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THE LIFE OF 
MUHAMMAD 

A TRANSLATION OF IStfAQ'S 
SIRAT RASOL ALLAH 

A. GUILLAUME 



OXPORD 







m reserve& No pa 

ie prior permissiun in wriiin^ ai (hdord Ln^tTsin Pn 






ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

1t is a pkasure to acknowledge the debt that I owc to the friendB whom 
I have consulted in the many and various dnh I 

latDT of sueh a long text as the Sira on which therc is no commentary 
worthy of the rame. My thanks are eapecially due to my old friend Pro- 
fessor A. A. Affift of Alraandria, Professor A. Kh. Kinani of Damascus, 
Dr. Abdullah al-Tayib of Khartoum, Dr. M. A. Azzam of Cairo, and 
Profcssor A. K. S. Lambton of London. Particuhrly I wonld thank Dr. 
W. Arafat for his self-sacrificing labour in reading the whole of my transla- 
tion in manuscript, and for oringing its shortcomings to my notice. If, 
with reference to this book of mine, I am ever able to solace myself with 
the words kafa'l-mar'a jailan m m'adda ma'dyibuh, it will be in great 
measure due to his ready help and eagle eye. 

Last, but not least, I gratetully ackriowledge the generosity of the School 
of Oriental and African Studies in meeting the' cost of production. Without 
this help it wonld have been impossibk to publish the book. I hope that 
in the years to come it will stand as a modest tribute to the School's great 
interest in Oriental studies and also he!p te 
taendliness between my country and the Islan 






CONTENTS 



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
INTRODUCTION 
The Author 



m Lgst Book of Mdsi b. 'Uqba 



IIIK CtNEALOOY OF MUHAMMAD; TRAii 
FROM THE PRE-ISLAMIC ERA; MUHAMMAD'S 
CHILDHOOD AND EARLY MANHOOD 



al-Thamir and the Christian m, 



Origin of idolatry among the Araba 

The descendants of Mudar 

Thc digging of Zamzam 

Kinana and Khuza'a expel Jurhum arj 

The bajj in the Jahiliya 

The wells of Mecca 
'Abdu'1-Mutulib vows to sacrihce his 
'Abdullah father of the prophet 
Amina mother of the prophet 



Death of 'Abdu'1-Mt 
Abu Tilib becomt 
The monk Babira 



>n of Friday prayers 



MUHAMMAD'3 CALL AND PREACHING IN MECCA 109 
His call and the beginning of the Quran r j r 

Khadrja accepts Islarn 



uhammad to Rght 
HH they lodged 



uits to Abyssinia 

How the Negua gained his throne 
*Umar accepts Isiam 
The document procl 



hypocritcs among the Helpers 
bil 



'Uthman b. Maz*un and Al 
Anmilling of the boycott 
Tufayl b. 'Amr accepts Isli 
Abu Jahl'3 dishonesty 



Raid on al-'Ushayra 



Zaynab sets out for Medina 



The chapter of The S 



Namea of the Helpers wh 
Names of the Quraysh pr 
Versesonthebattle 



Attack on B. Qaynuqi' 

kab b. al-Ashraf 

Battie of Uhud 

The Qursn on Uhud 

Names of the Muslims slain at Uhud 

Names of the polytheists slain at Uhud 



Treachery at Bi'r Ma'una 
B. al-Nadlr eiiled 

Baid of Dhatu'l-Riqa' 
Last eipedition to Badr 
Raid on Dumatu'1-Jandal 
Battle of the Ditch 

m B. Qurayza 




Eapedition to Khaybar 
al-Aswad the shepherd 

Anair of Fadak 
Names of the Darlyun 



Khilid fpllowed by 'All go 
Khalid destroys al-'Uzza 
Battle of Hunayn 



)-Tufayl and Arbad b. Qaya 
n 'Abdu'l- 



Dcputat 
Deputation fr< 
Deputation from B. Hanifa 
DeputatiDn from Tayyi' 
Adly b. Hitim 
Deputation of Farwa 
Deputation from B. Zubayd 

Deputation from al-Azd 
Deputation from Hjmyar 
Farwa b. 'Amr accepts Islam 
B. Hirith accept Islam 
The false prophets Musaylima and 6 
The Jarewell pilgrimage 
Usama's «pedition to Palestine 
Muhammad's missions to foreign ru! 
A summary of Muhammad's raids aj 
GhSlib's raid on B. al-Mulawwah 
Zayd's raid on Judham 
Zayd's raid on B. Fazira 
'Abdullsh b. Raw5ha's raid to kill al 
'Abdullah b. Unays'. raid to kill Kh 
'Uyayna's raid on B. al-'Anbar 
Ghalib'sraidonB. Murra 
'Amr b. al-'As's raid on Dhatu'l-Sal 



IBN HISHAM'S 
ADDENDA 



INTRODUCTION 
THE AUTHOR 

Muhammad, son of Ishaq, son of Yaslr, was born in Medina about 
a.h. 85 and died in Baghdad in 151." His grandfather Yasar fell into the 
hands of Khalid b. al-Walld when he captured 'Aynu'1-Tamr in a.h. 12, 
■} J tbere as a prisoner by the Persian king. Khalid sent him 
with a number of prisoners to Abu Bakr at Medina. There he was handed 
over to Qays b. Makhrama b. al-Muttalib b. 'Abdu Manif as a slave, and 
was manumitted when he accepted Islam. His family adopted the family 
name of their patrons. His son Ishaq was born about the year 50, his 

Musa were well-known traditionists, so that our author's path in life was 
prepared before he reached manhood. 1 

He associated with the second generation of traditionists, notably 
al-Zuhri, 'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada, and 'Abdullah b. Abtt Bakr. He must 
have devoted himself to the study of apostolic tradition from his youth, for 
at the age of thirty he went to Egypt to attend the [ectures ol Vazid b. 
Abu Habsb. 1 There he was regarded as an authority, for this same Yazid 
afterwards relatej : (t authority. 4 On his return to 

Medina he went on with the collection and arrangement of the materia! 
he had collected. Al-Zuhri, who was in Medina in 123, is reported to have 
said that Medina would never lack 'ilm as long as Ibn Ishaq was there, and 
he eagerly gathered from him the details of the prophet's wars. Unfortu- 
nately Ibn Ishac, excited the enmity of Malik b. Anas, for whose work he 
showed his contempl, and it was not long before his own writings and his 
orthodosy were called in question. Probably it was our author's lost book 
of Siman' which eicited Milik'» ire, for it would have been jn the held 
of taw based on the practice of the prophet that differences would be most 
keenly felt. Hc was accused of being 1 Qadari and a SbI'I. Another man 
attacked his veracity: he often quoted Fatima, the wife of Hisham b. 
'Urwa, as the authority for some of his traditions. The husband was 
annoyed and denied that he had ever met his wife ; but as she was nearly 
torty yeara Ibn IshJq's senior it is easily credible that they often met 
"— It is not known whether Ibn Ishaq was com- 
r hether he went away voluntarik 

a place that housed his chief 




xiT The Life of Muhammad 

informants as he would hold elsewhere, and so he left for the east, stoppmg 
i . ;. on the Tigris, and Ray, finally settling in Baghdad. While 
MansurwasatHJsli.: r I" ' 



him with a copy of his work doubtless i„ ..... _ 
Thence he moved to Ray and then to the ne 
dicd in 150 (or perhaps 151) and was buried I 






oH.b; 



THE SlRA 






es of several fir 



in that Ibn Ishaq's biography of the | 

rival ; but it was preceded by several magk&a books. 
they were first written, though we have the names 

r,ul written notes and passed on their knowledge to the r-sing 
generation. The first of these was Aban the son of the cahph Uthman. 
He was born in c, 20 and took part in the campaign of Tahha and Zutiayr 
He died about 100. The language used by 
al-WaqidI in reference to Ibn al-Mughlra, 'he had notmng written down 
about hadith except the prophet's magh&mWoit 
Aban', certainly implies, though : * J — 
wrote down what Aban told him 
al-Waqidi should have cited this 1 



rcd to ignore t 

irper. However, his name < 

ii-dith^ (Them 

an b. 'Uthman al- 



of thc 



demand, that Ibn al-Mughira 

ge that neither Ibn Ishaq nor 

i laide knowledge 

public ; possibly as a follower 

in the wia-ds of the canonical 
Tab. 234° snd I.S. iv. 29 is 
' - magMsi. 1 ) 



h greater importance * 






i "Uiwa b. al-Zubayr 1 



- 



the early hUtory of Islam, and the Umayyad caliph 'Abdu'1-Malik apphed 

, I , henecdedinformationonthat sul.i it V«n 
.vlvlli. 1 lie wrote a book, but the many traditions that are handed down m 
1 , „ , v ■ T I and other writers justify the assertion that he was the 
founder cf Islamic history.* Thnugh he i. the earliest wruu 

- have not transbted.the passages from Tab. which 
they do not seem to add anything of importance 
i part af a letter which 'Urwa wrote to 'Abdu 






Like I.I. he was given to inserting poetry in his traditions and justirled the 
habit by the «cample of 'A'isha who uttered verses on every subject that 
presented itself.' He was a ftiend of the erotic poet 'Umar b. Rabi'a, but 
thought very little of the prophet's poet Hassan b. Thabit. 1 

Of Shurahbil b. Sa'd, a freedman, presumably of South Arabiart origin, 
little is known beyond the fact that he wrote a maghani book. I.I. would 
have none of him, and he is seldom quoted by other writers. He died in 
123, and as he is said to have knawn Ali he must have died a centenarian. 
He reported traditions from some af the prophet's companioiis, and 
Musa b. 'Uqba' records that he wrote lists of the names of the emigrants 
and the combatants at Badr and Uhud. In his old age he was discredited 
because he blackmailed his yisitors: if they did not give him anything he 
would say that their fatheis were not present at Badr! Faverty and eJttreme 
age made him cantankerous. The victims of his spleen doubted his veracity, 
though those best qualified to judge regarded him as an authority. 

Another important Tabi' was Wahb b. Munabbih (34-110), a Yamanite 
of Persian origin. His father probably was a Jew. He is notorious for his 
interest in, and knowledge of, Jewish and Christian scriptures and tradi- 
tions; and though much that was invented later was fathered on him, his 
K. al-Mubtada' lies behind the Muslim version of the Iives of the prophets 
and other biblical stories. With his books on the legendary history of the 

I.H.'s K. al-Tijdn we are not concemed; but the statement of Hajjl 
Khalifa that he collected the maghazih now conBrmed by the discovery of a 
fragment of the lost work on papyri written in 228. Untortunately this 
fragment tells us little that is new ; nevertheless, its importance is great 
because it proves that at the end of the first century, or same years before 
A.H. 100, the main facts about the prophet's life were written down much 
as we have them in the later works. Further it shows that, like the other 
carly traditionisrs, he had little orno use (acisnads. Miss Gertrud Mebmede' 
has comparcd the account of the meeting at 'Aqaba (cf. i. H. 288, 293, 299) 
with the literature on the subject and her criticism, literary and historical, 
leads her to some important conclusions which do not concem us here. An 
interesting detaii is that Muhammad speaking to 'Abbas calls Aus and 
Khazraj 'my and your materna] uncles'. "Abbas throughout runs with the 
hare and hunts with the haunds. 

A little later comes 'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada al-Ansari (d. c. 120). He 
lectured in Damascus on the campaigns of the prophet and the exploits 



He too is quite in 



1 naming his au 



d 1,1. attended his lectun 



to Medina 






The Lije o/ Muhammad 
b. Muslim . . . b. Shihib al-Zuhri (51-1*4.) was a member of 
.1 distinguishcd Meccan family. He attached himself to 'Abdu'1-Malik, 
Hisham, and Yazid, and wrote down some traditions for his princely 
pupils. He was the rorerunner Df the later traditionists in that he took 
estraordinary pains to interrogate peopie, young and old of both sexes, who 
might possess knowledge of the past. He left a history of his own family 
and a book of m.. v v ved in the notes 

of his lectures that his pupils wrote down quoting his authority for the 
tn-u.Ltiotis ilu :v rccord. :lc slu-ilt souie y«Lirs 111 Mcitr.a as a young man. 
I.I. met him when he came south on pilgrimage and he is often named as an 
authority in the Sira. He was the most important tradi 



M .iil .. 



bc! ca 



icsl 



•' '.ulture, ii. 33 ff.) 
'Abdullah b. Abii Bakr b. Muhammad b. 'Amr b. Hazm (d. 130 or 

« 1 >l 1 I niosi iinjn rtant inl .rmants His father had been orc 

by 'Umar b. "Abdu'l-'Aziz to write a collection of prophetic ha 
especially what 'Amra d. 'Abdu'1-Rahmin said. This latter was a f: 
of 'A'isha and she was the aunt of this Abu Bakr. Already in the time of his 
son 'Abdullah these writings had been lost. Though wc have no record of 
I ■ 1 I \ 1 1 1 llat, 1 ^ ib 1 . . in.i ■ K i.i ■ -,. in the magkasi of 
his nephew 'Abdu'1-Malik. As one would expect, the isndd is 

knew of them to need to cite his authorities. Tab. (i. 1S37) contains an 

Fatima to tell him what he knew on 'Amra's authority. 

Abu'1-Aswad Muhammad b. 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. Naufal (d. ]3 t or 
137) left a maghdsi book which sticks closely to 'L T rwa's tradition. 1 

Contemportu-y with our author in the third generation was Musa b. 
'Uqba (c. 55-141), a freedman of the family of al-Zubayr. A fragment of 

rivalled I.I.'s work and is one of our earliest witnesses to the Sira I have 
given a translation of the extant traditions. J Although Malik b. Anas, 
al-Shafi'T, and Ahmad b. Hanbal — an impressive trio — asserted that his 
book was the most important and trustworthy of all> posterity evidentiy 

I.I. never mentions bim, One cannot escape the conyiction that petty 
professional jealousy was as rife in those days as now, and that scholars 
deliberately refrained from giving their predecessors credit for their 
achievements. Musa leaned heavily on aI-Zuhri. He scems to have carried 
farther the process of idealizing the prophet.* He is freely quoted by 
al-Waqidi, I. Sa'd, al-Baladhuri, Tabari, and I. Sayyidu'1-Nas. He gave 






>f those who went to Abyssinia and fought at Badr. The latter 
itivc. He generally gives an isnad, though it is 
1» rclying on .1 urinen ur an oral source. Once 
ai icasr ne rctcrs to a mass of records left by Ibn 'Abbas (I.S. v. 216). 
Occasiorully lic quotes poems. 

Apart from thc fragment of Wahb b. Munabbili's mag/tdsi th L - Hcrlin 

MS.,ifitisaulliriiu -. !s tl .: pieceol i islorioai li:crauirc ir. irabicin 

existencc, nnd if only for that reason deseryes more than a passinr; notice 
hcre. Itisol' impoitance also because it carrics back sonic ot tli 1 Ldirir.ni 
iii Hukiuri (.1. z~h) morc than a century. 

11,1 ' rl » were produced tn lraq, Svna, and the Yaman 

durmg thc second century, hut none Df them i likeh t I, 1 inAiicuccil 
I.I. and thLV cm I h 1 , , I , , ,1 incance i 

: life of the prophet that was shown eyerywhere during 



10 book kr 



ti. |l:c :\ 



«illl 1.1. 



k of Campaigns and (the 



which wIU now b( 
The Sira 

The titles The Baok af Campaigns or Tke Soo/. „, „. 
praphel s) Biogmphy or The Bmh of the Biography and thc Beginning and the 
Campaigns 1 are all to be met with in the citations of Arabic authors 
Al-BakkaT, a pupilof I.I., made two copiesof the wholebook rn. ■■ vl,i, , 
must have reached I H (d 2tS, h, , 1|„ tcd annotated, and 

sometimes altered, is the main source of our knowledge of the original 
work. A good dea! more of it can be rccovered from othet sources. 3 The 
prmcples underlying I.H.'s reyision are set out in his liitnnltictior, 
■ ■ i.,-«-dbv I'. ,v.. S ,, tti.l, unc, I.l.wasinRay 
by Salama b. Fadl al-Abrash al-Ansari, because T. quotes I.I. according to 
I. Fadl's nwdya. A third copy was made bv Yur.u b Hukavr in Ra 
Thiswasusedbyl.al-Athirmhist^-G/iu^ A cop, ..,".„, 
recenston exists in the Qarawlyin mosque at Fez. The text, t« liicli cnnlains 
some important additions to thc receiyed text, I hope to publish shortly. 
A fourth copy was that of thc Syrian ll.inm b. Al.olsj. These last twD 
' C -' J . S Lastly the Fihrist memions the edition of 



r existed in three separate 



a!-NufaylI (d: 234). 
It must not be supposed that the book ev 

■nt lcgcnds, Muhammad's early life ai 

These are s.mply sections of the book which contained l.Vs lectures.'""" 
fiJ°n,inLf T ( /flW i % ' ' "«dH**>. The 

u , K T lt '" t,,e latter ' runs thus: 'I- Hamid said, Salama 

b. al-FadI told us that I.I. said : " The nrst thing that God crcated was light 



X vii! The Life of Muhammad 

and darkness. Then He separated them and made the darkness night ; 
hlack ex.ceedfng dark; and He matlc tht lighl Jav, briernt and luminous." ' 
bitiin this it is clcar thal 'Gencsis' is Ihc meamuj; oi' the title of the first 
sectionofthebook. I.H. skipped all the inr 



Abral 






re t;.vcn 



al-Muta 



of Muhai 
in in his Akhbdr M 



I. Al-A 



;;,|i <;u;,l 



The Muht,:4a in so far as it lies outside I.H.'s recensinn is nnt our 
concern, though it is to he hoped that one day i scholar wil: cnllcct and 
publish a tcxt of lt from the sources that survive so that I I '- t,;k can h 
reatl in its entircty as its lmportaiice warrants. In this seelion I.I. rehcdon 
Jcwish and Christian inrarmants and on the book of AbG 'Abdullah Wahb 
, i i I i, | J4-HO or 114) known as K. al-Mubtada' and also «Ulsrit- 
tiiyut of which thc tir.yiiul title was Onaili'1-Anbiya. To him he owed 
thc history of the past from Adam to Jesus 1 and also the South Arahian 
legends, some of which I.H. has retaincd. This man also wrote a maghtet 
book, and afragmentof it has surviv, ,1. 1.1. cites liim by «ameonly once. 4 
It is natural that a book about Muhammad, 'the seal of the prophets , 
should give an account of the history of the early prophets, but the 
history, or legends, of South Arahia demand another raplanatinn. As 
Goldziher showed long ago, 5 it was ill the second half of the first century 
rhsl thc .■mragoiusm of north and south, i.e. Qura>sh and 11 Vi 1 ■ t 
Mcdina, (irst sh,.mc,l itsel! in literaturc. Thc- ■\rsiir. pi<jinlfiftheirsouthern 
,,n..| 1 nl i Ihcrr supportof the prophet wben the Quraysh .-cjectetl lum, 

,,, | ,,1 il j 1 if their rulers and the northemcr's claim to 

superiority. One of the ways in which their rcsent.,i. 1 
was in the giorification of Bimyar's great past. IX 18 a loyal son of 
Medina shared thc feelings of his patrons and recounted the achievements 

, ,| |, u ,1 , ml I Il,himselfofsoutherndesceni retai ii Ih 
Sira as much of the original work as he thought desirable. To this accident 
that I.H. was aHimyari we owe the eittracts frcm stories of thc old South 
Arabian kings. I.H. devoted a separate book to the subject, the K. al- 
Tijan K-ma'rifat, ■ ~" Oahtan)? 

The second section of the book which is often callcd al-Mab'ath begins 
with the birth of the prophet and ends when the nret fightir\j> liom his base 
' es place. The impression 






,st their freshness ar 
es dramatic detail which make thi 



id have norhing of 



, publicl; as ;. leliL-ms rcformer: some sayhewas forty, 
others say forty-fivc; \vc ilo re ■ 1 

Najjar; the poverty of his childhood ill ffts the assertion that he helonged 
to the princlpal family in Mecca. The story of those years is filled out with 
| . , ■ , tories of miraculous evcnts which incvitably unJermi.ie thc 
modern reader's contidencc in the history of this period as a whole. In 
this section particularly, though not exdusively, I.I. writes historical 
introductions to his paragraphs, A good example ia his foreword to the 
account of the persecution the prophet endured at the hands of the 
Mcccans: 'Whc. tl.e Quraysh bccame distressed by the trouble caused by 
thc eiir:iiiv hetween them and the apostle and those of their people who 
accep-.cd his tcachmsr, ihey stirrcd up against him foolish fellows who called 
him a liar, insuh, 1 '.' "4 being a poet, a sorcerer, a 

divincr, and of being possessed. However the apostle contimied to pro- 
claini what God had ordercd him to proclaim. concealing nothing, an;l 
exciting their dislike by contetir ■>'■■■ n,' :t:eir :.loL<. 

and learing them to their unbeliefV This is not a statement resting on 
tradition, but a concise summary of the circumstances tliat :,:; pl.ilnli 
indicated by certain passagcs nl' : :i ' :: 1 w ith this period. 

Of the Maghael history little need be said. For the most paii the SIDlil ! 
rest on the account of eyewitnesses and have every right to be regardcd as 
trustwoithy. 

The opinions of Muslim critics on I.I.'s trustworthiness deserye a special 
paragraph ; but here somethmg may be said of the author's caution and his 
fairness. A word that very frequently precedes a statcment is sdama or 
1 lll 1 1 ith it more than a hint that the 

stiitenicut in.iv not bc truc, though on the other hand it may be sound. 
Thus thcre are rourteen or more occurrences of the caveat from p. 87 to 
I 4 S alone, besides a frequent note that only God knows whether a parti- 

c.-iii unileriir^ Ihc expiession fl md dhitkira li. as in the story t.f ihc jmn 
wi.ii [istcneti ri. \l;:i .;i::iii:i.l :i- ':;, |'ivi\c.l : M;:imii:ii::k1 ! s crder to 'Umar 
r, I - I 1 . ., r 1 1 r t M, 1 mimil ll rc ir 1 t • 

mai tyrs ti. ihc man killed by awoman.' An espression of similar impott i 



Vcrv scldom does I.I. make any comn 


cnt of his own 


he records apart from the mental rese 


rvation implied 


1 1,, l-i hi do t 1 1 • | 




Iri hisdcco',intof llic night jotimcy u. 1; 


salemandtheas 






Tke Life of Muhammad 



he allows us to 






1. The story is everywhere 
him (balag ha„, , 



begins with a tale which he says has ret 

heard (dhukira). The whole subject is a searching test of men*s faith in 
which those endowed with tntelJigence are specially concerned. It was 

opinion of his is most delieaul: BKd in the words 

hayfa shd'a, 'how God wished to show him'. I. Mas'ud's words are 
prefaccd by/i ma balagham 'anhu. There is nothing in the story to indicate 









,1'orlu- i 



id returned to Mecca he told the Quraysh that he had 
been to Jerusalem and back during the night and that this so slrained the 
credulity of some of the Muslims that they gave up their faith in his reve!a- 
tioas although he was able to give an accuratc description of Jerusalem. 
Ft is therefore most surprising that al-Hasan should end his story by 
quoting Sura 13. 62 'We made the lisian which we showed thee only for a 
test to men' in this context. The whole point of al-Hasan's story is thereby 
undermined, for h :■;; :i;,rv, theii '.I:,c: j l v.;,s iiolhiii£ 

at all incredible about it. Then folJows 'A'isha's statemcnt, reported by 
one of her father's family^ that it was only thc Lp.stlc V. sp:i,t a,;,t :v.,s 
transported; his body remained where it was in Mecca. Another tradi- 
tion by Mu'awiya b. Abii Sufyan bears the same meaning. Thc fact that he 
had been asked whether it was nicy shows that the 

subject was dcbated beforc LI.'l day. Here IX makes a protound obserra- 
tion which in eSet iittterial whether the experience 

was real or visionary because it came from God ; and just as Ahraham made 
every preparation to slay his son Isaac in consequence of what he had seen 
in a dream' because he recognised no differcnce between a divinc command 
given at night during sleep and an order given by day when he was awake, 
so tl jjistli Mnrivi |ust as real as if it had been an actual physical 
ij !y God knows what happened, but the apostle did see what 
he said he saw and whetber he was awake or asleep the resuk ia 1 lc tajme. 

Muhammad's words is prefaced by za'ama'i-Zuhri, not, as often, by the 
ordinary term haddathani. Now as al-Zuhri and I.I. tknew each other 
well and must have met quite oftvii w; ruusl uniiyubtedly infer from the 
bcl that I.I. del I erb of suspicion forthe ordinary 

term used in traditional matters that he means us to take this tradition with 

It is a pity that the excellem impression that one gets of the author's 
intelligence and religious perception should be marred by the conduding 
paragraph* on this subject of tbe ascent into heaven which incidentally 
has had far-reaching results on European literature through the Divine 



Comedy. 1 It rules out absolutely any but a physical experience and ought 
to have been recorded with its cautionary note before I.I. made his own 
obserations. Possibly the reason for its being out of place is that it is an 
excerpt from his Jecture notes ; but whatever the expIanation, it mars the 
cticL-i nf liis statement of the evidence. s 

Tbe phrase 'God knows best' speaks for itself and needs no comment. 
It is sometimes uscd when thc author records two connicting traditions 
and is unable to say which is correct. Another indication of tbe author's 
scrupulousness is the phrase 'God preserve me from attributing to the 
apostle i.mils which he did notuse'. His reportof Muhammad's tirst public 
address at Medina and his order to each of his companions to adopt another 
as a brother are prefixed by these words and bedged by fimd balagham. 1 

The author does not often give us rival versions of traditions from 
Medina and Meeca; thus the account of 'Umar's convcrsion is interesting « 

about the early days of the prophet's ministry. The tirst account he says is 
based on what the traditionists of Medina said: 'Umar was brutal to his 
sister and brother-m-law who had accepled Islam, but feeling some 
rcmorse when he saw blood on her face from the violent blow he had dealt 
her, and impressed by her constancy, he demanded the leaf of the Quran 
thawshe was reading. Having read it he at once accepted it as inspired and 
went to the prophet to proclaim his allegiance. 

The Meccan, 'Abdullah b. Abti Najih, on the authority of two named 
companions or an anonymous narrator, giyes another version in T m:>r's 
own words to the etTect that his conversion was due to his hearing the 
prophet recite the Quran while praytng at tbe Ka'ba one night. In both 
n:)!T:uiyis it llus tlu: Qi>r;ir, v,hich cuused his conversion, In the nrst 
\ : rsion T'n> ar was affected by the bearing of his sister and secured a part of 
the Quran to read himself; in the second he was aUected by the private 
devotions of the prophet. The first story is prcfixed by/i md balaghani, but 
1 is iiliI 1 1 lI , t 1 tl , it was the current 

belief of the people of Mcdina. I.I. concludes by saymg that only God 
k;'..v..s wliat rcally happened. 



the 1 






d by the i 



le T. fror 



,t : i/s 



Salama b. al-Fadt, the latter supportt 
anotner pupil 01 t.J.s namea Ali b. Mujihid. The nrst had attended 
lectures in Kijfa; the other two his lectures at Ray. AIl thrce cbim t 
they transmit what I.I. told them on the authority of a ceruin 'Afif. I 
notknowofapa:. ' 1 ringontheauthot 

of the same original narrator, Different ttaditions from different ra 
from different sources are to be expected in any history; but here the sa 



by 



______ The Life of Muhammad 

man is introduce,: : radiricms such ae are to 

be found in the later col.ections of hadith. 

The first traditian is suspect because it requires us to bcli.ee that trom 
the earlicst days of his ministry before he had any following apart from i 
wife and a young nephew Muhammad prophesied the Aral. ci.,ii[t]est i,f ;he 
Byzantine and Persian cmpires in the Near Easl. Notiiiiuj. iu iiis lite Ri.es 
the siightest support to this claim, though it was to bc made good soon after 



Vhese. 



; no rcfere 









irthy. It dehnitely fi> 
itant from Mecca. The ntst account sugges 
u :he i.rophct was ln _\Iccca, as he turned 
' "* luld he have done this had he bt 



] face the Ka'ba when he 



[11 \ r 1 eiinl sjv- uoihing 

ahont tlu dir,ctionof his prayer. Onthewhole, thcn, the second tradition 
as transmitted by Sa_arr» must be given the preterence. 

.isy to see why I.H. a century later omittcd both tradilior.s; 
they v cre «llense.c to ihe ruling house of 'Abbas as they drcw attciuion 

fjm have torc, ittcii. liut v.hy did I.I. report them hoth, if 111 ijct he did ? 

Aiid party, and that he afterwards dropped it and substituted thc second 
. ersu.n uhith Siilamii heard in Ray some years later hcforc he went on to 
Baghdad. T. with his uaual thoroughness reported both traditions. The 
only aiternative is to suppose that the reterence to the coi_quests is an 
intetpolation. 

Therc is a subtle ditTerence between these two variants which ought not 

to be overlookcd. At lirsi s,ght it v 1, i-eemtobc a mere detail that in the 

first tradition 'Aflf wiBhed that he had been the tkird to pniy the uluslim 
pr.iyur. Xihv thcrc v.ere :lhe:iuv tliree '.Irihaiiuuau, ] .hadija, and Ali. In 
rli, second trj,lit'i.u:i he wislicd lh:u he hael h, ,-l tllc f»wth. lilllis lattcT 
is the original iYirm ,: llre t :,: i.ished that he 

hiid becn tbe tirst man outside the prophet's family circle to accept Islam. 
But the llrst tradition means more than this: by eliminating, as it were, 
Muhammad himself from the trio it means that Ali was the second human 
being and the nrst male to acccpt Islam and t'0 stand with rihadlja at the 
head of all Muslim i I i i l i __> alwa.s becn the 

claims of the Shl'a and to this day the priority of Ali in this respect is 
hotly disputed. 2 



r,.,_. adapicj it in tlie iritcrest of the Alid cause. In view ot thi accusation 
of partiality towaius ll,e Sh]'a ..'uic-i was lceelled against I.I.' it seems 
probable that he himselt gave a subtle twist to the tradition that had come 
down to him from 'Afif, and aftcrwards p-layed for salety. 

As onc would expect of a book which was written in thc eighth ccntury 
about a great rcligious rehirmo:-, riiiracies ste acccptcd as a matter of 

ii.ki- ils early suri, rmi;-, and 1 1 n I i„,r ducs lt matter if 

the person concerned expressl . I i I I i apart from the 

recitation of thc Guran itsclf. J The Near East has produced an enormous 
numb, ,i I , U , r - t n i I, I i , I hol „ n and lt would be 

tru t I I I ] linl II 1 i tl 1 t i I | , I r 

ir. gli.rilyini; thc :ic!ucvcnu-iits of ils gtc.it leudt r .:t the oxpcnse of his humai. 
grcalncss. I lere we are conccmed simply with the literary form of such 
stories, the autliorities that are quoted for them, and the way in which our 
author deals with thcm. To mention a few:' the prophet summoned a 
tree to him and it stood beforc him. He told it to go back again aiul laek t 

iii i I t r Lirde 1 t i t r i i -. I l 

Yasiir, is responsiblc for the tale. Another tradition from 'Amr b.-'l)bayd, 
who clairtted ti. Iiavc liad it ln.ni Jnlur b. 'Abdullah via nl-l.I.isim, is nierrh, 
a midrask composcd to oxp!ain Hiira 3. 14 whctc it is siiid that God kcpt 
, 1 I i._ I 1 iolcnce. The story 
of the throne of God shaking when the doors of lieaecn wcre npcned to 

Rifl'a aI-Zura_ii reported on the authority of 'anyone you like among my 
clan' that when Sa'd dicd Gabriel eisited the prophet and asked him who it 
.asthath l caused sucl coinmo: 1 vi h, ,,u eli leupon Miihammnd, 
1 „.'iii-i ,nt it 1,1,1 , ;„ Sa'd, hurried off at once to find that hc ha I iin 
However, more was said on the subject: 'AbduIIah b. Abu Bakr from 
'Amra d. 'Abdu'l-Rahm_Ji reported that 'A'isha mct Si,'d's eousin ourside 

arriva[ had shaken the very throne of God. An anonymous mlormant 
claimed to havc heard from al-Hasan al-Ba.ri tha; tlie pallbeiirers lounu 
the corpse of this fat, heavy man unexpectedly iight, and the prophct told 

and again it is repeatcd that the throne shook. Suhayli lias a liiiiii- long 
passage on the tradition which goes to show r that serious minded merl did 
not like this story at all. Somc scholars tried to whittle away the meaning 
by suggesting that the shaking of the throne was a metaphor for the joy 






.ve. Thcre 






. meaningofthewi 
while traditions like that of al-Barra' to the ciTcct that lt w a» Sa'd*s b 
that shook are rightly ignored by the learned. He goes on tn point out i! 
al-BottM accepted the tradition not only on the autrionn H |4bir l 
also on the rcport of a number of other compaoions of the prophet- 
further indication of the snowball growth of the legend. S. finds it m< 



t n t n I II 1 1 t 

has sidcd with I.I. on this mattcr, hut Malik clearly had many on his side 
at thc time, men who would not take at its face value a story which thcy 
L ~~~~~~ ~i hand, as he did, with the weight of co 





behind it. 






-^ " 




.1 i itun th 






P"P 


lar stories on 


1 t , 1 I 






enderedthese 






usage, as the repctition 




ame words and the same 


answer again an 


again is intolerable 'to 


e modern adult. E 


uch storiet 


are the stock-in-trade of the Arabian 




1 the storytell 


r all the world over and in 






which it is l! 


e speaker's 


intention to withhold unti! he has his 



n tiptoe. A good ei. r „ 

Muhammad's arrival in Medina and the invitation tif nnc clan 
always declincd with the same words. 1 

After pihi K duc wciphtto thc prewuie t>f haeiolo B von thc i 
ic;,[ii,i K tonartls the Shi'a one must, 1 think, amrm that the lif 
mad is recorded with honesty and truthtulness aiul, too, ar 



i,l thc st< 









lilc, fa;rily, arid bc]o,i H i,ig S but did not want to live when the 
is peopje had been slain, without admitting that hcre we have 
i tr.ic accniiiit of ulral actually happened? Similarly who but an impartial 
listorian would have included verscs in which the noble gcncrous character 
>f the Jews >,f titc Hijatt was lauded and lamented? The scepticism of 
■arlicr wntcrs seems to me cxccssivt anil uniustilici:. We have only to 
:ompare later Lives of Muhammad to see the ditTerence between the 
listorical and the idcal Muhammad. 3 



Introdttctian xxv 

Doubts and misgiyings about the authenticity of the poems in the Slra 
are expressed so oitcn hy I.II tiiat no reierence tt; thcm nccd bc giver. 
here. Nevertheless, one should be on one's guard against the tendency to 
condemn all the poetry out of hand. What I.H. says about thc poetry of 
those who took part in the battle of Badr, whcther or not it includes the 
verses of Hassan b. Thabit, namely "These verses (of Abu Usama) are the 
most authentic of those (attributed to) the men of Badr' (p, 534), casts 

Sira. -\cvcriheles5 I.I. is not to be blamed for the indusion of much that 
is undoubtedly spurious without a thorough investigation which has not 
yet been undertaken. The poems he cites on pp. 284 and 728 he got from 
'Asim b. Qatada, while those on pp. 590, 780, and 793 come from 'Abdullah 
b. Abu Bakr. 1 We know, too, that Musa b. 'Uqba cited verses. a 

An carly critic of poetry, al-Jumahi 3 (d. 231), though perhapa rather 
one-sided and ill halanced in his judgement on I.I., maltes some observa- 
tions which cannot fail to carry conviction. He says: 'Muhammad b. 
Ishaq was one of those who did harm to poetry and corrupted it and passed 
on all sorts ofTubbish. He was one of those learned ln the biography of the 
id people quoted poems on his authority. He uscd 



lf by sa 






passed on what was communicated to him, But that was no excuse, for he 
wrote down in the Sira poems ascribed to men who had never uttered a 
line of verse and of women too. He even went to the length of induding 
poems of r Ad and Thamud! Could he not have asked himseh" who had 
handed on these verses for thousands of years when God said: "He 
destroyed the first 'Ad and Thamud and left none remaining" 4 while of 
r Ad he said "Can }■ uning of thern?" 5 and "Only God 

knows *Ad and Thamud and those who came after them." '* Some of these 
poems are quoted by T, 7 

I . al-Nadim 8 goes farther by suggesting that IX was party to the fraud : 
the versea were composed for him, and when he was asked to include them 
i.i liis book hc did so and hrought himself into ill repute with the rhapso- 
dists. ( h-t: ^sionally I.I. says who the authority for the poetry was. 3 

■ KJHm of the poetry of the Sira can be based 
■ ■n!y on bjsCoiii :■ Kterary and stylistic 

grounds. Some of the poetry dealing with raids and dklm 
boastlng, and elegies seems to came from contemporary sources, and no 
reasonable person would deny that poetic contesta between Meccan and 
Medinan poets really took place: everything we know of ancient Arab 



The Life of Muham 



.. AsHori 



mit, ]ii pre-Islamic poetry these poetical cc 
mightbeaddcdthit i I ) 1 1 t r, is Ir u n r crted 

in the narratives and often put into the mouths of the herrjes of the hour. 
Thus, apan Iri):: ■ ;" tnedly were cailed ibrth by tlic 

events they commemorated, poetry was an integral part of a racial conven- 
11,111 yvl:icli no writer of history could afford to ignore. Probably if ali the 
poetry which I.I. induded in the Sira had reached that standard of excel- 
lcncc whicli his rcaders v.cic accustomed to expect, none of these charges 
would have been levelled against him. But when he included verses which 

uninspired and trivial, as many undoubtedly are, the deyeloped aesthetic 
sense of the Arabs which is most delicate where poetry is con, i 
what he wrote. As ahjumahi c , ;Lsi_lf mlu disrepute 

by the balderdash he admitted into his otherwise excellent work. And it did 
not improve matters that much that was good was mingled with more that 
was bad. It is more than likely that I.I. himself was conscious that all was 
not wcll with this poetry, for thc general practice of writers is to put the 

whole collection of verse by various 'poets'. It is as though he were 
silently saying 'This is what has been handcd on to mc. I know nothing 
about poetry and you must make your own anthology,' 1 Ecen 50, wbatewr 

a note to the effm ti-.al tlu lct b.Toic him contains lines or words which 



l.I.'s 



careful literary criticis. 
taphors nLcds 111 . u h; 



ails for detailed ac 
The history of the ciiches, similes, and metaph 

scholar thorougnly grounded in the poetry of the pre-Islamtc and 1'may- 
yad eras. Until this preliminary work has been succcssfully accoii-iplisiicd 
it would be premature to pass judgement on the poetry of the Stra as a 
wholc. Ancient poetry Iias surlctcj c|i::.itl\ at tac hands of forgcrs, 
plLiuiarisls, ;;i':! phiiokigists, and the diwans of later pocts have not escaped 
the dishonest tdm. Hassiin b. Thabit, the prophet's own poet, has many 
poems to his name which he WDuld be astoundcd 111 liuar, aml therc are 
comparatively few poets of w-hom it could be said that thc diwans bearing 
their names cuntam ' ';.-, 11 nnt responsible. 2 



Mroductmn 
Since these words were writtcn two theses have 

l"nivcrsity of I.iindon: the tiist b) Dr. M- A. *Azzam 

language, and authenticity of the poetry containcd in the sira; tne 

by Dr. W. 'Arafat with the Dltnanol Hassan b. Thabit. A brief sum 

thcir Hndings will not be out of place here. 

Between the period coyered hy the Sira and the editing of tl 

itself loom the two tragedies of Karbala', when al-Husayn and his fi 

werc slain in d 1 . and thc sack of Medina ii 

of the Ansar including nc 



. Mncl 



etryofth 



of those tragedi 
set lorth the clairos ol 1 1« AnsS to prominena bi bhun 
who supported the prophet when the Quraysh opposed I 
descended from kmgs. The prophet was the grandson of 'Abdc 
talib, whowastheson.it I". hi 1 .' 1 1 nan of the B. al-Xajjar 
of Yamanl stock. 'Your mother was of the purc stock of Khur/3'a. 
the heroes of Saba' her line gocs badt', says the poet in his elegy on ' 
Muttalib.' 

Apart from their great service to tlie prophet in «n 1 un a hoi 
Quraysh cast him out, the Ansar long before had been partm 
Qm Liysh , for was it not Rraah, the half-brother of Qusayy, 



,,ll,C 



uraysh from the Yaman? Had it not bccn ioi the 
Ansar tiicrc wotlld liavc c,r 1 1 T sl 11 1 I 1 I it . 1 !<ir their ancestors, 
llic poet implics, Qura-,sli icould nnt liavc heen estahlishetl 111 Mc-cca. 

On p. 18 there is thinly disguised Ans3ri-Shi'a propaganda: 'The one 
, „.1|l,1 , is the best of us. The one who lived is lord over us and all of 
you arc lords' would be recogniied by many a irciciem ll I 1 1 ,1 
al-IIusayn antl the 'lords' would bc the Umayyads. The account of the 
Tubba's march against Mecca and his great respect for its sanctity stands 
in clear contrast with the treatment it received from thc l Y 
al-Hajjaj bombarded it. 



After a carefu[ study of 
comes to the conclusion tl 
of the prophet. 

Dr. 'Arafat comes to much the same conclusion with regard to the 
verse attributed to Hassan. A few of the outstanding arguments will be 
given here. He finds that the eulogy on the Ansar (p. 893) 1- hich i attri- 
buted to Ka'b b. Zuhayr is in the same rhyme and metre as the poem of 
al-Akhtal 1 which was written at the instigation of Yazld. There we iind 
the words 'Baseness is under the turbans of the Ansar'. A careful com- 
parison of the relevant passages in the two poems shows that the one in the 
Sira la the answcr to the one in the AgkSm. 

Abdullah b. Abii Bakr is reported to have said: 'The Ansar were 
respectcd and fearcd until the battle of Harra ; afterwards people were 
emboldenedtoattackthemandtheyoccupied alowl) ; ice.' Itisinthcsc 

powersmdniestigi tlut , must lool l.n thc 1 ic S r und of \ouwi!lffnd 
that none ill uses or abuses us but a base fel!ow who has gone astray' (p. 626). 
On p. 474 a poem which I.H. attributes to Hassan's «on, 'Andu'1-Rah- 
man, obviously dates from a kter generation: 'My people arc those who 
sheltered the propbet and believed in him when the people of the land were 
unbelievers escept for choice souls who were rbrerunncrs of rightcous men 
and who were helpers with the helpers.' What can this mean but that some- 
onc is speaking ol the p,ist scniras ut h,s p L ,,,,|,. .„ ; A: prophet? Purther, 
it is strange language to impute to Hasssn. It was he who called the new- 
comers vagrants jalabib and regarded them as an unmitigated nuisance. 
He dcd not house any of the muhdjirin, nor was he a 'brother' to one of 
thtm. A still clearcr rcference to a rormer generation is to be round on 
P- 9,27 (ag*m I.H. attributed it to Abdu'1-Rahman) which says: 'Those 
people were the prophet's helpers and they are my people ; to thcni 1 1 ome 



whcl I r,- 

Dr. "i 



my d, 









offifteenc 









way in which verscs attrihuted t 1 1 1 issan ivcn int, rpolated an 
verses fabricated. Here T. gives only the first five verses; the Diwsm 
intcrp:i;,ites two vcrscs aiicr the firs! iine and adds two at the end. On 
the other hand, the last three verses in the Sira are not to be found in 
either of the other authorities. In the Aghani' the pocm 1, -1:1] 1 ,1 ., nd 
accordingtothcr t , / ,| , , , t l , n H 

ge from a study of the chcumstanccs which surround this 



In resented the growing numbers and inlluence of the Muslim 






2. After the attack on B. al-Mustaliq a quarrel arose between the 
Meccans and Medinans about the usc of a well. 'Abdullah b. Ubayy 
mi,J: Thej riral our numbers hathara;' he called them jalabib and 
threatened that when thcy got back to Medina the stronger a'ass 
would drivc out the weaker. The words italicized are the very words 
cssjn in this poem. From this it is clear that I.Iassan is 
:„ jt only his own opinion about the Muslims but that of 
'Abdullah b. Ubayy and his party. 

4. Safwan struck Hassan with his sword. Aecording to the introduction 
to the poem in the LHmln : :; :, because he had 

accused him of spcnding thc night with 'A'isha. But in the Aghani 
Safwan wounded Hassan at the instigation of the prophet hecause 
his house was the centre of disaffection against the Muslims. The 
other eitplanation of rhe attaek 00 HassSn is added in al-Aghdni as an 
lltenhought. However, thete is no reason why both versions should 
not be correct. Hassan's most dangerous orrence was his complaint 
against the Muslim intruders; but when he slandered 'A'Isha he 
provided the prophet with an admirablc rea 

severely for an offence which would not engage the sympathies of the 
Ansarls. Whether loyal or disatTected, they could hardly support 
their comrade in such a matter. 



>cth :■,, rutther ramincations of the story we are not concerned; 

and is dlrected solely against the Musiim refugees whose presence had 
become a nuisance to Hassan. In this poem he says nothing at all about 
Safwan. The last three lines have doubtless been added to whitewash 

and T. was thoroughly justiiied in discarding them. 

found on p. 936 which belongs to a laier generation. Here it is not the 

whose party (shi'a) is the prophetl . . . They are the best of all living 
creatures.' When we remember the resentment with which the Ansar in 
general and Hassan in particular feh when they got no share in the booty 
of Hunayn, the line 'Take from them what comes when they are angry and 
set not yotir hearts on what they withhold' is singularly inept. 

Another point which militates agatnst the 1 t > tt 1 1 tttri- 

buted to Hassan is the prominence which is often given to the Aus. It 

that the hostilily i B persisted long after Islam was 

established. A plain example of a later Ansirfs work is given on p. 71 r, 
where the poem begins :'Omy people is there any defence against fate and 



xxx TkeLifeoffr, 

can the good old days return ?' an impossible attitude for a Muslim to take 

di.Mili: tli; pr..[:.l'K:T'.i Iilctime. 

Ai;ain, wlier, llassji, la reported to have said 'The best of thc belicvcrs 
havc lollowcd one niiolhci ■ ■ ■'. I Bdenl to remembcr 

that practically all the prophct's principal companions survived Uhud. 
But when this careless forger wrote al! the best Muslims had long been 
- "- main point which is to glorify the 



,:"ihcv:i! 



ic'friei 



Thcsc two sttnlies Iny 1-..: :':. 

lllCSC p.K'Tll> .UC WtlltCIl .111:1 ilTClilcilUilll ■ 

phology of the language are treated with scant respect. In fine it may 
said that their well-documemed cnnclnM .115 ma.lc i . .; 
that the judgement of the ancient critics— particularly al-Jumahi— is ju 
ned up to thc hilt.' 

The partial restoration 0} the lost origmal 
Once the ongiiu] te\t of 1.1. esistcil in 111 Icast fiftecn rmilyas: 1 

1. Ibrahim b. Sa'd, 110-84 Medina 

2. Ziyid b. 'Abdullah al-Bakk5'i, d, 183 Kufa 

3. 'Abdullah b. Idrls al-Audi, 115-92 

4. Yunus b. Bukayr, d, 190 

5. 'Abda b. Sulayman, d. 187/8 

6. 'Abdullah b. Numayr, 115-99 

7. Yahya b. Sa'id al-Umawi, 1 14-94 Baghdad 

8. Jarir b. Haiim, 85-170 Basra 

9. Hariin b, Abu'M Basra? 
io. Salama b. al-Fadl al-Abrash, d. r^i Ray 
II. Alib. Mujihid, d. c. 180 

,2. Ibrahim b. al-Mukhuir 



It has been my aim to restore 
as it 5eft his pen or as he dictatec 
texts, disregarding the Mabda se 






Introduition 
as temptcd to 



his reasons, At first 

had been lost— and it may well be that it has 

the scurribus attacks on the prophet which I.H. mentions m fus 

tion are not to be found anywhere. But on the whole I think 

that we have the greater part of what I.I. wrote. Doubtless moi 

for Ali and against 'Abbas, but it is unlikely that such material 

much to our knowledge of the history of the period. Possibiy 



of the original 



h I.I. gi 



;red from Jew 



n all probability the 
1 unlikely that those 
ld have excited the 



passagcs which have been allowed tc 
annoyaiicc ihat somc of hia early critics cxpress on this score. Ibnu'l- 
Kalbi's K. at-Asndm gives a warning against exaggerated hopes. YaqOt 
had made copious extract9 from it in his Geographical Dictionary, so 
interratingajids. ■ k-dge of the old Arabian heathen- 

iam tli.it thc gmat Kiildukc ertprcsscd the liope that he would live to see the 
text of thc lost original discovered. He did; but a collation of the original 
work with ihe otcerpts made by Yaqut shows that practically everything 
of value had been uscd and nothing of real significance was to he leamed 
from the discovery of thc mother text. However, in a text of the nature of 
the Sira it is just possible that a twist may be given to the narrativc by an 
editor such as I.H. 

The writers from whom some of thc original catl be recovered are : 

1. Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi, d. 207 

2. Abii'1-Walld Muhammad b. Abdullah al-Azraqi from his grand- 

father (d. c. 220) 

3. Muhammad b. Sa'd, d. 230 

4. Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad b. Muslim b. Qutayba, d. 270 or 276 

5. Ahmad b. Yahya al-Baladhurl, d. 279 

6. Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari, d. 310 

7. Abu Sa'Id al-Hasan b. 'Abdullah al-SIrafi, d. 36S. 

8. Abu'1-Hasan 'Ali b. Muhammad b. Habib al-MSwardl, d. 450 



,. Abil'1-Hasa 



■Ali h. 



. lsma-il b. 'Umar h. Kathir 
:. Abu'l-Fadl Ahmad b. 'Ali 






is [. al-Zayylt, d. 627 



!,. 1.14: 



U.S52.U. 



aI-'Asqala 

:se has the importance of T. whose text 
i Yunus h. Bukayr. Bcsides the important 

the prophet's temporary concession to poly- 






:of'A 



. Only the Maghdsi has sur 

writings. A third of it was published by vun i\i«ii 

.or manuscript, and unti! the work has been edited its 






joutil The Life of Muhammad 

cannot be accurately assessed.' The abridged translation by Wellhausen- 
gives the reader all the salient facts, but his method of epitommng enabled 
him to avoid diiib h call for explanation. Waqidi 

makes no mention of IX among his authorities. The reason for this 
doubtless is that he did not want to refer to a man who alrcidy enjoyed a 
great reputation as an authority on maghasl and so let it seem that his own 
book was a mere amplification of his predecessor's. It is by no means 

his authorities, e.g. al-Zuhri, Ma'mar, and others, directly. On the other 
hand, he did not belittle I.I. of whom he spoke warmly as a chronicler, 
genealogist, and traditionist, who transmitted poetry and was an indelati- 
gable searcher of tradition, a man to be trusted." 

It follows that strictly Waqidi is not a wrjter from whom in the present 
state of our knowledge we can reconstruct the original of the Sira ; but as 
his narrative often runs parallel with I.I.'s work, sometimes abridging, 
sometim.es expanding, his stories it is a valuable if uncorttrolled supporter 
thereoL Not until his Magkasi has been puhlished and studied as it 
deserves to be car. arisoil of the two books be made. 

One thing is abundantty clear, namely that Wacjidi often includes stories 
which obviously come from eyewitnesses and often throw valuable light 
on events which are obscure in I.I. Indeed it ought to be said that the 
Sira is incomplete without Waqidi.* 

2, Al-Azraqi's Akhbdr Makka is of great value in matters archaeological. 
His authority is 'Uthman b. Saj. 

\„h: ii more or less as he communicated it to 
his pupils. This was afterwards combined with his Tabaaat in 300 by 
I. Ma'ruf. Yolumes Ia, * and Ila, in the Eerlin edition deal with the 
former prophets, Muhammad's childhood, his mission, the hijra, and his 
with his death, btirial, and elegies thereon. I.S. has 



■■■tich •■■ 



■■■ 






4. I. Qutayba's K. al-Ma'drif contain a few short and inexact cit 

5. AUBaHdhurTs Puluhu' 1-Buidan adds very little to our knov 
De Goeje's index gives twelve references. The tirst two 6 whi 
Goeje, Mlowed by Noldeke, 7 notes as not betng in the Sira woulc 



■:i!: .11:011 of hm-. TMticb WLitcI a 111 
n hi, land htiore he lets it flow down to his neighbour's 
ist five citations belong to the age of the caliphs an<' 



■■■ ■ :■: . L;:-.t\- 1- oi p rjot Eirom the fic$l !■■ the sec 

clter witli the conscqi.ent iiiisrcading of the third. Tlic citations :uc 1 
nid ccncise: tliey tell all thc trulli that li;c uriter needcd for his pur] 
>ut not the whole truth, which would have been irrelevant. 
6. T.ibari. A lisi ol thc additirais 10 II IV reeension has been givci 






:o thc i.cydcll 



WllClhc 

irreleva: 



jve, much the m 
«00(1074. 12) he 

: of Hishiim l>. Muhamiiiad' [al-Kalhl J. 204 or 306]. I.H. h 
Itogether and he omits a good deal of the poetry now in the Siri 
his selection was governed by taste, whether he thought sonn nf 
t, or whether he regarded it 



is lacking in I.I, (cf. 1794. 12). On one 
occasion at least (ef. W. 422 witl T. ,271) it looks ,is il the narratiec has 

bccn deliberately rccasl. T. frequently omits the lasliya ancl tmiliya as 
ancicnt writcrs di,l. : f.H. omils Ka'b's pocm antl the meiilinu nf its pro- 
.' fi;t eith T. 1445. 

7. Al-Sir.lfr contributcs an interestini; .■„!■ 

8. Al-Mawardi has notl ' " 

9. I. al-Athir in his K, 



11 Ironi thc s 



authDrities together 



tes Ibn Bukayr where 
:rentwords. I propose 
l. Ibn H a J ar - Agaiu lit 



The Lift af Muhammad 









tcortl tr. 



. of 01 



n, their judge- 
: of which called Sunan is men- 
,„,„ .^WyouotedbyAbuYusut (d. 182),' 
■d to hold its own and went out of circulation comparatively early. 
3e w more about the contents of this book, which by reason of its 
Ite presumably would have had a considerable inthence on the 
e of Wuslimshad it been aiiowed to continue to chalkn^- othcr 
•s of the apostle's deeds and words, we should be the better able to 
he value and relevance of early Muslim cr 
st dennitely hostile. It is ■ ' 



it Ihc ,:: 



,s,-ir, Lir 



schools of 

hope to escape strong condemnatk 

should not be overlooked, In tl 

Abu'l-Fath M. b. M. b. Sayyidu' 

.334)thedist 

about the prophet' 



Zma work r 
lopment the author 



ihe 









l» froi 



idthat: 
:gard him i 



Wusterdeld quot 

i-mari al-Andalusi (d. 734/ 

^sneral nature and traditions 

•lear and unmistakable. Ahmad b. HanbaTs 

father included I.I.'s hadith in his Masn 



.. While i 












,,,!,,, 









yers, they form an 
i,iav safeiv be concludcd that I. Hanbal's objection tu 1.1.. «™— 
applies almost exclusively to his lost work, the Sunan. 

Apostolic tradition in Islam, as Goldzihet showed long ago, is t 
battleSeld of warring sects striving for the mastery of men 
controloftheirl,L! 

,„ , , n , , , , , 1 '11,1 , he r The earher the tradrtion, , 

colUctionortrailitions, thcle« ' ...... 

, 1 I. occssionaUy succumbed to the temptation to 

- ^„„r'Akt.s e Tl,; s woulH seem to be sutirenti l\ 1, ,."„,-- 

■it lirst hostilc; 



tcumbed to the te . 
iiiat the expense of 'Abbas. This would seem to be suprer 
sary when one can read exactly what 'Abbas'» positm 
secondly neutral ; and lastly, when the issue was 1 



to glorify 



I. tb-c ii 



of Ali. Ali appears as the grea 



: ormation that was known about Muhammad. 
■ this: the principal reason is that he had no 
ic everyday mattcrs which Sl 

dhepnt Ihcm in his Siiikbi. Hhereported 

ir cites him for the matter of a tradition, unless t it tra.li ,1 

peak, puts I.I. in the second category. To anyone uith an 

niddleofthethird tniiun thc tiirm ol" a liaditb mattcredmore 
' ' of guaramors was un- 



forwardcollectorofallth£ 
There are sevcr„! rcit.sons 



hardty if 
is support 

histnrica! 



ould be includcd. 



that of I. Sayyida l-N.i, i 
. '■ .■■•■■■ ■ , ■ . :. ■ r - 
could nnd, both favouraI 
atracksthathadbeenmadt 
W.' with a transhitjnn in 1 



nary nf Muslim opinion of I.I. is 



„1 hisni. 



in tradition, the amir of tn 



Sufyan b. 'Ly.ivn.i, 107 oS: 1 s„: with him some s 

none of rhe Mcdinans suspcctcd him or spoke disr 
Abri Zur'a, d. 281: Oltler scholiirs drctv itnm linv 

tradittiiitists IlsIllI liim and found him truthful. V 

Duhaym of Malik's distrust of 1.1. he denied that it referred to his 

ver;icity r.s :- tr,n:iti'>:,is;, luit n, his ,;„,iaritc hcresy. 
Aliti Ilatini: Hi, lf:iJitions .nv ropied ,l,r,vn (by others). 
1 j'-Miln \p,-i,K ti.i.1 1 1 1 1 vith 6 men; then it 

bt-CLiine thc propcrty of 12. nf v.h,i,n 1,1. is nnc. 
al-Shan. 'i: Hc wli . v,Linls 10 stiiili tlic maghasi deeply must consult 1.1. 
'Asimh. 'L'ina: h. tjatlil:!: KiwwKdgi w iil rcmain among men as long as 



nm The Life of Muhammad 

Abu Mu'awiya: A great memory: others conHded their 

his memory for safe keeping, 
al- Bukhari : Al-Zuhri used to get his knowledge of the nag 
'Abdullah b. Idrls al-Audl: was amazed at his learning ai 



Mus'ab: He was attacked f 

tradition. 
Yazid b. HarSn : Were there a 


r reasons which had nothing to 


do «ith 


supreme relator of tradition it wou 


dbel.1. 


Ali b. al-Madlnl: His ahadith are sound. He had a great repu 




Medina. Ilishjmb. 'Urw 


's objection to him is no argumei 






talked to the latter's wife when 




young man. His veracity 


in hadith is self-evident. I kiiun n„K .1 


two that are rejected as unsupportcd 1 which no other writer 


eported. 


al-'ljll: Trustworthy. 






Yahyab. Ma'In: Firmir.tr 






Ahmad b. Hanbal: Escellen 


in tradition. 




(4) The writer then goes on 
jiis of little signiii 


to state all that has been said against I.I. 


ance we are left with the Mlowin 




which I, Sayyjdul-Nas goes 






•Abdullahb.Numayr S »idthat 


when I.I. reported what he had h 











ti unknown people. Y'ahya h. al-Qattan 
would never quote him. Ahmad b. Hanbal quoted him with approral, and 
when it was remarked how excellent the stories (qisas) were he smiled in 
surprise. His son admitted that Ahmad ineorporated many of IX'» 
traditions in his Musnad, but he never paid heed to them. When he was 
asked if his father regardcd him as an rtuthority on what a Muslim must 
or must not do he replied that he did not. He himself would not accept it 
tradition which only I.I. reported. He used to relate a tradilioi n . n. 
gathered from a number of peoplc without indicating who had contributed 
its separate parts. I. al-Madlni said - that at times he was 'fairly good'. 
Al-Maymunlrt-poricJtlijl 1. Ma'in 15-0-133 said he was'weak\ butothers 
denied that he said so. Al-Duri said hc was trustworthy but not to be used 
as an authority ihfiqh, like Malik and others. Al-Nasa'i said that he was not 
strong. Al-Daraqutni said that a tradition from IX on the authority of his 
father was no lcgal proof : it could be used only to connn 
held to be binding. Yahya b. Si'id said that though he 
he abandoned him iiiti-iili.in.ilh .1110 iiccei wrutc down traditiims 011 his 
authority. Ahu Da'ud al-TayalisI (131-203) reported that Hammad h. 
il.it unless necessity demanded it he would not hand on i 
tradition from I.I. When Malik b. Anas mentioned him he said, 'he is oni 
of the antichrists'. When Hisham b. 'Urwa was told that I.I. reportet 
uomething from Patima he said, 'the rascal lies; when did he see my wife? 



[. in Kttfa 



When Abdullah b. Ahmad told his father of this he said that this was not to 
II 1 1 1 1 1 11 

to interriew her, bu: he did i:ot kiinv>. Hc added that Malik was a liar. 
I. Idris said that he talked to Malik about the Maghasd and how I.I, had 
said that hc w t-. ti 1 .1 ' 1 1 1 1 .1 1 1 

Makkl b. Ibrahim said that he attcnded lectures of his ; he used to dye his 
hair. Whcn h«- mciititmod traditions about tbe divine attributes he left 
I 1 . On another occasion he said that when he left 

him he had attendcd twelvc lectures of his in Ray. 



listening. Whcn 
anything that he 
but they would I 



le mentioned IX they withdrew saying: 'Don't 1 
ud. We know better than he.' Yazid went among 

.1 Iislen and so he withdrew. 

] ] rlu' hc heard Ahmad b. Hanbal say that IX was 
if tradition, so that he took other men's writings and incorpi 

j owri , Abu 'Abdullah said that he preferred IX to Mi 

'Ubayda al-Rabadhi. Ahmad said that he used to relate traditions as though 



whcn there is a tradition he said ' 

Abu 'Abdullah said that IX ca 
those whu related haJilh irtini jl 
authonty. Al-FalUs (d. 249) sai 
reading before him the maghaz: 1 
we met Yahya b. QattSn who said 



while in Ibrahlm 
ne' and when that w: 



,'s book 



iter being with Wahb b. Ja 
:h his father' had got from I 
had brought 11 r-.i-- 



Ahmad b. Hanbal said that in maghazl and such matters what I.I. said 
,,] | 1 u u , 1 iit 1 1 il m 1 I 1 1 cnntirmation was 

necessary. In spite of the largc number of traditions without a proper 
,1 1 t I ,„ islong he said ' A told us', 'B informed 

1110' and 'I litard'. I. Ma'In did not like to use him as an authority m 
legal matters. AliQ liatim said th.c. hc was ■> i-ak i.i tradition yet ,ircffrjl,!c 
to Aflah b. Sa'Id and his traditions could bc written dmvn. Sulaymai. 
id Yahya al-Qattin said that lic couhi ...ily 
i 1, liu \', I 11 1 ' 1 ' ih 

tlut 1.1 1 1 . ' il II 



riis hadith to G 
hat made him 
as and he gave 






asiror 






as providing proof for legai preodent whak otlH 

to hold the view that man had free will, and that 1 
As for his truthfulness, it could not be denied. 



xxxviii The Life of Muhammad 

Abu'I-Hasan b. al-Gattan relegated him to the class 'good' [httj.tttt) iiL-causc 

gave us an isnSd running hack rhrough I.I. and Fatima to Asma' d. Abii 
Eakr: 'I heard a woman questioning the prophet and sayrna\ ' 1 have a 

given me in order to anger her". He answered, "He who arTects to be 
satished with what he has not been given is like one who dons two false 
garments"." Abu'1-Hasan said that this was the tradition from Fatima 
w hich injuicd I.I.'s icputatron, so that her husband Hisham called hima 
liar. Malik folIowci: him and i.ihcrs imitated them. However, there are 
other traditions on her authority. 

One cannot but nJruirr- t]ic vvnv in which 1 Sa}\irhf[-\":is r::sarssr-s 
' -ci. -.1: iiiliiy oiourauihor. Ile goes at once to the root of 
the matter and shows what httle substance there is in them. Though, like 
the speakers he criticizes, he tacitly assumes that early writers ought to 
have furnished il, nSii which would have met the 

rigorous demands of later generations who were familiar with a whole sea 
of spurious traditions fathercd on the prophet and his companions, his 
common sensc and fairness would not let hini acquiesce in the charge of 
tadlh whicb, by omitting a link in the chain or liy citing the original 
narrator without furthcr ado, automatically invalidated a hadith in later 
days. Thus he said in etfect that though I.f.'s traditions at times lack 
LLiniiJ. 1l J. eumentatlon there is no question of his truthfulness in the 
subject-matter he repotts ; and as to thc charge of shi'ism and qadarite 
leanings, they are vaud in anothcr rk-ld LiltriEC-.lii.-r rmj lui-c ncJiiiirr; :.. dn 
with the Sita. Again, what if Makki b. Ibrahim did abandon his lectures 

r.hhledto ' 



at he sa 
Yaz!d's stoiy 



i of lit 









traditionbccau.se ofwhat' 

authority of Wuhayb from Malik, and it is not im] 

cause of the Medinans' attitude in the foregoii 

Hanbal and I. al-Madini have adcquatdy replied 

As to Numayr's accusation that he related false 



n to traditions on I.I.'s 
i not tell us why, and so 

have already explained 



upon Suryin al-Thaurt and others whose 



th differ greatly in this wi 



and what thcy t 



al-Ju'fiafterh 



r-n people is accepted. Sufyan b, Tyayna gave up J: 









re than a thousand tr; 

is authority. Shu'ba related mi 
irmii hiiu anti others who were siit;m.itized as 'weak'. 

As in Ahm:,.l's complair.l ihat hc r.-.crJcd composite traditions without 
assigning the matter of thcm to the several contributors, their words 
agr-ccd liowew-r inany tlicy wcrc; and even itthcy Jid not yct thc ini-aimic, 
v-as iLlL-titic.il. Therc is a "tradition tlint Wathila b. al-Asqa' said: 'If I give 
v , , na ,ni i u i i , l i "lu precisc words that were used) 

that is sufficient for you.' Morcoccr, Muhammad b. Sirin said that hc 
used to hear traditions f,om tcn Jillt rtnl pc.iplc in icn different wordswith 
thc samc meaning. Ahmad's complamt that I.I. took other men's writings 
and incorporated them in his owri account cannot be regarded as scrious 
until it can be proved that he had no licence to repeat them. One must look 
te method of transmission if liic wrmls Jn nril plainly necessitate an 






ittdtis' li 



choicc.= Wher 

id the prophetic biography, he 



. imply that. If he L-v.pi-css]y 

Ahmad's son quoted 

legal matters though he saw how tolerant he 
make up the greater part of tlu M^tttK^ an 
^ljll tl * i l .( lu.ljtnlLi i ' niL urtrs tiNCN an c.ilcn- 

\s to Yahy - i i _ l i ustworthy but not authoritadve in 

1, L , J , 1L , , i , ,, i uiiii nnt I ir us that he is pronounced trustworthy. 
lf onlv mcn like jl-Tmari and V:ll.k hlic acceptablc there would he 
precious fcw acccptahle authoritics! Yahyii h. H.n'id probabiy bliudly 
inll.ncL.I .Malil; brnius,- lic h,-:ird ivum lnni whai Ilisham had said aDDUt 
1,1, His refusal to accept him as an authority in lcgal mauers has alreail; 
been dealt with under Ahmad, V:iln:"i made nn ilistinction between thcm 
and other traditions irt the way of complete acceptance or dowmright 

i liiiL-r rittncks on his reputatlon rest on points that are not c-tpl::ttu:cl anJ 
for tbe most part ihc agcnts :,-. nuf.iu, 1 ■ ■ i ui ki, I i i i :■ :■ '1 
al-Ti rniuiln and A bii I IStim b. Hibban (d. 354) accepted him as an authoriry. 

Thc rcfutation of his oppuin nt , ■■ rilr! i>.l ha bccn undertakcn were 
it not for the favourable verdict and praisc that the learned gave him. 
But for that > lc 1 1 g ml I hate sufficed to undermine his 



xl The Life of Mithammad 

srt»]-:^, since bi.it :. tn>. attacks on a man's good faith, explicit or not, are 
enough to destroy the reputation of one whose former rircumstanccs iirc 
not known when an impartial critic has not done him justice. 

In his book about trustworthy narrators Abu Hatim said that the two 
men who attacked I.I. were Hisham and Malik. The former denied that 
he had heard traditions from Eatim.:. fk:t :v]j ; r ;,■■ ,:.iii dr.cs nnl impuL';: 
mcns veracity m hadith, for 'followers' like al-Aswad and ■Alujima hcaid 
'A'isha's voke without seeing hcr. Similarly 1.1. used to hear Fatima 
whcn the curtain was let down berween them. As for Malik, what he said 
atterwards he did him justice. Nobody in thc Hija: 






in I.I., an 






Maiik was a frecd slave of Dhtj Asbah while Malik alleged that he was a 

when Maiik compiicd tb.c Mu^-anu 1,1.. saul, 'Bring it to me for I am its 
veterinary surgeon." Hearing t.i this Miiiik said: '!]<; ts an antichrist; he 
reports traditic-ns on the authority of the Jews.' The quarrel lasted until 
IX decided to go to Iraq. Then they were reconciled and MaUk gave him 
50 dinars and half his datc crop as a parting gift. Malik did not intend to 

lollowing the Jews who had become Muslims and learning the story of 
Khaybar and Qurayza and al-Nadir and similar (otherwise) unattested 
' -" . In his Maghani I.I. used to leam from 












Maiikhimscltt. 

The author e 

chailengc to MSl 


ds by re 
k'sArab 


:::: 


ustworthy tru 
ng that I.I. 
rybecauseal- 


The Translatian 








I have endeavoured to 
sacrificing English idiom. 
without making any att 


fr.lli 
mpt 


w the test a. 



doggerel by doggerel and to try to put poor rhymes into rhymes that could 
not be worse. Inevitably some cxactness is lost, but the general sense and 

The book is very long atld I have made a few cuts where no loss can 
result; e.g. I.H.'s recurring formula 'This verse occurs in an ode of his' 

I . , , iu ] b uii 1 11 1 "l"i.i- lliat ll.r I ., vhich is gcnerally 

1 . 111 t , '.. , 11 1 h. ! sli utcncd 

dialogues in oratio recta irtto indirect speech in accordance with English 
practicc un.t-ss tlie ipsissima verbu of the speaker secmed callcd for naturally, 



Introduction xli 

after the rirst mention of the people eoncerned. 

My predecessors in translaiini; ■.' - '■■ -,:..v :;.us:,:kcs snd 

I cannot hopc to havc escaped all the pitfalls. Of Weii's translation, now 
nearl) a century old be it remcmbered, Noldeke wrotc': 'Die t)bersetzung 
i.i, l.Uil-ti ^i i-r.j 1 . I „ hcholfen, and auch philologisch 

nich mehr geniigend. Die grosse Wichtigkeit des Werkes wurde eine 
neue Ubertragung rcclitlertigen'; ■■ li:U V.c]li,i'.us.'n's translation of al- 
Waqidi evades the didiculties of the text by silence. The poetry of the 
Sira, as Noldeke said long ago of the poetry on Badr, 'is not easy to trans- 
late because ot' 11, ,uperficial commentary of Abu 

Dharr is nD help at all'. 2 

The Text 

I have followed the pagination of the excellent textm recepius of Wusten- 
feld's edition 1858-60; but the text I have actually used is the Cairo edition 
of 1355 u)37 produced in four parts by Mustafa al-Saqqa, Ibrahim 
al-Abyari, and 'Abdu'l-Hafiz Shalabi which prints at the, bottom of the 
page most of the notes from Abu Dharr-and Suhayli that W. relegated to 
the second volume of his altogether admirable editio: ~ 



hail >t 









.•11 I ha 



i,.V.j 



THE EDITOR IBN HISHAM 

in Basra and died at Fustat in Egypt 



in2i8or2!3. Krenkow, 
latr r.-' Besi Jes editing the present work he made use of l.l.'s lcarmng in hia 
K. al-Tijan which derives from Wahb b. Munabbih. The principles which 
guided him in his ■ ith his predeccssor's work he has 

outlined in lus Introrluclinn, and they need not be repeated here. He was 
a philologist of some repute, and he was able to air his knowledge in the 
shaaahid hc produces to illustrate the meaning of unusual words. These 



lines, divorced as they are from thei 


conte-.t, form some of the most 


dimcult of all the difficulties of the Sira 


and are of course for the most part 


unneccssary now that the Arabs have p 




Occasionally he is hclpful with his gen 






pretationofalineinI.I.'swork. 




I.H. omitted or knew nothing of. 


e.g. W. 183 = Suhayli 183; W. 327 = 


S. ii. 2f. He also (ii. 278 = W. 



a mistake in one of LH.'s 

v > H, li, ii. \,in I 



x lij Tke Li/e o/ Muhammad 

Probably the fault lay with I.H., for he was in touch with Yunus as he says 

/i mo aUAamni Yitnus on p. 387. 

missian of 'Amr b. Umayya ivhom the prophet sent to kill Abii Sutyjn 
b. Harb and how hc lonk dmt n dtt corpsc of Khubayb from the cross to 
whici he was tied (p. 993). T. rccords l.T.s ycr.-t.oii of this story which is 
far superior to the garblcd version of I.H., 









^ Ublyt-i' 



vine. Thi 1 1 1 urd; trunk of a tree 

capable of bearing a rti.iiys btidy.i ocik! h.trdiy h.wc- been moved by one 
man more than a iew jarck 1 1 1. 1 I 1 , by, and I.I.'s own 

account is miicii rnorc cotiyincing. 'Ainr rclt-ttscd ihc body froro the tree, 

.; c : :!.':■:■ 

atter hini, tlrcppcd ilic boJy v.iv a ihud, anci midc i>li as fast as he could. 

There is an interesting notc in S. ti. 363 whicb sbows that I.H.'s error 

was pcrceived in carly tlays. Ile adds that there is a pleasing addition to 

the story in the Musnad of I. Abu Shayba to the effect tltat ulien they 

suppose that I.H.'s story lies midway hetween the actual facts and this 
incredible nction. The unfortuii;'tc' ma:i's hocic cchich *Amr had made a 
gallant but unavailing attempt to r 11 1 lni" 1 ti t 1 1 i: 1 1 

theground; thc nc\i sicp ca, ro ritt u :::,: scnibkince ofhiiri.il in t, nttrurtil 

by a miracle.' 

", I , 111 t • pkiinci , III I il 1 1 nr tln 1 1 1 1 

said nothing about the abortive attempt to assassinate Abu Siifv.m ;md ihc 
equally lmsuccessful effort to recnver Khubayb's body. If I.I. said nothing 
at ali about either matter, how came it that I.H. dealt with them? Since we 
kno» that 1,1, reported what had happcned from traditions that were 
transmitted by 'Amr's own family and that they existed in ora! ttnt! writrcn 
form for ccnturies aftcrwards, we cannot but suspect that I.H. has tampered 
with the evidencc. 

Perhaps his greatcst service is his critical observations on the authenti- 
city of the poetry of the Sira, not only when he records that all, ar some, 
authorities reject certain poems altogether but also when he corrects I.I., 
ttnd assigns icrses to their true author. 2 Suyutl thought highly of him, 
He reportcd that Abu Dharr had said that I.H. produced one of the four 

: - 1 . 1 1 .1 ■. 1 . - statcs that I.H. wrote a book explaining the dirticttlt c.tmls in 



I of the Sira. Suhayli's words ii 



This fragment consists of twenty e« 
some being the sayings of the prophet on a given 
stories from his Iife. The collector enpressly assertl 
existed in ten parts, so that the inferencc that the 

rly sate. The last 
There is an ijata reaching from MOsa (141) to the 
Hurayra b. Muhammad b. al-Naqqash (782). 



rplete with their isndds, 
that the original work 

t.ptlli.lll:,.- 






mlr.il 



dullah b. T 



the aposlle say, 'While I uas asleep I dreamt that I w; 

with watcr. Whcu i asked who it was they said 'Isa b. Maryam. Then 
1 tiirnetl atcay when lo a red man, heavy, with curly hair, one eyed; it 
5eemed as though his eye was a grape swimming (in water), When I asked 
who it was they said The Antichrist. The man most like him is Ibn 
Qatan al-KhuEa'I.' 

This tradition is similarly rcported in BukhM ii. 368. 19-369. 4. It 
slioiild bc eompared with I.I. 269, alsu from al-Zuhri, where thc prophct 
is said tn bave seen 'Isa during his mi'raj, with moles or freckles on his 
facc appearing like drops of water. Thercic::, . . 

presumably reiers to the two thieves on the cross. 

2. Ibn ShihSb: The tirst to hold Friday prayers for the Muslims in 
Medina before the apostle was Mus'ab b. Tinayr. I. Sliiit,ib ro]J uj 

dicting this. 

i, 83. 2$ ; the second apparently 
111. 1. 04. 

3. 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. Malik b. Jushum al-Mudliji from his father 
Malik from his brother Suraqa b. Ju'shum: When the aprisllc went out 
from Mecca migrating to Medina Quraysh oJTered a reward of 100 camels 
taanyonewho woi: : ,.. inyalnistc theapostie'. 

This passagc is in all cssential respccts the same as I.I. 331-2, though 
there are many verbal dirTerences. Obviously the version in I.I. has been 
touchedup and M I lorm. Cf. BukMrl 

iii. 39, 41 and Waqidl (Wellh. 374). 



The Ufe oj Muhammad 
) alleged that 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr saii 






5. N5fi' from 'Abdullah b. 'Umar: Some of tln. apostk's 
said to him, 'Arc you speaking to dead men ?' He answered, 
hrar wlint I sjv b.ttcr than they.' 

So Bukh. iii. 70. 17, iS, and cf. I.I., pp. 453 f . » hcre ' 
'A'isha arc quoted to refute the statement that the dead hear 
but they do not hear. 

6. I. ShihSb fcom Anas b. Milik: Some Ansar asked t 
pcrmission to remit to their sister's son 'Abbas his ransom, an 
■\'o bv Allah, vou shall not kt him off a single farthing!' 

So Rukh. iii."f.Q. 1, a a„d cf. T. 1,141, I. Qut. Ma'6rij, 77- Sachau in 
linding atraiL£c the claim to relationship bctwcen 'Abbis and the AnsSr 
seems to have forgotten that the grandmother of 'Abbas was Salma d. 
"Ans il I- jl Q iiukh.iL 3SS. iS f. for the same claim. 

7. I. ShihSb from 'Abdu'1-RahmSn b. Ka'b b. MSlik al.Sulami and other 
traditinnisis: ' Wrii I). -Mrdik b, [. ,'i'a. , who was called 'the player with the 
spcars', camc tu thc apostlc whcn ],c v,a. :: polythcist acid thc apostle 
explaincdIslamtohimandherefusedtu.1vi.1p 1 II 1 1] 

* ut he refused it saying that hewr ■'"' -- 









_ je surety for thcm.' So the apostle se 

im vcere al-Mrmdliir h. 'Amr al-Sa'idi, of whom n v.as sa,d'he 
1 his death',' as a spy among the Najd folk. When 'Amir b. 
rd about them hc tried to call out B. 'Aniir against thero, but 

_ w cd to ohey hini in yiolating the promisc of security given by 

\ II | i , litlcdtoH Sula.mand.hc. 1 . II 

killed them in Bi'r MiiTina ccccpt 'A.nr h. L ma;ya al-Pamrl w' 
al-Tufayl cSptured and afterwards reteased. "" 



!'ufa;[ kt 






nt than that giv 



_. Whenhc 
LH. 648 f. 



i443f.;Waq.(Wcll)33 

8. Ismall b. Ibrahlm b. 'Uqba from Salim b. 'Abdullah from 'Abdullab 
h. 'Umir: Simrc- rucn conlcsteii llic Icadership t)f l.sania, and the apostle 
iose and s:tid: Tf you contest the leadership of Usama you used to contest 
,!,_ ,1 . 1 l.ii lid b_fore him. By Allah he was worthy to be 

leader. He was one of the dcarest of all men to irie, and this man (his son) 



is one of the deare 

C 1. Biikh. 1.1. 44 



Sachau explains this frr 
says that if Fltima 









t: I grieved ovcr mv peopl 

Arqam (d. 68) wrotc to m 

.,: rhc apostle sa 

id wc implore Thy grace o: 



) oral tradition. 



wlio v.civ killeJ in the harra. Then Zayd b. 
when he heard of my great grief to sa 
'O God forgive the AnsSr and their s 
their grandsons'. 

Similarly I.H. 886. 12 and W5q. (W.) 380. 

11. 'Abdullsh b. al-Fadl: Some men who were with him (Anas) asked 
him about Zayd b. Arqam and he said, Tt is he of whom the apostle sard, 
"This is he on whoro AHah has bestowed much through his ear".' 

He had heen an informer, cf. I.H. 726. In place of 
bi-udhmlii I.H. 727. 17 has aufa nlilldhi bi-udhnihi. It se 
likely that the variant is due to misreading than to 
(B.M. MS. 1617, f. 9S") h^ «o/at «dkmka . . . wa-saddaqa Uahu 

12. I. Shihai) from Sa'id b. al-Musayyib from 'Abdullah b. 
M.lik: The apostle said that day to Bilal, 'Get U| 
betiever will enter paradise, and that God will r 
an evil man.' Thts happcned when the man who 
of the inhabitants of hell was mentioned. 

13. From NSfi' b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar: After the conqui 
tlrc |wvs askcd thc apostlc to lct thtm t r ll» , 1 1 , it ' 
worked the land for half the date crop. He said : 'We will allow ; m. to do so 

so hmg as nr -isii. Jtid they remained there thus until 
'Umar «.pelled them. [Herc six or seven words are missing] saying 'The 
rpostlc laid down threc things in i 1 , 1 " ' that the Rahawi 

V n Inr . S.l.iii)) 1 I \l 1 111 vc I nd which pro- 



m the apostle 












nt religions should not be allowed to 
I.H. 776 except that the Saba 'iyiin 
ottoletjew 



a b. at-Zubayr from Marwan b. al-Hakam ac 



Tke Lije oj Mutu 

b. V! :.!; hr. ...... : When thc aposlle 



For the c 



:e I.H. 877. 



16. I. Shihab from Sa'Td b. al-Musayyib and 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr: The 

cai.ti.vs nf llawSidn wboiri llie jpostlc rcluinccl Mere 6,000 men, women, 
and children. lle eiL,' s..„,e woit.c.i ,vbo had fallcn to some men of 
Quraysh— among whom werc 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. *Auf and Safwln b. 

Cf. W5q. (W.) 375. 

17. Iama'11 b. IbrahTm b. 'Uqba from his unde MTisa b. 'Uqba from I. 
.;..!e thc pilgrimage of complction in 






, rhenl 



ittingor 



,fi, f. Shihiih *',-,.„, 'U,,va b, al-7.ut.avr i'rom aj-Uiswar b. Makhrama 
im 'Amr b. 'Auf, an ally of B. 'Amlr b. Lu'av\ ivlin had bcen at Badr 
lli llu LjKi-jk '"hr apusllc sent Alifi'Ul,ai.la i>. al-Jarr5h ti) lirini; tl.e 
11 t;.;-.. tk: bjd tnade peace with the people of al-Bahrayn and set over 
al-Hadrami. Wlicn AbcTUhaydci c-ame from al-Bahrayn 



th the money the Ai 



. Whcn they s.i 






Seeing them he 

Abi". 'I bnyclii and that he has brought something.' When they agreed he 

acldcd: 'Rcji.icc and hope for what ,vill gladden you. By Alkh it is not 



- 


e and will be led astra 


y like those 


cfoi 






SoBukt 


iii. 68. 18 f. 












19. Sa'd 


b l|,;;ibiiii Ji-om Ibrahim b 


'\lx 


'Ai.l 'Abil.i' 


!-!'..-hT„;„ 


b. *Auf was with 'U 








he Ithe b. 






sword. But God kn 








keit, The 


\i , ',1 • 


- " ' ' 


iiiklrcsm-il the pcople 














as I cager for authuritc [im, 






1 I v,i.ni il 




pleasurein 


secTclK ..r pichlicly. 
authority. I have bee 


','in™ 


tedw 


r.lid 
ll, 1 


of disorder 


I take no 




the strength and can 




ope with 


' ;r <''» ] '-■ 


c, .,„. tlu- 


;.;,-, :,c.lh. 


would that he who 


iii thc 




strc 


ngth for it 


ccre 1,1 my 






al-'Acvv. 



c most ....Lirthy of supreme 
cs the one with the apostle in 
iniority; and the apostle put 
him in chsrge of the prayers while he was still with us.' 

A few comments on this brief anthology will not be out of place here. 
No. II clearly deals with the vexed question of the future state of the 
wicked Muslim, while No. 18 is a post esentum prophccy. Inevitably they 
arouse doubt in the mind of the reader. 

]'r .,:, tbis selcction as a whole we can see where the sympathies of the 
collector lay. Tbus, al-Zubavr's generosity to Muhammad and Abii 
' 1 , rdedil 4 I li 1 1 Th I 1 I I 

tion ■.!■.: brushed aside in No. 9; while No, 19 states th.it Wll wplicitly 
accepted Abu Bakr as Muhammad's successor. No. 6 shows that al-'Abbas 

tion. No. 10 mouri lli ..: Fth n. 1 Is lt .1 Ilarra in 1 r irds 

that the prophet implored God's blcssing on ll , 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 III " 

Clearly Musa's s,„,pa hici l,,, ,.ri: th..- f;-ii::ilv „1 :il-Zubayr and the 
Ansilr. Thcv aloicc' emerge wilh credit. The Alids, on the other hand, 
arcno bettcr ib.m ai.Yoiic clse; tbe Umayyads arc iniplieitly cn.demncd 
for the slaughter at al-Harra; and al-'Abb& is shown to have been a rebel 

Miisa b. "1 



IN THE NAME 0F GOD, THE COMP ASSION ATE 

THE MERCIFUL 

PRAISE BELONGS TO GOD THE LORD OF THE 

WORLDS AND MAY HIS BLESSING BE UPON 

OUR LORD MUHAMMAD AND HIS FAMILY, 

ALL OF THEM' 



Muhammad was the son of 'Abdullah, b. 'Abdu']-Miittalib (uhnsc iimtie 
was Shayba), b. Hishirn (whose name was 'Amr), b. 'Abilii M "il M .,, 
name was al-Mughlra), b. Qusayy (whose name was Zayd), b. kiiiih, b. 
Murra, b. Ka'b, b. Lu'ayy, b. Clialib, h. Fihr, h. Malik, b. i,l-\adr, b. 
Kinana, b. Khuayma, b. Mudrika (whose name was 'Ami.ii. b. llySs, 
h. Mudar, b. \iz.ir, b. Ma'adCi, b. 'Adii;!n, b I dd (01 l.w.iii. h .\i.u;'.iw- 
wam, b. Niihiir, b. Tayrah, b. Ya'ruh, b. Yashjub, b. Niihir, b. Isniii'il, 
b. Ibrihim, the ti r 1 nh <who is Azar), 

I,. Nsluir. h. Sameh. b. R,l'u, h. Falikh, h. 'Avbar, h. ShJ.hkh, h. A: f:iht,- 
shadh I Siru h \u ,1 I iui , \, I, \lt,n,-ikh,nhoisthe 

praphet Idrls acccdhig to w liat ihc> allrge, 1 but God knows best (he was 
the nrst of the sons of Adam to whom prophecy and writing with a pcn were 
given), b. Yard, b. Mahlll, b. Cjaynan, b. Yimsh, h. Bliith, b. Adani (io).* 



Ismj'il h. Ibriihim begat twclvc sons: Nabit thc eldcst, Qaydhar, Adhbul, 
Mabshi, Misma', Mishi, Dimma, Adhr, Tayma, Yatur, Nahish, Q:iyii- 
huma. Their mother was Ra'la d. Mudid b. 'Amr al-Jurhuml (tl). 
Jurhum was the son of Yaqtan b. 'Aybar b. Shalikh, and [Yaqtan was)' 
Qahtin b. 'Aybar b. Shiilikh. According to report IsmCCii l:\cd i ;o ycirs, 



4 The Life of 

5 and when he died hc was buried in 

beside his mother Hagar (12). 



s' of the K 



... „. 'Ubaydullah b. Shihab at-Zuhrt told me 

RahrnJn h. 'Abdullah b. Ka'b b. Malik al-Ansari, also called 

i him that the apostle of God said: 'When you conquer 

? .-ople well. for they can claim our protection and kinship.' 

utmourkinaitdhe 

replied that Hagar, the mother of Isma'Il, was of their stock (13). 

' A J h 'Aas b. Tram b. Sam b. Nuh and Thamud and Jadls the two sons 
, \, , | , , | tol uh,andTasmand'Im[aqand(., 
of Lawidh b. Sam b. Nuh are all Anba. 

and the line runs: Ya'rub-Tav:., ; dad-'Adnan (14)- 

From 'Adnan the tribes desc, I ]>ht off. 'Adnan had 

two sons, Ma'add and 'Akk (14). Ma"add had four sons: Nizar, Quda'a 
(he being his firaf born he was caled AbO Qudi'a), Qunus, and Iyad. 
Qudaa went to the Yaman to Himyar b. Saba' whosc name was Abdu 
Shams ; the reason why he was calkd Saba' was that he wr~ '^' fi 
the Arabs to take captiyes. He was th 

Oahtan (15). Of Qunus b. Ma'add aL 

hir king of al-HIra 
belonged to their tribe. Al-Zuhri told me thit this Nu'man belonged to the 
ia'add(l6). 
Ulbab. al-Mughira b. al-Akhnas told me that a shaykh of the 
AnsSr of B. Zurayq told him that 'Umar b. al-Khattab, when he was given 
the sword of al-Nu'min b. al-Mundhir, sent for Jubayr b. Mat'im b. 
'Adiy b. Nautal b. tj y (he being the best genealogist 

of the Qunaysh and indecd of aU the Arabs and claimed to have been 
' by Abu Bakr who waa the greatest genealogist of the Arabs) and 
it on him. When he asked who al-Nu'man was, Jubayr replied that 
a survivor of the tribe of Qunus b. Ma'add. However, the rest of the 
Arsbs assert that hc belonged to the Lakhm of the Rabl'a b. Nasr. Only 
God knows the truth (17). 



,n of Yashjub b. Ya'rub b. 






nd astrologer in his kingdom and said : 'I have had » 



m and we wiil tell you its meaning.' 'lf 
! no confidence in your interpretation ; for 



id Satih, fortheyknew m 



b. Yashkur b. Ruhm b. 



The Life of Muhammad 5 

man who knows its meaning ia he who knows about the vision 
..... ...11,.... ,,,,„ * Tl.. m . mn r.nr nf liiem recommended him to 

ian others and would bc i i 
)i' b. Rabi'a h. Ma.s'u.! k 
b. MSzin Ghassan. Shiqq was the son of Sa'b, 
irak, b. Qasr b. 'Abqar b. Anmar b. Nizar, and 
imar was the father of Bajiia and Khath 'am (18). 
So hc sent for them and Satih arnved first. Thc king thcn repcatcd his 
words, ending, 'If you know the vision you will know what lt roeans.' 

A fire you did see 
Come forth from the sea. 
It feU on the low country 
And devoured alt that be. 
The king agrecd that this was esactly what he had scen, and what was 
the meaning of it all ? He answered : 

By the serpcnt of the lava plains I swcar 
The Ethiopians on your land shall bear 
Ruling from Abyan to Jurash cverywhere. 
Thekingcxd n » 1 . ' ' " '" IL ' ' ' "' '' 

things come to pass^in his time or arter him? He replicd agam ... 
rhyme] that more than sitty or scvcnty years must iirst pass Would the 
i No, an end would be put to .t after scvcnty 
years or more; then they would be slain or driven out as fugitives. Who 
would do this? Iram b. Dhu Yazan, who would come against them from 
Aden and not leave one of them in the Yemen. Further quest.ons drew 
the intormation that thcir kingdom «miU not last, but a pure prophet to 
whomrevelationcamefromo« ' hc would 1'h 

a man of the sons of Ghalib b. Fihr b. Malik, b. al-NaJr. i lis dom.n.im 
would last to thc end of timc. Has time an cnd ? askcd the king. _Yes, 
replied Satlh, the day on which the nrst and the last shal 
the righteous for happiness, the cyildoers for miseiy. Arc 
the tnith ? thc king asked. 

Yes, by the dark and the twilight 
And the dawn that follows the night 
Verily what I have told you is right. 
Later Sbiqq arrived and the king acquainted 






at he might sc 









at they a E 









•hitK I" 



By the men of the plains I i 

The blacks on your llnd shall bear 

Ruck your little ones from your care 

Ruling from Abyan to Najran everywhere. 
The king put the same questions to him and learned that after his tir 
There shall deliver you from thcm one nii^iity, crca: ui namc 
And put them to rhe utmost shame. 



Hecontinuedin answcr t" thc 11 i n Jua , i u ,i 1. i 

i . I i lial [ , [i li i i) :ip i II :r jtruthandjustice 

aniiiTig n:cn of reii^ion anj ci among his people 

until the Day of Separation, the day on which those near God will be 
rewardcd,, on which demands from heaven will be made which tlic q,i:ck 
a:i,l Jc.;J v,ill liccr, ::i, ;i will be gathered at the appointed place, the God- 
2 fearing to receive salvation and blessing. By the Lord of hcavcn and earth, 
11 r 1 1 il i 1 I, I I have told you but the truth in 

which no doubt (amd) lies { irjj. 

What these two men said made a deep impression on Rabl'a b. Nasr and 
lu iisicii; :c,l his sons and family to Iraq with all that they might need, 
giving them a letter to the Persian king Sibur b. Khurrazadh »1» 1; t [licm 
settle in al-Hira. 

Al-Nu'mSn b. .1 i I i : i ii I 



al-Nu'i 



inhisline 
b. Mundhir b. 'Amr b. 'Adly b. Rabi 



::,i-\lll 



,.Nasr( M ). 



When Rabl'a b ^ , 1 ih I, ' , ngd, m of thc Yaman fell into the 

hanJs rif I.Iassan h. Tiban A»'ad Alia Karib. (Tiban As'ad was the last 
Tubba", the son of Kuli Karib b, Zayd, Zayd being the iirst Tubba' son 
of 'Amr Dha-1-Adh *ar b. Abraha DhB-l-Maniir b. at-Rish (2i) b. 'Adiy b. 
Sayfi b. Hahii' al-Asgharb. Ka'b— Kahf al-Zulm-b. Zayd b. Sahl b. 'Amr 
b. Gays b. Mu'5wiya h. Jusham b. 'Abdu Shams b. Wl'il b. al-Ghauth b. 
Qa!an b. 'Arib b. Zuhayr b. Ayman b. al-Hamaisa' b. al-'Aranjaj, the 
latter is Himyar b. Saba'a!-Akbar b. Ya'rub b. Yashjub b. Qah!an (22).) 



. Thereupon b 



The Ufe of Muharr, 
AbGKaribwhowentto 
jbis from thence. He at 



with the 



d 1 the sacred temple and 
f Rabl'a b. Nasr (23). K 
cledina without harming 

tion of dcstroying the 
lown its palms. So this 
leadership of 'Amr b. 



tribc of the Ansar gathercd together 

Talla the brother of B. al-Najjar and oue u. u. ™„> - ..«.™. — •■ — 
dhul'5 nam, was 'Amii b. M.ilik b. al-Najjar; and al-Najjar s name was 
Taym All.ih b. Tha'!aba b. 'Amr b. al-Khazraj b. Haritha b. Thalaba b, 

linr b. 'Amir (24). 

Now a man . 1 I 1 1 1 » ir ii.ul i.ill , 

,:f ,1,,. loltuwcrs of Tubba' wben he brought thcm to Medina an.l I 

,:,„ bccauscti. nitl Im.i amniiir his palms c.ilttm; the da:. ■clustcrs: 
hc strucli liiin v,lih his sickk- a.,J killcd lnm, saving "1'hc iru.l bcl.in;- tu 
thc man whu c.iltiialcs it.' This enraged the Tubba' agamst thcm .u)J 
t, I ,1 , I 11 1 1 I I 1 ,1 111 ' ' ' ' •' ' 

, ls mi.-sis hy nieht. Tubba' wasamazcd at this and uscd 



illcl 



tc, sav: ' i,c Go;l ocir pc-pic 
While Tubba' was o,~- 
rabbis from Ii. Qurayza 
nnkiuim. illii.ii '4 
b. nl-Sib, h. al-Yasa' h. S.i', 
'Aiarb. TirSh. liarii.ib. ' 
otherwisc callcd Isra'Il b, 

lnteiillon to destroy ,hc n 



ipied in this righting tt 



.p his design, departed fr 



, .tnorAsad, 
> li i r, ll,,_ i-itli thc morning star catne 

Clad in long mail, of pungent smell. 
Whom shall we make for, 
The Banu Auf or the Najjar ? 

SLircty the Hriritl-J-NaijLil-, 

(God prolong his 1::, t':>: lljc ■tL-ItaiT :,:' his people). 

:: l: ■■■■■■ ^ ; ■ ; : ■ : : 

this tribe of the Jcws wtm wt-rc ]iving amting them and that it was only 
his intentitm to tlestroy them, but they protected them until he went his 
way. Therefore in his Yerse he said: 

In rage against two Jewish tribes who live in Yathrib 

Who richly dcserve the punishment of a fateful day (25).' 

Now the Tubba' and h*s people were idoiaters. He sct out for Mecca 

which was on his way to rhe Yaman, and when he was brtween ' Usfan and 

S Amaj' somc mcn of thc Hudhayl b. Mudrika b. Ilyas b. Mudar b. Nizar b. 

Ma'add came to h 1 1 ir ' 1 1 1 1 v t 1 1 id you to an ancicnt 

treasury which former kings have overlooked? It contains pearls, topaz, 

tt-mpk- :n Mt-ttca which its people worshipped and whcre thcy prayed. But 
the real intention of thc Hudhaylis was to ericornpass his destructtOD, for 
they knew that any king that treatcd it with disrcspect was sure to die. 
Tr ;i. iil: a;:r, cd (o thcir proposal he sent to the two rabbis and asked their 
opinton. Thcy told him that thc sole objcct of thc tribe was to destroy 
him and his army. 'W« know of 10 mher temple in the land which God 
haschosenforllim; 

all your men will perish.' The king asked them what he should do when 
he got there, and they told him to do what the people of Mecca did : to 



The Life of Muhrm, 
imbtilate the templc, 1 



to ticlan 



.,th i.:i 



ould ,11 



id left its predncts. 
Iti likc.cisc. They replied that 



The king askcd 
it «Ji indcetl ttic tomplt: til thcir tatlier Abrahatn, but thc iuois vvti.it. uiu 
inhabitants had sct up round it, and the blood which they shcd there, 
prcscntttt 311 inst.pcrablc obstacle. They are unclean polytheists, said they 
— or words to that eHect. 

: he soundness and truth of thein 
the men from the Hudhayl and cut off their hanc 



ds the king summoned 



l Hei 



ul the K 






lns hcad, staying thcre six days (so they say) sa 
distributed to the people and giving them honey to umut. 

lt 1 1, r vt 1] i 1 1 ,,,vcr thc temple, so 

he wtt-rcd it wirh wucen palm branchcs; a later cisitin showctl him that Itt 
must do bettcr so in- ov.nu it with '. 'atnani cloth; a third vision induced 
him to dothe it with rine striped Yaman cloth. People say that the Tubba' 

guardians to keep it clean and not to allow blood, dead bodies 






5 cloths t 



a door ai 



a kcy for 



d. al-Ahabb b. Zsbina b 


Jadhlma b. 'Atif b. Nasr b. Mu'awiya 


Hawlzin 




Ikrima b. Khasafa b. Qays b. 'Aylin 


eof'AbduManifb. K 


'b b. Sa'd b. Taym b. Murra b. Ka'b 


GhSIib 


■>. Fihr b. Mali 


b. Nadr b. Kinana. She had by him 






ing Dn him the sanctity of Mecca and 






in thete, she reminded him of Tubba' 


Tlility 111 


,„ Ili 


work there, in the Mbwing lines: 


son, opp 


ess neithcr the 


mean nar the great in Mecca. 






led away.' 










smitten and h 


.mwithnre. 




rtain knowledge that the cvildoer there will perish. 




t inviolate tho 


gh no castles are btiilt in its coiirl. 






and thc wildgoats onThabir* are safe. 


' tamc a 


gainst it, but 


overed its building with embroidcrcd 



God humbled his soyereignty there so hc ttil Tr,l Iii 

V. ' 

Its peopk he fed with the Hesh of Mahri camels. 

Gavetheml, :ird pure barlcy- 

(God) destroyed the army of the elephant, 

Theym 



in Persia and Khazar. 

Hearken therefore whcn you ;: 

And understand the end of su< 

Atterwards he set forth for the Y; 

•A his ov 



The Life of Muhammad 
iyed) their kingdom ill the farthest lands 



with hi 



il rhc n: 



ncw rcli^iuri, but thcy rcrusetl ui 
ordcal of rtre which was there. 

Abii iljhk h Itu'l.il.ih Uui Miiiil ' <"i t;>!tl me that hc heard 

Ibr.ll.fui b. .Ylubanuuu! h. T.illi.i h. '. haydailal ,-raic that when Ttibba' 

drew near to thc Yaman tlu- l.iiur.anlcs hloiknl his patti, iciiuing to 

thcm tn acccpl his rehgiou 011 tlu- eniuiui ih.al it was belter than theirs, 
lbtv proposed that the matter should be subject to the ordeal by nre. 
i lie Yam.inucs sa\ liuit a tire uscii ru scttlc roam-rs in dispute among thcm 
by consuming thc guilty and lctting the innoccnt eu scatlicicssi So his 
pcoplc went tiirth with Ihcir idols and sacred object 






i K in S lil 



the placc wht 

tullowcis cncnuiaged thcm and urged thcm to stand fast, so they held their 

Ktoimd iintii tlu: lirc tuteic.l Ihcni .iinl cuutuiut-il thcu idols and sacrcd 
I i i i i . I ic liicm. Ilut 1 t t tl 

thctr sacreil hiioks, sweating profuscly but otherwise unharmed. Thcre- 
iipun ;hc I.lin-y::i-itc» accepted thc kmg's rchgion. Sueli was the origin of 

Ar.orlu : iiuormant told me that the two parties only wetlt up to the 
fire to drive it back, for it was held that the one who succecdcti in tlrit ing 
it back was most worthy ol crcdence. When thc Hi-uyaritcs with thcir 
i.toh.ii rlodrh tiic fire hack, thc ftre came out against them and they 

tl I i nl 1 il i i : it VI r tt 1 i ii 

retitin» ihc Torah, the fire rcccded so that thcy drove it back to the place 
from which it had emerged. Thereupon the Jrlimyarites accepted their 
rcli.cion. liiii Gotl knows which report is correct. 
K N'u\v Ri'am was oiu- ol thc Uiuplcs .thicli thcy ueneratet! ar.d whcrc 
they offered sacriiices and received oracles when liiey werc polytheists. 
Thc two rabbis toltl Tubba' that it was merely a shaytan tilucli decciceii 
tlu-iii in llus way aiui llicy askcd to he alloweil to tlcal with it. When the 
.! :t lilack dog to come out of it anti (tiliet! it 



(T. Tubba' composed the Mlowing lincs about his cxpcdition, what he T. oc 
had imended to do witli Medina an.i tlu K.iiia. whal lu actually did to the 
mcn ot liuiilisyl, and how he adorned and puntie,: thc letuplc atui e.hat 
the two rabbis told him about the apostle of God : 

Why, O soul, is thy sleep disturbed like one whose eycs pain him ? 
Why dost thou suffer from perpetual msomnia, 

Who nchly deservc thc punishioent :e' a iu iul c.it : 

When I sojourned in Mcdma 

Calm and refreshing was niy sleip. 

! madc triy dwelling on a hill 

l-ict ii i- , i i . I !in|T' ul-G!urqad. 

We left its rocks and plateau 

salty plain 
And came down to Yathrib, and my breast 
SeethcJ with ar.ger at ttu- killmg ol'iti\ son. 



-' : . - . . 

', i I 1 i | ; rtspt-cleil. 

^Stand back from a eity tu-csi-rteti :' saiti hc. 
prophet of Quraysh true-guidc 
So i li:t';.,:t;- them without reproach 
I left them to the judgement ot tlu: I.tsl il.it 
To God whose pardon I hope for 
On the dsy of reckoning tluit I escapc tlic tl. 
Some of our peopk I left thcrt: for liitu, 
Mcu uf icputnlion and valour, 
Mcii who cany ]ilans to victory's end. 

Devoted to God in Mecca's vale, 
Till slavcs from Hudhayl came to me 

uff of Jumdan above al-Masnad. 

te of ancicnt wc;;l; 



wanted to seize them 
For God prevents destruction 
tp my purpose there 






Dr,u'l-Qarnayn before m E was a Muslim 
Conquered kings rhronged his court, 
East and west he ruied, yet he sought 
ae from a learned sage. 



Ruled them until the hoopoe ca 



When his son Hassan b. Tiban As'ad Aha Karib came to the thrt 
set out with the Yamamtes to subdue the land of the Arabs and Pe; 
However, when they reached a place m Iraq (27) the Himyant 
Yamaiute tribes were unwilling to go farther and wanted to retutn ti 
families, so they approached one 



tlM.il- 



id kill his brother they would 

;. so that he might lead thcm home again. Ile said that he 
would do so, and they all agrccd to join in the plot except IV. 
Himyarite. He forbade him to do this, but he would not heed, so Dhu 
Ru'aj n wrote the tollowing verses: 

Oh who would buy slecplessness for sleep ? 

Happy is he who passes the night in peace; 

Though Himyar have been treacherous, 

God will hold Dhu Ru'ayn blameless. 
Hesealedthedocumentandbroughtitto-Am-. «yirtg 'i eep*li ■ kfc 
you for me,' and he did so. Then 'Amr kilied his brother Hassan an^ 
returned to the Yaman with I 



: of the Himyarii 



The like of Hassan who has been slain! 
The princes slew him lest they should t 
On the morrow they said 'It is naughtl' 
Your dead was the best of us and your 
Is lord over us while all of you 



lords. 



•luhammad 13 

The words 'lababi labibi' mean 'no matter' in the Himyari language (28). 

When Amr b. TibSn returned to the Yaman he could not sleep and f 

insomnia took a fitm hold of him. Being much concerned at this, he asked 

the physicians and those of the soothsayers and diviners who were seers 

aboui his trouble. One of them said ; 'No man has ever killed his brother or 

kinsman ueacherously as you killed your hrother without losmg his slcep 

and becoming « prey to insomnia.' At this he began to UIUIl the noblcs 

who had urged him to murder his brother HassJn, till nnally he came to 

Dhu Ru'ayn who claimed that 'Amr held the proof of his lnnocencc, 

namely the paper which he had given him. He had it brought to h.m and 

when he had read the two verses he let him go, recognizing that he had 

given him good counsel.' When 'Amr died the Himyarite kingdom fell 

■ . i and the people split up into parties. 



HOW LAKHNI'A DHO SHANATIR SEIZED THE THRONE OF 

A Himyari who had no connexion with the royal house called Lakhni'a 
Yanflf Dhu ShanStir 1 arose and killed off their leading men and put the 
royal family to open shame. Of this man a certain Himyari recrted: 
Himyar was slaying its sons and exiling its princes, 
Destroying its wo Ynolous thoughts. 



constructed 
Then he used 
soldiers.Cwho, 



of the royal family and assault him in a 






pper chamber of his to his guards and 
put a toothpick in his mouth to let them 

his purpose. (T. Then he would release 

him and he would appear before the guards and the people utterly dis- 

dsy he sent for Zur'a Dhu NuwSs son of Tibah As'ad 

brother of Hassan. He was a little boy when Hassin was murdered and had 

handsome young man of character and intelhgence. When 



:d and took a fine sharp 
it under the sole of his foot and went to Lakhni'». As soon * 

Jone he attacked him and Dhu Nuwas rushed upon him and 

stabbed him to death. He then cut ofI his head and put it in the wtndow 



knife and hi 



i 4 The Life of Muhammad 

which overlooked the men below. He stuck the toothpick in his mouth 
and went out to thc guards, wbo 10 coatae language inquired what had 
happcned.' Ask that head,' he rcplied. Thcy Iookcd at the window and 
ih rt i iUiri i - hi i nitnlT S.ihi- . nl n pursuit uF Dhii Nuwas 

us of this disgusting fellow.' (29). 



They made him I ': ■>; him. He was the 

last of thc Yamanl kings and the man wbo had the ditch made. 2 He was 

In Najr.in tbere wtre some people' who held the religion of 'Isa b. 
Maryam, a virtuous and upright people who followed the Gospel. Their 
hcad was named 'Abdulkh b. al-Thamir. The place where that religion 
took root was in Najran, at that time the centre of the Arabs' country ; its 
people, and indeed thc rest of the Arabs, were idolaters. A Christian by 
the name of Faymiyun had sctticd thcre and converted the peaple to his 



:,.-.b;d, .1 iYccdnian <]f al-Akhnas, on the authority of 
the Yamani told me that the origin of Chrlstianity In 
nas a righteoos, eamest, 



is he bees 



inswered. He . 



;. Whilehe 



He used to keep SumL,:;. aa i daj of resl and would do no v 

was following his trade in a Syrian village withdrawing rilmself from men, 

was and felt a violent affection fnr him, so that unpcrceived by Paymiyun 
he used to follow him from place to place, untii one Sunday he went as 
hls wont was out into ihe dcs t-n fn!lni,cd by Salih. Salih chose a hiding- 
place and sat down where he could see him, not wanting him to know where 
he was. As Paymiyun stood to pray 2 tinnin, a scven-horned snake, came 






Tke Life of Muhammad 
11 raimiiun sawit he curse 



it and tearing for 

FaymiyCm's if.t - lil . iM 1 ml 1 'imsd n.l cried out: Taymi- 

Imlil hc liad endcd them. Night had come and he departed. He knew 
that he had been recogniied and Salih knew that he had seen him. So he 
asid to him: Taymiyun, you know that I have never lovcd anyilung as 

replied: As voo will. You know how I live and if you feel that you can 
ar the life well and good.' So Salih remained with him, and the people 



ofthi 



totdiac 



i way by chance h 



and was told that he never came when he was sent for, but that he was a 
man who built houses for people for a wage. Thereupon the man toak his 
son and put him in his room and thrcw a garment over him and went to 
Faymiyun saying that he wanted him to do some work for him in his house 
and would he come and look at it, and they would agree on a price. 
Arrived at thc house Faymiyun asked what he wanted done, and after 
giving details the man suddenly whisked off the covering from the boy 
and said: 'O FaymiyOn, one of God's creatures is in the state you see. 2= 
So pray for him.' Faymiyfln did so 1 and the boy got up entirely healed. 
Knowing that he had been recognized he lett the village followed by 
Siilih, and uhilc th.-y wcrc waltinrr ihrnuch Syria thcy passed by a great 
tree and a man called from it saying, Tve becn expecting you and saying, 
"Whcn is he coming?" until I heard your voice and kncw it was ycu. 
Don't go until vou liacc pravcd <>vi-r iny grave for I am about to die.' He 
did die and he prayed over him until they buried him. Then he left 
Inli.meii hv SSlih until they reached the land of the Arabs who attacked 
them, and a caravan carried thcm off and sold them in Najriin. At this tlmc 
the peopk af Najran Mlowed the religion of the Arabs worshipping a great 
palm-tree there. Every year they had a festival when they hung on the 
tree any fine garmcnt'they could find and women's jewels. Then they 
sallied out and devoted the day to it. 1 Faymiyiin was sold to ane nobie and 
Salih to another. Now it happened that when Etymiyuii was praymg 
earnestly at night in a house which his master had assigned to him the 
whole hinisc was rilled with light so that it shone as it were wtthout a lamp. 
His master was amaied at the sight, and asked him ahout his religion. 
Faymiyun told him and said that they were in error; as for the palm-tree 
, „ I. t„ rl„r help nor hurt ; and If he were to cursc the trec in the name 



The Ijj, >\f Muhammad 



Yazid b. Ziyad told mi 
worship idols. Najran 



al-Thamir scnt h 



t purifying himself and 
the trce and God scnt a 
st it on the ground. Thcn 



>n thc authm ity of Muhammad b. Ka'b al-Qurazi, 
) told mc, that aecnrding to his pcoplc they used to 
llic Urges: tnun m wlnch the people of the neigh- 

ot call him by the name that Wahb b. Munabbih 
lid a man came thcre— he put up a tent hetween 






>f Isla 



of Godand worslii:n-i..l Uini. 
nefullyill 



■n hc be 



Name of God. Although he knew i 
kept it from him, .,.:vi:i«: 'M> dear yming mr.iv >"ii will nnl be sl> 
l.car it , I tcar that you are not strong enough,! Now al-Thimir ha< 
hica th.it his son 'Abdullah was not visitins thc M.iccter along witli 
ithct young men. 'Abdullah seeing that his master had kept thc k 



ftov. 












The Lije 0] Muhammad 

Thereatter whemyer 'Abdullah b. al-Thamir entered Najrai 
any sick person he would say to him, 'O servant of God, will yoi 
ledge the unity of God and adopt my religion so that I may pr; 
that he may heal you of your affliction V Thc man would agree, acl 
the unity of God, and become a Muslim, and he would pray for h 
k healed, until in the end there was not a single sii ' 



Wiu-n Ih 






religion an 



cached the kin^ 

opposed my religion and thc rcli|>:;>n of my fail: 
example of you I' He replied : ' You have not tl 
king had him taken to a high mountain and thro 
rcaclicil ilic grouod unhurt. Then he had him 
Najran from which no one had ever emerged ali 






dng then acknowledged the unity of God and pr 

: :; :: . . 



accepted the religio 

ongin oi Christi.i 

men of Najran about 
happened. 
DhO Ni 



mthe spot, Thc peoplc of Najian 
-Thamir according to the Gosptl 

.::l:t. Airerwards thcy wcrc over- 



in Najran. But God knows best (what I 

of Muhammad b. Ka' b. al-Qurazi an 

al-Thanur, but God kno' 



itween that or deatb: tliey elir.sc 

ul liilleu ucarly twcnty thiiiisand 
hat army of his God revealcd to 



The suffcrings of thc faithful, dire! 
They only tormented them because they believed i 
God the Mighty, the Worthy to be Praised (30).' 



The IJJe i,f Muhammml 
> those put to death by Dhii Nuwas \ 



told by 'Abdullab b. M>S Baia 1 

t*as told that in the days uf l nia 
ane of the ruins of Najran inicndi. 
iieupoii 'Ahdullah b. al-Thamir t 



,d lu- ['L-plioi: 'I.L.lYl hi -:. .d' 



ts placc and the rlow of blood ceased. On r 
' " ' ay Lord'. A rcport Liiis scnMu 'I m 






The Lije af Mul 



third of thc womcn and children 
reduced it to subjection.) 
;nibering how Daus had brought the Abys- 

Not like Daus and not Iike the things hc carricd in his saddle bag. 
And this saying has become proverbial in the Yaman until this day. 

Dhu Jadan the Himyari (T recording tbeir humiliation after their former 
gloryandAryat'sdestructionnl i -I i I 5 r Bn, and Ghumdan 

unique in their splendour) recited: 

Gently! Tears tannot recall wbat is sped. 
Fret not thyself for those who are dead. 
After Bayniin no stones nor trace remain, 



i.i .Itter 



es which Aryat destroyed 



A man of Saba' called Daus Dhu Tha'laban escaped on a horsc, and taking 

to the desert eluded the.iii.- Ili pr.:s>cd on unttl he reached the I>yzantinc 

court, whcn hc asked the emperor to aid him against Dliu 

6 troops, telling him what had happcned, The latttr replied that his country 

' was too distant for him to be able to help by sending troops, hut that he 

l l I < I istl ™ and whose 

tcrritorv waa uear the Yainan. Accoidiugly he did write ordermg him to 

help D; 



th the en 



to the Negus 

seventy thousand Abyssinians, putting 

(T. He ordered him to kill a third of t 






man called Aryat. 
vaste a third of the 
o if he conauered.) 

CU!I!.LIV. ,UIU .-Ll/.L - ....... ." — ..,■■■— . . ' 

With the armv thcrc was a man calkd Ahraha 'Spht-face'. Aryat crossed 
thc sea with Daus Dhu Tha'laban and landed in thc Yaman. Dhu Nuwas 
with the Himyarites and such of thc Yamamlnl unikrl coi 

mand came out against him, and after an engagerricnt Dhii Nuwiis and ws 
fo, i i i i to tiight. 1 Seeing that his catisc ,. I. I 1- , ■ - I iii d 
his horse seawards beating it until it entered the wavts and carrmd luiri 
through thc shallows out ihto the deep water. This wi 
seen of him. Aryat entered the Yaman aml tool [ B 



i of it. (T- He 



Krrumed potbn 



You have heard of G 



With ripcmm: ir.ut m clus 
This once-new caatlc is as) 
The Aames have eaten its 1 
Dhii Nuwas ruimhicd gavt 
And warncd his p.opic ol 
With reference to tbat, fbn al-I 
By thy life there 's no escapt 
By thy life a man has nowha 



w The Life of Muhammad 

Could there be after Himyar's tribes were destroyed m 
A thousand thousand with spearmen (glittering) like thi 

Their cry deafened the chargers and they put to Aight I 

with their pungent smell. 
Witches as the sand in number the very sap of trees di 
approacb. 
'Amr b. Ma'dl Karib aI-Zubaydi said conceming a dispute u 
with Qays b. Makshiih al-Muradi when he heard that hc hat 
him, and bringing to memory the lost glory of Himyar: 

Do you threaten me as though you were Dhii Ru'ay 
Or Dhu Nuwas in the days of their prime? 

With a kingdom rlrmly rooted among mcn. 

Ancient as the days of 'Ad 

Esceeding nerce, overcoming tyranls, 

Yet his people perished 

And he became 3 wanderer among men (32). 



n the Yaman f 



e morn hy 
sky before 



rofthean 



rt fort 



nan holding the C 



1; and Aryat ;: loear m hand ; he wss a big, tall, 

handsome man. Abraha had a young man called 'Atawda it his back to 
defmd Jiirn against attaek from the rear. Aryit raised his spcar striking 
at Abraha ! s skull and hit him on the forehcad splittuig tiis cyebrow. nost, 
,, eye, and mouth. It was for this reason that he was called nl-Ajhram 
(split-face). Thero:!>r.rAKui>co.<nn K ,,utfrombehindAbrahaattacked 
Aryat and killcd him, and Aryat's army joined Abraha, am! t 
in the Yaman acceptcd him as their chief . (T, Then 'Atawda cried : "Atawda 
you see, of an cvtl . aobtlity' , meaning that Abraha's 

-■— - •— ■ ■ : "-d Arv3t. Al-Ashram asked what he wanted, for though he 
ey must be paid. He asked and obtained ff om him 



The Life of Muhammad 21 

ihc right l.1 primat aoctii ■-. raman.) Abiaha paid blood-money for killing 
Aryat. (T. AU this happencd without the knowledge of the Negus.) 



he had trodden his land and cut off his forelock. So Abraha shaved his 
head and SUed a leather hag with the earth of the Yaman and sent it to the 
Negus with the following letter: 'O King, Aryat was only thy s!ave and I 
too am thy slave. We disputed about your orders ; everyone must obey 
you ; but I was strongcr, firmer, and more skilful in rnanaging the ar&irs of 
(he Abyssmians. Now when I was told of the king's oath I shaved the 
whole of my head and I send it to you with a bag of the dust of my land that 
you may put it beneath your feet and thus keep your oath concerning me.' 

to him that he WtW t .:r,]ers; so Abraha 

reroained in the Yaman. (T. When Ahraha perceived that the Negus was T 
reconciled and had made iiim viceregent of the Yaman, he sent to Abij 
Murra b. Dhij Yazan and took away from him his wife Rayhana d. 
'Alqama b. Milik b. Zayd b. Kahlan. Abu Murra who is Dhu Jadan had 
a son by her — Ma'di Karib. Afterwards she bore to Abraj . 
and a daughter Basbasa. Abu Murra took to Aight. His slave 'Atawda 
went on esercising his right in Yaman until a man of Himyar of Khath'am 
attacked and killed him; and when the news reachcd Abraha, who was 
a Ienient noble charscter, a Christian of tcmperate habits, he told the 
people that it was high trme that they had aii official with duc sclf-control 
and that had hc knov.ii iii:-t 'Atawdi' wnukl have choseu such a rcward for 

bloodwit would be esacted tat 

for killing 'Atawda.) 



Negussaying: "1 i:avc huik ,-. 
built for any king before yc 

his, one of tiWalc.idai ,1 

Fuqaym b. 'Adiy b. "Amir b. 

Khuzayma b. Mudtika b. Iivas b. ~,I.::l.i: 
who used to adjust the months for the Arabs it 



:h for you, O King, such a: 
shall not rest until I havt 



intercalators are those 



22 The Life o/ Muhammad 

would make one of tbe holy months profane, and make one of the profane 
t, raonths holy to balance the calendar. It was about tliis that God sent 
down : 'Postpone m, ■ ■ but added umdelity by which 

those who disbelieve are misled. They make it (the month) proiahe one 
year and make it sacred the next year, that they may make up the number of 
the months which God has made sacred (33).'* 

The Int to impose this system of intercalation on the Arabs was 
ai-Q»]ammas who was rludhayfa b. 'Abd b. Fuqaym b. 'Adiy b. *Amir 
b. Tha'laba b. al-Harith b. Malik b. Kitiana b. Khmayma; his son 'Ahbad 
folIowed him; then his descendants Qala', Umayya, 'Auf, and Abu 
Thumama Junada b. 'Auf who was the last of them, rer he was overtaken 
by Iskm. When the Arabs had Hnished pilgrimage, it used to be their 
practice to gather round him and he would declare the four sacred months 
Rajab, Dhu'l-Qa'da, Dhu't-Hijja, and al-Muharram. If he wanted to free 
a period he would free sl-Muharram and they would declare it free and ban 
Safar in its place so as to make up the number of the four sacred months. 
When they wanted to return from Mecca,' he got up and said: 'O God, 
I have made one of the Safars free for them, the first Safar, and I have 
postponed the other till next year.' 

About this 'Umayr b. Qays JadhSu'1-Ti'an, one of the B. Firas b. 
Ghanm b. ThaMaba b. Malik b. Kinana, boasting of this determining of 






Who has escaped us ' 



hen we seek vengeance 



honoi 



juiries and leamed that 



4 destroy k. (T. 
hia bounty, a 



il he came to the cathedral and deriled 
rncountry. Hearing of thematter Abraha 

: in Mecca where the Arabs went on 
this in anger at his threat to divert the 
, showing thereby that it waa unworthy 



and swore ihat he would go to this lemple and 
aha there wete some Arabs who had come to seek 
n Muhammad b. Khuia'1 b. Khuzaba al-Dhak- 
riumber of his tribesmen induding a brother of his 
y were with him a feast of Abraha occurred and 
1 1 , t- .[.- N « hc used to eat an animal's testicles, 



swillholditagainstusi 
^td went to Abraha and I 
at only the loins and sl 
i what they liked, hec 
,- that hc honoured the: 

I to pilgrimage at hi: 



Tht Life of Muhammad 
i was brought they said, '_By God, if w< 



:.' Thereuprjn Muhammad go 



heha.l t,.,r 
who shot h 
him Bed to 



;d the Abyssinia 
with the elephant. News < 
and they deckti 
they heard that hc mi-ant 



.- L-,oi\,u-d Muhammad and made 
to go among the pcople to invite 

hhehadhuilt. Whcn M. :„:.,! 

of Kinana the people of the lowland knowing what 
, man of Hudhayl called 'Urwa b. Hayyad al-Milasi 



i:.i,:, ■.'', -,L.r.T against him when 
i:a. C;,.l:'s holy housc. 
,-, tlic Ytiman, Dhii Nafr by 
: Arabs as would rollow him to 
V, jj:j ihslroying God's holy 
ut after a battlc Dhu Nafr and 



plead. 



t-ethandead. 1 



m tii.-i, gave 






ould be moi 



was a merciful i 

Abraha continued on his road to Mccca until in thc country of 
hc was opposcd by Nufayl b. Habib al-Khathami with their 
Shahrin „„.1 Nahis and such of the Arab tribes us rolloweH him 
engagement he was defeated and taken prisoner. Whcn Abrar 
,:f killing hiiii, Nufayl said: 'Dtm't kill me, O King, for I wi 



n, Shahran ar 






b. Mu'attib b. Malik b. Ka'h h. ' Amr h. Sa'd b. *Auf h. Th:u,!t camc out to 
him with the mcn of Thaqif. Thaqif's name was Qasiy b. a!-Nabil h 
Munahbih b. Mansur b. Yaqdum b. Afsa b. Du'mi b. lyad b. Niiat b. 
Ma'add b, 'Adnan. Umayya b. Ahu Salt al-Thaqafi said: 



Tite Life o/ Mukammad 
weh Iraq's wide plain 
:over they read and write (36), 



m ask me who I am, Lubayna, al 



al-Nablt the father of QasTy 

m of Yaqdum (our> forefathers (37). 



They said to him: C 
to you. We have no t 



id with you a : 



leaving them ur... 

As to al-LJt it was a temple of theirs in al-Ta*if which they used to 
venerate as the Ka'ba is venerated (38). So they sent with him Abu 
Righll to guide him on the way to Mecea, and when he had brought 
him as far as al-Mughammis 1 Abu Righal died there and the Arabs 
stoned his gnve. ThU is the grave which people in al-Mughammis still 

3 Arrived here, Abraha sent an Abyssinian ealled al-Aswad b. Mafsud ! 
with some cavalry as far as Meeca and the latter sent ofI to him the plunder 
of the people of Tihama, the Quraysh and others, among it two hundred 
camels belonging to 'Abdu'l-V <"> « triat time was 

the lcading shaykh of Quraysh. At first Quraysh, Kinana, and Hudhayl 
and others who were in the holy place m 
they had not the power to cill' 
AbrahasentHunit.at L - TT: - 



:d battle, but seeing that 



temple. If they ( 
and if he wished 
Mecca Hunata Wl 
b.Qusayywasi" 



.:■ hiu! II. 



I of the cc 



X there ' 



but only to deatroy the 
10 cause for bloodshed, 



that 'Abdu'1-Muttalib b. Hashim 

'Abdu'1-Muttalib repiied : 'God knows that we 
nght him for we have not the power to do so. This is Al 
and the temple of His friend Abraham — or words to tha 
defends it again~r I 111, 1 is Hi temple and His sanctuary; and 11 
lets him have it by God we cannot defend it!' Hunata replied that 
rlth him to Abraha, for he wa 



effect— If He 

eplied that he 
bring him back 



with hl 



s''Abdu'l-Muttalib ca 



The Life 0/ Muhammad 15 

and inquired for Dhu Nafr, for he was a friend of his. He went in to see 
him as he was in continement and asked him if he could do anything to 
help them in their trouble. Dhu Nafr replied: 'What use is a man held a 
prisoner in the hands of a king, expe«ing to be killed at any moment? 
I can do nothing to help you except that Unays the keeper of the elephant 
being a friend of mine, 1 will send to him and commend your case to him 
as strongly as possible asking him to try to get you permission to see the 
king. Sospeakasyouthinkiu. ; 01 you with the king 

if hc is able to do so.' So Dbu tg, 'The king has 

taken two hundred camels belonging to 'Abdu'1-Muttalib, lord 0* Ouraysh 
and master of the Meccan' wel! who feeds men in the plain and wild 
creatures on the top of the mountains, and is now here. So ask permission 3i 
for him to see the king and help him as far as you can.' He said he would 
do so and repeated these words to the king, adding that 'Abdu'1-Muttalib 
wished to see him and talk to him about a pressing matter. Abraha agreed 

dignined rnan, m m he treated him with tbe greatest 

respect so that he would not let him sit beneath him. He could not let the 

Abyssinians see him sitting beside him on his royal throne, so hegotoff 

Ms throne and sat upon his carpet and made 'Abdu'I-Mi 

him there. Then he told his interpreter to inquire what he wanted, and the 

reply w-as that he wanted the king tD return 

which he had taken. Abraha replied through t 



n I s.:y 



n I wi 



3U when I 
nid, Do vou wish to talk to me about two hundred camels 
of yours which I bavc taken, and say nothing about your religion and the 
>'oii:f:iihers whieli I havc come to destroy?' 'Abdu'1-Mut- 
talib replied, ' 1 am the owncr of the camclsand the temple h 
' ' ":.' When the king replied th 






('Give 






Dt defend it against 



cis.*) 



i'I-Mut!alibw< 

when he sent Hunata to him, there accompanied him Ya'mur b. Nufatha 
b 'Adiy b. al-Du'il b. Bakr b. ' ■ at that time chief 

of B. Bakr, and Khuwaylid b. Wathila, then chief of Hudhayl. They 
oITered to give Abraha a third of the cattle of the lowland 00 condition 
that he would withdraw from them and not destroy the temple, but he 
rcfused thcir request; but God knows whether this was so or not. At 
any rate Abraha restored to 'Abd camels which he had 

taken. 

When they left him, 'Abdu'1-Muttalib went backto Qurayshand having 
given them the news ordered them to withdraw from Mecca and take up 
defensive positions on the peaks an 



;mple door, 'Abdul-MuttaHh s.i 



God, humiliat 


Who took a liun 






Ami dclivcrcd tl 


Withdraw from 


praised (40). 


\bdu'l-Muttalib t 



d, O Lord, for Thou at 



went olf witli hi 









tn tk 1:1 



t>f the Ka'ba 



occupicd \1ecca. In the morninj Abraha prcpared to enter thc tmvn and 
m.idc his • lq:t:anl ready for battlc and drew up his troops- IIis inlciitinii 
was to destroy the lemple and thtn terurn tn ihi Y.im:m. \\ licn tlin m.t.ic 
the elephant (its name m Mahmud) face Mecca, Nufayl b. l.lai.ii: camc 
tip to us fkmk and taking hold of its ear said: 'Knecl, Mahnuid, nr go 
stf:.ii.itlit lniek vvh. nce you citme, for you are in God's holy Iandi' Hc lct tio 
of it i,i, I tht ilephant knclt, and Nufayl made orT at top speed for the 
top of the mountain. The troops beat the clcphant to make lt gct up btit it 
would not; they bcat its hcad with iron bars; they stuck hnoks tnto ita 
' ' ' ut it would not get up. Then they madc it 



facc 












l,:,.-- ;;..i 



the se 



:s, like pe 

* in Hight by the way they came, cryir 
ethemontheway to the Yaman. Whe 
iod had brought down on them Nufayl 
ihf tclien God pursueth? 
re conquercd not the conqueror (41). 



hm 



Our greetings, Rudayna! 



ught to give him,] 



What we saw on al-.Miniiissah 

You would have forgiven me and praised my at 

And not have been vexed at what has passed ar 

1 praised Gnd whcn I saw the birds, 

And I feared the stoncs that might fall upon us 

Everyone was asking for Nufayl 

As though I owed the Abyssinians a debt. 



ne. Where the Bnger h 
there arose anevil sore exuding pus and blood, so that whe.i they brt.ug! 
hiro to San'a' he was like a young nedgeling, They allege that as he die 
his heart burst from his body. (A. Deserters from the army, labourer: 
and eampfollowers rcmained in Mecca and becanie workers and shepherc 
for the popuktion.) 



,, 'Utba toi 

bat measles and sroallpox 









colocynth, and Aalspias 
tcounted to the Quraysh 



sent Muhammad he specitdly rt 

and favour in tuming back the ADysstnians in orncr .0 
•Did you not see how your Lord 
of the elephanl " 



_ r !? Did He 

, m them nocks of birds, throwint 

.ncsu.poiiih.cm, making themasbkdesof cornthalhacilicLii 

And again: 'For the uniting of Quraysh, their uniting the 

I summer and winter. Then let them worship the I>Drd of 1 

. BO that they hunger not, and madc them safe 



2 8 The Life of Muhammad 

i.e. so that their status should remain unaltered because of ( 
purpose towards them if they would receive it (42). 
> "Abdullah b. Abu Bakr via 'Amra daughter of 'Abdu'1-I 
Sa'd b. Zurara told me that 'A'isha said: 'I saw the leader of tl 
and its groom walking about Mecca blind and crippied begging 



When God turned back the Abyssinians from Mecca and cxe 
yengeance upon them, the Arabs hcld theQur.t>'l ign ( i D 1 
'They are the people of God: God fought for them and tht 
attack of their enemies.' On this theme they composed mai 
Thus 'Abdullah b. al-Zibra'ra b. 'Adiy b. Qays b. 'Adly h. Sa'd 1 
'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b b. Luayy b. Ghalib b. Fihr said: 



.' 



ile of Mecc 



He who knows what happened will tell the ignorant. 

Shrty thousand men returned not home, 

Nor did their sick recover after their return. 

'Ad and Jurhum were (in Mecca) before them. 

God has set it above all creatures. 
words 'nor did their sick rccDver after their return' refer to Abraha 
m they carried with them when he was smitten, until he died in San'5'. 
bu Qays b. al-Aslat al-Ansari al-Khatmi, Say fl by name (43) said : 
His work it was on the day of the Abyssinian elephant. 
' .. 

(They drove} their hooks beneath its Aanks, 
Thn split its nose and it was torn. 
They uscd a knife as a whip. 
When they applied tt to its back it madc a wound. 
It turned and faced the way It had corne. 
Those there bore the burdeo of their injusticc. 

lraditipn. Tht f 1 I I 1 r ' ' s ™n« to ttre 



The Lifv of 
God sent a wind bringing pebblcs from ab 
And they huddled together like lambs. 1 

But they blcated like sheep (44). 



The d 



rs of this temple betwei 



« you 1 



1 leader of the squadrons. 
His cavalry was in the plain, his infantry 
Upon the paases of the distant hills. 

\\i -..- 1 ll.c 'help of rlu I.oul t.(" tl.e Tbmne reached you, 
His armies repulscd thern,» pelting them and coverinj 



Talib b. Abii Tllib b. 'Abdu 1-Muttalib said: 

Know you not what happened in the war of DJh 
And Abu Yaksum's army when it hiled the pass> 
But for the help of God the Sole Esistent One 
You would have been unable to save your lives (< 

Abu al-S.lt b. Abu Rabi'. aI-Thaqafi referring to the elei 
Hanafi religion being that of Abraham said (47); 

None but inndels doubt them. 

Night and Day were created and all 

Is abundantly plain, its reckoning is fixed. 

Then the merciful Lord reyealed the day 

By the sun whose rays are seen everywhere. 

He hdd the elephant fast In al-Mughatnmas 

It sank to the ground as * K " 







Its trunk t 



The Life qf Muhammad 

from Kabkab's rocks. 



er flung 



5 (T.Himyara 
youngmento 



Round it Kinda's 1 

Mighty hawks in war. 

They abandoncd it and departed headlong 

All of them ; the shank of each one of them was brokcn. 

In God's sight at the Resurrection every religion 

Btrt that of the hanlf is doomed to perdition (+8). 

i;i ciiccl Iiis ■■■'■ v ;iksi"m bt-c-;iint: kin^ <■! 



re humiliated under tl 
l took their women and killcd thcir mcn :in; ! 

': '- : : 

. reigned over the Abyssinians in the Yaman. 



he people of tlic i: rt-il oppression 

zan the llimyarite, who was known as Abu Murra, we 



.■.l«iv. 



lis reuuc! 



al-IIira an 



to al-Nu'r 



nf Iraq. When he complained of the Abyssi 

i. Accordingly he 

Accordlng to rcpoi 
.tispcn.lrtl hy ;l trnklen chain Irtun ;ti. lop t-f iht 



m that he paid a forma! vi 
y with him until t 
d him to Chosroc 



OlOSI 



!ofau 



: it. Ilew: 



hidtlcn bchi 









s hcad was insetted in 


o tbc crt.wn, ;m 


V,tf 


he was settled com 


on his throne the robes were taken fro 




. Evtrvonc wlio sm 








W hcn S;,vf 




nce he fell t 


hrs knees (49). 






iaid; 'O 




on of our country. 


■sriskcd, 


What raven 


Abvssiniaus or Stntha 


is V ' Abyssinians,' h 


';irul I 


ave come to 


you for help an 


th.it 


you may assume th 



The Life af Mukammad 



• it among the people ; (T. Boya and T 
x coins). When the king was told of 



on the other hand, if the) ct n 1 11, mld have added to 

IIc pul In ctimmand of them a man called Wahriz who was of mature 
age and of cxcellent family and lineage. They set out in eight ships, two 
of which mundered, so ihat only si-c rcachcil thc shores of Atlcn. Sayl" 
brought all the people that he could tn Wahriz saying, 'My foot is with 
your foot, we die or conquer together.' 'Right,' said Wahri*. Masruci b. 
Abraha the king of Yaman came out against him with his army, and 
Wahriz sent one of his sons to fight them so as to get experience in thcir 
way of Hghting. His son was killed and he was filled 



theirking.' They sai 
his head and a red ru 
he said, and they wa 
now?' Theysaid: '] 



ranksWahrizsaid,'Showme 
you see a man on an elephant with a crown on 
listorehead? That is their king.' 'Lethimbe,' 
ong time and then he said, 'What is he riding 



Wahriz: 'An asss fillyl A weak creature, and so is his kingdoi 
shoot him. If you see that his foilowers have not moved, then i 



fellow. 

the people nocking round him I ahall have hit him, so f«ll 

il.tin.' iic thcn bent his bow (the story goes that it was so tough 



mount 


-■■ ■ 




:ui hiin 


When th 






thev fled and were killed 






Wahri* 


lih 


mced to e 




















thc g..t 




wenl in wiil; bi 







The Life of Muhammad 



AbQ al-Salt b. Abu Rabi'a al-Thaqafi (51) said: 

Let those seek yengeance who are like Ibn Dhu Yaza 
Who spent long years at sea because of his enemies, 



Cuuniini 


his life and money cheap, 


Until he 


came brinuiin; ihe Persiaiis wilh lnm. 




e v.m «ere swift in aetion, 


Wiiata , 


oble band came out: 






Niim.s, 




I...5»' 




From cu 


,.'.1 bOTO tbe] shot arrows 


Stout as 




" 


.1 iliiti 1 [u..l> death. 






Their fu 




Sodrink 








..]-.' dead, 




Suchare 




Which afterwards become urine (53). 



*Adiy b. Zayd al-Htri, one of B, TamTm, said: 

What is there after SaiTa' in which once livcd 
HuIiTs tif 11 kingdon, whuse gitts wcrc h.iah? 
Its builder raised it 1.0 thc tlyini; cIihkIs, 
Its lofty chambcrs gave forth musk. 
Protected by mountains against the attacks of 
Its lofty heights unscakble. 



mthetopofthefort: 



Withtheirknigh 

While the asses' 

Until the princes 

Their squadrons 

The daythat the 

'Cursed he he who runs awayl' 

'Tinis a day of which the story remains, 

But a people of long established' digulty eintt to 

: ' ■' ..'■:.:■: I ■ • ■ : ■: 

Thc davs 1111. dariT aiid mysterious. 

After noble sons of Tubba', 

Persian generals were iirmly settled there (54). 



'Iling him uf what bad been doni 






gave Sayf in 
1. Hesummi 






became king, he be 
Tlusis ..hat lbnHun 
IshSq.)< 

{When Wahriz had gone to Cl,..s, ,..• ; an, 
the ktter began to attack the Abyssinian; 
womcii with child until li. 1 1 
miserahle creatures whom hc cmiiloycil as 
hiui with tlmii iaii.is lii-hne very long be 
when suddenly they su 









■ ■■::.;-.:■ 



Wahrm 



ided from the su 



>f that Pcrsia 



Masriiq ibn Abraha at the hands of the Pers 
Abyssinians was seventy-two years. The siKvess:ve r 
Aryat, Abraha, Yaksum, and Masruq (55). 
7 It is said that on a rock in the Yanian there was an 
from olden times: 

To whom belongs the kingdom of Dhimai 

To IJimyar the righteous. 

To whom belongs the kingdom of Dhimai 

To the cnl Abyssinians. 

IV, uln-iti l.tikmgs the kingdor 

To whom belongs the kmgdom of Dhimar? 
To Quraysh the merchants (56). 
Dhimar mcans thc Yaman or Saria'. 
Al- A'sha of B. Qays b. ThaMaba said when the words of Satih : 

'Nowomanhaseyerseen 1- b - thctruthlfkethctruthofal- 
when he prophesied. 1 ' Thc Arabs called him al-Dhi'bi becauac he 1 
son of Rabi'a b. Mas'ud b. Mazin b. Dhi'b (57). 



add hegat thrce st. 1 Anmar (58). 

s the father of Kh.th'am and BajiLa. Jarir b. 'Abdullah al- 
as chicf of the Bajila (of whom someone said: 'But for Jarir, 
have perished. A rinc man and a poor tribe') said ubi-n lx 
r against al-Furafisa al-Kalbi to aI-Aqra' b. Habis al-Tamimi 
ijashi' b. Darim b. Malik b. Hanzala b. Malik b. Zayd Manat: 
a' b. Habis, O Aqra', 
broitiL-r is oycrthrown thou wilt be overthrown. 



sons of Nizar help your b 



TheLifeof 

They went to thc Yaman and remained there (59). 
Mudar 1- Ni?ar begat two sons: Ilyas and 'Aylan (60). IKfi^ brt;al tiirec 
sons: Mudrika, Tabikha, an d Qam'a. Their motherwas Khimht", a Vama- 

1 ,1 ikha v \ 111 II. n iii ,.r ', , |i L ilil pasturmg their 

swooped upon their camels. 'Amir said to 'Amr: 'Will you go aftcr the 
camels or will you cook this gamer' 'Amr replied that hc would go on 
a.,'l;iiiL\ -ii' 'Ainii .. l..i t.iter the camels and brought them back. When 
they returned ani! toid thi-ir laihci hc snid to 'Amir: 'You are Mudrika' 
(theonewhoun tak, . I , , , , ,1 I 1 

When thcir tnother heard tbj newi sh< am. hurriedly from her tent and 
he said: 'You arc trotting!' (kkandajaY and so she was called Khindih 

As to Qam'a the genealogists of Mudar assert that Khuza'a was one of 
the sons of ' Amr b. Luhayy b. Qam'a b, Ilyas. 



'Abdullah 




1 Bakr b. Muham 


mad b. 'Am 


r b. Hazm 


i the authority 


of his fath 




me as fo!Iows: I 




eof Godsaid: 


'I saw 'Arr 


rrb. 


Luhayy dragging 




ln h.-ll, .... 


«hi.i 1 .iskcJ 


himabout 


h.lSC 


whohadlivedbet 


■LII.hiHlill 


andmineh 


esaidthatthey 


■ 


l.ld 1 


Ibrahim b. al-H 


rith al-Tam 


"mi told me 


hat Abu Salih 


al-Sammlr 


l.ll, 






»yr.(6s)M 


: I heard the 


apostle of God s 








Aktham 1 saw 


'Amrb. L 




b. Qam'a b. Khi 






es in hell, and 


never did 


see 








blance inju 






'No,' said 




■l.-i y.iu ait :. 






s an infidel. He 


wasthe fir 


stomt.Te 




Ishmacl, t 






tute the eu 


bahlra, si'iba, 






(63).' 










'.lial 






■ns.pf Isl, .:....-! 


was wher. Skcc 


becametoosmall 


' 


they wanted more room in 



is passed thcy forgot their primitiye faith and adopted 



The Life of Muhammad 

religion for that of Abraham and Ishmael. They worshipped iciols 

ipted the same errors as the peoples beforc them. Yct they retained 

" \ to the time of Abraham, such as honour- 

it, the great and little pilgrimage,- and the 

standing on 'Arafa and Muzdalifa, sacrificing the victims, and the pilgrim 

cry at the great and little pilgrimage, while introducing elements which 

had no place in the rcligion of Abraham. Thus, Kinana and (Juraysh used 

,: 'At Thv service, OGod, at Thy service ! AtTh) seryice, 

Thouwithout'an a iu it l.i tl. I I hou ownest him 

and what he owns.' Thcy used to acknowledge h ' 
then include their idols with God, putting the 01 
hand. God said to Muhammad: 1 'Most of thcm do not bciieye m Gou 
without associating others with Him,' i,e. they do not acknowledge My 
' ' ,vledge of My reality, but they associate with Me one of 



Tke Life of Muhammad 






My cn 



cs tn whicb they were devoted, 
' I: 'And they said, "Forsal 
ind Yaghuth and Ya'uq ; 



■:■„,.{ . 



The peopte of Noah ha 
His apostle about them when He s 
gods ; forsake not Wudd and Suwi 
And they had led many astray.' 3 

Among those who had chosen those idols and uscd their names as com- 
pounds 4 when th^ + I- 1 1 I _ i ' ' 1 'th Khmaelites and 

others— was Hudhayl b. Mudrika b. Ilyas b. Mudar. They adoptcd Suwa' 
and they had him in Ruhat; s and Kalb b. Wabra of Quda'a who adopted 
Wudd In Dumatu'1-Jandal, 

■Ra'b b. Malik al-Ansiri said: 

We forsook al-Lit and al-'Uz2S and Wudd. 

We stripped off their neckkces and earrings <6+). 

Anum of Tayyi' m& the people of Jurash of Madhhij adopted Yaghuth 




Khaulan called al-Adim. Si 
r ev™1cd: 'They assign to l 
portion; and thcy say th.s 
our partners. Th.is what i: 
what is for Allah goes to th 
TheB.Milkanb. Kinana 



d£ their tribesmen took so 
lat wcre not ridden, saw tb 



littohim. Theyareaclanof 

and cattle he has created a 
heir assertion— lnd this is for 
ters does not reach ABah and 
vil is their judgment! (67) 1 

vf, 3 b,Mudarhad 
ntry.* They 



Sa'd is nothing hi 









«■ al-Daual (68). 3 

in the middle of the Ka'ba called Hubal 
(69). And they adopted Is5f (or ,\:,.i:; ind Xii:.:i» the placc of Zamzam, 
sacrincing beside them. Thcy were a man and a woman of Jurhum-Esaf 
b. Baghy and Na'ila d. DTk-who werc guilty of sexual relations in the 
Ka'ba and so God transJormed them into two stones. 
'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr b. Muhammad b. 'Amr b. Hazm on thc authonty 



"We alwajs hcard that Isaf and Naila were a man an. 
urham who copulated in the Ka'ba so God transformed th 
>nes." But Gm: : ijie truth.' 



Every househoid had an idol in their house which they used to warship. 
When a man was about to set out on a journey he would rub himself 
x \\ as about to ride off : indeed that was the kst thing he used 
to do before his journey ; and when he returned from his journey the first 
thing he did was to rub himself against it before he went :n tn hi* iamily. 
When God sent Muhammad witli the masagc ■■: iiionntlieism Quraysh 
said: 'Would he make the gods into one God? That is indeed a strange 



itwasthetempleari 



Now alons: witl 

tempies which they venerated as they venera 

guardians and overseers and they used to ri 

5 did to the Ka'ba and to circuinmiibulatc th 

Eed iI,l superiorh^ ■■:' tbe ECa'ba 

mosque of Abraham the friend (of God). 

Quraysh and the B, Kinana h»rj ' ■■' ' i. lts guardians and 

overseers were the B. Shayban of Sulaym, allies of tlie B, Hashim (70). 
An Arab poet said: 



worsbippers pres 



lacc- anj Jividt:J her into goodh/ porti 

criSced was to divide the victim amonj 

:. Ghabghab was the siaughter-place where the t 



ut( 7 x). 

[Azr. 1. 74: 'Amr b. Lu'ayy put aI-'Lzza in Nakhla, and when they had 
Anished thcir hajj and the circumambulation of the Ra'ba they continued 
to be under taboo until they eame to al-'Uzza and had gone round it; there 
they abandoned the pilgrim taboo and staycd a day beside it. It belonged 
to khu,j'j \\ 11 1 I 1 I I 11 1 rai,. al-Tzza aiong 

with Khu2S'a, and all Mudar. Her saditis who used to guard (hajab) her 
were B. ShaybSn of B. Sulaym, allies of B. Hashim. Cf. I.H. 839.] 

- merseers and guardians being 
B. MVattib» of Thaqlf. 

Manat was worshipped by al-Aus and al-Khazraj and such of the people 



The Life 0} Muhammad 
Yathrib as rbllowed their religion by the sea-sh< 
Mushallal in Qudayd (72).' 



t up ManJt on the sea-shore near Qudayd. 
Azd and Ghassun iwir 1,1, pil E iim3 K c r,- it aij rccc cd it. When they had 
made thc compass of the Ka'ba and hastened from 'Araf.it aml comploted 
the rites at Miiiii thcy tlid not shave tlicir hair until they got to Manat, to 
whom they would cry Labbayki. Those who did so did not go round 
bcrv.cn af-Safa and al-Marwa to the placc of tlir two tdols NahTk Mujauid 
al-KJh and Mut'im al-Tayr. This clan of the Ansar used to begin the 
ceremony by hailing Manat, and whcn they wcnt on the great or little 
pilgrimage they would not go undcr the shelter of a roof until they tiad 
completedit. Wheuaman was under taboo as a [ " 



■: ,fl„- 






uulJ cli 









11, Hcs 



b the wall 
;. When God 



mriec 



_ God' (2. 185). Mamil bi-loiigcd tu al-Aus and al-Khazraj 
iassan"of aI-Azd and such of the population of Yathrib and Syria 
Inwcd tlicir rili^ion. Mjji.nt v.an or. tlic sna-aliore inthe neighbour- 
l.tl-M»sl,:,llalinQudayd.] 

1-Khalasa belongej to Daus, Khath*am, and Bajlla and the Arabs in S' 
ea in Tabala (73 ).' [Azr. i. 73 : ' Amr b. Lu'ayy set up al-Khalasa in 
They uscl n, pi:: nccklaccs 011 it, unJ bring gtfts 
ley poured milk on it, sacririced to it, and hung 
Mujawid 



ul-Marw 



Fals belonged to Tayyi' and those I 
Tayyi', Salma and Aja' (74). 



J Mut'im al-Tayr 



by in the K 



tains 11 f 



The Life o/ Mtihammad 



hair is not shorn, 
If she gives birth to a filly afte 

her milk as in the case of ln ■;' : 
Si'iba. TheWasIlaisanewewhichha; 
without a malc lamb intervening. She 
cxpression wasalat. Any ewes which sh 
triu malcs. c\ccpt that if one of them di 



■vening colt. She is sct frec, is ne' 
ily a guest is allowed to drink her n 



shorrt snd he is left to 



id only a guest may drink 
cn is tne Bahira, thc fil!y of the 

n i li , \' l;i l'hey usu thc 
ives birth to aftcr that helong to 

i!i sliai-L' in eating it, both males 

tensuccessiyetllliis nltliout an 
ie is not riddcn; his hsir is not 
:ls to mount thcm. Beyond that 



'They say, What is 
will repay them for 



Liily He is knowin: 
wision God has se: 



rioMk-i^c il" vou speak the truth. And of the catr 
two. Say. has He prohibited tu yiiu the tnii ms 



wrcng-doing pcople' (80).* 



Khiizr,':i say: We are the sons of 'Amr b. 'Amir from the Yaman (81). 
o Mudrika b. al-Ya's had two sons, Khuzayma and Hudtiail, tlieirniotl 

1, ine . ,111.111 tifQudi'a. Khuzaymahadfours,m K nln. \ ., 1. \si, 
aiiil ,i!-Iliin. Kinina's mothcr was 'Uwina d. Sa'd b. (Jays b, ' \yl;"in 



The Life of Mukammai 4' 

Kinin» had four sons: al-Nadr, Milik, 'Abdu MaiHt, and Milkin. 

Nadr's inorln-r was Harra tl. Murr li. L dd b. Tabikhab. al-Ya's b. Mudar; 

It is said that Uuraysh got their name from thcir gathering together after 6 
they had been separated, for gathenng together may be enpressed by 
taoarrmh. 1 

Al-Nadr h. Kinana had two sons, Milik and Yakhlud. Milik's mother 
was 'Atika ,1- 'Adw.in b. ' Amr b. Qays b. 'Ayian, but 1 do not know whether 






ot(8+>. 



Malik b. al-Nadr bcgat Fihr b. Malik, his mothcr being Jandaia d. 
al-Harith b. Mudad al-Jurhumi (85). (T. There was war between Fihr T 
and Hassan b. 'Abdu Kalal b. Mathub Dhu Hurath al-Himyarl who had 
come from the Yaman with the tribesmen meaning to take back to Yaman 
ttl I I tidivtrttfepiIgrimagetothcYsmim. He 

got as far as Naklil 

to cntcr Mccca. When Quraysh, Kinana, Khuzayma, Asad, and Judham 
and other unknown elements of Mudar perceived this they marched against 
thiin undcr the leadership of Fihr b. Malik. A sharp engagemcnt followed 
in wh:rh Himyar i.cn iM',-a:r,i :i:id l.htss.m '.\:i- ;.ik,'n prisoncr hv l"ihr's 
son .li-ll.iritb. Among those killed in battle was his grandson Qays b. 
Chaiih h. Kihr. Hassan remained a prisoner for two ycars until hc piml liis 
ransom. He was ther 1 n 1 tli 1 1 tln Yaman.) 

Fihr begat four sons: GMlib, MuhSrib, al-Harith,. and Asad, their 
mother being Layla d. Sa'd b. Hudhayl b. Mudrika (86). 

Ghalib b. Fihr had two sons, Lu'ayy and Taym, their mother bcing 6 
Salmad. 'Amr al-Khuzi'i. Taym werc cjll.-d 

Lu'ayy b. Ghilib had four sons: Ka'b, 'Amir, Sama, and 'Auf; the 
mother of the iirst three was Miwiya d . Ka'b b, al-Qayn b. Jasr of Quda'a 
(88). 



b. Lu'ayy went forth to 'Uman and re 



Imir he went to 'Um 
.s she-camel she lowe: 






8 The Life o/ Muhammad 

er head to graze and a snake seizcd her by the lip : 



Many a camel silent on night joumeys dit 



as the di 



,1 ;;-:,;:. 



b. Qays b. 'Aybn wh 
' ' i. Tha'lat 



as leit 
b. Sa'd (he 



6 4 being his brother according to the kindred reckoning of B. Dhubyan, 
Tha'laba b. Ka'i! Uayth b. Ghatafiin and ',-W b. 

Sa'd b. Dhubyan 1 1 him, bound him 

to himself, gave him a \vife, and 1 S as a blood-brothcr. 

His relationship became well known among B. Dhubyan. It was Tha'laba, 
they say, who said to ' Auf when he lagged behind and his tribe abandoned 
hint: 

Tether your camei by me, O Ibn Lu'ayy. 

ive bcen Muhammad b. 
hat'Umarb.al-Khattab 

[urra b. "Auf. We know 



Muhammad b. Ja'far b. a!-Zubayi 
'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abdullah b. Hus 
said: 'If I were to claim to belong t. 



TkeLifeofM 

STurra b. 'Auf b. Sa'd b. Dhubyan b. Baghid b. Rayth b. Ghatafan. lf this 
;enealogy is mentioned to them they themselvcs say, 'We do not denjr or 

Al-Harith b. Zalim b. Jadhima b. Yarbu'— one of B. Murra b. 'Auf— 
rhen he Aed from al-Nu'man h. al-Mundhir and clave to Quraysh said : 
My tribe is not ThaTaba b. Sa'd 
Nor Fazara the long-haired. 
My tribc if you must ask is the Banu Lu'ayy. 
In Mecca they taught Mudar to tight. 
We u rt I. ,' I n 1 1. 1 ' Hanu Eaghld 
And leaving our next-of-kin and family. 
'Twas the rolly of thc water-seeker who, his fill drunk, 

'OJ's life if i had my way I should be with them 
And not be found seeking pasture from place to place. 
Kawaha the Qurayshite mounted me on his camel 
And sought no reward for it (90). 
Al-Husayn b. al-Humam al-Murrl, one of B. Sahm b. Murra, said, 6; 
efuting al-Harith b. Zalim and claiming to bclong to Ghataian: 
Lo, you are not of us and we havc nought to do with you. 
We repudiate relationship with Lu'ay.y b. Ghilib. 
We dwell on the proud hcights of a]-Hijaz while you 









meaning Quraysh. Aiterwards al-Husayn repented of what he had said 
«nd recognized the truth of the words of ai-Hanih b. /alirn. II< claimed 
to belong to Quraysh and, accusing himself of falsehood, he saidi 



I realize that it was 


the speech of a liar. 






Would that mv tongue were m two, 






Half of it dumb an. 


the other half stnging yo 






Our father a Kman 








In the verdanf pla 


n of al-Batha' between thc 






We own a fourth 0: 








And a fourth of the 


plains by the house of Ibn Hatib, 






y were four: Ka'b, "Amir, 


Sama, and 'Au 








r b. al-Khattab 


<a.J 










among Ghatafan; they w 


re thetr ch.eis 


and 



The Lifi oj Muhammad 



u; k: 



Hashim b. Harmala revivcd his father' 
On the day of aI-Haba'at and the day of al-Ya'mala 2 
You could see the kings slain beside him 
As he slew the guilty and the innocent (91). 1 
They were a people of a lively reputation among Gh*tlfarj anri Qaya, 
and they retained their relationship with them. Among them the practice 
of Basl obtained.' 
6 According to reports Basl is the name given to eight months of the year 

y. 11 h r \ I 11 1K t 1 - iii." ]>■ 11« tlinae months they 

1 11 1 I tl II il I I / 1 \ 1- VI 1 i li 1 

i nce to B. Murra (92): 



Think 






al-Marr. 



Then they will 

A place where I have enjoyed their fellowship. 

If they are in neither then they will be at large 






B. Qays b. Tha'laba sa 






(j pcriod. 



loyou? 



ij Ka'b b. Lu'ayy had thrcc sons : Murra, ' Adiy, and Husays, their mother 
being WahshlYi. .!. .hFihrb.Malikb.Nadr. 

Murra b. Ka'b had three sons: Kilab, Taym, and Yaqaza. KSWa 
mother was Hind d. Surayr b. Tha'laba b. al-Harith b. Fihr b. MJlik b. 
al-Nadr b. Kinana b. Khuzayma; Yaqaza's mother was a1-li;iriqiya, a 
woman of Bariq of the Asd of Yaman. Some «ay ihc was the mother of 
Taym; others say Taym's mother was Hind d. Surayr the mother of 
KilSb (93). 

Kilab b. Murra had two sons: Qusavy and Zuhra, their mother being 
Piitima d. S;i'.l b. Sayal 1« of B. Jadara of Ju'thuma of al-Azd of Yaman 
allics of 13. Dil b. Bakr b. 'Abdu Manat b. Kinana (94). 

iS Of Sa'd b. Sayat the poet says: 



Never ac 



| ' 



whom we know havf 
, Sayal. 



\U;ip 



TheLifiofMuh 

ierhandfullofvigo 

ag to tight the dismc 



ic rocic 



Salul b. Ka'b b. 



Charging he carried the enemy's horsemen with Siim 
As the swooping hawk carries the partridge in its cla 

Qusayy b. Kilab had four sons and rwo daughters: 'A 
'Abdu'1 j>5r. 'Ahdu l-'t zza, ,u«l 'Ahdu Ousayy; and Takhmi 
Their mother was Hubba d. Hulayl b. Habasl 
■Amr al-Khuzi'i (06). 

'Abdu Manaf whose name was al-Mughira b. Cusa.i; ha.l lnur sons: 
Hashim UJuSn 1-Mutt.ili 1 imntherbcmt; ^tika d. Murra h. 

I || Ii i I tjhth h Sulaym b. Mansur b. 

'Ikrima; and Naufal, whose mother was Waqida d. 'Amr al-Mariniya, i.e. 
Mazin b. Mansur b. 'Ikrima {97). 



Tiile 'Abdu'1-Muttalib was sleeping in the sacrcd enclosure he had a 
sion in which he was ordcred to dig Zanizam which is a depression 
itween the two idols of Qutaysh, Isaf and Na'ila, at the slaughter-place of 
uraysh. Jurhum had nlled it in at the time they lett Mecca. It is the 
cll rit Islinucl rh.: son of \hraham where God gave him water when he 
- . 1 1 t 1 j little child. His mother went 1 , - ' ■ 1 t hit m 
ihe went up to al-Safa praying to God and implormg 



Id fcr 



C-1.1J s, 



vho hollowed out a place in the earth with h 
lt, and she came hurrying towards him and fo 



JURHUM AND THE FILLING IN OF THE WELL ZAMZAM 
The story of Jurhum, of their Slling in Zamzam, of their leaving Mccca, 
and of tbose who ruled Mecca after them until 'Abdu'1-Muttalib dug Zam- 
zam, according to what Ziyad b. 'Abdullah al-Bakka'J told me on the 
authority of Mul, ;iI,1l. is thst when Ishmael the 

son of Abraham died, his son Nabit was m charge of the temple as long as 
God willed, then it was in charge of Mudad b. ' Amr al- Jurhumi (98). The 
sor t I 11 lael ind the sons of Nabit were with their grandfather Mudad 
b, 'Amr and their maternal uncles of Jurhum— Jurhum anii Ouiiira' «rho 
were cousins bcing at that time the people of Mecca. They had come forth 
from the Yaman and travelled togethcr and Mudad was over Jurhum and 



4 6 Tht Life of Muhammad 

Samayda', oneof their men, over Qatura'. When they left the Yaman, they 
rcitisecl to go tinless they had a king to order tbeir irTairs. When they came 
a to Mecca thcy saw a town blcsscd with cat.a a.ni in-™ ancl, delighted with 
it, ttn-y scltlcd there. Mudad b. ',\mr with the nien c»f Jurlmin scttlcd in 
the upper part of Mecca in Qu'ayqi'an and went no farther. Samayda' 
with Qatura' scttlcd in the lower part of Mecca in AjySd the lower part of 
Mecca, and went no fzrther. Mudad used to take a tithe from those who 

entcrcd lioni belciw. ICacii kcpt to h!s own people, ncithcr cnteting the 



Then Jurhum .. lljiii-l i II. i 

■ h r ocersight of the templc as a| 



•Aiat 



to fight ca. 



other, Mud 



I.C SOIl 


..1 Isl: 


i.lci.mi 


Nahil, 


nsl N, 


i:i>J»' 












ng lor 


shld.ls 


swuri 


and . 


nccrs, 



Samayda' cquipped w 

,, ,, -, u i , i.u ii i ,i ,c i i .ii t.iot, and it is aaid 

"n i . . r ii . b i i I 1 i ,,-„,,, 

cacairy.' Thc two parties met in Fadih, and aftcr a scccrc bnttk- Samayda' 
was killed and Qatura' bumiliatcd. It is said that the namc Fadih was given 
for this reason. Thcn the people clamoured for peace and went on unti! 
they reached al-Matabikh, a tavlne ahovc Mccca ; thcre rlity matk pcocc 
ii-r.i surrciidcrcd authority to Mudad. Wlicn he was in pnwer and hcld 
sovereignty he slaughtered heasts for the pcople and gave tticrn as iond. 
Thc pcople cooked and atc, anii that is w \\\ ilic placc is called Matabikh. 
Some lcatned peoplc allege that the name was given bccause Tubba' had 
1 ., I 1 i I i i I . , il , 1 . I h hjsc. Thcdtspute 

between Mudad and Samayda' was thc first open wrong committcd in 
Mecca, at least so some allege. 

Then God multiplicd thc orTspring of Ishmacl in Mccca and their unclcs 
from Jurbum wcrc rulcrs ot thc :.-i,ii»lc arnl iudircs in Mccica. Thc sons of 
Ishmaeldid not disputc their authority bi-causc ,.f li.civtics i»i kin.ircd uucl 
theit respect ti.r the sancluan iesi tli.r, I- il I I „a li . i iiin,: 
tberein. When Mecca becamc too conirned for the sons of Islmracl thcy 
spread abroad in the land, and whenever thcy hacl tr» nght a pcoplc, God 
gave them the victory through their rcligion and they subdued them. 



Afterwards Jurhum bchavcd high-handc-clly in Mecca 
ih.n :•■: ich waatarm... Tht.sc wlio cntctcd thetown whu 
tribe they treated badly antl they appropriatcd gifts whic 



The Life of Muhammad 



in the tighting B. Bakr and Ghubshan got the upper hand and expelled 

injustice and wrong within rts : ::d wrong therein it 

was called 'the Scorcher', 1 and any king who 

came to profane its sanctity died on the spot. It is said that it was called 

Bakka because it used to break 1 the nccks of tyrants when thcy iiitr.idnccj 

'Amr b. al-Harith b. Mudad al-Jurhami brought out the two gazelles of 
the Ka'ba and the corner-stone and buricd them in the well Zamzam, 
going av,ay with thc mcn of Jurhum to the Yaman. They were bitterly 
gricvcd at losing the kingship of Mecca, and the above-named 'Amt said I 

Her eycs swollen with weeping, said 
'Tisasthoughbe 
No friend and no 
I said to her, \ 
ough a b 



'Oi :, r 



- ■■ were its P™P te i 
rievous misfortunes have brought us to n 
We were the lords of the temple aftcr Nabit, 

We were in charge of the temple after Nitbit in 
And the man of plenty did not count with us. 
'" reigned in powei ' 



No other tribe there 






■ ■ !liI changes. 



The tribra of Himyar aiul Yuhsbir. 



I TheLifeof 

Wherein is a sure sanctuary and the sacred places. 
Weeping for a temple whose doves unharmed, 

Wild creatures there are tame, unharried, 

But leaving its sanctuary arc hunted freeiy (ioo). 

'Amr b. al-ILirith, remembering Bakr and Ghubshan a 
ihom they had left behind there, said also: 
!Y forth, O m 



When one day you wi 


not be able to 


Hasten your bcasts an 




Beforcdeathcomes;3 




We were men like you 


. faic chanf!«l u 


And you will be as we 


once were (101) 



,,fM: 



Then Ghubshan of Khuza/a controlled the temple instead of E. Bakr h 

I i , , | ,! r/ it heing 'Amr h. al-Rarith al 

Ghubshani. Quraysh at that time were in scattered settlements, and tents 

disi.crs.il amimgtheirpeople, B. Kinana. So Khuaa'a possessedthetemple, 



n, Hulayl b. Habashiya b. 



,forhisdaughterHubba. Hulayl 
him 'Abd al-Dilr, *Abd Manaf, 
hat the l liiKlrt ii cf Qusa\v had 
idreputationHulayluicd. Now 
m than Khuza'a and B. Bakr to 

,. ja and Mccca, and that Quraysh werc the noblest off- 

ii>ring of Ishmael b. Abraham and the purcst descendant 
He spoke to Quraysh and B. Kinana asking them - J " 
and B. Bakr from Mecca and they ag — J " 



Qusayy b. Kilab asked Hulayl b. Hubshiyi 
agrecd and gave hcr to him and shc bare 
Abdu'J-'U/.y.:i, an;i 'Ab.!. B\ tht timc l 
spread abroad and increased in wealth ar 
Qusayy thought that 






f'Udhra 



,. Z.ivd h; 



i. M:-.:i 



Rabi'atookFatimaa« 



TheLifeofM 

d, while Qusayy had just 

.. When Qusayy reached 
mait's estate hc came to Mecca and dwelt there. 

Thus it was that when his people asked him to join them in thc war he 
wrote to his bnjtii Oa same mother, asking him to 

come and support him. Thereupon Rizah set out accompanied by his half- 
biothers Hunn, Mahmud, and Julhuma, all sons of RabT'a but not by 
hatinia. togcihci wilh a nunihtr of Qu,Li'a among the Arab pilgrims, having 7 i 
agreed to support Qusayy. 

Khuza'a sllcge '. ■ 

when hc saw hnu !iis ihuiti hed, saying: 'You 

have a better right to thc Ka'ba and to rule in Mecca than KhuzaV, so that 
this was the reason why-Qusayy acted as he did. But this is a story which 
we have not heard from any other source, and only God knows the truth. 
(T, When the people had assembled in Mecca and gone to the mavpf, 

i|ki l-i J i n l down to Mina, Qusayy assembled his posses- 
sions and his Mlowcrs from his own tribc of Quraysh, the B. Kinana, and 
such of the Quda'a as wcte with him, there only remained the ceremony of 
dismissai.)' 



-Ghauth b. Murr b. Udd b. al-Ya's b. tl 

ildren after him. He and his sons used I 
ed to exercise this hinction becausc his mothcr was a woman of Jui 
ao had been harren and vowed to Alkh that if shc bore a son she V 
re him to the Ka*ba as a slave to serve it and to look after it. In cou 
ne shc gave birth to al-Ghauth and he used to look after the Ka' 
rly times with his Jurhum uncles and presided over thc order of dep: 
nm 'Arafa becausc of the office which he held in 



•h=r.«it«lfi 5 <;.ll«l'W<.,»' 



-Ghaut 



,:■ h ,'■•;■, 1 



attcr the dcath of Kilab and had married Fatima d, Sa*d b. Sayal. (Zuhra 



The Life of Muhammad 
referring to the fulfilment of the mother's oath, sa 

votee in Mecca the eialted. 

less me for the vow fulfilled, 

make hitn the best of creatures to my credit. 

ly when he sent the people av 
le esample of others. 



is OudaYi 

Yahya b. 'Abbad b. 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr from 
SQfa used to send the people away from 'Arafa anc 
to depart when they left Mini. When the day 



slitlh.-r- 






of SGfa used 
'hosewhoha, 



yoa,' and he would say, 'No, by God, not until the 
those who Witnted to leave quickly used ti 
■ libui d vou, getup andtl 
lou n and then he would get up 



ng and wanted to feave Mina, Sufa he 



r m> m a y an J lollowed them. This 



Whcr tbcy had Anished the st. 
both sides of the hill and kept th 
depart, SQfa.' No one left i 

was the practicc until ihcy 

herited. They were of B. Sad m tn. 

Shijna (^03). ft was Safwan who gave permission 10 tne piigin.is ... ...>■.. 

fn ii i in 1,1' 11 , I II ■ ' in.J h) them up to lslam, the lai 

being Karib b. Saiwan. 

Aus b. Tamlm b. Maghra' a!-Sa'di ~- J - 



ut off. After tbem 



al-Harith b. 



The pil( 

Cntil it 



■■tld, '(,ive 






O family of Safwan.' 



I b, 'Amr the 'Adwlnite who was called Dhu'1-Isba' becat 



The Life of Muham 
Some acted unlawfully agains 



/i,.l I M lnll li i-I.il -i'r , ,, .mtheauthority 
IshĔi|, thcy us.d lo pass it on from fath 
Islam came, Abu Sayyiint 'l. niiiyla b. 



was with 'Adwan, as 78 





Wc have defended Abu Sayyara 




And his clients the Banu Faz5ra 




Until he made his ass pass thrDugli BafeJy 




As he faced Mecca praying tc its Gmiriiian. 


Abu Sayyii- 


uscd to send away the people whiU- viiiii:v: npoi 


his; that is why he says 'making his ass pass safely'.' 


r AMIR E 


ZARIB B. '■•,« B.-ITADH B. YASHKUR B. 


His words ' 


judge who gave decisions" refers to the above-ti 


Arabsuscdtorefereverysei 














matter betor 


, so hc said, 'Wait awhile until I h"ve looked into 


for by AUah 




they agrced to wait, and he passed a sleepless night turning the 






Sukhayla wh 


used to pasture his flock. It was his habit to tea 




in the morning hy saying -srcaMi.-ally. 'Yihi' 


morning, Sukhayla'; and whcn she rctumed :it nighr hc worsld 






come back la 


c 111 thc cvemng after the others, Now whcn this 


he could not 


slecp and tiiised abnut on his bcd she asked wha 


was. 'Geto 


Jt artd !eave me alone, for it is none of your b 


retorted. H 




might he tha 


si-ic wmik: pr.,vi,.k: iiini witii some solution of his 


he a-id: 'W 


11 then, I was asked to adjudicate on the inhe 



5Z Tht Lift of Miihammad 

, hermaphrodite. Am I to make him »™.r. woman?' By Godl do not 
know uhat to do and I can see no way out.' She said, Good God, mcrely 
followthecours t ,1 , t | • I ' ' ' ' l 

forth, Sukhay ta ; you have solyed my problem,' said he. Then in themorn- 
the people and gave his dectsion m thc tra ahe Md 






W QUSAi 



I, Ql H' 



QIipA' 

In that year Sufa behavcd as they werc accustomed. The Arabs liail bom 
thcm patientiy since they felt it a duty in the time of Jurhum and Khuza' 
when they werc in authonty. Ousayy came to them wlth hts tnbcsme 
from Ouraysh aml li,::l::.i and Q.idii\i at al- Aqaba saying, We have 
better tight to this authon» th r, ,ou , Tlu.y d,*, 1 ... i> 
anothcr and thej tried to k.ll h,.,. ] ' »°wed result.ng ■ 

the defeat of Sufa, and Ousayy ai 
Thereupon Khuza'a and B. B; 

ne ... ould come hetwecn them am 
theyhadw.thiirawn.tjus:.!,*!!,.» 
nght them. <T- His brother Rn 
«„,„1 v.r'l: him.) Khl "' 



Qusayy ktiowing that 
rule of Mccca. When 



vaney _ of'MeccaandbothpartiessurTcrLj hmily. 
they agrecd to makt p md thtt «HM tt 



bs should 
.. They appointed 
Ka'DT'Amir"h. Layll. b EUkr 1, 'Ab.lu Maoat b. Kini.ua. His ccdict 
was that Qusayy had a better clai.n to the Ka'ba and to rule Mecca than 
Khuza'a and that all blood sbcd by Qu«ayy was to be cancelled and com- 

.n-ardcd, but Kmiz3'aand E. Bakr must pay r 
men of Ouraysh, Kinana, and Quda'a whomthey had^Uled^and Aat 
Qusayy should ' 



'Auf w 



,, !,:„( C. 






litted it (.04). 



the temple and Mect 



the 
md brought 



ipon himselt v.l:,cli 1n: i.iu n, 
5 "coiifirmed the family of Safwin and 'Adwan 
lurrab. •AutmtliL,, < tomary riiih .. !.. 



The Life of MuhanmiaJ 
£s'b b. Lu'ayy to assume kingship and to be obeycd by his pcople 
.. He held the keys of the temple, the rigbt to water thc pilgrims fr. 









people and he settled al 
■raysh into their liniuw-- in Mccc:, wliirlt tlicy held. 
People assert that the Quraysh were aitaid to cut down the trees o 
tictuary in their quarters, but Qusayy cut them down with his own 

through his assistants. Quraysh called him the 'uniter' because ht 
ought them together and they drew a happy omen from his rule. S 

, , . ...... .,,..■.! i, .-.>■• . • inccn in marriagc, no 

arried, no discussiori about public affairs was held, and no bt 



reac!„:,l i.iarriau 
t. Thesh 






er head in 



tu hi-r ju-opk .' Hisauthorit 
his death was lil. 



h led to the m 



iselfthcho 



of the Ka't 
cr said that 



it .hc 



Ouraysh used to sen.c thcir aliair: 

'Abdu'1-Malik b. Rashid told m 
Sa'ib b. Khabbab, author of al-Maafura, reporting that he heard a 
Klling 'Umar b. al-Kliaitiih wlu-u he wus caliph thc story of Qusayy, how 
he united Quraysh and expelled Khuza'a and B. Bakr from Mecca, and 
how he gained control of thc temple and the atTairs of Mecca. Umar made 
no attempt to gainsay him. (T. Qusayy's authority in Mecca, wherc he 
enjoyed grcat esteem, remained uncontcsted. He Ieft the pilgrimage un- 

'■.■ V.r„. b. al Jl.i.1 ,:!i b. Shijna bj 
right of inheritance. 'Adwan, the Nas'a of B, MSlik b. Kinana, and Murra 
fore until Islam came and God dcsli 



When Qusayy's war was over 

hia own land with his countryme, 

composed the following poem: 

When a messenger came Fro 



Castiog from us the halF-hearted an 
We rode all night until the dawn 



t.i,..il, ■-, U :!,!':, 



. ■ The Life of Muhammad 

Wc riul. LtL-d tribesmen from Sirr and the two Ashm: 

From every tribe a clan. 

What a nne force of cavalry that night, 

More than a thousand, s»ift, smooth-paced! 

When they passecl by al-'Asjad 

And took the easy road EronJ 

And passed by the edge of Wariqan 

And paased by al-'Arj, a tribe encamped thcre, 

They passed by lli 1 .-n hcs v> iihout cropping th 

Running hard the livelong night from Marr. 

We brought the colts near their mothcrs 

TliitL i!ki.r iic:rli : !^ imght be gentle, 

And when we came to Mecca \¥e 

Subdued the men tribe by tribe. 

We smote them there with the edge of thc sword 

And with every stroke we deprived thcm of thcir witf 

We trod them down with our horses' hooves 

A: . ■ ■ ■ ' 

W< liilii.l ICIiuza'a to their homeiand 
And Bakr we killed group by group. 
We drove them fron " " 









We kept them bound 


n iron tetters.' 
nched our yengeance. 




ThaUaba b. 'Abdullah b. Dhubyan b. al-Harith b. Sa'd Hudha 
Quda'T said concerning Qusayy's invitation and their response: 


From the sandhill 
To the lowlands o 
In a barren depre 

But the sons 0f 'A 
Leaped to their sM 


lendcr high-slepping horses 
, the sandhills of al-Jinab 




Qusayyb. Kilabsaid: 






I am the son 


f the protcctors, the B. Lu'ay) 





The Life of Muhammad 55 

Mine is ! the valley as Ma*add knows, 

Its Marwa I delight in. 

I should not have conquered had not 

The sons of Qaydhar and Nabit settled there. 

Riz5h was my helper and through him I am greai, 

I fear no injustice as long as I live. 
When Riz5h was eslahlishcd in his country God increased him and 
Hunn in numbers. (They are thc two tribes of 'Udhra today.) Now when 
he came to his country thcre had bcen a matter in dispute between Riiah 
on the one hand jii N«M 1 ....', ld Hautaka b. Aslum on thc other, 
thev lieing two clr-ris tif Quda'a. He put them in fear so that they clave to 
the Yaman and left the Quda'a country and remain in the Yaman to this 
day. Now Qusayy was well disposed to Quda'a and wanted them to in- 
crease and be united in their land because of his kinship with Rizah and 
because of their goodwill to him when thcy responded to his appeal fot 
help. Ke disliked what Riz«h had done to them and said : 



That I 
I blame 



He who treata thcm badly ha 



b. Zayd 



s'lifetir 



■t had to be i 






'ByGod,mysoi 
; though they have a greater reputation than yours; none 
the Ka'ba until you open it for them ; none shall give 
r banner but you with your own hand ; none shall drink 

use, it being the only place where Quraysh could settle 
i gave him the formal right» mentioned above. 
1 tax which Quraysh used to pay from their property to 
>tival. With it he used to provide food for the pilgrims 
who were unable to arTord their own provisions. Qusayy had laid this as a 
duty upon Quraysh, saying: 'You are God's neighbours, the people of his 
temple and sanctuary. The pilgrims are God's guests and the visitore to 
His temple and have the highest claim on your generosity ; so proyide food 
and dnnk for them during the pilgrimage until they depart out of your 
territory.' Accordingly they used to pay him every ycar a tax on their 
Aocks and he used to 'provide food for the people therefrom, while thev 



par with the othen 
of them shall ente 
the Ouraysh the w 



their affairs, ai 
ThtRi/ddn 



5 6 Tke Lifi of Muhammad 

were at Mina, and his people carried out this or.k r of lu:, il'ji-iii(! thc time 
of ignorance until Islam camc. To this very day it is the iood which Ihe 
sultan provides every year in Mina until the pilgrimage is over. 

My falhcr Ishncj b. Yasar from al-Hasan b. Mubammad b. 'Ali b. Abu 
1 ' e about this atTair of Qusayy's and what he said to 'Abdu'1-Dar 






i. '1 lu 



lu'1-Dar callcd Kubaih b. Wahb b. 'Amir b. 
8+ ■Ikrima b. 'Amir b. Hashim b. 'Abdii Manaf b. 'Abdu'1-Dir b. Qusayy.' 
al-Hasan saicl: 'Qusavy gave him all the authority that he had over his 



After the death of Qusayy his sons assumed his authority over the people 
and marked out Mecca in quarters, after he had allotted space there fur his 
own tribe. Thcy allotted quarters among their people and among other 
allies, and sold thcm. Quraysh took part in this with them without any 
discord or dispute. Then the sons of 'Abdu Manaf — 'Abdu Shams and 
Hashim and al-Muttalib and Naufal— agreed to seize the rights that the 
sons of 'Abdu'1-Dar possessed which Qusayy had given to 'Abdu'1-Dar 
tni:!: tll. :uii:ulv iht.s. n utr.tioned above. They ccnsidered that they had a 
bettet righl to iliem becauM nftl ei: ■■ - ncir position among 

thcir periple. Tlns caused clissension ainong Quraysh, one section siding 
with E. 'Abdu Manlf, and the other with B. 'Abdu'1-Dar. The Ibrmer 
held that tbe new claimants had a better right; the latter that rights whicli 
Qusayy had given to one branch should not be taken away from them. 

fhe leader of B. 'Ahdu Manaf was 'Abdu Shams, because he was the 
cltiest sim t.l hia father; and the leader of B. 'Abdu'1-Dar was 'Amit b. 
Hashim b. ' Abdu Manaf b. 'Abdu'1-Dar. The B. Asad b. 'Abdu'i-' UzzS b. 
Qusayy and B. Zuhra b. Kilab and B. Taym b. Murra b. Ka'b and B. al- 
HSrith b. Fihr b. MSlik b. al-Nadr were with B. 'Abdu Mai: 
B. 'Abdu'1-DSr were B. Makhzum b. Yaqaza b. Murra, and B. Sahm b. 
'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b and B, Jumah b. 'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b and 
B. 'Adiyy b. Ka'b. The men who remained neutral were 'Amir b. Lu'ayy 
ib, b. Fihr. 
I S They all made a nrm agreement that they would not abandon one 
another and would not betray one another as long as the sea wetted sea- 
weed. The B. "Abdu Man5f brought out a bowl full of scent <they assert 
that some of the women of the tribe brought it out to them) and they put 
it for their allies in the mosque" beside the Ka'ba; then they dipped their 
hands into it and they and their allies took a solemn oath. Then they 





Ka'ba 


strcngthening the 


solemnity 






called the Scented Ones 




The other s 




milar o 






TIut tlu 


tnbes formed groups an 


d bnked up 






Manaf 








du'1-Dar; 


y.ul.ra 


gainst B. Jumah 




V ;.!■:■: . . ■ 


1 B. al-Ha 


,th a fi a 


nst 'Adiyy b. Ka 






jldertermi 




opposing units. 




When the f 


eople had thus de 


cided on war, suddenly they 






ag the pilgrims and collecting the tax; and that access to the Ka'ba, 
the standard of war, and the asscmbly Iioik, shtmhl liclnng to llie 'Abilu'1- 
Dar as before. The arrangei::. l both sides and was 

carried out, and so war was prevented. Tbis was the state of affairs until 
God brought Islam, when the apostle of God said, ' Whatever alliance there 
was in the days of ignorance Islam strengthens it. 1 






b. Mim 



Juiullah b. Jud'an 



r,a'bb. 



i'ayy becai 



ar b. Ka't 



mid the 



enjoyed. Those party to the agreeme 

B. HSshim, B. '1-Muttalib, Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza, Zuhra b. Kilab, and 
Taym b. Murra. They bound themselves by a solemn agreement that if 
they found that anyone, either a natiye of Mecca or an outsider, had 8« 
been wronged they would take his part against the aggressor and see that 
the stolen property was restorcd to him. Quraysh called that contederacy 
'The Confederacy of the Fudul'. 

Muhammad b. ■ < :nrifudh al-Taymi told me that he 

heard Talha b. ' '• url say: The apostle of God said, 

T witnessed in the house of 'Abdullah b. Jud'an a covenant which I would 
of fine camels: if I were invited to take part 



in it during Islam I sh 
Yazld b. 'Abdullah b 



la b. al-Hadi al-Laythi told me that Muham- 
al-Tavini lokt liiui llial ihere was a dispute 
between al-rlusayn b. 'Ali b. Abu Talib and al-Walid b. 'Utba b. Abu 
Suryan about some property they held in Dhu'1-Marwa. At that time al- 
Walid was govemor of Mcdina, his uncle, Mu'awiya h. Abii Sufyan having 
given him the appointment. Al-Walid had dcfrauded al-Husayn of his 






.v,,:J;„, 



Makhrama h. Naufal al-Zuhri and 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. 'Uthman b. 'Ubay- 
dullah al-Taymi they said the same. As soon as he realized what was hap- 
peiiini! al-WalT.i gave al-Husayn satisfaction. 

This 5ame Yazid, on the same authority, told me that Muhammad b. 
Jubayr b. Mut'im b. 'Adiyy b. Natdal b. 'Abdu Man.li, uh„ was the mosl 
k-arned of thc Quraysh, mct 'Ahdu'1-Malit b Marwlin h. al-I.Iaka.n .. hen 
hc l.ad killcd Ilin al-Zuhayr and the people had gatbered against 'Abdu'I- 
87 Malik. When he went in to see him he soid : 'O AbC Sa'Td, were not we and 
you— meaning B. 'Abdu Shams b, Abdu Manif and B. Naufal b. 'Abdu 
Manal— partners in the confederaey of the Fudul?' 'You should know 
best,' he replied. 'Abdu'1-Malik said, 'No, you tell me, Abu Sa'id, the 
truth of the matter.' He answered: 'No, by God, you and we kc-pt out of 
that!' 'You're right,' said 'Abdu'1-Malik. 

:-!.";sHin I'. 'Ab.lu Manaf superintended the feeding> and watering of the 

11 11 1 II 1 1 r 1 II ih r tl ril. m \ K 

there he got up and addressed Quraysh thus: 'You are God's neighbours 
and the peoplc of His temple. At this feast there come to you Gad's visitors 
I 1 1 1 . 11 ' 1 1 id His guests have 

the best claim on your generosity ; so get together what ibod they will need 
for the time they have to stay here. If my own means were surBcient I 
would not lay this burden upon you.' Thereupon they taxed themselves 
each man aceordi:i!i ]<> his c;.pacitv and used to provide food for the pil- 
grims until they left Mecca. 

It is alleged that ] I ! 1 ll 1'- 11 1 11 I t . , 11 ■ 111 1 1 1- 



,!in \hc. 



inthiswayforhispeople 

ciimposed this pocm: 







The Life af Muhammad 


59 


travelline 








Man5fassumed 




offeed 


■ 1. ring the pilgrims. 


Hewasyo 


ii K crlh;tii'Abdu 




,1 1 1&, 


him. Hewasheld.n h.gl, es 


■ 


his people, who 




l:il-K 








Hashi. 


nhad 






Amr, one of B. 


'Adiyy b 




,:ir. Ik::iir<: that she had bec 




Uhayha b. al- 


Julah b. 




h b. Jahjaba b. Kulfa b. 'Auf 






al-Aus ai 




him a son called 'Amr. On 








V. Hjld ,.-,IV 


narry on c 








itioi .;! her own alTairs. Ifsh 


disliked a 


iian ,,:ic lctt l.im. 


" To H shim 


he bore 'Abdu'1-Muttalib ai 


d calkd h 


s 1, ;.....: Shayba. 


Hashim 


cft him with hcr while hc was a lii 


le boy. Thcn his uncle al- 


Muttalib 






his people in his 






a declined to let him go with 


him. His 






now old enough to trayel an 




cjtile away Iroin 


hisowntribew 


were the people of the temple, of grea 


local reputation, 



„t :::, t 



;,, :;,.■:■ I 



ould be among his own family, and thereron 

rcfused to go without him. It is popularly asserted that Shayba refuse 
... i.Ik.u". herninsciu : and this she ultimately gave. S( 

: : ' It "s al-Muttalibs s]ave whom he has bought' and that is 
he got the name of 'Abdu'1-Muttalib. His uncle called out: 'Rubt 












ought from Medina. 
a Radman in the Yarr 



r are the pilgrims now al-Mutfalib is 
re bowls with overflowing brims. 
lat he is gone would that Ouraysh wi 



O night! most miserable nigbt, 

Disturbing all other nights. 

With thoughts of what I suffer 

|..,iin surmw j;i I tht' lilows of fate. 

When I remember my brothcr .\anf:n, 

He reminds me of days gone by, 

He rcminds me of the red waist-sashes, 

The iine new yeliW robes. 

There wcre four of them, everyone a prin. 

Sons and grandsons of princes. 

One dead in Radman, one in Salman, 



,„ ;;■.,::-., 



■ 

Yea there are none like MughTra's children 
Among the living or the dead. 

: was al-Mughira. Hashim was the first of his sons to 



in M.c. 






die al ( rhazza m Syiia, Ebl] iw( A bj r Abda S 

lih iii Railician iii thc Yaman, iiml lustly \'c:u!a 1:1 salm.in in lraq. 

It wcis saicl 10 Matrild— at least they assert so— 'Your hnes arc vcry good, 
"nci if yccn bacc clcmc: more jcislicc to the theme they wouki hciyc lcccci atill 
bctter.' 'Give me a night or two,' he rcplied, and after a few days he 
produced the following: 

O eye, weep copiously, pour down thy tears, 

Weep over Mucti 1 ' n«d of Ka"b, 

O eye, eease not to weep thy gathering teara, 

Bewail my heartielt sorrow in life's misfortunes. 



Weep for generosity and Muttalcb 
Release the fountain of thy tears, 
Gone from us in Radman today as 



For Hashim 


n the grave in the mid 


st of tht 


Where the wind of Ghazza blows n 




Above all fo 


my fricnd Naufal 




Uhn r.iim.i 


a SalmSn a desert grav 




Never have 


known their Iike, Ara 




Whcn their white camels bore them 


















ihilated them or were 


heir sw< 


Or is every 1 


ving thing food for th 


Kntcs' 



Bewailing him with Aoods of tears. 
They mourn a man generous and liberal, 
Rejecting injustice, who settled thc greatest matters. 
They wecp for 'Amr aI-'L"la 3 when his time came, 

gl . h is nature as he smiled at the night's guests. 
They weep prostrated by sorrow, 
How long was the lamentation and woe! 



I wept an 




daughters wept to sbare my 






ual or p«r, ^ ^ 








are the best of sons, 


And they 






How man 




running fast 1k<i. 


Howman 




mare have they bestowed, 


Howman 


' a fine mettled Indian sword, 


Howman 




long as a well rope, 


Howman 




they give for the asking, 


Lavishing 


their gifts 


fai and wide. 








I could nt 


1 exhccust 




They are 


he foremo 




Wberever 






The omat 




tichtbeyhc* 


So that they have become solitary and forsaken, 


I say while my eye e 




May God 


spare the unfortunatc (family)! (108J 



By the 'father of the women with 
Hashim b. 'Abdu Manaf. 

Pcllowing his uncle al-Muttalib, 'Abdu'1-Muttahb b. 

jnlgrimsandcarri 

of his torcntthcrs cMth lcis pcoplc. He attained such eti 

his forefathers enjoycd ; his people bved him and his re 



Tke Lifi o/ Muhammad 



le Abdu'l-Muttalib was sleeping in the hijr,' he was ordered in i vi: 
% Zamzam. Yazid b . -:i Marthad b. 'Abdu 

azani from 'Abdullah b. Zurayr al-Ghanqi told mc that hc heard 
bu Tahb telling the story of Zamzam. He said that 'Abdu'1-Mutt 
: 'I was skeping in the /n> when a supernatural visitant came ands 
J Tlha". I said "And what is Tiba?"; then he left me. I went to 
1 the next day ajld slept, and he came to me and said "Dig Ban 



leeping and said "Dig Zamzam". I said, 



TwBl nwei Eatl or rarernm dry, 

'Twill water the pilgrim company. 

It lies 'twiit the dung and the nesh bloody, 

By the nest whcre the white-winged 

By the neat where the ants to and frt 



fly, 



i When the eiact spot had been indicated to him and he knew that it corre- 
spnndtd uith the facts, he took a pick-ane and went with his son al-Harith 
— For ihe had no othcr son at that time— and began to dig. When the top 
of the well appeared he cried Al . i ,ivsh knew that he 

had obtained his ohjeci. and they came to him and said, "T his is ihe utii :,f 
our father Ishmael, and we have a right to it, so give us a share in it.' 'I 
will not,' he ans.tt ■ ; ; nf it and not you, and I was the 

one to be given it.' They said: 'Do us justice, for we shall not leave you 
until we have got a judicial decision in the matter.' He said : ' Appoint 
anyone you like as umpire between us.' He agreed to accept a woman 
diviner of B. Sa'd Hudhaym, who dwelt in the uplands of Syria. So 



ve from all the tribcs of Cluraysh, rude away. Thc) v.ent on through 
esolate country between the Hijaz and Syria until 'Abdu'l-Muttalib's 
ampany ran out of water and they feared that they would t]:t ot tiiirst. 
'hey asked the Ouraysh tribes to give them water, but they rctiisctl, on 
te ground that if theygave them their water thry too wiiuld thc ..f tiiitsr. 



sirn.gili tl.ttl ht has lfft sntha 
[iitusi inii. iii!.. lin: l-.de sn.t li 



I..I1 shilulj diy ;i lu 

ry him until the la 
dthanawholecomp: 
todigal 



tIicysaldoviiu;i!:i I ■;, .-ii ■..-.! ..;■ .:. A .!.■:■ a liuie 'Ahtlii'1-Muttalih 

said to his compajtions, 'By God, to abandon ourse]ves to death in this 

pcrlup (10 i i II i l i , I i i I i - t 

got their beasts ready while the Quraysh watdYed thcm at work. 'Abdu'1- 
Muttalib went to his hwst and mounlcJ lier and when shc got up from her 9: 
knees a flow of fresh water broke out from beneath her feet. 'Abdu'l- 
Muttalib and his companions, crying 'Allah akbar!', dismouitlctl and driink 
and rilkd thcir water-skins, Then they imited the Quraysh to come to the 
t i. liimJ 'i n! ir m i i i i i . I i t I Alter they had done 

soandnlledtluir , i I i , rl ' l{> God, the judgement has been 

given in your favour 'Abdu'1-Mutt.tlib. U'e ivill nnti Jisputc your claim 
to Zamzam. He who has given you watcr in this wildcrncss Is I lc w hti lias 
given you Zamzam. Return to your orTIce of watering tlu: jiilgriitis iti 
peace.' So they all went back without going to tlie diyiner, 

This is the story which I heard as from ' Ali b. Abu Talib abuut Zamzam 

■ d to dig Zamzam it was said to him: 



Then pr 












ilgrims at the sites they re 
nothing to fear. 



Ot. l,t 



Jg these words he went to the Quraysh and said, 'You know that 
I have been ordered to dig Zainz;iin f;it y;,;i. ;ii:,l they asked, 'But have 
you heen told where it is ?' When he replied that he had not, they told him 
to go back to his bed where he had the vision and if it really came from 
God it would be made plain to him; but if it had comc from a demon, he 

slept and received lltt; folI;iuing nutssagc : 





Tke Life oj Muhammad 








'Twill n 












'Twill w 


ater the pilgrim co 


npany 








I.ikea» 


ostrich itock a frate 














graciously. 








\ gncl n DSt surefrom days 










Nought like it canst thou d 










It li<S 't 


vkt the dung and t 


he tlesh bloody (109).' 




thatwhe 


this was said to him and he inq 




whete Zamzam 












■ 


r . 1 i . lni il 


3. The.iicx 


day 


"Abd 


■Ulutta- 



lih wilh his snn al-Harith, who at that time was his 1 

found the ants' ncst and the taven pccking besidc lt b. 

Isif and Naila at which Quraysh u lJ t I 1 I 

brought a pick-axe and began to dig where he had been comm 

Quraysh seeing him at work came up and refused to allow him 

betwecn their two idols where they sacriticed. 'AbduT-Muttalib th 



his SOI 



id by ar 



. 



g, fcr 



deeply before the st 
God knowing that h< 
he found the two ga 



, I I 



oigging went furthei 
id buried there 
t. He also found some swords and coats of mail ftom Qal'i 
Qu"raysh ckimed that they had a right to share in this find. 'Abdu 
Muttalib denic.l this, but was willing to submit the 
lot. He said that he would makc two arrows for the K; 



hcn 



F. The tv 



it Ir-.i 






Id determine to whom the property belonged. This was agreed, and 
accordingly tic made two yellow arrows for the Ka'ba, two black ones for 

himsclf, aml 1111, nhitc oncs f,;r (lur.iysh. Tl.ey wcre then given to the 

(Ilubal wus an imagc in the middie of the Ka'ba, indced the greatest of 
lliur lmares, II is that rcferred to by Abu Suiyan ibn Harb at the battle of 
I liii.l uhi-n he eried 'Arise I lukii'. i.c. Makc JOBT religion t 



'■\K:u1 



Uioyril,.-.. 



1 allotted the swords and coats of mail to 'Ahdu'l- 
Muttalib, and the two arrows of Quraysh remained bchind. 'Abdu'l- 
Muttalih made the swords into a door for the Ka'ba and over]aid the door 
with thc golct of the gazclles, Tbis was the rirst golden ornament of the 
Ka'ha, at any rate so they allege. Then 'AbduT-Muttalib took charge of 
the supply of Zamzam water to the pilgrims. 



The Life of Muhemmad 



Bcfore the diggintt m /.!::.:: welk in Mecca, ... 

according to what Ziyad b. 'Abdullah aI-Bakka't told me from Muhammad 

b. Ishj.| Hcsakl thit 'Ahd.i Sijuik h. Ah.lu Manit" dug al-Tawr. wlncli 

,n,l h ', -„t il-Thaqaf[. 

Haslimi h. "AIilIu Mai\af ilug Haillldh.il tilurh is nc:u al-Must in.lh.i:. .-: 
spur tif Mount al-KhancIama at the mouth of the pass of Ahu Talib. They 
allcuc tli.it v.hen hc hail due it he saiil: '1 uill mak. n ,1 iricaua of suhsis- 
tencc tor thc pcople' (no). 

1 , , j - 1 1 I 1 , I ,i 1 ' I , ,1 ''.!,. h N j. 'il 
h. 'Ahdu Manal uhidi is still used today. Thc B. Naulal "nhcgc rbjt 
al-Mut'im bought it from Asad h. Hashim, whilc B. Hiishim allege rhat 
en Zamaamwas uncovered and peoplc had in rurther 



le B. Asad b. 



■Dar 

m Khalal" 



usefor1 

Umayya b. 'Abdu Shams dug a[-Hafr foi 

dugUmmAhrad '1 ' |,ii .1 -c I iv unhelor.t- 

h, Wjhh. The li. Sahmdiig al-tlhamr uhirh hi-l.mgs to them. 

There i.ere Mlllic old wells OLltiiile Mccca dating tnnn tlu 111:1:- Dl Mliit 
b. Ka'b and Kilah h. Murra fron: whicii rhe rinr p-inccs of Quraysh usci 
to draw water, namely Rumm and Khumm. Rumm was dug by Murr 
b. Ka'b b. Luayy, and Khumm by B. Kilab b. Murra, and so was al-Hafr. 
IdpoemotHudhaytah. CJhjiiim. brothcr of B. 'Adiy b. Ka' 




The Life of Muhamma 
ne family in which the I 



: we give the pilgrims ws 
crifice the fat milch cam 



Though we perish (for none can liw 
A stranger shall not rule our kin. 
Zamzam belongs to our tribe. 
We will pluck out the eyes of those 
Hudbayfa b. Ghanim [mentioned above] s 
(Weep for him) who watered the pi 



i. Ifth 



. a body, 01 



The Life oj Muhammad 
ranted to circumc.se a boy, or mak, 

leahigy, iheylnokhi: 

themtot 



iaslaughtert 
r] R : lots: ili.-i: they brought near the man witn wnom tney uere timcernca 
.sriyitu.'. ' : ' om" it".' inl " ]rt ■' [ hc son of E with whom we lntenii totlo so and 
30; so show the right course conccrninr; him.' Thcn they wuulil suy tn the 

they could bring it up again. They used to conduct their affairs according 

'Abil:i'l-Muttalib said to the man with the arrows, 'Cast the lots for my 
rrows', and hc told him of thc vow which he had made. 



i:.k-b rn:rii n:lvc him the ar 
dullah was his " "' 
were born to F 
Yaqa7.1b.Mun 



's youngest 



he and al-Zubayr arul A! ■:: T.llib 
'A"idh b. 'Abd b. 'Imran b. Makhzum b. 
,u'ayy b. Ghalib b. Fihr ( 1 1 3). It is allcgcd that 
alib'sfavouriteson,andhisfathertliuujl;: that 



It is allegcd, and God only knows the truth, that when 'Abdu'I-Muttalib 
eiiciiuntercd thc opposition of Quraysh when he was digging Zamzam, 
he vowed that if he should have ten sons to grow up and protect him, he 
would sacrifice one of them to God at the Ka'ba. Afterwards when he had 
:n sons who could protect him he gathered them together and told them 
' ep Eaith with God. They agreed to 
do. He said that each one of them 
:, and bring it to him: this they did, 
Hubal in the middle of the Ka'ba. (The statue of) 
there. It was that well in which gifts made to the 



abouthiiY. 

obey him and asked what they 



and he took them be 
Hubal' stood by a \ 
Ka'ba were stored. 

Now beside Hubal there were seven arrows, each of them containing 
some words. One was marked 'bloodwit'. When they disputed about who 
should pay the bloodwit they cast lots with the seven arrows and he on 
whom the lot fell had to pay the money. Another was marked 'yes', and 
another"no', and \. I Ottta 1 'i bti 1 " !■' 

had been invoked. A 



and 'Abdullah's arrow camc out. His father lcd him 
a large knife; thcn he brought him up to Isaf and N 

Ouraysh came out ot thur i nibl 1 ' wl ivh 
do. When he said that hc was going to sacrifice hi 
said 'Ey Godl you shall never sacrihca him until } 
espiatory sacriSce for him. If yau do 3 khtng like 

nl" thc penpie iIilh?' Thcn s.nu al-Mughira b. V 
A" ilh 1 1 1 > 1 ]i \ 1 ill il ■ • 1 r 1 . 
you shall never sacrifice lum until you offer the great 
for him. Though his ransom be all our propcrty 1 
Quraysh and his sons said 



forth. 

sulther. Then h 

he could accept i 






.0 they aliege. So thcy rode on until they 

j.tcd her with the facts she tr 

tiiiarspirhwisitedherandshermm: ::..;, hii 



•' ThcyH. 






o me. How much is 
and take the young m 



camels. Then cast lots for them and for 

man, add mort camcl nn I icr loi i tisiii-d I 

i Mcrince then is hi»«ad Btw yonr lord «B be Bstn 

anii your client escape death. So they returned to Mecca, and when l 
had agrecd to carry out their instructions, 'Abdu'1-Mi'"»'^ 
-.„ Allah. Then they hrought near 'Abdullah and ten ea 
iund by Hubal praying to Allah. Then the 
arrow fell against Abdullah. Thcy added ten more car 
against Abdullah, and so they went on adding^ 






te hundred camels, when nnaily the !ot 
: who were present said, 'At laat your lora u 
' 'Mci, hy God,' he answered (so they say), 'r 



satistied 'Abdu'l- 



rrowfellagainsttheca 
They were duly slaughtered and left there and 110 man was kept ba 
hindercd (from eating them) (114). 



Taking 'Abdullah by the hand Abdui-Muttalib went away and they passed 
— so it is alleged— a woman of B. Asad b. 'Abdui-'Uzza b. Qusayy b. 

1 "11 \ nrra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. Ghalib b. Fihr who was the sister of 
Waraqa b. Naufal b. Asad b. 'Abdui-'Uzza, who was at the Ka'ba. When 
she looked at him shc asked, "Whl ' ' U tulllb.?' He replied, 

'With my father.' She said, Tf you will take me you can have as many 
camels as were sacrihced in your stead.' T am with my father and I cannot 
act against his wishes and leave him', he replied. 

'Abdu'1-Muttalib brought him to Wahb b. 'Abdu Manaf b. Zuhta b. 
KilSb b. Murra' b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. GhSlib b. Fihr who was the leading 
man of B. Zuhra in hirth and honour, and he married him to his daughter 
ist escellent woman among the Quraysh in ' 



and posi 






l-'l ;■:■:. 



'Uthinan b. 'Abdu"-Dar b (Jusaw b. KilSb h. Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy 
Jhalib b. Fihr. Barra's mothcr was Umm Hablb d. Asad b. 'Abdui- 
iS b. Qusayy by Kilab b. Murra b. kab I'- .u"nyy b. Ghilib b. Fihr. 
iithcr was Barra d. "Auf b. 'iJbayd b. 'Uwayj b. 'Adiy b. 
t, b.' Lu-ayy b. GhSlib b. Fihr. _ 

: is alleged that 'Abdullah COJW msmcdiately and 

.idtheapostleof God.' Then he left her prest 9 u 
woman who had proposed to him. He askcd ber why shl did r,,»: 



Tke Liji 0/ Mubsmmad 
him the day 

:,,:::■ ■ ■■ 



before; 








hepassedhe 




Amina who 


inst them. Quraysh 


asked her if 



make the proposal that she 
,, p |,.-d -h..'r ihe li)[lil llwi ■• 

ahe no longcr had need of h -. 

b. Nauial, who had been a Christian and studied the scriptures, 
prophet would arise among this people, 
My father Ishaq b. Yasar ' ' ' 

ing in clay and the marks of the clay were on him. She put him ofF wl 
he ma.de a suggestion to her because of the dirt that was on him. He tl 
left her and wasi and as he made his way to Am 

and she invited him to come to her. He rehised and wen 

,nceived Muhammad. When he passed the woman again 

le wanted anything and sbe nic 

hite blaze between your eyes and when I invited you ; 
renised me and went in to Amina, and she has taken it away.' 
It is alleged that that woman of his used to say that when he 






nvited him hoping that that wou 
lt to Amina and she conceiyed tl 
d was the noblest of his people in 



I be in me, but he refused rne and 
apostle of God.' So the apostle of 



B. God bless and preser 



It is alleged in popular atorics (and only God knows the truth) that Amina 
d. Wahb, thc mother of God's apostie, used to say when sbe waa pregnant 
with God's apostle that a voice said to her, 'You are pregnant with the lord 
of this people and when he is born say, "I put hirn in the care of the One 
from theevil of every enyier; then -.all him Muhammad." ' As she was 
pregnant with hini she saw a light come forth from her by which she could 
see the castles of Busra in Syria. Shortly afterwards 'Abdullah the apostle's 
father died while his mother was still pregnant. 



The apostle was born on Monday, nth Rablui-awwal, in the year of the 
elephant. Al-Muttalib b. 'Abdullah who had it from his grandfalhei Qa\s 
b. Makhrama said, ' f and the apostle were born at the same time in the year 
of the elephant." (i . l! is iaid th n he W3S born in the house known as T 
I. Yusuf 's ; and it is said that the apostle gave it to 'Aqll b. Abu Talib who 
kcpt u umil he dicd. IIis son scjkl it tn Muhanimad b. Yusuf, thc brcither 



The Lije oj Muhammad 



schebuilt. Latr, h.i 






D P o£afortioYathrib"OcO! 

3 1 asked Sa'Id b. 'Abdu'I-Rahman b. Hassan b. t 
was when the apostle came to Medina and he sai 
apostle came, he bting 53. So Hassan heard this w 

After hia birth his m 



htilstiL-w.isorLicredtocallhim. It i 
m (T. berare Hubal) in the (T. 11 



.. Abu ] 



r S f„,-hin,(„ S ). 



b. Bakr ? 



ta b. Jabtr b. Riza 



). Mansur 



find foste 

Hallma 
Abu Dhu'ayb w: 

iWisua h. Qusayya b. Nasr b. Sa'd b. 
b. 'Ikrhra b. Khasafa b. Qays b. 'Aylan. 

The prophet's foster-father was al-Harith b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza b. Rifa'a b. 
Mallan b. Nasira b. Qusayya b. Nasr b. Sa"d b. Bakr b, Hawaiin (116). 

His fostcr-brothcr was 'Abdullah b. al-Harith; Unaysa .,.! Iludhahr 
were his losler-sisters. Thc lattcr was called al-Shayma', her peiiplc nol 
using her proper name. These were the children of Halima d. 'Abdullah 
b. al-I.larith. It is reported ttiat al-Shayma' uscd to ca. 
to help her mother. 



:y hiin 11 hci ;„- 



autliority of 'AbduJIah b. Ja'fi 



f al-HSrith b. Hitib aUJumahi on the 
f\bil Talib or from one who told him it 
" aa the apostle's fostcr-mother used to 
say that she went torth trom her country with her husband and little son 
whi: I ,1 ll 1 1 1 I I, 1 II nllur 

4 babies to nurse. This was ayear of faminc when thcy wcrc deslitute. Slie 
was riding a dusky she-donkcy of hcrs with an old she-camel which did not 
yield s. drop of milk. They could not sleep the whole night bccause of the 
.:<< :,i,iL r :,i tu,r buiigry child. She had no milkto give him, nor could their 

' Kh»y«utfnvn»thc »,Il o, :l,i ciliph ,i[.M.,hJI li S SJ.,il..™d;,shi-,!i.l 1,1,1 p™ bi-i lirr 



When 



-t-adic.l Ml-lc;i, iv, 
,s orTered t 



as an orphan, because we hoped to get p ■ • 
child's father. We said, "An '„ , , , , ., mother and grand- 

father do ?", and so we spurned him because of that. Every woman who 
came with me got a suckling escept me, and when we decided to depart I 
said to my husband : "By God, I do not like the idea of returning with my 
f, uiids witliout a suckling; I will go and tike that orphan." Her eplied, 
"ilt: as yoit pleasc, perhaps Go-J witi H, s- ,'-: ,,,, iiis aceount," So I went 
and took him for the sole reason that I could not find anyone else. I took 
liim baok to uiy haggage, and as soon as I put him in my bosom, my breasts 
,,. 1 ! ., ,, il 1 11 \, 1 1 r 1, 1 1. it [ li .1 1 , li ' 1 

foslL-r-biiithcr Tt.L-11 hctlnil thctn slt-pt, whereas before this we could not 
sleep with him. M.v 'm-ban.i] gnt np aml wcni to thc oht she-caiin-l aiid ln, 

were completely satisfied, and we passed a happy night. In the morning 
my husband said: "Do you know, Halima, you have taken a blessed crea- 

oiIht liiuikcys could not keep up so that my companions said to me, "Con- 
found yout stop and wait for us. lsn't this the donkey on which you 
startL-d" : " "Certainly it js," I said. They replied, "By God, something 
' as happcned.' ' Tben we came to our dwellings in the BanG 



Sa'd co 






Whenwehadhim withusm) lloii ;;-;.! ' 
milked thcm and drank while other people 
find atiything in their animals 1 udders, so 
rhL.i staphetd, "\Wtoyoutscndyournt 
of Abu Dhuayb's shepherd goes." Evcn so 
not yiclding a drop of milk, 1 '" 









in abundance. We ceased 

m God for a pcriod ,1! two wars, 
when I weancd him. He was growing up as none of the otber children 
grew and by thc t;m:: !,; „;,. twn he was a well-madc chiki. Wl- brourrht 

- ; liit-h he broughtus. I said to her: 1 "I shiiuld like 

you to leave my litlle h.n v,,th uu aiuil hc hecomes a big boy, for I am 
afraid on his account of the pest in Mecca," We persisted until she sent 
him back with us. 

bchind the tiiita when liis brother came running and said to us, "Two men 



him and found him 

askedhiir 

and threi 



The Life o/ Mui 
eized that Quray. 






1 opened up my belly an 



His rither said to me, "I am afraid that this child has had a stroke, Bi 
take him hack to his family before the result appears." So we picked hin 
up and took him to his mother who asked why we had brought him whei 
1 had been anxiovjs for his welfare and desirous of kceping him with me 
I said to her, "God has let my son live so far and I have done my duty. I an 



• 






wished." Sheai 




tiat happened ar 






ace until I told 


her. Whenshe 




feared a demon 




ed him, 


replied that 


did. Sheanswe 




o demon had an 




over her 












n she was pregnant witri 














Syria, and that 


she had 


>orne him with the least difficu 


II i,n;,;,i,i;ii,li- 




im he pu 








shcadtoward 












Thaur b. Ya 


M lYorr. 


a lMined persc 


n who 


1 ", r, 


was KhShd b 



i w*» 



Ksi:n : 



i. Hes 






for and thc good news of (T. my brother) Jesus. When my mother was . 
carrying me she saw a light proceeding from her which showed her thc 
casties of Syria. 1 was suekled among the B. Sa'd b. Bakr, and while I was 
with a brother of mine behind h;.- lambs, two men 

seized me and opened tip : , 

theyejrtractedalili „ , i • . i >■ lt aw a> , then they washed my 

heart and my belly with that snow until they had thoroughly cleaned them. 
Then one said to the other, weigh him against ten of his people ; they did so 
and I outweighed them. Thun : Iaat a hundred and 

then a thousand, and I outwei^:: ive him alone, for 



when I was in the upper part of Mecca he escaped me and I don't know 

of Quraysh found him and brought him tn 'Al '. 

took him and put him on his shoulder as he went round the Ka'ba connding 
him to God's protection and praying for him; then he sent him to his 

A learned person told me that what urged his foster-mother to return 

himtohis mother. ;i|U' V ;■■,: v.j,..i b I Id ; ■ i . v as that a number 

of Abyssinian Christians saw him with her when she brought him back 
after he had been weaned. They Iooked at him, asked questions about him, 
and studied him carefully, thcn they said to her, 'Let us take this boy, and 
bdng li:m t.> our king and our country; for he will have a great future. 
We know all about him.' The person who told me this alleged that she 



The apostle l!ini «rrl li ..- motbm Aminl d. Wabb and his grandfathcr 
'AlidJl-Miutalib in God's care and keeping likc ahne plant, God wishing 
to honour him. When he was six years old his mother Amina died. 

•Abdullah b. Abu Bakr b. Muhammad b. 'Amr b. Hazm told me that the 
apostle's mother died in Abwa' between Mecca and Medina on hcr return 
from a visit with him to his maternai unclcs of B. 'Adly b. al-Xajjai when 
he was six yeara old (117). Thus the apostlc was left to his grandfather for 
whom they made a bed in the shade of the Ka'ba, His sons used to sit 
round the bed until he came out to it, but none of them sat upon it out of 
respect for him. The apostle, still a little boy, used to come and sit on it 11 
and his uncles would drive him away. When 'Abdu'1-Muttalib saw this 
he said: 'Let my son alone, for hy AUah he has a great future.' Then he 
would make him sit beside him on his bed and would stroke his back with 
his hand. It used to please him to see what he did. 



The 




ofGodusedt 


say, There is no prophet 


but has shepherded 


B fiVk 




they said, 'Yc 


u, too, apostle of God ?', h 


e said 'Yes.' 


TIil- 








am the most Arab 






nofQuraysh, 


and 1 was suckled among 


ie B. Sa'd b. Bakr. 


Itisallegedby 






n his foster-mother 


brought him 




scaped her among the cr 








lis people. She sought him and could r 


ot find him, so she 


went to 'Abd 


'1-Muttaub a 


nd said: 'I brought Muhammad tonight and 



nebyal-'At 



When the apostle was eight years of age, eight ye 

date wasgi.-.. ..... 

'Abdullah b. Ma'bad b. al-'Abbas from one of his family. 

Muhammad b. Sa'Id b. al-Musayyib told me that when 'Abdu'1-Mutta- 
lib knew thal death was at hand he summoned his six daughters Saflya, 
Barra, 'Atika, Umm Hakim al-Bayda \ Umayma, and Arwa, and said to 



them, 'Con 



'Abdu'I-Muttalib said in mourning her Etther: 
ould not slcep for th> vyuccs t>f iln keening m 



l)i«nm-> 


heeks like fa 


ling pcarls 


For a noble 


man, no wretched weal 






to all. 






ull of merit 


Thv good 










eakling, 








Powerfuh fear-inspiring 




Praised and 


obeyed by 


is pcoplc, 



His daughter Earra sah 



rpassing glory and long desi 
O eycs, with your pearly tei 



Of handsome facc, of great nobility. 
Shayba, the laudable, the noble, 

Thc K |nri„iis ? thc misirity, tlii' renouncii, 
Thc clcmciit, dccisivc in niisiortunes, 
Full of generosiry, huish in gifts, 
l'\ci 1ei.il' li-- pciiplts in glory, 
:\ liiiht sliiiunti hk. thc inoon in its splendi 
:)catli ..1.111. io lnri ■ind s.iarcd him n.u 
Change and fortunc unii liitc oscrtook hini. 
;hter ' Atika said : 

Be generous, O eyes, and not niggardly 
V\ith yuiir tcnrs whcn others sleep, 
YWcp copiimsly, cycs, with ynur tetirs, 



Tke Lifc o/ Muham. 
Weep, O eyes, long and freely 
For onc, no dotard wcakling, 
The strong, gencrniis 111 iimc of i 
N.ililc in purpnse, faithful lo his 
Shayba the laudable, i 



The reliable an 



tciKly, 



His house proudly rooted in high hono 


Moiinteil to glory uiiohtainalilc 


hv oth 


er Umm Hakim al-Bayda' said: 




Wccp, ey ..ii i 1 liiil 


11,1 IhJ 


Wecp f<„- thc liberal and gener 




lic il[hj|i tiicc cyc. hclp nic 








Weep for the best man who ever rode 


Thy good father, a rountain of 




Shayha thc generous, the vtrtu 






Lavish to his family, handsome 




Welcome as rain in years of dr 










ii.lly. 


Chiet of Kinana on whom thei 




Wben evil days brought cakm 




Their niiipc whcii v,.ir l.rokc t 




In trouble aritl dirc ilistic.ss. 





Wcep for him, refrain not from grief, 

His daughter Umayma said: 

Alas, has the shepherd of his people, thc gcnerous on 

Who gave thc pilgrims tlicir uiircr, ilic dcicndcr of oi 

Who used to gather the wandering guest into his tent 

When the heavens begrudged their rain. 

You have the nobiest sons a man could have 

And have never ceased to grow in famc, O Shayba! 



■11 ;r 



;ls Icft lns placc, 



Noble in mind, lofty in aim, 

The innmlii"u] Shayba full »1 vii 
Thy good father who has no pe< 
Long armed, elegant, tall, 
'Twas as though his rorehcad sr 
i.can wiu-u-J handaome, tull of 
Glory, rank, and di^iiity <\cr<: li 
Husciiiina wrong, srni lni;, ahlc 
His jnccsiral fame could not be 
The refuge of Malik, the spring 



And bold when blood was to be shed, 
,Yhcn artncd men were afraid of death 
So that the hearts of most of them were 



The cynosure of all eyes. 
Muhammad b. Sa'id b. al-Musayyib told me ! that 'Abdu'1-Multalib 
made a sign to tht eiieci thal he w.is sjnsiied with the elegies, for he could 

llill , ' | "i, n i ill i - I \,|ii b, Ka'h h. Lu'ayy, mentioned 

hissupcriority and that of Qusayy and his sons over the Qi i r 
he had been seized for a debt of 4,000 dtrhams in Mccca and Abu Lahab 
Abdu*l-'Uzza b. Abdu'L-Muttalib passed by andredeemed him: 

O eyes, let thc ge 1 1 the hreast, 

Weary not, may you be washed with falling rain, 

Be generous with your tears, every morn 

Weeping for a man whom fate did not spare. 

Weep Hoods of tears while life does kst, 

Over Quraysh's modest hero who concealed his good deeds, 

A powerful zealous defender of his dignity, 

Handsome of face, no weakling, and no braggart, 



The Lije of Muhammad 

Their best in root and branch and ancestry. 
Most famous in nobility and reputation, 
First 11: glory, kindness and sagacity, 
And in virtue when the lean years enact their toll. 
Weep over Shayba the praiseworthy, whose face 
lllumined the darkest night, like the moon at the fu 
Who watered the pilgrims, son of him who broke bt 
And 'Abdu Manaf that Fihrl lord, 
Who uncovered Zamzam by the Sanctuary, 
Whose control of the water was a prouder boast th 
Let every captive in his misery weep for him 
And the family of Ousayy, poor ajld rich alike. 
Nohle are his sons, both young and old, 



Qusayy who opposed Kinana all o£ thein, 


And guarded the temple in weal and woe. 


Though fate and its changes bore him away, 


He Iived happy in successml achievement, 


He left behind well armed men 


Bold in attack, like very spears. 


Abu 'Utba who gave me his gift, 


White blood camels 01 the purest white. 


Hamna like the moon at the full rejoicing to give, 


Chaste and free from treachery. 


And 'Abdu Manaf the glorious, defender of his honour, 


Kind to his kindred, gentle to his relatives. 


Their men are the best of men, 


Thtai youmg men like the offspring of kings who neither f 






Yn.i v, II! iind him going in the path of his forefathers. 


he vale with fame and glory 


Whcn rivalry and good works had long been practised, 5 


Among them are great builders and buildmgs, 


'Abdu ManJf their grandfather being thc repaircr nf tlicir 


Whcn hc mai-ricd 'Auf to his daughter to give us protectio 


From our enemies when the Banu Fihr betrayed us. 


We wcnt ibrough the land high and low under his protecti 


Unti! our camels could plunge into the sea. 


They lived as townsmen while some were nomads 



Tke Lifc nf Muk, 






They built many houscs antl dug wells 
Whose waters rlowed as though from t 
That pilgrims and othcrs might drink 
When thcy hastened to them on the rr. 
Three days rheir camels lay 
Quietly between the mountains and th 



,.-|,:„lh, 



Imm Kluin 



They forgot 


wrongs normally a 


venged, 




And overiooked fooltsh slander 






They collec 








And turned 


■rom us the evil o 


the Ban 


Bakr. 


Kl,lrii.i.= 


when I die ceasc n 


at to thank them 


1. rttil v<>„ 1 


c !:u, in llie »r,ivc 






And forget 


ot Ibn Lubna-s ki 






A kindneas 
















s hujiu-sr liopij is ;: 






Thyself has 


2ame,1 tiie lu-iL'ht 






And joined 








Surpassing and esceedmg thy pcople in 


^'iienis 



How nohle 


e, mcesln in t 


esummitofsplendour! 


Abu Shamir 


i ,l 


Amr b. Malik 




And Dhii Jadan and Abul-] 






As'ad who 1 


d the peopk- frir 






Assuring vic 


oty in those \m 


ds (l2o). 




riid b. Ka'b 


hc KhuziVite bewailing 'Abdii 


-Muttalib 


lil M.ll,Sls;ll 








wanderer 






Why hast thou not asked of 


tie family of 


Yluli. Mim 


Good God, 


v,,„ l,:,d liicj 


n their home 




Tll:-V W.Hlld 


havc sau-d ynu 




d unworth 


Their rich rr 


inglc with their 






So that thei 




w,-„lll.v. 






bad, 




Wlin i, :,,.,] wilh the c„r,;v.,,i 






Who feed m 


n when the :nl 


. 




Until the su 


sinks into the 







Never has the neckh 



The Life of Muhammad 



father's sons. When Islam came it i 






Tabb, for (so 
he and 'Abdi. 
Fatima d. "A 
Abu Talib wl 



Abdu'1-Muttalib the apostle Iived with his uncle Abu 
llege) tlu- u.riiu-r liad conndcd him to his care because 
le apostle's tatliur, wcrc brothers by the same mother, 
'A'idh b. 'Abd b, 'Imran b. Makhzum (121). It was 
1 to look after the apostle after the death of his grand- 
tather and he became one of his family. 

Yahya b. 'Abbad b. 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr told me that his father told 
him thlt there was a man of Lihb ( izz) whu v. ,„,i s;-t r, Whenever he camc 
to Mecca the Quraysh used to bring thcir boys to him so that he could look 

claimed his attention. That disposed of he cried, 'Bring mc that boy.' 
When Abu Tjh > s i I, . i lu hul him and the seer began to say, 
*Woe to you, brin}; tnc that boy 1 saw j„st now, for by Allah he has a grcat 
Euture.' But Abu Tibb went away. 



THE BTOEY OF BAHIRA 
Abii Talib had planned to go in a mcrchant caravan to Syria, and wher 
preparations had been madc for "!,;■ i:u„ u, , , llu .ipostle of God, so t 
.. , : ;:is,li •■lnsely to bim so that he took pity on him and ! 
that he would take Itim with luiu, :;;,,! : ; -;„ lh< two of lltem should ne 
part; or words to that cffect. When thc caravan reached Busrl in Sy 
there was a monk there in hts cell by'the name of Hnliliii, wlm v.as , 
versed in the ki; A monk had always occupied t 

cell. There he gained his knowledge from a book that waa ui the cell 
they allege, handed on from generation to gcneration. They bad ol 



g The Life of Mitlliinmtaii 

passed hy him in thc past and he never spoke to t 
of them until this year, and when thcy stopped r 
great fcast for them. It is alleged that that was b. 
saw while in his cell. They allege that while he w; 
apostle of God in the carimn when they approacl 
him among the peopk. 



the el 



i when i 



>d tbc tn 



rr ll.c 



and drooping o\ 
was in thc shadow bcneath tt. When Bahlra saw 
cell and sent word to them,* 'I have prepared food 
aysh, and I should likc vou all to coinr huth grcai 
rce.' One of them said to him, 'By God, Bahtra! 
■, has li.ippcncii today, you us 



together wit 
under the tr 
the people he did not 

They told him that n 



.at you say, but you are g 
tld give you tood so that you may eat.' 
him, leaving the apostle of God behind 



f aa today?' He 
,ts and I wish to 



i he stared at him closely, loi „ 
cription (in the Christian bouka). When t 
I gone away.t Dahirj tjiil up and said tu !. 



d>di I-Viittilih.' Thenhegotup 
th the people.* When Bahira saw 



Allah nothii 



iicnririg l.i tht-sc grids, They allcec thal the 
Dij n nt nsk me by al-Lat and al- , UzzS, for by 
;ful to me than tliese twti ' liahira ons.icrcd, 
it I ask'; lie rcplieJ, 'Ask mc what you likc'; sof 
what happcnc.l iii !iis(T n.lkinc' aud m his) 
lis affairs generally, and what the apostle of God 





ked al his back 


and saw 


,i scal 


ofp 




■!.. 












' ' 






■meJr 


\bu Tali 








him, and ■ 




lold 1,1, 11 










ld ..- b 


fn.it 


he father 


i.f this 


■„y 






■!*.■ 










' icya 



The Life of Mulmitimiid 8r 

said, and whett he asked what had become of his lather he told him that he 
had dicd bcfore the child was born. 'You haie t.ilil ilie truth,' said Unlnra. 
'Take your nephcw back tn his country and guard him cantiilii agauisi tlu 
Jews, forby Aliah! if they see him and know about him ivh.it knmv. iht-y 
will Ji) luni cvil; .. grcat futurc lies before this nephew of yours, so take him i 

S,i his uiiile took him otT quickly and brought him back to Mecca when 
he had nnished his trading in Syria. People allege that Zurayr and Tam- 
re people of the scripturcs, had notict ' 



npostlc.jt' Gi.il what Bahka had se 






they would find in the sacred books, anil ti.at if ihry 



UahTta kepl tiieir 



the n. 



d protecting him and kecping him from the vileness of heathenism 
i lie wished to honour him witli apostleship, until he grew up to be 
at of his peopk in manliness, the best in charactcr, most noble in 
lcighbour, the most kind, truthdu!, reliab' " 



rcmoved from nlthincss and corrupt morals, through liiltiiicss ani! nubility, 
so that he was known among his peoplc as "i'he trustworth; ' beciiiise of thc 
good qualities which God had implanted in him. The apostk, so I was 
told, usĕd to tell how God protected him in his childhood during the 
perind nf lieathcnisrn, sayirtg, 'I found myself a.nong the boys of Quraysh 
canyiug stnncs sucli as buvs piay with; we liaii all .ii.rm rrci! ourselccs, 
l ■!■ J lits neck as hc carried the stones. 

I was going to and fro in the same way, whcn an unsecn hgure slapped me 
i:,.:si [ininiiiHi siiying, ■■| 1 ir. yuur sliirl im 1 '; so I took it and fastcned it on 
me and then began to carry the stones upon my neck wearing my shirt 



8 2 The Life o/ Muhammad 

This war broke out when the apostle was twenty years of age, It was so 
calln! hccav.se thesc two trihcs, Kinana and Q;iys 'Ayl.ui, tbught in thc 
sacrcd month. The chicf of Quraysh and Kinana was JJarb b. Umayya b. 
Abdu Sham \t I I r the upper hand but 

by midday victory wenc to KinSna (125). 

THE APOSTLE OF COD MARRIES KIIADIJA (126) 



Quraysh werc a piopic ircc: 
the prnphc.t's trtitlii Liliu s-; ; t: 
;eii! Iif 'limantlproposedth 



:. Now- 



a monk's cell, when the 



ie : hauld taki bet gooda ■■ 
_ him more than sbe paid others. He was to 
takc a iad <>f liers callcd Maysara. The apostle of God accepted thc propo- 
sal, and the two set forth until they came tt 

The apostle stupped in thc ■ 

monk came up to Mayaara and askcd who tite iiiaii ivaa »nu «« .«™ B 

|, , ,1 ,| t I I 1 tl ,1 I 1 1 ihcptoplewhoheld 

Ihc sanctuary: and thc nionk t:vcki;mcd: 'None but a prophet ever sat 

Then the prophet sold the goods he had brought and bought what he 
waiilcd to hiiY an.l bcir.m ihc rcliiru oumcy to Mecca. The story goes 

,,t l„ I ight of noon when the heat was intense as hc rode his beast 
Maysara saw twt. angels shading the apostle from thc sun's rays. W itcii he 
brought Khadija her property she sold it and it amounted to doublc or 
thereabouts. Maysara for his part told hcr about the two angels who 
shaded him and of the monk's words. Now Khadlja was a dctcrmined, 
noble, and intelligent woman pos - 1 pn ilies with which God 

willed to honour her. So when Maysara told her these things she sent to 
thc apostk t.f Citid and-so the story goes-said: 'O son of my uncle I like 
you because of oor rclationship and your high reputation among your 
people your trustworthiness and good character and truthfo]ncss.' Thcn 
she proposed marriage. Now Khadlja at that time was the bcst born 
r, , , , . ) , , I t 1! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 tlc rtchest AU her 
people were eager to get posscssion of her wealth if it were possible. 

Khadlia nas tl.c danghti-r nf K!ii;ivavlid b. Asad h. < Abdu'l-'Uzza b. 
Qusayy b. KilSb b. Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. Chalib b. Fihr. Her 
n-otlicr was l-iithiiu c. /n ii!n h ai-Asamm b. Rawaha b. Hajar b. Abd b. 
M;,'!s !,. 'Amir h. I.u':rvv b. Cihal.h !,. lihr. llc. u.olhcr was Hala d. 

\„l, Mtn tl 1 . I \ I iic b. Ma'!sh.-Ami. 

b. i .„':,, v b. Ghalih b. Fihr. Hala's mother was Qilaba d. Bu'avd b. r-a d b. 
Sahm b. 'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. Ghalib b. Fihr. 



The Life of Muha. 
God told his uncles of Kh 
'l r MuttaIib 



cr(t2 7 ). 






She was the mother of all the apost!e's children except Ibrahlm, namely 1: 
al-Oasim (wherebj hc v,as kno u \! d 1 f b r, al-Tayyib, 1 

/ainali. Kucaci:,. rruin Kultbum, and Fatima{iz8). 

Al-Qas m al- l 1 1 r i il I 1 1 1 11 1 AIl his daughtcrs 

lived into Islain, c ib I 1 .. , li.i witt i him to Medina (129). 

Khadlja had told \Varaqa b. l\aufal b. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza, who was 
her cousin and 1 t I 1 1 , h I 1 11 ptures and was a 

scholar, what hcr slave Maysara had told her that the monk had said and 
how kc l,;ui i.i. 1 h.a t 1 g him. He said, 'If this is true, 



An anciciY whir!; obcn eroked tears. . 
Long have 1 had to wait, O Khadlja, 



That Muhammad sh 


















And his friends snat 




Would that I might 


e there th 


For I should be the 


rst of his 


Joining in that which 


Ouraysh 



To the Lord of the Throne though they are ca&t < 

Is it fo!ly not to disbelieve in Him 

Who chose him Who raised the starry heights? 

If they and I live, things will be done 

Which will throw the unbclievers into confusion. 

And if I die, 'tis but the fate of mortals 



The Life of Mukammad 



Qutaysh decided to tebuild the Ka'ba when the apostle was thirty-five 
vears'of .u. i !'. fifteen years after the sacrilegious war). They wete plan- 
ning to roof it and feated to demnlish it, tor i; wus n.i i. ■ • 
above a mm's height, and thi\ wanted r i i J • iaf it beciuse tnen 

had stolen part of the ttcasme of the Ka'ba which used to be in a well in 
the middle of it. The treasute was found with Duwayk a fteedman of 
B. Mulayh b. 'Amr of Khuza'a (ijo). Quraysh cut his hand aS; they say 
that the people who stole the treasute deposited it with Duwayk. 
5 (T. Among thcse suspected wete al-Hitith b. 'Amir b. Kaufa], and Abu 
Ihsbb. 'AzTz b. Qays b. Suwayd al-Tamimi who shared the same mothet, 
and Abil Lahah b. 'Abdu'1-M ed tliat it W4S they 

who took the Ka'ba's treasute and deposited it with Duwayk, a fi.-il.ini 
of B. Mulayh, and when Quraysh suspected them they infoimed against 
Duwayk and so hrs iui 1 i-n.t II w ai, said that they had left it with 
him, and people say that when Qutaysh felt certain that tla 
beenwithal-Ham : and in her rhymed 

utterances she decreed that he should not enter Mecca for ten years be- 
cause he had profaned the sanctity of the Ka'ba. They allege that he was 

Now a ship belonging to a Gteek merchant had been cast ashote at 
Judda and became a total wreck. Thcy touk its tin 
to roof the Ka'ba. It happcned that in Mtai thc 
catpentet, so everything they ne ' ' 



iairral nfl 






;,v on the .-.ail of tlic Ka'ba. Tt was an object of tenor 
m ,i i i i i 1 r i ' n hi ij i I 
its mnuth, so ihat they wcre terriried of it. Wliilc t »i. 
I onc ils\ , Gnd sent a bird which seizcd it and rlew off 
■m Quraysh said, 'Now we may hope that God is plcaBed 
3 with what we propose to do. We have a fricndly ctaftsman, we have got 
the wood and God has rid us of thc anake.' When they had decided to pull 
it down and r.-huild it Abii Wahb h 'Amr b. Widh h. 'Abd b. 'Imran b. 
Makhziim (131) got up and took a stone from the Ka'ba aod it leapt out of 
his hand 50 that it returned to its place. He said, 'O Quraysh, do not 
bring into this huilding ill-gotten gains, the hire of a hsrlot, nor money 
taken in usur>, nor anything resulting from wrong and violence." People 
ascribe this saying to al-Walid b. al-Mughira b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umai b. 
Makhzum. 

'Abdullah b. Abu Najlh al-Makkt told me that he was told on the 
, th.r >1 ilh 1 - I ' I 1 , li I > 1 1 I I .'1 1 J 

b. Jumah b. 'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy that he saw a son of Ja'da 
b. Hubayra b. AbS Wahh b. ' Amr circumambulating the temple, and when 



matemal uncle of the apostie's father. He was 

,el kneel at Abu Wahb's door, 

morrow's journey with well filled saddle-bags ; 

it of the two branches of Lu'ayy b. Ghalib, 



le back 



t. Al-Walid h. nl-Mi.Lr.io snni 
pick-axe, went up to it saying tl 



m ; the section neat the doot 
The space between the black a 
im and the Gura 
the Ka'ba to B, Jumah and 
'bb. Lu'ayy. Thesideofthe 
i to B. Asad b. al-'Uzz5 b. Qusayy, 
lich is the Idatlm. 

temple, and withdrew in awe 

.1 begin the demolition.' So he 

lile, 'OGod, do.notbeafiaid* 

is best.' Then he demolished the part 

people watched, sayiiic;, 'W« wiM \adk 

ofitandv" ' 



lothing happens to him then God is pleased wi 



(T. so they had reached th 



that a min of Quraysh insertcd a crowbar 
:a shuddered so they left the foundation alone. 
cornet a writing in Syriac. They 



86 The Life of Muhammad 

and earth and formed the sun and moon, and I surroundcd it witn scvcn 

pious angels. It w!U stand while its two mountains stand, a blessing to its 

.: liik and water,' and I was told that they found in the meqdm 

directions ; let its people not be the first to profane it.' 

Layth b. Abu Sulaym allcged that they found a stone in the Ka'ba forty 

years before the prophet's mission, if what they say is true, containing the 

S inscription 'He that soweth good shall reap joy; he that soweth evil shall 

reap sorrow; can you do .:vii and I l rcwardcd with good? Nay, as grapes 

cannot be gathered from thorns." 

The tribes nf : ics for the building, each tribe 

collecting them and building by itself until the building was (inished up to 
the black stone, wl -ach tribe wanting to lift it to its 

place, until they went their several ways, formed alliances, and got ready 
for battle. The B. 'Abdu'1-Dir brought a bowl full of blood ; then they 
and the B. 'Adiy b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy pledged themselves unto death and 
thrust their hands into the blood. For this reason they were called the 
hlood-lickers. Such was the state of affairs for four or five nights, and then 
Quraysh gathered in the raosque and took counsel and were equally 
dh/ided on the question. 

iat alleged that Abu Umayya b. al-Mughira 

'Umar b. Makhziim who was at that time the oldeit 

shem to make the first man to enter the gate of thi 

God. When thcy sa I I s is rhe trustworthy one. rr c aie 

satistied. This is Muhammad.' When he came ro them and they iniormed 



an of Ouraysh, urged 
ipire in the 



le and put it ins 
id of the cloak w 



e it and sa 



aand, and then building went on above it. 

raysh used to call the apostle of God before revelation came to him, 
rustworthy one' ; and when they had Anished the building, according 
iirdesire, al-Zubayrthesonof '\bdii 1- 1 ! 11 1 i lid about the snake 
1 tnade the Quraysh dread rebuilding the Ka'ba: 

I was amazed that tbe eagle went straight 



And Bometimes it would dart forth, 
When we planned to rebuild the Ka'ba 
ua for it was fearsome. 

Deadly straight in its swoop, 









We attacked the buitding together, 

We had its foundations' and thc carth. 

On the morrow we i.usttl t!,-,- rounda-.iun 

N.nu: of r.ur workers wore clothes. 

Through it did God honour the sons of I.u'aj 

Its foundation »-jsi 1 i i i 

Banu 'Adiy and Murra hatl gathcrcd thcre, 



I do not know whether it was hefore or after the year of the elephant that 
Ouraysh invented the idea of Hums and put it into practice. They said, 
' We are the sons of Abraham, the people of the holy territory, the guardians 
of the temple and the citizens of Mecca. No other Arabs have rights like 
ours or a position like ours. The Arabs recognizc none as they recognize 
us, ao do not ntr:n to the outside country as you do 

to thc sanctuary, for if you do the Arabs will despise your taboo and will 
say, "They have given the same importance to the outside land as to the 
Baered temtoiy." ' So they gave up the halt at 'Arafa and the departure 
trom ;r, while they recognized that these were institutions of the pilgrimage 
and the religion of Abraham. They considered that other Arabs should 

ut they said, 'We are thc people of i: 






,.r thc 



while thcy were in this state. They went further and refused to allow 
those outside thc haram to bring food in with them when thcy came on the 
gm/t oi Ettk pilgrimage, D5ot could the> eircurnambulate the bouae exeept 

in llie garnieTits ot iliu I.lums. If :hvy h.i.1 no si.ii/h r;:irino;:ts ilit y !i;;J i.o %u 
round naked. If any man or woman felr scruples when they had no hums 
garments, then they could go round in their ordinary clothes ; hut they had 



The Life of Muhamtnad 



The Arabs callcd these clothes 'the cast-off'. They imposed all these 
nist ri cuons on tbe Arabs, who accepted them and halted at 'Arafat, hastened 
irorn it. and circumambulated the house naked. The mcn at least went 
,, | 1,1.1 li J Js.de a]ltheirclothesexceptasIiiltvvi<[copei. 



But what can bc seen I do not make common property! 
Thoae who went round in the dothes in which they came from outsi. 
tbrcu thcm away so that neither thcy nc-r anyone else could make use 
9 them. An Arab mentioning some clothes which he had discarded at 
could not gct again and yet wanted, said : 

lt's grief cnough that I should retum to her 
As though shc were a tabooed cast-off in front oi . ■ 
i.e. she could not be touched. 

This state of affairs lasted until God sent Muhammad and revealed 
, | H ... I tl I. .' I.s rehgton and the customs of 

pilgnmas"' 'Then hasten onward from the place whenci men biii 
or.ua. ds ani: ask pardon of God, for God is forgiving, merciM.' 2 ' 
words are addressed to Quraysh and 'men f refer to the Arabs. So in 
rule of the kajj he hastcned them up to 'AraHl and ordered them to 






fn rcference to their prohibition of food and clothes at the ti 
as had been broughl from outside the sacred territory God revea 
'O Sons of Adam, wear your clothes at every mosque and eat an. 
be not prodigal, for He loves not the prodigal. Say, Who has fo. 
clolhcs which God hss brought hirth ior His scrvants and the % 
which He has provided ? Say, They on the dsy of resurrection 1 
for tl.osc who in this lifc believed. Thus do we explain the sigm 
who have knowledge.' 1 Thus God set aside t 
and the innovations of Quraysh sgainst men's 
apostlc with Islam. 

'Abdullah b. Abii Bakr b. Muhammad b. 'Amr b. Hazm from 'Uthman 
, b [uteyi '«. •.;.!'' ... I '-"..l bis i.n.li: N5ff b, Jubayr from 
his father Jubayr b. \li.l'im s,:i.l: 1 f:.w G.k1's apostlc h, ' 
came to him and lo he was halting on his beas. m 'Arafat with meti in the 
midst of his tribe until hc quitted it with them— a special grace from God 



:n He sent His 



m Mnb 



Ish.lu fn 



s:TheHumswereQurays 
ra.i, nl-Aus and aI-Khazraj, Jutham, B. Rabl'.; b. 'An 
\zd Sh.inu'a, JinMmm, Zi.bnyd, i). Dhakwan of 
al-Lat, Thaqlf, Ghatafan, Ghauth, 'AdwiTn, All.lt, a. 
■n (.'nrniiili let an Arab marry one of thcir wonien th 
t the offspring should be an Ahmasi following their religic 

•.■■:. '■!. :■■ .'-"-•'.- 

to thc daughter of Taym Rabi'a b. 'Amir b. Sa'sa'a stipuk 

:...-. ':..!!,. 

,er that Labid b. Rabi'ab. Ja'far al-Kilabl said: 
My people watered the sons of Majd and I 
Water Numayr and the tribes of Hilal. 



vered she fulfilled her vow. . . . The I 

■rcin. They went round the Ka'ba w< 
:fore and at the beginning of Islam m 



Iiajj,' so they cut sli.ort thc riu-s 
They made their stopping-place 






■ thc „| 






-■ 






)d shcltering by day in thc trees of Namira and stamne iion. .: ... 

al-Muz.lalifa. Whcn tlic sun t,.rb.incd the tops of the mountains thcy set 
forth. ThcywerccalledHumsbecauseoftheirslTictnessintb< r rcl W . 
. . . The year of Hudaybiya the prophet entered his house. One of the 
Ansar was with him and he stopped at the door, etcplaimng that he was an 
Ahmasl. The apostle said, 'I am an Ahmasl too. My religion and jo~ 



..otk-Ai 



into the b< 






Tke Ltfe of Muhammad 



o Jtwish rabbis, Christian monks, and Arab soothsayers had spoken about 
the apostle of God before his tnission when his tlmc drew near, As to the 
rabhis and moiiks, lt \\-a$ iibout his description and the duscription of his 
time which they EoliiuL m thcir scripnm'* und whut tlunr propht.-Es had 
cnjoined upon them. As to the Arab raothsayers they bad hut-n wsked hy 
satansfromthejinnwithrepon 1 I im th meiheard before 

they were pre\'onted from hearing by being pelted with stars. Male and 

to which the Arabs paid no attenrion until God sent him and these things 

the prophet*s n 












. ■ ■ 



enly tidinga for they wi 

. :o an order which God had comrruKidi.-l ;;o 
God said to His prophet Muhammad when He sent hii 
him about the jinn when they were prevented from listening ana snew 
what they knew and did not deny what they saw ; 'Say, It has l i ! 

to me that anumberof the jinnlistenedand said"We have heard a wonder- 
ful Quran whieh guides to the right path f and we believe in it and wc will 
not associate anyone with our Lord sn I that 1 1. 11 :--.\'t.. . : h hc -jUn-\ • :" 
our Lord) hath not chosen a wife or a son. A foolish one arnong ua used to 

a lie against God and that when men took refugc with the jinn, they 
r i 1 n in It ii i r V uscd to sit on places 

therein to listen , li 1 >■: '•• ■ i Ls a flame waiting for him. We do 

not know whether evi1 is intended against those that are on earth or whethcr 
their lcrd wishes to guide them m the right path".' 1 When the jinn heard 
the Quran they knew that they had been prevented from listening betore 
that so that revelation should not be mingled with news from heaven so 
that men would be conlused with the tidings which came from God abdut 
it when the proof came and doubt was removed; so they bdieved and 
acknowledged the truth. Then They returned to their people warning 
them, saying, our people we have heard a book which was revealed after 
guidittg to the truth and to the 

In reference to :'- u-cuge with them 

and they increased them in revolt', Arabs of the Quraysh anJ nthu^ when 

ijll i i. oi mc ' in i | i \\ • • • r i- ,i night 

ii therein used to say, 'I take rehi^ ■:: tht ■ n-.l ,• ;his valky of the jinn to- 



. 'Utba 



T/ir Li/c <■[ .1/, 
. al-Mughlra b. al 



is told me that he w; 



with them wcre this clan of ThaqTf, ai 

tars. He said: 'Yes, but wait, for if th, 
guide travellers by land and sea, by wr 

i, then by God! Lt means thc end of t 

thrown, then it is for some purpose w 






d. Shihab aI-Zuhri on the autho 
lib from 'Abdullah b. al-'Abbas f: 

V Theyr. 



been appointed f a child is 
but when God has decree< 
the bearera of the throne hear it and 
praise Him, and those lower still pr 
I, and this goes on until the praise ■ 
e they praise. Then they ask ea 



. a child has died.' 



so and they say, ' 
iy that God has decret 



convey it to'the soothsayers and tell them of it, s< 
which they were pelted, so soothsaying has been 



A learned person told 
who waa a soothsayer in me tirne or ignc 
spirit one ntght, He chirped beneath he 

I know what I know, 

The day of wounding and slaughtt 



>man of B. Sahm called al-Ghaytak 
^norance was visited by her familiar 
her/ then he said f 



Tht Life of Muhammad 
eard of thia thcy asked what he meant. The spirit 



When Quraysh heard of this they could not understand it and decided to 
wait untii the future should reveal its meamng. When the battle of Badr 
and !'Iuh1 took place n l glcn, they knewthat thiswas the meaning of the 
spirit'smessage(i36). 
13 'Ali b. Nafi' al-Jurashi told me that lanb, a tribe from the Yaman, had a 
soothsaycr in the time of ignorance, and when the news of the apostle of 

an for us', and ihcy gathered at the bottom of the mountain 



d. Hec- 

,w. II<- n 



Hissl 






', I , ,1 v 1 u,-.„ „,i, r. U iul un the autbority of 'Abdullah b. 
Ka'b a rrecdman of ' . rlriiilu b 'Affan lliat hc was told ihat when 'Umar b. 
al-Khattiib «js sinmir iiuh ihc peoplt: 1:1 liic ipostlcs mosque, an Arab 
camc in to . isit him. When 'Umar saw him he said, 'This fellow is still a 



and 'Umar as 



a Mus 






jf ignorance t" The i 

faithful, you have thought ill of 
er hcard you speak to anyone t 



i. Hei 

lon. In the 






replied, 'Yes, by God, I ws 



The Life of Muhammad 

jrse than this ; we woishipped idols and imaip 
,nl, lis aoostle and* with Islam.' The m 
. asooliisacer. 'Umai said, 'Then tellmewr 



Have you considered th 



ah b, Ka'b said, Thereupoi 
i number of tbc Q 
a calf. We werc standing by 
lice more penctr. : 



aid, 'I was standing by au 



lim b. 'Umar b. Qatada told me that some of his tribesmen Bsit : 'Whn 
iuced us to accept Islam, apart from God's mercy and guidance, was 
.r -... ' ii 

ils, whiic lin-y were people of the scriptures with knowledgc which we 
l not possess. Thcrc was continual enmity between us, and when wc got 
: bctter of them and excited ihu u 'ieof a prophct 

., is m br srnt has now come. Wc will kill you with his aid as 'Ad and 
m perished.'" We often used to hcar them say this. When God se 
s apostlc we accepted him 



roftheCow:" 



;d us lo God and we r 
icm, God revealed the v 



niUir. 



_, . at they already had (and they were formerly asking for yictory 
over the unbelievcrs), whe». what they knew camc to them, 1 1„ ■> Jisbelicccd 
it. The curse of God is on the unbelieyers." ' (139)' 

Salih h. Ibrihtm b. 'Abdu'1-Rahmin b. 'Auf from MahimiJ h. Labid, 

..■■al, fromSalamab. Salama b \\ 1: 1! n 1 

was present at Badr) said \\ 1 1 I ' I 11 1 11 1 I, M 1 I 

Aahhal, who came out to us one day from his house. (At that time I was the 



The Lije oj Muhammad 



yard.) He spoke of the resurre 
and I-ll-13. When he spoke of th 
that thcrc could be no rising a£ti 



arby.h, 






I:; E tiL- pnlylheistS 






' , 



__ . int thcy would heat 
piastct it over if hc coulii get out from that nre on thc lollowinrr d;iy." 
Whcn they asked for a sign that this would bc. lic sttid, pniutinj! wilh his 
hand to Mccca and the Yaman, "A prophet will bc sent from the direction 
of this land." Whcn they asked whcn hc would appear, he looked at me, 
tbe yoiiiigcst person, and suid: "'1'lns h,.v. if b<- liw, his natural term, will 









nilihl ai 






ss bcfore God sc 
Ve hc-lieyed in ' ■ 



Asad b. 'Ubayd of B. Hadl, brothcrs of B. Quray7a, hecame Muslims? 
Thcv wcre with thcm dunng the days of ignorance ; then they bccame their 
masters in Islam.' Whcn ! said that I did not know, he told me that a Jcw 
from Syria, Ibnu'1-Hayyaban, came to us some years bcfore Islam and dwelt 
|6 among us. 'I have never 



Whcn 



IlC lkvli„Lll I. 






with US 



and pray fo 

two bushels of barley.' 

this. L-ater when he knew that he was about to 

do vnn lliink m,ni:- iuc ic:ivc :t land nf bread am 
1 „ I h | '11 Ihut ii ' Uhtiiwcsaidthatwec 

prnphc-t wbnsc time \v.is nt hiLinl. This was 



d, hardly had he lei 



When the apostle of God was scnt and besleged I!. Qunn : 
mcn whn wc-rc- growing youths said, 'This is the prophct nf wboni [bnu'1- 
Hayyaban testined to you.' They said that he was not; but thc others 



TheLiJeoj i 



'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada al-Ansitri told me on the authority of Mahmud 
b. Labid trom 'Ahdullah b. 'Abbis as mllows: Salmin said while 1 listcncd 
tohiswords:'IamaPersianfromIspahSnfromavillagecaUedJayy. My i; 
father was the priiicin.il Imdowner in hii mII.iih :hiJ I was dearer to him 
than thc whole world. His love for mc went to such lengths that he shut 
me in his house as though I were a slave girl. 1 was such a zea]ous Magian 
that I became keeper of thc sacred fire, replenishing it and not letting it go 
out for a moment. Now my father owncd a large farm, and one day when 
he could not atlc i ' go to H am: hniii about it, 



u v, ill picicnt inc coinii iibnut my business." So I started out for the 
m, and when I passed by a Christian church I hcard thc voices of the 
m praying. 1 knew nothing about them because my lalhcr kcpt me shut 

ing; their praycrs plcased itit and I felt drawn to thcir worshtp and 
i, :>.s bcttcr than our rcligion, and I decided that I would not 

.vc Ihcm until siini-,-1. Sn 1 did nnt tni tn tlic larm. Whcn I askcil ihim 

i work. He asked me whcrc I had been and reproached me for not obey- 
> his instructions. I told him that I had passed by some iiii-u wlio wcrc 
,n -oplc.isi-dwith what I saw of their religion 
it t sti-iicd with them until sunset. Hc said, "My son, therc is no good in 
at religion; tbc rcligion of your fathers is betterthanlhat." "No," I saicl, 
1 isln-itci ihanourreligion." My fathcr was afraid of what I would do, so 



:d thcm 






,1 tcll m 



to them: "When they have tmis 



y, ask them if they will take me." They dii 

■st karned person in their rciiii 

:nt to him and told him that I liked his religi 



doing. Sometime later whe 
bury him I told thetn that 1 
suaded them to give alms, 
cotTcrs and gave rtothing u 
know this, bo I led them to 



day than he. I lovei 
with him a long time 
him and asked him 



The Life of Muhammad 
jrought him money he put it in his own cotTets and 

r when he died and the Christians amc together to 

that he was a bad man who eithurted them and per- 

alms, and when they brought money put it in his 

le poor. They asked how I could possibly 






i tknowa nii ' .1 I am. Men havc 

abandoncd most.it ihc'. uue vli(iiim, c.\cc 
my faith, so join yoursebT to him. So wh 
ar.achcd myself to the bishop of Mausil t 

9 path. I staycd wi 



ic died and was 
that he followed 



ong bcfore 



:. ik-rcpli.dlh 



i 






'I stayed with this good man in Nasibin 

for some timc and laboured until I possessed some cow 
of sheep ; then when he was about to die I asked him to 

lile, bm ilial a prophet was ahout to atise who wouk 



i. Hev 



c:, hclls, l.c 



passed b> and I .Lsti-d liicn: t.j t.lkc tnc 
those cows and sheep of mine. They ac 
them until we reached Wadi'bQura, whi 






frpm B, Qurayza of Medma came-and bough; ni. anu c 
Medina, and, by God, as soon as 1 saw it I recognized it 
descriptioo. I dweh there and the apnstle of God was 



l. Then a cousin of hi: 



belonging to my master, cai 
■uddenl] a cousin of his c. 
Qayk ! They arc gathering 

'Whcll I ll.:lJ-.l llllS I •.■•::< 

I should fall on my master 
say to hts cousin, "Wh.it d 

this? Gt-t batk lo yc-iir nori 



„ , I,, 

1 smite the B. 



,g that he is a prophet." (140) 
s seized with ttemhlin-' ii.iij. :.'' iua: - tli.'i.i;ilit 
:; su 1 came .1 >. 1 -i' 1 li. 1 1. 1 I ' a 'J t'i 
did you say? What did you say?" My master 

11 smarr biuw, saying, "VVhat do you mean by 

:k." 1 said, "\"c-vcr mind, I nnly wanted tu fmd 

" NowIhadalitricfoodwhichIhadgatheted, ,, 

n thu upustlc nl' ("it:.; viu: -,vas in Qiiba' and said, 

e an honest man ami liiai ynur c.iinptinions ai.' 

sniiHlhiiiir k.i slms, h'i i tbink that you have 
s." Sti I gavc i: t" jtiin. Tii:- .:i' 
ididnotholdouth' 



a. Then I hrought it 1 






lc :.:■:. I 

ilfreelygive 
■',"That's 

nPwhcrc 

". ck.ak.s, 



is h. 



.' Then 



1. 'Abbis. The apostle wanted 



tecouldnotbeatBadrati 

man continued : 'Tht-n tltt apnslks.ii.l ln inc. "Wiite an agreement;" 

rig out thc base, and to pay forty okes of gold. Tlic aposilc called 011 
impanrans to hel[ 11 n'i 11, .11 1 h 1 littk: painis 

,er with twenty, another with nTteen, and another with ten, each help- 
s mueh as he could until the thrcc huntlrcd wcrc complcie. "'hc 



apostle told me to go and dig the holes for them, saying that when I had 
— : - vith his own hand. Helped by my com- 

and as we brought him the pabn shoots he pknted them with his own hand ; 
and by God, not ooe of them died. Thua I had deliyercd the palm-trees, 
but the money was sttll owing. Now the apostle had bcen given a piece of 
gold as large as a hen's egg from one of the mines' and he summoned me 
and told me to take it and pay my debt with it. "How far will this relieye 
me of my debt, O Apostle of God?" 1 said. "Take it," he replied, "for 
God will pay your debt with it." So I took it and weighed it out to them, 
and by God, it weighed forty okes, and so I paid my deht with it and Sal- 
man was free. I took part with the Apostle in the battle of the Ditch as a 
free man and thereafter I was at every other battle.' 

Yaild b. Abu Habib from a man of <Abdu'l-Qays from Salmin told me 
that the latter said: 'When I said, "How far will this relieve me of my 
debt?" thcapoetli . i r upon his tongue, then he said, 

"Take it and pay them in full" ; so I paid them in full, forty okes.'* 

'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada on the authority of a trustworthy inrarmant 
from 'Umar b. 'Abdu'1-' \/7/ h. Msi™i saij that he was told that Salman 
the Persian told th Isms l r in 'Ammunya told him to go to 

thickets. Every year as he used to go fronj ODe tn HaS otiier, llic Bck used 



had gathered there with their sick until he came out to thi 
passing from one thieket to the other, The people came to 1 

sick ant! mcryiiiu- iie piayctl fi:r was liealed, They prevei 

getting to him so that I could noi Bppraacl] bim natil b 

.3 thkket he was making for, but I took hold of his shoulder. 

whti I was a* htl turned to nic an.j J *aii,L l <"iit:! Iia.c rncrity i 






haram. Go to him, for he will brin 
thkket. The apostle said to Salman 
met Jesus the son of Mary,' 



, 'Youareasking 



m have told rne the tn 



The Life of Muhammad 99 

... Im i, ihcy hi'Id annually, lour men drew apart secrctly and agreed to keep 
their counsel in the bonds of friendship. They wcre (i) Waraqa b. Naufal 
b. Asad b. 'Ahdu'l-'Uzzn b. Ousaw b. Kilab b. Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy; 
(ii) 'Ubaydullah b. Jahsh b. Ri'ab b. Ya'mar b. HaLra h, Munn b. Kahlr 
b. Ghanm b. Dudan b. Asad b. Khuzayma, wliose mother was Umayma 
d. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib; (iii) 'Uthman b. al-Huwayrith b. Asad b. 'Abdu'l- 
I -i.a b. Ousayy; and (iv) Zayd b. 'Amr b. Nufayl b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza b. 
'Abdullah b. Qurt b. Riyah' b. Ra/al.i h. ' Ui» i.. k,,'b h. Lti'ayy. They 
were of the opinion that their peopk had corrupted the religion of their 
father Abraham, and that tbe stone they went round was of no account ' it 

religion,' they said; 'for by God you haie nonc.' So they went thcir 
sevcral ways in the lands, seeking the Hanifiya, the rehgion of Abraham. 



Wara, 
he had th 



cwhow. 



bA»,,.,, 



ntil 



im, Umm Habiba, d. AbuSufyan. When he 
tii« t iie adopted Christianity, parted from Islam, and died a 

ammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr told me that when he had become a 
in 'Ubaydullah ashe passed the prophet's companions who were there 
say: 'We see clearly, but your eyes are only half open,' i.e. 'We 

eyes to sce, it only ha 



Th 


other word faqqaha 




" "\iu 


- h,-: 


death th 


apostle marned h.s widow 


UmmHabiba. Muham 










metliat iheapostlc si: 


t 'Amrb, Umayya al-Da 




r\ 








toher. Hegaveherasa 
















\\r 






u'1-Mahk b. Marwin nired the maximum do 


xtyoi 




en at fou 






his precedent.' The mai 




tut 


e prophet was Khalid 


b. Sa'Id b. al-'As. 















1. He v 
t. Heahand 



lugi, oli 






: he ac 



: there (,42). 



lis peopk and abstained froi 
«n.iuais mat naa uied, blood, and things offercd to idols. z He forb 
killingofinfantdaugli 
an.i hc puhhjy rcbuked his people for thcir practices. 

Hinhani b. 't T nva fmm hia 1'ather 1111 the authority of his mothei 
d- Abu Ilakr atiiJ that shc saw Zayd as a very olj ma„ leaning his 
the Ka'ba and saying, '0 Quraysh, By Him in whose hand is the 



Tke Life of Muhammad 



I was told that his son, Sa'id b. Zsyd, and 'Umar b. al- 
was his nephcw, said to the apostle, 'Ought we to ask Go 
Zayd b. 'Amrr' He replied, 'Yes, for hc wiU be raised trom I 
aolc rcprcscntative of a whole people.' 

/j . u b. 'Ainr. h. Nulai ! romposed the following poem ab 
people and the treatment he rcceived from them: 



Amlto 
Kthere 



worship one lord or a thousand ? 

ce al-Llt and al-'Uzja hoth of them 

I will not worship al-'Uzz! and her two daught 
Nor will I visit the two imagcs of the Banu 'An 
I will not worsbip Hubal 1 though he was our lo 
In the days when I had little sense. 

Which in daylight is pkin to the disceming), 
That God had annihilated many men 
Whose deeds were thoroughly evil 
And spared others through the piety of a peopli 
So that a little child eould grow to manhood. 

As the htanch of a tree revives after rain. 
I serve my Lord the compassionate 
That the forgiving Lord may pardon my sin, 
So kc-p iii llic fear of God your Lord; 

You will see the pious living in gardens, 
While for the inridels hell fire is burning. 



Their breasts will < 
Zayd also said: (143) 



in anguish. 



rd that will not fail as long as time lasts^ 



To the heavenlv ki:ig- thcit 
Andnolordcandrawnj -~ 
Beware, O men, of what 
You can hide nothing frt 



The Life of Mulmmmad 
Beware of putting another beside God, 
For the upright way has become clear. 
Mercy I implorc, others trust in the jinn, 
But thou, my God, art our Lord and our hope. 
I am satisned with thee, O God, as a Lord, 
And wil! not worship another God beside thee, 
Thou of thy goodness and mercy 

a him, Go thau and Aaron, 
Pharaoh the tyrant to turn to God 
m, 'Did you spread out this (earth) without a 

lid you raise thia (heaven) without support ? 



Thou saidst 



l, 'Who planted seeds in the dc 



Now Zayd had d 










the Hanifiya, <he r 


ligion of Abraham, and whenever 


Safiya saw that 




had got rcady to tr 


vei shc told al-Khat(ib b 








and his brother bj 


the same mother. 1 He used to 






forealing ihe religic 


n of hii people. Hehad 




■ 






g ready to depart j and th 


nZaydsaid: 






back in hunuliation, 








OSafiya. It is 


not my way at all. 









Im 






who persistently frequent3 the gates of kings 
Whose camel crosses the desert ; 
One who severs ties with others 

Whose ditnculties can be overcome without (the aid of) friends. 
A donkey only accepts humiliation 
When its coat is worn out. 

Because the load chares my sides." z 

My brother, (my mother's son and then my uncle), 



3fe1 il I wished I could say things 
Of « hicli 1 hold the keys and door. 
I was told by one of the family of Zayd b. 'Amr b. Nu 
7.a> J laccd thi: Ka'ba inside tlie mosque he used to say, 'Lab 
in worship and in semce 1 

I take remge in what Abraham took refuge 
When he stood and faced the tpbia.' 

A humble prisoner, O God, my face in thc dust, 
Whatever thy commandment do I must. 
(8 Pride I seek not, but piety's boon. 

The traveller at midday is not as he who sleeps at noo 
AndZaydsaid: 

I submit myself to him to whom 
The earth which bears mighty rocks is subject. 
He spread it out and when He saw it was settlet 
Upon the watera, He fixed the mouniains on it. 
I submit myself to Him to whom clouds which 
Sweet watcr are subject. 
When tlicy arc borne along to a land 
They obediently pour copious rain upon it. 
Now al-Khattab had so harassed Zayd that he forced hi 
to the upper part of Mecca, and he stopped in the mountain 
thetown. Al-Kha :.i thcyoung irresp 

Ouraysh that they should not let him enter Mi . 



he Life of Muki 

■Id al-Khat;tab ar 



ve him out and harassed him be 



ts true colours and that 
from it. He said, making much of its sanctit; 
who treated rt as ordinary: 

O God, I am of the holy hnd, no outside 
B itrcof the place 

Hard by al-Safl. 

Itisnohomeoferror.' 
Then he wenl : i: tif Abraham, qt 

and Rabbis unti! he had traversed al-Mausil and t!ie vi 
tamia ; then he werrt through the whole of Syria until he c: 
the high ground of Balqi, ! This r 



their fear that he wr 

oin him in seceding 
those of his people 



t. He asked him about the H 



a-Kya, th 



can gurde you, but the trme ot a prophet who will com 
own country which you havc just left has drawn near. H< 
thc I i i h i . ' i I ' i t i 

setlt now and this is his time.' Now Zayd had sampled Jt 
tiarrity and was not satisfied with either of them ; so at ti : 
away at once making for Mecca ; but when he was well im 
of Lakhra he was attacked and killed. 

Waraqa b. Naufal b. Asad composed this elegy over hii 
You were altogether on the right path Ibn 'Amr 
You have eseaped hell's burning oven 
By serving the one and only God 
And abandoning vam idols. 
And by attaining the religion which you sought 
Not being unmindM of the unity of your Lord 
You have reached a noble dwelling 
Wherein you wiil rejoice in your generous trcatr 
You will mect there the fr' ' ' 



Chris 



Fr>r tl 



:y of God rc 



„■ !„, 



Icepbclowthe earth(i46). 



Among the things which have reached me 
Mary stated in the Gospcl which he rccciic 
of the Gospel, in applying a tcrm to descril 



; ospc i r„ 



at John the Apostle set d( 
m from the T, 



n; Us, 



Mary: 'Hc that hateth me hath hated the Lord. And if 
their prcscncc woi I i vm -i T,,re mc did, they hadnothadsin: 
o but from nov. ii:, . i l.-i i ; :::v n:ll ovci- 

cmne imi and .ilsn tbe l.ord. But the word that is in thc la\v mnst he ful- 
fi!led, "Tlu-y h?.ted me withuut a cause" (i.e. without reason). But when 
the Comforter has come whom God wil! send to you from the Lord's 
presence, and the spirit of trath which will have gone forth fr„m the Lord's 
prcscncc li : (sball bear) witness of me and ye also, because ye have been 
with me from the beginning. I have spoken unto you about this that ye 



k- of God reached the age of ff 
m in compassion to raankind, 'as an evangelist to all men 
td made a eovenant with every prophet whum he had sei 
ISt he should beii, - ia Truth and help hi 

iversaries, and he required of them that they should tra: 
:veryone who baiieved in them, and they rarried out their obligat 






imad, 'When God made a ( 

the prophets (He said) this is the scripture and wisdom which I have given 

you, afterwards an apostle will come connrming what you know that you 

1 i ' i l • , - ,., pt this and take up 

They said, 'We accept it.' He answered, 'Then bear witness and I am a 
witness with you,' 3 Thus God made a covenant with all the prophets that 
they should testhy to his truth and help him 




(T. One whom I- do not suspect told me from S 
Qi,tada b. [)i'ama al-Siuif,s1 from Ahu'1-Jald: 'Th 
the I4th night of RamadSn. Others say, No, but 
port of this thcy appeal to God's word: 'And w! 
servant on the day of al-Furq5o, the day the tw( 
" he apostle arui ihc poKliicisi 



Al-Zuhi 



toiRi 



in : , 1, 
-, and that took 



l . 7 th.) 



means of him, the nrst sign of prophethood vouchsafed to tbc apostle w.is 
true visions, res.-i -I daybreak, which were shown to 

him in his sleep. And Allah, shc snid, nuirl, ' in: ::>ve solitude so that he 

'Abdu'1-Malik b. 'Ubaydullah h. Abu Sulyan b. al-*AIa , b. JSriya the 
Thaqafite who had a reteittive memory related to me from a ccrtain scholar 
that the apostle at the time when Allah willed to bestow His grace upon 
him and endow him with prophethood would go forth for his atlair and 
journey far atield until hc reached the glens of Mecca and the beds of its 
valleys where no house was in sight ; and not a stone or tree that he passed 
by but would say, 'Peace unto thee, O apostle of Allah.' And the apostle 
would turn to his right and Icft and look behind him and he would see 
naught but trces and stones, Thus he stayeil scciiut :u::l licaruiR so lontr :is 
it pleased Allah thni l-.e shoulci slav. ihen Gabriel came to him with the 
-,i,i(,,l ■., . • il i - Il.il" mthemonthot Ramadan. 

Wahb b. Kaisan a clicnt of the family of al-Zubayr told me: I heard 
'Abdullah b iil-Zuhayr say to Ubayd b. 'Umayr b. Qatada the Laythitc, 
"O 'Ubayd tell us how began the prophethood which was first bestowed 
on the apostle when Gabriel came to him.' And 'Ubayd in my presence 
related to "Abdullah and those with him as iollows : The apostle would pray i ; 
in seclusion on Hira' every year for a month to practise tahmmuth as was 
the custom of Ouraysh in heathen days. Tahanmth is religious devotion. 
AbuTalibsaid: 

By Thaur and him who made Thabir firm in its place 

And hy those going up t„ ascend HirC and coming down (147). 1 

Wahb b. Kaism told me that 'Ubayd said to him: Every ycar during 
that month the apostle would pray in scclusion and give f„od to the poor 
that came to him. And when he completed the month and rcturned from 
his seclusion, nrst of all before entering his house he would go to the Ka'ba 
and walk round it siccn timcs „r ,,s ufien as it pleased God ; then he would 
go back to his house until in the year when God sent him, in the month of 



io6 TheLifeofM 

Ramadan in which God willed concerning him what He willed of His grace, 
the apostle set forth to Hira' as was his wont, iurd his famiiy ivirh 'itrt:. 
When it was the night cn which God honoured bim with his mission and 
showed mercy on His sen-ants thereby, Gabnel brought him the command 
of God. 'He came to me,' said the apostle of God, 'while I was asleep, with 
a coverlet of brocade whereon was some writing, and said, "Read!" I said, 
"What shall I read i" He pressed me with it so tightly that I thought it 
wris death; llien he let me go and said, "ReadP I said, "What shall I 
read ?" Hc pressed me with it again so that I thought it was dcath ; then he 
!etmcgoandsaid"Read!" I said, "What shal! 1 rrrid i ' Ik prcssal m t 
with it the third time so that I thought it was death and said "Read!" I 
53 said, "What then shall I rcad ?"— and this t said only to deliver myself 
from him, lest he should do the same to me again. He said: 
"Read in the name of thy Lord who created, 

Who created man of blood coagulated. 

Read! Thy Lord is the most benencent, 

Who taught by the pert, 

Taught that which they knew not unto men." 1 
;o So I read it, and he departed from me. And I awoke from my slcep, and it 
was as though these words were written on my heart. (T. Now none of 

posscsscd : I could not even look at them. I thought, W r oe is me poet or 
possessed— Never shall Quraysh say this of me! I will go to the top of the 
moumain and throw myself down that I may kill myself and gain rest. So 
I went forth to da so and then) when I was midway on the mountain, I 

God and I am Gabriel." I raised my head towards heaven to see (wbo was 
I i,\, GabrielinthcformofamanwithfectastridethehoriKon, 
• 1,11,.' i > M.ihLiHiir.n:' thou art the apostle of God and I am Gabriel." 
I stood gazing at him, (T, and that turned me from my purpote) naOTing 
neither forward nor backward; then I bcgan to turn my faa nway from 
him, but towards whatever region of the sky I IrH:il;r-d, s;t\\ him as hciiia-. 

ground above Mccca iimt rctun 
place; then he parted from 



vd 1:: Kt \vtnt. 
d I fr< 






ni.iii.. 1: m\ ILI 



■!...-. 

sai.l, "O AbLi'l-QIsim, r wl-.i-rc Itasl tlwu hccn: Hy God, I sentmy messi 

1 I I i i 1 I i\ e Meeca a 

retumed to me," (T. I said to her, "Woe is me poct or pnssessed," £ 

Godwouldno' ' 



i 
your fine ch 



/s your truthrulness, your 
:r, and your kindness. This cannot 



Tke Life of Muhsmmad 1 07 

you didsee something." "Yes, I did," I said.) Then I told her of what I 

Verily, by Him in whose hand is Khadija's soul, I have hope that thou wilt 
be the prophet of this pcople." ' Then she rose and gathered her garments 
about her and set forth to her cousin Waraqa b. Naufal b. Asad b. 'Abdu'l- 
•I. r.y.i b. Ousayy, who liad bccomc a Christian and read the scriptures and 
learned from those that follow the Torah and the Gospel. And when she 
related to him what the apostle of God told her he ' 
Waraoa cried, 'Holyl Holy! Yerily by Him ' ' 



hand is 



Khadija, there hath come unto 
um th\ greatest Njnnis (T. nicininp, Gabritl) wlin camc tti Muics ahirc- 
ime, and lo, he is the prophet of this people. Bid him be of good heart.' 
io Khadija returncd so th . apnsil, . i 1 ioil and told him what Waraqa had 
aid. (T- and that calmed his fears somewhat.) And when the apostle of 
hnished his period of seclusion and returned (to Mecca), in the 
; he performed the circumambulation of the Ka"ba, as was his 

ell me what thou hast 51:, n .i-t .1 I n i.' 1 ' • jp.istletoldhim, and 
aiil. ' Surely, 1>> Ilim in whose hand is Waraqa's soul, thou ar 
iple. There " " 



Go,1 






toMoses. Thou 






a linr, 






st Namus, 



i will help Godin such wise as He knoweth.' Then he 
near to him and kissed his forehead ; and the apostle wcnt to his own housi 
(T. \\ 1r.n1 '■ ' " ,mi nisansiety.) 

' IsmQ'il b. Abu Hakim, a taedman of the family of al-Zubayr, told me 
Khadija's authority that she said to the apostle of God, 'O son of m 



Ik-r 



ell her when he came. So 
! apostle said to Khadlja, 



b. Hasan this story and he said, 'I heard my muther 
,f Husayn, talking about this tradition from Khadija, 
ie made the apostle of God come inside her shift, and 
departed, and shc said to the apostlc of God, "This 



;■. 




and what 




' 


dbytheir 


n- umil :[„■ n* 




we have 




mo in a 






s derided 


»■" A " d 


.1 K ;U11. 


Had you 



A^am, l il.M. by the perapicwna book, verily w 

bEensL-d ni^lit. Verily, -.ll were warning. I '" 

as a command from us. Yerily we sent i 

believed in God and what we sent dow. 

decision, the day on which the two partii 

apostle with the polytheists in Badr. Abu Ja'far M 

al-Husayn told me that the apostlc of God met the polytheists in Badr on 

the morning of Friday, the I7th of Ramadan. 

Thcn rciclaiion came fully to the apostle while he was believing in Him 
and in the truth of His message. He received it willingly, and took upon 
liimsL-li" «liai ii (ntaik-d i,hether .,]' inan's goodwill or anger. Prophecy is 
a troublesome burden— only strong, resolute messengers can bear it by 
God's help and grace, because of the opposition which they meet from 
men in conveying God's message. The apostle carried out God's orders in 
spite of the opposition anj 11 n l i i . met with. 



Khadija helieved in him and accepted as true what he brought from God, 

which saddencd him, but Gc-d comforted him by her whcn hc went home. 
uied him, lightened his burden, proelaimed his truth, and 
btiitllcd itil-11's iippes.liiHi. M;iv Gnd Almighty have mercy upon her! r 

Hisham b. 'Urwa told me on the luthority of his father 'Urwa b. al- 
Zubayr from 'Abdullah b. Ja'far b. Abu Talib that the apostle said, 'I was 

Then revelations stopped for a time so that the apostle of God was dis- 
tressed and grieved. Then Gabricl hrought him the Sura of the Morning, 
in which his Lord, who had so honoured him, swore that He had not for- 



112 


TkeL 


7; „/" Muhammud 




sakenhim anddid 


lothatehim. Godsaid 


'Bythemo 


rningandthe 




,ord hath 




nor hated thee,' 1 meaning 










aftcr havmg 


veu. 'Aud tetib.. lllc lattLt end :;; iictt. r fi 


r you than 




What I have for yc 






\Ic is bttt 








































Godthustoldhimofho 


had begun to honou 




earthly life 


and of Hi 










,i in.sddi 




that hy His compas 


i„n (.49). 












'Spcak of the kindness of thy Lnrd,' i.e. tcll about the kindness of 

So the apostle began to mention secretly God's kindness to him a 
his seirants in the matter of prophecy to eyeryone among his people v 



Tbe apostle was ordered to pray and so he prayed. Salih b. Kaisan 
'l "ra-.i b, al-Zubayr irorn 'A'isha told me that she said, 'When praye: 
firstlaid on the apostle il v,;'.s v,itl, twn prostrations forevery prayer: 






,o prostrations he 



,.,-;,; sr w 



„1 r"„. ;i| 



he was on the heights of Mecca and dug a hole 
f„:- him with :us hccl in thesideof the valley from which a fountain gushed 
t rth inil I i cl pcrtoi i il n 1 ' ili 1 i rl post t H 

him. This was in ordcr to show him liow tu p„rify himself before prayer. 
Thcn thc apiisth: pcrhirmcd ih, rtur ;iblului„ :„, hc h.l.l sccil Cl.lhricl ilo 
it. Then Gabriel said a praycr with him whilc thc apnstle praieil ivilh his 
prayer. Then Gabrid left him. The apostlc camc to Kbailijj a,ui pcr- 
hirined [iic riiuaj iijr hcr j, G-ibncl liud ilnnc ibr him, r,nd slu- copicd him. 
I I , l i, | i ; ll i i. 1 n ' ' ' | i i 1 il ii i» 1 i pi > 1 



Tth" 



. Miisi 



, l-tcdn-i.ic ol" II, Tayin '"rnni \5li' b. Jubayr b. Mut'im 
, : :i".;,i| 'niri, t. 'AbbSa told me 'When 

,„ ||u ,-p„-.ll;.' Gahricl ;.„„: ",• 1 ii„ .Uld il.-lllj ihc limill 

un declined. Then he prayed tlic cwni.iij- pi-aici whcu 



The Lije of Muhammud 1 1 3 

his slj;u:t;..i t-qualled his own Jcngth. Then he prayed the sunset prayer 
when tlu: Sllll sct. Tlicn l,c prattii ihc l.lst liicli: prillt:' ',vh,-ll lllc t.cilitjht 
had disappeared. Then he prayed with him the morning pr.iycr v,hc„ tbc 

morrowwhen his shadow equiillcd hls hcicin. Thcii hc puccd thc cct-ning 
prayer when his shadow equallcd thc height of both of them. Then he 
praycd llic sunsct p.aycr whcn thc suii scl at llic time it had the day 
bcbjre. Then hc pi-iycd ulih iuiii thc la.sl iiiijlu |u ;, : r when the first third 
of thc night had passed. Then he prayed the dawn prayer when it was clear 
but the sun was not shining. Then hc said, "O Muhammad, prayer is in 
what is bctwcen yrnii praier louai atui yoiir praycr yestenlay."" (T. T 
1 1 .1 s b ' Ai r i,i liiat M.,1 1 I ' 1 II 1 > 1 , 1 1 b 

Abu'1-Ash'ath al-Kindi of the people of Kufa said that lsma 'il b. lyas b. 
'Afif from his father from his grandfathct said, 'When I w: 






of pilgrimage; and v 
it to pray and stood facing thc Ka'ba; llicu a 
woman came out and stood praynrg with him ; then a young man came out 
andstood praying with him. 1 said to 'Abbas, "What is thcir -['li:;i:,iii It 
is some thing new to me." He said, "This is Muhammad b. Abdulkh who 



WTsai 



"Wiui: 



( T. Ibn Ham 



at 1 c.) 






lathird 



Fadl and 'Ali b. Muiili.l t.u.l 'I 
Jiim. oalama saiu, Munammaa D. tsnaq told me from Yahyii b. Abu'1- 
Ash'ath — TabarT said, *It is in another place in my book from Yahya h. 
al-Ash'ath from fsma'il b. fyasb. 'Aflf al-Kindi, 'Afif bciiit; ll,c Iroilu r ;i' 
al-Ash'ath b. Qavs al-Kindi by the same mother and ihe son ;:f l„s uncle— 

from his father, t h 1, \l I K\ Al h.s b, 'Abdu'1-Mutta- 

hh isatrici 11, 1 l , l„ . i it.t ' iman to buy aroma- 

tics and sell them during the fairs. While I ivas uith liiin in Minii thcrt- 
came a man in the prime of Hfe iind performed the full rites of ablution 
and ihci. slniui up ::„:! practd i'l„n 1 tcm.in t.imc out and did her 
ablutions and stood up and ptayed. Then out camc a youth just approach- 

When I askcd a]-'Abbas what wasgoing on, he said that it was his nephew 
i'1-Muttalib who allcges 3 that Allah 



Muhammad b. '.MhuiII:.;: 1, 



II+ The Life o/ Muhammad 

Khuwaylid who also follows him in his rcligion.' 'Afif sau! afLer hc had 
become a Muslim and Islam was firmly established in his heart, "Would 
that I had been a Iburth!" '■ 



"ALl b. abu talib t. 









s apostle of God, tt 



withhit 



,,, .,i 



favoured him in that he wis brought up in 

'Abdullah b. Ahu Najih on the authority of Mujahid b. Jabr Abu'l- 
Hajjaj told me that God showed His favour and goodwill lowsrds liim 
when a grievous famine overtoi:k QurajBh Nok AbS 'l'ulib had a large 
family, and the prophet approached his uncie, Al-'Abbas, w' 



B. Hashim 






to Abu '. 









rTering to 






r .uved. Abu Talib said, 'Do what . 

long as you Ieave me 'Aqil' (150). So the apostle took 'All and kept him 
with him and Al-'AbbSs took Ja'far. 'Ali continued to be with the apostle 
until God sent him forth as a prophet. 'Ali followed him, believed him, 
and dcckred his truth, while Ja'far remained with AKAbbas until he 
hecame a Muslim and was independent of him. 

A traditionist mentioned that when the time of prayer came the apostle 
used to go out to the glens of Mecca accorapanied by 'AlT, who wcnt un- 
beknown to his father, and his uncles and the rest of his people, Tbl xt 
they used to pray the ritual prayers, and return at nightfall. This wcnt on 
as long as God intended that it should, until one day Abu Talib came upon 
them while they were praying, and said to the apostle, 'O nephew , what is 
this religion which 1 see you practising?' He rephed, 'O uncle, this is the 
religion of God, His angels, His apostles, and the religion of our father 
io Ahraham.' Or, as he said, 'God has sent mc as an apostlc to m.mkmj, an.i 
you, my uncle, most deserve that I should teach you the truth and call you 
to guidance, and you m ili c moat worlliy to respond and help me,' or 
words to that erTect. His uncle replied, 'I cannot give up the rcligion of 
my fathcrs which they followed, but by God you shall never meet with 
anything to distress you 50 long as I live.' They mention that hc said to 
'AIT, 'My boy, Wl : He atiswered, 'I bclieve in 

God and in the apostle of God, and 1 dcclare that what he has brought is 

said, 'He would not call you to anything but what is good so stick to him.' 
Zayd the freedman of the apostle was the first male to accept Islara after 



'Ali (151), Tmm Abfl Ballr b - Abii Qub.aSa whose namt «a- ' \:ii lu-i 
■ :.,■ -|-, b. ' \mir b. 'Amr b. Ka 
Sa'd b. Taym b. Murra h. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. Ghalib b. Fihr. Whc 
became a Muslim, he showed his faith openly and callcd othcrs to Goc 
his apostle. He was a man whose society was desired, well liked ar 
.:. Ilcknewmore about the genealogy of Quraysh than an 
else and of their faults and merits. He was a merchant of high char. 
and kindlincss. His people used to come to him to discuss many ma 






:„:,:(■; 



ii, 24. The following day 'Ali b. Abij Talib 
thcm wcre pniyin 'II, \\ I t ,1 Huhanii i I •' Hc rcplicd, 'It 

talkcd about it with Abu Talib.' Now the apostle did not want his secrct 
tc, h,- ilivul^d liciiia- [:c applied himseh' To the puhlicatirin nf his mcssauc 
so he said, 'If you do not acccpt Islam, thcn conceal the matter,' 'All 
tarried that nighl unlil God put Islam into his hcart. Early nest nimning 
he went to the apostle and asked him what his orders were. He said, 'Bear 
witncss that there is no god but Allah alone without associate, and disavnw 
al-Lat and al-'Uzza, and renounce rivals.' 'Ali did so and bccame :: Mus- 
lim. He refrained from coming to him out of >ai uf Alu; Tsliii ::nj ,-,.::- 

Zay,l h Harith 1 hecame a Muslim and the two of them tarricd nearly a 
month. (Thcn) 'Ali kept coming to the apostle. It was a special favour to 
'AlifromGodtl ltli 1 , i~s luation with thc apostle before 



:cepted Islam at his invitation j 



1 hcanl 



'Uthman b. 'ArTan b. Abu'l-'As b. Umayya h. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu 
M::ii:il h. (Jusayy . . .' b. Lu'ayy; al-Zubayr I,. al-'Awwam b. Khuwavli,i 
b. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'UiM b. Qusavy . . . b. l.iTaw; 'Ainiu l-Rahm.i:: h. 
'Aufb.'Ahdu'Aufh. 'AbU b. al-Harith b. Zuhra . . . b. Lu'ayv; Sa',1 b. 
Abfi Wauipls. (Tl„: latter 1. ,8 Malik b. Vhavb b 'Abdu Manaf . . . b. 
I -u'ay\ ) . Talha b. 'Ubaydullah b. 'Uthman b. 'Amr b. Ka'b b. Sa'd . . . 



U (, The Life of Mukammad 

He brought thc-m tn thc apostle i.hen thcy hud accL-ptct! his imilation 
anj tli.-y acccpti-d Islam and praycil. '1 !iavcjn-arj that ilic apcistlc nl iitid 
used Wsay T haw neu-ruiwte.i invoin.-waccc.-pt Islain init i<- li.isslinv.il 
signs of reluctante, suspi. i.m, ar.d besitation, except AM Bakr. Whcn I 
toid him of it he did not hold back or hesitate' (153).* 

Thcsc vnc iIil- iirst cight mtn to accept Islam and praycd and bciicycd 
111 ihe tbvincinspirationof the apostle. 

Abii 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah whose name was 'Amir b. 'Abdullah b. al- 
Jarrah b. Ililal b- Ihayb b. Dabba b. al-HSrith l). Fihr. Ahu Salama 
whnsc n.ime isns ' Mi.lullah b. 'Abdu'1-Assd . . . b. I.u'ayy. Al-Arqam b. 
Abu']-Arqam. (Thc Iniii-bs 11,111« wlih ' \bdii Msruii h. Asad— snd Asad 
,: bnrc tht- hutnmtic ,.1 Abfi lnndub- b. 'Abdullah b. 'Amr . . . b. LiTayy.) 
'Cihmanb. Ma/iitib. lablb b. Wa::b h I h.i.lliala . . . b. L.i'ayy. llismt, 
brothers Qndamn and 'Abdullah, sons of Mar/un. 'Ulm.l.i 1 il-l 1 rl 
i, ,,]-Mu!tal,h b. ' \K!u Ma..af . . . b. Lu'ayy. Sa'id b. Zayd h. 'Anu b. 
Nufayl b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza h. 'Abdullah b. Qurt . . . b. Lu'ayy, and his wifc 
■ ; - !-, Nulayl just m 



'Umi 



b. al-Khatt 






ra (154). ' 



'A'isha. Khabl 

Waqq5s, brother of Sa'd. Abdullah b. Mas'ud 
Mahlmimh Salciab. Ki.hilb. al-H5rithb.TamImb.Sa.il 11 1 
of the I!. Zuh'ra. Mashid b. al-Qari who was the son of Rabfa b. "Amr b. 
Sa'd h. *Abdu'l-'T'i«a b. l.iamala b. Ch.lhb b. A nballim b. 'A'idha b. 
Subay' b. al-Hun b, Khuiayma from al 
'Ab.hi Sh.-ims b. 'Ab.lu Wudd b. Nasr . 
Rabi';. b. al-Mughira b. 'Ahdullah b. 'Amr . . . b. Lu'ayy 
.64 Asma' d. Salamu b. !\ i.kharriha tbc Tnmlmile. Khunays 
Oavs b. 'Adiy b. Sa'd b. Sahm b. Amr . . . b. Lu'ayy ' s - 
'Ahl- b. Wahl, alb cif thc ti.mily of al-Khattib b. Nul 
(,=,61. 'Ab.l.illahb. Jahshb,Ri'abb.Ya'marb.Sabirab. Murra !,. Kalin 
b.'(j!,:inm h. Dud.in b. Asa.l b Kbm-ayma, and lns brothcr Abu Ahmad, 
b„ili allics ,,<■ thc li. I'navv:i. Ja'fai b. Abu T^lib and his wife Asma' d. 
'Umays b. Nu'man b. Ka'b b. Malik b. Quhafa of Khath'am. HStib b. 
al-Harith b. MiW h. I.lsbih b Wiuih b. TIudh3fa . . . b. Luayy, and hrs 
wife Tiilima d. al-Mujallil b. 'Abdullah b. Abil Qays b. 'Abdu Wudd b. 
\asi li Maiik . . . b. Lu'ayy. Arid his brotha 

wife Fukayha d. Yasar. Mi'm.t b. al-Harith above. Al-8a'ib b. "Uthman 
b. Maz lin aboye. Al-Muttalib b. Azhar b. 'Abdu 'Auf b. Abd b. al- 
Harith', . . b. Lu'ayy, and his wife Ramla d. Abu 'Auf b. Subayra b 






yl b. 'Abdu'l 



b. Asid . 



-. Al-N 
yy('57); ' 



The Lije 0/ Mukammad 1 1 7 

Khuz5'a; Hatib b. 'Amr b. 'Abdu Shams . . . b. Luayy , Ahu llmthayla 
(160) ■ W5qid b. 'Abdullah b. 'Abdu Manat b. 'Arin b. Tha'kba b. Yarbu 
b. Han?ala b. Malik b. Zayd Manat b. Tamlm an ally of B. 'Adiy b. Ka'b 
(,61); Khalid, 'Amir, 'Aqil, Iyas, the sons ol ai-Buk.uT b. 'Abtln Yaiil b. 
\3sliib h Cim-ara b. Sa'd b. Layth b. Eakr b. 'Abdu Manat b, Kluatia, 
allies of B. 'Adiy; 'Ammar b. Yasir, ally of B. Makhzum b. Yaqaza (t6z); 
Suhayb b. Sinan imt of thc Nainir b. Q.lsit, an ally of B. Taym b. Murra 
(■63)- 



People began to accept Islam, both men and women, in Iarge numhers 
until the fame of it was spreati 1 : it began to be talked 

about. Then God commanded His apostle to declare thc trutll <if wbat he 
had received and to make known His commands to men and to call them 
to Him, Thrcc > , 1 , 1 - 1 1 r ' 1 

sute until God commatided him to publish his religion, according to 
Inlbrmation which has rcached me. Then God said, 'Proclaim what you 
have been ordered and turn aside from tbe polytheists." And again, 'Warn 
thy family, thy nearcst relations, and lower thy wing to rhe mllowers who 
follow thee." And 'Sav, 1 am thc one who warns plainly' (164).' 

(T. Ibn Hamid from Salama from Ibn Ishaq from 'AbduUab b. al- T- ■' 
Gharlar b. aj-Q5sim from al-Minhal h. 'Amr from 'Ahdulllih b. al-H5rith 
h.Naul b ,[ , \bljlMuttilibfrom'M,duuahb.'Abbasfrom 

"Al! b. Abu Talib said: When these words 'Warti thj- familv tbv nearcst 
relations' came down W the apostle he called me and said, 'God has 
ordered me to warn my family, my nearest relations and the task is beyond 
my Btrength. I know that when I made this message known to them I 
should meet with great unpieasantness so I kept silence until Gabriel came 
tomeandtold m. : ...s.irderedmyLordwould punish 



then get together 
andtellthemwha- 



i.Mlii" 



hisundesAbuTslib 


ii, 


al-'Abbas, anc 


assembled h 








and when I 












inmth. 


dtsli. ' Tn-ii 


<-.m!.' '||,, 






ould eat no m 


dish) was th 


, 






there had b 


cn o„!v 






lat of them. 


Then h 


said, 'Give the people 



hat he ordercd and 
b. Whentheywere 



„8 The Life of Muhan, mad 

the cup and they drank until they were all satished, and as sure as I hve if 
tlicrc bnJ l.ccn.only one man he could have drunk that amount. When the 
apostlc wanted to address thcm AbS Lahab got in rirst aiui said, 'Your 
liust has benitched you' ; so thcy dispersed before the apostle could 
addressthem, On the morn.K lit s.mi tn mc, "I'! -,s man spoke berore I 
could, and the people disperscd before I could address thcm, so do esactly 
as you did yestcrday.' Everything went as bcfore and thcn the apostle said, 
: 1,1., 1 know of no Arab who has «nir n fc 
pcople with a nobler mcssage thaj) mine. 1 havc biou»lit you Ihe liest ol 
this world and thc next. God has ordcred me to call you to Him. So 
which of you will co-operate 






,[li< yrair 






1 1, though the youngest, most rheumy-eyed, fatt 
in legs, said: 'O prophet of God, I wil! be your helper m tnis mat 
laid his hand on the back of my neck and said, 'This is my brot 
etecutor, and my successor among you. Hearken to him and ob 
The men got up laughing and saying to Abii Tilib, 'He has ordere 
lislen to your son and obey himl') 

(T. 1 173. Ibn Hamid from Salama from Ibn Ishiq from 'Amrb 
from a!-Hasan b. Abu'1-Hasan said: When tius rtrse canie .lov. 
apostle, he stood in the valc and said, ' O Sons of ' Abdu'1-Muttalib 
of'AbduMam,f;0 -.., ,li, 1. Then he named Quraysh 
tribe until he camc to the end of them— 'I " — 



When the apostle 1 ! 
thcir people could not see tnem pray 
was with a number of the prophet's 
Mecca, a band of polytheists came upoc 
rudely interrupted them. They blame 
until they came to blows, and it was t 
poiytheist wilh the jawbor 



God and I wam 
prayed thcy w,:nl W the gl 







11 lsUi 



When the apostle openly displayed Islam as God ordercd him his people 
j,,„ t , l ra , u 1 m iar as I have heard, until he spoke 

,67 disparagingly of their gods. Whcn he did that they took great offence and 

1 ] , , 1 I . I hi t tl l\ were a despised minority. 

:\bu''i'iilib his uncle treated the apostle kin.ll nj ; 1 t, , I 1, rl 
lntte- 'cominuing to obcy God's commands, cothing tuming him back. 
Whcr. Quravsh saw that he would not yield to them and withdrew from 
thcm and insultcj thcir gods and that his uncle treatcj liim kin.ll; and 
stood up in his defence and would not give him up to them, somc of their 
leading men went to Abii Talib. iiunick 'Cibn ;-n.i Shayba, bo ' 



Rabi*a b 



,/.,,]■ !!.,! 



The Life 0/ Muhammad ' 1 9 

al-Aswad b. al-Muttalib b. Asad . . . and Abu Jahl (whose narne was 

\„, , h il ,„, J \ , I H, Hi him b. al Mughira . . . and 

al-Walid b. al-Mughira . , . and Nubayh and Munabbih two sons of 
al-Ilaijai b, Anm b. [luJhayia . . . and al- As „. \\ 5 il (166). Thcy sa.d, 
'(> Abi'i Talib, vour nephew has cursed our gnds, inailito <mr religio-i, 
mocked o'ur way of life' and accuscd our forefathers of crroi : eithcr you 
m „st ston him or vou must lct us eet at him, fur you yourself are in the 



y, publishing God's religion an, 
-elations with Quraysh deterior; 
f. They were always talking ab 






thcir 



al-Mughira b. al-Akhnas told me that he was tol 
that aftet hearing these words from the Quraysh Abu Tilil, sciit ioi li 
. , |[ hadsaid 'SparemeandyourseH 
h,- siti.l. ■!).. not put on mc a burden grcater than I can bear.' The apost 
thought that his uncle had the idca of abandoning and betraying hun, an 
tliit iu -.i.i.L-.ir.g i„ l<is. hisliilpanilMippon. Ht iunwercd, 'Omy uncl 
I 1, ! i ,, , , 1 , , ,,„ , _',t hind and the moon in my left c 
condition that I abandoned this course, until (md lias m.tdc :t victon<„i 
or I perish therein, 1 would not abandon it.' Thcn th<: ii|,„s-U- broki nr 



t',':,:s .', 




Ashetu 


ncd awa 


hisunclec 


Ued him and said, 'Come 


back] m 


nTph^ 










1 b. G„d I IMli 11 


.,<■,- E iv,. 








theQu 












„,[ liia 






art compan 






1 Tma 


a b. al-W 


!i,i !:. 3 








011, 


\K, Tnlii 


thisis' 


inira. (lic 










■aysh.s, 




d you will have thc benent 






. 1111,: snppi.rt ; adopt bim as a 




















the unity 




opk, and n 






nav kill 


him. Tlns 


will be n 




' He answered, 'By God, 


this is :, 


m ll th 


ng that yo 


t would put upon m 


, would you give me your 






i2o Tke Lije of Muk&mmad 

son that I should feed him for you, and should I givc you my son that you 

should kill him? By God, thia shall never be.' Ai-Mut'im h. 'Adiy said, 

'Your people have treated yau niirly and haw uken pii-is x<> :ivoid whnr. 

you dislike. I do not think that you are wilii:: 

them.' Abu Talib replied, 'They have not treated me fairly, by God, but 

you havc agrced to betray me and help the people against me, so do what 

you likc," or words to that erTcct. So the situation worsened, the quarrel 

h,-i.-LLJsii- 1h-lilvJ lsiuI ]-TLi-iplu wii-re :-]:..:rply divided, and openly showed their 

animosity to their nppnnems. Aba Talib wrotc rhc. rollnwiti"; yltm^, 

from the 'Abdu Manaf, and his enemies among the tribes of Qurayah. He 
mentions therein what they had asked of him and his estrangement from 

Say to *Amr and al-Walid and Mut'im 

Rather than your protection give me a young camel, 

Weak, grumbLing and murmuring, 

Sprinkling its Aanks with ita urine 



Wk-n 



i for help, sa; 

a rock falls from the top of D 
lean especially r Al 



With mt 


whosc tnthers v,e 


e whispered abo 


t; 


And Tay 


n, and Makhzum, 


and Zuhra, are 


the 


Whn-rjad 


jeen friends of ou 






By God, 














Their roi 


ds and thoughts w 






They we 


- entirely mthout judgement (167). 




Then the Qut 


i:,'. incilcd pcopL 


against the comp 





. 

beating thrnc and 1 n 1 1 iliei 1 11 fiod protected His 

apostle from them through liis umlc. «hi>, uhcn he saw what Quraysh 
were doing, called upon n. Tllshim and B. al-Muttalib to stand with him in 
i. I 1 1 tn do, with the exception of Aba 

Lahab, the accursed enemy of God. 



The Ufi <if Muhamn 
iu Talib was delighted at the rcsponse of 



| rtrengthen I 

Jrindness to him. Hesaid: 
If one day Quraysh ga 
■AbduMan.l: imulJ h 
Andifthen,ihl,s„fV 
Amongat Hu.-lihn 1.1'U 

If they boast one day, 

They were not success 

Of old we have never 

When people turned away their faces in pride we nmk thein t.u, 

We ptotected their sanctuary wheneyer danger threatened 

And drove the assailant from its buildings. 

Through us the dry wood becomcs green, 

Under our protection its roots expand and grow. 






Je themsel 



.11 have heard about t 



murmuring and rhymed speech of the kahin,' 'Then he is y 

said. 'No, he is not that,' he said, 'we have seen possessed ones, and here 

they said. 'No, he is no poet, for we know poetry in " *— 



• 'Then 1 



■No, 



thi 



its." "Then what are we to say, 
rs ?' they asked. He replied, 'By God, his speech is 
jlm-tree whose branches are fruitful (168), and every- 

_ that he ia a sorcerer, who has brought a message by 
diieh he separates a man from his father, or from his hrothcr, or frorrc his 
/ife, or from his family.' 

1 Cf. SOTCt ccj. 4. Spitting, or pechaps 'Wowcnjj.' 



Tke Life of Muhammad 



when ihey 


omc to the tair. They 


«■jrnal wcryonc who passed them 


about Muhammad's doings. God revealed coneerning al-Waiid: 




Leavc to Me him 






Giving hini wealth and trade, 






















Ay, Our signs hath he gainsard (i^nj) ■ 


Tshallim 


lose on him a gricvous h 


urden; he thought and planned; msy 


heperishho 


yheplarined, m:iy lic pcr 


sh how he planned. Then he looked, 


then he frov 


ned, and shuwed ariger 


trm\ 


'Then he turned his back m pride and said, "This is nothing but ancicnt 








ThenGoc 






a term to describe the apostle and the 


reyelation he brought from God, 'A. 






had split the Quran into parts, by thy 


..mlw, V,ll 


ask them ali about wha 






nen bcgan to spread this 


report about the apostk- w.th ,-v,-rv- 




t so that the Arabs wen 


away from that fair knowing ahout 


the apostle, 


and he was talked about 


in the whole D f Arabia. When Ahu 



nultitude would overwhclm him witb his tamily he 
composed the rollowing odc, in wbi.-i. he claimed protection in the sanc- 
tuary of Mecca and by his position therein. He showed his affection foi 
the nobles of his people whilc, ncvertheless, he ttild them rr, 
poetry that he was not going to givc up the apostle or surrendcr him on anj 

When f saw the people had no love for us 



id had sc 



iJl-will. 



ir ringers in rage at oc 
e templc 1 gathered m 



reacherous pcople against u 



Standing together, fa 



:d cloth 3 that covere 
m oath completes his 1 





Tke Life of Muhammad 




Where thc pilg 


tms make their camcls knr.-l 




Whcrc Ihe bl.j. 


1 llims hcm-cer. is.ll ar.d Nii 


la, 




on the shoulders or neck, 




Tamed ones, b 


twccnsiwndnineyearsold 




You see amulet 


,,:. ijvm. and alabaster orn 






neeks like date-hcaring bran 




1 1 .L , 1 . 


th the Lord of men from ev 


ry adv 


And cvery lyin 








with his hurtiul slan.hr. 




And from him who adds to reliynn what v, 


h.ice . 


By Thaur and Him who fixed Thablr in his 




And by him wl 








ple of the vallcy of M.-rta- 










By the black st 












By Abraham's 






With both tcct 


bare, without sandals; 




By the running 


' i , - \ 1 r , . i .• - 1 1, 




And by thc sta 






Jty .",.-ry IMlcrim ndilie; 10 the i.in.sc i.t' Ge. 





By 1151, the furthest sacred spot 2 to which they go 

Where the streamSets open out ; 

By their halt at even above the mountains 

When thcy help the camels by their hands to risc ; 3 

By the night of thc meeting, by the stations of Mina, 

Are any holy places and stations superior? 

By the erowd, whcn the home-going horses pass by q. 

As though escapirig from a storm of rain ; 

By the great stone heap, 4 when they make for it 

Aiming at its top with stoncs; 

By Kinda, when they are at al-Hisab at cven, 

Wi.cn the piisjnms , t Haki- h. W.i'il pass by them 

Two allies who strengthened the tie between them, 

And directcd to it all mcans of unity; 



4 The Life of Muhaiimmd 

And its hushes too, as they galloped like Aying ostriches. 

Is Lncit' :,'iy better. rcttige for one who seeks it? 

Is there a righteous grid-feaiing man who will grant it ? 

Our aggressors get their way with us, and wish 

Tliat the gates of Turk and Klbul 1 were blocked with our bodii 

You lie, by God's house, we will not leave Mecca, anii go fonh, 

Until your affairs are in confusion. 

You lie, by God's house, Muhammad shall not be malueated ; ! 

Before we shoot and thrust in his defence, 

" "n> up till we lie dead around him, 



And be unmindh 
Until a people in 



id hght you, 



By God, if whit I see should become seriot 



The suppnr: ol 

'iimily, ready to 
There they find pity and k 




The Life of Mukammad 
They obeyed Ubayy and the son of their 'Abdu Yagutt 



So, to 


, were we treate 


i by Subay' and Naufal, 




AiilI [■ 






skindly. 


HlIlLl 




r itiitiii, iii t.od ttite U5 tliu Iil-l 


Lllll lllL'111. 


U 11 LV 


|i;lV till'111 11.11. 






ThlLt 




muld Liri uaiigtit hut lialc us, 




■|'o ser 




| 1 n 1 i inu! ]n irs 




He talks about us confi 


ii il t and morning. 




Talko 


,, Ahu 'Amr, w 






Hesw 


ars by God he v 






litlt v. 


sec hini openly 


doing nothing else; 





Youwereamanbywhos 


opinionmengu 


ded their lives, 


'Utba, do not listen to an enemy's word 


'against us; 














t,,,<vpi.iL- alimg as though 


hewereoncoft 




He betook himself to the high grotind and 










He tells us that he is soriy 






But he hides evil designs 










c.tllcd f..i liiil,' 


Nor on the day of battle when miglity dccds ucre calkd f. 


Nor when they came agai 


styi.il fullt.f ei 






matched yours. 














God requite 'Abdu Sham. 


and NauM for 




With evil punishment qui 






a grain too littl 




The baUtnce its own witne 






Foolish are the minds of p 




nged us 


For Banu Khalaf and the 


Ghayatil.' 





And the family of Qusayy in matters tif import. 
Sahm and Makhsiim stirred up against us 

Kvl']-\ sL"Oi.ifidivl ;i.nJ !■ '\v-born churl. 

'Abdu Maniif 3 you atv thc bcsi ol" your peoplc, 



Tke Life of Muhammad Ths Li f e «J ' !"'><»»'»«« 

non cause with every outsider. Undeniably finc is Zuhayr, our ncphew, 

fir from rieht. The proudest of thc proudest chiefs, 

, thc sticks undcr one pot Belonging to the Bnest stock m glory. 

he sticks under many pots and vcbsc1s. ITaith I am devoted to Ahmad and his brethren 

'" M " ' L '"' '" " '' '" r '' rtIn f f ™ m US ' p* * ^ nBtant l0Ver "' an ),„ e to be like him 

I |, , Clement, rightly guided. just criou 

inE Lu'avy b Ghrilih, Tbe friend of God, ever mindhjl of Him. 



Deserting us allt 
If «e are mcn w 

ThTjamiW ofNufayl isThe worst that ever trod the earth, That would be brought against our sheikhs in 

.'. ' ■, , . ..„ .1 „r m,'.jj We wouid tollow him whatev. r ]".[!-. :n;ic!i, bii 



Qusayy that o.„ ....•' .11 I , I i- . 1 ahroad, I» dradly earnest, not in idle words. 

And grve Ousayy the good news that after us there will bc a falling They know that oor son .s not held a har by us, 

■■■■'■■'■■ -'"""'■ ". , And to not concerned with roolish falsehood. 

Ahmad has struck so deep a root among us 
m . That the attacks of the arrogant fail to affect him. 

, u ' ES I shielded and dcfended him myself by every means (172).' 



apart (a „ 
Yet il c.u.mity beicll Qusayy c 
Weshouldhavc htiu fl« finS 



/e should show them how to protect the mothtTs nf childrcii. j ,, , )IS | \,,i [I i r I 11 1 

"et every friend and nephew on whom we ought to count b _ rj mayya; Mu!'im is I. 'Adly b. Naufal b. 'Abdu Manaf; Zuhayr is I. 

/e find uscless when put to the test Aba Umayya b.' al-Mughlra b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar b.Makhzum, his 

xccpt for certain men of Kilab b. Murra nwther bting 'Atika d. 'Abdu'1-Muttahb. Asld and his nrstborn, i.e. 

/hom we exempt From the stigma of the dcserterr . Au5b bi Asid b . A bu'l-'l3 b. Umayya b. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu Manai. 

w . jrud^', «emding w .noth.r r..ding. ' Uthimn is I. 'Ubaydullah the brothcr of Talha b. 'TJhaydullah al-Tayml; 

' , , ," , "' 1 Murra. Abu'1-Y ; tmd Ubayy is al-Akhnas b. Shanq 

Wc n ihc rock-likc dtf.no= of (Ml*. al-Thaqafi ally of B. Zuhra b. Kilab ([73).« 

Tb. youns men , ni .1. .1 i. " ^»' AI-Aswad is I. 'Abdu Yaghuth b. Wahb b. 'Abdu Manaf b. Zubrr. b. 

l ,11 Kilab; Subay' is I. Klialid hrothcr of B. al-Hirith b. Khr; Naufal is I. 

v . i • ■'- ' ' ■'• ' ' ' ™ rst ,rib "- Khuwaylid b. Asad b. 'Abdu'I-'Uzza h. Qusayy. He was f. al-'Adaw!ya, 

j '"' i- mp , t m,.t, one of the 'satans' of Quraysh. He it was who roped togcthci Abf. Ihikr 

and Talha b. 'Ubaydullah when they went over to tslam. They got the 



,« *Ml./fi For hĕtyii. 



The Life o/ Muhammad 









I kilk-d hi 



be batlle 
,. 'Abdu Maiird. 



The^trcacl.croiis pcople' arc B. lkikr b. 'AhJu Manat b. Kinana. These 
are thc Arabs whom Abti Tiilib e.iuni, ilcd ii . v. 1.(174). 

,hei il lelwgjui lobeblazedabn>adtta>ug!iou1 tta lan I 

h , „ r 1 .1 ni.llibcai.il . '.■' 

knew more abuut llic apustk uhc.i aml bclun hc w,is iLiLni.oi.cd llian th.s 
tribc t,f Aus an.l Kl.Jxr.ii 'IV 'ca-,,i, ii.r this wns ilial rbc> wcrc weil 
acuui.nted with tl I ,1 1 1. . I s, 

with them as allics. ttiicu :lu- aposU. was lalkcd of in Medina and they 
I | t,| I , uithQuray5h,AbuQaysb.al-Aslat,brothcrof 

,, | 1 , „n „.se.i lli, .1 1- - .u below (175). 
Abii Q:iys v,ii» uanuiy :>t,ac] 
tlirough his wife Arnab d. Asa 



Lich i.e , 






ofrlioar. 






:o protect the apostle, and . 



YshlilU 


he was related to them 




3. Qusayy, and he wirh 




Hccompiistd anot 




, torbade Quraysh to fight th 










eminded thcm of how God 




ar of th 


Elcphant. 





O.ic pailt kuidlcs the nre of w; 



Aill give Hrs judgcment) 






ip the tinest clothes of Yt 



;nant pool ha 



TheLifeof.'<- 
Do not let it cling to you ; 
Iranght. 



ainly recognize an old hag. 
hes unsparingly the weak, 
15 death-dealing blows at the great. 
ou not what happened in the war of Dahis > 
■Mir of Ilutib i- Take a lesson from them! 



As 


f winds from all quarters scattered the clouds;' 






Uyouofitsb4Uls 


(Fo 


rcal knnulcdgc is tlic rcsult of c.vpcricncc). 


So sell your spears to those who love 




And remember the account you mu 


st render, for Go 








Man's Lord has chosen a religion, 




So 


et none guard you but the Lord 












ravel by heights, 


Voi 


are a light and protection to thi 


people, 


You 


Imid tlic v,ay, uot Ucking virtue 




Ifn 






Tl, 


best of the vale is yours in nobl 




Yoi 


preserve noble, anc, at peopla 




Whose genealogy shows no foreign b 




Yot 


see the needy come to your hou 




Th 


p.ople k.iow ihat your kaders 






II- LM 









:im, leader of the squadrona, 
His cavalry was in the plains, 
His infantry upon the passes of the hills. 
','.):.. i the help of the Lord of the throne reached you 
His armies rcpulsed them, pelting them, and coyerin; 

Quickly they turned tail in Aignt 

And none but a few returned to his people from the am 
ill perish, and the fairs by wl 



Tl:,,,, 



cthc v., 



:ruthful m 



,(I 7 6). 



i Hakim b. Umayya b. Haritha b. al- Auqas al-SuIami, an ally of B. Umayya 
who had become a Muslim, composed the following verses to turn his 
people from their determined enmity to the apostle. He was a man of 
good birth aild authority. 

Does one who says what is right stick to it, 
And is there one listening who would be angry at the truth? 
je hope to protlt from him 



trols rhc v, i„d 



- n ; i 



Though friends threaten 



When the Qura\ «1 : he trouble caused by the enmity 

between them and the apostle and those of their people who accepted his 
teaching, they stirred up against him foolish men who called him a liar, 
iDMlltsd | i,,,, arul accused himof beinga poet, a sorcerer, a diviner, and of 
being po^sessed H 1 1 jminued to proclaim what God 

had ordered him to proclaim, concealing nothing, and eirciting their dislike 
by contemning their religion, forsaking their idols, and leaving them to 
their unbeliet. 

Yahya b. 'Urwa b. aI-Zubayr on the authority of his father from 'Abdui- 
lah b. 'Amr b. al-'As told me that the latter was asked what was the worst 
way in which Quraysh showed their enmity to the apostle. He replied: 'I 
was with them one day when the notables had gathered in the Hijr and the 
apostle was mentioned. They said that they had never known anything 
like the trouble they had endured from this fellow ; he had declared their 



past all bearing, 01 
Whiletheywere 

As he passed they 
from his expressio 



The Life of Muhammad 
;h in^nlud Ihcrr iord^thers, reviled their 
riity, and cursed their gods. What they had bc 
rords to that effect.' 

,e, then he passed th 
, Hewentona 



,. Thon 



;d the third time, and they did the same. He s 
'Will you listen tn me Outaysh? By him who holdsmy lifein His hand 
I bring you skughter.' 1 This word so struck thc jn:oplc that rtot onc <,f 
them but stood silent and still; even one who had hitherto been most 
Yiolent spoke to him in the kindest way possihle, saying, 'Depart, O Abu'l- 
Qasim, for by God you are not tiolent.' So the apostle went away, and on 
the morrow they assembled in the Hijr, I being there too, and they asked 
one another if they remembered what had taken place between them and 
j.„ant they let him 
alone. While they were talking thus the apostle appeared, and they leaped 184 









saying Alhth i, 
evcr saw Quraysh do to hit 
OneofthefamiIyofUm: 



robe. Then AbO. 



. Kulthum, Abii Bakr's daughter, told me that 
the ,,.i: ,.i bla bead totn. He 
?y had dragged him aloog by bJa 



A man of Aslum, who had a good memory, told me that Abu Jahl passed 
by the apostle at al-Safa, insulted him and behaved most nffensively, speak- 
ing spitehilly of his religion and trying to bring hi '-'■ 



,, \o\i :i fn-fdivi.« 



n. hj,. 






listening to what went on. When he went away he betook himself to the 
assembly of Quraysh at the Ka'ba and sat thcre, Witbin a little whilc 
Hamzab.'Abdu'l-Muttalibarnvi I mtl 1, - 1 ,. .-.-. iKinsmgtromhisshoulder, 
returning from the chase, for he was fond of hunting and used to go out 
shooting. Whlh he came back from a hunt he never went home until he 
had circumambulated the Ka'ba, and that done when he passed by an il 
assembly of the Quraysh he stopped and saluted and talked with them. He 
was the strongeat man of Quraysh, and the most unyielding. The apostle 



? lliti 



Tke Life o/ Muhammad 
ouse when he passed by this wi 



nng the people. 






11. i\ , ; 



say w 



Ja'hl's help, but bc said, l.<t AhQ "l ni.ua alone for, by God, I insulted 
his nephew deeply.' Hamza's Islam was complete, and he Mlowed the 
apnsilcs .uiumands. Whcn he became a Muslim the Quraysh recognized 
that tiic apostk Iiad becomc strong, and had found a prolcctor in I.Taniza, 
and so they abandoned some of their ways of harassing him. 



n,ii I ' n I I u i < 1 1 

(irnplitr in.kj Li.t llic prostration 2 and prostrated hin 
have heard what you have heard, Abu'1-WalTd ; the rei 



i entireK alone for, by God, the words which I have heard 1S7 
ahroad. If (other) Arabs «111 l.i.n, oth.-r, will have rid you 



and you will be prospero 



Yazld b. Ziyad from Muhsmmad h. Ka'b al-Qurazi told me that he was 
told that 'Utba b. Rabi'a, who w-as a chief, said one day while he was 
sitting in the Quraysh asscmbK 1 I I 1 - itting •« ,ne mosque 

h, hims.:!f, ■V. fiv shmild i iiot ga to Miihammad and make some proposals 
1,, liirn which if iic accepts in part, we will givc hini v.1>l,:ii er he wauts, and 
1 ,] , , 1,1 lii 1 , 1 1 vlienHamzabadacccptedIsIam 

and they saw that the prophet s I 1. ,,„,11 

Thcv tbraight it was a good idea, and 'Utba went and sat by the prophet 
:s and said, '0 my ncphew, you are one of us as you know, of the noblest of 
the trihc and hokl s worthy pusition i,i :,ur.slr> Yon hiiic coroc t,i i.iur 
, ,.■.: .-iniiiity thcreby and 

gion, and declared that their forefathers were unbelievers, so listen to me 
and I will make somc suggestions, and perhaps you will be able to acccpt 
one of them.' The apostle agreed, and he wcnt on. 'If what you wanl is 
moncy, wc will garrrr io: you of nur property sothatyoumay bc the richest 
of us; if you want honour, wc will iiiakc you our chief so that no one can 

king, and if this ghost which comes to you, which you see, is auch that you 

means in getting you cured, for often 3 tamihar spirit gets ^ossession of a 
min until ht: caii bc cured of it,' or words tn that_effect. The apostle 
listened patiently, ai 






ciful, a book whost 



:rciful, H.M., < 



Isla 



in Mecca a 



:if the in 



n began to spread in 
Quraysh, thoutrh I 1 11 1. 1 1 r g as man\ of the 

Muslims as they could. A tradittonist told me from Sa'id b. Jubayr and 
from 'Ikrima, freedman of 'Abdullah b. 'Abhas, that the lcading men of 
everyclanof Quraysh— 'Utba b. Rabi'a, and Shayba his brothcr, .inj Abii 
mJal N.t.irh. al H.l!i::;.brotheroftheKanuAbdu'l-Dar, 
an.l AIm'1-Iiakhtail b. Hisham, and al-Aswad h. al-Muttalib b. Asa.l and 
Zama'a b, al-Aswad, and al-Walld b. al-Mughira, and Abu Jahl b. Hisham, 
and 'Abdullali b. Abĕ. Umayva, and al-'As b. Wa'il, anj Nui::ivli :i;,J 
Munabbih, the sons ., ,1-H:i I, boili usdin m.l CimilfJ ll Kli 1l.1t 

80 that they could not be held to blame on his account in thc iuturc. \\ hcu 
thcy senl for hini liic :i;„,Jl, ciunc ipiickly because be thought that what 
them had made a 



weltarc, a: 



wicked wi 






i 3 4 The Life of Mukammad 

spirit whlch had got possession of him (they used to call the 

of the jinn ta'iy), then they would eidiaust their means in fim 

to curc him. The apostle rcplied that he had no such intentic 

not money, nor honour, nor sovereignty, but God had se 

apostle, and revealed a book to him, and commanded him 

announcer and a warner. He had brought them the message 

and given them good adyice. If they took it then they would 1 

in thrs world and the neit ; if they rejected it, hc could only patiently await 

Muhammad,' they said, 'if you won't accept any of our propositions, you 
know that no people are more short of land and watcr, and live a harder life 
than we, so ask your Lord, who has sent you, to remove for us these 
mountains which shut us in, and to straighten out our country for us, and 
to open up in it rivers like those of Syria and Iraq, and- to resurrect for us 
our forefathers, and let there be among those that are resurrected for us 
Qusayy b. Kilab, for he was a true shaikh, so that we may ask them whether 
what you say is true or false. If they say you are speaking the truth, and 
you do what we have asked you, we will believe in you, and we shall know 
what your position with God is, and that He has actualiy sent you as an 
apostle as you say.' He replied that he had not been sent to them with such 
an object. He had conveycd to thero God's message, and they could either 
g accept it with advantage, or reject it and await God's judgement. They 
said that if he would not do that for them, let him do something for himself. 
Ask God to send an angel with him to coniirm what he said and to contra- 
dict them ; to make him gardens and castles, and treasures of gold and 
silver to satisfy his obvious wants. He stood in the streets as they did, and 
he sought ■ livelihood as they did. If he could do this, they would recognize 
his merit and position with God, if he wcre an apostle as he claimed to be. 
He replied that he would not do it, and would not ask for such things, for 
i nt »o do so, and he repeated what hc had said hefore. They 
said, 'Then let the heavens be dropped on us in pieces, 1 as you assert that 
your Lord could do if He wished, for we will not believe you unL-ss you 
ilo so.' I hi- antistic rcplkd that tlns v.K :: matttr foi ! hul ; it' llt w.irted ti. 
do it with them, He would do it. They said, 'Did not your Ijii J know that 
ii c wnuld sil with you, and ask you these qucstions, so that He might come 



'. 

o become an 
of his Lord, 






destroy you or you destroy us.' Some said, "W 

are the daughters of Allah.' Others said, 'We V 

you come to us with God and the angels as a si 

When they said this the apostle got up and le 



al-Rahman, and 



The Life of Muhammad 1 35 

Umayya b. al-Mughira b. 'Abdullah h. 'Umar h. Makhjtim (who was the 
sonof hisaum 'V ..rh him and said to 

him, 'O Muhammad, your people have made you certaio proposkions, 
which you have rejected; iirst they asked you things for themselves that 
mow that your position with God is what you say it is so that 
they might believe in you and i l 1 1 i 1 ithing len t ' 

asked you to take something for yourself, by which they might know your 
supenority ftvcr them and your stctndtng with God, and ydu would not do J '. 
it ; then they asked you to hasten some of the punishment with which you 
were ftightening them, and you did not do it', or words to that effect, 'and 
byGod, lwill l,i l ,.inyouuntilyougetaIadJ.rti,iln 1, mj 

mount up it until you come to it, while I am looking on, and until four 
angels shall come i il - ' iking the truth, and 

by God, even if you did that I do not think I should helieve you.' Then he 
went away, and the apostlc went to his l;>m,ly. sa.l nnd grieving, because 
his hope that they had , " J ' 



ill Uod 



it : '..iii v, 



h to that effect, 'and when he prostrates himself in 
praver 1 will split his skull with it. Betray me or defend me, kt the B. 
'Abdu Manif do what they tike after that.' They Baid that they would 
never betray him on any account, and he could carry on with his project. 
When morning came Abu Jahl took a stone and sat in wait for the apostle, 
who behaved as usuat that morning. While he was in Mecca he faced 
Svria in praycr, and when he prayed, he prayed be 
corner and the black stone, putting the Ka'ba *--' — 
The apostle rose to pray while Quraysh sat ii 
what Abu Jahl was to do. When the spostle [ 

turned back in night, pale wi 



:n himself and Syria. 



at had hs 



st the stone from hi 






1. The Qur: 









as told that the apostl 
,uld have seized him. 
len Abu Jahl said th 
mab.AbduManafb. 



said,'ThatwasGabriel. Ifhe 



was a young 

such people and tht 



them, a!-Nadr h. al-Harith b. Kalada b. 

, |i , j, sa V y(i78)gotupsndsaid:'0 

:ion has ansen ... :; ith. Muhammad 

nirag you, most truthful in speech, and most 

I, i.hcr you saiv prey Imirs on histemple, and he brought 






136 The Life of Muhammad 

have seen such pcople and their behaviour, and we have heard their 
rhymes ; and you said a poet, but he is not a poet, for we have heard all 
kindsof poetry;you said hewas possessed, but he is not, for we bflve BOen 
the possessed, and he shows no signs of their gasping and whispering and 
delirium. Ye men of Qutaysh, look to your arTairs, for hy God, a seriuus 
thing has befallen you,' Now al-Nadr b, al-HSrith was one nf the satans of 
Quraysh ; hc used to insult the apostle arid show him enmity. He had been 
to al-Hira and leamt there the tales of the kings of Persia, the tales of 
Rustum and Isb i i i i h i tlc had held a m . iiu. m i-hich 

he reminded them of God, and warned his people of what had happened 
to bygone generations as a result of God's vengeance, al-Nadr got np when 

he began to tell thcm about the kings of Persia, Rustum and Isbandiyar, 
en he wou!d say, 'In what respect is Muhammad a better story-teller 



Ibn 'Abbas, ao 






hesaysfairytalesofthe 

When AI-Nadr said 
Mu'ayttotheTewishral 






are the tirst people of the scriptures a: 
possess about the prophets." They ca: 
to the rabbis, 'You are the people ol 
you so that you can tell us how to dei 
rabhis said, 'Ask him about three thii 



; story. Ask him about the mighty tn 
th East and West. Ask him what thc sp 
er, then folIow him, for he is a prophet. 
and treat him as you wiil.' The two r 
and told theiri that they had a decisive < 
d they told them about the three cjuestit 



io that the people of Mecca began to spread evil 



delay causcd the apistlu grcat sorrow, imtil (ialiricl brought him the 

told him the answcrs of their queslions, the youths, the mighty traveller, 
and the spirit. 

I was told that the apostlc said to Gabne 
yourself off from me, Gabriel, so that 

itiiswc;-. ,!, , \Yu ucscend oiiiy hv Cind'* 
bcfore us, behind us, and what lics bet 

He bcgan the Sura with His wn praU . 

belongs to God, who has rerealcd tb( t 
Muhammad. 

Terily thou art an apostle from Me,' i.e. 
thy prophethood. 'He hath not made rhe: 

from Him,' that is, His immediate judgement in this world, 'And a painfu 
judgement in thc next,' that is, from thy Lord, who has sent thee m ai 
apostle. 'To give those who believe, who do good works, the good new: 
that they will have a glorious reward, enjoying it everlastingly,' i.e. th 
eternal abode. 'They shall not die therein,' i.e. those who have aceeptei 
vtiur message a? tnic-, ihoueh others have denied it, and have done th 



on.' He means the Quraysh when they i . . 

re the daughters of Allah.' 'They have no knowlcdge 

■ fori-:.r.hcrs', who take hardly your lea' ' 



irship 



(,So). 'Yerily Wc 
will follow My co 






the dwellers in the Cave and al 
..c. there were still more wonderfc 
(182). ThenGodsaid:'Whenth 



The Life o/ Muhammad 



■ ■ 






' 



the Cave for many years. Then We brought them to 
i:li^1i* kno-.v .vh'ch of the two parties would best calculate the time tnat 
they had been there.' Then He ssid; 'We will tell you the true account of 
them ; they were young mert who believed in their Lord, and We gave thetn 
further guidance, and We strengthened their heatts. Then they stood and 
said, Our Lord is the Lord of heaven and earth. We will pray to no other 
god but Him. If we were to say otherwise we should speak blasphemy,' 
i.e. they did not associate anyone with Me a 1 . \ I i i I i i * 

what you know nothing about (183). 'These people of ours have chosen 
gods in addition to Tiitn, though tliey hring 110 plain authority t..n tiietn, 1 
i.e. a clear proof. 'Who is more wicked than he who invents a lie against 
God ? When you withdraw from them and what they worship instead of 
God, then take refuge in the Cave ; your Lord will spread for you by His 
mercy and prepare a pillow for you in your plight. You might see the 
sun uhen it risi-s itki.c away trom their Cave towards tlu. ■ 
it sets it would go past them to the left, while they were in a cleft of the 
4 Cave' (184). 'That was one of the signs of God', i.e. for a proof against 
those of thc pcoplc of the scriptures wlm knew llieir story and who ordered 
those men to ask you about them concerning the truth of your prophecy in 
giving a true account of them. 'Whom Gc. [ :■ 

for him whom He leads astray you will find no friend to direct. And 
you would think they were awake while they were sleeping, and we would 
turn them over to the right and the left, while thcir dng was l\-im; with tls 
forepaws on the threshold' (185). 'If you observed them closely you would 
turn your backs on them rleeing, and be afraid of them' up to the words 
he people of power an ' ' 



jcw 



. 'I.et us 









1; thev .-.ili say,' i 



L-eighth. Say: My Lord kr 
isaveafew, 



.the 
hese questions. 'Three, their dog 
" , their siMh being the dog, 
bout it, 'and they lurj seven 

:ontend with ihcjn ev;'. ;n with lili 



tdwiththem. '. 

information about them,' for they know nothing about it. 'And do not say 
of anything I will do it tpmorrow unless you say, If God will. And men- 
tion your Lord if you have forgotten and say, Perhaps my Lnrd will guidc- 
me to a nearer way of truth than this,' i.e. do not say ahcut ar.ything i-.lnch 
they ask you what you said about tltis, viz. 1 wil'. [cil you tomorrow, and 
make God's will the condition, and remember Him when you have for- 
gotten to do so and say, Perhaps my Lord will guide me to what is better 
than what they ask of me In guidance, for you do not know what I am 
17 doing about it. 'And they remained in their Cave three hundred years 
and they added nine,' i.e. they will say this. 'Say: Your I^ord knows best 



Howw, 



hcv stayed there 
lerrully H 



and he 






He allows none in His dc 
ask you is hidden from Him. 

And He said about what they asked him in regard to 1 - . 
' And they will ask you about Dhu'1-Garnayn ; say, I will recite to 
remembrance of him. Verily We gave him power in the earth, ar 
gavetohimevery road and li; . rhe end of his stc 

It is said that he attained what no other mortal attained. Roadi 
stretched out before him until he trayersed the whole earth, east and 
He was given power over every land he trod on until ht : 



. man who used to purvey storics of the forei; 
■n among them, told me that Dhu'I-Qamay 
,l.ir/ il.jn b. Mardhaba, the Greek, 



:: ■ 



YaAth b. NCh <i86). 






b. Ma'dan al-Kala'T, who was a man who 
mes, told me that the apostle was asked about Dhu'l- 
aid, 'He is an angel who measured the earth beneath by 






' God knows the truth of the m: 

thiTt or not. If he said it, then what he said 

God said concerning what they asked hi 

ask you about the Spirit, say, the Spirit is 

have only a little knowledge about it. 



Iwastoldoi: tl 



ofIbn'A 



te apostlt 



rie Jewish rabbis said, 'When yo 
a little knowledge about it," did you mean us or your own people >' 
lid, 'Eothofyou.' They said, 'Yet you will read in what you brought 108 
ve were given thc Taurat in which is an cvp. ■ 
:d that in referencc to God's knowiedge that u ;.s l:[t'. : 
:nough for them if thcy carried it out. God revesled conceming what 
askedhimaboutthat'Ifallthetrs ' ' 



would not be «dlausted. 
compared with God's ki 
cerning what his people asked him 



:rily God is mighty and 

leds-e is little. And God revealed t 

themselyes, namely, rei 



it, the words of God 






dead, 'If there were a Quran by which mountains could be m 
the earth split, or the dead spoken to [it would be this one], bul 
belongs the disposition of all things,' i.e. I will not do anythihg of 



TheLif £ v/:-s 



B4A«Jig«U-er C 



And He revealed to 
gers before thee they i 
of you a test for others, whether you 
looking on,' 1 i.e. I made some of yoi 
steadfa$t. Had I wanted to make the 



lg their saying, ' When We sent me 
alk in the markets, and we made 

uld he steadfast, and.your L,< 
LCra ihat you mig 

^rld side with my apostles, s( 



fragrnents as you assert, 
a house of gold, or mou 
until you bring down to 
Lord, sm I aught but a 
He revealed to him wi 


morta! messenger' (187).* 


" Say: 

We hm 


inth7™ce S n 
e heard that 


man in al-Yamama calle 


. al-Rahman teaches you. 


i\ r -., il 




in him'. 'Thus did We send you to 








^h^wlrtLylbe 


might read 


$£Z£t2 


.l'"'' 


. 












And He iwesbd to h 




ng what Abfl J 






'Have you seen him whn pmhibite. 


a servant whe 


he prayed, have you 



! rightly guided or gave orders in the fear of God, hav 
seen if he ]ied and turned his back; does he not know that Allah sees 

. v!ock; let hlm call hts gang, we will call the guards of hell. 

Thou shalt certainly not obey him, prostrate thvself and draw near to 

God> (188). 

>i And God revealed concerning what they proposed to him iri rcijard to 

theirmoney,'Say, I askno rewaid . t m u i , nji mj reward is God's 



The iJJe oj Muhammad 141 

to thcm what they knew was thc truth so that they recognized his truthful- 
ness and his position as a prophct in bringing them tidings of the unseen 
.-...ed him about it, envy prevented them from admitting his 
, , Jr | t I 1 1 , ' 1 t, , I 1 opcnly lorsook h 11 

mandments and took refuge in thcir polytheism. One of them said, 'Do 
noi listcn to this Ouran; trcat it as ncnscnsc an.l probably you will getthe 
better of it', i.e. treat it as nonsense and false; and treat him as a mere 
rayer— you will probably get the better of him, whereas if you argue or 
debate with him 1 . hetter of you. 

Abir Jahl, when he was mocking the apostle and his message one day, 
said : ' Muhammad pretends that God's troops who will punish you in hell 

tion. Can it be that every hundred of you is unequal to one man of them ?' 
In retercncc t<> that Cod reecalcd, 'Wc have made the guardians of hell 
, , , ] , I I , 1 1 rhe number of them a trial to those who dis- 
believe\ to thc end of the passage.' Whereupon when the apostle recited 
the Quran loudly as he was praying, thcy began to disperse and refused to 
listen to him. If anyone of them wanted to hear what he was reciting as he * 
prayed, he had to listen steslthily for fear of Quraysl 









ay for fear 






DijYid I». al-Husayn frcedman of 'Amrb. 'Uthman told me that 
freedman of Ibn 'Abbas had told them that 'Abduikh b. 'Abbas 1 
them that thc vcrsc, ' Don't spcak loudly in thy prayer and don't b. 
adopt a middle course," was revealed beeause of those people. 1 
'Don't speak loudly tn 
•Don'th " ' 



Yahyab. 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr told m 
to speak the Quran loudly in Mecc 



.iiilJ. they rcplicd that thcy were afraid on his bchalf an 

a man of good family who would protect hmi froiii 1 

attacled him. Hc rcplied, 'Let me alone, for God wi: 

--■icr he went to the sanctuary while Quraysh 












faee ; but he continued to read so fer as God willed that he should read. 
Then he weot to his compuniuns with tbe marks uf their blows on his face. 

'GLid's cncjuiL-s yiltc ncicr iisiij-u ciiTitL-ii ipt ihlc in tilv sight than theY are 
iio»', aod if you like f willgo and do the same thing bcrarc thcm lomom™ .' 
They said, 'No, you have done enough, you have made them listen to what 



Muhammad b. Muslim b. Shihab al-Zuhri told me that he was told that 
Abu Sufyan b. Harb and Abu Jahl b. Hisham and al-Akhnas b. Shariq b. 
'Amr b. Wahb aI-Thaqafi, an ally of B. Zuhra, had gone out by night to 
listen to the apostic .:-: Iiv i.:;s pisYiiic; m I is lnmsi . F.veryone of them 
chose aplace to sit whcrc hc couli wbere hift fefiov 

was Slttint;. Su thcv p.issL.I Ljic nik;lit lislLtiins. Iii liint, nritil :ts tln: d L l'iVIl 
rosc, thcy dispcrscd On llic ,i«i) iinm. tiicj met and rcproached onc 
another, and one said to the otlicr. '[)ni'i ,k> :t i-eain, for if one of the 
li K l][-i]iinitnl 1'unls sccs ynu, you will aiousc suspicion in his mind.' Then 
they went away, untilon thesecond night everyone of them returned again 
to his place, and thcy passcd thc night iistening. Then at dawn the same 
.,! agam, and again on the third night, when on the morrow 

obligation that we will not return.' This they did and thcn dispcrscd. In 
the morning al-Akhnas took his stick and went to the house of Abu 
Sufyin, and asked him to tell him his opinion of what he had hcard from 
Muhammad. He replied, 'By GolI. 1 Itlsij.I itiiiis-s liiLit I know, and know 



,t by tl 






U-Akhnat 






the same.' Then he left him and went to Abii jahl's house, aml asked him 
thesamequestion. Ili answcrcd, 'Whatdid I hcar! Wc mid II, 'Abdu Manaf 

they have assumed others' burdens, and so have we; they havc been 
generous, and so have we, until we have progressed side by side/ and we 
were like two horses of equal speed. They said,"We havc a prophet to 

■ : ' S > 



like that? By God, we will never bclit 

Then al-Akhnas got up and Ieft him. 

When thc apostle recited the Qurs 

they said in mockery, 'Our hearts ar< 

'ialoadia 



id called them to God, 






les us from yyu, so tollow your ow r n path ane 
ours, we do not understand anything you say.' Thcn God revealed, 'And 
when you read the Quran wc put bctween you and those who do not be!ieve 
in the last day a hidden veil," as far as the words 'and when you mention 
your Lord alone in the Quran they turn their backs in awLsnm , th.Lt is. 
how can they understand thy assertion that thy Lord is one if I have put 
er their hearts and heaviness in their ears, and between you and 



ttthcy 



llege?' i.e. that I have not do 
to when they listen to you, an 
iy, "You are only tollowing a i 
they order people not to listen to th< 
w they have made parabk-is tif ;iuu, 









minds is harder, tht-y i.ill sav, "\\ 

you in the beginning,' i.e. He who created you trom wnat you Kn< 

create you from dust is no more dirhcult than that to him. 

'Abdullah b. AbQ Najih from Mujahid from Ibn 'Abbas told m 
latter said, 1 asked him what was mt-ant by the word of God "or a 
that you think is hardcr" and he said, "Deatb." ' 



Then the Quraysh showed their cnmity to all those who lnlloucd thc 
apostle ; every clan which contained Muslims attacked them, imprisoning 
them, and beating them, allowing them no food or drink, and exposing 
them to the burning heat of Mccca, so as lo seduce them from their religion. 
Some gave way undi i pil-ssiisl ol pLtsccution, and others resisted them, 
Ill| by God. 
Biiiil, who was aherwards freed by Abu Bakr but at that time belonged 

His father's namc was RibSh and his mothcr was Hamama. Umayya b. 
Khalaf b. Wahb b. Hudh5fa b. Jumah used to bring him out at the hottest 



i ' -sl ,^rn b 



The Life of Muhammad 
id throw him on his back in the open valiey and ha< 



his father: Waraqa b. 
Naufal was passing him while he was bemg thus torturtd aiul sayiii K , 
'One, one,' and he said, 'One, one, by God, Bilal.' Then he went to 
Umayya and those of B. Jumah who had thus maltrcated hirn, and said, 
'I swear by God that if you kilt him in this way I will make his tomb a 
shrine.' One day Abu Bakr passed by while they werc thus ill-trL-ating 
him, for his house was among this clan. He said to Umayya, 'Have you 
— c -:ar of God that you treat this Door fcilow like this ? How long is it to 



i?'Hcteplied, 'You 



ill do so,' said Ah,-. llak,,'. : 
:in lv \\1„, ua hi:sl!:,-ii. 1 ■... i 



■a:i-d :<> Mcdina 



in Ishn 



mely: 'Amir b. Fuhayra, who 
led at the battle of Bi'r Ma'Qna ; and Umm ' Ubays and •Zinn!ra 
:r sight when he freed her and Quraysh said, 'AI-LIt and ai- 
lu: oncs tliai have takcn away hcr sight'; but she saul, 'liy thc 
od, you lie. Al-Lat and ai-'Uzza can neither harm nor heal,' 



Kahdiya and her daughter who belonged to a v 
e pasacd by them when their mistress had s< 
:f hcrs, and she was saying, 'By God, I will n 



!r free 

: '!tisfrei 



yaucorruptedthemsoymi f]<c[!icm.' They agrecd 

s:,i.l, I v.ill takcthemand theyare free. Return her* flour to her'.' Th, 

ii 'ii iin hin 11 niling and then take it back to hcr 

Ucsaid, Ycs, ifyoulike.' 

Hc passed by a slave girl of B. Mu'ammil, a clan of B. 'Adiy b. Ka'b wl 
was a JMuslirti. 'Umar b. al-Khattah was punishing her to make her gi- 
up Islam. At that timc he was a polytheist. He beat her until he was tir 
and said, 'I havc only stopped beating you because I am tired.' She sai 
'May God trcat y„„ „, :!„■ s ;! ,-,,<- ■,:,,.' Ahn i:,|„- |.,„n,}, t hcr and frced h, 

Muhammad h. 'Abdullah b. Abu 'Atiq from 'Amir b. 'Abdullah b. : 
Zuh.ivr Ir.im nne of his family told me: Abfl Quhafa said to his son Al 
Kakr. : M\ siin. I sec ll:.:i \";i .ue lleeiii.:; wcnk slaccs. If you want to i 
what you are doing, why don't you fre,- puwcrt" 1 •"— ■»•— "»■'■' ■>-'- 
you ain! prtncctyou?' Hesaid,'! am only trying t 



imi 1:<: 















The Life o/ Muhammad 



intheendhe 



The B. Makhzum used to take out 'Ammar b. Yisir with his father and 

heat of Mecca, and the Apoatle passed by them and said, so I have heard, 
'Patience, O family of Yasir! Your meeting-place will he paradise.' They 
itaer, for she refused to abandon Islam. 
It was that cvil man Abu Jah! . ans against them. 

When he heard that a man had become a Muslim, if he was a man of 
sociaj importance and had rclations to defend him, he reprimanded him anrj » 
poured scom on him, saying, ' You have forsaken the religion of your father 
who was bettcr tli:: ■ e you a blockhead and brand you 

as a fool, and destl li he was a merchant he said, 

'We wdl boycott your goods and reduce you to beggary,' If he was a 

>idme:'Isaidto'AbduJlahb, 
'Abbas, "Were tle hem so badly that apostasy was 

excu ibl j I i rl i h< said, "they used to bcat one of 

because of the "iolence they had used on him, so that in the end he would 
do whatever they said." If they said to him, "Are al-Lat and al-'Uzz3 
your gods and not Allah?" he would say, "Yes" to the point that if a 
beetle passed by them they would say to him, "Is this beetle your God and 
not Allah ?" he would say yes, in order to escape from the surTering he was 
enduring.' 

Al-Zubayr b. 'Ukasha b. 'Abdullah b. Abu Ahmad told me that he was 
told that some men of B. Makhirijm went to ITishair, h, il-WiBd when liis 
brother al-Walid b. al-Walld became a Muslim. They had agrecd to seiae 
some young men who had become Muslims, among whom were Sabna b. 
HishSm and 'Ayyash b. Abu Rabi'a. They were afraid of his yiolent 
temper and so they said, 'We wish toadmonish these men because of this 



■Be careml of his kk, fcr I swcar l.y Cod that if you kill h.m, 1 \r'll kill the 
noblest of you to the last man.' They said, 'God damn the man. After 
what he has said who will want to bring trouble on himself, for, by God, 
if this man were killed while in our hands the best of us would be killed to a 
man.' So they left him and withdrew, and that was how God protected 



The Ufe af Muhammad 



When the apostle saw the atniction of his compankins and that though he 
escaped it because of his standing with Allah and his undc \hv. T.~ili:\ 
he could not protect them, he said to thcm: 'If you werc to go to Abyssinia 
(it would be hett i 1 i 1 nl iuii i • u i u t 

friendly country, until such rime as Allah shall relieve you from your 
distress.' Thereupon his companions wcnt to Abyssinia, being afraid of 
apostasy and Aeeing to God with their religion. This was the nrst hijra 



Tl 


e tirst of the Muslims to go were : E 


m 






it. 


'AbduT-Shams: . . . A 


■ 




d. Suhayl b. 'Amr one 






Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzz5: 




ii. 




.b. I iray; 




Zuhrab. Kilab:'Abdu' 




B. 
<ile 


MakhzQmb. Yaqza:.. 
Omm Salama d. Abu U 


nayya b. al-n 



li. t™ 



TTiuiijn h. 



B. 'Adiyb. Ka'b: 'Amir b. Rabi'a, an ally of the family of al-Khattab 
of Anz b.W;Vil (iSu), with his wife Layla d. Abu Hathma b. rfudhafa . . . 

B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy: Abu Sabra b. Abu Ruhm b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza b. 
Abu Qays . . . b. 'Amir. Others say it was Abu Hatib b. 'Amr b. 'Abdu 
Shams of the same descent. It is said that he was the first to arriye in 



Abyssinia. 

B. al-Harith: Suhayl b. Bayda' 
\bvssi ii . ;■ 

Atterwards Ja'far b. Abu Talib went, 
another until they gathered in AbySSHUl 



These ten were the nrst to 
(190). 

the Mujtt 

e took their families, 

1. 'Umays b. al-N 



B. Hashim: Ja'far . . . who took his wife Asma' d. 
. . . Siit- har L iiiin Alidullah in Abyssinia. 

B. Lmjwa: T ihin.in b. 'Arnin . . . with liis wift Ruqayya; . . . 'Amr b. 
\mlbi-i ith h I i . n [ may\a b Muhar- 

rith b. Khumal b. Shaqq b. Raqaba b. Mukhdij al-Kinani, and his brother 
o Khalid with his wife Umayna (191) d. Khalaf of KhuzS'a. She bare him 
his son Sa'id in Abyssinia, and his daughter Ama who afterwards married 
al-Zubayr b. ai-'Awwam and bare to him 'Amr and Khalid. Of their 
allies of B. Asad b. Khuzayma: 'Abdullah b. Jahsh . . . b. Asad and his 
brother 'Ubaydullah with his wife Umm Habiba d, Abu Sufyan b. Harb ; . . . 
and Qays b. 'Abdullah . . . with his wife Baraka d, Yasar, a ireedwoman of 



NasS 



i. \sad: 



.. 'Ai!;i„, 



, ..ILy :>\ Iheirs. 



lyya b. ai-Harith. Foui 

ktam One man. 

lybit b. Sa' 



B. 'Abd b. Qi 

B. 'Abdu'1-Da 
Qays . . . with his wife tJmm Harmala d. 'Abdc 
and his two sons 'Amr and Khuzayma; Abu'1-Rum 
. . . Firas b. al-Nadr h. al-Harith Five persom 

B. Zuhra: . . . 'Aodu'1-Rabman b. 'Auf; . , . 'Amir 
Waqqas was Maiik h. I !mvli); . . . al-Muttalib b. A 
■ ' ' ' b. Dubayr 



Ramla d. Ahu 'A 

sinia. Theiralhes:of Hudhayl: '. 

'Utba. Of Bahrj': al-Miqdad b. 



.Ab(i\Vaqqas;(Ahu 
lar . . . with his wife 



I). Th.il; 



b. Zuhayr b. Luiiw b 
b. Malik b. al-Sharld b. Abu Ahwaz b. Abu Fa'ish b. Duraym b. 
Ahwad b, Bahra' b. 'Amr b. al-Hif b. Quda'a (193). (He used ti 
Miqdad b. al-Aswad b. 'Abdu Yaghuth b. Wahb b. 'Abdu Man5 
because he had adopted him before Islam and taken him into 
Six persons. 

B. Taym b. Murra: a!-H5rith b. Khilid . . . with his wife Ri 

B. Makhzum b. Yaqaza: . . . Abii Salama b. 'Abdu'1-Asad , . 
Abu Umayya b. al-Mughlra She b 



r, Zaynab, 



1 Abyssi 



... (Hisna 



b. Sufyin b. 'Abdu'1-Asad . . . and 
Abu Hudhayfa b. ai-Mughira; . . . Sa 



i,ib. Ilish;iiTi;...'Ay'yashb.Abu 
uf . . . of Khuza'a who was callcd 



The Life o/ Muhammad 



b. Qays b. 'Adiy b. 



b. Sahm; Hish 



b. Wa'il b. Sa'd 1 



Sahm (197); Qays b. Hudhafa; . . . Abii Qays b. al-Hlrith 

h. lludhata - . . d-Hjrith 1). al-H,inlh; . . . Ma'mar b. nl-IIarith; . . . 

Bishr b. al-Harith . . . and a brother of his from a Tamimite mother called 

SaTd b. 'Amr; SaTd b. al-Harith; . . . al-SiTb b. al-Harith; . . . 'Umayr b. 

Ri'ab b. Hudhayfa b. Muhashshim; . . . Mahmiya b. al-Jaza\ an ally of 

theirs from B. Zubayd. Fourteen men. 

B. 'Adiyy b. Ka'b : Ma'mar b. 'Abdullah ; . . . 'Urwa b. 'AbduT-' UzzS ; . . . 

'Adiy b. Nadla b. 'AbduT-'Uzza . . . and his son al-Nu'man ; ' Amir b.Rabi'a, 
4 an ally of the family of al-Khattab from 'Anz b. Wa'H with his wife Layla. 

Five. 

B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy: Abu Sabra b. Abu Ruhm . . . with his wife Umm 

Kulihiiui d. Subayl b. 'Amr; . . . 'Abdullah b. Makhrama b. 'AbduT- 

'Uzza; 'Abdullah b. Suhayl . . . Sallt b. 'Amr b. 'Abdu Shams . . . and his 

brother al-Sakran with his wife Sauda d. Zama'a b. Qays b. 'Abdu Shams ; 

. . . Malik h. Zama'a b. Qays . . . with his wiie 'Amra d. a[-Sa'di b. 

WaqdSn b. 'Abdu Shams ; . . . Hatih b. 'Amr b. 'Abdu Shams ; . . . Sa'd b. 

Khiula an «Ifr -ons(io8). 

B. al-Harith b. Fihr: Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrlh who was 'Amir b. 

'Abdullah b. al-JarrSh; . . . Suhayl b. Bayda' who was Suhayl b. W*ht> 

b. Rabi'a b. Hilal b. Uhayb h. Dabba . . . (but he was always known by his 
■J mother's name, she being Da'd d. Jahdam b. Umayya b. Zarib b. al- 

HSrith . . . and was always talli ij Snrh b. Rabl'a . . . 

'IySd b. Zuhayr b. Abu Shaddad b. Rabi'a b. Hilal b. Uhayb b. Dabba b. 

al-HSrith; but it is said that this is wrong and that Rabl'a was the son of 

Hilal b. Malik b. Dabba; . . . and 'Amr b. al-H5rith; . . . 'Uthman b. 

'Abdu Ghanm h. Zuhayr; . . . and Sa'd b. 'Abdu Qays b. Laqit . . . and 

his brother al-Harith. Eight persons. 

The total number of those who migrated to Abyssinia, apart from the 

little children whom they took with them or were horn to them there, was 

1 . . !■ . n 'f ■iiiinlrb Yl i . .1 1 '1 "-'i!- . 1 ut that is doubtful. 

The following Is an entract from the poetry which has heen written in 

Ahyssinia bv ' Abdullah b. al-IIarith b. Qays b. 'AdTy b. Sa'd h. Sahm. Thcy 

were safely ensconeed thety — ' ■ 

Kegus ; could serve God wi 



ne of God's persecuted servants. 



The Lije of Muhammai 

We have ibllowed the apostle of God, and they 
Have rejected the words of the prophet, and bc 
Visit thy punishment tm tlic piniph: uho tr^nsg 
And protect me lest they rise and lead me astra 



My hear 



s;Ite 



How could I nght a people who taught you 
The truth that you should not mingle with lalsehood i 
Jinn worshippers exiled them from their noble land 
So that they were exceeding sorrawfu! ; 
If there were faithfulness in 'Adiy b. Sa'd 
Springing from piety and kinship ties, 
I should have hoped that it would have been among.you, 
By the grace of Him who is not moved by brihes. 
I got in exchange for the bountiful refuge of poor widows 
A whelp, and that mothered by a bitch. 
Healsosaid: 

Are as 'Ad and Madyan and the people of al-Hijr who deniei 

Spacious land or ocean hold me! 

In a land whep r vant of God. 

I will explain what is in my heart 

When exhaustive search is made. 

Because of the second verse of this poem 'Abdullah was called al- 
the thunderer (or threatener). 

'Uthman b. Maz'un, reproaching Ums 
Hiidhafa b. Jumah,' who tm 
becausc of his beliel, made the folIowing 1 
among his people at that time. 
OTaym 
When th( 



1. Khalaf b. Wahh b. 




tjo The Life o/ Muhammad 

Did you drive mc out of Mecca's vale wherc 1 was safe 

You feafher arrows, whose feathering will not help you 
Ynu sliLirpE-ii arrows, whosc feathers are all for you; 
You right noble strong pcople 
And destroy those from whom you once sought help. 

Taym b. 'Amr, whom 'Urhman addresses, was Jumah. His 
Taym. 



When Quraysh saw that the prophet's companions were safely ensconced 
in Abyssinia and had found security there, they decided among themseryes 
t.i stiul lini deiermiiicd mcn of their number to the Ncgus toget them sent 
back, so that they could seduee them from their rehgion and get thcm out of 
the homc in y.hich thcy were living in peace. So they sent 'Abdullah b. 
Abu Rabi"a and 'Amr b. al-'As b. Wi'il. They got togethcr some presents 
for thcm to take to the Negus and his gencrals. When Abu Talib pcrceived 
their dcsign he composed the toilowmg verse for the Negus to move him 



Know that God h= 



Which rc: 






.rcased thy happine 
res to thee. 
x banks overflow wit 



Muhammad b. Muslim al-Zuhri from Abu Bakr b. 'Abdu'l-Rahm5n 
h. al-Harith b. Hisham al-MakhzumI from Tjmm Salama d. Abu Umayya 
':. uI-Mijghira wife of the apostle said, 'Whcn we rcached \byssinia the 

worsl ippod God, anu" suffcrcd no wrong in word or deed. When the 

8 Quraysh got to knaw of that, they decided to send two dctcrmined men to 

thc Negus and to give him presents of the choicest wares of Mecca. 

Leatherwork was especially prizcd thcre, so they eollected a great many 



:hey wi 



s. They 



gtv ii i ii i lo tlu- Wgi i' >i iIij_i , tl iiiiji: up :icf:irt I:l- 

spoke to them. Thcv cti; .-;ci] t.u: i iit-^.c iijjii-ul-il. tls tn the letter, and said 

retuge in iln: !iiu<Vs ctiuiiiry r L'ht.> !iiive torsaken our religion and not 
accepted yours, but have brought in an invented religion which neither 
we nor you know Liii.ll.iiiy. .ih.iLjl I Hu ntiblcs have scr.r us to the king to 
get him to return them, so when we speak to the king about them advise 
him to surrender them to us and not to speak to them, for their own peopie 
have the keenest insight and know most about their faults.' This the 
generals agreed to do. They took their gifts to the Negus and wheo he had 
accepted them, theysaid to iiirn . . Baid t& tb# gtsDerala 

about the refugees. Now r there was nothing which 'Abdullah and 'Amr 
disliked more than that the Negus should hear what the Muslims had to 
say. The generals about his presence said that the men had spoken truly, 
artd their own people best knew the trulh about the refugees, and they 
reeommended the king to give them up and return them to their own people. 
The Negus was i ... ot surrender them. i: 

chosen me rather than others shall be betrayed, until I summon them and 

ask them about what these two men allege, If they are as they say, I will 

give them up to them and send them back to their own people ; but i f what 

they say is false, I will protect them and see that they receive proper 

hile under my protection.' 

Then he summoned the apostle's companions, and when his messenger 

ctttitt lt::.y l^uiIk il-lI iLst-LLlKr, ^tiyii^ ujJc Iti anothcr, 'What will you say to 

the rnan when you come to him?' They said, 'We shall say what we know 

and what our prophet commanded us.come what may.' Whcn tticy camc 

. ];tng had summoned his bishops 

with their sacred books exposed around him. }Ie asked them what was 

his relieioii o iil nl [Ltarb 4hu Tahh answered, 'O King, we were 
i i itrpsc-, committing 

abominations, breaking natural jil lil ,ii . ' ■:. . 

to acknowledge God's unity and to worship him and to renounce the 
stones and images which we and our fathers formerly worjthiijpcd. IIc 

bloodshed. He forbade ua toi , i i ... 

devour the property of orphans, to vilify chaste wiira 



i S 3 The Life of Muhammad 

gavc us orders about prayer, almsgmng, and fasting (enumerating the 
commands of Islam). We confessed his truth and believed in him, and we 
followed him in what he had brought from God, and we worshipped God 
alone without rasoc We treated as forbidden what 

he forbade, and as lawful what he declared lawful. Thereupon our people 
attacked us, treated us harshly and seduced us from our faith to try to make 
o us.go back to the worship of idols instead of the worship of God, and to 






iustly and ci 



ttcd. Sow: 
cribed 01 






is and our religion, we came to your country, having chosen 
you above all others. Here we have been happy in your protection, and we 
hope that we Bhall not be treated unjustly while we are with you, King.' 
The Negus asked if they had with them anything which had come from 
God. When Ja'far said that he had, the Negus commanded him to read it 
to him, so he read him a passage from (Sura) KHY'S. 1 The Negus wcpt 
until his beard was wet and the bishops wept until their scrolls were wet, 
when they heard what he read to them. Then the Negus said, 'Of a truth, 






,t )csr 






er g!ve them up to them and they shall 

When the two had gone, 'Amr said, 'Tomorrow I will tell him something 
that will uproot them all.' Abdullah, who was the more godfearing of them 
in his attitude towards us, said, 'Do not do it, for they are our kindred 
though they have gone against us.' He said, 'By God, I will tell Mm that 
they assert that Jesus, son of Mary, is a creature.' 3 He went to him in the 
moming and told him thst they said a dreadtul thing about Jesus, son of 
Mary, and that he should send for them snd ask them about it. He did so. 
Nothing of the kind had happened to them before, and the people gathered 
together asking one anoiher what they should say about Jesus wben they 
were asked. They decided that they would say what God had said and what 
the prophet had brought, come what may. So when they went into the 
royal presence and the question was put to them, JaTar answered, 'We say 
about him that which our praphet brought, saying, he is the slave of God, 
and his apostle, and his spirit, and his word, which he cast inta Mary the 
blessed virgin.' The Negus took a stick from the ground and said, 'By 
ir God, Jesus, son of Mary, does not exceed what you have said by the length 
of this stick.' His generals round about him snorted when he said this, 
and he said, 'Though you snort, by God! Go, for you are safe in my 
country.' (Shuyum means at-aminHna.y Then he repeated three times the 
words, 'He who coises you will be nned. Not for a mountain of gold would 



Ial 



The Life of Muhatn 






-, foi 



io bribe from me when He g 
back my kingdom, that I should take a bribe for it, and God did not do 

Him.' So they left hia presence, crestlallen, taking away thi 
gifts, while we lived with him comfortably in the best security, 

While we were living thus, a rebel arose to snatch his kingdom from him, 
and I never knew us to be so sad as we were at that, in our ansiety lest this 
fellow would get the better of the Negus, and that a man would ariae who 
did not know our case as the Negus did. He went out against him, and the 
Nile !ay between the two parties. The apostle's companions called for a 
man who would go to the battle and bring back news, and al-Zubayr b. 
al-'Awwam volunteered. Now he was the youngest man we had. We 



_ ve the 
Negus yictory over his enemy and to establish him in his own country ; 

running, waving his clothes as he said, 'Hurrah, the Negus has oonquered 
and God has destroyed his enemies and established him in his land.* 
By God, I never knew us to be so happy before. The Negus came back, 
God haring destroyed his enemy and established him in his country, and 
ihe chiefsof the Abyssinians rai: welivedinhappiest 

conditions until we came to the apostle of God in Mecca. 



Al-Zuhr5 said: I told 'Urwa b. aI-Zubayr the tradition of AbO Bakr b. 
'Abdu'1-Rahman from Umm S a I :. and he said: 'Do 

you know what he meant when he said that God took no bribe from me when 
He gave me back my kingdom that I should take a bribe for it, and God did 
not do what men wanted against me so why should I do what they want 
against Him?' When I said that I did not know, he said that 'A'isha told 
him that the father of the Negus was the king, and the Negus was his only 
aon. The Negus had an uncle who had twelve sons who were of the 
Abyssinian royal house. The Abyssinians said among themselyes, 'It 
would be a good ' the father of the Negus and make 

his brother king, because he has no son but this youngster, while his 
brother has twelve sons, so they can inherit the kingdom aiter him so that 
the hrture of Abyssinia may be permanently secured.' So they attacked 



The Life o/ Muhammad 




yl/J Ikiw L'r;:;it liis intlin,-iK\- v.ith , 
lglit pain the crwn, and would the 


e king was, they 
i putthtiiiiill to 


.■/v,\rl=£H 


this young man 



I to kill him today ? 


Butlwillputhimo 


,t u l>urcoumrv.' So llicy took 






nd sold him to i m 




The latter threw him into a boat and w 


nt off with him, but on that very 




;[hv .ulimii 


storm clouds rnassi 








mass of cloud whe 


i be was struck by lightning and 


killL-J. 


The Abyssinians hastcncd in fc 


ar to his sons, and lo' hc was a 




roffcok;he 






the Abyssinians hec 


me very unsettled, 




of eve 




trj one another, 'Know, by God, that your king, the 








iiis morning, and if 




' 


country go after him 


nr,v, .' So lliey went out in search 


r,l hin 






old hiiri, until they overtook him 


andto 


ok the Negu 


from him. They 


hen brought him home, put the 


crow., 


on his head, 


made him sit upon 


the throne, and proclaimed him 



>r I shall te: 















Thcy snid, 'Well, th 

'O King, 1 bought ayriungslare Irom people in r;ie mnrliet tor six minureu 
dirliams. Tliey gave me my slace and they took my money, yct when 1 had 
gone off with my slave they overr-:„,l-: no£ m& Beized tuv sl:,.v llihI kcpt niv 
money.' The Negus said, 'You must eilhcr give him his money back or let 
,!,;• vi,;il!v ui.ni ;;i;: : . i, , , where he wishes.' 

Thcy rcplicd, 'No, hut we will give him his money.' For this reason he 
said thc wosds in q:iesiit;],. Tbis ,vas the rirst tliinc, th.it was reptirled 
about his hrmw i I ligi i i I his |Ustic L tn (udgement. 

Vazid b. Runiiiii lold me fn,m 'I 'rwa b. al-7Iubayr from Wisha that she 



Ja';,ir b. Muhammad told rr 
nr.d thcv rctilted against hirr 









n 


!.;/',■ of Mul 


mnrna, 




'55 




'ITl.-T 








■stihi 




3 God but 


All 


tand 


hat Mt, 




,s IIUsl.lt, 1 






' 


ics 


s, Sun uf M;l 


,, ,:, His 


sl,„'C. IHS ,1| 










ch He 




, Mii,-v.' 


Then he pu 






the nght 










Ahv.,si,H.,„. 












Hc s;i 




plc, ltavc 1 , 




bcst claim among you ?' 




tnml,. 








•.:;„,! 


of my hfe among you ?' 


iiV 


ellcnt. 


'Tlic, 


„h,11 IS 


inirt :'::,:!'!; l' 


You 


ave forsaken a 


r rc igton 



ssy that he is thc- Son ;,f Gutl.' Tlie Ncgus put his hand upon his brea: 
nvc, his gown, (signifying), 'He testiues that Jisus, ihc Sn,i o! Maty. „;: 

cuntcnl iiml ,,,. ni a„a, . \cv.s ;,f tlu.s reached the prophct, and when th 
Ncgusdicd I il n s might be forgivet 



\\ hcn Antr and 'Abdullah ca 
bring back the prophet's com 
from the Negus, and when '1 






itubborn man whose proteges none dare attack, the prophet's companions 
were so fortified hy him and Hamza that they got thc upper hand of 
Quraysh. 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud used to say, 'We could not pray at the 
Ka*ba until 'Umar became a Muslim, and then he fought the Quraysh 
until lic ciiiild pray there and we prayed with him.' 'l"„,ar beeame a 
Muslim after thc ;,: -,i;ii . :'s Lninpjiii ms had migrated to Abyssinia. 



MU'ar b. 


Kitlcm lium Sa'd b. Ibrahim ss 


id that 'Abdu 


ili !,. .\I.:s'u,l 


said: "Uma 


's (coniersion to) Islam was 






Medinawas 




li, , , 


Wccouldnot 


pray at the Ka'ba until he became a Mushm, 




d so lie fought 


the Quraysl 






'Abdu'l-F 


ahman h. al-Hitnth b. 'Abdulla 






from Ahdu' 


■Azlz b. 'Abdullah b. 'Amir b. Rabi'a from hn 




•Ab,i,i!li,h ,1 


Ahu Hathma who said: 'We we 






for Abyssin 


a, and 'Amir had gone out for 


iomcll,;,,., wc 


needcd, when 


•Umarcame 


ni 1 topp ilicsid. mt Iil bcin 


apolytheista 


thetime.and 



;n before. Then he wi 



that I h: 



: asked me if I had hopes of his 
' ■ ■ he answered, "The t 



a Muslim, I 



til al-Khat;ab's donkey does." This hc said in despair of him 
because of his harshness and scvcrity against Islam.' 

The Islam of 'Umar, so I have heard, «u on this wise. His sister was 
Katima J. al-Khattab, and was married to Sa'id b. Zayd b. 'Amr b. Nutjryl, 
both of whom had become Muslims and concealed the fact from 'Umar. 
Now Nu'aym b. 'Abdullah al-Nahham, a man of his tribe from E. 'Adiy 
b. Ka'b, had become a Muslim and he also concealed the fact out of feat 
of his people. Khabbah b- al-Aratt used often to come to Fatima to read 
the Quran to her. Oneday 'Umar came out, girt with his sword, making for 
the apostle, and a number of his companions, who he had been informed 
had gathered in a house at al-Saf5, in all about forty, induding women. 
With the apostle was his uncle Hamza, and AhQ Baltr, and 'All, from among 
the Muslims who stayed with the apostle and had not gone out with those 
who went to Abyssinia. Nu'aym met him and asked him where he was 
going, '1 am making for Muhammad, the apostate, who has split up the 
Cluraysh, made mockery of thi their faith and their 

6 gods, to kill him.' 'You deceive yourself, 'Umar,' he answered, 'do you 
auppose that B\ 7i you to continue walking upon the 

earth when you have killed Muhammad ? Had not you hetter go back to 
your own family and sct thcir aitairs in order?' 'What is the matter with my 
fami!y f he said. "Your brothei i Jid, and your sister 

F5tJma, have both become Muslims and mllnwed MiiliannrmJ m his 
reiigion, so you had better go and deal with them.' Thereupon 'Umar 
retumed to his sister and brother-in-law at the time whcn Khabbab 
was with them with the manuscript of Ta H5, which he was reading to 
tbem. When they hcard "Umar's yoice Khabbab hid in a small room, or in 
a part of the house, and Fatima took the page and put it under her thigh. 
Now 'Umar had heard the reading of Khabbab as he came near the house, 
so when he came in he said, 'What is this balderdash I heard?' 'You have 
not heard anything,' they answered, 'By God, I havc,' he said, 'and I havc 

seked his brother-m-law Sa'id, and his sister F5tima rose in defence of her 
husband, and he hit her and wounded her. When hc did that they said to 
him, 'Yes, we are Muslims, and we bel.ieve in God and His apostle, and 
you can do what you like.' When 'Umar saw the blood on his sister he 
was sorry for what he had done and turned back and said to his aister, 
'Give me this sheet which I heard you reading just now so that I may see 
just wha: lt is which Muhammad has brought,' for 'Umar could write. 
When he said that, his sister replied that she W3S afraid to trust him with it. 
'Do not be afraid,' he said, and he sworc by his gods that he would return 
it when he had read it. When he said that, she had hopes that he would 



The Life of Muhammad 157 

himself and shc i';: hirh was Ta" Ha, and when he had 

read the beginning he said, 'How iine and noble is this speech.' When 
heheardthat, Ki .'J. 'O 'Umar, by God, I hope that 

God has singled you out bv H 9 | I I I 1 1 t last mght I heard 

"O God, strengthen Islam by Abu'1-Hakam b. Hishto or " 






al-Khattab." C 
i, 'Lead mi " 



Muhammad so 



:l i m 



' Atth 






hen he sa 






: 



t back to the apostle in 






well;ifhehas, 
ill intcnt, \vt "III kiil him with his own sword.' The apostle gave the '■ 
and be was let in. The apostle rase arsd met him in the room, scized 
round the girdle or by the middle of his cloak, and draggcd him 1 
violcntly, saying, 'What has brought you, son of Khattab, for by God, 
not think you will cease (your persecution) untd God brings cab 
upon you.' 'Umar replied, 'O Apostle of God, I have come to yt 
be!ieve in God and His apostle and what he has brought from God.' 
apostle gave thanks to God so loudly that the whole household knew 

The companions dispersed, having become conndent when both 'Umar 
and Hamza had acceptcd Islam because they knew that they would protect 
the apostle, and that they would get justice from their enemies through 
them. This is the story of the narrators among the people of Medina about 
'Umar's Islam. 

WhidiJkih b. A'[iu Xaj"li, the Mcccan, from his companions 'Ata' and 
Mujahid, or other narrators, said that 'Umar's convetsion, according to 
what he used to say riimself, happened thus : 'I was far from Islam. I was a 
winebibber in the heathen period, used to love it and rejoice in it. We 
used to have a meeting-place in al-Hazwara at which Ouraysh used to 
gather' near the houses of the family of 'Umar b. 'Abd b. 'Imran al- is 
Makhzf:mT. I went out one night, making for my boon companions in 
that gathering, but when I got there, there was no one present, so T 
thought it would be a good thing if I went m so-and-so, the wineseller, who 
was selling wine in Mccca at tbe time, in The hope tbat I might get some- 
thing to drink from him, but I could not lind hirn either, so I thought it 
would be a good thing if I went round the Ka'ba seven or sevcnty time3. 
So I came to the mosque meaning to go round the Ka'ba and there was the 
apostle standing praying. As he prayed he faced Syria, putting the Ka'ba 






n to MuhjTiiiniid sli 



ioica 



iid. If 1 . 



ilkgently. Meanwhil. 
the prophet was slandma in pr.il.r rcLilini; !:>>■ <Jnv,in unlll I srrilld in hi 
qihla lacing him, there being nothing between us hut thc covering of thi 
ka'ha, Whcn I heard thc O.irai, mv hcnri iv::s s»ftr.,cd and I wcpt, an< 
Isiam entctcd into t..e ; but I ceased m.t to stand in my plnce i.ntil thi 
apostlc l.iul li.iislrcil liis piayet. T 



.-d iln: palli ul 



\hii l;lL.s: 



.'AbdtrAufal-Zl.hri; 
f Al-Akhnas b. Sharki until he entercd his own house. 
al-Dar a!-Raqta', which was i« the hands of Mu'awiya 






what he haJ brought from God. He gave thanks to God and said, "Gnd 
9 has guided yoit." Then he ruhbed my breast and prayed that I might be 
steadfast. Afterwards 1 lelt him. He went into his house.' ButGodknows 
what the truth was. 

Nafi' lreedman nf 'Abduilah b. 'Umar on thc authonly of Ibn 'Lmai 
said: When my father 'Umar became a Muslim hc said, 'Whieh of tl.c 
Quravsh is best at spnsidi.ia rq>,,rls ':' and was told that it was 3amil b. 
M,i r mar al-jumahi. S„ he ™,l to [,„„. :„iJ 1 tbllmicj .iiter to see what hc 
was doing, for although I was vcry ym.ug at the lirne 1 understiiiid evcry- 

\hiiiii!iiin.id's rcligion; and, by God, hardly 



had he spoken to 1 
'Umar iollowed hi 



m the gr 



'Umar hehind him shouted, 'He 
and I tcstify that there is no God r 
and apostle.' They got up to attack hirn and ttghtin 



isllisi 



r him, as he said, 'Do as you will, fr.r I :,»'ear by 
hundred .neii ive would" havc ibught it ,:.,: on 
a shaykh of the Quraysh, in a Yamani robe and 
le up and stopped and inquired what was the 
r. When hc was told that 'Umar had apostatized hc said, '« liv sh.ui d 



:, :, -l:,-i.,, 



l what are you tr) 



,: ])o 



Thc Ufe of Muhammad xy.) 

yra. tbink rh.u 15. 'Adiy mll surrciidci ■ tiieir cnmpanion to you thus? Let the 

Aftcr my father had migrated to Medina I asked him who thc „ia„ «as wlui 

drove awny the people on the day he bccame a Muslirn wliilr tliey were 

,, , I , , I ' i \ , Ial-Sahmi(20o) ' 

'Abiii/I-Kuliii.ai. b. al-I.Iaritr, fi„ni one of 'L rniiis clan or one of his 2. 

lamili said that 'Lnai said.'\\ hcn 1 bccamc a Muslim that night I thought 

I might come and tell him that I had became a Muslim, .11 \lifi Jahl 
eamc to my mind.' Now 'Umar's mother was Hantama d. Hisham b. al- 

that I had come to tell him that I Micied in Godao.l His apostle Muham- 

mad and regarded as true what he had brought. Hc sla.nin 

1111 fara in.l sairl, 'God damn you, and damn what you have brought.' 



When Quraysh perceiveJ that the apostIe's companions haj settled in a 
land in peace and safety, anj that the Negus had protected those who 
sought refuge with him, and that 'Umar had become a MusSim and that 
both he and Hamza were on the side of the apostle and his companions, 
and that Islam had begun to sptead among the tribes, they came together 
and decided among themselves to write a document in which they should 
put a boycott on B. Hashim and B. Muttalib that thcy shuuld not marry 
thrir woii.en nor give women to them to marry; and that they should 
neither buy from them nor scll b . ryreed on that they 

wrote it in a deed. Then they solemnly agreed on the points and hung the 
deed up in the middle of the Ka'ba to remind them of thrir obligations. 
The writer of thc deed was Mansur b. Tkrima b. 'Amir b. Hashim b. 
'Abdu Manaf b. 'Ahdu'1-Dar b. Qusayy (201) and the apostle invoked 
■ rs withered. 

When Ouraysh did that, the two clans of B. Hashim and B. al-Muttalib 
went to Abu Talib and entered with him into his alley and joined him. 
Abu Lahab 'Abdu'l-'Uzza went out from B. Hashim and helped Ouraysh. 2. 

Husayn b. 'Abdullah told me that Abu Lahab met Hind d. 'Utba when 

I helped al-Lat and al-'Uzza and haven't I abandoned those who have 
abandoned them and assisted their opponentsi' She said, 'Yes, and may 
God reward yDU well, Abii 'Utba.' And 1 was told that among the 
thutgs that he said were, 'Muhammad promises me things which 1 do not 
see. He alleges that they will happen after my death; what has he put in 
my hands after that?' Then he blew on his hands and said, 'May you 
perish. I can see nothing in you of the things which Muhammad says.' 



The LAje of il ! 
ceming him the words, 'Abii Lahab ar 






had d. 



Tell Lu'ayy, especially Lu'ayy of the Banu Ka'b, 

News of our condition. 

Did you not know that we have found Muhammad, 

A prophet like Moses described in the oidest books, 

And that Iove is bestowcd on him (alone) of mankind 

And that nonc is b. "d has singled out in loi 

And that the writing you have fi«sd 

Will be a calamity like the cry of the hamstrung camel }' 

Awake, awake hefore the grave is dug 

And the blameless and the guilty are as one. 

Follow not the slanderers, nor sever 

The bonds of lovc and kinship between us. 

Do not provoke a long-drawn-out war, 

Often he who brings on war tastes its bittemess. 

By the Lord of the temple we will not give up Ahmad, 

To harsh misfortunes and times' troubles, 

Before hands and necks, yours and ours, 

Are cut by the gleaming blades of Qusas" 

In a close-hcmmt J I . r I cn i -tt broken spears 



When the br 






it tires of us'; 



They remained thus for two or three years until they were eichauste 
nothing reaching them except what came from their iriends unknown 
Quraysh. 

Abu Jahl, so they say, mct I ■ncaylid b. Asad wi 

whom was a slave carrying flour intended for his aunt Khadija, the pi 
phet's wife, who was with him in the alley. He hung on to him and sa 
'Are you taking food to the B. Kashim? By God, before you and yoat fi) 
move from here I will denounce you in Mecca.' AbuM 
him and said, 'Whit is going on between you twor' When he said ti 
Hakim was taking food to the B. Hashim, he said : ' It is food he has whi 



Tke Life of Mtihammad 



blows, and Ahu'1-Bakhtari t ;J . : 
.ounded him, and trod on hin 



Hisuncleandthc.restot B. 

him frotn the attacks of the Quniv4i, « h<> 

not gct at him, motkeij and laughnl at i 






ircd round him and protected 
*hen they saw that they could a< 
aml disputcd with him. The 
c wickcdncss of Quraysh and 



>u Lahab and his hands, God blast, 



His wcalth and ga 



lekst, 



He shsll roast in flam.es, heid fast, 

With his wife, thc bearer of the wood, aghast, 

On hcr neck a rope of palm-fibre cast. (203) 1 

I was told that Umm Jamil, the bearer of the wood, when she hcard what 

had come down about her and about her husband in the Quran, came to 

the apostle of God, when he was sitting in the mosque by the Ka'ba with 

Abu Bakr, with a stone pestle in her hand, and when she stood by the 

pair of them God made her unable to see the apostle so that she saw only 



iu Bakr and asked hi 



e reject the reprobate, 
is words we repudiate, 
is religion we loathe and hi 






1,- 1 lv: 



Thc UJi of Muhmmad 
i Abu Bakr asked the apostle if he thought she had 
I that she had not because God had taken her sight 

jli surprisc-d at Lhc injurie.s nf thc Quravsb which Gori 
They curse me and satirize Mudhammam [reprobatc] 



Anotlicr reierred to in thc Qur 
Hudhafa b. Jumah. Whenever h 

retileil hiiu, so God strut dotvn con 
batkbiter, who has gathered wealt! 

fire. What wili makc you rcali^e vvh; 
erthe hearts. Jt is sluil 



i imreased it, :ti-i.l tlutiks Ihsr hls 
<: will be thrown to the devouriog 
atis? Iti 3 God'sr,rckindl,.dvvtuch 

ompanion, was a smith in Meeca 



Khabbah b. al-Ar.ul. the prophl t"< rumpanion, \ 

him some money and he came to him to demand payment. He answered, 
i i i ii ii r v impamon w hosc religion you follow, allege 

I,,, i 1 i irnnh said Khabbab. 'Then give me till the 

davof resurrectionuntii I retum tothat Ihiiisc n.n.i pay youi debt therc ; tur 
by God, you attd your companion will bc no more inrhiential with God 
than I, and have nn grcatei share iu it,' Ko God r,:vcalcj oiiirnnini; hirn, 



rit from him wl 



te speaks of and he will co 



(> :.:..'. 



Abu Jahl met the apostle, so I have 1 
A nharrmiad, \ou will eithcr stop cursing our gous or we wui tui«c mo 
God you serve.' So God revealcd concerntng that, 'Cursc not those to 
wh.im thev prav other than God lcst they eurse God wrongfully through 
lack of knowledge.' 1 I have bccn told that thc apostle refrainei I from ci.i rsi ng 
their gods, and began to eall thcm to Allah. 

Al-Nadr b. al-I.Iarith b. 'Alriama h. Kulada b. 'Abdu Manaf whenever 
the apostle sat in tn assenibh siid mited people to God, snd recited thc 
(Jiiriin, and warncd tiic (jur:ivsh of wliat. Iiad happened to former peoples, 

and Isramliyar and tbe kings of IVr,,i», saying, 'Hy God, Muhammad 



,has I hi, 






Tht Life o/ Muhammad 
rning and night. Say, He who knows the secrets of heave 



■•■■?, 



i. Verily, He is merciful, forgiving." 
And there carne .1 ,.,,,,, •_ ,, n 'When Our verses are read to 
him he says, fablcs of the auctents'. 1 
And again, 'Woc to cvery sinlul isr who hcnrs (i.„i's terses read before 

though in his ears was deafness. Tell him about a painml punishment' 
(206).» 

The apostle sat one day, so I i . 
in tlse rnosquc, and al-Nadr b. al-Harith came and sat with them in the 
assembly where some of Quraysh were. When the apostle spoke al-Nrtdr 
he apostie spoke to him until he silenced him, Then 



here 






, i .1 



wailing and there they will not hear' {207). 3 

Then the apostle rose and 'Abdullah b. al-Ziba 
sit down. Al-Walid said to him: 'By God al-Nadi 
the (grand)son of 'Abdu'1-Muttalih just now an 
that we and our gods are fuel for hell. 



Muhai 



'lf 1 



1. AskMuhammad 
worshipped besides God in Gchenna with those who worship it 
worship thc angcls; th. Jcws worsliip 'Uzayr; and the Christians 1 
Jesus Son of Mary.' Al-Walid and those with him in the assemb: 
velled at 'AbdullajYs words and thought that he had argued convii 
When the apostle was told of this hc said: 'Everyone ivlin ..isli: 
worshipped to the eitclusion of God witl 
They Mnrsliiponly sa 



So God revealed co 



lat 'Those who have 
d far fron 



and thcy ahide eternally in tbeir heart's dcsirc7 i.e. Jesus Son of Mary and 
'Uzayr and those rabbis and monks who have lived in obedience to God, 
whom the erring pcuolc norship ns i.ords beside God, And He revealed 
concerning their a rticir. ihat th 1 f 1. I md that thev are the 

daughters of God, 'And they say the Mercihil has chosen a son, (etsalted 
be He above this) ; nay, they are but honoured slaves, they do not speak 
before He speaks, and they carry out His commands', as far as the words, 
'and he of them who says, I am God as wcll as Hc, that one we shall repay 

And He revealed concerning what he mentioned about Jesus, Son of 
Mary, that he was worshipped heside God, and the astomshmtnt ni ai- 
Walld and those who wcrc present, st his argumcnt and disputation, 'And 



■n J,., 



The Life of Muhammad 






_unpl_ thy pe 



of Mary, and says, 'Ile was nothing but a 

slave to whom We showed favoui ,., I, «I,- I ani;.le n> ihcchildren 

of Israel. If We had wished We could have made from yo>: s,, K c!s m act 
;;s viee-r,'cents in the earth. Yerily, there is knowledge of the [last] hour, 
so doubt not about it but (bllow Me. Thia il ;;,; upright path,' i.e. the 
signs which I gave him in iai,<n_ l !, J , I ,, iic sick thercin s 
sjltku-rit proofof the knowkdge of thehour. He says: 'Doubt not about 
it, but follow Me. This is an upright path.' 

Al-Akhnas b. Sharlq b. 'Amr b. W r ahb al-Thaqafi, ally of B. Zuhra, was 
one of the kadcrs , : rm nstened to with respect, and he 

used to give the apostle much trouble ai 



down about hi 


n: 'Do not obey cvery feeble oath-taker, slanc 


erer, walking 




tales,' as far as the word 'sanim'. 1 




He did not 


ay zanim in the sense of 'ignoble' to insult 




because God d 


oes not insult anyone's ancestry, but he confirmed thereby 


the epithet giv 


en to him so that he might be known. Zan 




adopted memb 


r uf tbe tnbe, Al-Kliatlm nl-Tamiml said in 




An outsider whom men invite as a supernumerary 




Asth 


c legs are usekss addiiions to tlu: nidlh ol a 




Al-Walid said 


'Does God send down rcvclaii,,:ii _, .1; 


hammad and 


ignore me, the 


g.eat.c.1 chlcf of Quraysh, to say nothing of 


Abu M_s'_d 


'...,, i '1 ■■>,- 


il-'l „ ; 1 i . -,- 1 l , | . 1 , , _■ 1 


greatonesot 



if and Mec< 
'They said, if this Quran had been revealed t, 
as far as the words, 'than what they amass'. 
Ubayy b. Khakf b. Wahb b. H_dh_fa an 
very close friends. Now *Uqba had sat and li 
Ubayy knew of that he came tn liim aiul saii 
with Muhammad and listcned to him? I i 



ned to the apostle and wi 



Theli 









you. have beccine like __.;_._ Ti.en Cod will ser 

gave them life in the first instance' will revivify them. He who knows about 

kindle flame from it.' K 

There met the apostle, as he was going round the Ka'ba, so I have been 
told,* Al-Aswad b. al-Muttalib b. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uz__ and al-Walld b. 
__-Mtigh.nl and Umayya b, Khalaf and al-'Ss b. Wa'il al-Sahml, men of 
rcputation among their people. Thcy said: 'Muhammad, come let us 
' ■' wc worship. Ymi anii 



e in tbe m 



ling thein, 'Say, t 



■. Ifw. 






,-orship wha 






worship; you have your rehgion 
and t nave mine, ^ i.e. II you will only worship God on condition that I 
wnr,bi|i ;vli:it yoi: ■,;ii ■'lip, I have no need ofyouatall. You can have your 
il of it, and I have mme. 
(T. Now thc apostle was annious for the welfare of his people, wishing 
to attract them as far as he could. It has been mentioned that he longed for 
a way to attract them, and the method he adoptcd is what Ibn Hamid told 
mcthitSahmisndMl.il, .-.I b. Ziyad of Medina 

from M. b. Ka'b al-QurazI: When the apostk saw that his peopk turned 
their backs on him and he was pairied by their estrangement from what he 
brought them from God he longed thal Ihere should come to him from 
God a message that would reconcik his peopk to him. Eecause of his 
love for his people and his anxiety over them it would delight him if 
the obstack that madc his task so difiicult could be removed; so that 
he meditated on the project and longed for it and it was dear to him. Then 
God sent dowti 'By tlie star when il sets your comrade e 






:d His 






166 The Life oj Muhammad 

{sc. reconciliation) to his people, put upon his tongue 'these are the enalted 
GharSni^ 1 whose intercession is approyed.' 1 When Quraysh heard that, 
they were delighted and greatly pleased at the way in which he spoke of 
their gods and they listened to him; while the believers were halding that 
what their prophet brought them from their Lord was true, not suspecting 
a mistake or a vain desire or a slip, and whcn he reached tl e p -mn 
and the end oi the Sura in which he prostrated himseU the Muslims 
prosrrated _hemselves when their prophet prostrated confirming what he 

others who were m : ,■. li_n they heard the mention of 

their gods, so that everyone in the mosque believer and unbeliever pro- 
strated, CJtcept al-Walid b. al-Mug] man who could not 

do so, so he took a handful of dirt from the valley and bent over it. Then 
the people dispersed and Quraysh went out, delighted at what had been 
said about their gods, saying, 'Muhammad has spoken nf our gods in 
Bplendid fashion. He alleged in what he read that they are the exalted 
GharanTq whose intercessian is approved/ 

The news reached the prophet's companions who were in Abyssinia, it 
being. reported that Quraysh had accepted Islam, so some men started to 
return while others remained behind. Then Gabriel came to the apostle 
and said, 'What have you done, Muhammad? You have read to these 
people something I did not bring you from God and you have said what 
He did not say to you. The apostle was bitterly grieved and was gready 
in fear of God. So God sent down (a revelation), for He was mercihil to 
him, comlbrting him and making light of the affair and telling him that 
every prophet and apostle before him desired as he desired and wanted 
■|is desires a_ he had 
. his tongue. So God annulled what Satan had suggested and God 
' ist like the prophets and apostles. Then 
ent aown: vve nave not sent a prophet or apostle before you but 
le longed Satan c_sis.i::i ng. But God will annu! 

s, God being 

iisfe 
usedaboyeaboutthei 
the females? That v 



•ested. Then God »ili establish his vc 



rsthemalesandHis 






at Satan had put upon the propb 



The Life of Muhtmmad 167 

came from God, Quraysh saidl Muhamma i 1 1 t 1 1 1 

abnut the position oi your goiis with Allah, altcrcd it and brought some- 
thing dsc.' \ . w those two words which Satan had put upon the apostle's 
tongue werc in the mouth of evcry polytheist and they becamc more 
vio!ently hostile to the M.isiuns imi .:i. apostle's Ibllowers. Meaimhilc 
those of his companions who had left Abyssinia when they heard that the 
people of Mecca had accepted Islam when they prostrated thcms. Ivus u nii 
the apostle, heard when they approached Mecr- ••■" 



• 



who did co 



... Mb 



ut the promise of prot 






' 



» of _1-Ztqqun_ is the food of the sii 

dr bcllics iiSic 'loiling water,' 2 i.e. itisi 
oncerning it, 'And the tree which is t 



A -\\ Jid waa having a long conversation with the apostle who greatly 
desircd to convert hitn to Islam when I. Umm Maktum, a blind man, 
passed by and began to ask the apostle to recite the Quran. The prophet 

r , .,.- ____ __ » 1 i. .,__ 1.:™ k_,™.__ I._ ,.- .^ ,::,..,-!„:, liim 



. ■■ ■ ■ 


nd when the 


ran becamc importunate hc went off frowning and left h 




■. iM.Ua «M__em«g him, 'He frowned and turned his ba 








ul puntied',' i.c. I sent you only to be an cvang.lisi _,ij .1 r 




ol sin-ui. oni' piison t. llie esclusion nf anothcr, so with 








otwantit(_oo). 





Tru. ^pi-stk- 1 ;. c«unp:_nions who had gone to Abyssim 
Mi-cc^ns haJ ncceprc _. Isl.m :tn_i U_c> scr cnK for Uic luin 






i68 Tkt Lift o/ Muhammad 

those who returned to him stayed in Mecca until they migrated to Medina 
and were present at Badr and Uhud with the apostle; olhers wcre shut 
away from the prophet until Badr and other events were passed; and 
others died in Mecca. They were: 

From B. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu Manif b. Qusayy: 'Uthman b. 'Affan 
b. Abu'l-'As b. Umayya b. 'Abdu Shams and his wife, the apostle's 
daughter Ruqayv:i ! >n b. Rabl'a and his wife Sahla d. 

Suhayl b. 'Amr; and one of their allies 'Abdullah b. Jahsh b. Ri'Jb. 

From B. Naufal b. 'Abdu Man5f: 'Utba b. Ghazwin, an ally of theirs 
from Qays b. 'Aylan. 

From B. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzzi b. Qusayy: al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam 
Lid b. Asad. 

From B. 'Abdu'1-Dar b. Qusayy: Mus'ab b. 'Umayr b. Hashim b. 
'Abdu Manaf ; and Suwayhit b. Sa'd b. Harmala. 

From B. 'Abd b. Qusayy: Tuiayb b. 'Umayr b. Wahb. 

From B. Zuhra b. Kilib: 'Abdu'1-Rahmin b. 'Auf b. 'Abdu "Auf 
b. 'Abd b. al-Hirith b. Zuhra; and al-Miqdad b. 'Amr an ally, and 
■Abdullah b. Masud also an ally. 

From B. Makhzum b. Yaqaza: Abu Salama b. 'Abdu'1-Asad b. Hilil 

b. 'Abdullah b. 'Amr with his wife Umra Salama d. Abu Umayya b. 

i al-Mughlra; and Shammas b. 'Uthmin b. al-Sharid b. Suwayd b. 

Hajmiy b. 'Amir ; and Salama b. Hishim b. al-Mughira whom his uncle 

i in Mecc 






d and the Trench; 'Ayyash b. Abii Rabi'a b. al-Mughira. He 
prophet, and his two brothers on his mother's 
m back to Mecca and held him there until 
r names were Abu Jahl and a!-Harith, sons 
of Hisham. Of their allies 'Ammar b. Yasir, though it ia doubted whether 
he went to Abyssinia or not ; anc! Mu':i:tib l>. ' \uf i>. 'Aiiur b. KhuzS'a. 

From B. Jumah b. 'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b: 'Uthman b. Maz'un b. 
Habib b. Wahb b. Hudhafa and his son al-Si'ib b. 'Uthmin; and Qudima 
b. Mazun; and 'Abdullah b. Maz'iin. 

From B. Sahm b. 'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b: Khunays b. Hudhara b. 
Qays b. 'Adiy; and Hishim b. al-'Xs b. Wa'il who was imprisoned in 
Mecca after the apostle migrated to Medina until he turned up after the 
three battles above mentioned. 

Frem B. 'Adiy b. Ka'b: 'Amir b. Rabi'a: one of thcir allies, with his 
wife Layii d. Abu Hathma b. Hudh5fa b. Ghanim. 

From B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy: 'Abdullah b. Makhrama b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzzi 
b. Abu Qays; Abdullah b. Suhayl b. 'Amr. He was held back from the 
apostle of God when he emigrated to Medina until when the battle of 
Badr was joiucd lic cicscitecl thc polctbdsts and joined the battle on the 
side of the apostle. Abu Sabra b. AbO Buhm b. 'AJbdu'1-' Uzza with h:s 
wife Umm Kulthum d. Suhayl b. 'Amr; Sakran b. 'Amr b. 'Abdu Shams 



Sauda .1 



The Lift <,f 



:. He i 



apostle emigratet 
S:i'J h. Khaula, one or meir 
From B, 1-Harith b. Fihr: 
'Amir b. 'Abdullah; 'Amr 
Suhayl b. Bayda' who was th 
b. Abu rkrli b. Rabi'a b. Hil 

was thirty-three men. Tlie namcs giicn :■: us of i!i»sc who tnlcrt 
promise of protection are 'Uthmin b. Maz'ijn prutra ti 
ai-Mughira; Abu Salama under the protecrion of Abii Talib who 
uncle, Abu Salama's mother being Barra d. 'Abdu'l-Murr,ilih 



e married 


his wuiow Sauda. Lastly 


'Ubayda b 
of Wahb 


. Rabi'a b 


Abu Shaddad; 




metoMec 


ca from Abyssinia 



Salih b. 



,. 'Auf to 



saying: When 'Uthman b. M2z'un.s.u, 
in which the apostle's companions were living while he lived night and 
day under al-WalId's protection he satd, 'It is more than I can bear that 
I should be perfectly safe under the protection of a polytheist while my 
friends and co-religlonists are arHicted and distressed for God's sake.' 
So he went to al-Walld and renounced his protection. 'Why, nephew,' 
he asked, 'Can it be that one of my people ha 



thcre al-Walld sa 



,: I dc 



it publicly. When they got 



Eyerything but God is vain, 
Tmel interjected 'Uthman; but when he went on: 

And everything loveIy must inevitab!y cease, 
"Uthmin cried, 'You lie! The joy of Paradise will never ceasc' Lal 
Kjiici : '() mc» ul" Qu:aysh your friends nevcr used to be annoyed thi 
Sincc when has this sort of thing happened among you ?' One of the audicr 
answcrcd : 'This is one of those louts with Muhammad. They have ab! 
doned our religion, Take no notice of what he says.' 'Uthinan ubjcct 



icallyth 



him in thc c 



The Life of Muhammad 
ng what happened to 'Uthman and he sajd: 'O nephew 
avc suttercd this had ymi remained in aure protectionj 
: 'Nay by God my good eye needs what happened tt 



Mv iathcr Ish.iq I). Yaslr on liic nuthority of Salama b. 'AbduIIah b. 
'1'mar b. Al.ii Salama told me that he told himthat when Abu Salama had 
askcd Abrt '1'alib's protection some of thc B. MakhzOm went to him and 

I i II I i t | l l l rs on 1 could not 

protect my bruther's son.' Thereupon Abu Lahab rose alid said: 'O 

5 tion among his own p,,|\L. liy timL you must either stop this or we will 
stand in with him until hc gains his object.' They said that they would 
not do artything to annoy him, for hc had aidcd and abelted them against 
the apostle, an.i i uit. i tu k. , his support. 

Hearing him speak thus Abii Tulib hoped that he woukl support liim 
in protecting the aposrle, and composed the following lines urging Abij 
Lahab to help them both: 

Abu 'Utayba 



I say to him (an. 






! free frar 






OAb 


M„'t,i 


slat.d lii 


in upright. 


Ncvci 








Forw 








I.cacc 


the path of weak 




F.irv 








ruiht 




isfair; 












How 


rould y 


Hi when they have dooe 






ttehourofvic 


Godr 








And Makhzui 




desettion and 


In parting fro 


n us afte 




Soth 


t thcy i 


ight get 


jnlawful gains. 



myuJvicc.>; 



a dust-rLiising day in the shi'b (210). ' 



Muhammad b. Muslim b, Shihab aI-Zuhrf from 'Urwa from 'A'isha 

and his compan. iii from the Ouraysh, Abii Bakr 

asked the apostle's permission to emigrate, and he agreed. So Abu Bakr 
set forth and when he had gone a day or two's journey from Mecca he fell 
in with Ibn al-Dughunoa, the brother of the B. Harith b. 'Abdu Manat 
b. Kinana, who was at that time head of the Ahabish. (They w. ' 
al-Hjrith;an' ' "" 



of K 



b. Khuzayma b 



i-a.)(»i.} 



Replying to Ibn al-Dughunna's inquiries Abii Bakr told him that bis a 

'when you are an ornament of the tribe, astandby in rnisfortune, always 
kindly in supplying the wants of others? Come back wlth me under my 
protection.' Sa he went back with him and Ibn al-Dughunna publicly 
proclaimed that he had taken hLm under hts protection and none must 
treat hirn other than welL 



kr had a i 






the B. Jumah wl 

when hereadtheguran^hewasimwedtotears. Youths, slaws, and .vomcn 
used to stand by him astonished at his demeanour. Some men of Quraysh 
went to Ibn al-Dughunna sav:';. thtl fellow protection 

80 that he can injure ua? Lo, he prays and reads what Muhammad haa 
produced and his heart becomes soft and he weeps. And he has a striking 
appearance so that we fear he may seduce our youths and women and weak 
ones. Go to him and tell him to go to his own house and do what he likes 
there.' So Ibn al-Dughunna went to hlm and said: 'I did not glve you 
protection so that you might injure your people, They dislike the place 
you have chosen and suffer hurt therefrom, su go into your houst:; und du 
what you like there.' Abu Bakr a&ked him if he wanted him to renounce 

Ibn al-Dughunna got up and told the Quraysh that Abu Bakr was no 

longer under his protection arul il..u il ■, -\ a-.\\'ni Jn v i !t they liked with him. 

'Abdu T l-Rahman b. al-Qasim told me from hls father al-Qasim b. 

fellows of Quraysh met him artd threw tlusl on ki* n.ul A^-Wuiid b. 
al-Mughira, or it may have been al-*As b. Wa'll, passed him and he said, 



The Ufe of Muhammad 
iee what this lout has donc to mi ■' I Ic rcpliu 



The B. Hashim and the B. al-Muttalib were in the quarters which Quraysh 
had agreed upon in the document they wrote, whcn a numbir ol Quraysh 
took steps to annul the boycott against them. None took more ttouble in 
this tlian Hisham b. 'Amr . , . for the reason that he was the son of a 
brother to Nadla b. Hashim b. Abdu Manaf by his mother and was 
closely attached to the B. Hlshim. He was highly esteemed by his people. 



bring a camel i 




night a 


dthenwhe 


a he had got it to the 


mouth of the ll 


ofl : ib 




gave it a whack on the side, and 


sent it into the alley to the 


m, H 


would do the sam 


thing another time, 


bringing clothes for them. 










He went to Zuhayr b. A 


bd T"t 


ayya I 


al-Mughtra whose mother was 


'Atika d. 'Ahdu'1-Muttalib 






you conten 


toeatfoodandwear 


clotheu and marry women while y 


uknm 


ofthecond 


tionofyourmaternaI 




Drsell 








Bwear that if they ,-. cts U 


e uncles of A 


. 


b. Hisham and you 



asked him to do what he has asked you to do he would never agree to it.' 
Hc lid ( ,m ,:,nldo?rmonlyoneman. By 

=48 God if I had another man to back me I would soon annul it.' He said, 
T have found a man. Myself.' Tind another,' said he, So Hisham went 
to al-Mi:t'im h. 'Adiy and said, 'Are you content that two clans of the B. 
'AbduManafshoulJ, iwhi i i i i I, i >, r , ' 

You will find that they will soon do the same with you.' He made the same 
reply as Zuhayr and demanded a fourth man, so Hisham went to Abu'l- 
Bakhtarl b. Hisham who askcd for a fifth man, and then to Zama'a b. 
al-Aswad b. al-Muttalib b. Asad and reminded him of their kinship 
and duties. He asked whether others werc willing to co-operate in this 
task and he gave him the names of the others. They all arranged to meet at 
night on the nearest point of al-Hajun above Mecca, and there they bound 
themselves to take up the question of the documi-nt uniil ihry had secured 
its annulment. Zuhayr claimcd the right to act and speak first. So on thc 
morrow when the people mer together Zuhayr liliui ln ;, hmii rolu- iwm 
roundtheKa'baseventimes;thenhecameforwardandsaii] i , i 
Mecca, are we to eat and clothe ourselves while liie H. Hashlm pensh, 
unable to buy or sell? By God I will not sit dmiri until this cvil uoyeoiliiig 
document is torn upl' Abu Jahl, who was at the side of the mosque; 
ejtclaimed, 'You lie by Allah. It shall not he torn up.' Zama'a said, 'You 
are a greater liar ; we were not satisned with the document when it was 
written'. Abu'l-Bakhtari said, 'Zama'a is right. We arc not satisned with 



The Life of Mukammad 



: Hisham 



inrhesa 



ru Jahl sa 



: 'This i: 



inthedo 



mewhere 

else.' Now Abir Talib was sitting at the side of the mosque. When al- 
Mut'im went up to the document to tear it in pieces he found that worms 
hadalrcady eaten it exccpt the words Tn Thy name O Allah'. (T- This 1 
was the customary formala with which Quraysh bcgan thcir writing.) 
, „f „ dci i n i I li ii li i ill, i- 1 tliat his lniid 



Wrn/ii 



Id (212). 



Has not our Lord's d 


ling comc to the ea 


rsnf 




Far distant across the 


sea' (for Allah is very k 




Telling them that the 


deed was torn up 








st God's wish had 






















it assembled togct 






While its bird of ill 


ncn hovered within 




■d.' 






Idbe 


titting 


That because of it hands and necks shou 






And that the people c 


f Mecca should go 




and f 


Their hearts quaking 










e left b doubt wha 






Whether to go down 


o the lowland or u 






And an army come u 








Equipped with bows, 








He of Mecca's citizen 








(Let him know) that 


ur glory in Mecca 


vali 


isold 



We fccd our gucsts till thcy leave a dish untasted 

iYiicn liie limids of the maysir players would begk to trembl 

God reward the people in al-Hajun who swore allegiance* 



The Life of Muhammad 



Thcimi. 


st of Lu'ayy h. GhSlib 


s linc 


\\ heli th 


y are wronged their fac 


CS sh.1V.' tllci 


With lon 


cord to his sword hal 


his slnlisk !,: 


l-'.„ llii s 


ki. thc clouds givc rain 


iml H,-^ii:i 


PniKc s. 


1 of prinee of prim-cly hiispiiahty 


', 'l' , ' 


and urging food on h 
nd preparing satcty fi> 










F.vcrv 1,1: 














a night 




ersslcpt;inthemorm 




Thcyser 


back Sahl b. Baida' H 






Bakr and Muhammad 




When ha 


e othcrs joined in our 




Frnm of 


Id have we ahown each 




Never ha 






We got v. 




violencc. 


mec .>i'..J.i:.:.n, won'f you consider. 


Do you « 


ant „Iial uill betall yo 




For you and 1 are 3S the words « 




'You hav 


thc esplanation if you 


could only s 


Ioiii-ning :il-Mul'im li. 'Adly anil 


mentioning 


d annulled 


Hassan b, Thabit com 


posed the fo 


WeepO 


ye thc people's leader, 


be generoua 


If thcy ru 


n dry, thcn pour out b 


ood. 



lf L-I..iy cnukl immnrtalize anyon. 






The I.ife of Muhammad 17; 

You protected God's apostle from them and they became 

Thy slaves so long as men cry labbayka and don the pilgrim garb. 

If Ma'add and Qahtan and all the rcst 

Of Jurhum were asked about him 

They would say he faithfully performs bis duty to protea 

And if he makes a covcnant hc fulfils it. 

The bright sun above them does not shine 



M„rc 






As trustworthy a guarantee as that of 
Such as do not betray their proteges 
Of the line of al-Harith b. Hubayyib 
When the Banu Hisl grant protection 
They keep their word and their prote 



Inspite 



JPAYL B. 'AMH AL-DAUSl ACC 
>eople's behaviour thi: apostle v.:i.s 



i.iaih tnvir.« ll.cn. 
tate. When Gud 



and some of the Quraysh immediatcly came up to him. (Hc was a paet 

done them much harm; had divided their community antl hrukcri 1111 ils 
unity; 'in fael he talks like a snro 1 i rom his father, his 

brother, or his wife. We are afraid that he will have 1 



They w. 



.... insistcnt ihat 1 decided IV 






When I got to 


the mosoue there was the apostle of God sta 


ry the Ka'ba 


so I stood ncar him. God had decreed tha 






(J.lil 1,1; 1 


suijl! llere ani I, ari intelligent man, a poe 


leclh wll tl„ 






tn v. h;H this man is sacine; ,t :r is ).<>;,,: I 



176 Thc U/e oj .IUibijW 

entered his house with him. I told him what llis people had said and that 

3 they had so scared me that I had sturTed cotton in my ears lest I should 
hear what he was saying. But God had not allowed me to remain deal 
and I heard a beautilul saying. 'So esplain the matter to mc,' I said. Thc 
apostle explained Islam to me and recited the Quran to me. By God 1 
r,ever heard anything finer nor anything more just. So I became a Muslim 
and bore true witness. I said, 'O prophet of God, I am a man of authority 
among my people and when I go back and call them to Islam, pray to 
God to give me a sign which will help me when I preach to them.' He 

bring me down to the settlement a light like a lamp played between my 
eyes and I said, 'O God, not in my face! for I fear that they will think 
that a dire punishment has befallen my face because I have left thcir 
religiotl.' So the light moved and lighted on the top of my whip. The 
people began to iook at that light attached to my whip like a candle while 
I was coming down from the pass to them. 

When I got down my father came to me (he was a very o!d man) and 
I said, 'Be off with you, father, for I have nothing to do with you or you 
with me!' 'But why, my son?' said he. I said, 'I have become a Muslim 
and follow the religion of Muhammad.' He said, 'AU right, my son, then 
t go snd wash yourself and 
. )u what I have been taught.' 

Then my wife came to me and I said: 'Be off with you, for I have nothing 
to do with you or you with mc'. 'Why?' she said, 'my father and mother 
be your rai.srar,!' I said, 'Islam has d'ividcd lis ar.d I fo!lo\v tht ieligior 
of Muhammad.' She said, 'Then my religion is your religion,' I said, 
'Then go to the hirta ' (207) (temenos ?) of Dhu'l-Sharl ! and cleanse your- 
self from it.' Now Dhu'1-Shara was an image belonging to Daus and the 
himd was the tenM le sacred to him ; in it there was a 

will go surety for that.' So she went and washed and when she returned 

4 I explained Islam to her and she became a Muslim. 

Then 1 preached Islam to Daus but they held back, and I went to the 
apostle in Mecca and said, 'O prophet of God, frivi " 






h Daus, so invoke a 



ontinued in the Daus , 
■ated to Medina and. Bz 
,t to the apostle with m 



To stuff this fire in your heart I pine. 
He retumed to Medina to the apostle and remained with him until 
God took him. When the Arabs revolted he sided with the Musiims and 
loueht with them until they disposed of Tulayha and the whole of Najd. 
Then he went with the Muslims to the Yamama with his son 'Amr, and 
while on the wav Bs KW « ririon I i "«<* he told his companions ask.ng 
for an interpretation. T saw my head had been shaved and a bird was 

c ..-.,. 1. »n.l , „nr,,„, m,t w and took me mto herwomb, 

m withheld from me.' 

of it. The shaying of 
', iiead meant that he would lay it down; the bird whieh flew irom his 
outh was his spirit; and thc woman who received tum into her womb 
is the earth which would be opened for him and he would be hidden 

,,:.-'■ ' ' ■ ' ' 



Despite Ahii Jahl's hostility, hatred, and violence towards the apostle 
„1 him beforc him whencver he saw him. 
1 was told b^ lK!i >I II ' lullah b Abu Suiyiin al-Thaqaf, 

who had ■ good memory: A man from Irash (209) brought some camels of 
his to Mecca and Abii Jahl bought them from him. He kept back the 
monev so the man came to the assembly of Quraysh when the apostle 
w-as sitting at the side of the mosque and said: 'Who among you will 
heln me to E et what is due to me from Abu'1-Hakam b. Hisham? I am a 



;,> the :n 



The Life o/ Muhammad 
ndhewillnotpayhisdebt.' T 

.tinL-ciimi:, i 



iT-Hakam b. Hisham has 

ild help me to my right and they pointed tu you, si 
m him, God bless you.' He said, Go to him,' and th 
I went with him, When they saw this, the men said 
nber, Tollow him.' The aposlle went to his housc an< 
»r, and when he asked who was there he said, ' Muhainn 
.' He came out to him palc whh agitiition, an.l tlie ;i 



I, 'Pay 



and went indoors and came out again with the amount he owed and paid lt 
to the man. The apostle went away saying, 'Go about your business.' 
The Iriishite went back to the gathering and said, 'May God reward him, 
for he has got me my due.' 

Then the man they had sent after thern came back and reported what 
258 he had seen. ' 1 1 was eittraordinary, ' he said ; ' he had hardly knocked on the 
(ith agitation,' and he related what had 









u,' he said; 'By God 11 
ia raice I was ttlled with 
:amel stallion towering ab 



lvf..ic. liy God, if I 'd relused to pay up he 



him. Th.eyfou.ndr 



Mv hithcr 


Uli.l. 


b. Yasar told me saying: Rukin 


[hisllimb. 




1-Muttalibb. 'Abdu Manalwnstli, 


(Juraysh, ;uid 011 




alone: 'Ru 






ing?" 'If I 






'1 




1S kcdliim'ifhewo„l [ !r f .c«, K „i.e, 


,fm-lhrr» 




nd when he said Yes they began to 






grip of himhe threw him n, Ti,e nr 






ve resistance, 'Do it aptiui, Muh.,[ 




s is eitraordinary,' he said, 'can 5 




omething more wmidcrliil llun tl 



the pnsses of Me« 



.d-Kuhri about tl 



thcre are nf thcrti ]■■«. : .u, ':s :.u..l tm.ni.s .utd hecause they are not proud' 
up to the words 'So inscribe us with those who bear witness'. 3 

When the apostle used :,. sit in tlu- uiiisque with his more insignihcant 21 

compamon suir II \bi bukayha, Yasar, freedman of 

Rafwan b. rinjw.1 h. Mulnirrith, Sulmb, .unl tlmr like, Quraysh used 



l8o TheLi/eo/Mukammad 

guidance and trath ! If what Mubammad has broug! 
thesc fe!lows would not have been the first to get it, 
have put them before us.' God revealed concernii 
away thoae who call upon their Lord night and morr 
You are in no way responsible for them, and they are i 









isdl" m 



■n thi jpnsllc usedoftcn tr> 



in.) llc 



H.A l.l .!: 



is forgiving, mer 

According to i..j 

at the booth of a young Christian called Jabt 

bJingsi^brthe Christian.ra^onhc B. aT-HadramL' ThenGod recealed 
in reference to their words 'We wel! know that they say, "Only a mortal 
teaches him".' The tongue of him at whom they hint ,s fore,gn, and thts » 
a clear Arabic tongue (218). 3 



I have been told that whe 


the apostle was n 


cntioncd Al-'As b. 




al-Sahmi used to say, 'Let 




only a childless ma 




no oHspring. If he were to 


die.hismemoryw 


uld pcrish and you 




have rest from him.' God s 






&■•■■ 


you al-Kauthar," something which is better fcr 


youthantheworld 




that it holds. Kauthar meai 


rts'greaf. Labid b 


Rabi'a al-Kilibi sa 




We were distressed at 


he death of the ow 


ler of Malhub s 




And at al-Rida" is the 


house of another great man (kauthar) ( 


i.j). 



as asked what Kauthar was 



gb down to it with neeks like camels. 'Umar 
apostk of God the birds must be happy!" He ; 
them will be happier atill!" ' 



The apostle called his people to Islam and prcached to them, and Zama'a 
b. al-Asws.i, and al-Nadr b. al-Harith, and al-Aswad h. 'Abdu Yaghuth, 
and Ubayy b. Khalaf, and al-'As b. Wa"il said: 'O Muhammad, if an angel 
had been sent with thee to speak to men about thce and to be seen with 
thee!' Then God scnt down concerning thesc words of thurs. 'Thev say 
Why hath not an angel been sent down to him ? If We sent an angel down 
the matter would be settled; they would be given no more time. Had We 

should have obscured for them what they obscure.' 3 



re thee, but that which they mocked 



Ziyad b. 'Abdullah al-Bakka'5 from Muhammad b. Ishaq told me the 
following: Then the apostle was carried by night from the mosque at 
Mecca to the Masjid al-Aqsa, which is the temple of Aelia, when Islam 
had spread in Mecca among the Ouraysh and all the tribes. 

ili.' li.lk.wmt: accunt rcached me from 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud and Abu 
Sa'id al-Khudri, and 'A'isha the prophct's wife, and Mu'awiya b. Abu 
Sutyan, and al-Hasan b. Abii'1-Hasan al-Basri, and Ibn Shihab al-Zuhrt 
and QatSda and other traditionists, and Umm Hini' d. of Abii T5lil>. It 
is pieced tngether in the story that follows, each one conlributing sometbing 
of what he was told ahout what happened when he was taken on the night 
journey. The matter of the place* of the journey and what is said about it 

thase who believe. It was certainiy an act of God by which He took him 



l8 2 The Life of Muhamnu 

hv :iic;lit :ri v, hat way He plcasej 1 tn show hini 



:h IIc v 



. and power by 
whkh He does what F " 

.'uciirding to what 
Buraq, the animal whose every stride carried it 
■ i r i v.hii'h ll.i: }!]-'«p]:e ls bcinLC : im :-■-,: lii ridc uas brou.£,lil to the apostle 



1 'Abdullah b. Mas'uii us 



und Abrah 



:. Ilisi 






m (Gab 



J, Muscs 



toJerusa]em' S t 



cdjesc 



brought three vessels co 
apostle said: 'I heard a voice saying when these wcre olter 
he takes the water he will be drowned and his ptupl,: aho; it 
wine he will g i i I i ] it li r k tl 

ju.t hc rigbtly guided and his pcople also. So I look the vessi 

arid so will your pcoplc be, Muhammad.' 



:he limit of its sight and he mounted me on it. Then he went out with 

I ' . t t I li tli ir I 1 Y\l 1 

nme up to mount him hc shicd. Gabriel placed his hand on tts inanc mid 
d, Areyou not ashamed, O Buriq, to behave in this way? Ily God. nnnc 
rt honourablc hcliirc Gn.l than Muhammad has ever riddcn y,m k-forc. 



Moscs, and Jcst 



in praycr. Thcn 



:!:.- pinplit-ts. Thc apostle t 



ilk. Theap 

and 50 will your pcople hc. MuhaiiirnaJ Wiuc is forbiddcn ynu 

the apostlc rcturned to Mecca and in thc morning hc told Quray 

had happened. Most Df them said, "By God, this is a plain absu 

Tihmkthtlw /e t r I v, opt nthtqiiBrior.»l w 



lad do the return joumey in onc n:c,iiL:' M.iuc Miislin 
ith ; some went to Abu Bakr and said, "What do you thii 
iw, Abu Bakr ? He allcges that he went to Jci ■■ 

' ' to Mecca." He replie ' ' ' 









n the m 



ght and prayed 



telling the people about it. Abii Bakr said, "If hc _ 
And what is so surprising in that ? He tells me that co 
God from heaven to earth come to him in an hour of a day or night and I 
:d that is more entraordinary than that at which you boggle I" 



believe r 



Hass 



dtheyw, 



DC Jcr, 



as lifted up sn tha hcciuh! • 

lat Jerusalem was like. Whenever ne m 

s true. I testiiy that you are the aposth 



ipostle speaking as 



nj Bakr, are the Sid£q." This was the c 



ui : Wl made the vision which we showed thee on]y for a t 
the accursed tree in the Quran. We put them in fear, bul 
thcir hcinous crror.'' Such is al-Hasan's story ,vith additit 

iu H.i 1 --! 's "taiiiih mi.l nic tiiat 'A*isha the prophet's wife us 



spintbynigbt.' 








Ya'qub b. 'Utba 


b. al-Mughira 


b. al-Akhnas told me ! 


b, Aliu Sufvan whi 


;n he was asked 




's night journey said, 


'It was a troe visi 


on from God.' 


What thest two 


latter said does nor 


contradict what al- 




ing that God Hit 


nself said, 'We made 


the viaion which w. 


;'showed thee o 


nlyforatestton 




tradict what God 1 


aid in the story 


of Abraham whi 






I saw in a drea 


m that I must sa 




acted accordingly. 






rn God comes to the 


prophcts waking oi 








I have heard thal 






sleep while my heart 


is awake.' Only God knows how 




and he saw what he 








all true and actually 










Al-Zuhri allcged 




b. al-Musayyab 


that the apostlc de- 


scribcii to his cimpaiiioiLS Abraham, Moscs, and Jesus, as he saw them that 


night, saying: 'I h: 


tve never seen s 


niaii innic Iikc rnysclt thau Mirahaiit 



Ths Life of Muhammad 
a ruddy faced man, tall, thinly ikshed, curly haired w 



st likc hi 



is'Urw " 



b, Ma 



uld suppose that his 

) water on it. The 

.Thaqafi(>2l).' 

om Umm Hani' d. of Abu 

the apostle's night journey. 



ij The following report h; 

Talib, whose name was Hind, cc 

Shcsaid:'The apostle went on no mght jourr.; 

house. He slept that night in my house. He prayed the final night praycr, 

then he slept and we slept. A Iktle before dawn thc apostle woke us, and 

with you the last evening prayer in this valley as you saw. Then I went to 
Jerusalem and prayed there. Then I have just prayed the morning prayer 
with you as you sce." He got up to go out and I took hold of his robe and 
laid bare his belly as though it were a folded Egyptian garment. I said, 
"O prophet of God, don 't talk to the people about it for they will give you 
the lie and insult you." He said, "By God, I certainly will tell them." 

he says to the people, and what they say to him. He did tell them and they 
were amazed and asked what proof he had. He replied that he had passed 
' ich a valley and the anima! he 



as I w; 









in Dajanan 2 I passed by a 



r replacing the co 



-. Thc i 






l-Tan'iio J led bv 
her multihued". 
i he had 



a dusky camel loaded with two sa< 

The people hurricd to the pass and the first catnel they met was 
(tescrihe.l. They asked the men about the vessel and they told t 
thev had left it full of water and covered it andthat when they wokc ii .-,»„ 
COvered but empty. They asked the others too who were in W 
B&id ili.ii 1; wb8 Ejuil ■■ scared and a camel had bolted, 

8 and they had heard a man calling thero. to it so that they were able to 



The Uft of Muhammad 1 85 

business in Jerusalem a ladder was brought to me fincr than any I have 
ever seen. It was that to which the dying man looks when death approaches. 
My comparion mounted it with me until we came to one of the gates of 
heaven calkd the Gate of the Watchers. An angel called Isrhall was 111 
charge of it, and under his commartd were twelve ihous 



ve thousand angels under his cc 



apostle told m 



As he told 
ofGodbut 

brought me irt, Isma'.l askcd who I was, and when he 
Muhammad he asked if I had been given a miasion, 2 
:d of this he wished me well. 
,« fcad mi it fram one who had heard il from the 



ttered the lowest heave 



miled in 



lat joyful expres- 
ie reason he told 



le things but dii 
sion which the others had. And when I asked Gs 

me that if hc had ever smiled on anyone betorc or wouto. smue o.i aiiyu..e 
l.ci eaTtci he would have smiled on me ; but he does not smile because he a 
MSlik,. the Kceper of Hell. I said to Gabriel, he holding the position with 
regard to God which he has described to you "obeyed thcre, trustworthy", 5 
"W.ll you not order him to show mc hell?" And he said, "Certainty! 
O Malilt, show Muhammad Hell." Thereupon he removed its covering 
and the Aames b!azed high into the air until I thought that they would 
consume everything. So I asked Gabriel to order himto scnd them back 21 
to their plaee which he did. I can only compare the eUect of thcir w" k - 



.ey had come, Malik placed their cover 
In his tradition Abii Sa'id al-Khudrt • 
entered the lowest heav* 



re him. To one he would spe 
saying: "A good spirit from a good body" and of 
"Paughl" and frown, saying: "An cvil spirit froi 
answer to my cmestion Gabriel told me that this 
reviewing the spirita of his onspring ; the spirit of 
pleasure, and the spirit of »n infidel cxcited his disj 
words juit quoted. 

'Then I saw men with lips like camels; in then 
1 which they 1 



retreatcd whena 

the apostie said : 'Whet 
there with the spints o: 
t well and rejoice in hin 
of another he wouid saj 
rom an cvil body." Ir 
ur father Adan 

that he said th( 






1 was told th 






im.ulh 



10 fovs 



L-rlu-« = 



;li God ha 



'Then I saw womcn hanging by their breasts. Thcsc ucrc lliose \vh„ 
o had fathered bastards on their bushaiiilK.' 

Ja'far b. 'Amr told me from ai-Qasim b. Muhammad that the apostie 
said : 'Great is God*s anger against a woman wlin [innys ;i bantard into her 
family. He deprwes the truc sons of their portton and learns the secrets 
of the haritn,' 

To continue the tradition of Sa'Id al-Khudri: 'Then I was taken up 
to the sccond heaven and there were the two maternal eiiiisins Jl-sus, Siiii 
of Mary, and John, son of Zakariah. Then to the third heaven and there was 
a rnan whose face was as the moon at the ful!. This was my brother Joseph, 
son of Jacob. Then to the fourrh heaven and there was a man called 
jaloityplace." 1 Thentothc fif;!i hcaver 



Idrii 'Andv. 


hav 


eexaltedhim 


and there was 




n with white 






man than he 




mr5n. Thentot 






like the Sha 






relse 



throne at the gate of the ii 



her, and s 



i morc like myself. This was my father Abraham. Then. he 

o whom she belonged, for she pleased me mueh whcn I saw 
e told me "Zayd b. Haritha". The apostle gave Zayd the good 

'.ition fif 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud from the prophet rhere has 

ie folknving: When Gabriel took him up to each af the 

i heavens and aaked permission to enter he had to say whom he had brought 

and whether he had receivcd a i ould say 'God granl 

liim Ml.. hroih^r :ituI iriendl' until they reachcd the sevcnth heaven and 

his Lord. There thc duty of fifty prayers a day was laid upon him. 

Thc apostk said : 'On my rcturn I pausctl hy Moscs &nd whw a fine 
ft'icnd ut ytMirs he was! He asked me how many praycrs \r.n\ \-kxti \aU: 
upon me and when I told him fifty he said, "Praycr is a weighty mattei 
your Lord and a ' 






inity". Idi 



d he said the s 



„i Ili-t 



The Life of Muhc 
until only five prayers for the wliulc dav an 
pan-im ihcsamc ailucc. I rcplicd lha1 I 1 
askcd hini to reduce thc iiiuribci until 1 was 
again. He of you who pcrforms thcm in 






1 oSenders 



o Yazid b. 



people ii 



Zubayr ti 

tlicir ttibcsmen: of the B. Asad . . . was al-Aswad h. al-,\ 
Abu Zama'a. (I llucc h. ar.l lliat :':. aposlle hail cursed lu 

OftheB. Zuhra .".. clhs.iI-.Uu.il] h. ' \lnlu Ya K huth. Oft 
al-Mughlra . . . Of the B. Sahm h 



f„r his iiwilts 
e Ii. MakhzOm 



al-'As b. 1 

■i 



,. Ilish 



al-Harith b. 'Abti b. 't 



',. Khu* 



b. Lu'ay 



i ordered and turn av 



polytheists. 


We will surely p 


otect you against the mo 


ckers who 




lesideGod. In th 


e end they will know," 




The same 


YaiM told me fro 


m 'Urwa (or lt may have been from s 




nist) that Gabriel 








the temple. He s 




od at his s 


and as al-As 


<vad b. al-Muttahl 










al-Aswailh. A 






bclly which swelled so that he died of dropsy. 


Next al-\\ 


pLls.M".: !■!- 1 


c ]i„ir:tL-d ,i! :in n[d ^:.1T nn iiic hi.KIoiu „1 lu : - .icl.!.' Ilhc r 










he passed hy a man of Khuza 


a who was feathering an 





i8S The Life of Mukammad 

be not remiss in any of them. My blood lies on the Khuza'a: don't let it 
remain uncompensated. I know that they are innocent of it, but i fear that 
you may be ill spoken of because of it when I am dead. Thaqif owe me 
money in interest ; see that you gct it. Lastly my dowry money is with 
Abu l'zayhir al-DausI. Don't let him keep it.' Now Abu Uzayhir had 
marricd him to a daughter of his and then withheld her from him and did 
not let him have access to her up to the day of his death. 
Whenal-Walld dicd, the B. Makhzum leaped upon Khusi 

hiro.' Hc was one of the B. Ka'b! an ally of the B. 'Abdu'1-Muttaiib b. 
Hashim. Khuz5'a refused their demand and a competition in verse 
fol!owed and the situation became tense. The man whose arrow had 
killed al-Walid was one of the B, Ka'b b. 'Amr of Khuza'a, and 'Abdullah 
b. Abu Unmyyn b. al-Magblri b. 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. Makhzum com- 
pascd the following lines:' 

l'U wager that you'11 soon run away 

And leave al-Zahran with its yelping foxes. 

And that you'U lesve the water in the vale of Atriqa 

And that you'll ask which Ar5k trees are the best. 

We are folk who do not leave our blood unavenged 

And those we iight do not get to their feet again. 



Al-Zahr3n and al-Ar 



I. Ka'b of 
al-Khuza'I, 



When your stout oncs will he overthrown one aftcr 
Each in death helplcssly opening his mouth. 
When you eat your bread and your gruel, 
Then all of you will weep and wail for al-Walid. 



M.im ll inan und wuman whcn we made 
Spoke in surprisc of what we paid for al 
'l)ul yu.i not swear that you would not 

al-Walid 
Until you had sccn a day of great misfu: 



The Life of Muhammad 






■ where he wiil. 



Jaun did not stop there but went on to boast of the killing of 
saying that they had brought about his end, all of which was 
a result al-Walld, his son, and his tribe met what they had been 
gainst-Al-Jaunsaid: 

Did not al-Mughlra claim that in Mecca 

Ka'bwasagreatforce> 

Don't boast, Mughlra, because you scc us 



at pay for blood we shed. 



'Twas as though a camel fell. 

Twill 8ave > Vbu Hisham with 

Miserab!e ! little curly haired camels (ajj). 
Then Hisham b. al-Walid attacked Ahii Uzayhir while he was in the 
market of Dhu'l-Majaz. Now his daughter 'Atika was the wife of Abu 
Sufvaii 1). Ilarb. Abu Uzayhir was a chicf among his people and HishSm 
killed him ifor the dowry mom J ! which he had re- 

tained, in accordance with his father's dying injunction. This happened a; 
attir thc apustle's migration to Medina. Badr waa over and many of the 
fc:nl. T.i of hcathi n Quravsh had beenslain. Yaztd b. Abu Sufyan went out 
and collected thc B. 'Abdu Manaf while Abu Sufyan wasin Dhu'l-Majiz, 
andpeopIesaidAbuSufyln'shonourinthemattcrofhiL,tiih r-m-la i I 
been violated and he will take vengeance for him. When Abu Sufy5n heard 
nl ... lut lii , son Yazid had donc he came down to Mecca as fast as he could. 












oublc ai 



n R ijnri 



t straight to his son, who was armed among his 
the B. 'Abdu Manaf and the 'scented oneB*, took his spear out of his 
id hit him hard on the head with it, saying, 'God damtt you! Do 

Wc will pay them thc bloodmoney if they will accept it.' Thus he 
end to the matter. 



IftheshaykhsatBat 


b had been prcscnt 
woukl havc bcen rcd . 


ht onc another for tl 


.is satire Abu SufyBn 
S sake of a man fr<m 


KhSlid b. al-WsBd wl 


ren the people of T5'if 
tther's intercst which 


try from the JahilTya 
,0 belleve, fear God a: 


arosc out of Khalid's . 
ad give up what usury 



<;iuvlanan.i 


the women stot.d 






i reference to 


that that Dirar sai 


d: 




God reward 


Umm Ghaylan ao 


d hcr TOura 


V! 


1 ir.l.e.rc, 


illill^ Wltllllilt lluii 




ilisl 


They saved 








WhJn thc ;n 








StlC Clllc.l O 


:i ' laus .ii.l llic ■• iiidhaii!. ■ il i. ..1 


Th, Umiiiiis 


on either side car 


ried it on. 





nei^hbours who ill treated the apostlc in his house wei 
Jtam b. Abil'1-As . . ., 'Uqba b. Abu Muayt, 'Adiy b. h 
and Ibnu'1-Asda' al-Hudhali. Not one of them bec 
pt al-1 Iakam. I havc been told that one of them used to 
■i-us at him whiic he was pr.uiile:; ailtl onc it tllcm II 
his cooking-pot when it had been placed rcady for him. 
as forced to retire to a wall when he prayed. ' L"iuar b. '.- 
. b. Zubayr told me on the authority of hts tather that 
lis objectionable thing al hun the apostle totik it out on a 



oubles rollowed r ,- . .i:c lii.d heen a faithful sup- 

ii t to liiin ii, Islani, nnd !te uscd to tell hcr ..I lus trouHcs. tt ith ilte dealli 

id protection againsl lii.it niiie. Ai.u T.liih died stiine tliree icats hetnic 

; migrated to .Mcdlii i, iin.i ii v - 

t oflensive way which they would not have dared :., tolhiw in lns in:clc's 






iem. lt the, had liett. i l u I i I h i 1 . nme to some compromise lest they 

be robbed of their authority altogether. 

Al-'AbbSs b. ' Ali.liskih h. M.iTind I) ' Ahh.ls iYoni t>ne of his hutiiU ironi 
Ibn 'Abbas told me that 'Utba and Shayba, sons ot Rabi'a, and Uni Jithl .-, 
and Umayya b. Khalaf and Abu Sufyan with sundry othcr notabies weiil 
to Abu Talib and said : ' You know your rank with us and now that you ate 
at the point of death we are deeply concemed on your account. You know 
the trouble that etdsts between us and your nephew, so call him and let us 
make an agreement that he will k-.icc us 111-111 mi.l .vc will leave him alone ; 
' wc "' " e wls not waa - let him havc his religion and wc wiU haee ours.' When he came Abu Talib 

" "d d 1 "th 't d said, 'Nephew, thcse notahlcs h.iic ,-ihiic ti. v:,u liial they may give you 

I nght but myself (224) ? give m< , ^ KOrd by ^y^ ^ can mk ^ Arabs ' ar , d Sllbject th ' e P<!rsiam 

ti.s was on the road to T«'if. to you.' 'Yea,' said Abu Jahl, 'and tcn words.' He said ; 'You must say 

i.i.ioiu.uj f,.r his comemm in lampoons. There is no God but Allah and you must repudiate what you worship 



, Q2 The Life of Muhammad 

beside him.' They clapped their hands and said, 'Do yo.i WIBt to rrake 

;„ .Jcl.Muhammad? That would he >n 
thing.' Then they said one to another, 'Thrs fellow « not gomg to g.ve 
you anything you want, sd go and contmue with the re ig.on o your 
I ,lf dtpartLd 

AbQ TaSib «U S " " k ,h jV 0U J f d ' *" y eĕ« 

ex,rao,d.nary.' On hearing this the apostle had hopts th « : 1,- ■ ■ 1 ■■ 

lstam, aml hc said at once, 'You say it, uncle, and then I shall be ahle to 
intercede for you on Resurrection Day,' Seemg the apostle a cagerness ne 
rcplied 'Werc it not that I fear that you and your father's sons would be 
abusedWr my death and that Ouraysh would think that I , ' ,U "d 
,,!h, lwouldsayit. Ishou1donlysayitt g.veyoupl«isure. 
A, }■„-, ,lV, was near, al-'Abbas looked at him as he was ,« , .1 !■!■ 
a„d put his ear close «o him and said, 'Nephew, hy God, rny brother has 
spoken the word you gav= him to say.' The apostle rephed, I d,d not 

^God revealed concerning the people who came to h,m niti 
„ sals : 'Sad. By the renowned Quran, Nay, thosc who d,sbel,eve are m pr.de 
„ „ , , , , as tar as the words 'Docs he make the gods one God. 1 h,s ,s 

, , „ , ,,r, th,ng Their chiers went oSsaymg: G„ ,,: 
toyourgods. Thisisathmg,^ ■ d ' ' 

last relieion " (m, ™ lne V sa » " rlly , , '\- , 

thtd oi three,- " «***- n Tben Abu Tal.h d.cd. 



I„ conse^uence of the growing hostility of Ouraysh after AM T^. 

,:landtl,c,rdefenc 9 

pidthatthcywouldreceo/ethemcssagewhtch 

G Y^b^a^toid mV™m Muhammad b. Ka'b al-Qura?.: 'Whcn the 
aoostle arrived at al-Ta >if he made for a number of Thaq,t ■ 

thattimeleader nl ■ I •' ] ' V ,' ', ,' 

and Habib, sons of 'Amr b. 'Umayr b. 'Auf b 'Uqda b. Gh.yara b Au tb. 
Thaqif. One of them had a Ouraysh wifc of the B. Jumat,. The apostle 
sat with them and invited them to accept Isl.m and aaked tthem to help 



:CTTS7^ nim, The,other saith 
" Could not God have found someone better than you to send ? Thc th.rd 
said, "By God, dou't le. me ever speak to you. If you are an apostle from 
God as you say you are, you are I 

vou are lying against God it is not right that 1 should speak to you ! So 
^lliup and wen,; despairing of getting anygood ou, of Tha,,f. 



The Life of Muhammad 






shat they would be still further emboldened against him (225). 2 | 

ter him until a crowd came together, and compelled him to take 
an orchard heionging to 'Utba b. Rab.'a and his brother Shayba 
,. The louts who had fo[lowed him went back, 



st Merciful, Thou ar 






le Lord o( 






: B. Jumah and 




»pler" 




,told,"OGod,t 


,. Thee 




icn. 


od Thou art mj 


- I,ord, 


willmisuaeme: 


' 0, ,0 


me? IfThou 


:irt nnt 



onfide n 
enemy to whom Thou hast giv 

the light of Thy countenance by which the darkness is illumined, and 
e things of this world and the next are rightly ordered, lest Thy anger 
scend upon me or Thy wrath light upon me. It is for Thee to be satisSed 
itil Thou art wel! pleased. There is no power and no might save in 



lold him to take a hunch of grapes on a platter and give them to him to eat. 
'Addas did so, and when the apostle put his hand in the platter he said "In 
the name of God" before eating. 'Addas looked closely into his face and 
said, "By God, this is not the way the people of this country speak." The 
aposlle 1 ln ■„ asked "Jhcn fron, wliat country do you come, 0'Adda3?and 
what is your religion ?" He replied that he was a Christian and came from 2! 

the apostle. "But how did you know about him?" askcd 'Addas. "He is 
irophct and I am a prophet,' 



'A.Mas hent ,i,' 



'Then the apostle returned from Ta' 
anythmg out of Thaqif. When he reach. 



i.h feet. 



"He's 



a in the country who had : 
They replied, "You rasc 
foritisbetterthanhis." 
a'if when he despaired ol 
hed Nakhla' he rose to pr; 
God has m, 



passcd by. They were— so I am told— s 

thctr pcuj.lc I'i wam tliem liacinn hclicl. 

hadheard. God has mcntioni d il cmh th 

: ;n nf thej: 






Wln n tlv ajjoslle returned to Mecca his peoplc opposed him more bitterly 
than ever, apart from the few lower-class people who belicccd ln him. 
3 (T. Oric of theni said that when the apostle left al-Ta 'if making for Mecca 
a Meccan passetl and be asked him if Ik- would take a message for him; 
arul icben hc said that he unuld Ite told him to go to al-Akhnas b. Shariq 
and say, 'Muhammad Bays: Will you givc me protection so that I may 
convey the message of my Lord ?' When the man delivered liis message 
al-Akhnas replied that an ally cnulJ not givr proteclion against a membcr 
af thc home tribe. When he told the apostle of this he asked hitn if he 
would go back and ask Suhayl b. 'Amr for his prolection in the samc words. 
Suhay! sent wiird tlial ihc H. ' Ainir b. l.u'ayy tio niil giie piiiicct:.,ii against 
E. Ka'b. Hc thcn ic-kcd rtie nian if h, would go back and makc the same 
application to al-Mut'im b. 'Adiy. The latter sald, 'Yes, let him enter,' 
and the man came back and told the apostlc. In the morning aI-Mut'im 
having girt on his weapons, he and his sons and his nephews went into the 
mosque. When Abu Jahl saw him hc asked, 'Are you givi.it! prntcclion or 
Mlowing him?' 'Giving protection, of course,' he said. 'Wc gii. prolcc- 
tion to him whom you protect,' he said. So the prophet came Into Mecci 
and dwelt there. One day he went into tbe sncrcd mosipie whcr. the 
polythcists were atthc Ka'ba, andwhen Abu Jahl saw him hesaid, 'This is 
your prophet, O B. 'Abdu Manaf.' 'Utba b. Habi'a_replieii: ' Anil why 
should you take it amiss if vve have a prophet or a king ?' The prophet was 
toid of this, or he may have heard it, and he came to thcm ariil saicl, O 
Tttja, vou wcie uot angri on f I.uTs behalt' or his apostle's bchalf, but on 

upon you so tbat yon will laugh little and weep mueh ; and as for you, O 
Leaders of Quravsh, a grcal blow of fate ii ill laimc tipon you so that you 
' ' and that perforcc!') ] 






iself to tbe tri 



t>God 



a prophct v.tio bad heen 

protcct tiini nr.til God should makt 

he had chargcd his prophet, 

One of our friends whom I liulil aljoic suspi 



ask thcni to l)clievL in him aml 
ni iIk itiessagc with which 






Tkc UJe„fM 
Tbad al-Dili or 



ld (236) and IJusayu b. 'Abdullah h. 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abbas told m 
ln 1 1 1 itl 1 Ribla b '<ihbad that when he was a uninj 

with his father in Mina whcn ihe aptistlc ussd lu imp by the Arab enca 
ments and tell thcm that he ivas the apostle of God witn i.rtl, icd ihei 
worship Ilim and not associate anything with Him, and to rcnounc< 
;.: thej «rocsl ipped, nnd beliere in llts spostlt and pn 
him until God made plain His purpose in scnding him, thcre followed 



s appcal 



used to 



, "This 1 



of B. Malik b. Uriaysh for the miskading Innovation 
i't obey him and take no notice of him." I asked my 
,vaswhofollowedhi] 



e 'AbduT-'Uzzj 



.'1-Muttalib 



asAbuLahab(: 

Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri told me that he went to the tents of Kinda wh 
there was a shaykh called Mulayh. He invited them to come to God ; 
offered himself to them, hut they declined. 

Muhammad b, 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. 'Abdullah b. Liusayn told me that 
went to the tents ol" Kalb u, :'. cl::n called li. 'Abdullah «iih thc sa 
;e, adding, 'O Banu 'Abdullah, God has given your ialht r a nr, 



One of our compaiiiims trom 'Ab 
Irie apostle went to thc B. Hanifa w 



..i.L. h K:,'h 



U'!ik ;., 



Al-Zuhri told r 
Ouraysh I could < 



at he went to the B. 'Amir b. Sa'sa'a and one of them 

s (238) said: 'liy God, if I enuli! takc this man from 
p thc Arabs willi lilin.' Thcn he said, Tf we actually 



„1 the fai 



nt h.ick m 



d shaykh of tl 

toeiichiu. al 



e asked for the ne 

man from Quraysh— one of the B. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib to be precise— pre- 
tended that he was a prophet arid invited them to protcct him, to stand in 
with him, and to take him back to their cnuntry. The old man put his 
hands upon his hcad and said, 'O Banu 'Amir, could it have been avoided? 
Can the past ever be regained ? No Isma'Ili has ever clalmcd prophethood 
falsely. Itwasthetruth. Where was your common scnse ?' 

Whenever men came together at the falrs or the apostle heard of anyone 



Thr l.ije :,{ Muhammad 
ance coming to Mecca he went to them with his message. 'Asim 
b. Qatada al-Ansari— more precisely al-ZafarI— on the authority 
if his shaykhs told mc that they sal.i that SuwayJ h. al-S.imit, 
f rhe B. 'Amr b. 'Auf. came to Mecca on pilgrimage. Suwayd's 
' his toughness, his poetry, 






:. Hei 



There's mat 
If you knew 
While he'.s i 
Behind yout 

Wlmt you sl 



c.:llfiici 



word ai 






■ . : • ■ i II' .. 

His eyes will show you what he 's concealing, 

■ . n his evil look. 
Strengthen me with good dceds: long have you weakened me.' 

: ; : ■ 

He once had a dispute with a man of the B. Sulaym— one of the B. Zi'b b. 
MSlik— over a hundred camels, and they appointed an Arab woman diviner 
arbitrator and shc gavi judgemeat in hia favour, and he and the Sulamt 
went away alonc. Whun ihey rcachcd thc parting <if thc ways Suwnyd 
asked for his propcrry. The man promiscd to send it, but Suy.liyJ ^ Lintcti 
to know who would guarantec that the animals would be handed over. As 
he could otler none but himself, Suwayd refused to leave him until he got 
his due. So they came to blows and Suwayd knocked him down, bound 

m Lbst-K aml took iiim ayiaL to 1hc L-LLitntLy 'lI'l:-. il. 'Amr; and there he 



h?.d to 






to that, Suwayd composed these lines : 

Don't think, Ibn Zi'b son of Miilit, that I 
Am like the man you dcceitfullv sl™ n sl 
Whcn I had been thrown 1 m,mfullv lu-cai 



in referer 



■And 



When he heard about him thc nposrlc M.utih 
Islam. He said, 'Peihaps you've got somethi 
riat is that?' asked the apostle. 'The rol 
of Luqman, he answered. 'Hand it to 
handcd it over and he said, 'This discourse is 
better still, a Quran which God has revealed 
d a light.' And the apostle recited the Quran 



Islam ; hc did not withdtaw from it hut said, 'This is a fine 
he went c.ff and rejoined his people in Medina and almi 
K.!i:./.iaj kiih-d Im.i Soiik ut hi.s tamily u.setl to say, 'In our 
a Muslini when Ik: »a IliIl d !il i. ii ii ilk I i 



AI-Husayn b. 'Abdu'1-Rahmari b. 'Aint b. Sa',1 h. \lii':].lh m, tlic sinhnrity 
of Mahmud b. Labid told me that when Abu'1-Haysar Anas b. Rafi* came 
to Mcciii with ineniliers tif the II. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal including ly.Is b. Muiidh 
see&ng :lli alliance swth CJuraysh againsl tl 

apustlt; Iic.ulI aiiuui liiL-in. Ilc Li.iiic auj s.it v.i:h i! uin and asked them if 
tk.L-Y yyouIi! Sikc to get something more prolitable than ihcir present errand. 
When thcy asked him what that could be he told them that he was God's 
apostle sent to humamty to call on thcm to serve God and not associate 
any other with Him ; that He had revealed a book to him ; thcn he told them 
about Islam and read to them some of the QurSn. IySs, who was a young 
man, said, 'By God, people, this is something better than you came forF 
Thereupon Abu'1-Haysar took a handful of dirt from the yalley and threw 
it iit hia face, saying, 'Shut up! We didn't corae here for this.' So Iyas 
became silent. The apostle left them and they went to Medina and the il 



Whhin 









little while Iyss died. Mahmud said: 'Thnse of his people 
resent at his death. told me that they heard him continually 
I glorifying God until he died. They had no doubt that he 
im, he having bccomc acquainted with Islam at that gathering 



When God wished to display His religi 

the Heipera at one of the fairs ; and i 

whom God intended to beiiefit. 
'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada told n 



n openly and to gIorify His prophet 
ne came whcn hc met a numbcr of 
iile he was offering himseb. to the 
Ll-'Aqaba a number of the Khazraj 

at when the apostle met them he 
he Kharraj and allies of the Jews. 



the Quran to them. Now God 
lived side by side with the Jews who were people of the scriptures and 
knowledge, while they themselves were polytheists and idolaters. They 
had often raided them in their district and whenever bad feeling arose the 






r: 'This i 



17 the veiy prophet of whom the Jews warned us. Don't 1« 

before usl' Thereupon they accepted his teaching and became Muslimi, 
saying, 'We have !eft our peopie, for no tribe isso divided by hatred and 
rancour as they. Perhaps God will unite Inem through yau. So let us go 
to them and invite them to this religion of yours; and if God unites them 
in it, then no man will be mightier than you.' Thus saying they returned 
to Medina as believera. 

There were siit of these men from the Khamj so I have been told. From 
B. al-Najjar, i.e. Taym Allah of thc clan of B. Milik . . . : Aa'ad b. Zurira 
b. 'Udas b. 'Ubayd b. Tha'laba b. Ghanm b. Milik b. al-Najjar known as 
AbO Umimi ; and 'Auf b. al-rjarith b. Rifa'a b. Sawid b. Milik . . . knOwn 
as Ibn 'Afra' (229). 

From B. Zurayq b. 'Amir b. Zurayq b. 'Abdu Hiritha b. Ghadb b. 
Jusham . . . : RarT 'A mr h. 'Amir h. Zurayq (230). 

From B. Salima b. Sa'd b. 'All b, Asad b. Sl 
of the clan of B, Sawad b. Ghanm b. Ka'b b. Salima: Qutba b. 'Amir b. 
Hadida b. 'Amr b. Ghanm b. Sawid (231). 

From B. Haram b. Ka'b b, Ghanm b. Ka'b b. Salama- *Uqba b. 'Amir 
b. Nibi b. Zayd b. Haram. 

From B. 'Ubayd b. 'Adly b. Ghanm b. Ka'b b. Salama: Jabir b. 'Abdul- 
kh b. Ri'ih b. aJ-Nu'mto b. Sinin b. 'Ubayd. 

When they came to Medina they told their people about the apostle and 
S invited them to accept Islam until it became so well known among them 
that there was no home beionging to the Helpers but Islam and tbe apostle 



In the following year twelve Helpers attended the fair and met at al-'Aqaba 
— thia was the Rrst 'Aqaba— where they gave the apostle the 'pledge of 
women'.' This was bcfore the duty of making war was laid upon them. 

These men were: From B. at-Najjir: As'»d b. Zurira; 'A,d 
and Mu'Sdh hia brother, both sons of 'Afra'. From B. Zura,yq b. 'Amir: 
Rir? b. Milik and Dhakwin b. 'Abdu Qays b. Khalada b. Mukhlid b. 
'Amir b. Zurayq (232). 

From B. 'Auf of the dan of B. Ghanm b. 'Auf b. 'Amr b. 'Auf who wcre 
the Qawiqil: 'Ubada b. al-Simit b. Qays b. Asram b. Fihr b. Tha'laba b. 
Ghanm ; and Abu 'Abdu'I-Rahmin who was Yaitd b. Tha'laba b. Khazma 
b. Asram b. 'Amr b. 'Ammira of B. Ghusayna of Bally, an ally of theirs 



The Life of Muhammad 109 

From B. Salim b. 'Auf b. 'Amr b. al-Khairaj of the clan of B. al-'AjHn 

b. Zayd b. Ghanm b. Saiim: al-'Abbas b. 'Ubada b. Nadaia b. Malik b. 

From B. Salima: 'Uqba b. 'Amir. 

From B. Sawad : Qutba b. 'Amir b, Hadida. The Aus were represented al 
by Abu'1-Haytham b. al-Tayyihan whose name was Malik of the clan of 
B. 'Abdu '1-Ashr [ III 1 1 1- al Khazrai b AmrbMalikb. 

al-Au S ( 2 3 4 ). 

From B. 'Amr b. 'Auf b. Malik b. al-Aus: 'Uwaym b. Si'ida. 

Yazid b. Abii IlabTh from Abii Marthnd b. 'Abdullah al-Yaaani from 
'Abdu'1-Rahm.in b. 'I -j. 1 .l-\«mli:l lr. m Tbad.i h. jl-Simit told me: 
'I was present at the first 'Aqaba. Thurc 11 erc r,velve of us and we pledged 
ourselves to the prophct after the manner of womcn and that was before 
war wiis cnjoincJ, thc undertaking being that we should associate nothing 
with God; weshould notsteal; we should not commit fornkation; niir kill 

obey him in what was right; if we fulfilled this paradise would be ours; if 

He pleased.' 

Al-Zuhrifrom 'A idliulkd, '., '.-\I,d .llah al-Khaulani Abu Idris said that 
'Ubada b. al-Samit told him that 'Wu gave allcgiance to the apostle that 

not kili our otTspring, not slanderour neighbour, not disobey him 111 what 
was right; if >vc iuliilled this p.lradisc wriiild be ours; and if ive committed 
any of those >eiii- w .• h, ,11! | ,u,- i 111 this mrld and this w ihl jcitc 

itwouldbefor God to d cidi • Iil her 

Hishim b. 'Abdu Manaf . . . and instnjc 
and to teach them Islam and !., i;ive tk 
M, lin \li- 1 , . I' I II, \: ulei 
'Asim b. 'Umar told me that he usei 
and Khazraj could not bear to see one 



Ml 



with thcm Mns'ab b. 'Umayr b. 
•d liiiri to read ihe C^uran to them 2 
m inBtruction nbout religion. In 
he hdgcd v,uh As'ad b. Zuri3ra. 






keihele, 



Umama b. Sahl b. Hunayf from his tather Imra 
Abdu'1-Rahman b. Ka'b b. Malik told me that the lallei saii! :'l v.as k-ading 
my father Ka'b when he had lost liis siitli:. lud «I:, -i I hiought him out to 
the mosque and he heard the call to praycr he calied down blessings on 
Abu . [UaiiKi As'ad b. Zurara. This went on fnr somc time. ivhenc\er he 
kssed liin, uni nsked (ni,rs pardonforhim. Ithought 



at ibis 1 



-. 1L l.ild 






. why he 



I 



The Life of Muhammad 
:ound of al-Nablt 1 in the quai 



tOgether ill tlm l,.-.\ i^roLiii; ,.|' al-Vil,Tl. i, ,|i, ,|i!arter of the B. 
'■ :i'ti*J-Khadimat. 1 askcd hmi hov. n:a;:v ,,: :: , '-.:.■ 

'Ubaydallah b. al-Mughira b. Mu'ayqib and 'Abdullah b. Abu I 
Muhammad b. 'Amr b. Hazm mld mc ilinl '.■ lilI b. Zurara went 01 
Mus'ab h. 'Umayr to tne areas of B. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal and of B. 
Sa'd b. al-Numan b. Imru'u'l-Qays b. Zayd b. 'Abdul-Ashhal u 
son of As'ad's aunt. He entcred with him one of the gardens of B. 
, (=35)bya 



Ashhal, andbothMh .cil tlic hcath ni 

can do nothing to him.' I 
is coming to you, so be tn 



,. llh.Lrd:, „,:-.. H. Whdn'1- 



s'ab, 'This is thc chicf of his tribe who 
with him.' Mus'ab said, 'If he will sit 
over thcm looking furious and asking 



' Ih-.i 



at ihal 



. After- 



■,..a:,ls :\v.-\ said — acCOrdiug tO what has 
[■L.tnic |-,L spokc wt recognised Islam in his facc bv its ptaci ful glnw/ Ih: 
said, 'What a wondcrful and bcautiful discourse this isl What does one do 
if he wants to eiucr il, n:Iisin,i T , ,'lI i, iai hc must wash and 
purify himself and his garments, then bear witness to the truth and pray. 
He immediatcly did so and madc two prostrations. Then he said, 'There 

follow suit. I will send him to you at once. It is Sa d I) Mu i, I ,1 ,, 

his lance he went off to Sa'd smd sirting in conclave. 

2 When Sa'd saw him coming he said, 'By Go.d, Usayd is coming with a 

"' at he had when he left you.' " "" ' 



came up he 

men and I nnd no 1 



whiil IilkI liLippcii.: 



lid, 'lh; 



: spokcn to the tv> 



id they said 
that "the B. Haritha had 
le out against As'ad to kill him because they knew that he was the son of 
jr aunt so as to make you appear a treacherous protector of your guests.' 



ritha. Mc took the lance from his hand, saying, 'By God, I see that you 
i e been utterly ineft'ective.' He went out to them and when he saw them 
ting comfortably he knew that Usayd had int. 

them. He stood oveT thcm, looking furious. To As'ad he said, ' Wcre 
iot for the relationship betwccn us you would not h»ve treated me thus. 
)uld you hehaie in our houscs in a way we detest >' (Now As'ad had 
,1 lo Mua'ab, • "I'iic lcaihr whom his people follow has come to you. If 

n what hc had said to Usayd, and Sa'd stuck his lance in the ground and 
down. Thc san. ■ and he vvent to his pcop]c's 

eting-place accompanied by Usayd. When they saw hirn 
d, 'Wc swear by God Sa'd has returned with a diHerent ejcpression/ 
id whcn he stoppcd by theiri he askcd them how thcy knew whn h.i.l 
ppencd to him. They replied, '(You are) our chief, the most active in 
i intcrcsts, ihc bcst in judgcment and the most rortunate in leadership,' 
: said, ' I will not speak to a man or woman among you until you believe 
God and His apostle.' Aa a result every man and woman among thc 20 
'Abdu'1-Ashhal joined Islam. 

4s'ad and Mus'ab returned to As'ad's housc and staycd there calling 
m to lslam unt,l every housc of the Ansar had men and women who werc 
J.andKhatmaandWriland 
iqif ; the latter wc-re Aus Allah andof Aus b. rlaritha. The reason was 
t Abu Qays b. al-Aslat whose name was Sayil was among them. He 
5 their poet and leader and they obeyed him and he kept them back from 
im. Indced he continucd to do so until the apostle migratetl m McJina, 
1 Badr, and Uhud, and al-f>handaq were over, He said conceming 
at he thought of Islam and how men differed about his state : 

Lord of mankind, serious things have happened. 

The dithcult and the simple are involved. 

Lord of mankind, if we have erred 

Guide us to the good path. 

Were it not for our Lord we «hould be Jews 

And the religion of Jews is nat convenient. 

Were it not for our Lord we jhould be Christians 

Along with the monks on Mount Jalil. 1 

But when we were created wc were created 

Hanlfs; our religion is from all generations. 

We bring the sacrincial camels walking in fetters 

Covered with cloths but their shoulders bare (230). 



:tumed to Mecca and the Muslim Ansir ca 



inourthem 
te heatheni! 



\e Life of Muhammad 

lle of the days of TashrTq,' whe. 









people having 
was al-Bai "' ' 
journey fr 



I b. Ka'b b. Malik b. Abu Ka'b b. al-Qayn, b. 
)ld me that his brother 'Abdullah b. Ka'b who was one of the 
jed of the Ansar t 
i had been present at al-'Aqaba and did homage to the apostle, 
him saying: 'We went out with the polytheist pilgrims of our 
of thc pilgrnn; 



ililiil 



. Whci 



c had st 



Suiir 



dsit." Werepliedthi 



cuh ! 



„„™l „>»■ 



towards the Ka'ba." V, 

prayer came we prayed 

untii we came to Mecca. We blanied him for 

remsed to change, When we came to Mecca he said to me, "Neptu 

us go to the apoatle and ask him about ' ' 



lid, "But we will not." When the t 

i.ds tiyria .uid he prayed towards the Ka't 

' was doing, but t 



theapostle. We did not know hirt 
met a man of Mecca and we aske 

km-w him .unl we sai.i that iw dii 
'Abbasb. 'Ahdu'1-M..ttalibr Wc 






I Mhi.il I.,' 

, "The p 






rn Ka'b's i 



.irophet of God, f 
this journey God having guided me to Islam and I fclt that I ct 

' ' I i I I i i j I l i-, \uur opinion, O 

I i .1 1 ' ikll.j ' ijAfa,fyouhadUpt 

tii II." «o al-Har.t' i-L-t lj.-lil-.E m .III- ;ipi.>stlc'r: ,71 . 

Kyria. ' liut his people awcrt that hc prayed towards the Ka'b;i tmtil thc daj ul 
ire about that thanthey (237)." ' 




Thcn we invited him 
with the apostle at al-'^ 
al-'Aqaba with us, and 



The Life of Muhammad 203 

'bad b. Ka'b told me that his brother 'Abduilah told him that his 

Ka'b b. Malik said: 'Then we went to the hajj and agreed to meet 

ostlc at al-'Aqaba in the middleof the dais .-I .1 li 11 ' 

impleted the hajj and thc ■ nieltt 1 iiitii »t- had agreed to meet 

ostle there was with us 'AbdulMl b. 'Amr b. Harim Abu Jabir, one 

chiefs and nobles whom we had taken with ua. We had concealed 

rsiness from those of our people who were polytheistii. We said to 

'You are one of our chiefs and nobles and we want to wean you 

est you become fuel for the fire in the future." 

acccpt Islam and told him about our meeting 

aba. Thereuport he accepted Islam and came to 

■caiiit- ;i mi,jili (leader). 1 

of the night had passed »c tun n il I M sjndgrouse to our 2< 

appointment with thc apostle as far ss the gully by al-'Aqaba. There were 
seventy-three men with two of our womcn: Nusayba d. of Ka'b Umm 
'Umara, one of the uomen of B. Mazin b. al-Najjar, and AsmS' d. of 'Amr 
b. 'Adiy b. Xjbi, one of the women of B. Salima who was known as Umm 
Mani*. We gathered together in the gully waiting for the apostle until he 
came with his uncle al-'Abbas who was at that time a pohlluiist, albcit 
he wanted to be present at hil ; aiiii see that he had 

a firm guarantee. When he sat down he was the hrst to speak and said : 
"O people of al-Khazraj (the Arabs used the term to cover both Khazraj 

have protectcd him from our own people who think as we do about 

to you and join you. lf you think that you can be faithful to what you 
h 1 - 1 1. 1 * I 11 1 ,1 , ,rn his opponcnts tliei j-m 1 it 

tl.L- liLirJcii you havc undcrtaken. Tiut if ycu think that ynii will bctray 
and abandon him after he has gone out with you, then leave him now. 
For he is safc where he is." We replied, "We have heard what you saj'. 
You speak, O apostle, and choose for yourself and for your Lord what 



tantthejews) 

,..;! t.ill hi.f 

teusr" The J, 

tn bc p.iki ttir 



'The apostle spoke an 


n-citi-.i r 1 . . <Vj 


an and invited 


comrnended Isl.un a.id tlien said: "I in> 


tc Jiiur ahi.-gij 


that you protect me as y 








By Him Who s 


n. ;...! >u,.h t! 


protect you as we protect 


ourwoinen. Wcghc our allct: 


menofwarpossessmgarr 


r.swhichhavebe 




While al-Bara' was spea 


intt Al,f,'l-Havl 


1,1 1. 1 '1 ., 



The Life of Mnkammad 



. .:■ ' i teapostleisaid, "BringouttoriKl 
they may take chargc ol' tlieir pcople's atTairs." They pi 
al-Khazraj and three from al-Aus.' 



Accurding to what Zivikl b. 'Ahdull..!. ..M!.,k__'i i,.h! us lrom Muhammad 
b. Ishao, al-Muttalib: (thcy wcre); 

l-iom .il-Xl.azraj.Abu Umama As'ad b. Zt.i_ra . , . h, al-X.iji.lr whn .. as 
Taym Allah b. Tha'laba b. 'Amr b. al-Khazraj ; Sa'd b, al-Rabi' b. 'Amr b. 
Abtt Zuhayr b. Mahk b. ImruVI-Qays b. Malik b. Tha'l_ba b. Ka'b b. al- 
Khazraj b, al-rjarith b. al-Khazraj ; 'Abdullah b. Rawiha b. Tha'laba of the 
s.uu. _!__.•; Rii!'i' b. . "nlik b, _l-'Ajlan b, 'Amr . . .; al-Bara' b. Ma'rur b. 
Sakhrb. Khansa' b. Sinin b. Tba.d b. 'A.ii. h. Gh.mmb. Ka'b b. Salama 
b. Sa'd b. 'Ali b. Asad b. Sarida b. Tazid b, Jusham b. al-Khazraj ; 'AbduU 
lah b. 'Amr b. hjaram b. Tha'laba b. Haram b. Ka'b b. Ghanm b. Ka'b b. 

8 Salama . . . ; 'Ubada b. al-Sait.it b. Qays b. Asram . . . (239). Sa'd b. 'Ubada 
b. Dulaym b. Haritha b. AbuHazima b.Thalaba b. Tarlf b. al-Kha/raj b, 
S_'ida h. K..'i, 1>. ni-Khazraj ; al-Mundhir b. 'Amr b. Khuntiys b. Hsrhhn 
b. LaudhSn b. 'Abdu Wudd b. Zayd b. Thalaba b. al-Khazraj of the same 
linei^o). 

1 , l-i t ! ! , . . I 1 Rdh b Imtu'u'1- 

Qa-.s h. Za.d b. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal b. Jushmn li. ..l-ll.ulth b. :.l K!:,:.:i_i h 
'A.'n- h. Mnlik h. al-Aus; Sa'J h. Khaythama h. al-Hlrilh h. M.llik h. K_'h 
b, ,il-\.ihi._t b. Ka'b b. Haritha b. Ghanm b. al-Salm b. Inuui. h:j... s h 
Mahk h. ai-Aus; Rif.Va b. 'Abdu l-Mundhirb, Zubavr b. Zayd b. Umayya 
h Zav.! !.. Miilik h. ',\uf h. 'A.i.r h. 'Aiil h MSlik h. al-Aus (241). 

9 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that the apostle said to the I.eaders . ' You 
are the sureties for your people jusl aa the disciples of Jesus, Son of Mary, 
were responsible to him, whiie 1 am rcsponsible for my people, i.e. the 
Muslims.' They agreed. 

'Asim b- 'l.'mar b. Qatada told me that when the pcoplc ra.nc m.ayn.i 
to plight thcir faith to the apostle, al-'Abbas b. T lu.la !.. X adla =1- Ai.s.lr., 
brother of B. 53H. 0_ Kh- ...!, do you realize to 

what you are committing yourselyes in pledging your support to this mai 
It is to war against all and sundry.^ If you think that if you lose yo. 
property and your nobles arc h 11 m DD .p, then do so no. 

for it would bring you shame in this world and the ncxt (it jrou .!;.! 



ie Life 0/ Muhammad 






and the s 






_____ said, 'Stretch torth jour han . 1 lid 50 they pledged 

their word. 'Asim added tiiat iil-'Abbas said that only to bind the obliga- 3t 
tion more seoirely on them. 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr said that hc said it 
merely to keep the people back that night, hoping that 'Abdullah h. 1 "buyy 

b. Saliil woul .1 ..,. ogh 111.. ■• wcightto his people's support. But 

God knows best which is right (242). 

The B. al-Najjir allege that As'ad h. Zurara was the first to strike his 
hand in fealty; the B. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal say that he _as not, for Abu'l- 
Haytham was the iirst. Ma'bad b. Ka'b tol.I 11. .. ii. his tradihon li.i.n his 
brothcr 'Abdullah b. Ka'b from his father Ka'b b. MSIik that ai-Bara' was 
the lirst and the people Mlnwed him. When we had all pledged oursc!ves 
Satan shouted from the top of al-'Aqaba in the most penetratinp vo:ce 1 
hlve ever heard, 'O people of the stations of Mina, do you want tliis rcpro- 
hate 1 and the apostates 3 who are with him ? They have comc together to 
makewaronyoul' The apostle said, 'This is the Izb' of the hill. This is 
tl.e son of ,\zyab. Do you hear, enemy of God, I swear I will make an 
endof y0 n!(i+ 3 ).' 

The apostle then told them to disperse and go back to thcir c.ii;.vaii, ai.J 
al-'Abbasb. 'Ubada said, 'By God, if you wish it we will fall on the people 
of MinS tumomiw ui-.ii our swortls.' !!.- replied, 'We have not bcen com- 
.' So we 1vt.1l h;u:k ... nur 



l.e.is .. 



thc moraing the li-uders nf (_i.ravsh came to our encampment say- 
: thcy had heard that we had come to invite Muhammad to leave 
id had plcdged ourselves to support hhn in war against them, and 
re was 110 Arab tribc that they would fight more rclm.-t.nuh ti:.tn us. 
pnn the |.oh [l..':sts of our tribe swore that nothing of the kind had 

' " ey kncw nothing of it. And here they were speaking the 3. 
...., .reinienoranceotwhathadhappened. We looked at one 
r. Thentl 



h. !■.. 1 



_.le got up, ameng thcm al-Hirith b. Hisham b. al- 
Mughira al-Makhzumi who was weating a p.rir n!' iit:u- sjnd.tls. 1 spnkc a 
word t.' hi.tt as though 1 wantcd to associate the people witl. .vlmt i!n \ !::..! 

of a pair of sait.!,.! , r A:I!;ir:.h !..::.:.! 

me and took them off his fcet and threw them at me saying, 'By God you 
can have theml' Abu Jabir said, 'Gently now, you have angerctl ll.c 



Tke Lije of Muhatnmad 
nbackhisaandsls,' 'By God, I willnot,' 



out consulting me in this way and i do nor know 
Thereupon they lett him. 

:■■:■ liad left Mina thcy iim'sti£!;ttr< 
found that it was true, So they went in pursuit of 
in Ailbiklnr and alsn al-Mtuid 



a, both of thcm 



'. !",!<■ I:< 



it has happened.' 

< pnrt ;:l<,svlv anj 
people a ndover- 

Wrnr !inilluT<:f 



:<3 tl.c ll.li: 
pleasant af 

,,-,1 i<:< , 

"Yes," I s. 



.i:,:i! I Lhnm:!it !! 
ace and after th; 



:. f iist-tl r,i Liiiarautee tlie safety of tlie merchanls of 
'Adiy b. Naufal b. 'Abdu Manaf and protect them 
t have wrongcd them in mv cu-jiiip. . 
b. Harb b. Umayya"b. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu Manaf." "Very well, then, 






ii: Ka'ba 



nd tnld them <if me and that I was calling for 
lim on them. When they heard who I was they 



owledged th 

ofB.*Amirb.Lu , ayy(2 4 4). 

The tirst poetrv aljout thc Mtgration was two verses composed by 
b. al-Khattab b. Mirdas, brother of B. Muhlrib b. Fihr: 

I overtook Sa'd and took him by foree. 

It would liaw bceii hctter if I liail ctLight Mundhir. 

If I had got hini lils l.lnml ■« U 11,1! have to be paid for. 

He deserves to bc humiliated and left unavenged (1448), 



nd the m; 
re thin. 



M.mJl 



When the people's < 

But for Abu Wahh (my) versca woulj have passed aver 

Thetopof;t!- ''. ; . ;■■! 1 Sown swi/tly* 



the Nabataeans wcar dvcd' wrtippc 

n a town of Caesat or Chosroes. 
be like a bcreaycd mother wlu, 



,\u; likc tht; barking dog that sl 



THE IDOL OF 'AMH IBNIj'L-]AMU^ 
When they came to Mcdina they openly professed Tslani there, \ow jomc 
of the shaykhs still kept to their old idoktry, among whom was 'Amr b. 
al-Jamirh b, Yazid b. Haram b. Ka'b b. Ghanm b. Ka'b b. Salama whose 
Bon, M;i":Itltt nad lt»ne homage to the 

apostle there. 'Amr m one of ilte tribal nobles and leaders and had set 
up in his house a wooden idol called ManaV as the nobles used to do, 
making it a god to revcrence and beeping it clean. When the young men of 
the B. Salama Mu'adh b. Jabal and his own son Mu'5.11, aJnplcJ Jsla<n 






o! of 'A 






bc iinmd it bc washed it and cleaned it and pernjmcd it sayin 
if I knew who had done this I would treat him shamefully!' 
came and he was fast asleep they did thc samc ag.tin anti lic 
idol in the morning. This happened sevcral timcs until nnc 
thi: itlol l!-;:ii) Lbc placc wbcrc thcy lciti tliniwn ii. ptiritictj it as 



2oS The Life of Muhammad 

but if you are any good at »11 defend yourself since you have this sword.' 
At night when he was asleep they came again and took the sword from its 
ncck and hung a dead dog tn tt I ■•, c . . i I i i < it lnto a cesspit. 
f o the mornmg r Amr came and could not find it where it nnrmally was ; 

il i l I t i I i i i I I Whn 

he saw it and perceivcd what i::. bidims ,,f his clan 

spoketo himhc bco of God and became a good 

Muslim. Ile wmtr r-nrnc cerses wllcn hr had runie ti> :i ki„.v,lcdp,c ot G..,J 
in which he mentioncd the image and its impotence and thankcd Gcd for 
haciiig dclicrrcd hini fr,„„ tht blindncss and error in which he had lived 
hitherto ; 



.: . 



u bad w. 



:i »„d y..:.: \. 



J.-J i, 



'.1 1 >. Ii. 1. II It II, I 1 ,r mtked folly. 

Praise be to God most High, ihe Gracious, 

The Bountiful, the Providef, the Judgc of all religion 

Who has dcJbered me in time to save mc 

From being kept in the darkness of the grave. 



When God gave pcrmissi.m :,. his apos 
taincd conditions invoiving war whicb 
Now they bound themselves to war aga 
apostle, while he promised them for 

'Ubada b. al-Walld b. 'Ubada b. al-Samit from his 
grandfather 'Ubada b. al-Samit who was one of the Leac 
pledged ourselves to war in complete 



wrong anyone ; that we would speak the truth at 
God's seryice we would fear the censure of none.' 
twelve who gave his word at the first 'Aqaba. 



Usayd h. Hudayr . 
TayyahSn who was a 
Zu'flrr b. 'Abdu'1-As 



a Icadcr who was not at Badr. Abu'1-Haytham 1 
Badr. Salma b. Salama b. Waqsh b. Zughba 1 
hal who was at Badr (245). Total 3. 



7Vir J.ijr of Muhammad 200 

From B. HSritha b. al-Hardtli . . . Z„hayr b. R5fi' b. 'Adly b. Zayd b. 

Jusham h. Il.uitha, and Ahii Htirda b. N,va;- nlmsc namc' w as Ilani' b. 
i-. ".irirl LJba) I. i ■■:■,. nli. Ghanm b. Dhtiliyan b. 

Huinaym b. Kiimil I). Dhuhl b. Haniyb. Haliy b. 'Amrb. al-H.If b. Quda'a, 
at Badr. Nuhayr h. a]-Haytham of B. Nabi b. 



Majda*a b 
Of B. ', 



. Ma-,!l 



;. Hewasi 
Total 3. 



Hif;V.l 



'Abdu'1-Mtind 



.k.thcn 



a 'leader' who w: 



. 'Abdiill 



at Badr ancl »ns killcd as a 
marlyr at Hhud commanding ihe archers fur thc apostlc (247). And Ma'an 
b. 'Adlyb. al-Jadli. ;,!- Adj.i 1>. I.l.intha h. Dubay'n, a client ofthcirs from 
H.tliy |iics,iit :il Il.idr, 1 Inui, anj al-K)i,„,d:i<| a-nd all thc ;t|i„stlc's batllcs. 
llc was killctl in tll,- hattlc i.l" al-Yaiitiinia as a rnaityr 111 thc cahphatc of 
AhuBakr. And '1'waym 1>. Srbida who w.is prcscnl at Hadr, Uhud, artd 
al-Kliandarj. Totai 5 . 

Thc tntal fnr all clans of Aus was II. 



0f al-Khazraj thcrc mrt 










0£B.al-Najj;,rv.h„wa 5 


i':,v,ui|il: 


1 b. Tha'kba b. 






Khalid b. Z 


vdb. Kulaybb 


1'ha'lab. 


b. 'Abd b. 'Auf 






b. al-Najjar. 


He was prcscn 


at all the 


apostle's battles 




By*an- 






the time 


ofMu'awiya. M 


11'adh b. al-ll.ainh 




im.idb. Mslik 


b. Ghanrt 


. Prcscnt ,it all b.ttilcs it 


wasthe 


so,,.,f'Afr.l 


ar.d hishrotht 




b. al-Harith wh 




at llail, 






s brothe 








u-i„, kiiicd 


ibu Jahl b. Hisham b. 


1-H .1, 1 '. 






1-Si. An.i 


•Umara h. Ha 


m b. Za 


.i b. 1 au.ihan 




. 'Abdu 


•A,i! b. <;'■ 


nm. Hewasp 


esent at all battles and d 






battle of al 


Yamriiiia i.i th 


caliphate of Abii Bakr. 






leader. He 


ied before Bad 


when th 


ap.isllc'5 m„si 


ue was bei 


,..b„i'lt. 


Of B. 'A 


nr b. Mabdhul 


whowas 


'Amir b. Milik 


: Sahl b. 


'Atlk b. 



.. 'Aii; h 



1- Wnsat 



■adr. Tota! 1. 



b.al-Najjar-.h.iii:, ih: B. Hudayla (249). Aus 
Thr.ha- h. al-Mnndrdr b l.larjin 1>. 'Aiur h. /av I M.iiial 1,. 'Adly b. 'Amr 
b. Mal 1 , t 1 I il , I ,11 , 1-1,1 I- Wailli. Ilaram 

b. 'Aittt b. 7.ayd Manat . . . present at Badr. Total 2. 

Of B. MRzlnb. al-Najjar: Qays b. Abu Sa'sa'awhosc name was 'Amrb. 
Zayd b. 'Auf b. Mabdkiil b. 'Am,- I, tlhar.m b, Ma7in. Prcscnt at HaJr 

'1 1- tl ,i, I 1 I 1 1,1 [, .,11 \i „ b 1 1, 1 ,ya 

b. 'Amr b. Tha'laba b. Khansa' b. Mahdhul . . . Total 2. 



I-I.blrith b. Kliazra, 



,,,a™. 



ar iia.h a 



TheU/eo/Muh, 
b. Malik al-Agharr b. Tha' 



al-Harit] 






<l h, t! 



I b. Tha'laba b. 'Abdull; 
. He it was who was shc 



wayd b.Tha'laba b. 'Arar b. Haiitha b, Imru'ul-Qays b. Malik. Pn.st.nl 
at Badt, 1'huJ, ,m,1 al-Kliandai| and was killed as a martyr in righting B. 

his skull. The apostle said— so they say— that he will havc tlic reward of 
two martyrs. 'Uqba b. 'Amr b, Tha'laba b. Usayra b. 'Usayra b. Jadara 
b. 'Atil n ho is Ahu Masud, the youngest of those at al-'Aqaba. Dicd in 
iht tHtie of Mu*Swi™, Was not at Badr. Total 7. 

Of B. Bayada b.'Xmir b, Zurayq b. 'Abdu Hiritha: Ziyad b. Labid b. 
Thad.ibri b.' Sintm b. 'Amir b. 'Adli h. Umayya b. Ilayada. Present at 
Badr. Farwa b. 'Amr b. Wadhafa b. 'Ubayd b, 'Amir b. Bayada. Present 
at Badr (351). Khalid b. Qays b. Malik b. al-'Ajlan 0. 'Amir. At Badr. 
Total 3. 
■o Of B.Zo.rayqb.'Ar,,i, t '' Malik b. Ghadb b. 

lusham b. al-Khaiiai : RSri' h. al-'Ajl,"in, a leader. Dhakwan b. 'Abdu Qays 
" b. Mukhallad b. 'Amir. He went out to thc apostlc and staycd 



with him in Mecc 
name of AnsiirT Muhajiri 
Uhud. 'Abbad b. Qays b. 'Amir I 
I, Oavsh. khalid b. Mukhallad b 



snike Ins bnnd on the apostle's V, 



migrated fror 



WasatBadr. Al-Harith 
■as Aba Khalid. Presenl 

b. Tazid . . . Al-Bara* b. 



Radr, Uhud, 



,„ti„-,i- 



I II,- a 






the apostle rei 

rvplicd,'AI-luddh. IJays msp.tent 1,1, ,i,,an„,-ss: I ic sairl, 'W nat uisease 
is worse than mcann II l:,,cf oiih Salani , h r. nrl 11 1 I 

Hi-.hr h. al-Bar.T' h. VI:. ri.r.' Siniill b. Sa-.fi b- Sakh, h. Kt, .,„,:,' h. Sn, ,n 
b. 'I. hay.l who was at Badr and died a martyr at al-Khandau, Al- !'ufayl 
b. Numan h. Kliansa' b. Sinan h. 'Ubayd with the same rccord. Ma'qil 
b. al-Mundhir b. Sarh b. Khunas b. Sinan b. 'Ubayd who was at Badr, 
togtilicrwitli his brother Yazid. Mas'ud b. Yazid b. Subay' b. Khan.sa" h. 
Sinjn h. Tlmil. Al-Dahhak h.Haritha b. Zayd b. Tha'laba b. 'Ubayd 
o who was present at Badr. YajStd b. Hsram b. Subay' b. Kiiansa h SmJn 
b. 'Uhayd. Jubbar b. Sakhr b. Umayya b. Khansa' b. Sinan b. 'Ubayd 



The Lijt of Muhammad 31 

irtowisprraem at Badr.' Ttnal 11. 

Of lt Sa«:iJ h G!,.u,.nb. Ka'bb. Ralama of the ckn of Banu Ka'b b 
Sanad: Ka'b h. Malik h. Ahii Ka'b h. a]-Qayn b. Ka'b. Total 1. 

Of II. Ghanm h. S.iwad h. (.hjnir. h. Ka'b b. Salama. Salim h. 'Amr I) 
rladida b. 'Amr h. Ghanm who was at Badr. Qutba h. 'Ainir h. HadTda b 
'Amr b. Ghanm v.ho »m at Ita.lr. Yazid his hnither known as AbiTl 
Muiidhir; ,vas nt Hndr. Ka'b b. 'Amr b. 'Abbad b. 'Amr b. Ghanm knowi 
as Ahu'1-Yasar. At Badr. Sayfi b. Sawad b. 'Abbad b. 'Amr h. Ghann 
(, 53 ). Total 5. 

Oi II. Nabi h. 'Ai.ir h S.mad h. Gh.mm h. Ka"h h Salama: Tha*Iaha b 
Ghanama b. 'Adiv h N.ihi was al i!,u!i and was l ik-tl as a marlvr ai al 
Khandau. 'Amrh Chanamah 'Ailiv h. N.Thr. 'Ahs h. 'Amir ii. 'Adiy n 
at Gadr. 'Abllulli.h h. Inaia an ilh 1'rnii, Qud5'a. Khalid b. 'Amr b 

'Adiy. Tota! j. 



Of n. 



-,. Ka'h h. Ch.ini 



1: ii.,,1,- ,- 



h. Saiama: 'Ahdull 



al-Jidh'lal-Ji,lh' bcuig Tha'i: 



Badr and 


askill, 


1 „s"a mart; 


at, 


-TiV 


f. 'Umayrb.al-I 


iililrlh. 


ha'!aha 


b. al-llriri 


h 1-. 11 








;2t + t. Kl.a.ii, 




ib. Aus 




al-I-ui 


hr ; i:,al'., 






M.i'a,;li h. ),,], 




r b. Aus 


b>A'idhh 


.Ka'b 






s., : , 




rissai, 




Saridab.Tazidb. 




• IV 1 






H- II. S: 


im,;he 
















Svrian 












hv H. Salama ,•] 




n for the 


rc.ison lia 








hlh 


Mlihammad h, . 


-lu.ldh 


Oavs b- 








'Ub 


,;d. 


. . b. Salama th 


ough hi 




(*SS)- To 

















yr. Abri 'Abdu'I-Rahn,an Yat-id b. 'i'ha'laha ! 






mr b. 'Ammarn, an allv from thc B. Ghusay 




Balij 


th b, Labda b. 'Amr b. Tha'laba. They wcrc t 


cQa 


■....,; 



Total 

Or H. Sahm h, Gl,a„.„ h ' \,,f: k„„v,n a, !!„ II. jl-IluhlT I : 5: !: RitrT 
b. 'Amrb. Zayd b. 'Amr b. Tha'Iaba b. Mahk h. Salim b. Ghar,,,, know 
as Ah,-,T-\\'„li,l. \\ ;,s :u Hadr (z;K). 'I,\|ha h. W.ihh h, Kt.kh, b, ,.1-la'rl I 
Ihlalh ,1 llarilh h.'.\„:rh. 'Adii h It.sl,.,,,, h. 'Aul h. liuhlha h. 'Abdu 
iah :i. Ghat.Uiin h. SaM h. Oavs h. ',\v!.T„, jn allv, present at Badr. He ha 
the titlc Ansiiri Muhaiiri fnr thv rYjsnn given aboye. Total 2. 



ata TheLifi„f 

Of the B. Sa'ida b. Ka'b: Sa'd b. 'Ubada a leader. Al-Mundhir b. 'Amr, 
a leader, present at Badr and Uhud and killcd at Ei'r Ma'una commanding 
for the apostlc. It was said of him 'He hasterted to death' (259). Total 2. 

The total number of those present It the second 'Aqaba from the Aus 
sritl K|ijl/-;i[ was sevenly-three men and two women who they allege 
pledged their obniM j 1 I 1.. I 1 r 1 1 1 | 

(Of theie two m !!. M5zin b. al-NajjSr. She was 

d. of Ka'b b. 'Amr b. 'Auf b. Mabdhul b. 'Amr b. GhaniJi l>. \\y/.;n, 
if 'Umara, Sheand her sistcr went to war with the apostle. Her 
■sim b. Ka'b, and her two sons were Habib and 
'Abdullah. Musaylimathehai.i . I uUl .1.'. I tb \ amatna, got hold 
of Habib and began to say to him, 'Do you tcstify that Muhammad is the 
apostlc of God ?' And when he said that he did, he went on, ' And do you 
3 testify that I am the apostle of God?' he answered, 'I do not hear.' So he 
began tn ent iiim to pieeus member by member until he died. He tried 
putting the same t;ui-stii.ins t" biirr sgain and again, but he could get no 
diiTercnt answcrs. Nusayba went to al-Yamama with the Muslims and 
took part in the war in pcrson until God slew Musaylima, when she 
ing suffered twelve wounds trom spear or sword. It was 
Muhammad b. Yahyl b. Habban who told me this story from 'Abdullah 
b. 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. Abu Sa'sa'a. 

The other woman was of B. Sakma, Umm Mani', named Asma' d. 
'Amr b. 'AdTy b. Nabl h. 'Amr b. Sawad b. Ghanm b. Ka'b b. Salama. 






Tiu- iipnsllt: liiul rior been giren petmission to hght or allowed to shed 
blood befote the secund 'Aqaba. He had simply becn ordcred to cal! men 

others irnm llieir cormrry. They had :o choose whether to give up their 
ruhLTuin, I.l- u.ik L-sleJ .u home, or to Hi-e the country, some to Abyssmia, 
others to Medina, 

When Quraysb becanie insolent towards God and rcjcctcd HIs gracious 
puijinsi.-. :': L-isrd Hisprophet of lying, and lll ir:Ull! .unl 1 ■ulej tluist: who 
sl-|m:J ilnu aud ji - . i:.l:i : n 1: -.1 liis uinly. bclniL.l i:i :!:s pr:vi|uu ,ui.l keld 
East iu li:s religion, 11..- gave u-n.uuumi. 1:0 Ilis apostle to ftght and to 
protect himself against those who wronged them and treated them badly. 

The iirst verse which was sent down on this subject from what I havc 

h.ri.i fV(>m %'rwa b. al-Zubayr and other learned persons was: 'Permis- 

4 siontsgncn t.i tlui . h il , 1 1] lu l>, . n uumijlJ Gij.1 is 

wel! .Jdu t.i liv l]i [i.eilu th.ist- u.lin il.m; bitii driien tittt nf their hriuses 

without right only because they said God is our Lord. Had not God used 



The Life of Muhammad 

osqucs whcrein the name of God is constantly m 
:en destroycd. Assuredly God will help thosc wh 
Imighty. Those whD if wc make them strong in the land will es 



hduiiiti i'i 






will c: 



rhli.sii p 



' Ther 



tyer, pay tf 



g is: 'I hav 
treated whit 

:. WIil.iiui, 



•. ToGod 






Iofthem.' Then 

God sent down to him: 'Fight them so that there be mi more seduclion,'- 
i.e. until no bclievcr is seduced from his religion. 'And the religion is 
GodV, i.e. Until God alonc Is worshipped. 

When God hid given permission to fight and this clan of the Ansat 
hadpledgedthtir n| 1 I 1 1 [ U I lnmandhisfollowers, 

and the Musliins u L;; uitii them, the apostlc commanded 

his compantons, tl einig 11 li | iple and those Muslims who wcrc 
with I 111 11 Mi 1 . 1 . 1 1 1 11 1 1 11] 1 p , th thcii 

brethren the Ansar. 'God will make for you brcthren aoil Iiousljs in wliicli 



in Mecc 






, Mlll 



The first of the Quraysh to migrate to Mcdina from among tlie apostle's 

cnmpai ,s l,:ls [,,lu oi I!. \Llkhzuin, \hll Sai.lina b. -.\iidu'l-As;nl b. 

Hilal b, 'Abdullah b. 'Umar b, Makhzumwhose forename was 'Abdullah. 
He went to Medina a year belore the pledge at al-'Aqaba, having comc to 
ihe apnslk: 11: Mecca : om M-;.-sr,,i Oe nugrated hecause the Quraysh 
ill-treated him and he had heard that somc of the Ansir liad acccptcd 

My father Ishaq b. Yasar on the authority of Salama who had it from 
his grandmother Umm Salama the prophet's wife told tne that she said : 
Whtn Al.n"i Sainina had decidcd to set out for Medina hc saddled his c:iniL-l - 

my arms. Thtn u r nil 1 1 li 1. , 111 I , iien the men of B. 

b. Makhsum saw him they got up and 



: 'So f.ir 






So tluiy snatched thc camel's rope from his hand and took me from hlm. 
Alnl Salama's tatuiK. llu- II, Ahdu'1-Asad, were angry at this and said: 
'We will not leave our son with her seeing you have torn her from our 
tribesman.' So they dragged at my littlc boy Salama between them until 



214 The lije <,! 

B. al-MughTra kept me with them, and my husband Abu Salama wen 

Medina. Thus I iia-.-ieparated from m; [msbimil jnil my son. I USed t< 

. ;i th.: vall.-v i'.-crpin^ i.i::uni.n.iui;]y timij .1 _: 

orsc icdwhenone, ighira passed and 

1 look pity on me. He said to his tribesmen, 'Why di 

an go ? You have separated husband, wiEe, and ehi 



:. 'Yoi. 



intomyourh 



jo I saddled my camel and touk 

myson iiini oarrieil him in my arms. Then I sei 1'ortli nin; tor my hui,- 
hand iu Ms-illna. Not a soul was with me. I thought that I eiiuld gt-l i'ood 
ftom anyone 1 met on the road until I reached my husband. W hen I uas in 
1'an'im' 1 mct 'Uthman b. Talha b. Abu Talha, brother of B. 'Abdu'l- 
Diir, u ] i.i nskid iii! uhere [ was going and if r was all aione. I told him 
tliat cic.ept ior Goil imtl niy little boy I uas alnne. He said that I ought 
not to \x left hclplcss like that and he took hoid of the camePs halter and 

6 Wiicu ci ciiiny came he would hring the camel and saddle it, then go 

bchintl iin aml tell mc lo ride; and when 1 was rjrmly eslahbshc! iu Llic 

t ■ II 111-11 ,11 tl :■.. ' ,::::.! 1 

B. 'Amr b. 'Auf in Quba' he said: 'Your husband is in this vill.ii;.- (Abn 

he went off on his way back to Mecca. 

. I donotknowa family in Islam ii],i<:]i i-iiircnd 
ulim ihc tiimily of Abu Salama did.' Nor havc I ever seen a nobler man 
tban 'l ihniiiiib. Talha. 

U 1 II I I I 1 I I I i I 1 

Hathma b. Chaitim b. 'Abdullah b. 'Auf b. 'Ubaid h. 'Uiiayj h. 'Adiv b. 
Ka'b. Thcn 'Abdullah b. Jahsh b. Ri'5b b. Yamar b. Suhira I,. Muirii b. 
Katliir b, Ghaiim b. Uudan b. Asad b. Khuzayma ally of B. Umayya b. 

as Abi" Alilllild. \mv Abu Altiiiikl y.in; j)hu..l ,u:.l ;:■: i:.;-,-d lo g,, ,i][ n.ui.d 
Mccca from lop to bottom i t . . i I I n I tt a pcct. 

Hc luul lo ii ifv al-h',ir'a d. of Abu Sufyan b. Harb; his mother uas 1 "uiai uia 
d. of 'Abdu'1-Muttalib. 

The house of tiie li. Jahsh was lockcd up whcn thcy lcft anil 'Utba b. 
Rabi'a and al-'Ahbas b. 'Abdu'1-Mutulib and Ahit Jahl b. Hisham passed 



ong its prosperity lasts 



n:'l'],isisthctvnrkofthism: 






ail.n,. 



's nephew. Hc has tlt 



Salama and 'Amir t 

Ahmad b. Jahsh were billeted on Mubashshir b. •Abdui-M.undliir I 

Zanbar m Quba' among the B. 'Amr b. 'Atlf. 

Then the rehtgees came in companics and the R Ghanm b. Dtidan wet 
Muslims Mbi> had gone to Medma as a body with the apostlc as emigrant 
both men and women: 'Abduliah b. Jahsh aiul bis b, • ., i \ „ \l ■■ 
ind 'I kiliha b. Mihsan and Shuja' and 'Uqba, the two sons of Waht 
and Arhad b. Humayyira (262), and Muntpdh !:. Nubata and Sn'id i 
Ru.jjysh iinJ Muhri7 b. N.nhj jn.l 1 .«Ji! [•, Rii,,::vsh, and Qays b. JSbi 
and 'Amr b. Mihsan and Malik b. 'Amr and Safwan b. 'Amr and Thao, 
b. 'Amr and Rabl'a h. Aktham and al-Zubayr b. 'Abid and Tammam t 
'Ubayda and Sakhbara b. Uhaytla and Muhammad b. AbJull:,', I 
Jahsh. 



Their 



jtid 



I- .::„„ 









lih ,!,, 



Had Ahmad's mothe 


'twixt Safa and Ma 


Her oath would havc 






We were the nrst in 


■ 








II.;, iih.inmh. Dud 


an pitchcd 


lis ..;,•. 



:»iar ac 


rampanied by various mcmbcrs of his family, and his hrother 


■ayd, „., 


1 'Amr and 'Ahdullah thc sons or Kuraua b. al-Mu'tamir, and 




b. Hudhafa al-Sahmi (wha had married 'Umar's daughter 




ciin ihc cocisllc married aftcr the death of her husband), and 




'Ahdullali id-Tamimi an ally of theirs, and Khauli and Malik 






.:,-.. %(, 


I, 'Amir, and KhSlid; cn.l tlnir :tl]:,.-, fmm B. Sa'd b. Layth; 




-■ a,rive.l ac M.dina staycd with Rifd'a b. 'Ah.lu" Mucdhir h. 


anbar among B. 'Amr b. 'Auf in Quba'. 'Ayyash also stayed with him 



to Medina. 

Tthman; Suhayh b. Sinan 

al-Harith b. al-Khajraj, in al-Sunh. 1 Others deny this and say that 
T.iiba swyed wilh As'ad b. Zur:lra hrother of the B. "iil-\jj,ar !2'„: i. 
a The following stayed with Kulthum b. Kidm brothcr 'i,f II. 'Amr h 
Aul in CJulia": Hamcia b. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib; Zayd b. Hiritha; Ahu Mar- 

thad K.m.^b.Hisn(a6 7 );a n dhi SS onMar,hadofthetrib, .,!,„ 

of Hamza; Anasa; and Abu Kabsha, frecdmcn c,f tlu aposlle. Orhcr 
reports are that th,-v stayd „■„!, S„'d i, Kh:ivthanw; :,:„[ th,,t Haimta 
staycd with As'aii h. Zurara. 

I '„ c I wii u tay, I with 'Abdullah b balama hrothcr <jf the Banii 
Aplan „i tjtih.': 'I i-,,,,1., b. ,1 !:.-,:;!, ;-,.l his h,-„il„„ „]-Tufavl- al- 
r.lus,ivn b. al-l.hirirb: M,srjl, h. Ilrh, ; |„, b. 'Abbsd b. al-Muttalib; 
'— K: * b. Sa'd b. Ijiirjymila brotller of li. 'At„lu'l-l)jr: T;r.,vh b. 



i'::,l i.„ni'liir b. Muhammad b. '[Jc|ba b. 1 l:„,;,„ b. :,s - 1 , . I ;s 1, ,„ 
11 ! " I. t, I t)c R J hj h i yed lUuti I \i , 

and \bli S.li , , \ , , R, I m I \h,]„ | 1 zz j. 

Wcth Sa'd b. Mu'5dh b. al-Nu'mcui brother of thc B. 'Abdu'I-Ashhal in 
lh< r dwdling stayed Mus'ab b. 'Umayr b. Hishim brothcr of the B. 

, With 'Abbad b. Hislir b. \Vaqsh brother of the R. 'Abd.i'1-Ashhal in 
thc latter's dwetling stayed Abii Hudhayfa b. 'Utba b. Rahia :„,.! hi, 
freedman Salim; and 'Utba b. Ghaawan b. Jabir (j68). 

dwellingof B, al-Najjar staycd 'Uthman h. 'Affan. This was the reason why 
tcmd of 'Uthman and lamented liini whcn he nas slain. 
It is said that the celibate emigrants stayed i ith S,,'d 1 I , , t , 
bccause he himseh" was unmarried ; but God Itnows best about that. 



Affer his companions had left, the apostle stayed in Mecca waitirlj 
i o rnigrate. Fxcept for Abu Bakr and 'Ali, none of his suppo 

he would answer, 'Don't be in a hurry; it may be that C,<nl uili cm; 

not of their tribe and outside their territury, and that his compar 
had migrated to join them, and knew that they had settled in a new r 
and had gaincd protcctors, they feared that the apostle might join t! 
sincc they knew that he had decided tn nght rhcm. So thry asscm 
in their council chamber, the house of Qusayy b. Kilab wherc all 
important business was conducted, to take counsei what they should < 
regard to the apostle, for they were now in fear of him. 

O »1 i i iji i Li i \n u i I i ii i i ui iloubt told me or 

authority of 'Ah. iillah I. M>ii \:iji : I': i! Uuir.hiiJ b. Jubayr fathi 
al-Hajjaj; and another person of thu sanii: rh:inicter on thc authoril 
' Ibdullah b. 'Abbas told me that when thcy had fixed a day to come 



lca.iers of Oiiravsh. 1'r.iin )], 'Ahihi Sham 
of Rabi'a; and Abii Sufvan. From B. Nai 
b. 'Adiy; Jubayr b. Mut'im; an.l al-ll.uiih 



and I.Iakim b, Hinam. From R MakhzQm Abu Jahl h. Risbam. From 
B. Sabm Nuhayh and Munabbih the sons of al-Hajj.ij. From B. Jumah 

Umayya Ik Khalnl', nntl ntlicrs indudine. somc who wcrc not of Quraysh. 

Thc discussuin opcncd with thc statcmcnt that now that Muhammad 

had gaincd adhercnls ..u-.si.lc ili iiiIk they were no longer safe against 

pursue. One advised that they should put him in irons behind bars and 
then wait until the same fate overtook him as befell his likc, the pocls 
Zuhayr and Nabigha, and others. The shaykh ohjected to this on the 

ground that news would [eak out that hc u a i i n I 

his Mlowers would attack and snatch him away; then their numbers 
would so grow that t hey « ir.i' .1 <lcs:-ov thc authority of Quraysh altogcther. 



222 TheLifeof. 

15 They must think of another plan. Another nuin suggested that they shou Jd 
drive him out oi the country. They did not care where he went or what 
happened to him once he was out of sight and rhc> ucrc tiJof him, They 
could then restore their social life to its former state. Again the shsykh 
nhjectcd that it was not a good plan. His fine speech and beautihd diclton 
and the compelling fnrce of his message were such that if he settled with 
some Beduin trih. ■ : tlut tticy would follow him 

andcom 
anthorit] 
thinkofabetterplan. 

Thereupon Abit Jahl said that he had a plan whii 
suggested hitherto, namcly that each clan should provid( 
ful, well-bom, aristocrstic warrior; that each of these sh 
with a sharp sword; then that each of them should stri 
ill him. Thus ihey w 



for hii 



.-. 






would all contribute to. The shaykh esclaimed: *The man is right. 
In my opinion it is the only thing to do.' Having comt lo ■ dccisirai the 
people dispersed. 

Vh™ Gabricl came to the apostlc and said: 'Do not sieep tnoight on the 
bed nn whidi you usually sleep.' Before much of the night haii passeii 
thcy assemhled al his door v.aiting for him to go to sleep so thtt they 



i 'Ali tt 



m would beWl him, He himself used to sleep io 



Yazid b. Hyid on thc authority of Muhammad b. Ka'b. al-Qurazi told 
me that when thcy were all outside his door Abu Jahl said to them: 
'Muhammad alleges that if you follow him you will be kings of the Arabs 
and Ihc Pcrsi.ns Then afler death you will be raiscd to gardens like those 
of thc Jordan. But if you do not follow him you will be slaughtered, and 
whcn you are raiscd from the dead you will he burned in the fire of hell.' 
Thc anostle camc out ro them with a handful of dust saying: 'I do say 
that. You arc one of them.' God took away their sight so that they could 
not see Imn nnit he began to sprinklethe dust on their hcads as he recited 
these yerscs: 'Ya Kln, by thc wise (Juran. l'hou art of tliose that art sent 
on « straighl path, a revelation of thc Mighty the Mcrciml' as far as the 
words 'Aiul we coccreil thein and thcy could not see'.' When he had 
hnislicd rceiling not onc of them but had dust upon his head. Then he 



np niid sskcil Ihcin \v]i. L : liu-y werc waiting lor 

that theywer. naitmg lor Muhammad hesaid:'liui _ 

mad cainc out to ynu a i.i u:i einst on the head of every single man 






■c .nil llicy plut, but God plots 
d 'Or they say hc is a poet fur 
atc. Say: Gn ..,:; 



ui lo niierau- and hc rcplicd T)o not horry; perhaps God will 
a cnmpanion,' hopim: . ■ .iiii himseir he bought 

Is arid kcpt thcm ticd up in his house supplying them with fodder 

whom I have no reason to doubt told me as from 'Urwa b. al- 
hat 'A'isha said : The apnstle used to go to Abii Bakr's house 
' either in the early morning or at night ; but on the day whcn he 



iioihcr Iie vi 






'Togeth 



'Together,' he replied. Antl by God before that 

anytine wcrp for joy ,is \hu Ihikr ncpt then. At last he sa 
nf God, tiicsc arc tlie two Dirncls which I havc hcld in rca, 
!io they hired 'Abdullah b. Ariiat, a man of B. '1-Di'l b. Bakt 
m of B. Sahm b. 'Amr, and 3 polytheist to lea 









.. apptimled ihiy ctl 






The Life of Muhammad 



ly behind in 
about left it 



of the Jinn came from the Iw 
the Arab way. And lo pcoph 
voice but they could not see hii 
ng thc while: 



Ufe of Muhamma, 
part of Mecc 



nerged from the upper part of 



i 'Abdulhth tn listcn to what people 
by night with the day's news. Hc al: 

.'cdninn, to tecil his rloek hv day arul n, 
n thc cave. Asm.V his danyhici used ti 



irdeted 'Amir b. 
ocomeatnightwith 
lya. When Quraysh 






lltl.t.H 



some. When'Abdt 

would take the sheep over the same T 

thrce days lind passcd and mcii's inrc-i 

of provssions; hut she had forgotten 
started she could not tie the bag 



rlng thc da> 'Abdullah was 



she got the name 'She of 

Whcn Abil Bakr 
better iwe to him ai 



a rope tied the bag to the saddle. For 



niHieht tllC tv;o 


,'mcls ".:■ 


the apostle he offered the 






But the apostle rerused to 


was not his own 




Abu Bakr wanted to give 


to know what he had pai< 




andAbiiBakrcar 


ied "Ami 


his freedman behind him 


1 thcjourney. 






ma" saiil. 'Whcn 


te apostle and Abu Bakr had gone, 


includingAbuJ 


hl came to us and stood at the door. 




where rr 


y father was and when I 


know Abu Jahl 




a rough dissolute man, 


Yioh-ntly that m 


earring 


Hew off. Thcn they took 



May MuhammatTs compajiion p: 
May the placc o± " ilu. If.im"i K,; iY 
For she was a look-out for the be 



*' t*7* 



Asma' contirni, U : 'When m beaid b£s worda we toew th.it the iipoa 

was making for Mcdina. Therc wcre fmir ol thein: tlie apostle, A 
Bakr, 'Amir, and 'Abdullah b. Arqat their guide' (273). 

Yahya b. 'AbbSd b. "Abdullah b. al-Zubayr tuld me that his fatt 
'Abbad told him that his grandmother Asma' said: 'When Ihe apostlc 



.11 iWiti with A 



ujwhereAh B 

look lils hand and said, "Put 



irried all 
;ix thousaod dirhams. My grandfather Abil Quhafa 
ht came to call on us saying that he thought that AbO 
1 diAiculty by taking ofF ail hU money. 1 tDld him that 



thc 






t 'Abdu'1-Rahman h, Malik b. jia*siiuni toki him 

is uncle Sur-qa h. Malik ],. |uVhum: 'When the 

jstle migrated (Jur., , th , , 1 I ],ihj l,,n„l, 1 ,11, 1 

I was sittuig 11, | t 1 J 



who would bring him 





reforashortwhile;then 




rse to he got ready, for it 


of the valley. 


Thcn I asked for my 


from the back 


of the room. Then I tc 



The Life of Muhamnw 







me and I put it in my quiver and went back. I kept quiet ; ' 
sffairunfilwhentheii i i > i i» tin J»l»i 

Hunayn I went out to give him the dooiment and I met him in al-Ji'rana. 2 

'I got among a squadron of the Ansar caialry and they began to beat 
me with their spears, saying, "Be off wilh you ; what on earth do you want ?" 
However, I got near to the apostle as be sat on his camel and his shank 
in his stirrup looked to me hke the trunk of a palm-tree. 1 lifted my hand 
with the document, saying what it u as and i. 1 iat my name uas. He said "It 
is a day of repaying and goodness. Let him come near." So I approachtd 
hini aiul accepled Islam. Then I remembered something that I wanted 
to isk him. All I can rememher now is that I said "Sttay camels used to 
come to my cistern which I kept f„ll for iuy own cameis. Shall 1 get a 
reward for haiing let them have water ?" " Yes," he said, "for watering 
every thiisty creature there is a reward." Then I retumed to my people 
and brought my alms to the apnstle' (274). 

Tticir guidc, 'Ahdullah b. Arqat, took them below Mecca; then along 
,j the shore until he crossed the road below "Usfan; then below Amaj; then 
after passing Qudayd by 11.0 ..tn.iyyatu'1-Marra to 

Lt"qf (275). 

H t L t k- of Liqf then down to Madhjatu 

Mahai (27(1), thcri pasl Marjiii Mal.iai, tk-ri dmiii lu V 

Ghadwayn (2771, th 1 ill ' I . I, , I ln 11, 

al-Ajrad tl.cn [.Sl.fi Sal.im i.t thtt vallei of A'da', the waterhole of Ta'hin, 
(278), then by way of al-Fijja (270). Then he took 






to Med 



Tlit Li/e uf Mukammad 



wal at high nooi 



1 I .1 t 



the people crowded round hin 
ntil thc shade left him and Ahi 
him from the sun, and then wi 



The apostle, so they say, stayed with Kulthum b 
B. 'Amr b. 'Auf, one of the B. 'Ubayd. Others sa 
b. Khaythama. Thosc who assert the former say that 



hacl.cln 
ofthe t 



id thal 



:d the apostle's companiott 



tachelors) th 



th of the matter. 

Ahu Bakr stayed with Khubayb b. Isaf, one of the B. al-Harilh I... al- 
Khairrajinal-Sunb. Somc say it iv:,s with K: 
brother of the B. al-rrlarith. 

'Ali stayed in Mccca lor three days and nights until he had restored the 
deposits which the apostle held. This done he joined the apostle and jl 
lodged with him at Kidlliiim'» hcusc. Ilc stayed in Quba' only a night or 
two. He used to say thiii in Quha' thcrc uas an unmarried Muslim woman 
ill the middle of the night 



thing. Hefeltver; 



<ofhil 



id hc ii. 



>ld him that thc man was Sahl b. Hunavf b. WShib who knew th: 
rs all alone and he used to hrcak up the idols of his tribe at night an 



:d in Iraq wl 



with 1.1 



Hind b. Sa'd b. Sahl b. Hunayf 



The apostle stayed in Qubi' among B. 'Amr b. 'Auf from Monday to 
Thursday and then he laid thc foundation of his mosque. Then God 
brought him out from them on thc Friday. The B. 'Amr allege that he 
stayed longer with them, and God knows the tiuth of the matter. Triday 
prayer found the apostle among B. Salim b. 'Auf and he prayed it in the 
mosque which is in the bottom of the Wadi Rantina'. This was the nrst 
Priday prayer that he prayed in Medina. 

TtbSn b. Mslit and 'Ahbas b. 'Ubada b. Nadla with some of B. Salim 
b. 'Auf came and asked him to live with them and enjoy their wcallb and 
|;-iitec:ioii, but he said, 'Let her go her way,' t'[ir lus caniel wuw uilihT 
God's orders; so they let her go until she came to the home of B. Bayada, 
where he was mtl i i ".uwa b. 'Amr with some of their 

clansmen. They staee 1 i i iiini ind mct with the same reply. 

The same thing happened with B. Sa'ida when Sa'd b. 'Ubada and 
!« al-Mundhir b. 'Amr invited him to stay; and with B. T-Harith b. al- 
Khazraj represented by Sa'd b.al Zayd and 'Abdullah 

b. Rawiha ; and with B. ' Adiy b. al-Najjar (who wcre his nearest maternal 
rclarives ihc- mutlier of ' Abdtt' ocing one of their 

womcn), bernt; ieprese[ilcd by Salit b. Qays and Abu Salit and Usayra b. 
Abu Kharija. Finally the camel came to the home of B. Malik b. al-Najjar 
when it knelt at the donr of his mosque, which at that time was used as a 
-iiaiut of B. al-Najjar 
of B. Malik clan, who were under the protcction of Mu'adh b. 'Afra', 
Sahl and Suhayl the sons of 'Amr. When it knelt the apostle did not alight, 
and it got up and went a short distance. The apostle left its rein free, not 

knelt at nrst am kiull r n. It shook tself and lay eshausted with 

its chest upon the ground. The apostle ahghted and Abii Ayyub Khalid h. 
Zayd took his baggage into thehousc (T. The Ansar invited him to stay with 
them, hut he said 'A man (srays) with his haggage) 1 and the apostle stayed 
with liim. Whcn he asked to whom the date-store belonged Mu'5dh b. 
'Afra' told him that the owners were Sahl and Suhayl the sons of 'Amr who 
were orphans in his care and that he could take it for a mosque and he 
would pay the young men for it. 
[7 The apostle ordered that a mosque should bc built, and he stayed with 
Ahu Awiih Lir.til ihe ni.is.[;ie aml liis houses were completed. The 
apostle joined in the work to encourage the Muslims to work and the 
. iircd hard. One of the Muslims rhymed: 
worked 



The Life of Muhammad 
There's no life but the life of the nejtt worl 
jostle used to sing it in the form 



Thcrr. 



God, h; 
ir b. Yasi. 



: life of the next world. 



mercy on the muhajiru 



I i ii 1 i i I i ii ii 

saymg, tney are killing me. They load me with burdcns they 
carry themselves.' Umm Salama the prophet's wife said; I saw 
apostle run his hand through his hair— for he was a curly-haired m 
and say 'Alas Ibn Sumayya! It is not they who will kill you but a wi 



Andot 



at labours night and day 
3sques of brick and'clay 



(!&!.) 



d 'AmtnSr Icarned it and began to chant it. 

Vh. n he ptrsisled in it one of the propbet's companions thought that 
rashe who was reterred to in it i,ci.,iuiisi> t> v,::a: X:i.i,i h. ' V:„|,iil,i!: 
-.iinedtheman. 1 
le said: T have heard what you have been saying for a long time, 
i Sumayya, and by God I think l'll hit you on the nose!' Now he had a 3; 
k in !us ii:;iid ynd the apostle was angry and said, 'What is wrong 
iveci> tIn.Mii and 'Ammar? He invites them to Paradise while they 
ite bim to hell. 'Ammar is as dear to me as my own face. If a man 

iiifvji. b. '1'yayna mentioned on the authority of 2akariya from 
>ha'bi that the iirst man to build a mosqu. v 

'Ite :inn.-tli lived in Abu Ayyub's house until his mosque and dwelling- 
sck wcrc buih ; then hi: iemoved to his own quarters. 

h. Abu llal , 1 1 I I 1 \i milrom Abu 

■ !d rm- ihn Ahĕ Ayjub ;ol:.l hj:::: 'Wh.n ilu apusr!, 

ic l.i l.-.kn . iii; me ir nn liiiu»,- li-.e iccupied the ground floor, while 

id r-iirn Ayeuh weie iili.iei:, I said to him, "O prophet of God, you 



2 3 


The Life of Muhammad 






aredeart 


o me as my parents, and I am distressed 


thal I should 


be abovc 


and yo-j 






ge places 


with us." 


He replied: "O Abu Ayyub, it is rnorc 




.. 








" Sowe 


remaincd 


as we were. Once we broke a jar ut v,.H<. 


and Umm Ayyub and 


I took on 


of our gnrments to mop up the water in 






on the apostle and cause him annoyance. We had t 


o cloth wlnch 


wecould 


'We us 




d it to him. 


Whenhe 


retumed 


«hat was left, Umm AyyOb and I used 


otouchthes 


pot where 


his hand 


i II :'r,.i:i that in the hopc of gaining a 


blessing. 


One nigh 


we prepared for him onions or garlic anc 


■ 






, | ■ : .. m i,i aome :.nx 






r practice and that this time there was n 


mark of his 






that he had perceived the smell of the \ 










eatthcm. 


So we ate 


the dish and never sent him onions again.' 




Theen 


igrants foUowed one another to join the 


l.p,.,:!.-. :.„. 


" ' 



Ieft ir, 






ne together cncept the I 



uilcl. ' 



irom B. Jumah; the B. Jahsh D. Kiao, allies or D. umayya; nui uii; i 
Bukayr from B. Sa'd b. Layth, allicsof R. 'Adiy b, Ka'b- Thcr houscs 
r^cca v.,-,v loeked up whcii they migrated, leavm E no inhabitant. 

When the B. Jahsh gave up their housc AbQ Sutyan .vl-.ii sn.i suld il 
'Amr b. 'Alqama brothcr of B. 'Amir b. Luayy, When tht- uwncrs lnai 
of this 'Abdulkh b. Jahsh told the aposllc of it. in.t he rcplicd 'Arc y< 
not pieased that God will give you a better housc in Paradisc '■' An.i wlu 

" " " tca Abij Ahmad spoke to him about their house ; and tl 
is reply. Peoplesaid to him, 'The apost 
of your property which you lost ir 




■ 



his uua, 






.llowing year ur 
liis tnbe ot the A,: I .uid every house of the AnsJr 

;cepted Islam except Khatma, Waqif, Wa'il, and Umayya who were the 
us Allah, a clan of Aus who clung to their heathenism. 
The Eut address which the apostle gave according to what I heard on the 



The Life of Mukammad z 3 i 

authority of Abu Salama b. 'Abdu'1-Rahman — God save me from attri- 
buting to the apostle words which he did not say— was as follows: he 
praised and glorined God as was His due and then said: O men, send 
tbrward- (good works) for yourselves. You know, by God, that one of 
you may be smitten and will leave his flock without a shephetd, Then his 

him from Him — Did not My apostle come to you with a message, and did 
not I give you wealth and show you favour ? What have you sent forward 
for yourself? Then will he look to right and left and see nothmg; he will 
look in front of him and see nothing but hell. He who can shield his face 



cannot nnd that then with a good word ; for the good deed will be 
tenfold yea to twice seven hundred fold.' Peace be upon you s 
mercy and blessing. 

Then the apostle preached on another occasion as follov, 
belongs to God whom I praise and whose aid I implore. We take 
1 ns and from the evil of ou 









Ie leads as 



.ardcd 



n God 



dbutHealone,Hei 
Knest speech is the Book of God. He to whom God has made it seem 
glorious and made him enter I il i.as chosen it above 

all other speech of men, doth prosper. It is the hnest speech and the most 
penetrating. Love what God loves. Love God with all your hearts, and 
weary not of the word of God and its mention. Harden not your hearts 
from it. Out of everything that God creates He chooses and selects ; the 
actions He chooses He calls kkira ; the people Ile chooses He calls mustafd; 
and the speech He chooses Hc call» ullih. r . Tjra etra . Ihing that is brought 
to man there.is the lawful and the unlawful. Worship God and associate 3' 
naught with Him; fear Him as He ought to bc feared; Carry otlt loyally 
towards God what you say with your mouths. Love one another in ihe 
spirit of God. Yerily God is angry when His covenant is broken. Peace 



in which hc made s 



locument concerning the cmigrants and the helpers 
iendly agreement with the Jcws and established them 
heir property, and stated the reciprocal obligations, 
.e of God the Compassionate, ihe Mercihil. This is i 






number and shall redeem 



ThlUjcojM 
i joined them and laboured with them. They ar 
i) to the eaclusion of all raen. The Ouraysh emi| 
"l pay the bloodwit within 
rs with the kindness and j 



ig bdievt 

The B. 'Auf according to their present custom shal! pay the bloodwit 
they paid in heathenism ; every section shall redeem its prisoners with the 
kindness and justice common among be]ievers. The B. Si'ida, the B. 
'l-Harith, and the B, Jusham, and the B. al-Najjar likewise.' 
The B. 'Amr h. 'Auf, the B. al-Nabit and the B. aU'Aus likewise." 
Believers shall not leave anyone destitute among them hy not payitlg 
l his redemption money or bloodwit in kindness (283}. 

A believer shall not take as an ally the rretdman of anothcr Muslim 
against him. The God-fearing believen> shall be against the rebellious or 
" >n between 



. 






tection is one, the least of them may give . 
behajf. Believers are friends one to the other to the eiclusion of outsidets. 
To the Jew who tollows ua belong help uid equality. He shall not be 
wronged nor sball his enemies be aided. The peace of the believers is 
indivisible. No separate peace shall be made when be!ievers arc righting 
in the way of God. Conditions must be fair and equitable to all. In every 
foray a rider must take another behind him. The believers must awnge 
the blood of one another shed in the way of God. The God-fearing 
believers enjoy the best and most upright guidance. No polytheist 1 shall 
take the property or person of Quraysh under his protection nar shall he 
intervene against a believer. Whosoeyer is convicted of killing a believcr 
without good reason shall be subject to retaliation unless the neict of kin 
is satisfied (with blood-moncy), and thc believers shall be against him as 
one man, and they are bound to take action against him. 

Itshallnotbelawhiltoabeli,- s in this document 

and believes in God and the last day to help an e^il-doer 4 or to shelter him. 
The curse of God and His anger on the day of resurrcction will be upon 
him if he does, and neither repentance nor ransom 1 will be received from 
him. Whenever you differ about a matter it must bc referred to God and 

The Jews shall contribute lo thc cost of war so long as they are nghting 






alongstde the be!ieven 
the believers (the Jew 



Thtlijto}. 

i. The Jews of the B. ' Auf are one community with 
ir religion and the Muslims have theirs), 
is except those who behave unjustiy and 
sinfully, for they hurt but themsehes and their Jamilies. The same applies 
to the jewa of the B. al-Najjir, B. al-Harith, B. Sa'ida, B. Jusham, B. 3 < 
al-Aus, B. Tha'laba, and the Jafna, a clan of the Tha'laba and the B. 
al-Shutayba. Loyalty is a protection against treachery.' The freedmen of 
Tha'labaare «sthemsekea. Theclose friends*of the Jews are as themselves. 
None of thcm shall go out to war save with the permission of Muhammad, 
but he shall not be prevented from taking revenge for a wound. He who 
slays a man without warning slays himself and his household, unless it be 
one who has wronged him, for God will accept that. The Jews must bear 
their expenses and the Muslims their eicpenses. Each must help tht other 
against anyone who attaeks the people of this document. They must seek 
mutual advice and consultation, and loyaltyis a protection against treachery. 
A man is not liable for his ally's misdeeds. The wronged must be helped, 
The Jews must pay with the believers so long as war lasts, Yathrib shall 
be a sanctuary for the people af this document. A stranger under pro- 
tection shall be as bis host doing no harm and committing no crime. A 
woman shail only be given protection with thc consent of her family. If 
any dispute or controversy likely to cause trouble should arise it must be 
relerred to God and to Muhammad the apostle of God. God accepts 
what is nearest to piety and goodness in this document. Quraysh and their 



U> help or 






lims it must be ca 
: shall have his pc 



same standing with the people of this document 
people of this document (284). 

Loyalty is a protection against trcachery: I 



If they are callcd to 
so; and if they makc a similar 
ied riut encept in the case of a 
ion fmm tlie sidc to Khtcll he 
Imen and themselrai lutre the 
ire loyalty from the 



y: He who acquires aught 1< 
tiod approves 01 ttus documcnt. This deed Will 
md liiL- sinni-r. Tht nian whn goes forth to frght 
at hnmc in thc city' is safe unless hc has hccn 
is the «mlt-ctur i>f thc good and God-fearing man 
ipostle of God. 



en his fe]Iow emigrants and the 
hcipers, and he said accorditlg to what I have heard — and I appeal to 
God lest I should attribute to him words thar he did not say- 'I.cr each 
of you take a brother in God,' He himseU" fook 'Ali by the hand and said, 
1 1 insis m. btother.' So God's apostlc, thc lord of thc scnt ones and leader 
of the God-fearing, apostle of the Lord of the worlds, the peerless and 
unequalled, and,'Ali b. Abu Talih became hrothers. Hamza, the lion 
of God and the lion of his apostle and hts uncle, became the brother of 
Zayd b. Haritha the apostle's freedman, To him Hamza gave his last 

meet his death. Ja'far b Abu 1 ilil i i nngs who was to 

fly in Paradise— and Mu'adh b. Jabal brother of B. Salama became 
brothers (285). 






-J thus: 



Abu Bakr and Kharija b. Zuhavr brother of IJ. '1-I.Iarith b. al-Khazraj 
'Umar and 'Itban b. Malik brother of B. Salim . . . b. a!-Khazraj. 
Abu 'Ubayda, 'Amir b. 'Abduliah and Sa'd b. Mu'adh b. a]-\u'm3n 
Abdu'1-Rahman b. Auf and Sa'd b. al-Eabi' brother of B. al-Harith. 

y that he Hnsi-i! i.p 1™ ' \I-J,i![ah :- 



M.is' 






'Uthman b. 'Affan and Aus b. Thabtt b. al-Mundhir brothcr of B. 
al-Najjar. Talha b. 'UbayduIIah and Ka'b b. Milik brother of the B. 
Sakma. 

Sa'd b. Zayd b. 'Amr b. Nufayl and Ubayy b. Ka'b brother of the B, 
al-Najjar. 

Mua/ah b. 'Umayr and Abii Ayyiib Khalid b. Zayd brothcr of thc B, al- 
\an;]r \iiCi 1 liulliai iii h. I tba and 'Abbad b. Bishr b. \Yaqsh, brnilici ..!" 
thc B. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal. 

'Ammar b. Yasir ally of the B. Makhzum aod Hudhayfa b. a]-Yam5n 
brother of B. 'Abdu 'Abs ally of the B. 'Abdul Aslilml. (Otlicrs say that 
Thabit b. Qays b. al-Shammas brother of the B. al-Harith b. al-Khazraj 
the prophet's orator and 'Ammir b. Yasir.) 

Abu Dharr, Burayr b. Junada al-Ghifari and al-Mundhir b. 'Amr, 
stened to his deatli', hrolher of B, SiTiila of al-Khazraj 



(z86). 

I.hlrih b. Aln-i Balta'a, ally of B, Asad b. 
b. Sa'ida brother of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf. 

Salman the Persian and Abu'1-Darda' 'Un 
B. al-Harith (287). Some say 'Uwaymir was 

Bilal freedman of Abii Bakr and the apostle 



'Abdu'l-Tzza anj Twaym 

lymir b. Tha'laba brothcr of 
he son of 'Amir or of Zayd. 

imic/inandAhii Runayiia 1 



Tfn Life of Mahmmad 

i'1-Rahman al-Khath'amt, more precisely oi 



ap„sllc 



his companions brothers. 
ir compiled the registers 

. He asked him 



Syria Bilal 



1 will nevcr lcave him, for the 
apostle established brotherhood between us.' So hc was ImkcJ with lnni 
and the register of the Abyssinians was linked with Khath'am because of 
BilaTs position with them, and this arrangement continues tD this day tn 



which the mosque was b< 



'Abdullah b. Abi 
authority of Yahya 
that the apostle sa 
The Jews and t' 
his companion 1 

'Aaim b. 'Umarb. Qatada al- Ansari tuiu ,,re u,a, «..«. ™^ „...„..- „.„. 
the B. al-Najjar came to the apostlc, for Abu Umamawastheirleader, saying 
that he held the high rank the apostle kncw of and would he appoint some- 
one from among thcm to act in his placc ; to which the apostlc replicd, ' 1 n 
are my maternal tmcles, and we belong together so I wi!l be your leader.' 
The apoetle did not want to prefer any one of them to the others. Hence- 
forth the B. al-Najjar regarded themselvcs as highly hortoured in having 
the apostle as their leader. 



:r fron, 



,1,(1-,.. 



When the apostle was nrmly 

Islamlbecarne Srmly estahlished 
fasting were prcscribed, legal p 
permittcd prescribed, and Islam 
clan ofthehelperswho'havctakc 
and in the faith'.' Whe 
him for prayer at the ap 
theapostle fl» 
summon to prayer. Aftc 



1 



Meanwhile 'Abdullah b. Zayd b. Tha'laba b. 'Abdu Rabbilii brother of 

ii a voice in a dream, and came to the apostle saying: 

Mlud me irt the night. There passed by me a man wearing 



s "Allah A 

God but Allah I bear witness that Muhammad is the apostle of God. 
Come to praycr. Ceune to praycr. Cumc to divine service.' Come to 

When tht apostle was Kilel m" ihis he saiel that it was a true vision if God 
so «illetl it, and that he shoulJ t>o with Ril.il and ciiiiinumicale lt tn hirn 

When BilSi acted as muezzin 'Uraar heard h.m in his house and came 

pi scly thc same vision. The apostle said, 'God be praised for thatl' 
I wa5 told of this tradition by Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. al-Harith on 
authority of Muhammad b. 'Abdullah h. Zaj-d b. Tha'laba himself 



(288). 



mad b. Ja'far 



Xuhayr -oki m 



stretch his arms and say, 'O Gotl, I 

Ihat thcy may acrent thy iciniuiii.' 
for a single night. 



tority of 'Urwa 
lilal used to give the call trom 
awn. When he saw it he would 



When the apostle was established in his house and God had ma 
his rciiiii.jn tliL-rt-iji umi nujc lnm clad wjth the company of the oi 
nnj hclpcrs Aliu (Jays spoke the hjllowing vcrses (289). 

He was a man who had lived as a iiionk m hcathcn Javs and 
blackmantleofcaiiKl-h.ui- ghc» eip iAiIs, uashed liimsclf after in 
kcpt himself clean from wumen in their courses. He had tho 
adopting Christianity but gave it up and went into a housc of his an 



Ien 



The IJfe nf Muhammad 
it, allowing no unclean person to enter. He said 

u- I.ord of Abraham whcn hc absnelon.al iJrils aeirl 
beapiistlccameto Meelina hc heeainc a peind .\luslini. 
vho alwaya spoke the truth and gloriried God in pa 

some citcellent poetry and it was he who said: 

ju Qays when near to depart 



y, tlu- li 



ry behest 

n! (ioti, ai 



The preseryation 

If your people hold authority enyy them not, 

If you yourselves rule, be just. 

If a calunity betalls your people, 

Put yourse!ves in the front of your tribe. 

If a heavy duty falls on them help thcin 

And bear the burdens they put upon you. 

If you are poor, practise austerity. 

If you have money be generous with it (2130). 






in their n 









Him the Jews worship and rollow 

Every dreary custom you can think of.' 

Him the Christians worship and keep 

Y.\crx fcast nnd feri\jl to their Loid. 

His is the self-denying monk you see, 

A prisoner of miscry though ona- rijrht Illljtt^. . 

Be gencrous though they are mean.* 
Fear God in dealing with defenceless orphans 
Often the Forbidden is regarded as lawiul. 
Know rhat the orphan has an All-knowing prote( 
Who guldcs aright without bcing asked. 
Devour not the wealth of orphans, 



My sons, transgres 

Tr.m<.gi'cssing llic 



Abandon obscemty and ho 



Hc ahode among Quraysh some ten years 

Hoping for a fricnd to help him. 

He disptayed himself to those uho camc i 

But found none to orler him hospiljility. 

llllt whcn lic cami to us (in , I hi 

And h< ' 

Hefou 






ccased to long for h 
plainly helped by God. 1 
us what Nonh said to iiis peopk- 
tt Moses answerc-J «liii he was i 



Antl thost al 



lere is nought bcside God 
at God is the best guide, 
ly man that nghts Him, 



I say Blessed art Thou (Oft have I mentioned Thy na 
I say when I trayerse a land I fear 
'Metcyi I.et not my encniics triumph over mc* 
Go whcre you will dcath comes in many guiscs 
And you cannot live for ever, 

Unless he maltes God his protector. 

lllght for its owne: 
If it has moisturc, though he be dcad (201). 

^, inBumcc o£ Syrinc » ,n th. »01* itu ,„d ,„«,„„, ,, , J„r, „ 



The Lifs 0/ Muhammad 
(T. 'AJj b. Mujahid said on the authority of Muhammad b. Ish, 
al-2,uhri and from Muhammad b. Salih frnm al-Sha'bI that they bo 
The E, Isma'Il datcd from thc nre of Abraham to 
temple when Abraham and Isma'Il built it; then they dated b 
innkiinc 1 of thc temple until "* 



er people I. 

nained in Tihama of B. 






to date from the gotng out of 
m Tihamauntil Ka'bb. Lu'ayy 
,a'b to the elephant. The dating 
intil 'Umar b. al-Khattab dated 



died. Thentheyda 
from the Hijra whic 



About this time the Jewish rabb', . the apostle in envy, 3 

hatred, and malice, because God had chosen Hts apostle Irom the Arabs. 
They were joined by men from al-Aus and al-Khairij who had obstinately 
clung to their heathen religion. They were hypocrites, clinging to the 
polytheism of their fathers denying the resurrecdon; yet when Islam 
appeared and their people Aocked to it they were compelled to pretcnd 
to accept it tn s.i\ . 1 1 ],,,, Bitt i,i sccrct thcy wcrc hypomlcs whust 
inclination was towards the Jews because they considered the apostle a liar 
and slroci: against Islam. 

It was the Jewish rabbis who used to annoy the apostle with questtons 
and introduce confusion, so as to confound the truth wirli talsity. Thc 
Quran used to come down in reference to these questions of theirs, though 
some of the questions about what was allowcd and forbidden came from 
the Muslims themseWes. Thcsc are the names of those Jewsr 

From B. al-Nadir: Huvayy b. Akhtab and his brothers Abu Yasir and 
Judayy; Sallam b. Mishkam; Kinana b. al-Rabi' b. AbO'I-Huqayq; 
Sallam b. Abu'l-Huqayq Abu fiafi' al-A'w a i v.hnm thc apostk's cn:„- 
panions killed in Khaybar; al-Rabi' b. al-Rabi' h. Abvj'l-Hiiqayq; 'Amr 
b. Jahhash; Ka'b b. al-Ashraf who belonged to Tay', of the clan of B. 
NabhSn, his mother being from B. al-Nadir; al-Hajjij b. <Amr, an ally of 
Ka'b; and Kardam b. Qays, an ally of Ka*b. 

From B. Tha'laba b. al-Fityaun: 'Abdull 






k Hijast in Torah st, 



S Ihn 



Saluba; and Mukhayriq their r 

From B. Qaynuqa': Zayd b. al-Lasit (291); Sa'd b. Hunayf; Mahmud 
b. Sayhan;'Uzayrb. Abu'Uzayr;and Abdullahb. Sayf(2Q2). Suwayd b. 3 
al-Harith; Rifa'a b, Qays; Finhis; Ashya'; Nu'man b. Ada; Bahrty b. 



240 The Life oj Muhammad 

■Amr; Sha's b. 'Adiy; Sha's b. Qays; Zayd b. al-Hirith ; Nu'man b. 'Amr; 

Sukaynb. A5.fi Kukayn; 'Adlv b, Zayit; Wmaii i>. Aliii Auf.l ; Ahii Anas; 
Mahmiid b. Dahya; Malik h. Savf 0,3). K:,'!. I,. 'nsliid; 'Aznr; Riin' 
b. Abu Rafi'; Khalid \/:n ,,. i|„i \, ;11 - ( 2Q+ ). R 5 fi' b. Harirha; Rafi' b. 
Huraymik; Rlfi' b. Kharija; Milik b. 'Auf; Rifa'a b. Zayd b. a]-T8bflt 
'AbJuilah b. Saiiini h. s.M.llriili : ivlm was ::,v : ;' ral.hi ■ind r.iust icariui] 
man, His name was al-Husayn. The apostle named him 'Abdullah when 
he accepted Islam. 

From B. Qurayza: al-Zubayr b. Bati b. Wahb; 'Azz8l b. Shamwil; 
Ka'b b. Asad responsible on behalf of his tribe for the agreement which was 
broken in the year of the Parties; Shamwil b. Zayd; Jabal b. 'Amr b. 
Sukayna; al-Nahh,iiri b. /..:■., I: (J.ir.l.i.iii I. K:i'h; «■il.li h. Zayd; Nah' b. 
Abu Nifi' ; Abii Nafi' ; 'Adiy b. Zayd ; al-T-Iirith b. 'Auf ; Kardam b. Zayd ; 
1 "siijur. b. I.Iabib; Rafi' b. Rumayla; Jabal b. Abu Qushayr; Wahb h. 



FromB. Zurayq: La 
that he could not com. 
From B. Haritha: K 
B. 'Amr b. 'Auf: Qa 
From B. al-Najjar: i 
These were the Jew 






- 



:wi.tched the aposile of 






ie story of 'Abdullah b. Salam, a learncd rulihi, hy i.n 
family. He said ; ' When 1 heard about the apostle [ knew by ius < 
tion, name, and the time at which he appeared that he was thc 
wcre waiting for, and I rejoiced greatly thereat, though I kcpt siier 
it until the apostte came to Medina. When he stayed in Quba' a. 



of a palm-tree and my aunt Khilida d. al-Harith was 
I heard the news 1 cried Alkh Akbar and my aunt s; 
if you had heard that Moses b. Tmran had comc you 
more tuss!" "Indeed, aunt," I said, "he is the brother 
his religion, being sent with the same mission." She 



.«rkingat 




The Li/e o/ Muhammad 24, 

the prophet who we haye been told will be scnt at this vety time?" and 
she accepted my assurance that he was. Straightway I went to the apostle 
and became a Muslim, and when I returned to my house I ordered my 
family to do the same. 

T concealcd the matter from the Jews, and then went to the apostle 
and said, "The Jews are a nation of liars and I wish you would take me into 
one of your houses and hide me from them. Then ask them about me so 
that they may tell you the position I hold among them before they know 
that I have becomc a Muslim. For if they know it bemrehand they will 
utter slanderous lies against me." The prophct housed me ; thc Jews came ; 
and the apostle asked them about my standing among them. They said: 
"He is our chief, and the son of our chief ; our rahbi, and our lcarned man." 
Whcn thc\ saiil this 1 cmer K ed and said: "O Jews, fear God and accept 
what He has sent you, For by God you know that he is the apostle of God. 
You will nnd him described in your Torah and even named. I testiry 
that he is the apostle of God, I believe in him, I hold him to be true, and 
I acknowledge him." They accused me of lying and reviled me. Then I 31 
reminded the apostk that I had said that they would do this, for they 
icly proclaimed my 
conversion and my household and my aunt Khalida Mlowed suit.' 



F MUKHAYRlCJ 






;. Hc 1 



property in 
:ognized the aposde by his description and his own leaming, a 
ielt a predilection for his religion 1 until on the day of ITiud, whicii ft-ll 1111 
the sabbath, he reminded the Jcws that they were bound to help Muham- 
mad. They objected that it was the sabbath. '.Mny vnu haw nu sahbnth,' 2 
he answered, and took his weapons and joined tbe apostle in Uhud. His 
parting testimony to his people was: 'II I am killed today my property is 
to go to Muhammad to use as God shtms liini.' Hc v.as i,i]led in the baitle 
that Mlowed. I am told that the apostle used to say 'Mukhayriq is thc bcst 
of thc Jews.' The apostle took over his property and all the alms he 
distributed in Medina came trom it. 



'Abdulkh b. Abii Bakr b. Muhammad b. 'Amr b. Hazm to 

was told that Safiya d. Huyayy b. Akhtab said T was the f; 

of my father and rn. unck- llni Yasir. When I was J 

iH.ticc 11; ihcil nil;v: chikllcll. Wllcll thc ajiosilc was slaiiai; 1:1 (.Jlilli 

with the B. 'Amr b. 'Auf, thc two went to see him beforc ila> brcak and rli 

not return until after nightfa!l, weary, worn out, dmoping and feeblt 






" And v, hat do you feel about him r" "By God I shall be his en 



The following hypocrites' fmiri al-Aus anii al-Khazraj joincd tht- Jrws 
according to inrormation given me. God knows bcst about Ihi tnith. 
From Aus of the section of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf h. Malik iif :hc subdmsin.i 

lnl \inrh \n1 W b. al-Haritb Krnn, II, Huliaih h. 'Amr 

■ al-Harith. Julaswas 



wilkdrH 






in the r 



of tbem, wiiii was clnsely relareil to Julas, be lia.inc; niarru-d ],is mothrr 
altci his father's death, Kporttd what he had said to the apostle. But 

to tipset you ; but you havc said words which if I rcpeat them I shall bring 
shame upon you, and if I keep silence E shall bring my rcliginn iuti. pcnl. 
One is prcfcrable to the other.' Then he went to tbe upostle and tnld him 
what Julis had said. Julas swore by God that he had not said the words 
attributed to him by 'Umayr. And God sent down conccriiiiig hlm: 
'They swear by God that they did not say, when lliey did aoually s:,\, 

They planned what they could not carry out and thcy h.nl nnthins; 10 
avenge but that God and His apostle had enriched them by His boimty. 
T tht-y repent it will he better for them; and if they turn back God will 
afflict them with a painful punishrnent in this world and the next, In this 
world they have no friend or helper' (295). 1 
;6 It is alleged that he repcntcd and was knnwn to be a good Muslim. 
Hisbrothcr al llu il bokil I ' I > „\,d al-Balawi and 

Qays b. Zayd one of B. Dubay'a .11 Uiud, wcnt out witii the Musbms. Hc 
■;.:.- ;i livp,icr;te, j.r.--l wK-n hattle was joined he fell upon t]:eM.' t;vn ituni. 
killed them, and ailachcd liimsell li. (Juraysh(2 9 6). 

Muadhb ^rrii' killnl S li h I I i tbere was no war. 

The apostle— so thc\ sav— bad oulcrcil Tmar ni kill liim if hr coulJ 
get hold of him, but he escaped and got to Mecca. Then he sent to his 
hrother Julas asking for forgiveness so that he might return lu liii pcople. 



The Life of Muhatnmad 243 

God sent down concerning him according to what I have heard on the 
authority of Ibn 'Abbas: 'llow can God guide a people uho have dis- 
bclicvcd alter liaiiiii; i.rliiwcd nr.d citncssed that the apostle is true and 
sure proofs have come to them from God. God does not guide a sinful 

From B. Pubay'a b. Zayd b. Malik b, 'Auf b. 'Amr b. 'Auf: Bijad b. 
'Uthman b. 'Amir. From B. Laudhanb. 'Amr b. 'Auf: Nablal b. :,i- Htirith 
' 'l,'Whoevc, 






h. al-Harith!' Hc was a 



he had said to the hypocrites. It was he who said: 'Mul 
ears: if anyone tells him anything he believes it.' God sent r 
ing him: 'And of thcm are those who annoy the prophet an 
ears. Say: Good ears for you. He belieces in God and trust 
and is a mercy for those of you who belieyc ; and thosc V 
apostle of God for them there ts a painful punishmcnt." 

Amanof B.a!-' \;l.„i i„ld mc tliat hc was told that Gabri 
apostle and said. 'Tliere comes ti, sit with you a black n 
rlowing hair, ruddv eliLcks, and intlainei! cvls iike two cop 
heartn is more tri hini i I -i ■. \.n t s I 

crites, so beware of him.' This. so thev sav. waa tbe , 
Nabtal. 



from B. Duhay'a was Al 



Qushayr. It was tli.ist tv 



al-Dirar; Tha'laha b. Il.itib; i 



;.,-,.„ 


ly about G 




lldnotbe 


They s 


c- 




ntext. Itw 


s hc who said o 












wc shall enjoy t 




of CI.OS 












■y!" So God 




him: 'And 








■itll h. 


l.lalib 1.21,7 


s apostlc ha\e p 


romisedusr 


othing b 


ta 






ofSahl,andBa 










ueofaI-pir 


r. Ainl 'Amr b. 


Khidham and 'Abdu 





The Life nf Muhammsd 
jjammi'. They w 



id eollcctcd iini,; of tlie (Jliri 



hypocrites 



. But I * 



eofal-Dira 



' Ilcrcplic.l: 'HyCii 






,.i th. i-i 



■ ■ 



i i I. • hi 
: B. Umayya 1: 



■ Mllill; \ 






' * taccoitnttbeygave. ineyauege 

!'a b. ThSbit, one of the builders 
re only ralking and jcsting.' So 
God sent down: 'II' yn.i ask thcm tiit-j ivill biv k were only talking and 
jesting. Kay: Is it about God and His signs and His apostle you were 

iii r.ithc cndof the passage. 

Of B. Uhayd b. Zayd b. Mslik: Khidhim b. Khalid, froi 
the mosquc of al-Dirar was carietl out; and Bishr and Rah" rhe two 
sonsofZayd. 

Of B. al-Kabit(2<)8)of thcclan of B. HSritliab al-Hdritli I. il-Mt ' | 
!;, 'Ainr h. Malik b. al-Aus: Mirba' b. Qayziwhosaid to the apostlc when 
he passed through his garden on his way to 
Muhammad to pass through mi irarttYn ci 
took a handful of dirt and said: 'By God, if 

thrmi ii „i; orh. rs I wouii! t! ■■'.'■ thin d.rt at you.' The peoplc prcss 
him to kill him and the apostk said 'Lct inrn li i i M 

is blind of heart and blind of perceplion'. Sa'd b. Zayd brothcr 
'Abdu'1-Ashhal hit him with his how atld wounded him; n 1 -' his 
,9 Aus b. Qayzi, who said to the apostle on the day of thi Trcncli: 
'■miiscs lie open to the encmy, so give tis leavc to go btick ro tbcm 
<:,„<} r.ctslcUonccrningliitn: "1'lit-j say Otir houscs lieopen to the ei 
They arc not open; all they want is to run away' (290).' 

Of B. Zafar <Zafar's nime was Ka'b b. l[ "=-=*> 
rmnwa b. R;ifi'. 1 1 r iv.is a sturdy old 1 
A son of his was one of the best of thc Mushms, I 
disiblcd by wounds rcceived at Uhud and was can 
B. Zafar. 

'Ysim li. '1 marb. Qatada told me that thc Mtisli 
■..nrora oiithercd t„ him nhcn !,;• uas at thc point nf death ana weresnyi. 
'Ucioicc, O snn of HStih, in the thought of paratlisc!' Thcn ins hypoc, 
sl-owctl tlsclt. for liis f;ill;.T said. 'Ili.mph! lij Gml it is t> gardcn of r 
You luiv, scnt this prair fellmv 10 l,is ik-atl, liv vt.nr dcccptton.' 

M-.„ Hishair h. '. biu-r,.., Ahii Tiim;.. ■;:,■ 'Sical. i- o! ,h,- l-.to lirc: 
platcs' conccmine vj,„,, : Go.l scnt tlonn: 'An.l mmic not on behall 



teepcd long in 



house of thc 
both men and 



of the B. Zafar. Th: Mnslim., said, 'Clic 

lc i:.;lkii:Ii; tn.la. iri.l co':; ■ 
'\Yliv slniuld I chccr up? I fought only 



' ■ 



„ thc. 



except al-Dahhak b. Thibi 
Zayd. Hc was suspected of 
Hassan b. Thabit said of 



for God's sakc' 

becamc unendurable he tDok an arrow 
his tiand and thus committed suicide. 
hypocritc malc or f 



I. Ka'b of th 



, jiiJi,,., 



i ,hi Jcn 



mily of Sa 



Who will tell al-Dahhak that his vein 
Were unable to be glorincd in Islam? 
Do you love thc Jews of al-IIij5z and 



I liave lietirj thut befotc his repentance Julas together with Mu'attib, 
Rafi', and Bishr uscd to make false profcssion of Islam. J Some Muslims 
asked them to go 10 thc apostk u, ettle a matter in diBpute between them, 
while thcy n-anted to refer k to the kahins who acted as arbitrators ln the 
pagan era. So God sent down concerning them : 'Hast thou considered 

and wlrit n as scn! down bc-lorc tltce v.hii ,visl: 10 g u m tdtihlry f„r arbitrti- 
tion when they have bcen commandcd to give up belief in it ? Satan wishes 
to lead them far astray.'* 

Of Khazraj from B, «1-NajjSr; Rafi' b. Wadi'a, Zayd b. 'Amr, 'Amr 
b. Qays, and Qays b. 'Amr b. Sahl. 

Of B. Jushitm of the clan of B. Salima; al-Jidd b. Qays who said, 'O 
Muhammad, give me leave (10 stay at home) and tempt me not.' So God 
sent down concerning him: 'Of thcm is he who says, Give me leave (to stay 
it itlt not. Surely it is into tcmptatirm that thcy havc 
jmpasses the unbcliwcrs.' 1 

Of B. 'Auf b. al-Khazraj: 'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul. He was the 
Jtcad of thc hypocrites. Thcy used to gather ' ' 



fallen an 



Tfn, 



l;i::k to MoJ 









wi'l :irivc 



,' This 



nl-MustaIiq and tlte whole sura of the 



Hypocrites 1 

h Ahi-iOu 



The Lift ■ of Muhammad 



iuwayd and 
who se 



... ndfast, forl ■ ■ , ■ lii . 

go forth with you and we will ncver obey anyone a 
attacked we will help you.' So God sent down 
thou not considered the hypocrites who say to the 
ture folk, If you are dri — — ■ 



robeyat, 

God bears witn< 



,at tliey 



you are attacked we will help you. 



The mlloiy.ng ari thc Je\iish rabbis whu took rehjge in [slam along with 
the Muslims and hypocritically professed it: Ol ](. Qayimqi P : Ka'd b. 
Huiiayf; Zayd b. al-Lusajt; Nu man b. Aufa b. 'Amr; 'Uthman h. Auia; 
Zayd b. al-Lusayt who fought u irh 'I imr in thc market of the B. Qay- 
nuqa'. He was the man who said when the apustlc 1 ? camcl wandercd 
off: 'Muhammad alh 



• When 






enemy of Gixl had said and 

such-and-such a glen caught hy its rope to a tree.' Thc Muslims wcnl 

Also Rafi' b. Huraymtla of whom J have heard that tb< proyihct s.iicl, 
a 'One of the greati i t | , 1 1 , li ,1 1 1 'ml I'n,l, /hH, 

al-Taljilt ot whum thc prophct said nhcn thcre was a high wind as he was 
retuming from th litioi inst I, al Mus>tahq and the Muslims 

were in great ansicty: 'Don't be afraid; the wind is blowing beeause a 
erc.it unbclicccr is dead.' When he got back to Medina he found that 
Rifg'a hail uied the day thc wind blew. Also Silsila b. Barham and Kinana 

Thcsc hcjjocnlcs uscd tn asscmhlc m the mosuue and listen to the 
storics of thc Muslims aud Iauah and scoff at their rcligion. Whcn some 
of them* werc thcre one day the apostle saw thcm talkine with Itmercd 
coicc aniong iiicuisclves huddled together. He ordered thai l],,:v shiuiid 
be ejected and they were put out with some ciolcncc. Abu \vj f,h Khiilid 
b. Zayd b. Kulayb got up and went to 'Amr b. Qays, one o( B. Ghanm 



as the custodian of th« 



id dragged him forcib!y ou 



-!' (300). 









nt for Zayd b. 'Amr who had a long beard and seized 
it and dragged nim violently out of the mosque. Then clenching 
ht= runuhid Imii ui tho chcsi and knoeked him down, Zaytl cryine 
inwhile, 'You have torn my skin ofF!' 'God get rid of you, you 
;,-.'!. n :cnt than that in atore 

, so don't come near the apost!e's mosque againt' (301). 
Muhammad Mas ud b. Aus b. Zayd b. Asram b. Zayd b. Tha'laba 3< 

. Sahl who was a youth (the only j-oung man known to have been 

tIic ]ivpn,riu^l and pushed hmi iu ihe Eiack of the neck until he 

n of B. al-Khudra b. al-Khazraj of the family of Abu Sa'd called 
:ih h. al-H;lmh, ru-;iring the order tn clear the mosque, went for 
h b. 'Amr, a man with long hair, and taking a good grip of it he 
him violently thc whole way along the noor until he put him 
hypocrite meanwhile saying 'You are very rough, Ibnu'1-Harith.' 
.ou right, you enemy of God. for what God has scnt down about 
: answered, 'Don't come near the apostle's moBque again, for you 



Thatisi 






1 thr-re 



god-fearing\ i.e. those who fear God's punishment 3' 
rnjidance tbey recognize F and hope for \i\x nurcy 
thrmigh bdit-vmt, 111 wbat has coiiu- to them irom Him. 'Who believe 

them with,' i.c. tl 1 1 1 | 1 in lts pre^cribed form and pay the 






'And those who helieve 
re before thee, 



they believe thee to be true in what thou hast broughr fnmi GolI and uha: 
the sent ones brought before thee, making no ditTerence betwcen them rtor 
opposing whst they brought from their Lord. 'And are certain of the 
latter end,' i.e. the waking from death, the resurrectton, paradise and hell, 
the reckoning and thc scalcs, i.e. these are those who allege thur rlny bclicvc 
in what was before thee and in what has come to thee from thy Lord. 
'These live in guidance from their Lord,' i.e. according to light from thcir 
Lord and uprightiy aceording tn whar has come to them. These are they 
\iho prospei,' i l . uk. ;i(l:iln uli.it they scek ;md cscapc the cvil Lbey Hec 

theethoughthtt l i i i ■ to us bcfore thee, 

'it is all one to them whether thou warn them or do not tvarn them thcy 
will not believe/ i.e. they disbeheve that thou art mentioned (in the books) 
they have and they reject the covenant which was made with them with 
reference to thee. They disbcik'. 10 thcc and in what 

they have slreid\ \ ' i. l i .1 _ r 1 . ! in s. li illt 1 v listcii to 

warning and e\hm 11 1 -1 n ,1 , '. l tlic\ have denied that they haye 
any knowdedge of thee ? 'God hath scaled their hearts and their hearrng 
and avcr their sight there is a eovering,' i.e. so th.it they will ni:vcr tind 
guidance, meaning: because they have declared you a liar so that they will 
not believe in the truth which ' 






ivlv:„ic 



Ig tllCC 



ul punis 



'And there 
,vhen they do not t 



opposing th 
Thus far «mcerriing the Jewish rabbrs for . 



,'e beheve 



God ai: 



cl-.r ■-.-( .' I le means the hypoctites of 

. 'They would deceiie God and those who believe, 

is a sickness,' i,e. doubt. 'And God iiicr. ■ ■-, - .-..: -. 11. ■ .' ; 

3 'A painful pLinishment is theirs because they lie. And when it is said to 
them, 'Do not makc mischief in the land they say we are only putting 
things to right,' i.e. we only wish to make peace between t 
of ihc l,chevers and the scripture folk. God said- 'Are not tl 
■■■k.-IlillI majkera bul rjjej perceWe 1: noti And wbea u ls 
Bclicyc as the peoplc kehece tlicy s:,\ : Arc \ve to believe 
U lie\e- S:ire'.y they ,li,- liic k.L.lish hi:: ihcv i:r,.,\v 1: not. And when they 

their leaders," i.e. the Jeus uho ordcr tlrem 10 deny tlic trntli and t.mlra- 
dict what the apostle brought. Th.-\ sll\ Cerrairih ue are with you,' i.e. 
wc Liciw entuely with y:iu. \Vc wci-e onty mocking,' i.c. iiiockiiic :hc 
people and jcsting with them. God said: 'God will mock at them and let 
them continue to wander blindly in their error' {303). 



indeed the 



idance,' i.e. disbelief 

c not rigluly uiii.icd.' 

away tbeir light and 



unbelief and hypocris 



liihmcc, lIcliI". diinib, blind to what 



good, they rel 
ighlnintr. They p 



, i lc.r... ;.. 






;l, U,c\ 



mthei 






1 fear of death. He says: Ar.d 
God brings that vengeance upon them, i.e. He encompasses the un* 

belicycrs. 'The lightning almost takes away their sight,' i.c. becausc ottlic 
exceeding brightness of the truth. 'Whenever rt gives light to them they 
walk in n and whcn il is ikirk li. iheiii ihi y ;:.ui, siiil. i.c. thcv know the 
truth and talk about it and so far as their talk goes thcy are on the strarght 
path ; hut when they relapse from it into infidelity they come to a halt in 
bewilderment. \nil I V,.i 1 ■ i]l II ■' 1 vay their hearing and 

thcir sight,' i.c. hcciuisc they hini l.nsakcn the truth after they knew it. 
'God isahlc to do all things.' 

Then He says: 'O men, worship your Lord,' addressing borh imbclictTrs 
and hypocrites, i.e. acknowledge His unity. 'Who created 
before you, perchance you ma 
bed for you and the heaven a 
and has brought forth fruits th 
God when you know (better)' 



T cvil. Who has made the earth a 









nlic, a, 



10 l.ottl 



The Lije oj Muhammad 



Isr,iel,'-i,iilrc5 
i.e. My eare f 

c.jth rt 



tt.'.M} p 



'Isljall iiiltilMypiL 

which were upon your necks becaus. 
mitted, 'And stand in awe of Me,' i.e 
brought down on ytiur lalhers iKlme y. 

connrrning what you already have, ai 
seeing that you have knowledge whi- 
fear Me and dt 

jpostle and v.l 

youknowofthi 
good and forgt. 

proijiirry y.iu h 



II. 1 II i lllici 



I tl I , 

e not the first to dishclieie it' 



with fa 



'Show us God plainly* (306^ and how the storm came upon them because 
of their presumptuousness; thcn He quickened them after they had dicd; 
nvei.sli.iJi.ncil llicin with the cloud, sent down to them manna and quails 
and said to them En tl >n 1 11 , „ 11 1 i\ Ilitl , ly 

what I commanj you, and I will rcnnive your sins frf.ni vou; and thcir 
dianging ttiat word .n.ikmga mo.-keiT nl His coiiii.iaiid ; anj H.a lorgicmi: 
them after their mockcry (307). 

Wltb rcuiirJ 10 their cliarigine tlmt word. thc apostli snid accnrding 



i'or that which is baser? Go down to Egypt; thus you will get wha 
ask for,' Theydid not do so. Further how I-Ie niised Il.e nit.uutain 1 
thcm 1 that thcy rnighl rcceiv. whai uas brought to them; and the b 



which God showed them in which there wi 
man about whom they differed until God 
after their repcated requesls t.i Moses I 
t..;nli. ::■ ilu l.iirjijcsr .1' thcir hearts aftcrv. 
than stone. Then He said: 'There are rock 
and there are rocks which split asundcr and 
. which J.ill .It.wti for Jear 



: called. 'And 



than your heans in regard to the tnith 
God is not unaware of what you do.' 

Then He said tD Muhammad and tht.bclievers with him, causing them 
to despair of them : 'Do you ho|. 1 tli. illl .■;... .henthereisa 
party of them who listeh to the word of God then change it after they 
understandit.tli.ir.tta.i kiin.iiiiLtl. : ' His saving 'Thi ty iisten to theTorah' 1 






told by a scholar. 






us and the vision of God so let us hear 
His word when He speaks to thee. Moses conveyed the request to God 
who said: Yes, command them to purify themsehes or to purify their 
clothing and to fast; and they did so, Then he brought them forth ta the 3 
mountain, and when thc cloud covered thern Moses commanded them to 
prostrate themselves and his Lord spoke to him and they heard His voice 
giving them commands and prohibitions so that thcy understood what they 
heard. Then he went back with them to the Children o" 






and when 



:o ihe Children of Israel, 'God has 






10 believe they say, Wc believe. B 



ra ;|].H Ucl liiis niiulc 11 (iw 



■i recile passagcs (pi-.y 'Tlicy outy think they know,' i.e. ihey don't 
know the book and they do not know what is in it. yet they oppose thy 
prophethood on mere opinion. 'And thcy say tln: rire wiil nnt loucli us 

God will not break His covenant— or do you say tthat you do not btow 
about God?' 

A freedman of Zayd b. Thiibit told me as from 'Ikrima or trom Sa'Td 
b. Jubayr from Ibn 'Abbas: The apostle came to Mcdina when tbe Jews 

wcre sayiu» lliat tlie corl.l m.uh! li.s, f,.r st-.cn i|„„ 1Sim j vei,rs und thut 
God would ortly punish mcn in hell one day in the next worl.l for cvery 
>nly seven days and thcn punish- 



:. So God 






■. S,iv, Hav. 






is iiuiullit' cT.cwnpasses the goDd he 
K peopk of hell ; they will be thert 
,ho do good, they are t lie peoplc ol' p: 



riien He said in blaming thcm, ' And when We made a covenant with 
Idrcn of Israel,' i.e, your covenant. 'Worship none but God, sl 
dness to parcnts and to near relatives, and to orphans and the p. 
I speak kindly to men, an.l cstahhsh nr.iycr and puy thc poor- 



The Life of Miihammad 253 

ou, Shed not your blood' (3 1 r}. 1 'And do not turn (some of) yonr people 1 
ut of your dwcllings Thcn te ratified lt an I 11 1 ' 

.• tii.il My ..nmant condition truly hinds yDU. 'Then you are thcy who 
ill ycu p. ipl. tn Iri.e some of them from thcir houses, mipportint! 
n, |„n 1 tid c iii, 1 thcm b> crimc and transgression,' i.c the polytheists, 






. 'Andi 






,e thci 



iii.m ttieir 
i-i li^iu.i. 



:pel them disbelieving in 
lose of you who do that 
:tion they will be sent to 
e of what you are doing. 



tncnt will not bc liglitcncd nor will tlicy lie hclped.' Thus God blamed 
them for what thcy were doing, He having in the Torah pi-ohihitcd 
them from shedding cach other's blood and charged rhem to redeem 

Therc wcrc two parties: The B. Qaynuqa' and their adherents, allies of 
Khiijtr.ij ; :md al-Nmlir tmd Qurayza and thcir adhercnts allies of Aus. 
Wliin ihcre was war bclween Aosand Khasiraj the B. Qa; ■ 
wtlh Khncrai. an.i iil-.\:iclir aud Qurayza with Aus, each siilc hclpinji liis 
allics against his tiv,n hrt :htcn 50 tluit thcy shcd ciich nlhcr's blood, whilc 
tbe Tnrah was in tli ,1 mn I 1 I hat wiis allowed and 

what uas hjrbiddcn tlicm. Atis and Khaj-raj were polytheists worshipping 3; 





m. tlie 


scriptures 


thc permitted an, 


1 thc'forbiddcn. 


' Whcn thc car 












ewiththeTorah 












captured by the 




■ sidc, 1 _ 




g thc bloodshcd tb 




urred in helping 


ther 






nforthat:'Will 






of the 








i.e. would you 






in accord 


ance with the Torah and kill him 
















hclpi 














ic^ilkc 




■hTsgainrAccordir 










with reier, 


;nce to thctr beh:.v 




od Khazraj. 






iue<l:'Wc 


gaveMosesthescr 




cnt i.pnstlcs aftcr 


hitn 


and We _ . 


cii., :,tic 


i,SnnofMary,the< 




.thcsi K i,swhich 




v. r,,u,;ht lu I in 


. in raising the dea 




iikcncss ul bnils 


from ciay r 




irciithinc inlo llicm so that they 1 




God 


'sperm 


issinn ■ healing the sick ; and n 


ewsoi many bi.lilcn rl.i- ■■•- ■'■ c 1 



The Lifi af Mukammwt 



„: iiko 



ig thcm 



. .ie Torah md 

tiie Gtispcl which God had created Ibr Him.' Then he [iiL-ntuins llieir 
dishdicl ill j[I th.lt :li[J says: 1« it lli.il nhmmT tllLTL- cnilies I" lljll an 
apostk- wirh whai ymi J.. nol hke y.m ::ei arn.gnmb : siiitic you Jeclare 
! you put to deathi' Then he snys: 'And they said, Our 
ircumcised,' i.e. in eoierings. 'Nay, but Cod has cursed 
jr their imbelieL Litllc Ji> ihc> helieic And when a scripture 
to them from God conlirming what tiiey already have, though 
:hat tliey \\ere asking ior a 1M..11 ,.\cr ilic uii!ie]icvers, wlientherc 
:o them what they know they deny it. God's eurse is un thc un- 






. 'I 111.1 



m , 

•They have incui 



1. Qatada told me that slmykhs oi 
lown about us and them. We had 
a, we being polytheists and tln.-y scri 



s people i 
t the be 



m :.,ik. Tl„-\ 

, ., F ,. T ,,ci „.., ,.e «cni ui: wc sn.lll tollow; liis 

ins help wc sliall kill you like 'Ad and Iram.' And 
ipostle from Quraysh and m foIloived him they 
: 'Anu when there comes to them what they know 
:urse is on the unbeliecers. Wretched is tiiat fot 
.-l\cs 111 ilisbelic\ ing in what God has sent down, 
Hewillof 






hi ,111. ' 1 1 t-i, 1111 ti. ,11 whowasn. 
upon angcr and fot tlic uiibclicicrs there is a 
). 
s asiiier :it uhat they have disregarded of thc 

II. 11 H. 1. 1 , , ij . , , I il 
tlicn 1. kiug the calf as a god instead of their 



rnlh-.ii. 



.. God sa 



them.notasinglejew 
died. Then He mentions I 
said:'Thouwi]tfindthen 
more thanthe polytheists 



iJ tital i/lhcy h:ic iongcl !n 



you by God and His favour:i t 

thcysa 



with th 



.IiIlIi ... 



m them the right answers 


began: 'Why does a boy 








nrato thetopr 'Agreed,' 



:iM:,k. ; ' 



J allegc I do not ll.iw is wlu.n ilie ra: sleeps but thc htar 
'AgrcciL 'Thus is my sleep. My eye sleeps but my heart is a\ 
us about what Istael volun.ta.ril} /irlijdc I in.,cli.' Uo you not know that 
the food he loved best was the tlesh arld milk of camels and that once when 
he was ill God restorcd him to health so he deprived himse!f of his fa\ ourite 
food and drink in gramiidc lo God ?' 'Agrccd. Tell us about thc Spirit.' 
'Do you not know that it is Gabriel, he who comes to mcr" 'Agrccd, but 
O Muhammad he is an enemy to us, an angel who comes only with 
' 3 f blood, and 1 



Gabrie 



,1 M 



lii lliv hcai ! 1,\ G"J's Iicrmis- 



bclicicts' :ts f.:r as the words ' L il not th.it 

comes to them ir 1111 ' I ilii m 11 1 il 11 h i\l, some of them 
who have receiyed the scripture, the book of God, put it behind them as if 

the kingdom of Snkiirinn,' i.e. sorcery, 'Solomon did not disbelieve, but 
the satans d I I siriert '- 

■' : apostle mentinncil Solum.,11 



at Muhammad: II. ;i!i.evs t 



joftherabhrssa 



25° The Life of Muhammad 

the kidneys and the fat (except what was upon the back), for that U8ed to be 

offered in sacriiice and the iire consumed it." 

The apostle wrote to the Jews of Khaybar according to what a treedman 
of the family of Zayd b. Thabit told me from 'Ikrima or from Sa'Id b. 
Jubayr from Ibn 'Abbas: 'In the name of God the compassionate the 
merciml from Muhammad the apostle of God friend and brother of 
Moses wha conrirms w-hat Moses brought. God says to you, O scripture 
foIk, and you will nnd it Lo your scripture "Muhammad is the apostle of 

among themselveB. Thou seest them bowing, talling prostrate seeking 
bounty and acceptance from God. The mark of their prostrations is on their 
foreheads. That is their likeness in the Torah and En the Gospel like a 
seed which sends forth its shoot and strengthens it and it becomes thick 
and rises straight upon its stalk delighting the sowers that He may anger the 
unbelievers with them. God has promised those who believe and do well 
I adjure you by God, and by what 



Hel 



nt down to you, b 






id by His drying up the sea for your fathers when 
He delivered them from Pharaoh and his works, that you tell me, Do 

377 you Snd in what He has sent down to you that you shodd belieye in 
Muhammad ? If you do not iind that in your scripture then there is no 
compulston upon you. "The right path has become plainly distinguished 
from error"' so I call you to God and His prophet' (313). 

Among those people conceming whom the Quran came down, cspecially 
the rabbis and unbelieving Jews who used to ask him questions and annoy 
him in coniusing truth with falsehood— as I was told on the authority of 
'Ahdullah b. 'Abbas and Jabir b. 'Abdullah b. Ri'ab— was Abu Yasir b. 
Akhtab who passed by the apostle as he was reciting the opening words of 
Thc Cow: -AIif, Lam, Mlm, That is the book about which there is no 
doubt.' He came to his brother Huyayy who w.is wi(! miiiu otln r Je-wa 
andsaid: 'DoyoB i himmad recklaj in whkt has 

bcen sent down to him Alif Lam Mim, &c ?' After expressing surprise 
l.Iuyayy aiul these iiun went to the apostle and told him what bad been 
reprined to iluiii and asked if Gabrielhad broughtthe message from God. 
Whcti )u: said that he liad they saiti God sent prophcts before you but we 
do not know of anyone of them being told how long his kingdom would 
last and how long his community would Iast. J luy.iyy wcnt up to his men 
and said to thcm: 'Alif is j : Lam is 30; and Mim is 40, i,e. 71 years. Are 
you going to adopt a religion whose kingdom and communiw will laat 

378 for only 7! years:' Th, t, hc went ;,. tlie apostle and said, 'Have you any- 
tliing dsc, Muhammadi' 'Yn, _\lif i.iim Mim S.ld.' 'This by God is 
mnre wcighty and longcr: Aiif I ; Lam 30; Mim 40, Sad 90, i.e. 161 years.' 



mMimK__7i 
>o that v 






in respect of Alif Lam Ra 23 1 ; 



iongduration.' Then they left him. Abĕt Yasir said to his brol 
and the others, 'How do you know that all these totals should r 
together to make a grand total of 734 years?' They answered 
is obscure to us.' They allege that these yerses came down in 
thcm : 'The plain yerses arc the mother of the Eook ; the rest at 

leople of Najran when they came to the ap 



er Huyayy 
tbeadded 
'His affair 



Mnhai 



tlial 



ut Jesus, Son of Mary. 

nad b. Abu Umama b. Sahl h. Hunayf told mi 
ere sent down about a number of Jews, but 
God knows best. 



what I ht 



J irtn 



li Ibn ';' 



from Sa'Id b. Jubayr from Ibn 'Abbas, Jews used to hope that 
apostle would be a help to them against Aus and Khazraj before his mission 
began; and when God sent him from among the Arabs they disbelieved 
111 hiiii tinil ciintradiclcd whal thev had iormerly said about him. ! Muidh 
1). Jabal and Bishr b. al-Bara' b. Ma'rur brother of the B. Salama said to 
thern : 'O Jcws, fear God and become Muslims, for you used to hope for 
Muhammad's help against us when we were polytheists and to tell us that 31 
he wtiuld be sent and describe him to us.' Salam b. Mishkam, one of B. 
aI-N ; adir, said, 'Ilt- has n„l I: recogniM and he is 

' at saying of 



t:'Andw: 






irehan 
when there c 
lotls cursc rests , 
ik b. al-Sayf< saic 



comcs to them from God connrming 

they were asking for help aga 
ne to them what they knew, tht 
, the unbcheYers.' 1 
whcn the apostle had been sent and they w 

that had been imposed on them and what C 



Alnl Bahibi al-Fityuni said to the apostle: 'O Muhammad, you have 
not brought us anything wc recogniie, and God has not sent down to you 
,i'iv sijm tlut wc . Iinuid lollow you.' So God sent down conccrning his 
words, '\^,- hiin! scnt dtiwn to thee platn signs and only evildoers dis- 

Ran' b. Huraymila and Wahb b. Zayd said to the apostle, 'Bring us a 



. 



258 The Li/e of Muhammad 

book; bring it down to U3 from heaven that we may read it; bring out 
rivers for us from the earth, then we will follow you and believe in you.' 
So God sent down conceming that: 'Or do you wish to question your 
apostk as Moses was questioned aforetime; he who ejtchanges faith for 
unbelief has wandered from the straight road' {314). ' 

Huyayy and Abu Yasir were the most implacable enemies of the Arabs 
when God chose to send them an apostle from among themseives and they 

conceming them: 'Many of the scripture folk wish to make you unbelievers 
again after you have believed being envious on their own account after the 
tmth has become plain to them. But forgive and be indulgent until God 
shall give you His ordera. God can do anything,' 1 

When the Christians of Najran came to the apostle the Jewish rabbis 
came also and they disputed one with the other before the apostle. Rafi* 
said, ' You have no standing,' and he denied Jesus and the Gospel ; and a 
Christian said to the Jews, 'You bave no standing' and he denied that 
Moses was a prophet and denied the Torah. So God sent down concerning 
them: 'The Jews say the Christians have no standing; and the Christians 
say that Jews have no standing, yet they read ik. 
know what they are talking about. God will judge between them on the 

.:-, ' '.:■ ■ :■:■ . ' .'...■ .'•.'.' 

book the eoriliiin:: ,:.'!iics, so that the Jews deny Jesus 

though they have the Torah in which God required them by the word of 
Moses to hold Jesus true; while in the Gospel is what Jesus brought in 
connrmation of Moses and the Torah he brought from God: so each one 
denies what is in the hand of the other. 

Rifi' said: Tf you are an apostle from God as you say, then ask God to 
speak to us so that we may hear Hia voice.' So God revealed conceming 
that; 'And those who do not know say, Why does not God speak to us or a 
sign come to us ? Those who were before them said the same. Their minds 
are just the same. We have made the signs clear to ■ people who are sure.' 

'Abdullah b. SuriyS, the one-eyed man, said to the apostle, 'The oniy 
guidance is to_be found with us, so follow us, Muhammad, and you will 
.1 be rightly guided.' The Christians said the same. So God sent down 
concerning them both: 'And they say, Be Jews or Christians then you 
will be rightly guided. Say, Nay, the religion of Abraham a hanij wim was 
no polytheist,' as far as the words 'Those are a people who bave passed 

you will not be asked about what they used to do,' J 

And when the gibla was changed from Syria to the Ka'ba — it was 
changed in Rajab at the beginning of the seventeenth mniiili aln-r the 
ap9Stle's arrival in Mcdina— Rifa'a b. Qaya; Cjardam b. 'Amr; Ka'b b. 
al-Ashrai; Ran' b. Abu Raii' ; ai-Hajjaj b. 'Amr, an ally of Ka'b's; al-Rabt 



iite Lije oj M 2 $g 

b. al-Rabi' b. Abu'l-Huqayq; and Kinana b. al-Rabl' b. Abu'l-Huqayq 
came to the apostle asking why he had turned his back ori the qibla he 
used to face when he alleged that hc (ollowed the reiigion of Abraham. If 
he would return to the aibla in Jerusalem they would Mlow him and declare 
him to be true. Their sole intention was to seduce him from his religion, 
so God sent down concerning them: 'The foolish people will say: What 
made them turn their back on the qibla that they rarmerK obscrved? 
Say, To (i»d lidungs tlu- oast and the west. He guides whom He will to tlie 
straight path. Thus we have made you a central community that you may 
be witnesses against men and that '.':■. aposik may be a witness against 
you. And we appointed thi. r, 1 ,' , ,idi 1 il rnierl) obsen e only 
that we might know who will follow the apostle from him who tums upon 
his heels,' l.e. to test and find them out. 'Truly it was a hard test except for 
tbose whom God guided,' i.c. a temptation. i'e. those whom \il ,h ,.-iX,- 
lished, 'it was not AIlah's purposc to make your faith vain,' i.e. your taith 
111 tl-.e tirsi ybla. \„ur bclicving yiiur prophet, and yoiu Mlowiug liin 10 

you therewardofbothofthem. ' I 1 I 1 i 1 ] ..inn. >,i,,,,- ,, , 

heaven and We will make thee tum towards a qibta which will pleasc llm- ■ 
so turn thy face lowanls ihe sacreil mnsuuc anj whcrever you are turii 
your facestow.irds ii' (315). *Those who have received the scripture know jS 
that it is the truth from Iheir Lord, and God is not unmindml of what they 
do. If thou didst bring to those who have the scripture everv sign thev 
wouli! nol lollow thy qibla and thou wouldst not follow thcir ,/ihla iw 
would some of them fulbw the qibla of others. If thou stiouldst lollow 
their desires after the knowledge which has come to thee then thou 
words Tt is the truth frum thy I.orJ 



e not of the doubters.' 
[u'5dh b. Jabal and Sa' 
rija b. Zayd brother 0! 



Mu'adh brother of B. *Abdu'I-AshhaI, ani 
brotherof B. al-Harithb al R],,, .„ ,4 1 , , , t ll, 
OUl somethbig in ihc Tornh aml tlirt nniti..|ik-J it r;'..u 
111 i-.ll :i:..'iii Linyiliirig aboiit it. So (U^ sent down abou 
i-.iiH-i-a: ilu- proofsandguidance Wehavi-s,-nt J.iiin attt 
plain to men m the book, God will curst 1! .. 1 



riie apostle Miminiined Iht Jcwish scripiure iuik iu Islam and made it 

'"" 'II 1 ii-nei-l ll .1 I ,.1 1 Ilt -ln d vengeance. 

* b. Khanja and Malik b. ' 'u.l s.ii.l tn hiu, tiiat lliw would f„ll„„ llu- 

ligion of their fathers, for thcy wt-ic ninrc learneil and ln-ttcr me-i, ihan 

:m, Follow what GoJ has sent down, they say: Xav, but we will f„ll„w =s ; 
'at weibund our fathcrs doing. What! even if thcir fathers understood 
'bmg i-iuj ,.. L Te not rightlyguided?' 



Tke Life of Muhammad 
id smotc Quraysh at ISadr, the apostle as: 
be B. Qaynuqa' when he camc to Medin 
m beforc God should treat them as hi 



m parties which met: one party fought il 
. unbelieving seeing twice their number ' 
jgthen with His hclp whom He will. In 



"Then let the Torah judiiy hctwe 



ig thern: 'Hast th 






ni .'iTip:u:':: 

lai th 



ivited to 



God's book that it may judge between them, a party of 
backs in ..ippusiliuii. That is bctausc ihcy say. The ii:. wil! nt.t t.uich us 
except for a limiled tiim:. What they werc itn ciiting has deceived them m 
their religion.' 
Thejewishrabbisandtl 



A hclure 

wasnothingbuta. 
so God reyealcd c 

after his time? C; 
they who argue < 



The Christians said he was nothing but a Christian ; 
rning thero; 'O Scriptuie Mk, Why do you argue 
he Torah and thc Gospel were not sent down until 
be that you do not understand ? Behold, you are 
lat you know something, but why do you argue 
othing r God kiinws but you do not know. Abraham 
a Christian but he was a Muslim hamf and hc was 
Abraham ar 



was neither a Ji 

not a polytheisl. - — 

Mlow him and this prophet and those who belieye, God bei 

>. Sayf and 'Adiy b. Zayd and a!-Harith 



jthetriendot 



'Abdullah b. 
among themsel 

so as to confuse them, with the object of getting them t 

nice up his religion. So Gnd sent down con 

'O Scripture folk, why confuse ye the true with the false at 

I , I ,ouknow' Someof the Scripture folk said, 






The Lijc of Muhammad 261 

IWH to those that believe at the beginning of the 
ind of the day ; pcrhaps they wili go back {on it). 
10 tbllows your religion, Say, The guidance is 
vone should be given the like of what you have 
ith you before their laml. Say: the 



been given or that they 

bounty is in the hand of God. rle giveth it tn wnom ne pteases ana uoa is 

all-cmhiai.in-' md ah-knowing." 

Abu Rafi' al-QuraiS said when the rabhis and the Cliristians from 
Najran had assemhlcd before the apostle and he invited them to Islam, 
'Do you want us, Muhammad, to worship you as thc Christians worship 
Jesus, Ĕonof Mary?' One nf the Christians called al-Ribbis (or al-Ris or 
al-Ua'is) satd, 'Is that wbat 11111 w.int of us and invite us to, Muharomad?' 
or words to that effect. Thc apostle replied, 'God forbid that I should 
worship anyone but God or order that any but He should be worshipped. 



Godss 



rords: 'No 1 



m God hi 



_ r id prophecy could say to men.Worship me 
instead of God ; but Ec learned in that you teach the book and in that you 
Btudy it' as far as the words 'after ye had become Muslims' (316).* 

'And he did not command you to take the angels and prophets as 3S5 
lords. Would He command you to disbelieve after you had become 
Musiims?' 

Then he mentions how God had imposed on them and on their prophets 
the obligation to bear witness t;i his truih whcn he c»me to them and their 
taking that upon themselves and he says; 'When God made His covenant 
with the prophets (He said) Behold that which 1 have given you— a book 
and wisdom. Then when an apostle shall come to you connrming what 
you have, you shall believe in him and help him. He said, Do you agree 
atid take upoii yourselves myburden? They answered, We agree. Hesaid, 
Thcn hcai witncss, I iiems! v. uh 1011 us a 1. itness' to the end of the passage. 

ShBs b. Qays, who was an old man hardened in unbelief and most 
bittci against thc Muslitns and esceeding cnvious af them, passed by a 
number of the apost!e's companions from Aus and Khazraj in ft meeting 
while they wcre talking together. When he saw their amity and unity and 
their happy relations in lslam after their enmity in pagan times he was 
hlled wilh rage and said: Thr chich, r,f li. (iait.i in this country having 
united there will be no iirm place for us with them.' So he gave orders to a 
Jewish youth who was with them to go to them and sit with them and 
mentton the battle of Buath and the preceding events, and recite to them 
some of the poetry eomposed by each side. 

Now at the battle of Bu'ath Aus and Khazraj fought and the yictory 
went to Aus who wcre commanded at the time by Hudayr b. Simak 3S6 
al- -\slihali llie father of Usayd b. Hudayr, Khazraj being led by 'Amr b. al- 
Nu'man al-Bayadi, and both were killed (317). 



202 The Life of Muh mnmad 

The youth did so. Thereupon the people began to talk and to quarrcl 
and to boast unti! iw» iiim <>■: ilit _ -,\ o oians Ieapt up, Aus b. Qayzi of B. 
Hlritha b. Harith. of Aus and Jabbar b. Sakhr of B. Salama of Khazraj. 
They began to hold forth against each other until one of them said, 'If 
.1 do the same again,' Thereupon bath Sides became enraged 
and said, ' We will. Your meeting-place is outside — that being the volcanic 






t they w, 



migrants as were with him and 
saic to mem: Muslims, remember God. Remember God. WIII you 
act aa pagans while I am with you after God has guided you to Islam and 
honoured you thereby and made a clean break with paganism ; delivered 
you thereby from unbelief; made you friends thereby?' Then the people 
realized that the dissension was due to Satan and the guile of their enemy. 
They wept and the men of Aus and Khairaj embraced one another. Then 
they went off with the apastle, attentive and obedient, God having 
quenched the' guile of the enemy of God Shas b. Qays. So God sent down 
concerning him, and what he did : 'Say: O Scripture folk, whydoyoudeny 
God's signs while God is witness of what you do ? Say, Scripture folk, 

387 why do you keep those whD belieye from God's way wishing to make it 

God sent down concerning Aus and Jabblr and the people wha were 
with them when Shas brought back far a moment the atmosphere of 

book has been given they will make you unbelievers again after yaur 
faith. How can you disbelieye when God'3 verses are read to you and His 
ipostle is with you ? He who holds fast to God is guided to a straight path. 
O ye who believe, fear God as He ought to be feared and die not except as 
Muslirns' as far as the words 'Those shall have a painful punishment'. 

When Abdullah b. Salam, Tha'laba b. Saya, and Usayd b. Sa'ya, and 
Asad b. 'Ubayd and other Jews became Muslims and believed and were 
earnest and hrm m I il II i-l 1 aid that it was only 

the bad jews who believed in Muhammad and followed him. Had they 
been good men they would not have forsaken the religion of their fathers 
and adopted another. So God sent down concerning what they had said: 
'They are nat (sll | .'lk there is an upright community 

They believe in God and the last day and enjoin good conduct and forbid 
evil and vie with one another in good works. Those are the righteous.' 

Some Muslims remained friends with the Jews because of the tie of 
mutual protection and alliance which had subsisted between them, so 
God sent down cancerning them and forbidding them to take them as 

388 intimate friends: '0 you who believe, do not choose those outside your 
community as intimate friends. They will spare no pains to corrupt you 



TheUfeof 

longing for your ruin. From their mouths hatred has already shown itself 
and what their breasts conceal is greater. We have made the signs plain 
to you if you will understand. Behold you love them but they love not 
you and you believe in the book-all of it," i.e. you believe in their book 
and in the books that wete before that while they deny your book, so that 
you have more right to hate them than they to hate you. 'And when they 
meet you they say, We believe and when they go apart they bite their 
ringers against you in rage. Say, Die in your rage', &c. 

Abu Bakr went into a Jewish school and found a good many men gathered 
round a certain Finhas, one of their learned rabbis, and another rabbi 
called Ashya'. Abu Baitr called on the former ta fear God and become a 
Muslim because he knew that Muhammad was the apostle of God who 
had brought the truth from Him ard that they would fmd it writtcn in the 
Torah and the Gospel. FinhSs replied: 'We are not poor compared to 
Allah but He is poor compared to us. We do not humbSe oursebes to 
Him as He humbles Hiroself to us; we are independent of Him while He 
needs us. Were He independent of us He would not ask ua to !end Him 
our money as your master pretends, prohibiting you to take interest and 
allowing us to. Had He been independent of us He would not have given 



,u Bakr v 












:, 'Were 












.:'Theer. 



„ vil , h 1 He alleged that Allah was poor and that they ji 

were rich aud I was ao angry that I hit his face.' Pinhas contradicted this 
and denied that he had said it, so Allah scnt down refuting him and con- 
tirming what Abu Bakr had said : ' Allah has heard the speech of those who 
sav: "Allah is poor and we are rich.". We shali write what they say and 
their killing the prophets wrongtuliy and we shall say, Taste the pumsh- 

And there came down concerning Abu Bakr and the anger that he felt: 
'And you will certainly hear from those who «ceived the book before you 
and from the polytheists much wrong but if you persevere and fear God 
that is of the steadfastness of things.' 

Then He said concerning what Finhis and the other rabbis with h,m 
*«:j , 1 a„j „.t,- rt rir,A laiH a charge upon those who had received the book: 




264 Tht Life of Muhammad 

thcir liacks iiul sold n for a small price. Wrelched is the cschangel 
Thlnk [Hit tbat thnse wlin rejoice i[i u hat thcy have Jon.c ;uid waut to hc 

and Ashya' and the rabbis like them who rejoice in what they enjoy of 
j;s hy making error attractive to men and wisb !o hc praiscd 
for what they have not done so that mci il i tl irc icarncd uhcii ih. 
are nothing of the kind, not bringmg them to truth and guidance and 
wanting men to say that they have so done. 

Kardam, Usama, Nati', Bahri, Huyayy, and RifaV used to go to some 
of the helpers atieislru/; thcni iu.it tu c.intribure to thc p 



c, tor > 



w thc [ 



io God se 



OliUTS 



■ liywi, , 



tiammad brought, 1 'We have prepared for the (itibelievers a shr: 
ishment, and those who spend their money to be seen of me 
=ve not in God and the iast day* as far as the words 'God knows 

ifl'a was a notable Jew. When he spoke to the apostle he twist 
;ue and said: 'Give us your attention, Muhammad, so that v 
' --' d.-' Then he attacked Islam and reviled ir. S( 
tg him: 'Hast thou considered those to whom 









:. God is 



a friend and helper. Some of the Jews cha 
ts and say : We hear and disobey ; hear thou as one that heareth 
n to us, twisting their tongues and attacking religion. Had they 
ar and we obey ; hear thou and look at us, it would havc bcen 
better for them and more upright. But God has cursed them for their 



unbeliefandonlyafew 



e spoke to two of thc chiefs of thc Jewish rabbis 'Abdullah 

he had brought them the truth ; but they denied that 

inate in their unbelief. So God sent down 

O you to whom the book was sent, Belieye in what 

n in conrirmation of what you have before Wc efface 



Arrd rli.ise wiio lonnud partict. nt (Juraesh aiul (ihar.itan and B. Qurayza 3, 
were Huyayy and Sail.lm and Abii R.iri' .tnd J-IU :' aud Abu 'Ammarand 
Wahwah b. 'Aniir, iitiil Iburdiia ]i. Qavs, tlic lattcr three being of B. 
Wa'il wbile tbc rcst wcrc ,.f H. al-Nadir. \\ hcn thcy came to Ouraysh 

Jirst (sacrcdj book, aud tbcy coiild ask tiicm whcilu -r their religion or that 
of Muh.imruad 'vas tiic bctter. Whcn they did ask them ihcy answcrcd: 
'Yoiir rclioiim is licttcr lliaii bis and ynii are on a betttr path than he and 
thosc who follow him.' So God se 



al thc b( 






:lieve in al-Jibt and al-Taghut? (320). j 

ibcliecc '1'bcsc ,re hetter gijuled :,. ibc righl path than those who 

ren them of His bounty. We gave the family of Abraham the book 

Sukayn urul 'Adiy b. Zayd said: 'O Muhammad, we do not know of 

iwn concerning their words : ' We have revealed unto thee as we revealed 
lto Noah and the prophets after him, and we revealed unto Abraham 
id Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the tribes and Jesus and Job and 



mcn migbt havc no argument against God after the apostlcs (had 
e). God is Mighty, Wise.'* 

know that I am an apostle from God to you.' They replied that they 



lg their words : 'But God t< 
thec. Whh His knowledge 
1(3 e. And God iasii , 



id IIc S 



01 tne Diooa-money ot tne two Amtrites wnom 'Amr b. Umayya al-Damri 
had slain. And when tbey \v. ..aid, 'You will not 

find Muhammad nearer than he is now ; so what man will get on top of the 
house and throw a stone on him so that we may be rid of him ?' ' Amr b. 
Jihish b, Ka'b volunteered to do so. Thc apostle got to know of their 
scheme and he left them and God sent down concerning him and his 
pepple's intcntion: 'O you who believe, remember God's favour to you 
when a peoplc purpOBed :-■ stiretcil ou1 tlicir hands against you and He 
witbi-.el,.; tbeir hands from you. Fear God and 011 Gud lct the beheeets 
rely.'^ 



.: 'You cannot frighten us, Muhammad. W 
>f God' aa the Christians say. So God sent 
the Jews and tlic Christians ss.v, W. ar_ 
jod. Say, Then why does He punish yt 



will and He punishes whom He will 
heavens and the earth and what li 



to God belongs the kingdom of thi 



and warnedth_mof God'sje_Ious i 1 > : hut they repulsed 

him and denied what he brought them. Mu'adh b. Jabal aod Sa'd b. 
'Ubada and 'Uqba b. Wahb said to them: 'Fear God, for you __t.au : ighl 
well that he is the apostle of God and you used to speak of him to us before 
his mission and describe him to us.' Rafi' b. Iluraymila and Wahh b. 
Yahudha said, 'We never said that to you, and God has aent down no 
book since Moses nor sent an evangehst or warner after him.' So God 
sent down concerning their words: 'O scripture folk, our apostle has come 
to you to make things plain to you after a cessation of apostles lest you 
should say : No evangelist and no warner has come to us when an evangelist 
and warner has come to you (now). God is able to do all things.' 

Then he recoun; of Moses and their opposition to 

him, and how they disobeyed God's commands through him so that they 
wandered in the wildemess forty years as a punishment. 

Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri told me that he heard a learned man of Muiayna 
telling Sa'id b. al-Musayyab that Abu Hurayra had told them that Jewish 
rabbis had gathercd [n tlioir schoo! wliuii tliu ..po.tle or.riu- :o Medi:..;. 



,n. had K 






said : ' Send them to 
and leave the penalty to hnn. II 
with a rope of palm ribre sme; 
4 faces, mounting on two donke; 
then follow him, for he is a kii 
stnnins. tmtliem, he is a prophet 
hold.' They brought the pair to 
The prophet walked to meet the 






.'■• tvi.ii, the blackening nl 



_edepriveyouofwhatyou 



:r of them and w 



Tke Life oj Muhammad 267 

w_th him he put him on his oath as to whether the Torah did not prescribe 
stoning for adulterers. 'Yes,' he said, 'they know right well, Abu'l-Qasim, 
that you are a prop :. 1 ser.t (hy God.l but they envy you.' The apostle 
went out to them aild commanded that the two should be stoned and they 
were stoned at the door of his mosque among B. Ghanm b. MSlik b. 
al _\ajjSr. \_terw ird. Ibn Siiriya disbclieved and denied that the apostle 
was a prophet. So God sent down concerning them: 'O apostle, let not 
those who vie with one another in unbelief sadden thee, those who say 
hs, We believe, but their hearts do not believe, those 



Jw 



t others 






Muhammad b. Talha b. Yazi 






unti! 



the penalty for adultery from the pair. 

Salih b. Kaisan from Xafi', freedman of 'Abdullah b. 'Umar from 
'Abdu.lah b. 'Umar, told me : When the apostle gave judgement about them 
he asked for a Torah. A rabbi sat there reading it having put his hand over 
the verse of stoning. 'Abdullah b. SalSm struck the rabbi's hand, saying, 
'This, O prophet of God, is the verse of stoning which he refuses to read 
to you.' The apostle said, "W« to you Jews! What has induced you to 
abandon the judgement of God which you hold in your hands?' They 
answered: 'The sentence used to be carried out until a man of royal birth 
and noble origin committed adultery and the king refused to allow him to 
be stoned. Later another man committed adultery and the king wanted 
him to be stoned but they said No, not until you stDne so-and-so. And 
whcn they said that to him they agreed to arrange the matter by tajbih and 
thev did away with all mention of stoning.' The apostle said: 'I am the 
nrat to revive the order of God and His book and to practise it.' They 
were duly stoned and 'Abdullah b. 'Umar said, 'I was among those that 
stoned them.' 

Da'ud b. al-Husayn from 'Ikrima from Ibn 'Abbas said that thc verses 
of The Table in which God said : 'Then judge between them or withdraw 
frotn them and if you withdraw from them they will do thee no harm. And 
if thou judgest, judge with fairness, for God loveth those who deal fairly' 3>, 
were sent down concerning the blood-money between B. al-Nadir and B. 
Qurayza. Those slatn from B. al-Nadir were leaders and they wanted the 
whole bloodwit while B. Quray?a v— "- ' 



. ostle, ar 
concerning them. The apostle ordered that th 



..OU S. 



down that passage 
er should be settled 



ins-ly a, 






Jt (',.:.! kl 



which 



Ka'b b. Asad and Ibn SalOba and his son 'Abdtillah ;tm! Kha's said one 
to another, 'Let us go to MubmmaJ to «t if v,t cjli scducc him Srani his 
religion, for he is only a mortal' ; so thcy went to him and said : ' You know, 
Muhammad, that tve are the rabbis, nobles, and leaders of the Jews; 
and if wc lollow you the rest of the Jews will follow you and not oppose 
tis. Xow \ve havc- ;l ,.|,l.litcI ,,ti ;.''!:! ii.iiric; itith some of our people and if we 
liclieic in you ancl s.iy that you Lirc trutldul wlII ytiu, if vve appomt you 

to do so and God sent down cuncerning them: 'And judge hctiieen tlicm 






leetrouistiiiieotwhatGodh: 
;ks then know th r I , ll 

y men are eril-doer». Is it that they are st 
sm ? Wha is better than God in judgement 



Andifthey 

people who are t 

Abu Yasir and Nan b. Abii Nan' and 'Azir and Khalid and Zayd an 
Iz3r and Ashya' came to the apostle and asked him about the apostles he 
belieyed in. So the apostle said : ' We belicve in God and what he ha 



m anr! Is 






and Jacob and the tribes and what was givcn ta Moscs and Jesus and wl 
was given to the prophets from their Lord ; we make no ddiercnce between 

Jesus, Son of Mary, they denied that he was a prophet, say 
, 7 bclieic m Jcsus, S,„: <ii Mluv, or in anytine ttiiti bclicws ii 
sent down concerning them: 'O Scripture folk, do you bl: 
ur belief in God and what He has sei ' ' 






e evil-doei 



Riii' b. Haritha and Sallam b. Mishkam and Malik b, al-Sayf and Rafi' 
b. Huraymila came to him and said: 'Do you not allege that you follow 
the religion of Abraham and believe in the Torah which we have and 

tcstiiy tit.it tt is thc tttitlL irom God = ' Hc rcplicd, 'Certainly, but you have 
sinned and broken lltc ctueiiaiit ctmliiincil llicrcin and conccalcd wh.il >ott 
were ordcred to make plain to men, and I dissociate myself irom your sin.' 
Tl,cv sai.l, 'We htlltl by what tvt: hlit'. \Ye litc Litcurtliilt; 1,, thc tltlitl;,:icc 
and the truth and wc do not bclicvc iu you and m will "tit fullt.iv you.' 

standing until yau obsene the Torah and the Gospel and what has been 
scnt dtiv.il to you from your Lord. What has bcen sent down to thee irom 
thy Lord will assuredly increasc iuany tif them iu error and unbelicf. 
But be not sad bccause of thc unbcltccing people.* 4 
Al-Nahham and Qardam and Bahri came aiid said to him: 'Do you not 







The Lije of Muhammad 


2(. 9 






is another god with God?' The 


postle answercd: 'God, 




110 God 


but He. With that (message) I wa 




(J.Ki i, 




concerning their words: 'say, \\ hat is the greatest testi- 








nd this Quran has been 


revealed to me 


hat I might warn you by it and 




Doyou 




testifi lli.it iculi God tlnrc are other giidsr Say, 1 do not 


testiry 


o that. 


ay Hc is only One God, and I diss 


ociatemyselffromwhat 




ociate (with Him). Thos 


nt the book know it as 






ownsons. Thoscwhodestroyther 


lselveswiilnotbeIieve." 


Riir, 


. :,n 1 -■ 


wayd had hypocritically aUectet 






■tlic M 


-1,1,1.1 ci.ic triendly with them. 


God sent down con- 










your religion to make a jest and game of i 






[ the scripturc beforc you, nor the unbelievers, and fear God if 




believc 


s\ as far as the words 'And wher 


they come to you they 


say. Wc bflicve 




Godk 




about what they are concealing.' 




Jab,. 


mdSh 


mwil came to the apostje and said 


'Telluswhenthehour 






re a prophet as you say.' So Go 




thc.ii: 


1 hcv tt 


1 ask you abrittt thc hour «hert it 


will comc to pass. Say, 



,:nt! MahmoLl b. li:iL>a ■ 

iow can we follow you whcn you have 

not allege that 'Uzay"r is the son of God ?' 3' 

I, ll„ I - , tli,- I i , 



nueht 



.rtltb fr 



l? For oi 



God: vou nlll hiid it itrittcn in tlic TorLih which you baie. If nien 
jinn came togcther to produce its like they could not.' Finhas and 
lullah b. Suriya and Ibn Salr.ba and Kinana b. a! Rabi' uril \»liu' 
Ka'b b. al-Asad and Shamwil and Jabal werc there and they said: 

neithcr men nor jinn tell you this, Muhammad ?' He said: 'You know 
r, , ,1 r , .,„ -il ■ I" " ■ 

,,l. I... '..- ..,'."~."- -■■■■• .::':! tlc ■..::,:■.: t"'-i: ■ ■■ ' ' 



The Life of Muhammad 



ict irs lil;.- r!n..:i.;li one belpcd thc othcr' 1 (jjai. 
l-i R5fi', Asliya', and Shamwil said to 'Abduilah 
le a Muslim, 'There is no prophecy an 
ting.' Then ' 






about Dhu'l-Qarnayn and he told them what God had se 

him from what he had already narrated to Quraysh. They were of those 

1. lui . uu n ;l ' Jui.iL.si! 1. ssi. :liu i.ij ■: :sl I-. :iii<:in i:.nii LvliLti they sent al-Nadr 
iind 'I. i|!)a tu them. z 

1 V.;!:: L.iki tiisi S; L ' 1. 1 ii. uhayrsaid: Anumberot 7 Jewseameto theapostle 
and said: 'Now, Muhammad, All.ili created mutinn, but who created 
Allah ?' The apostle was so angry that his colour changed and he mshed 
at them being inJigiiiinl IV.r his l.crd. Cahiiel came and quietened him 

1 'ii_ 1 I -. I Muhammad.' And an answer to vvh;:t thcv luLc.I 

came to him from God: 'Say, He God is One. God the Eternal. He 
In^LlLcth ntit neither is He begotten and there is none eijual lu Him.'- 
When he recited that to them they said, 'Describe Hrs s.Iiapc it: us, 
Muhammad; his forearm and his upper arm, what are they like?' The 

him and spoke as berore. And an answer to what they askeil cume to him 
irom God: 'They think not of God as He ought to be thought of; the 
luil carll 1 11 I 1 !Ii rip t 1 , ot resurrection and the heavens 

fi»i,li-[l up ii! Uis right hand. Glorilicd and Exalted is He above what they 

'Utba b. Muslim freedman of the B. Taym from Abu Salama b. 
'Abdu'1-Rahman from Abu Hurayra told me: I heard the apostle say, 
'Men question their prophet 5 to such an cxtent that one would almost 
say, Now God created creation, but who created God? And if they say 
that, say ye; He God is One,' &c. Then let a man spit thrcc times to thc 
Ieft and say T take refuge in God from Satan the damned' (325). 



A deputation from the Christians of Najran came to the apostle. TI 

in control of affairs, namely (a) the \Aqib the leader of tliL- jilliiiIl , a - 
of afl'atrs, and thcrr chief adviser whose opinion geeerned their pol 



TheLifeof 
\bdu'l-MasIh by name; (*) the Sayyid, their administrator who saw to 

,bu Haritha b. ''Alqama', one of B. Bakr b. Wa*il. 

Ahu Ilaniha oceupied a position of honour among them, and was a 
reat sLiidcnl, :,■> ih.ir !;e i-.ad an cxcellent knowledge of their religion, and 
re Christian kings of Eyzantium had honoured him and paiti lilm a suh- 



•Alqama( 32 6). i 
so stumble,' [i.e. 



rut' from Najran to see the apostle Abu Ilaritha w.is 
l.is uilli .1 hrother at his side whose namc uns Ku2 b. 
tt Haritha's mulestumbled an.l 1- :/ sai. . 
lisl lnni:|, meaning the apostle. Abu I.Iarillia sanl, 'Xay 
imble.' 'Butwhy, brother ?' he asked. 'Because by God he 



people have treated us. They have given us titles, paid us subsidies, a: 
honoured us. But they are absLihitch .ippLiscd to liiiii, uii.i h 1 wcrc 
accept him they would take from us all tbar you si-c-.' Kriz piKidcr.-d o. 
x matter until latcr he adopted Islam, and used to tcll tiis Btoty, ic 






'J (3^7)- 



al-Zuhayr told me that when they came to 
Medina they came into the apcstle's mosque as he prayed the aftcrnoon 
prayer chd in Yamani garments, cloaks, and mimtks, v. : th ilu: rl^-iiiiL-ir" of 
men of B. al-Harith b, Ka'b. The prophet's companions who saw them 
that day said that they nevtr sm !t.putation that came 

afterwards. The time of their prayers having come they stood and prayed 
in the apostle's mosque, and he said that they were to be left to do st>- 
They prayed towards ^the east. 

The oames of the iwteen principal men among the sisty riders weie: 
'Abdu I-Maslh the r Aqib, al-Ayham the Sayyid ; AbQ Haritha b. 'Alqama 
brother of B. Bakr b. Wa^il; Atis; al-Harith; Zayd; Qays; Yayicl ; \ub.,v, ; ^ 
Khuwaylid; r Amr; Kh5hd; 'Abdullah; Johann ts; of these the first three 
named above spoke to the apostle. They were Christians according 
to the Byzantinc rite, though thcy dirTcred among thtiii.4i.Sy s:s in sotne 
points, saying Ile is CJod; and \U is iht- son or Ga.l: and He is the third 
person of the Trinity, which is the doctrine of Christianity, They argue 
that he is God because he used to raise the JlliJ, and \u:-A the sick, ;ind 
declare the unsi {.n i i i i i it i i icathe into them so 

that they new away;* and all this '.\.is bv i'v comrnjnd ?-i" CJocJ Alnnyln^, 
'We will make him a sign to men.' J They argne that he is thesonof God in 
that tl ^y •■ s ^ t |) | 1 1 1 nd he -.poke in the cradle and this 

:thing that no child of Adam has ever done. They argue that he is 
done, We have co 



Ite third of three in that God sa 



I Mary. Concerning all these assertions the Clurnri niic dtmi 
the two dhincs spoke to him the apostle said to tliem, 'Sub: 
■s." Thev said, 'We have submitted.' He said: 'You have 
J so submit.' They said, 'Nav, htit m submittecl tx-fure y< 



Tke Life of Mukamma, 
md the Wise in His argun 



iis creatures as He 



[ifLamMim. God thcrc 



r '.-. I 11. - i. 



i-w thilt llli ■. m.iy haw nri argimicnt Liml a rl.tusible vv:,S[ill i"l thcil < 

■n,' e.g. the error they adopted in etsplaininp: \l't <:vi:at<:cl' and 
creed'. 'And none knows its interpretation,' i.e. «liat lliw mv:m h 
tcept God; and those grotinded in knowkdgc. They say, Wc l,vliev 

rsy when it is one speech from one Lord? Thcn they carry <iver 
.LTiucl.l-.imi 'i: llie i-:i:,-:uv 1« the pla n '•>. ".ieli can have onl) one meai 
d thus the hook hi c..nic-: i cnsisnii:, one part confirming another, 



r,c Generous Giver.' Thcn Hrj s 



earth is 



m God,' 



on all who deny His 
iesfroinHiminthem. 
c. He knows nhat they 



!,,,,„ | |, ,il iiakc hrm God and Lord, w 

the knowledgc that he is nolhing of the kitnl. tiin> lvh,iv im: wi;h msn 
„],,,„ 1„ Ik it s who forms tou m the womb ns lle ph *>,-, 



lliat 



r child of Adan 
ice» Then He says, tn !ift llis tnmi 
hove what ihey put with Him, 'There 
,'ise.' The Mighty in His victory over f 



'hc be God whcn he h: 



Ise doctrine they prnd 



w Lije of Muhammad 

nded', it is only a specious argume 



iNlIiMl-r.. 



Then He combined 



Lord of mankind ar 



j have no bDOk, 'Have you surrendi 
:y will be rightly guided and if they 
m thec to dcliver the message. And 



vented and said: 'Those 
prophets wrongfully ar 
>rds, 'Say, O God posse 



ceived the book and 



? For 

God sees 

and reminded them of 
*ho disbelieve in God's 
d kill men who enjoin 
sot of sovereignty,' i.e. 






ilt. Thou exaltest 
e. there is no God 



thy m 



t Thee. 



. 'Thou ( 



__ __,„ day and the day into night and bringest forth the living fr_ 
the dcad and the dead from the Iiving' by that power. 'And Thou m 
turest whom Thou wilt without stint.' None has power to do that l 
Thou ; i.e. though I_gave Jesus 



y, and declaring the unseen, I rr 
and a conhrmation of his prophe: '"...1 whc 






»fMymi 









! ' : : 



relwi 



.•'■■ 
* appoint- 



ing kings by a prophetic command ar , 

:___» to pass into day and the day into night and brmg.ng 

,1 h 1 , irnm the dead and thc dead from the hving and nurtunng 

whom I will without stint, bolh the goot! and the evil man. All that I 

withheld from Jesus and gave him no power over it Have they not an 

enmple and a clear proof that if he were a God all that « 1 ' ' n , ' 

his power, while they know that he fled from kings and because of them 

^Then he ^uSnSl ™n«t tte bdtaw» and said: 'Say, If you 
love God,' i.e. if what you say is true in love to God and in glontying H,m 
"and follo'w me, God will love you and forgive you your sins,' i.c. your pasl 
unhelicC. 'And God is Forgiving Merciful. Say, Ohcy God and His 

apostle,' for vou know him and fmd him (mentioiiedl ,n - '" 



■ 



•n back,' i 






explained to thein h< 
originated and said : 'God rhosc .' 
ham and thc tamily nf 'Tmrjn ale 
one of another and God is a Heai 



i. ■:;,>.■ I" 



t ihc UI 



. _ intended 

andNoah and thc fau_ilv oi 
lieworlds, They werc dcsct 

Km«vti.' Thcn he mentioi 
1: '_ fv T.ord, I vowtoThee 
,' i.e. I have vowed him ant 



The Life cf Muhammad 
pt (him) from me. Thou art t_K 



and her offsprin| 



i c callcd her Mary and I put hcr in Thy kecping 4 _, 7 



accepted her with kindly acceptance and i 
growth and made Zachariah her guardian 
were dead (338). 



Godha 



15 Mary 



nd how thc an 



grow up to a goodly 

er and Zachariah and 
He bestowed on him 
saidtoher,'OMary, 



oftheworlds. O Mary 

bow wuh those ihat bow', saying, 'Tliat is somc of tho tidings nf things 
hidden. We reveal it to thee. Thouwast not present with iliem,' i.c. thou 
wastnot wilh them \vhen they threw their arrows to know v- hjch :.i' iiiem 
shouid be the guardian of Mary' (320). 

Latcr hcr guardian was Juniyj, thc ascelie, a carpenter of B. Isra'il. The 
he took her, Zathariah having been ' 

to support hcr so th_v cast lots to scc who should be hci guanliari and thc 
lot fcll 0,1 Jurayj the ascctic and lie became hcr guardian. 'And thou wast 
not with them when they disputed,' i.e. about her. He tells him about 
what thcy conccalcd fnni. him though ,hv . kn _\v it '■:. pr..ve his prophet- 
hood and as an argument against them by telling them what they had con- 

Then Hc s 



hvraoi'.r: . 



ones,' tclling them of the phases of life through which he woul 
k othcr stuts of Adam in their lives young and old, although Gc 
m out by speech in his cradle as a sign of his prophethood an 



in re_iarti 10 htm: 'Aiui Hc will tcach 
i.e Torah' which had been with them 
■iu.i thc Gospcl,' another book which 



27 6 The Life of Mukammad 

God initiated and gave to him ;' they had only the mention of him that he 
would be one of the prophets after him. 'And an apostle to B. Isra'il 
(saying) I have corae to you with a sign from your Lord,' i.e. confirming 
thereby my prophethood that I am an apostle from Him m you. ' [ uill 

.: likeness of the form of birds ani! I will breathe 

into them and they will become birds by God'spermission,' Who has sent 
me unto you, He being my Lord and yours 'and I will heal him who was 
bom blind and the leper' (330). 'And I will quicken the dead by God's 
permission and I will tell you of what you eat and storeup in 






;onfirming that whic 



lO YOli, 'if YOU 

icottheTorah,' 

was forbidden you,' i.e. I tell you about it that it was mrbidden you and 
you abandoned it; then f make 11 lav.ful to you 10 rclicee >uu of it and you 
can em'ov it and be exempt from its penalties. 'And f bring you signs from 
your Lord, so fear God and obey me. God 1 m> Lord nd r 1 I 

' So worship Him. This is a straight psth,' i.e. that to which I urge you and 
bring you. 'But when Jesus perceived their disbdief and c imi _ 11 
hii-i IK sai.i, Wh.j are ir,( helpers towards God? The disciples said: We 
are God's helpers. We believe in God.' This is their saying by whic 



irLord. ' 



nol ,.1 




argue with thee say ab 


utl 


believe 


in what Thou hast sent down and we 












Thc 


He mention 


Histakingupof Jesustc 


Hii 


tokill 


hnan.lsays: 


And they plotted and Go 


1 P l, 


of plot 


ers,' Thenf 


ete.lsthem-refutingw 


al! 










and s:i 


\\ M ( 


dsaid.OJesusIamabo 




exalt r 


_cto Myscl 


and to purify thee from 








ey did, 'and am setting 




those 


.. ,M li. 


until the day of resurr 





Him 






.ilthewords'Th__whi_h YW- r.cilc un'o ll',ee, : O Mulian.rn.nl, ',.f 
rliesii>ns ami ihc wisa vv ai i.ir.u,' theiinal, tficilei:isiie.:hcmic, in which n.> 
.alselinod is nnngled, of th 



. Thelik 



m God cr 



sofJes, 



mth God,' 



n thy Lord,' i 

hich comes to thee abcut Jesns, 'so bc nnt of the Lioubters,' i.c. thc truth 
is come to thcc from thy Lord so do not bc douht.ul aliout it : antl if Ihcy 
v, [csus icis laa:..: i.uli.iul a male (intercening), I create.i Aduiii l:'.,iii 
rth by that same powcr without a male or a fema]e. And he was as 
suswasineshandbloodandhairandskin. 'i'h: iTculii.n i,f J.sus i.ilhoiii 



The Life of Muhom 

derful than this. 'Whos 

._, 'Then say: Come, lel 









a.tcr lin.iwlcdge ha 

sons, ourwi.es and yourwne, m 1 md 111 lves, thenlei 
earnestly' and_nvokcGod'seur.i ,1,1 1 ia , ,1 \ rily this ilu i, 41 

I have brought you of the story of Jesus 'is the truc story ol lii. ariair. 
'There is no God but God, and God is Mighty Wise. ff they turn back 
God knows about the corrupt doers. Say, O Scripture fofk, Come to a 
just word between us that wc will worsbip only God and associate nothing 
with Him and some of us will not take others as lords beside God, And if 
they tum back say: Bear witness that we are Muslims.' Thus he inyited 
theiri lojustiee and depriccd them of their argument. 

When there came to the apostle news of Jcsus from God and a decisive 
judgcmcnt betwcen him and them, and he was commanded to resort to 
muiual imoeatlon of a curse if they opposed him, he summoned them to 
begin. But they said : 'O Abu '1-Qasim, let us consider our affairs ; then we 
will come to you later with our decisinu.' Su rhey lell him and consulted 
witli rhe 'Auib 11 ho ivas thcir chict' adviser and asked him what his opinion 
was. He said: 'O Christians, you know right wcll that Muhammad is a 
prophet sent (by God) and he has brought a ,' 









eople has 
its youth ) 



.. Ifyou 



lanted that one and hoped that I should | 
in the hcat and when the apostle had co 
,d left and I ' 



inil height sn il.at he could see me; but he kept on seari 
u.itil lic si.iv Abti T bayda b. al-Jarrah and calling him 

iLii: anj 11 1 ll 1 1 1 11 ll 

So, said 'Umar, Abu 'Ubayda went with them. 



'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada told me that when the apostlc came ti. Medina 
the leader therc was 'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Saliil al-'Aufi of thc clan of B. 
al-Hubla ; none of his own people contested his authority and Aus and 



they did to him. With him wa 
'Amir 'Abclu 'Amr h. Sayfi b. 
the father of Han . 
ascetic in pagan days and had wc 



'man, one of B. Pubay'a b. Zayd, 
the day of Uhud.' He had been an 
larse hairgarment and was called 'the 



'Abdullah b. Ubayy's people had made a sort of jewelled dii 
crown him and make him their king when God sent His apostle t 
so when his people forsaok him in favour of Ishm he was filled v 
mity realizing that the apostle haddcpr:-. c-c: 
when he saw that his peoplc were determined to go over to lslam 

Abu 'Jmii stubbornly refused to be]ieve and abandoned hi= 

Umama from one of the family of Hanzala b. Abu 'Amir told me 
apostle said, 'Don't call him the monk but the evil-doer.' 

Ja'far b. 'Abdulhh b. Abu'1-Hakam whose memory went back to 
lic days and who was a narrator of tradition told me that befpr* hi 
Mecca Abu 'Amir came to the apostle in Medina to ask him at 
;.d brought. 

'The Hani" " 



hat the 



'That i 



1 toll, 



'Butldo! You, Muh 
which dc 



tolhc l.Ianitiya t 



Ii , [ I n It tugitive!' (meaning the 

apostle as if he had falsified his religion). 

'Well and good. May God so reward bim!' 

That actuallv happened to the enemy of God. He went to Mecca and 
when the apostle conquered it he w-ttt to Ta'if ; when TS'if became Mus- 

No thcn .' nr i li.m Alqama b. 'Ulatha b. 'Auf h. al-Ahwas b. 
Ja'far I>. Kilib, and lunSna b. ' \M Yalil h. 'Amr b. 'Umayr al-Thaqafi. 
1 chims to his pmperty betore Caesar, 



1 Caesar 



.' So Kiiianab. 
i uf Abii 'Amir and 



and i.-t 






The Lije of Muhammad 279 

You said, 'I have honour and wealth', 
But of old you sold your faith for inndelity (332). 

'Abdullah b. Ubayy while maintaining his position among his people 
kept wayering until (inally he adopted Islam unwillingly. 

Muhammad b M kr,i al-i ' 1 • ' Zjbayr from Usama 

b. Zayd b. Haritha, the be!oved triend of the apostle, told me that the 
apostle rode to Sa'c! b. TbaJa to nsii him during his illness, mourited on 
an ass with a saddle surmourtted by a cloth of Fadak with a bridle of palm- 
hbre. Said Zayd: 'The apostle gave me a seat behind him. He passed 
•Abdullah b. Ubayy as he was sitting in the shade of his fort Muzaham 
(333). Round him were sitting some of his men, and when the apostle saw 
him his sense of politeness would not allow him to pass without alighting. 4 
So he got off the animal and sat for a Iittle while reciting the Quran and 
inuting him to God. He admonished and warned him and preached the 
good news to him while he, with his nose in the air, uttered not a word. 
Finally, when theapostk Iu,l f • J, "There would b( 



nothin^ 






>ifif 



td if anyone co 






:it;butd 



;. But sit in your ov 



se who 



1*8 gathering wi 

wcre sitting with him, said, "Nay, do come to us with it and come into our 
gatherings and quarters and houses. For by God it is what we love and 
what God has honoured us with, and guided us to." When "Abdullah b. 
Ubayy saw that his people were opposed to him he said : 

When your friend is your opponent you will always be humiliated 

And your adversaries will overthrow you.' 

Can the falcon mount without his wings? 

If his feathers are clipped he falh to the ground (334). 
'Al-Zuhri from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr from Usama told me that the 
apostle got up and went into the house of Sa'd b. 'Ubada, his face showing 
the emotions raised by Ibn Ubayy, the enemy of God. Sa'd asked the 
apostle why he looked so angry as though he had heard something that 
displeased him, and then he told him what Ibn Ubayy had said. Sa'd saidi 
'Don't be hard on him ; for God sent you to us as we were making a diadcm 



wauld be one ol il pro] I il h m \nd an apostle to B. Isra'il 

thereby my prophethood that I am an apostle ftom Him to you. 'I will 

into them and they wiii become hlrds hv GuJ s pc-rmission,' Whohassent 
me unto you, He heing my Lord and yours 'and I will hcal him whe iias 
born blind and the leper' (330). 'And I will quicken the dead hy God's 



Therein is 2 









was rorbidden you,' i.e. I tcll you aliout it that it « 

your Lord, so fear God and obey me. God is my I 
i.e. disowning what they say about him and proving t 
'So worship Him. This is a straight path,' i.e. that to 



re God's helpers. We 
ained favour from the 

ieb'eve in what Thou 1 



ofp!ot, 



..' Then Hc 



[istakingupofjesust l 

tdh lliLin — ix-f;itmg what they asser 



wHuti 



nJ|v: 



hejew 



exalt thee to Mysel, aud 10 pttrii> thce frnni tbose whn disliclK-ec' wlim 
they purposed as they dkl, 'and am setting those who fo11ow lliec abovc 
those who disbeiieve until the day of resurrection.' Thc narration eon- 
tinucsuntii ihe vrards 'This which We recite unto thee,' O Muhammad,'of 
the siitnsand the wise warning,' thennal, thedeciskc, thetnie, hi whicli ,10 
- — J of what tlicy differcd in 



falsehood 
regard to him, s 



. -Tin li!; 



sofJes U! 



thGod,' 



ee from thy Lord so do no 



a male or a icmaie. Aiul lu 



The Life of Muhammad 



k Say, O Scripture folk, Come to a 

it we are Muslims.' Thus he imtired 

! their argument. 

sws of Jesus from God and a dedsive 



'There is no God but Gi 
God knows about the cc 
just word bctwccn us tha, 
withHimandsomeofus 
theyturnbacksay: Bear 
them to justice and deprh 

When there came to th 
judgement betwcen him 
mutual irwocation of a curse if they opposed him, he summoned them to 
begin. But they said : '0 Abu 'l-Q5sim, let us consider our affairs ; then we 
will comt to you latcr with our deeision.' Bo they left him and consulted 
with the 'Ji/ih who was their chief adyiser and asked him what his opinion 
was. He said: 'O Christians, you know right wcll that Muhammad is a 
prophcl seni (hy God) and he has brougbt a decisivc dcclaration aboot the 
nature of your master. You know too that a people has nevcr invoked a 
curse on a prophet and seen its elders live and its youth grow up. If you 
do this you will be exterminated. But if you decide to adhere to your 
religion and to maintain your doctrine about your master, then take your 
leace of ihe inan and go home.' So ihey came 10 the apustle and told him 
that they had decided not to resort to cursing and to leave him in his 
religion and return home. But tbey would like him to send a man he could 
trust to decidc 1 t , 1 r m dispute among 

them. 

Muhammad b. Ja'far said: The apostlc said, Tf you come to me this 






' 'Uma 



oped that I should get 
. I went to the noon prayer in the heat and when the apostle had con- 
luded it he looked to right and left and 1 bcgan to stretch myself to my 
•II hciitht so iliat lie couid sec me; but he kept on searching with his eyes 
ncil hu mw Al-f 'l !,iii h. al-Ja rgh md calling hun h< said, "Go with 4 
lcm and judge bctween them faithfully in matters they dispute about." ' 
o, said 'Umar, Abu 'Uhayda went with them. 



'Asim b. Tinar b. Qat5da told me that when thc apostk; c.unc 10 Mcdina 
the leader therc was ' \bdullah h. L bayv b. Saliil al *Aufiof the clan of B. 
al-Hubla; nonc ol lns nwi: iicoplc conlcs,cd his authority and Aus and 



Khazr 



The Life of Muhammad 

inbeforeorafterhim 



to him. With hi 

the father of Hanzala, 'the washed' on the day of 
ascetic in pagan days and had worn a coarse hairga 
en were damned through th 






'Abd 


Ilah b. Ubayy' 


people had made 








so when 






mity realizing that the a 






saw that his people were determin 








Abu 


Amir stubbornly refused to belie 


wiicn ll 




Islam and went off 




o get away frc 


m Islam and the 








apostle 


aid, 'Don*t cal 


him the monk but 



1 his people 



■Iha 



:. Ih; 



ought it 



apostle as if he had falsified his religion). 
'Well and good. May God so reward him!' 

That actually happened to the enemy of God. He wem to Mccca and 
i u "i ii ; ' < i U.|IL> i i l- i- ,. 1 l it i li. ■ II I ' I t jii.l Mus- 

Now tiiurt went with him 'Alqama h. 'Ulatha b. 'Auf b. al-Ahwas b. 
Ja'far b. Kilib, ,iml Km.laa b 'Abd Yslil b. 'Amr h. 'Umayr al-Thaqafi. 
When he died they brought their rival claims to his property hctore Caes 



ii-Tii;ids iiiliLill ti. 

a:id not 'Alqama. 

K,'b h. Miihk : 






>. 'Abd Yalil inherited 
i what he had done: 



and let 



The Life of Muhammad 279 

You said, 'I hav-e honour and wealth', 
But of old you sold your faith for infidelity (332). 
'Abdullah b. Ubayy while maintaining his position among his people 
kept wayering until finally he adopted Islam unwillingly, 

Muhammad b. Muslim al-Zuhri from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr from Usama 
b. Zayd b. Haritha, the beloved friend of the apostle, told me that the 
apostle rode to Sa'd b. 'UbSda to visit him duting his iltaess, mounted on 
an ass with a saddle surmounted by a cloth of Fadak with a bridle ot palm- 
fibre. Said Zayd: 'The apostle gave me a seat behind him. He passed 
'Abdullah b. Ubayy as he was sittii 
(333)-. R' 



=i politei 



.,1 allow 



stlesaw 
ighting. 4: 



Pinally, whcn thc apiretle had hnished speaking he said, "Th< 
nothing finer than what you say if i 
and if anyone comes, talk to him al 



t don't importune those who 
ome into a man's gathering ivr: 
Rawaha, who was oneof the Mushms wlm 



what God has honoured us wit 

Ubayy saw that his people wer 

When your friend is your 



i. For by God it is what w 
. to." When 'A 
losed to him he said : 






>d (334)- 



'Al-Zuhri from 'Unva b. al-Zubayr from Uslma told me that the 
apListli: ya\ up a.id wcnt into tlic hotisc 0] Sa'd b. 'UbiiLla. hi.s face showing 
the emotions raised by Ibn Ubayy, the enemy of God. Sa'd asked the 
apostle why he looked so angry as though he had heatd something that 
displeased him, and then he told him what Ibn Ubayy had said. Sa'd ssid : 
' Don't be hard on him ; for God sent you to us aa we were making a diadcm 
to crown him, and bv ( lod !:l- thinks th.it you have robbed him of a king- 



IT. Gaud|.froy-D t momh>.n.., F 



scyerely from it, tliough God kcpt it from llis a 
and ISiial, frcciimen of Abij Ilakr, were with hir 
fever attacked them, and I came in to visit them 
been ordered for us. Only God knows how mu 
fcver. I came to my father and asked him how h 






Any man mt^ht hr r.,ve,,.: r 

While death was nearer than the thong o 


his sandal. 


I thought that my father did not knmv what he » 
'Amir and asked hiin how he wasand he said: 


s saying. Then I 




f have experienced death bcfore actually tasting it : 



io protects his body with his 1 



I thought that 'Amii 


did not know 


what he was saying. B 


ver left him lay prost 


atcinacorner 


ofthehouse. Then h 


Shall I evcr spend 


a night again 


n Fakhkh' 


With sweet herbs 






\\ ,11 ihe dav dawn 






Shall I ever see ShSma and Tafl 


again? (336) 


I told the apostle wl 


at they had sa 


d and he remarled tl 


eliriousandoutofthe 


, , 1. , ■ 


ligh temperature. He 


akc Metlii,:. ai, dear 1 




nd even dearer! And 




li. Mahva'a.' 


Mahya'a is al-juhfa. 


Ihn Shihtib al-Zuhrt 


:rr„:i 'Abiiull. 


hb.'Amrb.al-'Asm 




, Mcilinawith 




notc them until they v 


ert-cMremely 




sprophet)tosuchad 


prccthritthc> 




amc out to thcm wber 


thev wrre pr 


yingthusandsaid:'* 



as thc p 

Tbercupnn thc Mushms painfullv struggled to their icrt .icspilc 
wtakncss unil sickncss, seckmg a blessing. 

Then the apostle prcparcd for war in pursuance nf Gn.i':, uiinnii 

wli.irn G.id eommandcd him to fight. This wjs ihirtcen yc.rs alt 



TIIK DATE OF THE HIjRA 
By the preccding imad from 'Abdullah b. Hishim who said Ziyad b. 

\|„ ullir, il-L.I I "1 l'i n \li,l iri 111 1 1 ,. | t 1 1 mc that the apostlc 
carnt- tu Mcdina nn Mmul.iy „i hijih n,i,n on tln 121I1 r,f Rabi'u'1-awwal. 

Thc apostle un tii.i! dav uas f? tv-tlircc vcars if jye, th.i; hcing lliirleen 
years after God ealh .1 him. I li: s!avcd Ihere f'or ilrr rcr „f kabl'ii'l-av.wal, 
tlie 1 ii,n'b..f K I l-Akhit .1 1 il Sha'ban, RamadSn, 

Shawwal, Dlni'l-Q.i"d;i, 1 )lif.'l -I.iiiia ! ,v hcn the poly thcists supen/ised the 
pilgrimage), and Miihnrram. Then hc we.it lYirth raiding in Safar at the 
hcmnnin» „" the lneilth month rrom his coming to Medin.t (337). 

until he reachcd Waddan, which is the raid of al-Abw V, mnking f„i-Q„iiivsti 
and II. Pamra b. Bakr b. 'Abdu ManSt b. Kinina. The B. Damra there 4 
made peaee with hlm thriiiigli (!:cii leadcr Makbshi b. 'Amr al-Damri. 
Thcn hc rcturiied 1.1 Alulm.i withrmi nu riimr uar and lemained iherc lor 
the rest of Satar and the bcginning of kabi'u'1-awwal (338). 



During that stny i,i Me.Iina ;!ie apostlu sein 'I. hayda h. al-IJirith b. al- 
Mttttjlib witl, si\[y 01 eitthtc 1i.l1 rs l'r„m the emigrants, therc not being a 



aysh. Nonght 


ng took placc except that Sa'd b. Abii \Vaqq3a shot ar 




It was the nrst arrow to be shot in Islam. Then the twc 




d, the Muslims baving a rearguard. Al-Miqdad b 


1 1 ,1„ 


t ally of the 11. Zuhra, and 'Utba b. Ghazwan b. Jabi 


lr,zmi, an a]lv 


f thc fi. Naufal b. 'Abdu Manaf, fled from the poly 




he Muslims to whom they really belongcd. Thev hae 




nbelicvers In order to bc able to link up with thc Mus 






oncerning this 


raid Abu Bakr composcd thc Mlowing (340). 


(.',;„. 1,1 ;,..„ 11, 


slcep becausc of the spectre of Salma in the sand 


va11eys, 




Aiul tlic impn 


inin weiii that happeii.-.l in the tribe? 






Can save som 




A truthful pro 


phct camc to them and they gave him the lie, 


And said, 'Yo 




Whcnwecall 


d them to the trutl. [Iiey turiied tbeir iiaeks, 



\2 The Life of Muhammad 

With how many of them li:i\i. ivv lit.-* of kinship, 
Yet tr> abandon picty drd not weigh upon them ; 
Iftheyturnback troni thcir unl.L-ltcl anj disobcdience 
| !■ ii the good and lawful ia not like the abominable) ; 
If they follow their idolatry and error 
God's punishment on them will not tarry ; 
We are men of Ghslib 's highest stock 
From which nobility comes through many hraiulics 
I ar II v ii lI i -i n u even by singii 

Their feet protected by old leather thongs, 
Like the red-backc.t drcr tl ,it Imunt Ml-cl.i 
Going down to thc welPs slimy cistem; 

If tbey do not quickly repent of their error, 
A caliant bainl will iksCL-iid upon them, 
Which w :ll larre women husbandless. 
It will leave dead men, with v ultuica v ln li u iiuiiJ. 
re the inndels as Ibn Harith did.' 



Give the Bi 



intidel who is trying to 



The rlag of 'Ubayda b. 
first flag which the apostle 
allege that the 
Abwa' before he got to M 



my uliormation was the 
in Iskm, Some scholars 
lack from the raid of al- 



And quench our thirst 

Pleased with the order 
Had they not done so t 



thirt; 



in the neighbourhood o 
" rsiron ' 



l-'Is (T- in the tei 
m Mecca c 



. He r 



ju Jahl with three hundred nders from Mecca on the ahore, and Maj 
b. 'Amr al-Juhani intervened between theiu, l-.i bc v.as ;il iiliill: witli bo 
partks. So Ihi: |ienpk scp:i:-:itctl 01:1. from another without ughting. 

Some people say that Hamza's flag was the rirst which the apostie ga 
ti, ;,nv Miislim becatise liv sent liun and Tbayda at the same timt, ;, 
thu pLopleh i .1 1 I 1 1 1 



wills. H 


woulJ not ha^ 


„iJ it 


il , 


were not 


irui 


but God knows 






. We have heard from 






th.i 


'Ubayda was the 






eiveaflag. Han 






erningth 




theyallege(34 3 ): 


















A 


lack of sound counse 






ble ads 







!4 The Life of Muhamtnad 

As though we had attacked them ; 



The Life of Mukammad 

And they hclped me with swords and arrnws 



vo!unteered to attack. th 



A yictorious nag from a generous, n 
Whose acts are the most gracious. 
At even they sallied torth together, 



Gener«usintin,^.>fde.,:-th.mJ>vai 1 t(i4 + !. : 



And we did the s 



Quraysh (345), until l,c rcachcd luwat i: thc iiciithhourhood of RaJwa. 
11 1 1 1 v i 1 1 1 I i._ I nained there for the 

rest of RabWl-Akhir and part of Jum5da'[-CT]a. 



Then he raided the Quravsh ( ! 4 (.|. ile v,c:,t l,v tliu v.iv r,l It. Dmiir, 
hy I ayf.T'u-l-Khabar, anri haltud undcr a trcc"in ihu iall ev of Ibn A 
callud Dhatu'I-Sa(|, Thcri hc priucil anj thcrc ia bls miMCIUC. [u,"d 
prepared and ihcy all :i,c llicrc. Tlic piacc ocaipicd liy tlic stoncs w 






Ifyo 



They said to us. 

One whom our culturcd and intellicrcnt .iccept.' 

When they were obstinately contemious 

I attacked them hy thc sea-shore, to !eave them 
Likc .1 wiihercj lc.if ni! ,i rootless stalk. 



uyrj in tlic yallcy of Yanhu' clcrc '„• s\-,ppcd during Jumada'l- 
ome days of the fol!owing month. He madc a lrcatv of friend- 
: with E. Mudlij and thcir allics B. Damra, and thcn returned to 
rithout a fight. It was on this raid that he spoke the well-known 

j. Muhammad b. Khaytham al-MuhiirlbT frum Muhammad h. 
J"urazl from Muhammad b. Khaylham tlic tathcr of Yazid from 
3. Yiisir tolcl mu that tbe latlcr said: 'Ali and I were close com- 

1 thc raid of al-'Usli:n ,;, and v. luti llic anostle lialted thcre wc saw 



ime men of B. Mudlij working at a well and on the datt 
iggested' that we should go and see what the men were doin 

ul watchtil Ihcm Ft>r a timt until we im-h- ■ 



A learned traditionist told mc th.it the real reasi.n uln the jp..--tl,- calhd 
,1, Abi, Tiirt.h ™ lh.it whtnl 'Alf wa* angry with Fatima he would not 
leaktoher. He did not say anything to annoy hcr, hut hc usi-d ttisprinkk 
ist on his head. Wheneyer the apostle saw dust .». 'Ah's ln-ud hc lir.i-n 
t l i i n i nlli i ii 1 1 . «1 t,s\ourtrouble, O 



\l 1 .1.- 


But God knows 


the truth of the matter. 






THE H AID 


1 SA'D fl. ABtj WAQQAS 


Monwliilt ih 
Thrt-nii^i.ni.s 


apostie had sen 
[Icwcntasiii.- 
g (347)- 


sal-KharrarmiheHi_az. 


Tlci, 


THESAIDO 


N SAFAWAN, 


™,CH IS THE PlRSl 


RA.D 




lyetl only i Il-i 


nights, kss than ten, in 


Medi. 



came "back from raiding Al-'Ushayra, and then Kurz b, JSbir al-Kihri 
, |,| F „ri..iii m I IMtdu. I he apostle went out in search of 
him (< + S). unlil he reached a valley called Safawan, in the neighbourhood 
of iiadr. Kur/. cscaped him and he could not oyertake him. This was the 
rirst raid of Badr. Then the apostle returned to Medina and stayed there 
for the rest of Jumada'1 Akhira, Rajab, and Sha'ban. 



I. JAIj 



The Life o/ .1 1 



neyed for . 



: ■ 






,. Th, „a 






ih b. Jahsh, 'Ukkasha b. Mihsan, 
i. Ghazwan, Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas, 'Amir b. Rabi'a, Waqid b. 

ah, and Kbiiliil b. al-Bukayr,' 

: ' When you have read this letter of 






ihNakhlah 



,.,H- li I, 



ut for u 



■n \k-L-i 



' lhiv, 



or CJuraysl 



.hc.n k,.-l 



t forbidden 



antniic 






as the prophet has ordercd.' So he went on, as did all his companions, nt.t 
one of them falling back. Hc jtmi n..-. cd ulon« tbc Hijiz until at a mine 

were nding by tums, so thcy stayed behind to look for it,'v.hilc 'Abdullah 
and the rest of them went on to Nakhla. A carayan of Quraysh carrying 
tht raisins antl leathcr and ntiici iiiri.iinitJisc .,1 niiiav:,l ii.-ssl-J by -::. m, 
'Am,- b. al-I.Iadriin 140 I hmili. b Midullah b al-Mughira and his 
brothcr Na,..fal the Makhzumites, and al-Hakam h. Kaysin, treetlman 
ofHishimb. al-.Mughira bcing amn:i K 1 hcin. \\ hcn tln- carinnnsaw them 
tbey wcre nfraitl ol Ihcm because they had camped ncar them. 'Ukkasha, 
wiiii liad isiiatcd hi& head, looked down on thcm, anti when liicy saw tiiin 
.id, 'They are pilgrims, you haye nothing to " 



them.' 

day of Rajab, and they said, 'If yo 



inight they wi 



as the last 



attack them. Then 
many as they could 
al-Hadraml with an 



and take what they had. Waqid shot 'Amr b. 

ancl kilii.il liir. aiiJ '(.rh.nitn and al-Hakam 



'A fifth of what we have takcr, iul. .,,_,, .. -. tln- aposllc' (This was befort 
Clnd had appointed a fifth of the booty to him.) So he set apart for thi 
apoir.lc .1 i.lih of the earavan, and divided the rest among liis c.mpani.iiis 
When they came to the apostle, he said, 'I did not order you to fight ir 
thc satattl month,' and he held the carayan and the two prisoners in sus- 
pense and refused to take anything from thcm. When the apostle said that 
tlii. iiii-11 were in ilcsp.iir and thought that they were doomed. Their Mus- 



The Lije of Muhammad 






The. Life of Muhammad 


ched them for what they had donc, and ihe Quraysh 






aaid it), when Quraysh said, 'Mu 










taken booty, and captured mcn.' The Musjinis :u 






prisoners' <j S l): 






Yo 




intoanomena,;.iii-tlli .p-'!' \i n b il-Hi 1 " 




Bu 


graver is, if one judges rightly, 


,,.J m eant'flmara,Y7-Aflr.l(warha^nmc ., 




Yo 


r opposition to Muhammad's teac 


. ..,.,;, n.,r ,- premsst), i ■ ■■ 




ln 


beliri in it, which God sees and wi 



apostle: 'They will ask you about the 

and disbelicemg m Him and in the : 

sacrcd month, they have kept you bs 

it when you were its peoplc. This is s 
t S the ktlling of those of them whom 
v.orse tlian killing.' i.e. They used t 
until they made him return to unbel: 
with God than killing. 'And they w 
turn you back from yciur religion if l 
heinous acts than that 



■ to tlght you until they 
.e. They are doing morc 





'<■„',. i 


t.ui 


dowi 


about that and C 


od rciicwed the Mns 










theca 




Qu 


iysh ,, 






redeem 'Uthmi 








, '\\c 


























kliltln 




willk 


11 your two fricn 


s.' So 














Asfo 


■ 




Muslin 






with the apostk 




was kiilcd , 




Maun 


. 'L 












When 'Abdu 








len 


heQur 


n c: 


medoy 


-n, thcy werc a, 


n„„is r, 


" l" 



Then the apostle heard that Abij Sufyan b. Haib was coming from Syria 
with :'. l:i!i.'c caraean of Quraysh, contaming their money and merchandise, 
accouipanicd bv some thirty or forty mcn, of whom werc Makhrama b. 
Nauffil h. Ihayb b. 'Abdu Manaf b. Zuhra, a,ul 'A,nr b. a!-'As b. Wa'.l b. 
Hisham (352). 



Muh: 
'Abdull 



.,1 Hakr a 



idb.Rurr 






Irom Ihn 'Ahhas, each one of thcm to 



:.!-/. hii. 



llc made it permissible and gavc four-fifths to whom God b 
take it and one-nflh lo < iod and llis apostle. So it remainet 

,,f hat \liili 11 li i I i i I ' f tSnii car.uiin 

Ahii llnl.r s,i:.i cor.cerning 'Abdullah's raid (though others 



at Muhammad had called out his companions :i^i:nvi 1 - i r- r 
n. Ile tnok alarm at that and hired Pamdam b. 'Amr al- 
lt h.im tn Mccca, ordering him to callout Quraysh in detnnce 
-ty, and to tt-ll tliem thal Muh.aiiiiiiad was lying in wait fi.,r 
tpanions. So Damdam left for Mecca at full speed. 



290 The Lije of Muhammad 

'Abbas and Yazid b. Rumln from 'Urwa b al-Zub<; . ,i,n.| hicc k» 
before Pamdam art i I 'Atii-a . ■ .. I. . '■ ncdher. She sent 

to her brother a]-'Abb5s saying, "Brother, last night I saw a vision which 
frightened me and I am afraid that evil and misfortune will come upon 
your people, so treat what I tell you as a conlidence." He asked what she 
had seen, and she said, "I saw a rider coming upon a camcl who hallcd in 
thc vdlcy. Then he cried at the top of his voice, 'Comc rarth, people, 









Isaw 




nock to him, and then h 


ew-cr,tii.tothemosu 1 u.-'withthc 


pcopU 


fo]lowing 




While they were 


ound him his camel mountcd to 


theto 


of the Ka'ba. 


Then he calkd o 


ut again, using the same words 


1'hen his camel 




ed to the top of 


\;:i. U.iluics,' aml tic c.l.,1 .... 




Thcn hc seized 






theho 


ttom <rf th 






ieccs. There was not a house or 


adwcdlingir, Me 






,' ' al-'Abbas said, " By God, this 








you had better kcep quiet about it and not tel 








went out and met al-Walid b. 'Utba, who was a 




of his, anc 




him and asked him to keep it to himselt. al-Walid 


tol.i h 




d the 


story spread in Mecca until Quraysh were talking 


about 


l ii. ilici: 


■iihlic 


meetings. 





ld the temple, while Abu Jahl 
was sitting with a nunibcr of Quraysh talking about 'Atika's vision. When 
he saw me he said, 'Come to us whcn you have hnished going round the 
temple.' Whcn I had nnished I went and sat with them, and he said, 'O 
Banu'Abdu'1-Muttalib, since whc-n i:,ivi vou lni.l» f- ■■phctess amongyou?' 
■\„.l wliat do you mean by that ?' I said. 'That vision which 'Alika saw,' hc 
answered. I said, 'And what did she see?' Hc s.iid, 'Arc you nut satisticil 
thatyourmcnsho.il. ,1 [' i i . hhii should do so also? 

'Atika has alleged th 







We shall keep an eye on you these three days 


and if what shc 






then it 


cill 1k s,,; biit if thethre 










1 wriu 


you down as the greatest liars of th 


temple pcoplc 








Nothing much had pass 




s esecpt that I 






d denied that she had se 








Whc 


i night 






-Muilnl ■!, ■ III ■„■ 






id, II. 


ve you allowed this evil r 






thcn 






your women while you ] 






that 








*Bv God, 1 1 




thing 






h passed between us bu 


I swear by 




conlront him, and if hc repeats what he has 


said, I will nd you of hiro. 




Li«.'G 


„,, .„„> 


yc^dLoa.»,.,™*™^', 


Sjc. See Suhayll'» note rVi lot. 



On the third day a 



TkeLifeofM 
:r 'Atika's 



while 1 was enraged, thinking that 
1 naa icl sunicmui^ snp w.i.cci i wamed to get from him, I went into the 4: 

so thn lic- shotild repeat some of what he had said aiul I could attack him, 
for he was a thin man with sharp features, sharp tongue, and sharp sight, 
Io, he came out towards the door of the mosque hurriedly, and I said to 
myself, ">Vhat is the niatter with him, curse him, is all this for fear that I 
:!■ : ; : !iim?' But lo, he had hcard something which I did not hear, 

the voice of Damdam crying out in the bottom of the wadi, as he stood 

shin. whilr he waa sayisg, '( I OnrayBa, thc transport camels, the transport 
camels! Muhammad and his companions im: ivi:i- K in ,:.u: I... yt>ui pro- 
ptrty 1cl1i.il is with Abti Sufyan. I do not think tlrat you will overtaie it. 
Help! Hclp! 1 This diverted him and me from our arTair," 



The men prepared quickly, saying,"Do Muhammad and his companions 
raini? By God, they 

behind e\ccpt Yb 1 I 1I1 I I r 1 | 1 I H h 11, I il 

Mughira w lio owed him four thousand dirhams which hc could not pay. 

deht. So hewcntonhis hcli h 11 I il 1 uic.I behmd.' 

'Abdullah b. Abu Najlh told mc that Umayya b.Khalat' luul drcidt-d to 
stay at home. He was a stately old man, corpulent and heavy. 'Uqba b. 
Abii Mu':iyt came to him as he was sitting in the mosque among his com- 
panions, carrying a censer burning with scented wood. He put it in front 
of ium ,ind said, 'Scent yourself with that, for you belong to the womenl' 
'Gucl cursc vou Liiid whiit yuu have brought,' he said, and then got ready 
and went out with the rest. When lhe> lin! Kiiishcd thcir preparations 
Jn 1 i 1 li 11 11 11 11 1 r i t 1 1 ti 11 was between them 

and B. Bakr b. 'Ahdu Manat b. Kinitna, and were ahraid that they would 
attack them in the rear. 

The cause of the war bctween Ouraysh and B. Bakr, according to what 4] 
one of B. 'Amir h. Lu'ayy from Muhammad b. Sa'id b. al-Musayyab told 
of fjafs b. al-Akhyaf, onc of the B. Ma'is b. 'Amir b " " 



Hcha 






:,!'l„. 



1 i)ai„au. 



I le passcd lic ' ^mir b. Yazid h. 'Amir b. al-Mulawwih, one of B. Ya'mar b, 
'Auf b. Ka'b b. 'Amir b. Layth b. Bakr b, 'Ahdu Maniit b. KinSna in 
PajnSn, hc being the chief of B. Bakr at that time. When he saw him he 
liked him and asked him who he was. When he told him, and had gone 
away, he called his tribesmen, and asked them if there was any blood 



2 9 , Tht Life of Muhammad 

ouurtanding with Quraysh, and when they said there V 






ge for the blood Quraysh had shed. Whcn Quraysh discussed tk 
:r, 'Amir b. Yazld said, 'You owed us blood so what do you want> i 
rish pay us what you owe us, and we will pay you what we owe. 
vant only blood, man for man, then ignore your claims and we wi 
e ours'; and since this \n;:ih waa of HO gTI 11 iinportance to this cla 
traysh, they said, 'Al! right, man for man', and ignored his death an 



Now while his brother Mikrai 
'Amir on a camel, and as soon as 1 
hiscamelkneelbesidehim. 'Ami 



irr al-ZahrSn he saw 
t up to him and made 
andMikraitbrought 



ns of the Ka'ba. When mon 



men, and they occupi 
to go to Badr they rei 



bered the yendetta with 



I said to njjr« 

would be the. end of hii 
1 swooped down on him, on a brav 

When we came to grips I did no 

I slaked my vengeance, forgetting r 
forgo (353). 



word, it 

son of ignoble 
only weailings 



Yaztd b. Riiman from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr told me that when Quraysh 
were ready to set off they remembered their quarrel with B. Bakr and it 
almost deterred them from starting. However, Iblls appeared to them in 
the form of Suraqa b. Malik b. Jutham al-Mudliji who was one of the 
chiefs of B. Kinana saying, 'I will guarantee that Kinana will not attack 
you in the rear,' so they went off speedily. 

The apostle set rrnl in Ik innmh of kamadan (35+). He gave the nagto 

3 Mus'abb.'Umayrb.Hlshimb.'AbduManafb.'Abdu'l-Dar(355). The 

apostle was preceded by two black nags, one with 'Ali called al-'Uqab and 

■'■: one of the Ansar. His companions had seventy camels on 






Tke Lilt 1,1 Muhammad at 

rns : the apostle with 'AII and Marthad b. Abu Ma 
:amel ; Hamza and Zayd b. Haritha and Abu Kabsl 
if the apostle one camel ; and Abu Bakr, and 'Uma 
b. 'Auf one camel. The apostle put over the rca 
of B, Mlnn b. al-Xaji.tr (356). 






niM.-ili 



'Aqiq, Dhu'l-Hulayfa, and tTlatu'1-Jaysh (357). Ther . 

Maial, Gli:!nilMi'l-I.IaillJm, siik!„l\ isllll- 1 j::j" . Jii.l S,i\;;la; llieii hy tlie 
ravirte ol aI-R:nil::T tn Shauukj.. ivhk-h is the direct route, until at Trqu'l- 
Zab V ;i (35S) hc met a nomad. He asked him about the Quraysh party, bot 
foundthat he had no news. Thc people s;u,i. 'Sjlut,: Go,i's apostlc.' He 
said, Tlave you got God's apostle with you?' and when thcy said that they 
had, hesaid, Tf you jre Go,1's npi.sik . iIkj, lell me what is 10 the belly of 

and she has in her belly a littk goat from youl' The apostle said, 'Enough! 
You have spoken obsceneiy to the man.' Then he turned away from 

The apostle stopped at Sajsaj which is the well of al-Rauha' ; then went 
on to al-Munsaraf. leavine the Meccan road on the left, and went to the 

teighhourhood he 4: 



a wadi called Ruhqan r 



.1: Xjz: 



:■-,'.. 

ZaghbsV al-Juhai,:. aliy of V. al-N":iij5r, to Badr to scout for news a 

anii v. Iien iiir got 10 al-Safr.V, which is a yillage between nvo mountair 
iske.j what llieir imncs llrtc. II: IU wki titst tliry WCK Muslih 
Mukhrt'V He asked about their inhabitants and was toli.i thm the\ 
B. al-Narand B. Huraq,' two cians of B. Ghifar. The apostle drew 
id them that I 



:li-S.ltV.V ,, 









to a wadi called Dhanran which he crossed and then 

News came to him that Quraysh had set out to protect their caravan, 
and he tnld the people of this and asked their advice. Abii Bakr and then 
'Umar got up and spokc well. Then al-Miqdad got up and said, 'O apostie 

of Gml.gi.i whi-n- Gi.ii lclls you for « :ire i.ilh you. >.Ve wi'.l nut s;-.v :is the 
childieiinl Israel said in Moses, "You and your Lord go and fight and we 



294 2^ E Life of Muhammad 

with you. By God, if you were to take us to Bark al-Ghimld,' we would 

fight resolutelc tvitli vou againsl ils deicnders until you gained it.' The 
apustle thankcd biiti anil iilessed him. Then he said, 'Give me advicc, 
Men,'-by which he meant the Ansar. This is becau.se thcy icjrmcd tbe 
majority, and because when they had paid homage to him in aI-'Aqaba 
they stipulated that they were not responsible for his saiety until he entered 
thc ir terriroi ti 1 tl, t v hc n hc was there they would protect him as they 
did thcir wives and childreil. So the apostle was afraid that the Ansar 
would not feel obliged to help him unless ' 









,n thcm 



> go w 



.sords 



,;. khir.c 






you something which will bnng you joy, so take us along with God's 
blessing.' Theapostkwasddn : hich greatly encou- 

raged him. Then hesaid, 'Forward in good heart, for God has promised 
me one of the two parties, 2 and by God, it is as though I now saw the 
enemy lying prostrate.' Then the apostle journeyed from Dhafran and 
went over passes called Asarir, Then he dropped down from them to a 
town called al-Dabba and left al-Hannan on the right. This was a huge 

one of his companions (359) rode on, as Muhammad b. Yahya l>. IJalihaii 
toldme, until he stopped by an old man of the Beduin and iniiuu 1 1!. it 
Quraysh and about Muhammad and his companions, and what he had 
heard about them, The old man said, 'I won't tell you until you tell me 
which party you belong to.' The apostle said, 'If you tell us we will tell 
you.' He said, 'Tit for tat?' 'Yes,' he replied. The old man said, 'I have 
heard that Muhammad and his companions went out 011 such-and-such a 
day. If that is true, today they are in such-and-such a place,' referring to 
the place in whici was, 'and I heard that Quraysh 

went out on such-and-such a day, and if this is true, today they are in 
such-and-siKh ;i phce,' jtieartmg tlie ouc in wlndi lhcv acluallc nci. 
When he had (inished he said, 'Of whom are voui' The apostle said, 'We 
i t ,1 il II 1 I ,1 , 1 | ,,, sitm g ,'Whatdoes 



The Life of Muhammad 






,■ botl, 



al-Zubayr told 

me, and they fell in with some water-camels of Quraysh, among whom 
were Aslam, a skve of B. al-Hajjaj, and 'Arid Abu Yasar, a young man of 
It AI-'As ii. Sa r id ati.l thcy bmiijtht them alung and qucstit)i)ct] tlieiri 
while the apostle was standing praying. They said, 'We are the watermen 
of Quraysb , they sent us to get them wnter.' The people were displeased 
at their report, for they had hoped that they would belong to Abii Sufyan, 
si) tliey lieat them, and when they had beaten them soundly, the two men 
said, 'Wc bclong to Abii Sufyan,' so they let them go. The apostle bowed 
and prostrated himself twice, and said, 'When they told you the truth you 
beat them; and when they lied you let them alone. They told the truth; 
they do belong to Quraysti. Tell mc v.,u two about the CJuraysh,' 1 They 
repbed, 'Thev are bebind this hill which you see on the fa«hest side.' 
(The hill was aI-'Aqanqal.) The apostle asked them how many they were, 
and wheri tbey said, 'Many,' he askcd for the number, but they did nnt 
know; so he asked them how many beasts they slaughtered every day, and 
when they said nine or ten, hc said, "I".. pcnpie arc bctween nine hundred 
and a thousand,' Then he asked how many nobles of Quraysh wcre 
among them. They said: "Utba, Shayba, Abu'1-Bakhtari, HakTm, Naufal, 
al-Harith b. 'Amir, Tu'ayma, al-Nadr, Zama'a, Abii Jahl, Umayya, Nabih, 
Munabbih, Suh,iv]. 'Amr b. 'Abdu Wudti/ Thc spostlc went to the people 
and said, 'This Mecca has thrown to you the pieces of its liver!'= 

Basbas and 'Adiy had gone on until they reachcd Badr, and halted on a 
hill near the water. Then they took an old skin to fetch water wlnle Maidi 
b. 'Amr al-Juhani was by tbe water. 'Adiy and Basbas heard two girls 



■ atid ttiltl hitn wbat thc\ had 1,1 



rdttiis', androdeorlto 



oticed anything. :];: [Cicicd <:■ 11 lu- icid ,... 



Sutyan 



!,., Ihc ! 






God,' he said, 'this is the fodder of Yathrib.' He returned at once to his 
ct,r;p:,iv.)iis and changed the caravan's direction from the road to the sea- 
shore leaving liadr on the lv +>. ■ . . as possible. 

Qurayshad\ u 1 lienti . 1 1 al-Juhfa Juhaym b. al-Salt b. 

Makhrama b. a[-Muttalib saw a vision. He said, 'Bclwcen waking and 



_ 9 6 The Life »f Muham 

slec-pmg I snw a iran adYancing on a horsc 
halted and said: "Slain are 'Utba and Sh: 
Umayya" (and hc v,i:.u on to cmimc-rati. thc i 
all nobies of Quraysh). Then i saw lum st;, 
send it loose into the camp, and every single 
Wood.' Whcn the story reached Abu Jahl he : 
from B. al-Muttalib! He'll know tomorrow i 



nt was bespattered with its 
([. 1 k i c- 's anothcr prophet 
Yemeet themwlioisgoiiiK 






iioback.' AbiiJahlsaid/ByGod, 
to Badr'— Badrwasthe site <>f nnc 
)ldamarketev_ryycar. 'We will 






spend threc days there, slaughter camels a 
the girls shall play for us. The Arabs wil 
gatliered togctb.r, and wi!l rcspect us m futi,re. So cnmc nn' 

AI-Akhnas b. Shariq b. 'Amr b. Wahb al-Th_qafi, an ally of B. Zuhra 
who were in al-Juhfa, addressed the latter, saying, 'God has saved you 
and your property and delivered your companion Makhrama b. Naufal; 
and as you only came out to protect him and his pror i 1 1 - 
charge of cowardice on me and go back. There is no point in going to war 
without pront as this man would have us,' meaning Abu Jahl. So th.y 
returned and not a single Zuhrite was present at Badr. Tbey obeyed him 
as he was a man of authority. Every clan of Quraysh was reprcsented 
(>„|il, \ , i, , Ka' I uot nne of them took part, so with thc return of 
B. Zuhra with al-Akhnas these two tribi 
There wassome discussion betwt ,-.i 'I ili: 1 ", h. A1V: '] alih. v. 
army, and some of Quraysh. The latter sa 



T:i : l, :lf 









with us 



.<:, M.r_ 



TSlib 



, if Talik) goes forth to war unwillmg.y 

Let him be the plundered not the plunderer, 
The vanquished not the victor (361). 
<, Quraysh went on until they halted on the farther side of the wadi 

hcbiml al-'Aqai,i|al. Tiic hc.l ol thc- waili Yalyal was hetween Badr and 

al \cj,n,|il th, 1 'I I ,h I ' - ' ' '■ '' dls " I; -" 1 ' 

.cere on thc sicle of the wadi bed nearest to Medina. God s. ir 1 111 1 . h 



Tke Life of Muhammad 






ic- sloppcl; .: cislnii was b.iilt aiicl 
rcplenished their diinking-.esscls. 
ic- i.ils iiihirmeil tiiat Sa'd b. Mu'adh 
a booth (T. of palm-iir.uichcs} l'.,r 
hai-c cour rniino caiiieis .[auding h;, . thcii « v.ill mcc-l 

111 mount your camels and join our people who are left 

e just as deeply attached to you as we are, Had they 

Yould be nghting they would not have stayed behind. 

_.__. jOU by them; they will give you good counsel and iight 

withyou.' The aposrl, [lu-.nkcd birn and blessed him. Thcn a botith was 

constructed for the apostle and he remained there. 

Quravsh, having marched rerth at daybreak, now can 

apostlc sav,- them clcscending fr.im the hill 'Aqanqal in 

__,_j ... ri-j l,.- e c - me the Guraysh in their v__iity and pnde, contending 

i „,. Thv apostl. a liar. O God, grant the help which 

'■ ningl' Before uttering 



the encmy I 
hchind, for 



:.-. yoii 



on. When the 



Thou didst p. 



c:\lfth 



: ifthe-yobey him.they will 1:,: 
way.' Khufaf b. Aima' b. Rahada, or his father Aima' b. Rahada al- 
GhiEri, had sent to Quraysh, as they passed by, a son of li.s with some 
camels for slaughter, which hc ■ u, lt „ u v,_nt us 
to supiwrl i,m with arms and mcn, w_ will do so;' but they sent to hun the 
.ollowing message by the mouth of his son-'You have done all that a 
kinsman ought. If we are hghting only men, we are surely cqu:.l to thein ; 
ire nghting God, as Muhammad alleges, n. 



tand Him 
.■asHaklmb. r..ix-m,v 



'en Qu'ray 






!, ,1,01(1 



,,f tliL aposilc todrink. T.i-ttl: 



V.i..l,. ,1,1 


othcr learned 








lb al-Jumahi t 


rs. He rode on horseback 


undred me 


n, a httle more 



The Life of Muh, 






the v_IIev hul s:m iiutiung. ()„1iis return he said, 'I found nothing, but 
people of Quraysii, I havc seen eiimtls carrymg Death— the camels of 
Yathrib laden with certain death. These mert have no dcfence or refuge 
but thcir swords. By God ! I do not think that a man of them will be slain 
till he slay one of you, and if they kill of you a number equal to their own, 
what is the good of Liying after that? Considcr, then, what vou will do.' 
When Hakim b. Hizam hcard those words, he went on foot amongst the 
foIk until he came to 'Utba b. Rabi'a and said, 'O Abu'1-Walid vou arc 
chief and lord of Quraysh and he whom they obey. Do 



11»«, 






'Utba aaid, 

e, O Hakim ?' Hc answered, 'Lead them back and take up 
■ ally, 'Arnr h. al-Hadromi.' ' I will do it,' said 'Utba, 'and 
" my word): he was undcr my protcc- 



ayhisbloo 



edofhisi 



(li, bis kinsmcn). Now go you to Ibn ai-Hanzaliya 
any onc will make trouble except him (362).' Then 'Utba rose to s| 
and said, '0 people of Quraysh! By God, you will gain naught by gi- 
battle to Muhammad and his companions. If you fall upon him, each 
of you will always be looking with loathing on the face of another who 



•n back ar 



;e Mub 



1 uncle 
tad to the 1 



, 'Ist 



:o God tl 



.' I.hlm 



'I-Muttalib came forth against him, and 

He feil on his back and lay there, blood streaming from his foot towards 4. 
his comrades. Then he crawled to the cistern and threw himself into it 
with ihe purpose of fulfijling his oath, but Hamza followed himandsmote 

Then after him 'Utba b. Rabi'a stepped forth between his brother 
Shayha and his son al-Walid b. 'Utba, and when he stood clear of the 
ranks gave the challenge for single combat. Three men of the Ansar camc 
out against him: 'Auf and Mu'awwidh the sons of Harith (their mother 
was 'Afra) and another tnan, said to have been 'Abdullah b. Rawaha. The 
Quravsh said, 'Who arc you:' 1 ::■ .■ an=v i-rcd, S.imi. of tlie Ansar,' where- 

the herald of Quraysh shouted, 'O Muhammad ! Send forth against us our 
peers of our own tribe!' The apostle said, 'Arise, 'Ubayda b. Harith, 
and arise, O Hamza, and arise. 'Ali.' W. whcn they arose and ap- 
proached thcm, the Quraysh said, 'Who ari 



'Ubayda < 



me, they 



, 'Yes, lliese :i 



1 'Utba b 



' Now 



'Utbi has sent me < 

what'Utbahad saic 

fear)whenh 

not turn back until God 



:swollen(with 
nicn,. \.,, byGcd v,,. will 
d Muhammad. 'Ltba does 



'Ainir b. al-I.Iadrami, saying, "Tbis ally of vours 
the folk at this time when you see your bl„od-re 
Artse, therefore, and remind them of your covei 






'I tba wchangcd two blows with on 

Thcii Haraza and 'Ali turned on 'Utba with tiuir swords md ttispatd 

(T. 1318. 2. Hisleghad been cutoffanJ it m .1 . ,. m_ ii ,11 

Whcn , lirou t I 1 a\da tothe prophet he said, 'Am I not a mart 
O apostle of God?' 'Indeed you are,' he replied, Then 'Uhayda sa 









Then they advanced and drew neat to one another. The apostle had 

arro Ih hi II 11 1 . „ 1 , nh Abu Bakt. I was informed 

!>> Ahii JiiT.ii Muhammad b. al-Husayn that the battle of Badr was fought 



The Lije oj Muhammad 



ty of 'Abdulhh 

■:L:l»bm!!.i' 
\bu Jahl cried. 



is before 






yours.' The apostlc blcsscil him. 
Then the apostle straightened the ranks and returned to the hut and 
entered it, and none was with him there but Abu Bakr. The apostle was 
beseediing liis I.ord for the help which He had ptomised to hirn, and 
among his words were these : [ God, if this band perish today Thou wilt 
be worshipped no more.' But Abii Bakr said, 'O prophet of God, your 
constant entreaty will annoy thy Lord, for surely God will fulfil His 
promise to thee.' V-.' r :. ' : • 

then he awoke and said, 'Be of good cheer, O Ahu Bakr. God's help is 
come to you. Kere is Gabtiel holding the rein of a horse iind lcidin^ it. 






cth.' 



The rirst Muslim that iell was Mihja', 
v. Then '" 



hy :,,. 



lg from the c 



is throa 



nliewi 
y b. al-I 
id killed 



5 Then the ipostle went forth to the people and incited them saying, 'By 
GoJ in whose hanJ is the nniil i.l MuIiii: iinsil nn ni.ui wil! hc sl.iir ihis 
dai [iehllllg ilirnuisi thelll witll slciidtiist roiiragi- advani'ing nol relrcaline 
hut G.i.i will caus.: li:i:i 10 c.Hlt ['arridisc,' 'L ncir b nl-Hurniim bi.ither 
or B. Salima was eating some dates which he had in his hand. Tine, Fine !' 
g Paradise s:ivc tti bc 



kiUed by th 

anj linigiit iigitinst th 



" He Tlung the datcs from his hanj. sc 
: wasslain, [sayiny the uhil.' 



'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada told me that 'Auf b. Harith— his n 

'AfrrV— said '0 aposth nf I ind, w Ii.il m.ikrs the Lord laugh with 
servant?' He answcred, 'Wlien he plunges into thc midst of 
without mail.' 'Auf drcw off ihe mail-cmit that was on hint an 
away : then hc seized his sword and Tought the enemy till he w 



While 






v laitlii: i.amls "i 



ii the vi 






le Isltk 111 



is i li: 



at wliat tbcy were doing. He 
said"to"him" 'You seem to dislike what the pcople are doing.' 'Yes, by 446 
God,' he replied, 'it is thc first deteat that God has brought on the infidel 
anJ I v.uu1lI rnthcr sec tlicm slaughtered than left alive.' 

Al-'Abbas b. 'Abdullah b. Ma'bad from one of his family from Ibn 
•Abbas told mc th : helattei « prophet »aid to his companions 

that dav, '1 know that. sumc nf B. Hjshim and others have becn torced to 
come out against their will and have no dcsire to fight us; so if any of you 
mect one of B. Hashim or Abu'1-Bakhtari or al-'Abbas the apostle's uncle 

Hudhayta said:''Are we to kill our fathcrs and our sons and our brothers 
aml our iamilies and leave al-'Abbas? By God, if I mcet him I will flesh 
my sword in himl' (367). 

Tlus saying rcached thc apostk's ears and he said to 'Umar, 'O Abu 
y a fs'— anil 'L'mar said that this was the Tirst time the apostlc culled him 
by this honorirk— 'ought the face of the apostle's uncle to be marked with 
the sword !' 'Umar replicd, [ I,et inc off with his licad! By Gnd, the mjr 
is a fslsc Musli.u.' 1 Abii HudhayTa uscd to say, 'I never fclt satr aiter my 
words that day. 1 was always airaid unlcss marlyrdom attincd tor tliciri.' 
He was killed as a martyr in the battle of al-Yamama. 

The reason why the apostle torbade the killing of Abu'1-Bakhtari was 
because he had kept back the people in Mecca from the apostle; he neyer 
inaulted him or did anything offensive; and he took a prominent part in 
thecancelhng. th . .1 ' . ' >i l-,Ii hadwntten agatnst B. Hashim 

and B al Muttiil. \n I '■ ■ .' '1 1 '''"'i ' >»i >' 

the Ansar, of the clan " 
that the apostle had fo: 



as them to kill him. Now al-'As Al 



Tke Lije oj Muhammad 
was accompanied by his fellow-rider Junada h, Mulayha d. Zuhayr b 
arith b. Asad uho uas nnc ..I I!. I,:ivtli, and he said, 'And what abou 
"neml hcrci' 'No, l.y Gi.d,' said al-Mujadhdhar, 'we arc not goirtg t. 
c ....iir h-iri.il. '1'hc apostlc gavc us ni.k-is ab,.u: v.u, .,..h ' 'lu iiia 
,' he said, 'I will dic with him. The women of Mecca shall not say tha 

tsoolt my friend to savc my ov.ii hft.' If.- utt. u n ■ ,..• , ! 

i. i mc at himand he insisted on %hting: 

son of the free betrays not his friend 



Till hi 



. dead, o 

-Mujadhdhar killed him and com; 

vo„ httsrntLeit: 



Then note well my Iine 



Tell Bakhtari that lic s i.ni.mJ 
Ortellmysonthelikeofme. 
Iamheofwhomitissaidmyo 
When I thrust in my spear it be. 
1 kill my oppnnent with a sharp 
I vi arn lni death likc a camel ov 
You will not see Mujadhdhar rel 



Then al-Mujadhdhar went to the apostle and told hi 

..],!, ,i ..';.kc hir p.isnncr and bring him to him but 
Ml nghting and the re ' ' 



t+S Yahya b. 'Abbad 



'Abdullah h. al-Zuba 
llah h. Ahii Hakr ai 
Kahman I. 'A..f told me thc samc, s 



Id me on the authority of 
hers on the authority of 
;:'Umayyab. Khalafwas 
fu 'Amr, but f was called 



,'hllah." Thenhesai 



n fram Sa'd h. Ibrahim from his fal 
ne that the latter said: Umayya said to 



ciiiii .'.!' Muhammad, and Bilal kcpt saying 'One! One!' As soon as h 
hini he saki, 'The arch-infidel Umayya b. Khalaf! Mav I uol live i 
.ives.' IsakV(vYuuhl v„u miack}mv prisuncrsi' llin l.t hcpt crvingoti 



that hc i'cll down and Umayya let out a crysuch as I I 
I said to him ' Makc your escape' (though he had no cl 
do nothing for you.' They hewed them to pieces w 
they were dead. Abdu'1-Rahman used to say, 'God 



of ii. Cibiirtrtoldme: I and a. 



m Ibn 'Abbas: 'A m: 



an,l h,- ilied cn Ih 



.1, ll:,v. 



' As for : 



heneighingofhorsesan 



'Abduilah b. Abii Bakr from one of B. SH.u I. „. \l I- ,iWI 
1 h.i , 1, . ( , . i l.t I I i i he had lost his sight It 

I were in Bsdr today and had my sight I could show you thc glen from 
whieh the angcls euiergcd. 1 huvi iinl the sliRl.tcsl ik.t.br im iln: point.' 

Mv lalbt r Isbtu: h. Yas.lr fram men of B. M9zin b. al-Najjilr tniui AhQ 
Da'ud al-Mtaint, who was at Badr, told me: 'I was pursuing a polytheist 4: 
at Hiidr ... smite him, when his head fell off before I could get at him with 
inv sword, and I kncw that soniconc clse h.nl kilied hir.i.' 

One abovc suspieion from Miqsam, frecdman of 'Ahdullah 1. ;iil hintli 
from 'Abdullah b. 'Abbas, told me, 'The sign of tht angcls ,ir liadr was 
white turbans Aowing behind them: at Hunayn they wore red turbans' 

' One abnvt suspieion fr m. M.ijsam from Ibn 'Abbastold me: Thc angels 



304 TheLifeof \hihammail 

did not right in any battle but Badr. In the othcr batl 

rci„f,»rcc,„cnts. hul [hcydidnotnght. 
As hc was nghttng that day Abu Jahl was saying: 



atiThaui 



itllrui 



'Ikrii, 



iri 'Abhiis t.iid me; ;.,-, ireU as 'Abdull; 

16— was Mu'adh b. 'Amr b. al-Jamuh, brother of B. Salama, whom 

>ortcd as sjying I heard tlie people saying whcn Abij Jahl was in a 
ihickct, 'Al„i'l-Hakam cannot be g.it at' (373). When I heard that 

feU upon him and iiich. . I 1 . !>]„ , h scnt his tbot a„d balt 
lk Aying. I can only liken it to a date-stone nying f f om the pestle 



son 'Ikrima 
1 11 bytheskinfror 



,11 ti.c sh 



ildcr 



,r,clh-il i„, 



to leave him. I fought thc 

tore it orr.' He lived after that into thc reign of 'Uthman. 

Mj ' "' ' 1 ■ I \ .' i h 1 1 icrc helpless and sm 

111 , ,1,11, , 

' I U, '. .h I 1 edbyAbuJs" ' 



earchcd for ai 






ung they 



>D Jahl an 



iccply that lt left a permanent 

Mcc. lit.h.m H s f,od put you to shame, you enemy^ G?d" 

He rcplied 'How bas He shamcd me? An, J anuhing mcrc rcmaikahJc 
tliai, aman yi.u ba.e killcdr' '[VII mc h„v. i] ;i - hattle wcnt. Hc told him 

th t" T» i , r, , f fc 0Ur °' G ° d and His apostle <374)- 
' 'atlbnMas'' 



imbcd hi,;,.. v 



ing, 'This i' 



Thcn 



jf God, 



Abii Jahl.' He said, 'Ey God than Whom there is no other, is it?' (This 

uscd lo bc hia i.ath.) 'Yis,' I s.tul. nnd 1 thrcw his hcaci hcli.rc rhc aposrle 
aini hc gavc ihanks 111 Gtid (175). 



,ch„ Sf 



The Life of Muhmnmad 

Hurthanal-Asadl.alh, o: ii. 
vas broken in his hand. H( 

cudgci telling him tn tight witli that. Whcn 






took it he brandished it 
sword, and he fought v 

sword cvas called al-'Aun and he had it with him in all the battles he iought 
with the apostle until hnally he was ktllcd in the rebelhon, still hclding it. 
' ■ ' -Asndi' killed hjm, and this is what he said 






What do you think about a people when ynu kill th 
Are they not men though they are not Muslims ? 
If camels and women were captured 
You will not get away scatheless after killing HibSl. 
Iset Hima!a's breast against them— a mare well use 
if 'Warriors down to the nghtl' 



(One day ym 

Another day unencumbered dash 
The night I left Ibn Aqram lying 
And 'Ukkisha the Ghanmite dcad 



ir.iy) 



id i.i7"). 



When the apostle said, '70,000 of my pecplc shall enter Paradise like the 
full nmon' TkkJsha askcd if he could be one of them, and rhe apostle 
prayed that he might be onc, One of the W , . , „. 1, 1 ,., , 

too might be onc til thcn, a::d hr icniicd. I 'JrLrsha l,as iorcstalled you 
and the prayer is cold.' ' 

I have heard from his iamily that the apostle said: 'Ours is the bt 
horseman among the Arabs,' and when wc asked who he said that it w 
'Ukkasha, Whcn Dir.tr I». ;! ! A Mr ,,1-Asadi said, 'That is a man of our: 
the apostle answered, 'He is not yours but . ,„ lh„ „ I I 

1 ■ I , l'i,n -m from 'Urwa b. al-Zub;,yi fr„„, ' . 

pit thcy were all thrown in exce.pt Umayya b. Khalaf whose body had swelh 






that it nlled it 
sintegrated ; so they lelt it where it was and neaped eartl 
. As they threw them into the pit the apostle stood ar 

,1 :]..■ pit, havc you found that what God threatened is 



asked : " Are you speaking to dead people ?" He replied that they knew 
what (lieir l.onl had promised them was true.' 'A'isha said: : Pcoplc s.iv 
that he said "They hear what I say to them," but what he said was "They 



Humayd al 
O 'Utba, O £ 



The Life of Muhammad 
n awil told me that Anas b. Malik said: 'The apost!e's 
lim saying in llii miilillt of llic iiight "O people nf th 
ayba, O Umayya, Abu Jahl," enumerating all wh 
vhat God promise. 



t my Lord promised rr 

..lies?" He answered: "You 

the apostle said that day, '0 peopie of the 

n.ir 1..-I,] -,hct. You callcd me a liar when 

agamst mc when othcrs tought on my side.' Then he added 'Hara you 

l-.at your Lord promised you is true?' 



others believed me ; you 



HilS! 



wellings of Zaynab 



Quench the heat of the sorrowing brcast 

\ .i :i„ nleofaliar, 

0f what God did on the day of Badr, 

Giving U3 victory over the p 

The day when thelr multitude was likc I 

Whose foundationa appear at sunset. 



[n their hands « 



:h thick 



The sons of Aus the leaders 
The sons of al-Najjar in the strong 
Abii Jahl we left lying prostrate 
And 'Utha we kft on the ground. 
Shayba too with others 



The apostle of God ca 



t.. ;::cir 



'Have yau tound that 1 spoke the truth ? 
And the command of God takes ho!d of thi 



Tht Ufs of Muha, 
Thcy spoke not. Had they spoken thcy ;i . 



'Thou 



st right and thy judgment was sound.' 



When the apostle gave the order for them to bc thrown into the pit 
•Utba was dragged to it. I have been told that thc apostlc lonked at llie 
facc of his son Abu I.Iudhayfa, and lo he was sad and his colour had 
chiUlged. He said, 'I fcar that you fcel deeply the fate of your lather' or 
words to that effect. 'No,' he said, 'I have no misgivings ahout my father 
and his death, but I uscd to know my fatlicr as a umc, cidtiucd, aiiil i ii - 
tuous man and so I hopcd that he would bc guided to Islam. When I 
saw what had bcfallen liim and that he had died in unhelief after my hopes 
toi lnm it iil 1. i i 1 mi 1 Iil ipo lle blesscd liim ai:d ip.,1 n . t 1 , 

I have becn told that the Quran came down about certain men uhu wcrc 
killed at Badr: 'Those whom the angels took who were wronging them- 
selvcs they asked, What were you (doing) ? They said : We were oppressed 
in t±e earth. They said: Was not God's earth wide enoueh thiu vi.ii cotild 
l.avc migratecl thcrein: As for them their habitation will be hcll— an evil 4: 
resort." Thcy were: al-Harith b. Zama'a; Abu Qays b. al-Fakih; Abu 
Qays b. al-Wnlid , 'A!i b Umayja; and al-'As b. Munabbih. These had 
bi-en Mnslims whilc the apostle was in Mecca. Whcn he migrated to 
Medina thcir fathcrs and families in Mecca shut them up and seduced 
them and they let themsclves be seduced. Then they joined their people 
in the expedftion to Badr and were all killed. 

Then the apostle ordered that everything that had been collected in the 
camp should be brought together, and the Muslims quarrcll 1 ,i'. r it 
Thosc who had collr. i.-t; it claim.d it, and those who had iought and 
pursued the enemy claimed that had it not been for them there would 
have been no booty and that had thcy not engaged thc cncniy thcy would 
DOt have been ablc to get anything; while those who were guarding the 
apostle iest thc u: . .: ■•:!. . Iniiiul that Unv had n i nnl 

right, for they had wanted to ricjil i!:c iii, i::i . and t;tcv ti.i.1 uanterl to 
seiie the booty when there was none to deiencl n. hut they wcrc airaid 
that the enemy might return to the chargc and so they kcpt their position 






Ali.in';- 



b. al-lliirith andnthersof our 
Makhul from Abu Umama al-Bal 
Samit about the chapter of al-Anfdl 



Iriends from 



down concerning 



'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that MlKk b. Rabi'a one of B. Sa 'ida 4. 
from Abu Usayd al-Saidi said: 'I got a sword belonging to B. 'A'idh the 
Makhzumit.es which was callcd . I .1 u ul i .. l:a . the apostle ordered 



30» 


The Life o/ Muhammad 




ofspoils. Now 
al-Arqam b. Ab 


in what they had taken I came and th 
he apostle never held back anything h 


e was askcd for and 
r it and the apostle 



Then the apostle sent 'Abdullah b. Rawaha with thc good news of the 
victory to the people of Upper Medina, and Zayd b. Hiritha to the people 
of Lower Medina. Usami b. Zayd said: 'The ncws came to us as we had 

'Uthman h. 'Affan, (the apostle haying left me hehind with 'Uthman to 
look after her), that Zayd b. Haritha had come. So I went to him as he 
was standing in the plaee of prayer surrounded by the people, and he w r as 
saying: " 'Utba and Shayba and Abu Jahl and Zama'a and AbO.'1-Bakhtari 
and Umayya and Nubayh and Munabbih have been slain." I said, "Is 
this true, my father?" and he said, "Yes, hy God it is, my son.'" 

Then the apostle bcgan his return journey to Medina with the un- 
believing prisoners, among whom were 'Uqha b. Abu Muayt aiul .il-Nadr 
b. al-Harith, The apostle carried with him tbe booty that had been taken 
from the polytheists and put 'Abdullah b. Ka'b in charge .of it, A rajaz 
poet of the Muslims (379) said : 

Start your camels, O Basbas! 

There's no halting-place in Dhu Talh' 
' ofGhumayr: - 



: 



:dup. 



God having given victory and Akhl 
Then the apostle went forward until when 1 
al-SafrS' he halted on the sandhill hetween the 
Sayar at a tree thcre and divided the booty whi 
Muslims equally. ! Then he marched until be 
Muslims met him congratulating him : ' ' 



md al-Naziya called 
1 had grantcd to the 
d Rauha' when the 
the Muslims on the vktnry Clod 
'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada and 
YazTd b. Rumantold me — said, 'What are you congratulating us about? 
By God, we only met some bald old women like the sacriricial camels 
who are hobbled, and we slaughtered them!' The spostle smiled and 
said, 'But, nephew, thosewere 1: apostlj vm r 

al-Safra\ al-Nadr was killed by 'AH, as a learned Meccan told mc. When 
he was in 'Irqu'l-Zabya 'Uqba was killed (381). He had been captured by 
'Abdullah b. Salima, onc of the B. al-'Ajlln. 

When the apostle ordered him to be killed 'Uqba said, 'But who will 
look after my children, Muhammad?' 'He!l\ he said, and 'Asim b. 
Thlbtt b. AbuT-Aqlah al-Ansarl killed him according to what Abu. 
'Ubayda b. Muhammad b. 'Ammar b. Yisir told me (382). 



TheLifeofM 

Abu Hind, freedman of Farwa b. 'Amr al-Eayadl, mct the apostle there 
Witb. a jar fuU of butter and dates (383). He had stayed behind from Badr 
but was prescnt It h:ame the apostle's 

cupper. The apostle said, 'Abu Hind isoneof the Ansar; intermarry with 4: 
him,' and they did so. 

Thc arios:iu arrivcd in Mcdina a dav bLloiT thc prisoners. 'AbduHah b. 
Abu Bakr told me that Yahya b. 'Abdullah b. ' Abdu'1-Rahman b. As'ad b. 

the wife af the prophet, was v. ■■ when they were be- 

wailing 'Auf and Mu'awwidh 'Afra"s sons, this being before the veil was 
imposed on them. Sauda said: 'As 1 was with them, suddenly it was said: 
"Here are the prisoners" and I returned to my house where the apostle 

with his hands tied to his neck. I couid hardly contain myself when I saw 
Abu Yazid in this state and I said, "O Abu Yazid, you surrendered too 
readily. You ought to have died a noble death!" Suddenly the pro- 
phet's voice startled me: "Sauda, would you stir up trouble against God 

saw Abu Yazid in this state and that is why I said what I did.'" 

Nubayh b. Wahb brother of B. 'Abdu'1-Dar told me that the apostle 
divided the prisoners amongst his companions and said, 'Treat them well.' 
Now Abu 'Aziz b. 'Umayr b. Hashim, brother of Mus'ab b. 'Umayr by 
the same mother and father, was among the prisoners and he said, 'My 
brother Mus'ab passed by me ss one of the Ansar was binding me and he 
saiil : " Binu him fast, for his mother is a wealthy woman ; perhaps she wiU 
redeem him from you." I was with a number of the Ansar when they 
brought me from Badr, and when they ate their morning and evening 






>read and 1 



: .:.,• dl 



:. If anyone had a 460 



uunsL-1 of biL-ud lie gave it to me. I felt ashamed and rei 
them but he retumed it to me untouched' {384). 

The first to come to Mecca with news of the disaster was al-Haysuman 
b. 'Abdullah il Kl I 1 kej lor news be enumerated al! 

the Ouraysh chiefs who had been killed. Safwiin who was sitting in the 
kijr said,''This fellow is out of his mind. Ask him about me.' So they 
said: '^Vhat happened to Satwan b. Umayya?' He answered, 'There he is 
sitting in thc hijr, and by God I saw his father and his brother when they 
werekilied.' ' 

Husayn b. 'Abdullah b. 'Ubaydaltah b. 'Abbas from 'Ikrima, freedman 
of Ibn 'Abbas, told me that Abu Rati', freedman of the apostle, said, T used 
to be a slave of 'Abbas. Islam had cntcrcd among us, the people of the 
house; *'Abbas had becomc a Muslim," and so had Ummu'l-Fadl, andso 
had I. But 'AbbaS was afraid of his people and disliked to go against them, 
so he hid his faith ; he had a great deal of money scattered among the 



3 io The Lifi o/ Muhammad 

people. Abu Lahab had stayed behind from thc Badr eicpeditic 



i-'As b. Hish 



i: Ll.at 



stayed behind se 

Quraysh disaster at Badr God humiliated Abu Lahab and put him to 
shame while we found ourselees in a position of power and respect. Now 
■i I was a weak man and I used to make arrows, sharpening them in the tent 
of Zamzam, and lo as I was sitting there with 1 iinruj 1-lii.ll slij-pL-nins 
arrows delighted with the news that had come, up came Abu Lahab 
a in ill temper and sat down al lln: eiul nf the tent iviih his 
back to mine. As he was sitling ther e people said, "Here is Abu Sufyan b. 
at-Harith b. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib (385) just arrived." Abu Lahab said, 
"Come here, for you have news." So he came and sat with him while the 
people stood round, and when he asked his nephew for the news he said, 
"As soon as we met the party wc turned out backs and they were kilhng 
and capturing us just as they pleased ; and by God 1 don't blame the people 
for that. We met men in white on piebald horses between heaven and 

ared nothing and none could witht 
So I lifted the rope of the tent and said: "Those were the angels." Abu 
Lahab struck me violently in the face. I leapt at him, but he knocked me 
down and knelt on me beating me again and again, for I was a weak man. 
Ummu'l-Fadl went and got one of the supports of the tent and split his 
head with a blow which left a nasty wound, saying, "You think you can 
despise him now his master is away !" He got up and turned tail humiliated, 
He only Iived for another week, for God smote him with pustules, from 
which he died.' 

(T, 1340. 10. His two scns l. fi i>r three nights so 

that the house stank (for the Quraysh dread pustules and the like as men 
dread plague) until nnally a man said to them: 'It is disgracehil! Are you 

cover him from the sight of men ?' They replied that they were afraid of 
those ulcers. He oEercd to go with them. They did not wash the body 
but threw water over it frorn a dic<tance withocit [ouching it. Then they 
took it up ah.l bud mnd above Mecca by a wall and 

threw stones over it until it was covered. 

Ibn Hamid sa id that Salama b. al-Fadl said that Muhammad b. Iuhaq 
said that al-'Abbas b. 'Abdullah b. Ma'bad from one of his family on the 
authority of 'Abdullah b. 'Abbas said: 'On the night of Badr when the 
prisunei l il I 1 I ir 1 coulcl not leep during the Hrst 

part of the night. When his companions asked him the reason he aaid: 

liberated him whereupon the apostle slept soundly.' 

On the same authority I heard that Muhammad b. Ishaq said: '"al- 
Hasan b. 'Umara told me from al-ITakam b. 'Utayba from Miqsam from 
Ibn 'Abbas: The man who captured al-'Abbas was AbuT-Yasar Ka'b b. 
'Amr brother of the B. Salima. AbQ'I-Yasar was a compact little man 



The Li/e 0/ Muhammad 



had managed to capture him, he said 

before or afterwards had helped him, 

apostle said, "A noble angel helped yoc 

(Suhayli, ii. 79: In the ritaaya of Yut 

" i'l-Fadl) wheti she c.as 






before 



I, 'Ifsl: 



,s cip i.r 






Mikhaimi 






re him Rizq and Lubaba. . 

They did not bury Abu Lahab, but he was put against a wall and stones 

were thrown upon him from behind the wall until he was covered, h is 

Yahya b. 'Abbad b. 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr from his father 'Ahbad tokl 
me that Quraysh bewailed their dead. Then they said, 'Do not do this, 
for the news will reach Muhammad and his companions and they will 
rejoice over your mislortune ; and do not send messengers- about your 
captives but hold back so that Muhammad and his companions may not 
demand excessive ransoms.' Al-Aswad b. al-Muttalib had lost three of his 
sons: Zama'a, 'Ao . . . : he wanted to bewail 

them. Meanwhile he heard a weeping woman, and as he was blind he told a 
Bervant to go and see whether Iamentation had heen permittcd, for if Quraysh 

re weeping over their dead he might weep for 2am'a Abu Hakima, for 462 



And Maklmnn and the clan of Al 
Weep if you must weep over 'Aqi 
Weep tor 1 larith the lion of lions, 
Wecp unwearicdly for them all, 
For Abu Hakima had no peer. 
Now they are dead, men bear ruh 
Who but for Badr would be of lit 



at ( 3 86). 



:. DuliaM-a al-Sahmi. The 
«lii. cvas a shrcttd anu nch 
rcdccnt his fiit>i.: . \\ heii 



Among the prisoners was Abii Wada'a 
apostle remarked that in Mecca he had a soi 
merchant and that he would soon come t 
Quraysh counseiled delay in redeeming the , 
should not be estnnionate al-Mutlalib b. '\bu Wada'a— the man the 
apostle meant— said, 'Y1111 are riuht. Don't be in a hurry.' And heslipped 
away at night and came to Medina and recovcred hts father for 4,000 



3 I2 


Tke Life of Muhammad 


Then Quraysh sent to redeem the prisoners and Mikraz b. 


Akhyafcameab 






al-Dukhshum, b 


rother of the B 


Salimb. 'Auf, whosaid: 


Ica 


tured Suhayl a 


d I would not eschange him 


For 


prisoner from 


any other people. 


Khir 


dif knows that 




Whe 




■nplained of. 




rck with my kecn sword until it bent. 


[fer 


ced myself to fight this hare-hppcd man. 


Suhayl was a m 


in whose lower 


ip was split (387). 


Miihammad 1 


. 'Amr b. 'Ata' 


brother of B. 'Amir h. Lu'av 




to the apostle, ' 


Let mepullout Suhsvl's t«o " 




lick uut and li 


will never be able to speak 


again.' He answ 




mutilate him, otherwise God w 


late me though 






I iaic hcard that in this tradit 


onthe apostlesaiil to 'Umar, 


will make a stan 




will not hlamc him" (388). 


When Mikra? 


had spoken ab 


nt i t 1 1 auii hniily . L > ' 1 .,1 




itded the money 


and he asked tha: the] woul 




t Snhayl ee so 




so and imprison 


d Mikrn>; in ius 


stcad. Mikra/ said: 



I redeemed with costly* she-camels a captive hero. 

(The payment is for a true Arab not for clients). 

I pledged my person, though money would be easier for me. 

liut : i.iared being put to shame. 

To our sons so that we may attain our desires' {389). 
(T. 1344. Ibn HamTd from Salama from Ibn Ishaq from al-Kalbi from 
Al/jii Hiilih fiom Ibn 'Abbas mld metbat the apostlesaid to al-'Abbas when 
hc was hrought ro Medina, 'Redeem yourself, O 'Abbis, and your two 
nephtws '.Wl b. AbO '1 illib and Naufal b. al-Harith and your allv 'Utba b. 
'Amr b. Jahdam brother of the B. aU,Iarith b. Fihr, for you are a rich 
man.' lic replicd, 'I was .1 Muslim luit thc pcoplc compcllcd me (to nght). 
He answered, 'God knows best abont vour Islam. If v> hat you say is true 



.' He replied, 'That has nothing to do with it. Gi 
which you leit with Ummu'l-Fadl d. al-Harith wl 



The Life of Muhamtnad 313 

Mecca? You two were alone when you said to her, "If I am killed so much 
is for al-Fadl, 'Abilnllah and <)uth.',ni iiin! 'I biiydnllah.'" 'Ey him who 
sent you with the truth,' he esclaimed, 'none but she and I knew of this 
and now I know that you are God's apostle.' So he redeemed himself and 

'Ahdtdlah b. Abu Bakr told me that Abu Sufyan's son 'Amr whom he 
had by a daughter of 'Uqba b. Abu Mu'ayt (390) was a prisoner in the 
apostle's hands from Badr (391); and when Abir Sufyan was asked to 
ransom his son 'Amr he said, 'Am I to suffer the double loss of my blood 
and my money? Tbcy have killed H;m ? ala and am I to ransom 'Amr? 
Leave him with them. They can keep him as long as they likel' 

Whilc he was thus held prisoner in Medina with the apostle Sa'd b. al- 
Nuhnan b. AkkSl, brothcr of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf, one of the B. Mu'awiya, 4« 
went forth on pilgrimage accompanicd by a young wifc of his. He was an 
old man and a Muslim who had sheep in at-Naqi'. 2 He left that place on 
| 1l 1 1 1 tthout fear of any untoward eyents, never thinking that he 
,vnukl hc i'ciiiiocd in Mccca, as he came as a pilgrim, for he knew that 
Quravsh did not usually interfere with pilgrims, but treated them well. 
riut Abu Sutyan fell upon him in Mecca and imprisoned him in retaliation 
for his son 'Amr. Then Abu Sufyan said: 

O family of Ibn Akkal, answer his plea 

May you lose each other! Do not surrender the chief irt his prime. 

The Bano. 'Amr will be base and contemptible 

If they do not releasc their captive from his fctters, 
Hassan b. Thabit answered him: 



,, hov. o: mh'' 



KbadTia useil V n irard hl 



314 The Life <:/ 

with prophccy Khadija and her daughters believed in him and testined 
that he had brought the truth and foliowed his religion, though Abu'l-'As 
persistcd in his poly":!:ci:.ji;. -V.". ih: ;:;j.>r;'.k' n:i.l ii.:rn;:J l-Iin;.ivva ur 
Umtn Kulthiim to 'Utba b. Abu Lahab, and whm hc iipenh prc.icheil to 
Qurayah the command of God and showed them hostiiity tiu:y remindcd 
««' anotiicr !h;i1 ihiiy haii iTiicic.l MuhainiiiaU (.:' hls carc ior his daughters 
and decided to retu] I i i ,1 

iookmg after them himse]f. They went to Abu'l-'As and told him to 
divorce his wife and they would give him any woman he liked. He refused, 
sayijig lii.i: hi: ilij rni: u.iii: :]■:>.- otlicr wonian i'rom Qciraysh ; ;:n:i 1 lj;:vi: 

Tlien they uent to 'Utba b. Abu Lahab with the same reqin:s[ aiul ho 
said that if they would give him the daughtet of Aban b. Sa'id b. al-'A> or 
the daughter of Sa 'Id h. al-'As he would divorce his wife, and when they 
did so bc Jivorccd her, not having tonsumrnat h. ■• i • '11,. i ! 
took her from him to her honour and his shame, and 'Uthman afterwards 
married her. 

Now the apostle had no power of binding and loosing in Mecca, his 
circumstances being circumscribed. Islam had made a divisui;i hetnecii 
Zaynab and her husband Abu'l-'As, but they lived together, Muslim and 
onbdiei *'i uotil tbe apostle migrated. Abii i \ \ i i i 

Badr and was captured among thi tned at Medina with 

the apostle. 



Now the apostle had imposcd a condition on Abu']-'As, or the latter had 
undcrlakeri it vohmtarily— the facts were never clearly established— that 
he should let Zaynab come to him. At any rate, after Abu'l-'As had 
reached Mecca the apostle sent Zayd b. Haritha and one of the Ansar with 
he valley of V:ii;: : ;ii;;|l /.:.:::.!• nasscd, andthen to 






nonthor 
iwhile Abu'l-'As ca 






ca and told 

/acnah ti: icinm her lather, and she went out to makc her preparations. 

'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that hc had been told that /.ayj-ah said 

that wbtlc shc was making her preparations she was mct by Hind d. 'Utba 

who inqutred whether she was going off to rejoin Muhammad. When she 



;. Butshewi 



to give her anything she 
eed not be shy of her, for 
ir, though she thought she 



ra b. al-Rabl* brought hc 



These completed, her br — 

came! .u id :aking his how he lcd her away in a howdah in br„ ;.. B ..~- 

After discussing the matter Quraysh went off in pursuit iHid overtook 
them in Dhu Tuwa. The first man to come up with them was Habbar b. 41 
al-Aswad b. al-Muttalib b. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza al-Fihn. He threatened 
hcrwithhi-1 ' h ll is allegcd that thc woitian 

was pregnant and when she was frightened she had an abortion. Her 
brother-in-law Kinana knelt and empticd his quiver [in front of him] and 
said, 'Bv God, if one of you comes near me I will put an arrow through 
him.' So the men fell back. Then Abii Sufyan with some Quraysh leaders 
camc up ani! -k.-.l liim to imhend his bow so that they could dmi nss the 
matter. Then he came up to htm and said, 'You have not done the right 
thing. Youhavetakenthewomanoutpub!iclyov 






know of 01 



nhich 



brought on us. The peopk 

licly over the heads of everyone, that that is a sign of 
the disaster that haa happened and an exhibiti< 
Iife we don't want to keep her from her father 
seeking revenge. But take the woman baci, an. 

and people say that we have brought her back yot 



his daughter pub- 






ed her to Zayd b. 




heto; 

and they to 

'Abdullah b. Rawaha or Abii Khaythama 

said of this affair of Zaynab's (393): 

Tidings reached me of their wicked treatment of Zaynab, 
So criminal that men could not imagine it. 
Muhammad was not put to shame when she was sent fon 
Because of the result of the bloody war berween us. 
Fiom his alliance with Pamdam' and his war with us 

We bound his son 'Amr and his sworn friend together 

11 . n- .i 

I swear we shall never iack soldiers, 

Army leaders with many a champion. 

Driving before us inhdel Quraysh until we subdue them 

With a haltcr above theic noses (and) with a branding iro 

We will driye them to the ends of Najd and Nakhla. 



i6 The Life of Mukammad 

If they drop to the lowland we will pursue thcin witli hn: 

So that our road will never deviate. 

Wc wiJl hiing upon them the fate of 'Ad and Jurhum. 

A people that disobeyed Muhammad will regret it. 

And what a time for showing repentance! 

Tell Abu Sufyan if you meet him 

'If you are nDt sincere in worship, and embrace tskm 

Then shame will come on you speedily in this life 

And in hell you will wear a garment of nni.. 



al-Hadrar 



whowa 



U-Hadrami was an ally of Harb b. Umayya (395). 



Kinlna b. al-Rabi' when he handed Zaynab t>\ 
Whowi 

And as long as my hand can grasp my trusty blade. 

Yazld b. Abu Habib from Bukayr b. 'Abdullah b. al-Ashajj from Sulay- 

man b. Yasir from Abu Ishaq a!-I;:,uv fn,m ,-\bfi llurayra, ti.lj rat th.it 

the lattcr sani: "lhc apostle scr.t mc among a number of raklers with 

■ rdcrs tiiat if we gol hiik! uf Habbar K al-Aswad or the other man who 

burn them witli iire. On tlic 



(iret 
loliuwi: 



vordtous"ltoldyc 
I rehected that noni 



ic righl to punish by nre 



abC'l-As b. AL-RABI' becomes a muslim 
Whcn Ishim iliui cumc brtwirr tht-m ,\!nVJ-'\s liyed in Mecca whilt 
Zay:uh !ivcj in Mcitiim cnli ibt aj.cslle until, shortly before the con- 

Ouiaysh which tht-y entrusted 10 liini, Ir.r hc was a tni.stw.irtby ni.in 
Having completed his busincss he was on his way home when one of tht 
ariostk s rniding parlics fell m with him and took all he haj, ilinugh ln 
Ikmsijlt cscajiij tln-m. \t hcn tiit raitkrs wont ntl with thrir jilumtcr Abfi'l- 
'-*- idaskedhertogivc 



Whcn 



ice did so. He « 

[i> iii.iiTiiriij piaycr 



soYaiid b. Riimiin t 



the raiding party 



Tht Life of Muhammad 
— and said 'Alkh akbar' Miowcd by all present, Zaynab ct 

'As b. al-Rahi'." His prayers over, the apostle turned round tc 
and askcd them if they had heard what he had heard, and V. 
that they had he swore that he knew nothing about the 
Zaynab made her declaration, adding^ ' 
protcction on their bel 
to honour her guest bl 
lawful to him. 

•Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that the apostle 
which had taken Abu'l-"As's goods saying: 'This 
you know and you have taken propcrty of his. lf you think 
i t to h i 111 we should iike that ; but if you will not it is booty v 
given you and you have the better right to it.' They replied that tli< ■;- ■] 
v,)u1,i\mI1ii .1 i i I 1 Ii 1 I thit men brought 

biuk ..IJ skius and httlc leather bottles and cven a little piecc ,.t wotnl uniil 
everything was retumed and nothing withheld. Then AbtVI-'As went to 
Mecca and paid everyone what was due, including those who had glven 
him moncv to lay out on their behalf, and asked them if anyone of them 



foui 



Dawud b. al-Husayn from 'Ikrima from b. 'Alihas tokl me 1 
apostle restored Zaynab to him according to the nrst marriagc *; 
years had passed* without any new procedure (397). 



im- 




1 reward you ; we h 




■ icrous.' 'Then', 


said he, 'I bear wttn 




t the God and that Muhan 




,llr 


1 \ltislimwhen 






ld tbinl ilint I only wante 






God has restored lt to you 


and I am clear of 


;<„ ! 


Thus saying he went off to rejom tltc apostle. 






ub,i i v f 



were 4bi 1 1 I | 1 il ' 

his daughter had sent his ransom; al-Muttalib b. Hantab b. al-Harith b. 
'Ubayda b. 'Umar b. Makhzum who belonged [by capture] to some of 
B. al-Harith b. al-Khazraj (He was teft in their hands until they let him 
go, and he went to his people.) {398); Siyti b. Abu Rifa'a h. 'Abid b. 4 
'Abdullah b. 'Umar b. Makhzum. (He was left in thc hands of his captors 
and when no one came to ransom him they let him go on condition that 
he should send hia ransom, but he broke his word to them. Hassan b. 
Thabit said in reference to that: 

Sayfi is not the man to fulfil his pledge 
fhe back of a fox tired at some waterhole or other; s 
and Abu 'Azza 'Amr b. 'Abdullah b. 'Uthman b. Uhayb b. HudhaKi b. 



itl to the apostle: ' You know that 1 ha 



,' » L l,' i .,„' 
e apostle did so 



The Lije of Muhananad 



:b the r 



arefully, fo 



\: thr t\ 



ic neck with it. Hetold 
with the apostlc and to 
sted. When the apostle 
round his neek h< ' ' 



r! 'Good 
tg .,! paguusm. The apostle said, 'God *i 
has honoured us with a oetter greeting than thine, 'Umayr. It is Salam, 
the greeting of the inhabitants of Paradise.' 'By God, Muhammad, you 
have taketi to it only rccently.* 1 'Wbat brought you?' 'I have come about 
this prisoner you havt: that you may truat him wtll.' 'Tlien why have you 
a swurd rourui your neck ?' 'God damn the swords. ILti l thty donc us 
any good?' 'Tell me the truth. Why have you come?' 'I came only for 
the reason I hatii tolil you.' 'Nay, but ynu arid Safwan b. Umayya sat 
together in thc Mjr and talked about the Ouraysh w' 



the wi 



. Th, :, y„ 



jility for 



would go a 






Muhammad 


. Ja'far b, al-Zub 


vr jinm Trw;: l\ al Zuh:.vr told me that 


TmjtTiiJi 


tling nith Katwj 


b. ! inii\y,i in thc hip shnrtly atter Badr. 


Now 'Uroayr 


was oue of the le 




apostle and* his companions and cause them distress whik he was in 




ts son Wahb was 


!,::■>.-:; :::,: n."- . : ,, 


He mentioned those who were thrown into the well and Sabtari said, 'Rv 


God, there ts 




ow they are dead.' 'Ynu are right,' said 








::nd a !ii--'|h 














soner in their liai 


1 Js d l'wi-11 




r debt and take ca 


re of vour familv with mv ov,n so long as 


they l,v,, ,M 


that I have shall be theirs.' 'Umayr and he agreed to keep 



the matter secret. 

i called for his sword and sharpened it and smeared it with 
poisonandwentorTtoMedina. Whilc 'Umar w,.s talking with some of the 
Muslims rtbout Badr and mentioning how God had honoured them in 
giving them victory overtheir encmies he suddtnly saw V.n.iyr stoppintr 
at the door of the mosque girt with his sword, and said, 'This dog thc 
enemy of God is 'Umayr b. Wahb. By God he's come for some evil 
purpose. It was he who made mischief among us and calculated our 
numbers for the enemv at Badr.' Then 'Umai v.„it into the aposilc and 
said, 'O prophet of God, this enemy of God 'Umayr b. Walib has come 
girt with his sw.ord.' He told him to let him come in and Tmaf adyanced 



cd the revelation you brought. But this is 
Saiwan were privy, anil :i,,|]i: ::;,:, ha-.t- told V0i 

i God who has guided me to [slaim and led tn 
the truth and the apostle said, 'Instruct you 
,d the Quran to him, and frce his prisoner fo 



aposlle and to Islam that perhaps 
The apostle agreed ai 



he light of God and 
should like you to 
m to God and His 



Mecca. When'Uma 



forgct what happcned at Badr.' Safwan kept questioning riders until oile 

speak to him again nor do him a service. When 'Umayr came to Mecca he 
stayed there summoning people to Islam and treating those who opposed 

I was told that it was either 'Umayr or al-Harith b. Hisham who saw the 
tlevil wheii bf turntd 011 tus hetls on the tlay of Badr and said, 'Where are 
yoti going, O Suraqa ?' And the encmy of God lay on the ground and dis- 
appeared. 2 So God sent down concerning him, 'And when Satan made 



ihc tbrm of Siiraq.t b. Mjlik b. Ju'slium when they remembercd the quarrel 
they had with B. Bakr. God saitl, Aiul iihcu tl:c two arinii.s sau ctch 
other' and the cnemy of God saw the armies of angels by which God 
strengthened His apostle and the believers against thcir cnemics 'lie turncd 
on his heels and said, "I am quit of you, for I src what you do not see." 
Thc cnemv tif God spoke the truth for he did see what they could not see 
and said, "I fear God for God is severe in punishment."' I was told that 
tlicv lislli to scc litui n, cvcrt caittp ■a-Iu i;.cccr hc appcaretl iu tlic f;,r:ri of 
Suraqa not suspecting him until on thc day of Badr when tbc tito armies 
iul! i'c luinccl oti liis hccls atitl hctrtiwd itieiii tihcr lic had led them on 
(401). 

t.Iassin b. Thabitsaid: 

My people it was who shehered their prophet 

Except a chtisen few who wcre forerunners 
To the righteous, helpers wirh ll.c Hclpers. 



S.uiuc 



to;!vil, 



in safety and co 
Goodly thc prophet the portion and the guest. 
Thev «.iv, hiiti li homc m which a gucst of theirs 
Need have no fear— an (ideal) home. 
They shared their wealth when the rerugees came 
While the share of the stubborn opponent is hell. 

Had they known what they should have known they w. 

gonei 
The devil deludcd and then betrayed tncit: 

He said I am your protector and brought them to an c 
HliL-icin is shame and disgrace. 

Then when we fought them they desertcd their leaders 
Some Aeeing to high ground others to the plain (402). 



of the Quraysh who used to feed the piigrims 
Hashimr Al-'Abbas b. 'Abdu'l-Mut{alib. 
'Abdu Shams: 'Utba b. Rabl'a. 
r?aufal: al-Harith b. 'Amir and Tu'ayma b. '. 
" " ■Bakhtari and Hakim b. Hiza ' 



'Abdu'1-Dar: 

Jurmh: Imayyab. Khalaf. 



>;i J,thl. 



ai-Hanth 



Kalda b. -Alqama (403). 



The Life of Muhammad 3 2 1 

m B. Sahm: Nubayh and Munabbih sons of al-Hajjaj b. 'Amir by 



When Badr was ovci, Gotl scnt dtm n llic itholc ,S',7ra Anjil al,„ul it. Witli 
regard to their quarrelling about the spoils therc came down: 'They will 
ask you about the spoils, say, the spoils belong to God and the apostle, so 
fear God and be at pcace with one another, and obey God and His apostle 

'Ubada b. al-Samit, so I have heard, when he was asked about this sura 
said: 'It came down about us, the people of Badr, when we quarrelled 
about the booty on that day, and God took it out of our baiids when we 
showed an evil disposition and gave it to the apostie, who divided it equally 
among us. In that there was the fear of God, and obedience to Him and to 
His apostlc, and peace among us.' 

Then He mentions the army, and their journey with the apostle when 
they knew that Quraysh had come out against them, and they had only 
gone out making lor the caravan bccausc they wanted booty, and He said, 
'As thy Lord brought thee out of thy house in truth when a part of the 
iwilling, they disputed ■ ''' '' 









■1, !,, ihcir ,lci 



they looked 

OinsiLsli vhcii tnej weretoia ot tnem. 

' And when God promised you that one of the parties should be yours, and 
you wanted to have the one that icas ntrt ariucil ' i.c, Rooty and not war. 

' And God wanted to establish the truth by His words, and to cut off the 4; 

tt| 1 c the c hiets and leaders of Ouraysh on the day of Badr. 

'When you asktd your Lord for help/ i.e. Their prayers when they 
looked at the multitodc of their 






thewi 






ft thc w, 



erofHis; 



ic Musl 



'That He might d 
Satan, and strcngthen your hearts, and conhrm your steps.' i.e. To take 
from you the doubt of Satan when he made them afraid of the enemy, and 
the hardening of the ground for them so that thcy got to their halting-place 
before the enemy arrived. 



323 The Life of Muhammad 

Then God said, 'Then thy Lord revealed to the angels, I am with yc 
strengthen those that belicve.' i.e. help those that believe. 

'I will cast tcrror ;:it:? :::. iu :ri:, o:' those who disbelievc, so striki 
their heads and cut off all their tingers, because they oppnsnd Go.l .iud 
apostle and he who opposes God and His apostle (will tindj Cod sr: 
in punishment.' 

Then He said, '0 you who beliere, whcn you m 






intending to 
' i Hell, » 



another section, ini 
■ :rable er. " " 






■stlinti 






hofGod, 



their enemy so that they should not withdraw fri 
them, God having promised what He had promised. 

Then God said concerning the apostk's throwing pebliles at theni, 
'When you threw, it was not you that threw, but God.' i.e. Your throwing 
10 dTect unless God had helped you therein and cast 



r.i r:R-.r 



:n 1 k p. 



Aight. 





ToletthemknowofHis 


favour towards them in giving them victory ove 




their small number that they might know thereby His truth, and be thank- 


ful for His favour. 




478 Then He said, ' If you sought a judgement, a 


judgement came to you.' 


i.e. With reference to what Abii Jahl said, '0 G 






unacceptable destroy him 






God said, 'If you cease,' that is addressed to 


Quraysh, 'it is better for 


you, and if you \Ve will r 


eturn.' i.e. With a similar 




'And your army will avail you nothing howev 


er numerous, and (know) 


that God is with the believers.' i.e. That your n 




not avail you at aJl while I am with the believers, helping them against 


those that oppose them. 




Thcn God said, '0 you that believe, obey God 


and His apostle, turn not 


away from him while yoti arr: lis.tcni.ng.' i.r:. 1>. 


not contradict his orders 






'And be not like those who said, "We hear" 


when they did not hear.' 


i.e. Likc the hypocrites who pretend to be obec 


ient and are secretly dis- 



understand.' i.e. The hypocrites whom I have forbidden you to imitate. 
Dumb in refercnce to goad, deaf to truth, not understanding and not know- 
ing the vengeance and cougcjui .pon them. 

'Had God known that there was good among them, He would have made 
them listen.' i.e. En performing for them the words which they spoke with 
their tongues, but their hearts contradictcd them, and if they had come 



The Life of Muhammad 323 

:,„il wiili \,.irr, f lheywould haveturnedtheirbacks,gning-aside.' .e. Wotild 

<0 you who beliece, respond to God and the apostle whcn hc summons 

you after humiliation, and madc you strong after weakness, and protected 
ynri fnrm ymir enemies after you had heen overcome by them. 

"Arnl remember when you were few, despised in the lanri, ic.iriricr thri: 
men would pluck you away, and Hc gave you rcfuge and strengthened you 
by His help and nourished you with good things that you might be thank- 
tul. O you who belicve, betray not God and His apostlc and bclray not 
your trust knowingly.' i.e. Do not show Him what is right. w hich plc.isc? 
Him, isTT.t ihcnoppose Him secretly in something else, for llial rs cl.slroc-iit: 

wipc away ynur f\ il acts i.n.l p.irtion ytnr. imI ts r:\fcc.lint: lioinitifiil,' i e. 
A distincison bctwccn titte ancl false by which God shows your trrsth anri 
ccTiccot.slirs tltc hrlsehood of thosc who oppose you. 
Then He remind. rhe apostleof His hrtnur towards himwhen thepeople 

they plntterl and God plotted, and God is the best of plotters.' i.e. I 
deceived them with My firm guile so that 1 delieered you from them. 

Then Hc mcnttons the folK 10 1 I n I 1 ic tor a judgement 
against themselves when they said, 'O God, if this is the truth from Thee,' 
i.e. what Muhammad has brought, 'then rain upon us stones from heaven.' 

'Or bring us a painful punishment,' i.e. Some of that by which You 

They used to say, God wiil not punish us when we ask for His pardon, 
and He will not punish a people whose prophct is with thcm until He has 
sent hiui away from them. That is what they said when the apostle was 
among them, and God said to His apostle, mentioning thdr ignorance and 
rbllyandthcjudtc- ■■-.'.- \ licn He reproached 

thcm with thoir r:\il dcerls. 'Gocl will tiiit ptinisb them while you are with 
them, and God will not punish them while they ask for forgiveness.' i.e. 
When they said, 'We ask for forgiveness and Muhammad is among us.' 

Then He said, 'What (plea) have they that God should not punish them ?' 
though you are among them and though they ask for forgiveness as theysay. 



believe in God 


and His sen 


'And they ar 


enotitsgua 


•\]ii> i>['sV[Vu il 




believe in you. 




'But most of 








clapping of han 


d»' (405). 


480 And that is what God do 


they were not ordered to do 




puiiisHment 


brought death 




Yahy.ib. 'Al 




■A'ish'a, who sa 


lth.iT i,!,:;. 



jsque.' i,e. Against those who 
id those who follow you. 



. ■> not like and v 



ebattleofBadr. 

1 b. al-Zubayr from his father 'Abbad from 
tle time elapscd between the coming down 
id the wordot" God about it. 'L«ivc Me to 
deal with the liars living at easc, and let them alone for a little. We have 
fetters and fire and food which chokcs, and a painful punishment,' until 
God smote Quraysh on the day of Badr (406). 

Then God sald, 

'Those who disbelieve, spending their wealth to keep men /rom the way 
of God will enpend it, then they will suffer loss, then thev will be uver- 
come, and thcse who disbelieve will be gathered to Hell.' He means those 
who went to Abu Sufyan and to everyone of the Quraysh who had money 
in that merchandise, and asked them to help them with it in the war 
against the apostle, and they did so. 

Then He said, 'Say to those who dishelieve, if they cease, they will be 
pardoned forwhat is passed, anj "ths-y retoni", to lighl you, 'the example 
of the ringleaders has been madc.' 1 i.e. those who were killed at Badr. 

Then He said, Tight them so that therc is no morc persecution, 3 and 
religion, all of it, shall belong to God.' i.e. So that no believer is persecuted 
fmm his religion, and monotheism may be pure, God having no partner 



'Htheyce 



;n God se. 









if they tutn away,' from 

ainst them on the day of Badr in spite 
ot their great numhers and your smal! force. 

'A fine friend, and a fine helper. 1 

Then He taui?::i : : ; spoiland His judgemem about 

it when He macL : :J : 'And know that what you take 

as hooty a fifth belongs to God and the apostle and next of kin and orphans 
and the poor and the wayfarer, if you believe in God and what We sent 
down to Our servant on the day of fmqan, the day the two armies met ; and 



Tke Life o/ Muhammad 
,e. the day I divided be 



false by My power the i 

wadi towards Mecca 'and the caravan was helow you,' i.e. the caravan of 
Abu Suryan which you had gone out ta capture and they had gone out to 
protect without any appointment between you. f And if you had arranged 
to meet you wotlld have failed to meet,' i.e, had you arranged to meet and 
then you had heard of their mul oai force you would 

not have met «hem ; 'but that God might accomplish a thing that had to 
be done,' i.e. that He might accomplish what He willed in His power, 
namely to eicj.lt Islam and its Mlowers and to abase the unbelievers without 
your Aghting hard. He did what He willed in His goodness. Then He 
said; 'that he who died should die with a clear proof and he who lived 
should live by a clear proof. God is a Hearer, a Knower,' i.e. that he who 
dishelieved should disbelieve after thc proof in the sign and example which 
he had seen and he who believed should believe by the same warrant. 

Then He mentioned His kindness and His plotting for him: 'When God 
showed thee in thy sleep that they were few, and if He had shown them to 
thee as many you would have failed and quarrelled over the affair ; but God 
saved you. Hi km I thin tl hreasts.' What God showed him 

was one of His favours by which He encouraged them against their enemy, 
and kept from them what would have frightencd them because of their 
weakness, because He knew v t : And when you met 

them He made you see them as few making you seem small in their eyes 
that God might accomplish a thing that had to be done,' i.e. to unite them 
for war to take vengcance on whom He willed and to show favour to those 
Whom He willed so to bless, who were of the number of His friends. * 

Then He admonished and instructed and taught them how they ought 



you fight in the way of God 'Stand. nrm and rememl 
Whom you devoted yourse!ves when yau gave your aile^ 
that you may prosper. And obey God and His apostle and wrangle 
you fail,' i.e. do not quarrel 



God often' to 



the steadtast,' i.i 
who went forth 
be like Al 









with 






rarthiUy to be seen of men,' i.e. do not 
ttl and his companions who said, 'We will not go back until 
... to Badr and slaughtered camels there and drunk wine and 
the singing girls have made music for us and the Arabs will hear of it,' i.e. 
let not your adair be ourward show and the subject of gossip, nor con- 
cemed with men, and purify your intention towards God and your efforts 
for the victory of your religion and the help of your prophet. Simply do 
that and do not aim at anythmg else. Then He said: 'And when Satan 
made their deeds seem good to them and said, "No man can conquer you 
today for I am your protector"' (408). 



3 z6 Tlie Life of Muhummad 

Then God mentions the unbelievers and what they wiD meet when they 
die, and describes them, and tells His prophet about them until I le says: 
'If you come upon them in war, deal Ycirb them sn :.. ■.: ■ i ; 

thosewho fol!ow thc-ni, haph ;t,e> iini lakc «jrtiinij,' i.e. make a severe 
eicample of them to t , tl r m I i n c may underatand. 

'And prepare what strength you can against them, and cavalry in ic' ' 



of God an 



asfarasHis 



the next life and a rapid recompense in this world. Then He said, 'And if 
thcy incltnc to pcacc inclitle ttiim to n,' i.e. il lluty ask you lur pcacc 00 ihc 
basis of Islam then make peace on that basis, 'and rely on God, J verily 
3 God will surrice thec, 'He is the Hearer, the Knower' (409). 'And if they 
would deceive thee, God is sufficient for thee,' He being behind thee, 'He 
it is who strengthens thee with His help' after weakness 'and by the be- 
lievers. And He made them of one mind" by the guidance witti which Cod 
sent thee to them. 'Hadst thou spent all the world's wealth thou hadst not 
made them of one mind but God made them of one mind' by Kis religion 
to which He gathered them. 'He is mighty, wlse.' 

Then He said: 'O prophet, God is suffi'cient for thee and the believers 

who follow thee. O prophet, eriion the believers to nght. If there are 

.li'.;s<. ones among you they will overcome two hundred, and if 

' lofyoutheywi" 






icoplc,' l.c. they do 



)t fight with a good inl 







- 


'Abdullah b. Abu Nniih : 






'Abbas told me that when th 






Mi.sl: .::-. v.'no tnok it hard th 




uldhaveton. e 


and a hundred tight a thousa 


id. SoGod 





were not bound to 
Then God repr 


right and i 


nootherp 
mad Abu 




'AIT b. al-h 


hclpcd by 


ca-;::i 


earth was 



ssiblch 



:,e priso. 



m half they 
ld the taking of booty, 



aving taken booty from '. 

lusayn told me that thc apostlc said : '1 was 

made a place to pray, and clean ; I was given 

all-embracing words; booty was made lawful to me as to no prophet 

before me ; and I was given the power to intercede ; five privileges accorded 

to no prophet before me.' 

God said, 'It is not for any prophet,' i.e. before thee, 'to take prisoners' 

from his enemies 'until he has made slaughter in the carth,' i.e. slaughtered 



The Life of Muhammad 327 

his enemies until he drives them from the land. 1 'You desire the lure of 
this world,' i.e: tts goods, the ransom of the captives. 'But God desires the 
next world,' i.e. tneir killing them to manifest the religion which He wishes 
to manifest and by which the next world may be attained. 'Had there not 
previously been a book from God there would have come upon. you for 

nnt pr. , loush L'nnc ii tlh froin Mctliai " iiould punishonlvafter aprnhibi- 
tion — and He had not prohibited them — I would have punished you for 
what you did, Then He made it lawml to him and to them as a mercy from 
Him and a gift from the Compassionate, the Merciful. He said, 'So enjoy 
what you havc 1 ■■•:■ good, and fear God. God is For- 

giving, Merciful.' Then He said: '0 prophet, Say to those captives in 
your hands, If God knows any good in your hearts He will give you some- 
thing better than that which has been taken from you and God will pardon 
you. God is Forgiving, Merciful.' 

He inrited the Muslims to unity and made the Refugees andthe Helpers 4! 
friends in religion and the unbelievers friends one of another. Then He 
said ; 'If you do not do so, there will be contusion in the land and a great 
corruption,' i.e. unless believer beeomes friend of believer to the exclusion 
of the unbeliever even though he is of his kin. 'There wtll be contusion in 
the land,' i.e, doubt about the true and the false and the rise of corruption 
in the land if the believer takes the side of the unbeliever against the 
beUever. 

Then He asstt: :xt of kin of those who became 

"MuBlinis Jitc-r the :iic-::dship between Refugees and Helpers and said : 'And 
those who belieied afterwards and migrated and strove along with you they 
are of you ; and thosc '., !;, , arc akin are nearer to one another in God's book,' 



nes of those who were present at Badr are: ( 
b. 'Abdu Manaf and B. al-MutVabb b. 'Abdu M 
Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. Ghalib b. Fihr b. 



b. al-Nad, 



.lulitiniinjil, ;';,.:!'- j..i.-llc lli. lord of the sent ones, b. 'Abdullah b. 
I I 1 rr I 1 II ,, I ,, , ctu'-M, tr.lt II,,,, 

1 of God and of H, ,. hc spostl . . I '■' .. Ahi lih I 

.du'1-Miittalih b. Hashim; Zayd b. Haritha b. Shurahbil h. Ka'b b. 
,du'l-'l"zzn h. Imru'u'l-Qavs ai-KjM-T (.lio); Anitsa thc apostle's freed- . 
a; and Abu Kahsha likcwise [411); Abu Marthad KannSz b. Hisn b. 



328 The Life qf Muhammad 

Yarbu' b. 'Amr b. YarbG' b. Kharasha b. Sa'd b. Tarif b. Jillin b. .Ghanm 
b. Ghanty b. Ya'sur b. Sa'd b. Qays b. 'Ayian (412), and his son Marthad 
b. Abu Marthad, allies of Hama rMl 1). al-Muttalib, 

and his two brothers a!-Tufayl and al-Husayn; and Mistah whose name 
was 'Auf b. Uthatha b. 'Abbad b. al-Muttalib. Total 12 men. 

Of B. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu Manif : 'Uthmin b. 'Affan b. Abu'l-'As b. 
Umayya b. 'Abdu Shams; (He stayed behind on account af his wife 
Ruqayya the apostle's daughter, so the apostle assigned him his portion. 
Ile 3-.ti;( ' And my reward (from God) as well? 'Yes', said the apostle.) 
Abii Hudhayfa b. 'Utba b. Rabi'a b. 'Abdu Shams, and Salim lus frccdman 
(413). They allege that Subayh freedman of Abu''-'As b. Umayyagot ready 

Salama b, 'Abdu'1-Asad b. Hil mar b. Makhzum. 

Afterwards Subayh was present at all the apostle's battles. 

Of B. 'Abdu Shams"s allies, of B. Asad b. Khuzayma: 'Abdullah b. 
Jahsh b. Ri"ab b. Ya'mar b. Sabra b. Murra b. Kablr b. Ghanm b. Diidan ; 
■1 'Ukkasha b. Mihsan b. Hurthan h. Qays b. Murra b. Kabir b. Ghanm b. 
Dudan; Shuja' b. Wahb b. Rabi'a b. Asad b. Suhayb b. Malik b. Kabir, 
&c, and his brother "Uqha b. Wahb ; Yazid b. Ruqaysh b. Ri'ab, &c. Abu 
Sinan b. Mihsan b. Hurthan b. Qays brother of Ukkasha b. Mihsan, and 

hissonSinanb \\ ■ Ii ' 1- b Nadla b, 'Abdullah b. Murra 

b. Kabir, &c. ; and Rabl'a b. Aktham b. Sakhbara b. 'Amr b. Lukayz b. 
'Amir b. Ghanm b. Dudan. 

Of the allies of B. Kabtr: Thaqf b. 'Amr and his two brothers Malik 
and Mudlij (414). They belonged to the B. Hajr, a clan of B. Sulaym; 
Abu Makhshi an ally of theire (415), Total 16 men. 

Of B. Naufsl b. 'Abdu Manaf: 'Utba b. Ghazwan b. Jabir b. Wahb b. 
Nusayb b." Mitik b. al-Harith b. Mazin b. Mansiir b. 'Ikrima b. Khasafa 
b. Qays b. 'Aylan ; and Khabbab freedman of 'Utba. Total 2 men. 

Of B. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza b. Qusayy: al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam b. 
Khuwaylid b. Asad; Hatib b. Abu Balta'a; and Sa'd freedman of Hatib 
(416). Totai3men. 

Of B. *Abdu'l-Dar b. Qusayy: Mus'ab b. 'Umayr b. Hashim b. 'Abdu 
Manif and Suwaybit b. Sa'd b. Huraymila b. Malik b. 'Umayla b. a!- 
Sabbaq b. 'Abdu'1-Dar. Totalamen, 

Of B. Zuhra b. KilSb: 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. 'Auf b. 'Abdu 'Auf b. 'Abd 
b. al-Hiirith b. Zuhra; Sa'd b. Milik b. Uhayb b. 

!S 'Abdu Manif b. Zuhra, and his brother 'Umayr. Of thcir allics: al- 
Miqdad b. 'Amr b. Tha'Iaba b. Malik b. Rabi'a b. Thumama b. MatrOd b. 
'Amr b. Sa'd b. Zuhayr b. Thaur b. Tha'Iaba b. Malik b. al-Sharid b. 
HazJ b. QS'ish b. Duraym b. al-Qayn b. Ahwad b. Bahra' b. 'Amr b. al- 
Haf b. Quda'a (417) and Dahir b. Thaur; and 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud b. al- 
yarith b. Shamkh b. Makhzum b. Sihila b. Kahil b. al-HSrith b. Tamim 
b. Sa'd b. Hudbayl; Mas'ud b. Rabi'a b. 'Amr b. Sa'd b. 'Abilul-T ; = b. 
Hamala b. Ghalib b. Muhallim b. 'A'idha b. Subay' b. al-Hiin b. Khu- 



The Life of Mukammad 
zayma of aI-Qara {418). Dhu'1-Shimalayn b. 'Abd 
Ghubsban b. Sulaym b. Mallikan b. Afsa b. HSrnba I- 
Khuzi'a (419) and Khabbab b. al-Aratt (420). Total 8 
Of B. Taym b. Murra : Abu Bakr whose " " 






a slave among the B, Jumah. Abu Bakr bought him from Umayya b. 
Khalah His namc was Bilal b. Rabah. He had no ofJspriii E ; 'Amir b. 
Fuhayra (422) and Suhayb b. Sinan from al-Namr b. Qasit (423) and Talha A 
b. 'Ubaydullah b. "Uthman b. 'Amr b. Ka'b, &c. He was in Syria and did 
not turn up uritil the apostle had returned from Badr. Nevertheless, he 
allotted him a share in the booty as he had done in the case of 'Uthmin. 
Total 5 men. 

Of II, Makbzum h. Ya.puta h. iliin. Abu Sidama b. 'Abdu'1-Asad 
wbose name was 'Abdullah b. 'Abdu'1-Asad b. Hila! b. 'AbduIIah b. 
*Umar b. Maihzum; and Shammis b. 'Uthman b. al-Sharid b. Suwayd 
b. Harmiy b. 'Amir (424); and al-Arqum b. 'Abdu Man3f b. Asad, Asad 
bt-ins Aliu Jundub h. 'Abdullali h. 'Lmar b. Makhzum; and Ammar b. 
Yasir(42 5 );and 



Hubshi 






al 5 m 



al-Khattab b. Nufayl b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza b. 
Rivah b. 'Abdullah b. Qurt b. Raiih b. 'Adly and his brother Zayd; and 
Mihja', 'Umar"s freedman from the Yaman (he was the firat Muslim to fall 49 
at Badr, being shot by an arrow.) (426); and 'Amr b. Suraqa b. Anas 
b. Adhiit I). 'Abdullah b. Qurt . . . and his brother 'Abdullah; Waqid b. 
'Abdullah b. 'Abdu Man5f b. 'Artn h. Tha'laba b. Yarbii' b. Han?ala b. 
Malik b. Zayd Manat b. Tamim, ari ally of theirs, and Khauliy b. Abu 
Kliauliy anii Milik h. Abu Khauliy, two allies of tlu-irs (427); and 'Amir 
1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I tt il Irom \t\iz h Wa'l (42S) ; and 

"Amir b. al-Bukayr b. 'Abdu Yalll b. Nashib b. Ghira of the B. Asad b. 
Layth; and 'Aqil and Khilid and Iyas sons of al-Bukayr, allies of B. 'Adly 
b. Ka'b ; and Sa'id b. Zayd b. *Amr b. Nufayl b. 'Abdu'l-'Us-i!3 b 'Abdullah 
b. Qurt b, Riyah b. Rizih b. "Adly b. Ka'b who came from Syria after the 
apostle's rcturn from Badr and was givcn a share in the booty. Total 14 

Of B. Jumah b. 'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b: 'Uthman b. MaiTm b. rlablb 
b. Wahb b. Hudhata b. Jumah and his son al-Si 'ib and "Uthman's two 
brothers Qudama and 'Abdullah; Ma'mar b. ai-Harith b. Ma'mar b. 
Habib b. Wahb h. Hudhata b. Jumah. Total % men. 
' Of B. Sahm b, 'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b: Khunays b. Hudh5fa b. 
Qays b. 'Adty b. Sa'd b. Sahm. Total 1 man. 

OfB. 'Amirb Lu no 1 1 .1 1 ..1 B Mahk b Hisl b. 'Amir: Abu 
Sabra b. Abu Ruhm b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza b. Abu Qays b. 'Abdu Wudd b. 4 i 
Nasr b. Malik b. Hisl; 'Abdullah b, Makhrama b. 'Abdu"l-'Uzza, &c; 
'Abdulkh b. Suhayl b. 'Amr b. 'Abdu Shams b. "Abdu Wudd, &c. (he 



Tke Lije of Muhammad 



at Badr hc fled to the apostle and t 



'Umayr b. 



ofSuhayl;a 



b. Khaula a 



ally of theirs 



Of B. al-rlarith b. Fihr; Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah who was 'Amir b. 
'Abduilah b. al-Jarrah b. Hilal b. Uhayb b. Dabba b. al-Hjrilh; aiu! 'Anir 
b.aI-I.Lirilhh.Zuhayrb.AbuShaddadb.Rabrab.HiISlb.Vliavb,&c.;and 
Suhaylb Wahhb I .11. . , i , . I - i , 1„ i cr. tl 

two sons of Baida', and 'Amr b. Rabi'a b. Hilal b. Uhayb. Total 5 men. 

The total number of the Emigrants who took patt in the batlle of Kiuir 
to whom the apostle allotted shares in the booty was 83 men (430). 



0f al-Aus b. Haritha b, Tha 'laba b. 'Amr b. "Amir of the subdivision B. 

'Abdu'l-A fi hhal !.. Jusham b. al-H.inth b. aI-Kliazra b. 'Amr b Miilik b. 
al-Aus: Sa'd b. Mu'5dh b. al-Nu'min b. Imru'ul-Qavs I, Z:i, i! b. ' AhJ Yi 
Ashhal; 'Amr b. Mu'adh b. al-Nu'man ; al-Hirith b.'Aus b. Mu'adh b. al- 
B Nu'man; and al-Harith b. Aoas b. RafV b. Imru'ul-Qays. 

Of B. 'Ubayd b. Ka'b b. 'Abdu'1-Aahhal: Sa'd b. Zayd b. Malik b. 
'Ubayd. 

Of B. Za'ura b. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal (431): Salaraa b. Salama b. Waqash b. 
Zughba; 'Abbad b. Bishr b. Waqash b. Zughba b. Za'ura; Salama b. 
Thahit h. Watiash; Ral]' b YaxT,i !.. kurz b. Sakan !,. Za'Qrii ; al-lhlritl, 
b. Khazama b. 'Adiy b, Ubayy b. Ghanm b. Saiim b. 'Auf b. 'Amr b. 'Auf 
I, al-Kb.isr:,; an a!h i,f liicars Ir.mi ]!. 'Aitt b aI-K),.ixr„, ; Muhammad b. 

I b. Kiiau.lb. .A i „ 11 , , , U , II f, ,, 

thc 11. I.Liritha I). al-Harith ; and Salama b. Aslam b. Harish b. 'Adiy b. 
Majda'a b. Haritha an ally frbm the B. Haritha b. al-Harith (432); and 
V 1-lh.ilii , ,1 I ,,. ,c I v, I 1] T \cahan (433) and 

'Abdullah b. Sahl (434). Total 15 men. 

Of B. Zafar of tlic scC.i:,., II Sauiiii b. Ka'b, Ka'b being Zafar (43;): 
Oatada b. al-.\u'man h. Zavd b. 'Amir b. Sawad, and 'Ubayd b Aus b. 
Maiik b. Sawad (436). Total * men. 

Of B. 'Abd b. Rizah b. Ka'b: Nasr b. al-Harith b. 'Abd and Mu'attib b. 
'Abd; and 'Abdulliil, 1. Y'11,1: It-.m Ib. u li.ili ,i.l]ics Toial 3 men. 

Of I!. I.laritha b. al-Hariili b. al-Khazraj b. *Amr b. MSlik b. Aus: 
.1 MasTici b. SaYl !i. 'Atitir h. 'Adiy b. Justiam b. Majda'a b. Hantha {437); 
and Aba 'Abs b. Jabr b. 'Amr b. Zayd b. Jushani h. Matd.t'a b. Iliiriiha : 
an.l ,.t thcir liali allics A]„i Bii.,1:, h. >.„,; .,• c-.lios.' lull name was Hani' b. 
Niyar b. 'Amr b, 'Ul.ayd h, Kilab b. Di.limiin b. Ghatim b. Dhubytn b. 
I-Iuminin b Kahii b. Dhuhl h. Hunayy b. Bali b, 'Ami b. :,1 
Total 3 men. 

b. al-Aus of the section of B. Dubay'a b. 
b, Thabit b. Qays— Qays 



Zayd b. Malik b. 'Auf b. 'Amr b. 'A 



The Lije o/ Muhammad 331 

AbQ'l-Aqlah b. Isma b. Malik b. Amat b. Dubay'a— and Mu'attib b. 
Il„ , r 1 Mlli I , II I Ml I, Ihi „! Aim " ,1 b. 

al-Az'ar b. Zavd b, al-'Attaf ; and 'Umar b. Ma'bad b. al-A/ar, ic. ( +3 g) ; 
andSahlb. liWyfb. Wiihil 1 I I .,.n b. Tha'laba b. Majda'a b. al- 
Harith b. 'Amr who was called Bahzaj b. Hanash b. 'AuE b. 'Amr b. 'Auf. 
Total s men. 

Of B. Umayya b. Zayd b. Mitiik: Miiba-hsih, h 'Abdu*l-Mundhlr b. 
Zanbar b. Zayd b. Umayya and Rifi'a his bruther; Sa'd b. 'Ubayd b. 
al-Nu'man b. Qays b. 'Amr b. Zayd b. Umawa: 'Lwavm I). Siiula; Rf.fi' 
b, 'Ynjtida (4,91; and *L.bavd b. Abii 'Ubayd; and Tha'laba h. I.Litih. L, 
ts allcgcd thatAbii I.ubal.a b.-Abdu'1-Mundhirandal-Hantb b.I.lat.bwent 
out with the apostlc, ancl he sent them back, putting the former in chargeof 
Medina. He gave them both shares in the booty of Badr ( ++ o). Total 9 men. 

Of B. 'Ubayd b, Zayd b. Malik: Unays b. 1 jatsda b. Rabi'a b. Khalid 49 
b. al-Hatith b. 'Ubayd: of thcir Ball allies: Ma'n b. 'Adly b. al-Jadd b. 
al-'AjKn b. Dubay'a ; Thabit b. Aqram b. Tha'laba b. 'Adiy b. al-'Ajlan ; 
'Abdullah b. Salama b. Mahk b. al-Harith b. 'Adiv b. aI-*Ajlan; Zayd b. 
Aslam b. Tha'laba b. 'Adiy I). :. b. Zayd b. Haritha 

b. al-Jadd b. "AjISn. 'Ashn h. 'Adiy b. al-Jadd b. al-'Ajlan went forth to 
tight but the apostle sent him back, afterwards giving him his share of the 

Of B. Tha*laba b. 'Amr b. 'Auf: 'Abdullah b. Jubayr b. al-Nu'man b. 
Utnayya b, al-Burak whose name was Imru.il-O.ays h. Tha'laba; and 
'Asi.n b. O.tts f +4 il ; and Abci Davt.il,, h. Thabit b, al-Nu'man b. Umayya, 
&c; and Abu Hanna (442); and Salim b. 'Umayr b. Thabit b. al-\u'm.ln, 
&c. (443) ; and al-Harith b, aI-Nu'man b. Umayya, &c; and Khawwat b. 
Jubayr b. al-Nu'man whom the apostle gave a share of the booty. Total 

01' !. J.-I.iabab. Kulfab. 'Aufb. 'Amrb. 'Auf: Mundhir b. Muhatnmad 
b. 'Uqba b. Uhayha b. al-Julah b. al-Harish b. Jahjaba b. Kulfa (444); 
and of their allies from the B. Unayf : Abii 'Aqil b. 'Abdullah b. Tha'laba 
b. Bayhan b. 'Amir b. al-Harith b. Malik b. 'Amir b. Unayf b. Jusham b. 
'Abdullah b. Taym b. Irash b. 'Amir b. 'Umayla b. Qasmil b. Faran b. 
BalTb. 'Amrb. al-IIaib, (,juda'a (44O. Total S men. 4! 

0f B. Ghanm b. al-Salm b. Imru'ul-Qays b. Malik b. al-Aus: Sa'u" b. 
Khaythama b. al-Harith b. Malik b. Ka'b b. al-Nahhiit b, Ka'l, b. ll.it itita 
b. Ghanm; and Mundhir h. Qudama b. 'Arfaja; and Malik b. Qudama b. 
"cri.tia (446); ,.n,l al-T.latith b. 'Arfaja; and Tamlm frcedman of the B. 
Ghaiim (447). Total 5 itien. 

Of B. Mu'awiva h. Malik b. *Auf b. 'Amr h. 'Auf : Jabr b. 'Atik b. al- 
Harith h. Qays b. Haysha b. al-Harith b. Umayya b. Muawiya; and 
Malik b. Numayla an ally from Muzayna ; and al-Nu'man b. 'Asar, a Bali 
ally. Total 3 meo. 

The total number of Aus who fought at Badr with ihc apostk ,.:•,.! "i 



33 2 The Life <>: 

Of Khazraj b. yaritha b. Tha'kba b. 'Amr b. 'Amir of the tribe of E. 
Harith subdiwsion B. Imnj'ul-Qays b. Malik b. Tha'[aba b. Ka'b b. al- 
Khazraj b. al-Harith b. al-Khazraj: Khirija b. Zayd b. Abu Zuhayr b. 
MaJikb. Imru'ul-Qays ; Sa'd b. Rabi b. 'Amr h. Ab:i Zui,a,r, Ste. : 'Ahdul- 
lah b. RawSha b. Tha'laba b. Imru'ul-Qays b. 'Amr b. Imm'ul-Qays ; 
Khallad b. Suwayd b. Tha'laba b. 'Amr b. Haritha b. Imru'ul-Qays. 
Total 4 men. 

Of B. Zayd b. Malik b. Tha*laba b. Ka'b b. aI-Khazraj b. al-Harith b. 
al-Khazraj: Bashlr b. Tha'laba b. Khilas b. Zavd (448) and his brother 
SimJk. "=,tal2men. 
49« 0f B. 'Adiy b. Ka'b b. al-Khasraj b. al-Hsrith b. al-Kh»zraj : Subay' b. 
Qays b. 'Aysha b, Umayya b. Malik b. 'Arnir b. 'Adiy; and 'AbbSd b. 
Qsys h. \-V,sba, his brother (449); and 'Abdullah b, 'Abs. Total 3 men. 

Of B. Ahmar b. Haritha b. Tha'kba b. Ka'b b. al-Khazraj b. al-Harith 
b. al-Khazraj: Yaad b. al-Hsrith b. Qays b. Malik b. Ahmar who was 
known as Ibn Fushum (450). Total I man 

Of B. Jusham b. al-rfarith b. al-Khairaj and Zayd b. al-Harith who 
were twin brothers : Khubayb b. Isaf b. Ttaba 1 b. 'Amr b. Khadlj b. 'Amir 
b. Jusham; 'Abdullah b. Zayd b. Tha'laba b. 'Abdu Rabbihi b, Zayd; and 
his brother Hurayth so they allege; and Sufyan b. Bashr (45 1}.' Total 4 

0f B. Jidara b. 'Auf b. al-Harith b. al-Khazraj : Tamim h. Ya'ar b. Qays 
b. 'Adiy b. Umayya h. Jidara; 'Abdullah b. 'Umayr of the B. Hlritha 
(452); Zayd b. al-Muzayyan b. Qap b. 'Adiy b. Umayya b. Jidara (453); 
and 'Abdullah b. 'Urfuta b. 'Adiy b. Umayya b. Jidara. Total 4 men. 

Of B, al-Abjar b. *Auf b. al-HSrith b. al-Khazraj: 'Abdullah b. Rabi' b. 
Qayj b. 'Abii b. ' AbUd h. al-Abjar. Total 1 man. 

Of B. 'Auf b. al-Khazraj of the clan of B. 'Ubayd b. Malik b. Silim b. 

+97 Ghanm b. 'Auf who were the B. al-HublS (454): 'Abdullah b. 'Abdullah 

b. Ubayy b. Malik b. al-HSrith b. 'Ubayd best known as b. Salul. Saltil 

was a woman, the mother of Ubayy; and Aus b. KhauII b, *AI,d„lla!, !,. 

al-I.Iirith b. 'Ubayd. Total 2 men. 

Of B. Jaz* b. 'Adly b. MSiik b. Ghanm: Zayd b. Wadl'a b. *Amr b. 
Qavs h. Ja Z '; 'Uqba k Wanb b. Kalada, an ally from the B.'Abdullah b. 
Ghatafan; Rifa'a b. 'Amr b. Zayd b. 'Amr b. Tha'kba b. Malik b. Salim 
b. Glmnm ; Amir b. Salama b. 'Amir, an ally irom the Yaman {455); Abu 
Humayda Ma'bad b. 'Abbad b. Qushayr b. al-Muqaddam b. Salim b. 
Ghanm (456); and 'Amir b. al-Bukayr, an ally (457). Total 6 men. 

Of B. Salim b. 'Auf b. 'Amr b. aI-Khazraj of the clan of B. al-'Ajlan b. 
Zayd b. Ghanm b. Salim: Naufal h, 'Abdullah b. Nadk b. Malik b. a[- 
tal 1 man. 

Of B. Asram b, Fihr b. Thaiaba b. Ghanm b. Salim b. 'Auf (458): 



The Life of Muhammad 333 

'Ubada b. al-Samit b. Qays b. Asram and his brother Aus. Total 2 men. 

Of B. Da'd b. Fihr b. Tha'Iaba b. Ghanm: al-Nu'man b. Malik b. 
Tha*laba b. Da'd; this man was known as Qauqal. Total I man. 

Of B. Quryush b. Ghanm b. Umayya b. Laudhan b. Salim (459): 
Thabit b. Hazzal b. 'Amr b. Quryush. Total I man. 

Of B. Mardakha b, Ghanm b. Salim: Malik b. al-Dukhsham b. Mar- 
dakha {460). Total 1 man. 

Of B. Laudhan b. Salim : Rabl' b. Iyas h. 'Amr b. Ghanm h. Umayya b. 
Laudhan, and his brother Waraqa; and "Amr b. lyas an allv of theirs from 49« 
thc Yaman (461). Total 3 men. 

Of their allies from Bali of the clan of B. Ghusavna (462): al-Mujadh- 
dhar b. Dhiyad b. 'Amr b. Zumzuma b. 'Amr b. 'Umara b. Malik b. Ghu- 
sayna b. 'Aiiir h. Butayra b. Mashnu b. Qasr b. Taym b. Irash b. 'Amir b. 
'Umayla b. Qisn„1 b. Karan b. HalT 1>. Amr b. al-Haf b. Qijda'a (463); and 
'Ubada h. al-Khashkhash b. 'Amr b. ZummnH, and Nahhab b. Tha'laba 
b. Hazama b. Asram b. 'Amr b. 'Umara (464); and *Abdullah b. Tha'laba 
i . ■ ey allegc that 1 tba b. Kabl'a h. Khalid b. 

Mu'a,vi,a, an allv from Bahra', was at Badr (465). Total e m^li. 

Of B. Sa'ida b. al-Khazraj of the clan of B. Tha'Iaba b. Sa'ida: Abu 
Duiaii Si i! b I. ra ha 4' n "'1 i 1 Mund 11 h ' \mr b. Khunays b. 
HSritha b. Laudhan b. "Abdu Wudd b. Zayd b, Tha'laba {467). Total z 

Of B. al-Badly b. 'Amir b. 'Auf b. Haritha b. 'Amr b. al-Khazraj b. 
Sl'ida: Abu Usavd Malik b. Rabl'a b. al-Badiv, and Miilik b. MasuJ » hi> 
was attached 10 !il-i!adlv l^n.Si. Total 3 men. 499 

Of B. Tarif b. al-Khazraj b. Sa'ida : 'Abdu Rabbihi b. Haqq b. Aus b. 
Waqsh b. Tha'Iaba b. Tarlf. Total I man. 

And of their allies from Juhayna: Ka'b b. HimSr b. Tha'lu!>n Ij,(>t! 1 : aml 
Damra anii ZivaJ and Basbas the sona of 'Amr (470); and 'Abdullah b. 
'AmirfromBali. Total 5 men. 

From B. Jusham b. al-Khazraj of the clan B. Salima b. Sa'd b. 'All h. 
Asad b. Sarida b. Tazld b. Jusham of the subdivision B. Harim b. Ka'b 
b. Ghanm b. Ka'b b. Salima: Khiraah b. al-Simma b. 'Amr b. al-Jamiih 
b. Zayd b. Haram; and al-Hubib b. al-Mundhir b. al-Jamiih, Ste.; and 
'I.T„, av r b. al-l . ]„d Tamlm freedman of KhiriSsh 

b. al-Simma; and 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. Haram b. Tha'laba li, l.larani; and 
Mu'adh h. 'Amr b. al-Jamuh and Khallad and Mu'awwidh his brothers; 
and 'Uqba b. 'Amir b. Nabi b. Zayd b. Haram and Habib b. Aswad their 
freedman; and Thabit b. Thalaba b. Zayd b. al-Harith b. Haram; and 
Tha'labawhowas called al-Jidh'; and 'Umayr b. al-I.Iarith b. Tha'laba b. 
al-Harith b. Haram (471). Total 12 men. 

Of B. 'Ubayd b. 'Adly b. Ghanm b. Ka'b b. Salima of the ckn of B. 
Khansa* b. Sinan b. *Ubavd: Bishr b. al-Bara' b. Miitii b. Sakbr h, 
Malik b. Khansa'; at-Tufayl b. Malik; and al-Tufayl b. al-Nu'man; and 
Sinan b. Sayfl b. Sakhr; and 'Abdullah b. al-Jadd b. Qays b. Sakhr; and 500 



334 TkelifeoJ \!„ht,m,mi.-I 

'Utba b. 'Abdullah b. Sakhr ; and Jabbar b. Sakhr b. Umayya ; and Khlrija 
h. IJuniayyir; and 'Abdullah b. Humayyir, two allies from Ashja' of 
B. DuhmSn (471). Total 9 mcn. 

0''U. kl: uasb. Sinanb.'Ubayd:Yazidb.al-Mundhirb.SarhandMa'qil 
hisbrothcr;and \\ I 1 1 . > 1 1 I 1 l»i>>> 4 - 1 > 1 DiH,, 

b.ll.inrha I.. Zavd b. Thalaba b. 'Ubayd b. 'A.liv: jn.l S.iwiid h. Zuravi, 
b. Tha*laba b. 'Ubayd b. 'Adiy (474) ; and Ma'bad b. Qavs b. Sakhr b. 
Hariiml,. Ral,I'a h. 'Adi) h. Gbanm b. Ka'b b. Salima(47f); aml 'AMullah 
b. Qays b. Sakhr b. Haram b. Rabi'a b. 'Adiy b. Ghanm. Tmal 7 men. 

Of D. al-*Nu'man b. Sinan b. 'Ubayd: 'Ab.iull.ih li. ' \bt!„ \l.i;,.rf I, 
al-Nu'man ; and Jsbir b. 'Arniullah h Kiih h. al-Nu'man; and Khulayda 
' al-Nu'man b. Si.iiir liirii fri:i-d.iian. Total 4 1 



The Life of Muhammad 



OfB. 



h. I ],::>,: 



.■I:u:..f li. :\ 



h.ll.id 



'A,nr(477). Total 4 men. 

<»f 11. 'A.lTv b. Niihi b. 'Ai.u- li. S:,v,M h. Ghanm : 'Abs b. 'Amir h. 

.. 'AdTy ; and Tha'Iaba b. Ghanama h. 'Adiy ; and Ahu'1-Yasar Ka'b b. *Amr 

b. 'AbbSd b. "Ami- b. Ghan.n li. S:iv,fid; :„„l Salii b. Qays b. Abu Ka'b 

b. al Qa)n b ka i I \ b. Talq / ! h l m \ 1 ! 

b. 'Adly b. Ka'b b. 'Adiy b. Udayy b. Sa'd b. 'Al. b. Asatl li. Sjri * 
TaaJd b. Jnsham h. al-khamj b. r^ritha b. Tha'laba h. 'Amr b. 'Amir 
(478). Total 6 men, Those who smashed the idols of B. Salima were 
Mu'adh b. Jabal; 'Ahdiilhih b. Unays; and Thalaba b. Ghanama, they 



h-iiur 






., 'Auur I 



. . ). 'Abdu HSritha b. Malik b. Ghadb 
h. Jusham b. ai-khazraj of thc clan B. Mukhallad b. 'Amir b. Zurayq (479) : 
Qavs b. Milisan b. Khali.l b, MuUiallad (4801 ; ail.,1 Ab.i Khalid al-Harith 
b. Qays b. Khalid b. Mukhallad and Jubayr b. Ivv5s b Khiilid b Muk- 
hallad; and Abu 'Ubada Sa'd b. 'Uthman b. Khalada b. Mukh.tlki.i nn.I 
his brother 'Uqba b. 'Uthman, &c; and Dhakwan b. 'Abdu Qays b. 
Khalada b. Mukhallad; and Masud b. Khalada b. 'Amir b. Mukhallad. 



Of B. KhalTd b. 'Amir 



::-.,).. . 



b. Qays b. 



:■ 



OfB, Khakds b 'Amirb. Zb ay< .W.td b. YazTd b. a!-Fakih b. Zavdb. 

Khalada; and al-Faki! I- IIU 

and MuTidh h. M;Vis b, Qay« b. Ki.alada and his brother 'A'idh; and 
13 Masmi h. Sa'd b. Qavs ].. Khalada. Total 5 mcn. 

Of B. al-'Ajlan b. 'Amr b. 'Amir b. Zurayq: Rifi*a b. RIfT b. a!-'Ajliin 
and his brother Khallad; and 'Ubayd b. Zayd b. 'Amir b. al-'Ajlan. 
Total 3 men. 



Wpdl 



iir( 4 82);a 



I KliJiid 









li. Khalid b. Thalaba b. 'Amir (483); 
and Atiya D. lNuivavia 11. 111,11 0. 'Ativa b. 'Amir; and K.hulayfa (484) b. 
'Adiy b. 'Amr b. Malik b. 'Amir b. Puhayra. Total 6 men. 

Of B. Habib b. 'Abdu Haritha b. Malik b. Ghadb b. Jusham b. al-Khazraj : 
RJtT b. al-Mu ill I 1 1 I II il. h ' Adiy b Zayd b. Tha'laba b. 

Zavdu Mai.at b, rjabib. Total 1 man. 

Of B. Najjlr who was Taymullah b. Tha'laba b. 'Amr fa. al-Khazraj 
of the clan of B. Ghanm b. Malik b. al-Najjar of the subdmsion of B. 
Tha'laba b. 'Abdu 'Auf b. Ghanm; Abu Ayyub Khalid b. Zayd b. 
Kulayb b. Tha'laba. Total 1 man. 

Of B. 'Usayra b. 'Abdu 'Auf b. Ghanm: Thabil h. Khalid li. al-Nu'.nan 
b. KhansiT b. 'Usayra (485). Total r man. 

Of B. 'Amr b. 'Abdu 'Auf h. Gl.ai.m: Tiiiin b. Ha2m b. Zayd b. 
Laudhan b. 'Amr; and Suraqa b. Ka'b b. 'Abdu'I-T.'zza h. G]i.iziya li. 
*Ami. Total 2 men. 

0f B. 'Ubayd b. Tha'laba b. Ghanm; HSritha b. al-Ku'man b. Zayd 
b. 'Abld ; and Sulaym b. Qays b. Qahd who was Khalid b. Qays b. 'Abid 5 < 
( + K, l.Ml^men. 

Of B, '.Vidh b. Thalaba b. Ghanm (jS^j: Siilia;,: b. Rafi* b. Abij 'AjTir 
b. *A'idh "\ \i\ lll 1 II trom Juhayna. Total 2 men. 

Of B. Zayd b. Tha'laba b. Ghanm: MasTul b Aus b. Zayd; and Abu 
Khuzayma b. Aus b. Zayd b. Aaram b. Zayd; and Rati' b. al-Harith b. 
Sawad b. Zayd. Total 3 men. 

Of B. S:.ivid b. Malik b. Ghanm: 'Auf and Mu'awwidh and Mu'Idh 
sons 01 al-llanth b. I'if5'a h. Sawatl ln 'Afr5 f 4 SlS); and al-N u 'miin b. 

'Amr b. Rifa'a b. Sawad (4S9); .■11..! 'Amir b, Mukh: d h. :,I-U:n!tli b. 

Sawad; and 'Abdull,!, b. Qays b, Khalid b. Khalada b. al-Harith; and 
'Usuvma an al!v lioui Asl.ja'; and Wadl'a b. 'Amr an ally !>.,::> juhayiia; 
and Thabit b. 'Amr b. Zayd b. 'Adly. They allege that Abu'l-HamrJ , 1 
freedman of al-Harith b. 'Afr:i . I''l |,l ' r utal 10 men. 

Of B. 'Amir b. Malik b. al-Najjar, 'Amir being Mabdhiii of the clan 
of B. 'Atik b. 'Amr h. .M.ibuhiil: Thalaha b. 'Amr b. Mihsan b. 'Amr b. 
'Atlk; and Sahl b. 'Atik b. 'Amr b. al-Numan ; and al-IJari[h b, al-Simma 
b. *Amr; his leg was broken at al-Rauhi' and the apostlc gave him his 
shate in the booty. Total 3 men. 

Of B. 'Amr b, M.ll k '•- 1.1. " - :?. II lnh, of the clan of B. 
Qays b. 'Ubayd b. Z,i) :l li. M..'awiya h. 'Amr b. Malik b. al-Najjar (491): 
Ubayy b. Ka'b b. Qays ; and Anas b. Mu'adh b. Anas b, Qays. Total S' 

0f B. 'Adiy b. 'Amr b. Malik b. al-Najjar (492): Aus b. Thjbtt b. ai- 
Mundhir b. Haram b. 'Amr b. Zaydu Manat b. 'Adiy; and AbO Shaykh 
Ubayy h. riialiil :.. al-Mundbir b. Ilaiam b. Zaydu Manat b. 'Adiy (493); 
and Abu Talha who was Zayd b. Sahl b. al-Aswad b. Haram b. 'Amr b. 
ZayduManat'b. 'Adly. Total 3 men. 



33 6 The Lije <} 

Of B. 'Adiy b. al-Najjar of the tlaii of li. 'Adiy b. 'Amir b. Ghanm b. 
al-Najjar: Haritha b. Suraqa h. aMTiinih b. 'AdTy h. Miilik b. 'Adiy b. 
'Amir; 'Amr b. Thalaba b. Wahb b. 'Adly b. Malik b. 'Adiy h. 'Amir 
knou n as Abii Hakim; Sallt b. Qays b. 'Amr b. 'Atik b. Malik b. 'Adiy b. 
•Amir; Abu Sallt Usavra b. 'Amr; and 'Amr Abti Khirija b. Qays b. 
Malik b. 'Adly b. 'Amir; Thabit b. Khansa' b. 'Amr b. Malik, Sic. ; 
■Amir b. UmiYO I). Zavd b. al-Hashas b. Malik, &c.; and Muhrii b. 
'Amir h. Miihk h. 'Adi. , aml Sawiid h. Ghaziya b. Lhayb an ally from 
Bali(494). Total8men. 

1 I !l 1 .1 1 1 | 1 1 \nii 1 1 1 * ' 

7,.ivd Qays b. Sakan b. Qavs b. Za'ura' b. I.Iaram; .iml Alnil- Wsr b. 

jl-llarith b. /.liiiu b. 'Ahs b llar.Tm (405); and Sulaym b. Milhiin and 

S Haram his brothcr. Milhan's name was Malik h. Khalid b. Zayd b. 

Il.ir.iii, T..-JI 4 men. 

0f B. Mazin b. al-Najjar of the clan of B. 'Auf b. Mabdhul b. 
Ghanm b. Mazin b. al-Najjar: Qays b, Abu 

'Amr b. Zayd b. "Auf; and 'Abdullah b. Ka'b b. Amr D. /aui; ann 
'Usayma an ally from B. Asad b. Khuzayma. Total 3 men. 

Oi" 11. Khimsa' b. Mabdhul b. 'Arm b. Ghanm b. Mazin: Abu Da'ud 
•Urnayr b. 'Amir b. Malik b. Khansa'; and Suraqa b. 'Amr b. 'Atiya. 
Total 2 men. 

0f B. Tha'laba b. Mazin b. al-Najjar: Qays b, Mukhallad b. Thalaba 
b. Sakhr b. I hdiib h. al-lhirith b. Tha'laba. Total 1 man. 

6f B. Dlnar b. al-Najjar of the clan 01 B. Mas'Sd b. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal b. 
Haritha b. Dinar: al-Nu'man b. 'Abdu 'Amr b. Masml : and :il-i;>ahhiik 
li. 'Abdu '\mr b Mas'f,d: and Sulajm h. al-TIarrth b. Tha'lab 






0. Harithi 



;il-Xu'r 



f 'Alutu 'Auir 



.. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal b. Harilha; 

Sa',1 b. Snhayl b. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal. Tutal 5 men. 

0f H. Qavs h. Malik b. Ka'b b. Haritha b. Diniir b. al-Najjar: Ka'b b. 
/avd h. Qays; and Bujayr b. Abu Bujayr, an ally {496). Total 2 men. 

■ • ,; ' 

(, Thus tl,<. louil nunib.T ■ :> Mu.sl :rs, t.nigrarits, and Helpers who werc 
at Badr and were allotted a share in the booty was 314, the emigrants 
providing 83, Aus 61, and Khazraj 170. 



The Life of Muhammad 337 

0f B. 'Adi b. Ka'b; 'Aqil b. al-Bukayr an ally from B. Sa'd b. Layth; 
and Mihja' freedman of 'Umar. Total 2. 
0f B. al-Harith b. Fihr: Safwan b. Bayda'. Total I, Grand total 6. 
Of the Helpers: of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf: Sa'd b. Khaythama, and Mubash- 
shir b. 'Abdu'I-Mundhir b. Zanbar. Total a, 

0f B. al-Harith b. al-Khazraj : Yaztd b. al-Harith known as Ibn Fusham. 
Totali. 

he clan of B. Haram b. Ka'b b. Ghsnm; 'Umayr b. 



al-Humam. Total 1. 

b. Ghadb b. Jushan 
al-Mu'alla. Total 1. 

Of B. al-Najjar: Haritha b. Suraqa b. al-Harith. Total 1. 

0f B, Ghanmb. Malikb.al-Najjar: 'Aufand Mu'a\vwidh the t 
al-Harith b. Rifa'a by 'Afra'. Total 2, Grand total 8. 






The Quraysh losse3 at Badr were as follow: 

Of B. 'Abdu Shams: Hanzala b. Abu Suryan (499); al-Harith b. 
al-rlaclrami and 'Amir b. al-Hadraml, two allies of theirs (500); and 
'Umayr b. Abu 'Umayr and his son two treedmen of thcirs (501); and 
'Ubayda b. Sa'id b. al-'Aa b. Umayya whom al-Zubayr b. al-'Aww5m 
kiUed; and al-'As b. Sa'id whom All killed; and 'Uqba b. Abu Mu'ayt 
whom 'Asim b. Thabit killed (502); and 'Utba b. Rabi'a whom 'Ubayda 
b. al-Harith killed (503); and SI-„ l.iamza kiiled; and 

al-Walld b. 'Utba . 'Amir b. 'Abdullah, an ally from 

B. Anmar b. Bighld whom 'A)i k-lii.l. Total 12. 

Of B. Naufal b. 'Abdu Manaf: al-Harith b. 'Amir whom Khubayb b. 
Isaf is said to ha\ lili , I , , b '\diy b. Naufal whom 'Ali 

killed while others say Hamza killcd him. Total 2. 

Of B. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza: Zama'a b. al-Aswad (504); and al-Harith 
b. Zama'a (505); and 'Uqayl b. al-Aswad (506); and Abu'1-Bakhtarl 
who was al-'As b. Hisham whom al-Mujadhdhar b. Dhiyid al-Balawi 
killcd (507) ; and Naufal b. Khuwaylid who was b. al-'Adawiya the 'Adiy 
of Khuza'a; it was he who bound Abu Bakr and Talha b. 'Ubaydullah 
with a rope when they became Muslims and so weM i.iih:ii 'tlH:-!v.n-tivd 
together-ones'. He was one of the prindpal men of Quraysh. 'Ali killed 
him. Total 5 men. 

Of 'Abdu'1-Dar: al-Nadr b. al-ll r „,,n„ q that 'AlT evecuted 
in the presence of the apostle at al-Safra' (308) ; and Zayd b. Mulay^ 
freedman of 'Umayr b. Hashim b. 'Abdu Manaf (509). Total 2. 

Of B. Taym b. Murra: 'Umayr b. 'Uthman (510); and 'Uthman b. 51 
. '! ..!... 

Of B. Makteum b. Yaqaza: Abu Jahl b. Hisham (Mu'adh b. 'Amr 



3?x 



i-Widhi, 



i. n; Si 



TAe Life 

i'Ikrim; 



leaving him at the last gasp; then 'Abdullah h. Mas'ud qukklj dispat! hc! 
him and cut off his head when the apostle ordeted that search should bc 
made among the slain for him); and al-'As b II m j i 1 Ii ! 

and Yazid b. 'Abdullah, an aily from B. Tamim ( 5 ri); and Abu Mus3rV 
al-Ash'ari, an ally (512); and Harmala b. 'Amr, an ally (513); and Mas'ud 
b. Ahii l irawi (514); and Abu Qays b. al-Walid (515); and Abu Qays b. 
al-Fakih (516); and Rif5'a b. Abu Rifa'a (517); and al-Mundhir b. Abij 

o Rifa'a ( 5 i8); and 'Abduliah b. al-Mundhir (510); and al-Sa'ib b. Ahu'l- 
Sa'ib (510); and al-Aswad b. 'Abdu'1-Asad whom Hamza killed; and 
Hajib b. al-S5'ib ( 5 2i); and 'Uwaymir b. al-Sa'ib (522); and 'Amr b. 
Sufyan , and Jahir b Sufy5n, t 11 I 1 (j*j) Total 17 

Of B. Sahm b. 'Amr: Munabbih h. al-Hajjaj whom Abol 
andhissonal-'As( 5 24),and \u! I !i 1 25) and \buT-'As b. 

. Qays (526) ; and 'Asim b. 'Auf (537). Total 5. 

Of B. Jumah: Umayya b. Khalai' whuin 1. Helpei of B. Mazin killed 



>. Uma 



wl.ot.i 



Aus h. 



Mi'yar (529). Tota „ 

Of B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy: Mu'awiya b, 'Amir, an ally from 'Ahdu'l-Qays 
whom 'Ali killed (530); and Ma'bad b. Wahb, an ally from B. Kalb b. 
'Auf whom Khalid and lyas the two sons of aLBukayr killed (531). 
Total 2. 

Thus the total number of Quraysh slain at Badr as given to us is 5 o 
men( J32 ). 



al-Harith 



i. IMsl.iiu 



'Abdu'1-Muttalil 



11 Mam 



'Aqil h 



[, liilib a, 



Naufal b 



al-Muttalib 
Yazid and Numan b. 'Amr 

From B. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu Manaf: 'Amr b. Abii Sutyan b. Harb 
b. Uinawa ar.d al-Harith b. Abu Wajza b. Abu 'Amr b. Umayya (533); 
and Abu'l-'As b. al-Rabi' b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza; and Abu'l-'As b. Nautsl; 
and of their allics Abu Risha b. Abu 'Amr; and 'Amr b. a!>Azraq; and 
'Uqba b. 'Abdu'1-Harith b. al-Hadrami. 7- 



The Life of Muhammad , 

From B. Naufal b. 'Abdu Manaf: 'AdTy b. al-Khiyar b. 'Adiy; s 



from B. Mizin b. Mansiir; and AbB Thaur, an ally. 3. 

B. 'Abdu'I-Dar b. Qusayy: Abu 'Aziz b. 'Umayr b. Hashim b. 
'Amir, an ally. They used to say 'We are 
ir b. al-Harith b. al-Sabbaq.' 2. 

Qusayy: al-Sa'ib b. Abu Hubaysh b. 
'Uthman (534) b. 



'Abdu Manaf; 

From B. Asad b. 'Abdu'1-' 
al-Muttalib b. Asad; and al-Huv,avnth 
Asad, and Salim b. Shammakh an ally. „ 

From B. MakhzQm b. Yaqaza b. Murra: Khalid b. Hisham b. al- 
Mughira b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar; and Umayya b. Abu Hudhayfa b. 
al-Mughira; and Walid b. al-Walld b. al-Mughira; and 'Uthman b. 
Abdullal, h. al-Mii(tliiru !,. "Abdullah b. 'Umar; and Savfi b. Ahii Rif.i'a 
b. 'Abid b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar; and Abu'1-Mundhlr his brother; and Abu 
'Ata' 'Ahdullah b. Abu'1-Sa'ib b. 'Abid b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar; and 
al-Muttalib h. j.i.mtah I.. al-Hitiuii ],. 'Ubayd b. *Umar; and Khalid b. 
ally, who they say was the iirst to turn his back in night. He 



Thewi 



al-Miiltalili paid 



Sa'.l v,h„ 



Jood drops on to our feet. 9 ( 535 ). 

TO b. Husays b. Ka'b: Abu Wada'a b. Dubayra b. 

lsom money. Farwa b. Qays b. 'Adiy b. Hudhafa 
inzaia b. Qabisa b. Hudh5fa b. Sa'd; an.i 
al-Harith b. Qays b. 'Adiy b. Sa'd. 4. 

From B. Jumah b. 'Amr b. Husays b. Ka'b: 'Abdutlah b. Ubayy b. 
Khalaf b. Wnhli ! ; -a'Amrb. "Abdullah b. 'Uthman 

b. Wuhayb b. II : ,ccdman of Umayya b. Khalaf. 

Afi,T th;|. Kibah b* al.Mughtarif claimed ting that he was of B. 

Shammakh b. Muhaiib b. i-ilir. I. 'is sal.i that aI-Fakih was the son of 
Jarwal b. Hidhyam b. 'Auf b. Ghadb b. Shammakh b. Muharib b. Fihr; 
and Wahb b. 'Umayr b. Wahb b. Khalaf b, Wahb b. Hudhafa; and Rabl'a 
b. Darraj b. al-'Anbas b. Uhhan b. Wahb b. Hudh5fa. 5. 

From B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy: Suhayl b. 'Amr b. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu 
Wudd b. Nasr b. Malik b. Hisl (Malik b. al-Dukhshum brother of B. 
Salim b. 'Auf took him prisoncr); and 'Abd b. Zama'a b. Qays b. 'Abdu 51 
Shams b. 'Abdu Wudd b. Nasr b. Malik b. Hisl; and 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. 
Mashnu' b. Waqd5n b. Qavs b. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu Wudd b.Nasr b. 
M.ilikb. Hislh. 'Amir. 3. 

al-HJrith b. Fihr: al-Tufayl b. Abu Qunay'; and 'Utba b. 



b. Jabdarr 



imber reported to 



The Life of Muhammad 



Of the poetry about the battle of Badr which the two parties 
between them in reference to what happened therein are the 
Hamza b. 'Abdu'1-Munalib (537): 

(Though roads to death are plain to see) 

Ia tbat a people should deslroy themselves and periah 2 

By encouraging one another to disobedience and disbelief, 

The night they all aet out for Badr 

And became death's pawns in ita well. 

We had sought but their caravan, naught else, 

But they came to us and we met une^pcctedly. 1 

When we met there was no way out 

Save with a thrust from dun-coloured straight-lashioned sh 

And a blow with awords which severed rheir heads, 

Swords that glittered as they sraote. 

We Ieft the erring 'Utba lying dead 

And Shayba among the slain thrown in the well ; 

'Amr lay dead among their protectors 

The noble women of Lu'ayy b. Ghalib 
Who surpass the best of Fihr. 
Those were folk who were killed in their error 
And they left a 
A banner of en 
He betrayed them (the evil one is prone te> treachery), 
When he saw things dearly he said to them, 
'I am quit of you. I can no longer endure,* 
I aee what you da not see, I fear God's punishment 
For He is invincible.' 

He led them to death so that they perished 
While he knew what they could not know. 
On the day of the well they mustered a thousand, 
' :d like excited wl ' 



Withus 



re God's : 






a place that wi 
Under our banner Gabriel attacked with them 



Witlltll 



TheLifeof. 
Al-Harith b. Hisham b. al-Mughira answt 
Help, my people, in my longing and 
My sorrow and buming heart! 
Tears flow copiously from myeyea 
Like pearls falling fr 
Weeping fo "' 
Death's pawn at ttie well ot badr, 

li ' iiTiam raen chanced to meet you when your luck was 01 
You brought upon them a humiliation which is hard to bea 



Help, O Lu'ayy, pr 
Yourfathers 



I will slay as many dear to them 
As they have slain of mine. 

Have strangers whom they have collected deceived them 
' rfFihr? 
■ sanctuary and your gods ; 



1 he temple with its roof and curtain. 

Forgive him not, O tribe of Ghalib, 

Fight your adyersary with all your might and help one anoti 

Bear one another'9 afflictions with endurance. 

You may well avenge your brother, 

N T othing matters if you fail to take revenge on *Amr's slayer 

With waving swords nashing in your hands iike lightning 

Sending heads nying as they glitter. 









When they are unshi 
'All b. Abii Tllib said: 
Have you not seen how God favoured His apostle 
w He brought humiliation on the unbeli 



evil-eyed enemy (538). 



Who wi 






While the apostle of God's victory was glorioui 

He being sent by God in righteousness, 

He brought the Furqin sent down from God, 



And (thanks to God) became one people ; a 

Others disbelieved, their minds wcnt astray 

And the Lotd of the throne brought repeated calamitla 

At Badr He gave them into the power of His apostle 



11. , tlL 1 ll 

Ar,J Slmyba anii Abii Jahl 

And Dhu'l-Rijl ! and Ibn Jud'an also, 

With burning throats in mouraing garb displaying bereavement. 

Dead in Badr's well lay many, 

in times of dearth; 



Error c. 
(Forer, 






Vr.v 



s easy to adopt). 



Al-Harith h. Hisham b. al-Mughira answ, 
I wonder at folk whose fool sings 
Of folly captioua and vaiu, 
Singing about the slain at Badr 
When young and old vied in glorious e 
The brave swordsman of Lu'ayy, Ibn ( 
Thrusting ;n battle, leasting the hungp 



Like you who havc i , i < ;h ,.v ■ 1 ,,in ^pecial friends 

An impious, odious crime, and a severing of the ties of blood ; 

But the best death is on the battleneld. 

Rejoice not that you have killed them, 

For their death . 

Now they are dead you will always be divided, 



Un 






The Life of Muhammad 

iS of Ibn Jud"an, the praiseworthy, 
a, and him who is ouled Abu Jah! «n 
id Al-Walid w 



ij-ya, tl 



„i :>wn 



yi.um,: 



Thc ki ciiing wonien will bcwail thi-ir loss 
Say to the people of Mecca, Asst 
And go to palmy Medina's forts, 
Dckuul >oursclvcs and fight, O people of Ka'b 
With your polished and burnished swords 
Or pass the night in fear and trembling 
By day mcaner than the sandal that is trodden 
But know, O men that by Al-Lat, I am sure 
That you will not rest without t:iki n lt vmilt.uk 
AU of you, don your mail, lakc tlic spcar, 
The hclmct, sharp sword and arrows. 
Dirar b. al-Khattab b. Mird 
I wonder at the boasting 



Muharib b. Fihr said: 



For all of them were stcadfast men. 

H some of our men were left dead 

We shall leave others dead on the neld. 2 

Our Aying steeds will carry us atnong you, 

Till we slake our vengeance, O Banu'1-Aus, 

We shall return to the charge in tht- midst of llu 

Your dead we shall leave with vultures circling : 
To look for help but a vain desire. 
Yathrib's women will mourn them, 
Their nlghts long and sleepless 

Dripping with the blood of l! 
Though you won on the day of Badr 

And the chosen band, his friends, 

Who protected him in battle when death was at 

Abu Bakr and Hamza could be numbered amon 



The Life of Muhammad 
\t\& 'A!i among those yDu could mention, 
\ I ■ b ..i i I ' L'thman were of them, 
3a'd too, if anyone was present, 
rhose men— not the begettings of Aus and Najjir— 
3hould be the object of your boasting, 
8ut their father was from Lu'ayy Ibn Ghalib, 

: reckoned. 
rhcy are the men who repelled the cayalry on every front, 
rhe noblc and glorious on the day of battle. 



Does what He wills, none can dcfeat Him. 
He decreed that we should meet at Eadr 
An cvil band (and evil ever leads to death). 
They had summoned their neighbours on : 
Until they formed a grcat hoat. 

Ka'b and 'Amir and all of them. 

With us was God's apDstle with Aus round 

Like a strong impregnable fortress 

The tribes Df Baml Najjar beneath his bam 

When we met them and every steadfast wa 
Ventured his life with his comrades 
We testified to the unity of God 
And that His apostle brought the truth. 
When our light swords were unsheathed 
'Twas as though fires rlashed at their move 



Wi:fc th 



.te them 



They became ruel 



Al-Taymi they left on the battleheld, 



God's apostle had ca 
But they tumed awa 
Because God willed 
And none can irert ' 



Tke Lije of Muhammad 



left behind them Nubayh and Mmiabhili nnd 
wo SDns of Rabi'a', best Bghters against odds, 
he generous Harith, whose face shone 
:he full moan illuminatmg night; 



Like a long lai 
His origin and his ancestnrs 
And the glory of his father's and his motr 
If one must weep and show great grief 
oegloriouschief " " 



God, k 

And grant them special favc 

Hassan b. Thibit al-Ansarl an 



i'1-Walid and his fnmily, 



And our glorious, purposeiul, tolerant, courageou 
The prophet, soul of virtue and generosity, 
The truest man that ever swore an oath? 
One who resembles him and does his teaching 



Like musk mingled with pure water 



Vivacious, not hasty in swearing an 
Her well-covered hips as she sits 
Form a hollow in her back like a rr 



[6 The Life of Muh 

By night my dreams inHame my Jesii 



ind escaped hy giring 
t left the swift steeds t 
ts the weighted rope d 
lis inare galloped away 



Rui lor God Jii.l rlu Lij.iiii.il'.- jpjj.l nmr 



Swords in the hands of noble valiant ch 
Whose noble ancestry is yindicated with 
Swords that strike nre from steel 
Like lightnmg 'neath the storm clouds, 
Al-Harith answered him and said: 

Thc peoplc know well z I did not leave 
Fought alone I should bi 



3earching inquiry. 



c nght until my steed was 




The Life of Muhammad 
This is what Al-Hirith said in excuse for running av 
Badr (540). 
Hassan also said; 1 

Quraysh knew on the day of Badr, 

'. 1k tl;r. ol cuptiYity and violcnt slaughter, 






I, Hk Ukl 



In the batllc of 



'l-Waild. 



We killed 


' ,!■;'., -. • 


■OSOHSth. 


djy t!ic 


car 


Clad in dc 




LLLililJl LiJ 






Hakim tk 


on the d 


v that the 


amYl-N 


jjSr 




upon them like lions 










iirnrd 1,1,1 






The miserable Harit 




J tfa«n 




You met s 










Q»iek,dc 










,\K ll.C ii.l 










They paid 


no heed 


ancestral 


ronour 














O Hirith, 


you took 


basedocis 


«•iuw 





Rapid-paced and long in flank> 

Leaving your people behind to be slain, 

Thinking only of r^.ipi- whcn you shnuld lmve skhhI tast. 

': \"'' - 

God hastened to destroy his host 
In shameful disgrace and painful punishmentl (541}. 
*an alsosaid (542) : J 

A bold intrepid man— no coward — 
Led those clad in light chain armour. 

Who favoured him with piety and goodness above all ■ 

You had said you would protect your caraian. 

And that Badr's waters could not be reached 4 by us. 

We drank to the full without stint, 

Holding fa$t to an unseverable rope, 

The well plaited rope of God that stretches far. 

We have the apostle and we have the truth which we folIow 



The Life af Muhammad 



The Banu Asad 






Onth 


day of the Wdl 




Ahu'1 


Assoon 


:=V ,ka,: 


on the ground: 






e back o 


his gallopmg steed : 








weapons, gaod hghter 








Therr 




we left 




His li: 


blood f 






Hish 


ehead cushioned 


n the dust, 



C-.r, 




le say if the Me 






ilo 




ew the unbelie 




n rhr 


We 


<■'-"' 


their kaders 111 


the 


battk 



We killed Abii Jahl and 'Utba before him, 
And Shayba fell ibrward with his hands outs 
We killed Suwayd and 'Utba after him. 

■in thedustafcombat. 

ilile, generous man we slew 
Of lofty line, illustrious among his people. 
at for hyaenas 



Later t, 



n Hell fir 



■ir foIlowe 



Haklm's speed saved him on the day rjf Ba 
Like the speed of a colt from al-A'waj's m: 
Wlirn hr snw ISadr's valley walls 
Swyrming with the black-malkd souadron: 
Who do not retire when they meet the ene: 



TheLifeof 






Hcrors where tl 
Chiefa giving lai 
Crowned ones hearing the burden of blood-wi 

Smiring the bold with their all-piercing sword 
Hassan also said : 

Thanks to God we fear no 



Howm 






. 



Whenever they brought a multinide against us 


The graciou 




At Badr we 


aised our spears alort, 


Death did n 




You could n 


Jt see a body of men 




ous to those they attack when war is stirred up, 




ur trust [in God] and sald: 






With them v 


e met them and were victorions 


Thaugh but 


a band against their thousands. 


Hassan also said, 


satirizing B. Jumah and those of them who were 


Banujumah 


rushed headlong to disaster 2 because of their un 



(The mean man inevitably meets humiliitio 
They were conouered and slain at Badr, 
They deserted in all directians, 
They rejected the scripture imd called Muh, 
But God makes the religion of every apostle 



God cu 
Thetv. 



:., ;•:,,,:-. 



'Ubayda b. al-Harith said about the battle of Bidr, and the cutting off of 
his foot when it was smitten in the tight, when he and Hamza and 'All 
fought their enemies (546): 

A battle will tell the Meceans about us: 

It will make distant men give heed, 

When 'Utba died and Shayba aiter him 

And 'Utba's eldest son had no cause to bc pleased with it. 3 

You msy cut off my leg, yet I am a Muslim, 

I hope in exchange for a life near to Allah 

With Houris fashioned like the most beautiful statues 

With the highest heaven for those who mount there. 



We fought the rebellious for God's sake; 
Till their fate came upon them (547). 
When ". I.syris Jicil of thi. wound in his lcg m thc battlc of Badr, Ka'b 
Malik, the Ansari, wrote this elegy on him: 
< ) cvc, >,- nenerous, not niggardly, 
With thy true tears ; spare them not 

Nohle in deed and in desccnt, 

! '■' irnbi, repute and goodly descent, 2 
'Ubayda has passed away, we cannot hopc 

On the eve of battle he used to protect our rearguard with his swor 
Ka'balsosaid: 

(Tlte best informant ia one with knowledge thercof), 
That Ma'add shot their arrows at us, 
The whole tribe of them were hostile, 
Because we worship God, boping in none other, 
i Hoping for heaven's gardens since their prophet has come to us. 1 

A prophet with a glorious inheritance among his people, 



Wbose v,ctims h 


ven 


,.:.,,,, 


ll,.|H ,, 


We smote them 1 


i the battle 




Till r.u'avv's leat 








They ned, and w 


cu 




own with 0, 



The Life of Muhammad 

We came there with God's light 

( learillga IV lllt 1 r of Jarkncss I n us. 

God's apostle led us, by God's order, 

An order Me had riw.i l,v Jcow ; 

Your horsemen could not conquer at Badr 

Suryan, and watch 



}■'<>,- 1 l,r li, 



::, krij.,7 



By God's help the holy spirit is 
And Michael, what a goodly company! 
Talib b. Ahu Talib, praising thc apostlc anil laiTii-iiliiig ihc i".en 
Quraysh who were thrown into the pit at Badr, said r 
My eye wept copiously 
Over Ka'b, though it 



Fate destroyi 

them-T' ' S 
Shall I ever see the: 
They are my brothi 



:m, thcy having grs:,:::y sirrmrj.' 
closcr (to each other) ? 



O our brothen \n l,i M, 1 r 1 1 \ util, may I be your 
Put not war between us. After the love and friendship w 
Become not (the subject of) stories in which all ,>f \m, lun 



. , :■,,. , , ,,:, 

: have protected your people. 



s, until you smite Khazraj well and truly. 
al-Khattab al-Fihri lamenting Abu Jahl said: 



Tke Life o/ Muhammad 



Now 






'■ 



-p foi 



I weep for him whose death brought sorrow to Lu'ayy b. Ghalib, 
To whom death came at Badr where he remains. 
You could see fragments of spears in his horse's chest, 
Scraps of his rlesh plainiy intermmgled with them. 
No lion lurking in the valley of Bisha, 
Where through jungled va!es the waters Aow, 
Was bolder than he when lances clashcd, 
When rhe cry wcnt forth among the yaliant 'Dismount' 1 
Grieve not overmuch, Mughira's kin, be resolute 
{Though he who so grieves is not to be blamed). 
Be strong, for death is your glory, 
And thereatter at ]ife's end there is no regret. 
I said that victory will be yours 

And high renown— no man of sense will doubt it ( S+ 8). 
Al-ljarith b. Hisham, bewailiug his brother Abu Jahl, said: 









in the past was s. 
I was happy while you were alive; 
Mow I im Ieft in a miserable state. 



When daylight comes i 

My eye is weary of rer 

Abu Bakr b. al-Aswad b. 






rrmbering 'Amr (549). 

ihuub al-Laythl, whose na 
Ummu Bakr gave me the greeting of peace; 
In the pit, the pit of Badr, 






iy pcople are r, 

■ . 



The Life 
In the pit, the pit of Badti 
What plauers piled high with choicest cam 
Intheweil, the well of Badr, 

In the well, the well of Badr, 
How many hags 1 and sumptuous gifls ! 
What friends of the noble Abu 'Ali, 
Brother of the generous cup and boon com 

And the men of the pass of Na*am 

You would mourn over them like the moth 

Yearning over her darling. 

The apostle tells us that we shall live, 



■]-S:,it, [,„ 









Would'st thou not weep over the nobles, 

Sons of nohles, praised by all, 

As the doves moum upon the leafy boughs, 

Wccping in soft dejected notes 
When they retum at nightfall. 









The keeners who lift uj 

\ 

He who praises them tclls the truth. 
\\li:ir ihk-fs and leaders 
At Badr and al-'Aqanqal, 

1 ! Barqayn and Al-Hannan, 
At the end of al-Awashih, 
Grey-bcards and youths, Bold leaders, 
Eaiders impetuous! 
See you not what I see 



Who say and do and order what is right, 

Served on hrtad v. hire us a Iamb's sromach ; 
Who offcr dish.es and yct more dishes 
As large as water pools. 
The hungry finds them not empty 
Ncr widc without depth, 
! , 

With hroad open hiuld, 

Givera of hundreds from hundreds of milch Ci 
To hundreds of their guests, 

■rsmel herds to the herds, 
:in Baladih. 
Their nobles have a distinction 
Outweighing the nobility of others 
As the weights send dt 



\s thc hi 



er holds it. 



A party deserted them, while they protected 






■n :r,H: 



■ 



With broad-bladed Indian swords 
Their voices pained me as they 

How fine were the sons of 'Ali all 
If they do not raid such a raid 
As would send back every barking 
With borKS trained to long rides, 
With proudly raised heads, kept n 
As young men on fine horses 
Against rierce raeaw 



The Lije o/ Muhammad 
; nandspearmen( 5S1 ).> 



1 \.i:rr brmhcrs like the Gerr 
st family of Ka'b, 



And isl ihlished tliem in imprcgnable po; 
Whcn misfnrlnnc visiu-i! [t.-ir kir.smcn 
Their hearta ached for them, 
They gave their food when rain failed, 



When 






[u'awiya b. 7.ilI::: 
D. JVlaztn D. Adry b. Jusbam b. Mu'a\\i_va, un 
passed Huhayra b. Abii Wahb as they were rr 
Eadr. Hubayra was eshausted snd ihrew a 1 
(Mu*awiya) picked it up and went oiTwith it. ] 
lines (554): 

When I saw th 



Itunn 



Irc arrny panic, 



dcad, 



And that thcir leaders 

: hc best of them 
Were like sacririces to idols, 
Many of them lay there dead, 






The Life of Muhammad 
We left tbe way and they overtook us 
In waves, like an overwhelming ilood; 
Some said, 'Who is Ibn Qaysi' 
[ said, 'Abu Usama, without boasting, 
I am the Jushamite, that you may know me, 

Answering challenge by challenge, 
If you are of the best bom of Quraysh, 
I am from Mu'awiya ibn Bakr.' 
Te!l Malik, whcn we were attacked, 
For you, O Milik, know of me; 

Hub: 

heis 

That when I was cailed to U&yd 1 
I returned to the bartle with undaunted heart, 
The night thc hapless were left unheeded 
Old friends and mother's kindred. 
So that is your brother, B. Lu'ayy, 
And that is Malik, O Umm 'Amr,» for 
Had I not been there striped hyaenas, 
Mothers of cubs would have had him, 
Digging at the graves with their claws, 
Their faces as black as a cooking-pot; 
I swear by Him Who is my Lord 
And by the blood-stained pillars of the stoning ] 
You wrll sll what my rrnc worth 13 
When men become as tierce as leopards. 1 
No lion from his lair in Tarj— 
Bold, menacing, tathering cubs in the jungle, 
Who has made his den taboo against intruders 
So that none can approach him even with a fon 
In the sand, bands of men are helpless 
He leapi 



ce roaring and growling at 



When I advar 

With arrows like sharp lai 

Their points like burning coals. 

And a round 5 shield of bull's hide 

And a strDngly fashioned bow, and 

A glittering sword which 'Umayr, the polisher, 



The Life of Muhammad 
I let its lanvard trail, and strode proudly forward 
With body at full stretch, as a lion walks. 
Sa'd thc v> jrriur said to me, Here is a gift,' 
I answered, Perhaps he is bringing treachery, 
And I said, Abu 'Adiy, do not go near them 
lf you wiii obey my orders today 
As they did with Farwa when he came to them 



*> (555). 



iu Usama also said: 



With news that a shrcwd man will connrm ? 

Ijo iini >i:11 kuou :ioiv I kcpt returning to thc fight at BaJr 

When the swords rlashed around you, 

Whcii ;he nniiv's lcadcrs wcrc lcft prostratc, 

Theirheadslike S licesofmelon? 

A gloomy fate, to the people's hurt, 

Came upon yrm in the valley of Badr; 

m irom disaster 
And God's help and a well-conceived plan, 
I returned alone from al-Abwa' 
Whcn voii v,tTL siirmumled by the enemy, 
Helpless, if ar 



ig by th 



: cf Kur: 



Whenever a 

For my aid in an evil day, 

A brother or ally in such case, 

. 1 ■■■■ iiu- r Boswered hu call, 

[ rvliir;;vd 10 thc iYny, ii:spelling gloom, 
And shot when faces showed hostility. 
Many an at!versary have I Ieft on the ground 

1 11 I 1 I 1 nnii; 

Whenbattie wasjoi' " 



'.li.il J: 



:J lluud: 



Tli.il is uhat I did on the day of Badr. 

Bcfore that I was resourcefu! and stcadfast, 

Your brother as you know in war and famine 

Whosc cvils are ever with u», 

Your champion undaunted by darkesl night or superio 

Out into the bitter black night I plunged" 

Wben the freezing wind forces dogs to shelter (556). 





The Life of Muhammad 


Ilini 


A. Ttbil !.). R.ll:!'.l bcwjilir.g hci hlllier ..:: ll» 




W..-S, bc gcncratis with tiry tc.-trs 




ForthebestofKhi.Klif' ss .,,is 




Who ncYLi rcturncd (home). 








Thc sons n r I Ilshim and tl.c soos or al-Muttali 




Tbi-y ina.k- him t.tste thc edgc of thcit sword S , 




Thcy alliickcd [ini: ajiiiin nlicii hc wus liclpless. 




Tiinv i!i';H;:;.-i] him stripped and spoiled 




With ilu- dual upon his face; 



Fate is against us and has wronged us 

After the slain of Lu'avv b. Ghiihb, 
Can a man care about his dcath or tht 
Many a day did he rob himsell of wes 

Give Abu Sufyan a message from me 
If I meet him one day [ will reproye 1 



j. J.iit; likc thedeath of rrr 



Thc m. 

AU generous men in years of 

Whenthestarsttlthhchltiici, 

I wasafraidofwhatIsaw 

I was afratd of what I s:i« 
And today I am besi 
How iiiam a woirun will sat 
Alas TJmm MuWIya! (55 S) 



,yself. 



eye, wecp Ibr 'L ihj, thc stmng-nccked chief, 
Who gave his food in famine, 

O.ir deieace on the day of victory, 

1 ii::i Lt: i.-vi.-l- tor lllin iin.k. i: li. .irlcd, dciiicuu d.' 
Let us fall on Yathrib with an overv.hetming attack 
With horses kept hard by, 






' 



1. Umavya b. 'Abdu i 
itofBsdr, said: 



Alas for my cye painful and bleared 

The night far spent, the rising sun still hid! 

I .•:!:-. :■■!.; that the noble chieftains 

'.l'.'l tlic ndcrs rled with the army and 
Mothers neglected their children that morning. 

t 11 1I1 1 . | 

And if you weep, it is not for those who are dii 

They were the supports 2 of the tent. 

When they broke, the roof of the tent was left 



Alas my eye, weeping has exhausted its tears 

Like the ttvo buckets of the waterman 

Walking among the trecs of the orchard. 

No lion of th. 

Father of cubs, leaping on his prey, 

Exceediiii: . - :: 

Is equal to my love when he died 

Fadng people whose fa«s were changed in anger, 

In his hand a sharp sword of the nnest steel, 

When you thrust with a spc.i.r ynu inaiic great wounds 

From whieh came hot foaming blood (560). 
Hind d. Uthatha b. 'Abbad b. al-Muttalib lamcnting 'Ubayda 
Harith b. al-Muttalib said : 
A]-Safra' 5 holds glory ::;.!- 
Deep-rooted cuhure, ample intelllgencc. 
Weep for 'Ubayda, a mountain of strength to thc - 
And the widow wh.; sucklcs .1 dishcve]led baby; 



Jo The Life of Muhammad 

To the people in eveiy winter 
When tlie skies are red from famine ; 

He heated the pot which foamed with milk as 
When the fire bumed low and its rlame died 
He would revive it with thick brushwood. 
Moum him for the nlght traveller or the onc \ 
The wanderor lost whom he put at his ease (5 



tjutayla d. al-Harith, sister of al-Nadr b. al-Harith, weeping him sa 
O Rider, I think you will reach Uthayl 1 

At dawn ol the fi.:h r.iiJlt ti you a r . ' ' 






Switt camels always carty news from me to thce, 
(Tell of) Howmg tear8 ranning prohisely or etlding 
Can al-Nadr hear me wben I call him, 
How can a dead man hear who cannot spcak ? 
O Muhammad, finest child of noble mother, 
Whose sire a noble- sire was, 

'Twould not have harmed you had you spared him, 
' ift spares though full of rage and anger. 






-.;,] 'l 






The dearest priee that co 

Al-Nadr was the nearest relative you captured 

With thc best claim to be releaaed. 

The swords of his father'3 sons came down on him, 

Good God, what honds of klnship there were shatteredl 

EjJiausted he was led to a cold-bloodcd death, 

A prisoner in bonds, walking like a hobbled beast (562).' 

The apostle left Badr at the end of the month of Ramadan or in ShawwSl. 



The apostle stayed only aeven nights in Medina before he himself made a 
t 1 ! _m 11 I B, Sulaym (563). He got as far as their watering place called 
al-Kudr and stayed there three nights, returning to Medlna without nn\ 

*0f Shswwal . I Dhu'1-rja'da and 

m of most of the Quraysh pnsoncrs. 



The Life of Muhammad 



Abu Muhammad 'Abdu'1-Malik b. Histiam from ZiySd b. 'Abdullah 
un Muhammad b. Ish5q al-Muttalibl said: Then Abu 
Sufyan b. Harb made the raid of Sawiq in Dhu'1-Hijja. The polythcists 
were in charge of the pilgrimage that year. Muhammad b. Ja'far b. 
al-__uliavr and Yazid b. RumSn and one whose vcracity I do not auspect 
from 'Abdullah b. Ka'b b. Malik who was onc of the most learned Helpers 
' " returned to Mccca and the Quraysh 



until he had raided Muhammad. Acsortl 












hc Nejd ro 



stoppedby the u'-.j ■ ..lii.h i.-J tu a mountaiii called 

Thayb about onc post distance from Medina. Th_n hc sallied lorth by 
night and came to the B. al-Nadir under cover of darkness. I Ic camc to 
Huyiyy b. Akhtab and knocked upon his door, but as hc was a.raid uf liliu 
he reiused to open the door, so he went to Satlui-i !:;. ?-_:.hk..m, v.hn was 
their chicf at that time, and keeper of the public purse. He asked permis- 
sion to come in and Sailam entcrtained him with fnod and drink, and gave 
him secret information about thc Muslims. He rejoined his companions 
at the end of the night and sent some of them to Medina. They came to an 
outlying district called Al-"Uravd and there they bumt some young palm- 
trees and hnding one of the Helpers and an ally of his working the Helds 
there, they killed them and returned. People got warning of them and so 
the apostle went out in pursuit (564). He got as far as Qarqaratu'l-Kudr" 
-tnd then returned because Abu Sufyan and his companions had eluded 

in the fields to lighten their baggage so as to get away quickly. When the 
apostle brought thi isked, 'Do you hope that this will 5. 

count (with God) in our favour aa a raid f* and he replied, 'Yes' (565). 



When he m 



away Abu Sntyin 
man out of Medina as an ally 
though I did 1 



Sallam ibn Mishb 

Hi, 11 the 1 11 1 lnii . I ImlI 
■i. :t li:i:'.j 






rit :n 'l.eir fjv--.ur 



-. ■]-,■ «utiT ,.l purihcation 
L niil yi ,u ,.Ki,t i ,>y ilu iril.es ,,i Aus ami Kha; 
>.I... liLan s l.uriLini; ri,: recenge.* 

Ka'bb. Malikansweredhim: 

[ hi Muslim,' :i,L- surr\ fiir Ibn Harb's army, 

When thase who wtrc sick of liieir pnnision ca 
Climhing up to thi- mp ol the muuntain. 

(!nlv with Ihc bolc of toiY.es, 3 

Bare of gold* and wealth and of 

The warriors of the vale and their spears.] 



aking for Ghatahm. This is the ...... „ 

ajd during the month of Safar, or nearly all of .., *, 
[edina without any hghting. There he remained 



: :.::, r;ni: ,jf a]-Sa\viq he 3tavcd in Medina 
ncar!\ all of it. Thcn he rakk-J \:.jj, 
i Amarr (566). He stayed in 



ril.-ll I:, ~,,'; 1 -.::,! 1,:: (juracsh .!:. lar as llahrn.t. a n: 
thcnciiJihoiirlii.oJol U-l-uru' ' Hc stayed there for th 
and then returned to Medina without hghting (567). 



Mcanwhilc therewaslhc atiair ;if thc Ii. Qayi 
TliL-ru 111 tluir market and addressed them 



;:'OJ,:w 



replied, 'O Muhammad, 



that He brought upon Quraysh and 
prophet who has been sent— 

; 1 1 , _ll \\L arc your pcople. Do 
ed a people with nt. knuwlcdge 

of them ; f;..r by Gnd ii ;vu light you, y;;u will li:,d 



' 1 li II 1- 1 II; tl.i I; '■ 

ima from Ibn 'Abbas told me that the latter said the following verscs 

,J :/:i: IilT,: :l :■:> 



'Say to those who disbelieve: you will L; ■.,;iii:u 
Hell, an evil rLstu I 1 1 1 il.ii m the two torces 

„1,. li i il ,11111 mtons at Badr and the Quraysh. 

'One force fought in the way of God; the other, disbelievers, thought they 
saw double their own force with their very eycs. God stretiglhens witli 
His help whom He will. Verily in that is an example for the discerning.' 1 

'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada said that the B. Qaynuq5' were the first of the 

Badr and Uhud (568), and the apostle besieged tlitan until rhey surrcndcred 5J 
uiicHiJiliuually. 'Abdulkh b. Ubayy b. Salul went to him when God 
had put thcm in his power and said, '0 Muhammad, dcal kindly with my 
dients' (now they were allies of Khazraj), but the apostlc put him off. 
I., , | ,t ,h . ,]J-, il i [ ... , ti.mi him, whereupon 

he thrust his hand into the collar of thc apostle's robe (569) ; the apostle 
was so angry that his face became almost black. He said, *Confound you, 
let me go.' He answered, 'No, by God, I will not lct you go until you deal 

laailci p',.,icLli J 1,1, irorn :ill n;lni: cr.cinies ; would you cut them down in 
onc morningr By God, I am a man who fears that circumstances may 
change.' The apostle said, 'You can have them (570).' 

My father Ishiq b. Yasar told me from 'Ubada b. al-Walid b. 'UbSda 
b. al-SSmit who saiJ: when thc B. Qaynuqa' fought thc apnsllc 'Ahdullal; 
b. Ubayy espouscd ihc-ircaus, ai„! ,L.J, ikIlJ ilicia. :nj 'Ubjda b. al-Siimit, 
who was one of ttie B. *Auf, who had the samc alliance with them as had 
'Abdullah, wcnt to the apostle and renounced all rcsponsibility for thcm 
in favour of God and the apostle, saying, 'O apostle of God, I take God 
aiiil Ilis apusllc u;J llu ]>ciiL\crs as in\ JYicnJs, anj I icnimilcc iny 
agreement and friendship with these unbciiecrrs.' Ciiccnunr/ him anj 
'Abdullah b. Ubayy, this passage from the chapterof the Table came down :' 



Tke Ufe of Muhammad 
fho believe, take not Jews and Christians as friends. They are 
ae of another. Wbo of you takes them as fricnds is one of them. 
niit »iini: iliv Linjust people. You can see those in whose heart 
ickness', i.e. 'Abdullah b. Ubayy when he said, 'I fear a change 
'Acting hastily in regard to them they say we fear that 
:hange of circum l i iin ta i Pcruhenture God will bring 
Him so tbat tliey will be sorry for their s ' 



364 



God 






id those who believe 









Go 1 * n ns bi 11 iii 1 il | 1 ihi vt:rc >vilh >ou], a.' 

words, 'Ycrily God and His aposlle arc your friends, and those who 

lmlii'vi:, ^ihi) prrlorni piaycr. givL- .ihns :mii Un: 11 liiiiiiLigu,' :iitii::i .niijt: 
1 Ku.j taklng God ai ' *" 
renouncing hi: 






ndship with the B. Qaynuq 
as friends, they ai 



,1S G.jd'3 



■.'hliSC wl 



(:;l.|s 



THE RAID OF ZAYD E. JJAHITHA TO AL-QAHADA 
The story of the foiay of Zayd who captured thc caravan of Quraysh, in 
which was Abu Sufyan b. Harb, when thc apostle sent him to al-Qarada, 
a watering-place in Najd, is as folbws: 

Qui.Tvsii \ll-iv niY.iul :o t.iiiuu. thc.ir i:.:. :; nniu- r.i Syria alter what had 
happened at Badr, so they went by the Iraq route. Some ot thi 1 11. hants 
went out, among whom was Abu Sufyan, carrying a great deal of silver 

theB. Bakrb.WailcalledFiiriit b.l . I hem by that route 

(571). The apostle duly sent Zayd, and he met them by that watering-place 
and captured the cai-j.viin ;iiid its , r.::li:]its, but tlie rocil got away. He 



After tbe Quraysh defeat at Badr the apostle had sent Zayd b. Haritha to 

i\liisii:::s ,.( Medina of God's victorv and of the polytheists who had been 
kilkd. 'Abdullah b. al-Mughith b. AbO Buida _-Zafari and 'Abdullah b. 
Abii Bakr b. Muhammad b. 'Amr b. Hazm and 'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada 



b. Sahl each gave me a part of the ft:llt.vi,ng 
10 was one of the Tayy' " ' 
.. .._ from the B. al-Nadir, wi 
said 'Is this true"' Did Muhammad actually kill these whom these two 
men mention? <i.e. Zayd and 'Abdullah b. Rawaha). These are the noblcs 
of the Arabs and kingly men ; by God, if Muhammad has slam these people 

I 11 1 th_i ahve." 

When the enemy of God became certain that the ni 
kft the town an ' 



b. 'Abdu Shams b. 'Abdu Miiuaf. Siic tonk. lliin iis : 
hospitably. He began to inveigh against llic .Lpostli- 
in whicli ln- bcwiiilcJ tht: (jiiniish who were throw 
having been slain at Badr. He said: 

Badr's mill ground out the blood of its people. 



:d him 



u shouid weep an 
1 1, -.,1 the people were skin round tiiv 
Don't think it strangc that the princes were left lying. 
How many noble handsome men, 
The retuge of the homeless werc slain, 
Liberal when thc stars gave no rain, 
Who bore othcrs' burdens, ruling and taking their du{ 
Some people whose anger pleases me say 
' K- b b. al-Ashraf is utterly dejccted'. 
Thri an: right. O that the earth when they wcre ktlle 
Had split asunder and engulted its pcople, 
That he who spread the report had b-en thrust thr0U| 
Oi- InrJ towering b__ and dcaf. 
I was told that all thc Banu'1-Mugiiiia w. 
Aai brcraghl k™ bj thf death nf A' 
And the two sons of Rabi'a with him, 
And Munabbih and the others did not : 

who were slain. 1 
I w_ told that al-Harith ibn Ilishiim 
Is dtiniE well niul gjtiierin» troups 
Tn visit Yathrib with armies, 
For only the noble, handsome man pn 
(573). 



'1-Hakim 



ivered him thus: 
Does Ka'b weep for him again aii 



ie Life of Muhammad 



■p !'Alika|. lb,- 

a |,up tbllowi 



■ 1. liitk lli 



God has tiiwn satisiactton to nur leadcr 
Am! put ii) shame and prostrated those who fought him. 
Thosc whosc hcarls iuti' tmii with kar 
Escaped and fled away (574). 
A Musliin ..oitiaii i:f I!. Muuml, a clan 0: ISali who ivm allicil att.ir 
ments of B. Umayya b. Zayd, called al-Ja',idira ansucicd Kn'b (575): 
This slave shows 



'.'...■ 






er the sli 



ry the eye that wi 






\nd may I.u.i.y h. Cihalib 1 
Would that those weltering i 

Clllll.l Ix: «.'«■ hv tllOSC l.hll 

They would kntiw foi ccilaii 
Hciw thcy v.CR dratiticil alon 


ia'b b. al-Ashraf answercd hci 


Drive off that fool of yoi 
From talk that has no se 
Do you taunt me becaus 

As long as I live I shall 
The merits of peoplc wh 
By my life Murayd used 



bul ii. 1.. tlny iv Ivloiiic asjackals. 
They ought to have their noses cut orT 
For insulting the two clans of Lu'ayy b. Ghalib. 
- -■— e in Murayd to Ja'd 






■11 Mcc, 



'. Then Ka*b returned to Meiiina ;u:d ctt: 
it Ummu'l-Fadl d. al-Harith, saying: 

Are you off without stnpping 111 ih.t' tallcy 

And leaving Ummu'l-Fadl in Mecca ? 

■: )ui Moaiil comc what she bought from th, 

Henna and hair dye. 

U lu.i liea 'twilt ankle and elbow is m mot 

Whru shc iries to stand and does not. 



She is one of B. 'Amir who bewitches thc heart, 
And if she wished she could cure my sickness. 
The glory of women and of a people is their father, 
A people held in honour true to their oath. 
Never did I see the sun rise at night till I saw her 
Display herself to us in the darkness of the night!) 

Then he composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the 
Musinn ...oiirii. Thc upustlc .s.iij — accortling to what 'Abdullah b. 
al-Mughith b. Abu Burcla told me— 'Who will rid me nf Ibnu'l-Ashraf ?' 
Muhammad b. Maslama, brother of the B. 'Abdu'1-Aslihal, saiil, "I v. iil 
deal with him for you, O apostle of God, I will kill him.' He said, 'Do so if 
you can.' So Muhammad b. Maslama returned and waited for three days 
without food or drinjc, apart from what was absolutely necessary. When 
the apostle was told of this he summoned him and asked him why he had 
given up eating and drinking. He replied that he had given hun an under- 
taking and he did not kno» w I n 1 1 I il u The apostle said, 
'AH that is incumbent upon you is that you should try,' He said, 'O apostle 
of God, we shall have to tell hes.' He answered, 'Say what you like, for S! 
you are free in the matter.' Thereupon he and Sslkan b. Salama b. Waqsh 
who was Abu Na'ila one of rhe B. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal, foster-brother of Ka'b, 
and 'Abbad b. Bishr b. Waqsh, and al-Harith b. Aus b. Mu'adh of the B. 
*Abdu'l-Ashhal and Abu 'Abs b. Jabr of the B. Haritha cnnspired together 
:my of God, Ka'b b. Ashraf, berore ' 



1. Hctal 



,. th cd p. 






asfondo: J I, 'O Ibn Ai 

you about 1 mstter which I want to tell you of and wish you to keep secret. ' 
'Very well,' he replied. He went on, 'The cnming of this man is a great 
trial to us. It has provoked the hostility of the Arabs, and they are all in 
leaguc against iis. The roads have become impassable so that our families 
are in want and priyation, and we and our families are in great distress.' 
Ka'b answered, 'By God, I kcpt telling you, O Ibn Salama, that the things 
I warned you of would happen.' Silkan said to him, 'l want you to sell us 
food and we will give you a pledge of security and you deal generously in 
the matter.' He replied, 'Will you give me your sons as a pledge?' He 
said, 'You want to insult us. I have friends who share my opinion and 
I want to bring them to you so that you may sell to them and act generously, 
and \vc wiil irnu yoti enoiitth '..caporis lor a good plcdgc,' Si!k;]n"s iihjnl 
was that he should not take alarm at the sight of wcapons when they 
brought them. Ka'b answered, 'Weapons are a good pledge.' Thereupon 
Silkan returned to his companions, told them what bad happened, and 
ordered them to take their arms. Then they went away and assembled with 
him and met the apostle (576). 



368 The Life of Muhammad 

Thaurb. Zayd fiv ', hbas told me the apostle walked 

with thmti as litr as BaqiVI-Gharqad. Then he sent them orT, saying, 'Go 
2 in God's nante; O GoJ hilp thctri." -io saying, hc returned to his house. 
Xow it was a moonlight ntght aml lhi:v ii:LinA>:ii ,:. Linti! lluy catiit: tn his 
castle, and Abu Na'rla callcd out to him. He had only recently married, 
and he jumped up in tlie bcdshc bold of the end of it 

and >::.ij, Yo.i arc at ww, and those who are at war do not go out at this 
hour.' Hc replieJ, 'lt is Atiii NaJla. llaj he found me sleeping hc would 
not have woken mc' She answered, 'By Gnd, I can fcel evi: iit his vr,ief.' 

with him. Then Abu Nahla said, 'WouIJ you like to walk with us to 
Shi'b al.'Ajuz, 50 that we can talk for the rest of tlte night ?"If you like,' 
he answered, so they went off w r alking together; and aher ;l tinsc Abii 
Na'ila ran his hand through his hair. Then he smelt his baii.l, and said, 
'I have never smelt a sccnt nncr than this.' They walked on farther and he 
did the same so that Ka'b suspected no evil. Thcn aflcr a space he dtd it 
l<i: thc ihitJ time, and cried, 'Smite the enemy of God!' So they smote 
him, and their swords clashcd over him with no effect. Muhammad b. 
Maslama said, 'I remcmbered my dagger when I saw that our swords were 
useless, and I seized it. Meanwhile the enemy of God had made such a 
noise that every fort around us was showing a light. I thrust tt inlo thc 
lower part of his body, then I bore down upon it until I reacbed lns 
;:;;ii;:h., niJ thc enemy of God fell to the ground. Ai-Hanth had been 

having struck him. We went away, passing by the B, Umayya b. Zayd 
and then the B. Qurayza and thcn BuSth until we went up the Harra of 
aKUrayd, 1 Our friend al-Harith had lagged bdiinJ, wcakeiied b< Inss of 
li i i.ii ', i - i i, u iil , i ic up, lollowing our 

ttacks. We caineil lum and brought him to the apostle at thc end of the 
niglit. Wc saluted him as he stood praying, and he came out to us, and we 
told him that we had killed God'5 enemy. He spat upon our comrade's 
wounds, and both he and we returned to our families. Our attack u| 



i-;,hIs. 






i« :::,Jl 



« ,'., Alclil 



Ma 



( .luhammad's ordcr whcn Iie scnt secret 
,'s brother to go to Ka'b. 
teguiled him and brought him down wi 
imud was trustworthy, bold (577). 






;i:.;.lii b. 'II, .ll.ii i:.,.-m.ioning the killing of Ka'b and 
i'l-Huqayq, said; 

What a fi'ne band you mct, Ibnu']-Huqayq, 

And you too, Ibnu'l-Ashraf, 

Bold as lions in their jungle lair 

Until they came to you in your quarter 

And made you taste dcath with their deadly swords 

Seeking cictcry tor tht: rdigion of their propher 

Countmg their lives and wealth as notlting (578). 



U HUWAYYISA 

The apostle said, 'Kill any Jew that falls into your power.' Thereupon 
Mubayyisa 1). Masud leapt upon Ibn Sunayna (579), a Jewish merehant 
with whom they had social and business relations, and killed him. Huway- 
yisa was not a M . iJur brother. When 

i to beat him, saying, 'You encmy 5" 

of God, did you kill him when much of the fat on your bclly comes from his 
wcalth ■' Murravyisa aiiswcretl, 'Had the one who ordered me to kill him 
ordered me to kill you I would have cut your head off.' He said that this 
was the beginning of Huwayyisa's acceptance of Islam. The other replied, 
'By Goj if Muhammad had ordered you to kill me would you have killed 
me? IIc sa;J, '"ics. h\ (iod, haj hc oruercj itie u, ciit off vour head I 
would have done so.' He exclain',L.-J fiy ;;,,,:. a njitrion which can bring 
you to this is marveIious!' and he became a Musllm. 

I was told this story by a client of B. Haritha from the daughter of 
Muhayyisa from Muhayyisa himself. 

Muhayyisa composed the folIowing lines on the subject: 

My mother's son blames me because If 

I would smite his nape with a sharp sv> 

A blade white as salt from poltshing. 

My downward stroke neve,- misses its matk. 

It would not plcase me to kill you Yoluntarily 

Though we owned all Arabia from north to south (580). 
Aiti-r h , 1 1 , j'1111 il 1 tl ,p . , I 1 thf iuii-nbs of 
latter Jnmada, Rajab, Sha'ban, and Ramadan (in Medina). Quraysh m: 



ordered to kill him 



37t> The Life of Muhammad 

Ihavepieced together thetblknM ...nle of Uhud, from 

what I was told by Muhammad b. Muslim al-Zuhri antl 
Yahya b. Jiibban and 'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada and Al-Husayn b. 
, | , >, i b. \1 i ' I irned traditionists, 

i n e „ [1 . otber, ir all <if them, is responsible for the following narratWe. 
Wlien the unbelieving Quraysh met disaster at Badr and the survivors 
returned to Mecca and Abu Sufyan b. l.larb had returned with 'ns citnnan, 
•Abdulhh b. Abu Rabi'a and 'liti -ntwan b. Umayya 

walked with the men whose fathers, sons, and brothers had been killed 
at Badr, and they spoke to Abu Sufyan and those who bad merchandise in 
that caravan, saying, 'M, ti ol Ouruish, Muhammad has wronged you and 
killed youi bt-sl iiitii, 50 help us with tlns moriey t<> iieht him, su thai tvt- 
may hope to get our revenge for those we have lost,' and they did so. 
i6 A learned person told me that it was concerning them that God sent 
down: 1 'Those who disbclieve spend their money to keep others from the 
. , a : id they will spend tt, then they will suffcr the loss of it, then 
they will bc ovef come, and those who disbelieve will be gatbei e,l lo 1 Ic II .' 
So Quraysh gathered together to nght the apostle when Abu Sufyan did 
this, and the owners of the caravan, with their black troops, and such of 
the tribes of Kinana as would obey them, and the people of the low country, 
Now Abu *Azza al-Jumahi had bcen spared by the aposlle at Badr because 
he was a paor man with a Urgc _ ■' n pi istmer, iinj 

said, 'I aro a poor man with a large family and great ncetl, as you kttow, 
so spare me,' and the apostle let him go. Safwan said to him, 'Now, Abu. 
'Azza, you are a poet so help us with your tongue and go forth with us.' 
He replied, 'Muhammad spared me and I do not want to go against him.' 
h , i I ii I <h n iiii Uf ,.)] [1 ( :i I ' i 1 1 l! i' 

if I return I will make you rich; and if you are killed f will treat your 

daughters as my own. What betalls mine, whetf 

befall yours.' So Abu 'Azza went thruugh the low 
Kinana and saying: 

Llsten, sons of 'Abdu Manat, the stea 



r 



untry calling the B. 



Tin- i.iit <>( Muhammad 371 

Those who are next-of-kin and those who are not, 
In the name of thc alliance ln thc midst of ihe holy ciiv, 
At the wall of the venerable Ka'ba. 
Jubayr b. Mut'im sumimn il n 11 li llnstjll I \\ ahshi 

who could throw a javelin as the Abyssinians do and sekloni misscd thc 
inark. Tle said, 'Gu torih tttlii tilc iirilty, anti i vu:l 1.11] Ihnn/.i Muliutn- S 
mad'suncle, in ri-.],.j. I 11 1 .. 1111. ,'1'u mii. i ' \diy, joushallbe frce.' 
So Ourajsh man.h 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 nnn, _nd their black 

trocps, rtnd their itdbtrciKs iroiii iln 31. Kĕ:t,Tn:i, .1111] the people of the 
lowland, and women in howdahs went with them to stir 11 1 1 _. I 

witl Hind il 11 l-.ru I I 1 t with Uram Hakim 

d. al-H_rifh b. Hishjrn h ,.l- \. 1 i .J .ir.i ; and al-Harith b. Hisham b. 
al-Mughlra went with Fatima d. al-Walid b. al-Mughira ; and Safwan went 
with Barza d. Mas' tid b. 'Amr b. 'Umayr the Thatjante who wns rlic motl-.er 
of 'Abdullah b. Safivan b. Iiniiti (581). 'Amr b. al-*As went with 
Rayta d. Munabbih b. al-HajjSj wlra was Umm 'Abdulkh b. 'Amr. 
Talha b. Abu '1'alhii wl:o imis 'Abdull.ih b. 'Ahdu'l-'i:zza b. 'Uthman b. 
*Abdu't-D_r went with SulSfa d. Sa*d b. Shiilmytl aI-Ans.;rIva who was 
mother of the sons of Talha, Musah', al-Julas and Kilab ; they wcre killed 
with their father tiial tl.iv. Khunas tl Mtllik li. al-Mudiin-ib, one of thc 
women of the B. Malikb.Hisl wcnt with hcr sor. Abu Azlz b. 'Umayr. She 
wasthcmothr.nf \lits' hl. c.ayr 'Amr.i d. *Alqama, oneofthewomcn 
of the B. al-Harith b. 'Aluhi Mauat b. Kinaiiu :ivn: i,ut. Whenever Hind 
passcd U'ahsh! nr-ite p.issed b) her, she ituiihl -.:iv. 'Come on, you father 
otllili 1 1 11 11 11 I 1 urs W.hshi had the title of 

Ahu Dasma. Thcy wcnt forward until thcy haltcd at 'Aynavn „n a hlll in 
the v__ley of al-Sahkha ,,l (.aiiitl by lli, sitlĕ of the wadi opposite Medina.' 

"' e apostle heard about thcm, and the Muslims hatl <:n<:niipv..l. hc , : .t 






... . thatlhad 

thinsl my liantl iiiin a slrtniL; tn.it of mail and I interpreted that to mean 
Mcdina(;S2l. Il'vtn tlnnt itwcll tn st.ipn '1 

theyhaveencampcil, 1'or if thc> hiilr thcy will ii.tt e hnllcd in a bad position 
and if thcy try to cntcr thc city, tve can riglit tbem thcrein, (tlu.it is a good 
plnn).'- 'Abdullah ii. Ili.iw h. S.tltil tisrced wiih the apostle in this, and 
thought that thcy should not go ont to iiglil tli.-in, aml lh<- ;,ptistlc himscll 
dislikcd ihe iih-.: 11!' lt.it -ing llic ciit, Sorne mcn «hnrit God honoured with 
martyrtlom at II, t„ ami titlnrs tthn t,crc ti„t prcscnt at Badr said, 'O 
apostle of &„d I 1 11 I il 11 1 1 thmkthatwearetoo 

cowardly and too weak to hght thcm.' 'Abdullah said, 'O apostle of God, 

1 I I r 1" n ""m"™ ng°" ths 



The Life of Mukammad 









stheycs 



bfi walls, and if they re 



ited to nght 



Jt into his house and pi 



Quraysh kept urging the apostle until he wi 
his armour. That was on the Friday when he had rmishcd ptaycrs. < >n 
that day one of the Ansar, Malik b. 'Amr one of the B. al-Najjar died, and 
the apostle praycd o-.r ':,im, ,.n.I 'hcn wcnt o.it lo fight. Meanwiulc the 
r [ c | i | ,r , i -hcy had persuaded 

the apostle against his will, whieh they had no nght to do, so that 
wcnt ont : ' thcm rln v lulrnii i, c. that .nid said that if he wi 
inside the city they would not oppose him. The apostle 
litttni. thit pi iplit ' I, i i„ t , i I i t h '11 
io he has fought,' so hc marched m * -■-■- 



■r.-.l 10 ivr 
said, 'It is 



ntilwl 






' 



d Lhud, Abdullahb. 
has obeyed them and 



Ubayy withdrew with a third of the men, saying, 'H 

disnhĕci-d illr. Wc ilo m:t klsou whr IV. shnul'1 - , - 

men.' So he returned with the waverers and loul - "I . '-'I "" 

and 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. rjaram, brother of the B. Salama, Mlowed thcm, 

' , : I"» - 1 .,ii. t-nli n -our people and 

v,i | , F ihcn the enemy is at hand.' They replied, 'If we knew that 

willbeabaule/ Sowhentheywithstoodhim.ini] r 1 , tl 

1 I < I r . ' I r< -dwillmakeHrs 

proohct independent of you.' Someone, not Ziyad,' from Muhammad b. 
,, | 7.ori sa.dthatonthatdaytheAnsarsaid/Oapostk.should 

we not ask help from our -ulira, thc Jews?' He said, 'We have no need of 

-'„,i. ' /'... ,. 1' 1 me that the apostle went his 

way until he passed through the harra r-f the B. Hantha and a horse 

, r ,1 jnd it caught the pommel of a sword so thal 

its sheath (584). The apostle, who liked auguries, though he did not 
obserre the Aight of birds, said to the owner of the sword, 'Sheath your 
sword, for I can see that swords wil! be drawn today.' 

Then the apostle asked his companions whether anyone could take them 
rcarthc Qnrai h hy a r. J - , 1 ' ."I r t 1 ' 

I , , [ ,r,iB Haritha h al-Harith, undcrtook to cio so, an<l lic took 
' im through the harra of B. Hantha aod their property unt.l he camc 01,! 
*- - of Mirba' b. Qay ? ! who was a blind ...an, .. :i-,ili.i..l 
Ihe approach of the b— -••- 



le territory oi 



gotup 



, 'Yriu , 



So God, but I won't kt you through my girdenl' I 









Tke Life of Muhatnmad 
oe else I would thro" 
him, and the apostle 
i of sight 



.r face 
Do not kill 



The people 



b. Zayd, brother of B. 
no before the apostle had forbidden this and 
hit him on the head with his bow so that he split it open. 

Thc apostle wcnt on until he came down the gorge of Uhud on the high 
ground of the wadi towards the mountain. He put his camels and army 

Ndw Quraysh had let their camels and horses loose to pasture in some crops 
which were in al-Samgha, a part of Qanat belonging to the Muslims. 
When the apostle had rorbidden them to fight one of the Ansar said, 'Are 
the crops of the B. Qayla to be grazed on without our striking a blow ?' 
The apostle drew up his troops For battle, about 700 men. He put over the 
archers 'Abdullah b. Jubayr brother of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf who was dis- 
tinguished that day by his white garments. There were 50 archers, and 
he said, 'Keep the cavalry away from us with your arrows and let them not 
* ur or against 



.,-iJ .,,.■, 






The apostle then p, 

Mus'ab b. 'Umayr, oromcr 01 , 

The Quraysh mustered theii 



s of mail and deli 



right?" 









b. Kharasha, brother of B. Sa'ida, got up t 
[M, 'Umar got up to take it, saying, 'I will takc it with its right,' but thc 
prophet turned away from him and brandished it a second time using 
the same words. Then al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam got up and he too was 
rejected, and the two of them were much mortiried. Then Abu Dujlna, 
&c,] He asked, 'What is its right, O Apostle of God?' He answered, 
'That you should smitc thc cnci ny v.nr, il i.r.ul i bends.' When he said 
that he would take it with its right he gave it him. Now Abu Duj.lna ivas 



s, people 1 



toright. 1 



For thc sakc oi God, <>f n!l the 1 .ord 
Who doth to all their food artord.] 
id he began to strut up and down between the lit 



374 The Lifi oj . I iiiliaimmui 

Ja'far b. 'Abdullah b. Aslam, client of 'Umar b. al-Khattjl >. ti.hl „. 
the authority of one of the Anaar of B. Salarua that the apostle said whe 









to hght yuu' ; bul they gatc liim a 



.'. fr<>. 



er.] 



u, for 



Kayli h. 



i 'Amir 'Abdu 'Amr b. 
, one of the E. Dubay'a who had separated 
ifF to Mecca alung with iitty yoiing mcn of 
al-Aus [T. among whom was Tthnian b, llimayl'] ll.ough some people 

say there were onlynTteen of them, was prrimisLi.g Uuraysri ihal !i hc rnct 
his pconlc rio l\vo nicn of them would exchange blows with him; and when 

562 black troops and the s!aves of the Meccans, and he cried out, 'O men of 
Aus, I am Abu 'Amir.' They replied, 'Then God destroy your sight, you 
impious rascal.' (In the pagan period he was called 'the monk' : the apcslle 
called him Ue impious*.) When he heard thc.r reply he said, 'Evil has 
befa!len my peopk since I left them.' Then he fought with ail his might, 

Abu Sufyan had said to the standardbearers of the B, 'Abdu'1-Dar, 
inciting them to battle, 'O Banu 'Abdu'1-Dar, you had charge of our rlag 
on the day of Badr uju saw what happened. Men are dependent on the 
rortunes of their nags. so either you inust guard our standard eHrciently 
or you must leave it to us and v. c ■ ivl ■■ u thi I ■ ■i'li!r(ofdefending)it.' 
They pondered over the matter and threatened him, saying, 'Atc wc to 
surrender our flag to you ? You will see tomorrow how wc shall act whcn 
battle is joined' and that was just what Ahu Sufyan wanted. When each 

were with her and took tambourines which they beat behind the men to 
incite them while Hind was saying: 



On pr 



Lcave anc 



1 "I 'A 



'!-I)ir, 



The Life of Muhammad 375 

Whenevcr he met one of the enemy he killed him. Now among the (« 

Th< -1 1 ' n 1 l 111 . thc other, and I prayed God that 

Hewould make thern meet, They did meet and exchangi:<l hlows, ami the 
polytheist struck at Abii I)uj5ua, 1. hc wardcd otl thc blmv witli his shield ; 
h r 1 \ 1 t 1 ithdraw it, and Abu 

Dujana struck him and killed him. Then I saw him as his sword hovered 
over the head of Hind d. Ttba. Then he turned rt aside from her, Al- 
Zubayr said, 'And I said, "'( .'»v best." ' 

Abti L>m jna said. I sav. a pcrson incitingthe encmy, shouting violeotIy, 
and I made for him, and when I Iifted my sword against him, he shricked, 

fclamza fought until he killed Arta b. 'Ahdu Shurahbil b. Hashim b. 

'AHn '.hiual h AhLii.i'l-l)lr«ii,>na.- ra.c of those who were carrying the 
standard. Then Siba' b. 'Abdu'l-Tzza al-Ghubshanr, who was known as 
Abu Niyar, passed by him, and Hamza said, 'Come here, you son of a 
hmaie ciri umciser.' Kow his mother was Umm Anmar, freedwuman of 
Shari .1 A. it 1 Wal.b al-1 haqafi (588), a female circumciser in Mecca. 
Whcr, il.ci ciosctl I lanr/a smote him and killed him. 
Wahshl, the slavc of Jubayr b. Mufim, said, 'By God, I was looking M S< 
1 I i>i,l ii, 



it seemed to miss his 
wouldhitthemark.ar 



tohimbetbre me,andHamzasaid, "Come hcre, 
tiser," and he struck him a blow so swiftly that 
. i poised my javelh mi.il I was sure that it 
nched it at him. It pierced the lowcr part of his 



wiih an 



and fell. I ieft him there 
nyjavelin. Then I 






1, for I had no business 



,e B. Naufal b. 'Abdu 



'Abdullah b. a!-Fad! b. 'Abbas b. Ribi'a b. al-Harlth 
Yasar from Ja'far b. 'Amr b. Umayya al-Damri told mj 
'Ubaydullah b. 'Adly b. al-Khiyir brother of t' " 
Manaf in the time of Mu'awiva b. Abu Sufyan anu we iiiaoe .1.1 ^allilsilmi 
withthcarmc . Whcuwecam. h ve pa d 1 I 11 1 ii Wahshi had 
taken uphisabode. When we arrived there Tktcjullah said lo ,v.e, ' Shil. 
wc go a.nl scc WahsM ane ask 1 how he killed I|amza?" "If you like," 
I said. So we went to inquire about him in Hims. Wlulc we were doing so 
a man said to us, "You will find him in the coLnrnr.i of lus hinisL. 11= is a 












B courtyard of his house upon a 



■' ''= L.VL,ll» I I- ■'.. f.J 



376 The Life af Muhammad 

carpet, an old man like a bugkath (589). He was quite sobcr and normal, 

We saluted him, an tt, 1 I I 1 . ... I ii.k u 'Ubaydullah, and said, 

camel, and she clasped you round your body wrth her twa hands. You 
kicked- iiit with your feet when I litted you up to her. By God, as soon as 
you stood in ftont of mc I recognized them." We satdownand told him 
that we had come to hear his account of how hc killed Hamza. He said, 
"I will tell you as I told the apostle when he asked me about it. I was a 
slave of Jubayr h. Mut'im, whose unck Tu'ayma b. 'Adiy had been. killed 
at Badr, and when Quraysh set out for Uhud, Jubayr told me that if I 
killed Hamaa, Muhammad's uncle, in revenge for his uncie, I should be 
free. So I went out with the army, a young Abyssinian, skilful like my 

it. When the nght began I went out to look carefully for Hamza, until I 
saw him in the midst of the army, like a great camel, slaying men with his 
sword, none being able to resist him, and by God, I was getting ready for 
him, making towards him and hiding myself behind trees or rocks sa that 
he might come near me, when suddenly Siba' got to him rir&t, and when 
Hamza saw him, he said, "Come here, you son of a female circumciser," 
and struck him a 1 sLUiiLd to miss his head. I poised 

my javelin until I was sure that it would hit the mark and launched it at 
him. It pierced the lowcr part of his body and came out betwecn his Iegs, 
and he began to stagger towards me. Then he collapsed, and I left him 
with the jave]in until he died; then I came back and recovered myjavelin, 
and returned to the camp and stayed there, for I had no mrther business, 
and my only object in killing him was that I might be freed. When I 
returncd to Mecca I was freed and Iived there until the apostle conquered 
Mecca, when I ned to al-Ta'if, and stayed there for some time. When the 
envoys ot Ta'if went out to the apostle to surrender, I was in an impasse 
and thought that ! would go to Syria or the Yaman, or any other country, 
and while I was in this anxiely a man said to me, "Good heavens, what is 
the matter ? He does not kill anyone who enters his religion and pronounces 
the skahada." On hearing this I went out of the town to the apostle at 

head, witnessing to the truth (.1 ' . 1 111 1 1 1 l\ hen he saw me he 

said, "Is it Wahshli" "Yes, O apostle of God," I said. He replied, "Sit 
56 down and tell m, ..;." So I told him as I have told 

ycu. When i ttitj liitislicj l,c vour face from me 

and nevcr let me see you again." So I used to avoid the apostle wherever 
he was so that he should not see me, until God took htm. 



The Life of Mukammad 377 

"When the Muslims wenl out against Musaylima, thc false prophet, lord 
of the Yamama, I accompanted them, and 1 took the javelin with which I 
j-,.i,l killcd l.ianun, and when the armies met I saw Musaylima standing 
with a sword in his hand, but I did nor recognize him. L made ready for 
him and so did one of the Ansar from the other side, both of us intending 
to kill him. I poised my javelin until 1 was sure that it would hit the mark, 
im l 1,1 I , I, 11 11 1 him, and the Anslrl rushed at him 

ai,,i «mote hirn with his sword, so yaurLord knows best which of us killed 
1,'n, 1' U 11 I 1 ,, thtn 1 haie kllled the best man atter the apostle and 
I have also killed the worst man." ' 

[When he came to Medina the men said '0 apostle, this is Wahshl' 10 S 
which he replied 'Let him alone for that one man should accept Islam is 
dearer to mc than tli ■' unbclicyers.'] 1 

'Abdullah b. aI-Fadl from Sulayrnan b. Yasir from 'Abdullah b. 'Umar 
b. al-Khattlb who was present at Yamama said, I heard someone shouting, 
'The blacit skve has killed him' (590). 

Mua'ab b. 'Umayr fought in the defence of the apostle until he was 
killed.' The one who kiUed him was Ibn Qami'a al-Laythi, who thought he 
was the apostle, so he returned to the Quraysh and said, 'I have killed 
Muhammad.' When Mus'ab was killed the apostle gave the standard to 
'AlT, and 'Ali and the Muslims fought on (591). 

Sa*d b. Abu Wa 
Abu'l-Aqlah fought and killed Musan' b. Talha and his brother al-Julas, 
Bhooting both of them with an arrow. Each came to his mother, Sulafa, 
and laid his head in her lap. She said, 'Who has hurt you, my son?' 
and he replied, '1 heard a man saying as he shot me, "I am Ibn AbG'1- 
Aqlah, take that!"' She swore an oath that if God ever let her get 
the head of 'Asim she would drink wine from it. It was 'Asim who had 
taken God to witness that he would never touch a polytheist or let one 



carrying the standard of 



'Uthman b. Abu Talha said that day as h E 
the polytheists: 

It is the duty of standardbearers 
To blood their spears until they are broken to picces. 
Hamza killed him. 

Hanzala b. Abii 'Amir, the washed onc, and Abu Sufyan met in t 
andwhcn Hin ili 1 1 rt > lu - 1 I 1 h d \ ul s 

ll-.il ShaT.b, saw that he had bcaten Abu Sufyan, and s, 
killed him. The apostle said, 'Your oompanion, 1 1 
by the anpl 'I I 1 ,1 i it 1 , „ 1 

wife was asked, she said that he had gone out to battle when he h( 
cry while in a state of ritual impurity (592). 



The Life nt 

rt his killing Hansdar 

I protect myfrienc! jiul iiiysc-if 



Frora early morn tiil set of sun; 

I fought them and cried, 'On, Ghalib!' 

1 bcat them from me with firm strength ; 



: weary of 






Weep for thy father an 

Thetr fate deserves thv tears ; 

My rormer sorrow is rclieved 

"iccaiK, 1 killcd the best men of Najjar, 

A,:i: i i. >l , :::■:-: nobk BtaOii 

Who was not cowardly in war. 

Had f not slaked my vengeance on them, 

My heart had hecn seared and scarred. 

Thcy retired their (Mcccan) vagabonds dead' 

Thrust through, blceding, prostrate. 1 

Those not their equals in blood smotc them 

And those who were beneath them in rank (503),' 




Had you se 



they did at Badr's pool 

urned with fear in your heart as long 33 

: been killed and I should have causcd 



Wceping women to weep ior you, 

And you would not have feit sorrow for the ] 

I paid them back in kind for Badr 

On a spirited galloping prancing horse {595). 

Then God se 

■omise The; slc 



n His help to the Muslims an 

cmy u-iii, :j:l Siword until they cu 



Yahya b. 'Abbad b. 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr from his father from 'Ab- 51 
dullali b. al-Zubyr from Zubayr said : I found myself lcoking at the anklets 
of Hind d. 'Utba and hcr companions, tucking np their garments as they 
fled. There was nothing at all to prevcnt anyone seizing- them when the 
archcrs turned aside to the camp when the enemy had been cut off from it 
(T. making for the spoil). Thus they opened our rear to the cavalry and 
we were attacked from behind. Someone called out 'Ha, Muhammad has 
been killed.' We turned back and the enemy turned back on us after we 
had kilied tlie staridardbearers so that none of the enemycould come near 
it (506). 

A traditionist told me that the standard lay on the ground until 'Amra 
thc Harithitc cl. 'Ah|uma took it up and raised it aloft for Quraysh so that 
tlic; gatlicred round it. It had been with Su'5b, a slave of B. Abu Talha, 
an Abyssinian. I!e was the last of them to take it. He fought until his 
hands ucrc yut orr; thei: l,e knelt upon it and held the flag between hia 
brtast and throat until he was killed over it, saying the while 'O God, have 
I done my duty?" He could not pronounce the dhal. 

Hassan b. Thabit said about that: 

You boasted of your flag, the worst (ground for) boasting 
Is a Hag handcd ovcr to Su*ab. 
You have made a alave your boast, 



You supposed (and only a 


looi 3 


thinks, 


For it is anything but the 


truth) 




Tliat (iglitirg us the day v 






Was like your sciling red leather 


sacks in Mccca. 


ll tlmlclcncc! the eye to sec his hands rcddened, 


Though they were not red 


Idencc 


i>; cl;c: (.,,,,7). 



With strongly marked eyebrows. 
U e atiac.v.d -.hcm thrusting, slaying, chastising, 
Driving them before us with blows on cwry siJc. 
Had not the Hirithite woman seiaed their standard 
They would have been sold in the markets like chattels. 
The Muslims were put to tlight and thc encmy slew maiij nf them. It 
v ,- .. J i% i.t ■ i 1 i,J !i sti. g ii. ■ I ( i I I „cj . . ,. I vi , uait . 

dom, until the enemy got at the apostle who was hit with a stone so that 
he fellonhisside at, 1 ..n ,t', .t . i ! M . ,-..' i I i 

lip injured. The man who wounded him was 'Utba b. Abu Waq.;as. 

rlumayd al-Tawil told me from Anas b. Malik: The prophet's incisor 
was broken on the day of Uhud and his face was scored. The blood began 
to run down his face and he began to wipe it mraj , saying thc whBe, 'Hon 
ln j;ilo iLii- iM Wiestiunedthekimipriet^rtawitiibloodwhile 
he summoned them to their Lord ?' So God revealed conceming that: Tt 
is not your affair whether He relents towards thcm or punisiiLs iIiliii, fnr 
they are wrongdoers' 2 (59.8). 
2 Hassin b. Thabit said of 'Utba: 

When God recompenses a people for thcir deeds 

And the Rahmin punishes them 3 

May my Lord disgrace you, 'Utayba b. Milik, 

^ 1 1 I 1 k 11 1 rc } ou die. 

You stretched out your hand with evil intent against the prophet, 



According to wliat al-IJusjyi: b, Abdu'1-Rahman b. Amr b. Sa'd b. 
Muadhtold me 0:1 the authonty „: Mali.u.iJ h: 'Aim, wlicn thc cruiny 
hemmcd him in, thc aoostlt saiJ : '\1Iid wil sell his liia ibr us ?' and Ziyid b. 

ll-Saka:. vvi 1 t \i I 1 

b. al-.Sakan.) Thcy mught in dcfeticc nf thc upostle man after man, all 

1.1 „ I 111 I un i 1 ' nl ' "ul lnr 'Umira) was Ieft iighting unlil hc »:is 
disabled. At that point a numbcr of the Muslims retumed an d drovc tlie 









r,t(6co). 



The Ufe of Mukammad 



Abii Dujjiiii 111. 


,de his boc 


ly a shield for the 












r him, until then 


i were many stuck in tt. 




\hi V 1 | 1 








rle said, '] 


have 






-ows as he satd "Shoot, may m 


f father and my 






itil he would evei 










ithat".' 








'Asim b. 'Uma 




a said that the apostle wcnt 01 






isbowuntilthe 




itbroke. Qatada 






I kcpt 


. That day his 




iniured that it 


lay exposed 1 


apon his 1 


:hc.k. 


Uim told me th; 


!t the apostle restored it to 


its place with 


his hand 


anj it 



lahmin b. Rifi', brother of the B. 'Adiy b. al- 
iJaiiar told me that Anas b. al-Nadr, uncle of Anas b. Milik, came to 
■Umat b. al-KhaUah a.iJ Talha b 'l bsyjullal, v.ith men of the Muha- 
iiiMii a.Kl \iisir who wcrc dejected. He said, 'What makes you sit therc? 
I ,,,11, btenkilled.' He answered, 'Then what will 
vou Jo with l.tc hencemrth? Get up and die in the way that tl j tl 
has died.' Then he went towards the enemy and fought until he was 

S ' Ilurrtyd al-T.', , *W« &«nd «T™!* cuts W- _ a L nd 

thrusts) in Anas b. al-Nadr that day ar 



Thelit 



.11 by the t 






v..i- K.i b 1 . IM.lhk, according to what 
gn!zed his eyes glcaming from beneath 



al-Zuhri told me. Ka'b 

his hclmet, and I called out at the top ot my vo.ce 1 jkc ue». 1, ,». 1-—- 

lims, this is tlu apostle of Gnd," but the apostle signed to me to besilent. 

V , I 'I ,, ,. 1-. .1 | Ml ool 

rden. llc wtis accompanied by Abii Bakr, 'Umar, 'All, Talha, al-Zubayr, 

and al-Harith b. al-Simma and others. When the apostle chmbed up the 

glen Ubayy b. Khalaf overtook 






ptopk- -a,J -ihall i.nc of us go for him?' 
T , ,1 , I I. 1,., 1 . r , ,l .. 11. to.ikalanc 

fmm ,,1-llnilth. (I l,avL bcen told that some people say thal when thc 
he shook himself free from us so that we flew otT 
fl v olf a camcl's hack ubi.i it shakesnscll |f,o=).) 
ming to face h.m, he thrust him in the ncck so that hc swjynl 
,„ , II , , , h.s horse (603). Now Ubayy, according to what Sjl.h n 
[1 v |, | II II i ., 1 ill 

,,, „ , ,,, , .„„, „ v ,],, , 1 Ihavegotahorsecalled Aud 

II III 

I am riding it ' The apostle answered, 'No, 1 shall kill you, :f ( loj w.lls.' 
Now when he retumed to Ouraysh he had a slight scratch on h.s ^neck, 
which did not even bleed. He said, 'By God! Muhammad has hlledme. 
They answered, 'By Godl You have lost heart. You are not hurt. He 



J82 The Life of Muhammad 

ans«<-mi. 'Hc said to me in Mccca rhat hc would kill nic, and. by C 
hc had spat on me hc would havc killed me.' The cnemy of God d 
Sarif as they were taking him back to Mecca. 
In reference to that l.Iassan b. Thabit said: 

Ubayy showed the disbeliel inherited from liis tather 

The day the apostle met him in battle. 

You came to him carrying a mouldering bone 

And threatened him, ignorant of hia ntrice. 

Banu'1-Najjar killed Umayya from among you 

When he called on 'Aqil for help. 

RabiYs two sons perished when thcy obeyed Ahu JaJil. 



Harith escaped when w 
Hassanb. Tlii! 






Who will givc a message from me to Ubayy ? 
You have been cast into the nethermost hcll ; 
Long have you pursued error, 
Sworn vows that you would win. 
Long have you indulgcd in such hopes, 
But unbelief leads to disappointment. 



When the apostle reaehed the mouth of the glen 'Ali came out and rjlled 
his shiekl with vatcr lYom aI-Mihras ; and hm-.iehl il ln tla- anosllc. ivln:i 
refuscd to dnnl- it ii n i il i 11 I I hun II uui he uscd 

tlit- iiaicr to wask i is he pmircd ll over his hcacl 

lu- sai.l: ■ I Iil ni-i. I- i.l (Jin.1 ii. Ilercr ig.iinst r -i uli- |.|, ■ 
His prophet.' 

S3h.li b Kaysan , ' . ,1 i i intwhngotit fromSa"db. Abu 

Waqqas that the iatter uscd to sa> : 'I wns nccci mcte eairer to kill anynnc 
thm I ■ im, knl rl il \ \\ i | 1 I , i ,,:, ,, hir t r 

and hatcd among his peoplc. It was enough for me (to hate him) that the' 
apostle shi.uM si-y. "Tht- wrath of God k rierce against him who blooded 
thc face oi His prophet",' 

While the apostle was in the glen with a number of his 
suddcnly a troop of Quraysh came up the mountain (605). The apostle 
said, 'O God, it is not ntting that they should be above us,' 



The Life of Muhmnmad 
aigrants fought until they dro\ 



them down the 



- 



heavy by reason of his age, ai 

so when he tried to get up he could not do so. Talha b. 'Ubayduilah Sl 

suuattĕd heneath him aud lifted him up until he scttled caniibrtablyupon it. 

Ynh yf. B, ' U.bad b. 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr from his father from 'Abdul- 
lah b. al-Zubayr from al-Zubayr said : 'That day 1 heard the apostle saying 
"Talha earned paradise when he did what he did for the apostle (606).'" 

1 11 11 11 > Iiii h 1 1 I 11 H 1 1 1 1 1 , , , , 1 1, 1 

2S al-Munaqqa near al-A'was." 'Asim h. 'Umar b. Qatada from Mahmud 
b. Lahid told me that when the apostle went out to Uhud Husayl b. jabir, 
who was al-Yaman Abu Hndhayfa b. al-Yaman, and Thahitb. \Vaqsh 
were sent up into the forts with the women and children. They were both 
old men and one said to the other, 'What are you waiting for, conround 
you? Neither of us will live much longer.* We are certain to die today or 
tomorrow, so let us take our swords and join the apostle. Perhaps God will 
grant us martyrdom with him.' So they took their swords and sallied out 
tinrjj li -i minglcd with the army. Ko one knew anything about them. 

- -: :ivih,-M,,>i,:5,,f;hc Miis- 

i I him without recogniiing him. Hudhayfa said, 'It is my 

father.' They said, 'Ey God, we did not know him,' and they spoke the 
truth. Hudhayfa said,'MayGod rargnc v« (!',,, 
ate.' The apostle wanted tn pay his bl I , „ hnt Hudhayfa gave it 
as alms to the Muslims and that increased his favour with the apostle. 

'Asim also told me that a man called Hatib b. Umayya b. Rari', who had S7 
a son called Y»2id, was grievously wounded at Uhud and was brought to 
his people's settlement at the point of death. His kinsmen gathered round 
and the mcn and women began to say to him, 'Good ncws ,.l ilu. garden 
(of paradise), O son of Hatib.' Now Hatib was an old man who had Iived 
long in the heathen period and his hypocrisy appeared then, for he said, 
Wh<u P I 1 ,1 ,, „ , ot 1 ji ', 1 , r 11 ' B> G >J > .1 

have robbed this man of his Iife by your deecption (and brought great 

'Asim told me: 'There was a man amDng us, a stranger of unknown 
origin called Quzm3n. The apostle uscd to say when he was mentioned, 
"Iiclx-lor, K stothepeopleofhell On the da> of Uhud hc t J 1,1' 
and killcd seven or c.ght polytheists single-handed, he being a stout 
warrior, He was disabled by wounds and carried to the quarter of B. 
Zafar. Thc Muslims began to say to him, "You havc done gallantly, Quz- 
*■- ~'good cheer'" "Whyshould I," he said, "I oniy rbught for the 
ot have fought." And when 



honour of my people ; but for th 



I , , t ,1 tthcntheapostle 

wus tnld .,1 this hc said "1 lvstitv that I .,t„ truly God's tiposik").'' 

Among those killed at Uhud was (T, thc Jtw) Mukhayriq who m onc 
of thc B. Trialaba b. a[-Fityfm, On tl,:,l dav he addrcsscd the Jews saying: 
' v ',,i kt„>:v ilutt it isyour duty to help Muhaminad,' and wiien tliL-y ::pi,vj 
that it wastilit .Sahblltl) day, lit: satd, 'Ytiu v.lll havc Jlti Sa!ib:itl:.' and takji;::: 
his sword and accoutrements, he said that if he \\as slam hi J , t 
to go to Muhammad, who could deal with it as he liked. Then he joincd 
the apostle and tout,l lti him ,, I h. js killed. I have heard that the 
apostk said, 'Mukhaytiq is the best of the Jews.' 

9 Al-l.lirith b. Suwayd b. Samit was a hypocrite. Hc wcnt ottt «t;, the 
Muslims to Uhud, and wheo the armks mct he attacked al-Mujadhdhar b. 
DhiySd al-ilaiawi attd Qays b. Zayd, one of the B. Pubay'a, n-ul kilk-d 
them. Then he joined the Quraysh in Mecca. Now the apostle, as thcy 
say, had ordered 'Umar to kill him if he got the better of him, but he 
escaped him and was in Mecca. Then he sent to his brother al-Juks tksir- 
ing forgiveness so that he mtght return to his people, and God sent down 

God guide a people who have disbeliev 

they huvc testifetl that thc apostle is true ana proots nave Deen given to 

them. God will not guide an evil people" to thc cnd nt the ■ (< , 

Mu'adh b. *Afra' had killed Suwayd b. al-Samit treacherously in some 
other battle. He shot him with an arrow and killed him befare the day of 
Bu'ath.> 

Al-Husayn b. 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. 'Amr b. Sa'd b. Muadh from Abu 

say:'Tellmeabout a man who entered paradise ne\ er ha ingj r> 1 in s 

10 life,'and whentlu - thev asked him whoit was and he 
said, 'Usayrim of the B. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal, 'Amr b. Thabit b, Waqsh.' Al- 
l.tusayn asked .Mabmiid b. Asaii n hat wcre thc fncts of Usaytim, anil itu 
replied that in spitl ■ ' 1 1 sed to aceept Islam, but on the 
day that the apostle marched out to Uhud he accepted it. He took his 
sword, plunged into the heart of the battle, and fought uiitil l:e >vas i,vlt- 
ome by wiiunds. WhiktheB. ' Abdu'l- Ashhal were looking for their dead 
in thc battle suddenly they came upon him and marvelled that he should 
be there when thc\ hadlett himsh i ig his dislike ter Islam. They asked 



bei;ef, and after that 







Tke Uje 


■>f Muhamm, 


i,l 


385 


: bad hro 




m, whethi 








ids Islan 


:" 11, ' 


replied that it was the 








me a Mus 






: t'r>Ui;h* 






net the fa 




Soon afterwards he died in 


ds. WllCIl thcy 


mentione 




apostle he said, 'Yerily, he 



!ie people ± 

My 1'ather lshaq from shaykhs of the B. Salama told me that 'Amr b. 
al-Jamuh was a man wbo was very lame. Ht had ttiur lion-like soiis who 
were ptesent at tlu; apistk-'* iiiltks. On the day of Uhud they wantcd to 
dtlain liim, saying that God had excused him, He came to the apostle and 
told hini that his suns v..,: u-.l :;: swp ';i::u back and ptevent his joining the 
army, l Yl1 liy God, 1 hope to tread the hcavenly garden despite my lame- 
ness.' Theapo,tl L „(.,,,. I | : j;/„ 7 J is not incumbent 

on you;' and ti> his sons lic saitl, 'You need not prevent him; perhaps God 
will fa\inir bim wilh iuaityttlom,' so he went along witl, hn 1 and \>as 
killed at Uhud. 

According to whitt S.iitlj b. Kaysiai tolii me, Hind d. 'Utba and the 5 I 
women with her stopped 10 mutilate the apostk's dead companions. They 

and gave her ankh ,, I „1 u , , , , , , , \\ ,| , ( , ,, u , t 
Jtibayr b. M;il'im. She cut outI,Iamza's liver and chcwed it, but she was 
not able to swallow it and threw it away,' Then shc mounted a high rock 
and shrickcd at the top of her voice: 

We have paid you back for Badr 

And a war that foIIows a war is always violent. 

I could not bear the loss of 'Utba 

Nor my brotiier and his uncle and mv iirsi-bnjit. 

1 havc alaked 1,,;.. ■v,i:;l.„hv ,i,d luiliikd my vow. 

You, Wahshi, have assuagcd the burning in my brcast. 

I shall thank Wahshi as long as I live 

Until my bones rot in the grave. 



.1. Uth.ith: 



. 'Abbiid 



a]-:\l.:t,.i!ti„, 



Vn U l 



k:,:,Il ., 



... - only in disbeli, 

I ,1 , 1 I t n from Hashim, 

Everyone slashing with his sharp swotd: 
Hamza my lion and 'Ali my falcon. 
When Shayba and your fathcr planned to attack me 
They reddencd their breasts with blood. 



Hindd. 'Utbaalsosaid: 

I slaked my vcngeance on Hamza at Uhud. 

1 split his belly to get at his liver. 

This took from me what I had felt 

Of burning sorrow and exceeding pain. 

War will liit vou exceeding hard 

Coming upon you as lions advance. 
2 Salih b. Kaisan told me that he was told that 'Umar said to Hassan, 'O 
Ibn al-Furay'a (609), I wish you had heard what Hind said and seen her 
arrogance as she stood upon a rn. 

ing us of what she had donc to Ibmz„.' I lassari icjilied, 'I was looking at 
the lance as it fet!, while I was on tbe top of Fari"— meaning his fort— 'and 
I realized that it was not onc of the weapons of the Arabs. It seemed to me 
aa though it was directed at Hamza, but I was not stire. But redte me some 
of her verse: I will rid you of her.' So 'Umar quoted some of what she 
liissan said: 



The vile woman was insulent: her habits 
Seeing that disbeliel accompanied her ins 
AI-Hulays b. ZabbSn, brotherof the B. al-Harith 



arce (6.0). 
'Abdu Manat, who 
was then chief of the black troops, passed by Abu Sufyan as he was striking 
the side of Hamza's mouth with the point of his spear saying, 'Taste that, 
you rebel.' Hulays ciclaimed, '0 B. Kinana, is this the diief of Quraysh 
acting thus with his dead cDusin as you seei' He said, 'Confound you. 
Keep the matter quict, for it was a slip.' 

When Abu Sufy3n wanted to leave he went to the top of thc mountain 
and shouted loudly saying, ' You have done a fine work ; victory in war goes 
b> turns. Todav ir I tni-tl 1 I ufBadr). Showyoursuperior- 

ity, Hubal.' i,e.vindicate your rcligwn. The aposllc told Tmar to gct tip 
and answer him and say, 'God is most high and most glorious. We are not 
tHiial. Onr l[l3l1 are ir paradisc: yyui dt-aii in hcll.' At tliis aiisiycr Abii 
■3 Sutyiin said to 'Umar, 'Come here to mc' The apostle told him to go and 
sce what he ivas up to. Whcn hc came Abii Sulyan said, 'I adjure thee by 
God, *Umar, have we killed Muhammad?' 'By God, you have not, he is 
lislcning to what you a-e saying r.mv,' he replied. He said, 'I regard youas 
more truthful and teliable than Ibn Qami'a,' referring to the latter's claim 
that he had killed Muhammad {611). 

Then Abu Sulyan called out, 'There are some mutilated bmiies imong 
your dead. By God, .1 give» me DO b -:isfaction, and no anger. I neither 
prohibitcd nor ordered mutilation.' When Abil SutySn and his com- 
panions went away he called out, 'Your meeting-place is Badr next year.' 
The apostle told one of his companions to say, 'Yes, it is an appointment 



Then 



t 'Alt to follow the army and see what they w, 



The Life of Mukammad 387 

doing and what their intcntions were. If they were leading their horses 
and riding their camds they would be maktng for Meccit ; hut if ti.ey wcre 
riduig thc horsLs a 1 1 ,1 icj I 1 V ■_ 1 I11I111 

'By God,' said h. 11 1 I 11 1 1 I . , , them there. Then 

IwiUAghtthcm.' 'Alisaid [iiat ):, iiJi.med their tracksand saw what they 
weredoing. They were leading •' ■ . ir camds and going 

towards Mecca. (T. The apostle had said 'Whateyer they do, keep silent T 
about it until you come to me,' When I saw they had set out for Mecca I 
came back shouting. I could not hide thc fact as the apostle had ordcrcd 
ie because of my joy at sccing them going to Mccca and thus avoiding 



Medins 






wnat .nuiiainina.i [i jin.111 i:-i\anni:in b. Abu Sa'sa'ii al-Marini, brother 
otthc li. a[-Nai;ar t.ihl iur, 'Who «lll iiinl oui t'.,r ini- what has happcned to 

teered and found him lying wountled among thc slain, at the point of death. 
Hc tokl him that the apostle had ordcred him to see if he was alive or 

the apostle and say: "na 'J sn\s (11 yon May God reward you by us better 5' 
than he has rewarded any prophet by his people,' " and give your people a 
greeting from me and say "You have no excuse with God if aiiylhing has 
happened to your prophet while you can Hutter an eyelid,"' and straight- 
-iy hc died. He said: 'I came to the apostle and delivered his message' 



(«»)■ 






and his 1 



tut seeking Hamza and found him 
!lev with his belly ripped up and his liver missing, 
ut off. Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zul,= ir told nii 
that when he saw this the aposlle said: 'Wcre it not that SafFya would be 
miserable and it might bccome a custoro after mc' I would leave him as he 
is, so that his body might find its way into thc bellics of beasts and the 
crops of hirds. II" GihI riics mc lictnry uut Our.iysli in the future I will 
mutilate 3oofthcir ntci: ' \\ l.cn :hc Viislims saw the :ipostlc's grief anil 
anger against thosc who had thns tresrcd his uncle, ilicy said, 'By God, if 

Ai h hasi ■! 1 iiiniii.,,, ,inv"nc' (613). 

Burayda b. Sufyan b. Farwa al-Aslami from Muhammad b. Ka'b al- 
Qurazi, and a man I have no reason to suspect from Ibn 'Abbas told me S l 
that God scnt down conceming thc words of the apostle and his com- 
panions 'Tf yon piri 1 , ,1 i-iimi h is ,m h ■! i ii.ii punished. If you 
™Ji:i i tl ' 11 t F .,tient Endute thou patiently Thy 

ciKiutani.L 15 only in God. Grieve not for them, and be not in distress 
st what they plot.' ! So the apostle pardoned them and was patient atld 



^ 



Tke Lije of Muhammad 
rlumayd al-Taw 



al-llasan 



cnioiiiino on us almsr>iving and forbidding routilation.' 

One whom 1 do not sirspect from Miqsam, a client of 'Ab:l:.!L:h 1». al- 
Harith from Ibn 'Abbis, told me that the apostle ordered that Hamza 
srionkl be wrapped in a mantle; then he prayed over him and sa.d 'Allah 
Akbar' seven times. Then the dead were brought and placcd beside 
Hamza and he prayed over them all until he had prayed seienty-two 

According to what I have been told Safiya d. 'Abdti'1-Muttalib came 
forward to look at him, He was her full-brother and thc apostk- s..ul to her 
son, al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam, 'Go to meet her and take lier hark so ihat 
she does not see what has happened to her brother.' He said to hei . 
'Mother, thc apostle orders you to go back.' She said, 'Why? I have heard 
that my brothcr has been mutilated and that loi God's sakc ['!'. is a suiall 
thing]. He has fully teconciled us to what has happened. 1 will be calm 
and patlent if God v,ill.' Uku '•'ulacr returned to the prophet and 
, i 1 i i i I 1 1 i i i li i 1 i I i so she 1 I 

at Hamza and prayed over him and said, ' We belong to God and to God do 
wercturn," and s"hc asked God's i'or g iveiiess for him. Then the apostle 

r.. i. ! i ,i lu should be buried. The family of 'Ahdullab b. Jcihsh, who 
was the son of Umayma d. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib, Hamza bcing his inalcrnal 
uncle, and he having been mutilated in 



the sa 



giave v,iiliH:im 



ut I heard that story only from 






al-'Udhri, an ally of the B. Zuhra, told me th: 


the apostle 


looked down on the slain at Lhnd 'I tcstily e.i 




none wounded for God's sakc but God will ra 


e him on the 


day with his wounds bleeding, the colour th 


t of blood, t 


nuisk; !.«'. I',:c ilic onc whn l.as colk-cte.]' mos 


oftheQuran 


in frontof his companions ln tlic }>rave.' Tliey 


ere burying 



achcarJ ibii Ilurayra say: \iiii'!- 
or God's sake but God will raise 
him on the resurrection day witb his wounds blccding, tbe colnur tli.il of 
blood, the smell like musk.' 

My father Ishaq b. Yasar told me on the authority of sli::;. 

■ : ,,. be buried he said, 'Look 
out for *Amr b. al-Jamuh and 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. Haram ; thcy wcrc 
i vl 1.1 i k , r utt| ii , . . !l \\\ nMi i 

dug the canal and they were exhumcd tlicy wcrc ,.-< fi ve from rigor mortis 



The Life of Muhammad 389 

though buried but yesterday.) Then the apostle went back on his way 
Medina and there met bim Hamna d. Jahsh, so I have been told. As she 
et the army she was told of thc dcalh of hcr hrother 'Abdullab a.ul slic 

:ssforhim. Thenshe was told ol the deathot hcr 111:1 11 11 I ... 
rd uttered the same words. Then she was told of the death of her hus- 
ind Mus'ab b. 'Umayr and she shrirkct and wailcJ. Thc apostle said: 
*he woman's husb; wirb hcr, as you ran sei from 

:r self-control at the death of her brother »1 .incle ai.,1 hcr shrieking 



■d h> r 



: of the s 



id Zafar and he he 



over thedead. Thc aposlle' 
Usayd b. Hudayr ca 
Hakim b. Haklm 



j llic s, 






es nlled with te; 



t to the quarter, they ordered their women to 5! 

weep for the apostle's uncle. 

ad b. Hunayf from a man of the B. 'Abdu'1. 

door of his mosque he said *'Go home ; may God have mercy on you ; you 
havebeenai., uc" {614). 

Ab.l WaqqB| told me that the apostle passed by a woman of the B. Dinar 
whose husband, brother, and father had been killed at Uhud, and when 
she was told of thcir dcath sh> .1 1 ! 1 1 , L ned to the apostle, 

and when they replied that thanks to God be was safe, she asked that she 
mightseeb.ii l,u a. s-1 ',1 • , • 1 „ is r ,1 u ,1 > hei she said,'Every 

sense ofWa!l') (6-$. " " ' 

When the.apostle rejoined his family he handed his sword to his daughter 5! 
Patirna, saying, 'Wash the bk>t><! trtmi rhi^ ■.hiii;;hU:r, lor h> God it h;.b 
flerved me well today.' 'Ali also handed her his sword aml s;iicf s 'Tliis one 
too, wash tlic hlood trom it, for by God it hasserved me well today.' The 
apostle said, Tf you have fought well, Sahl b. IJunayf and Abu Dujana 
f<iught ivc!l \x-tth you' (616). 

The battle was fought on the sabbath in mid-Shaw-^al; 1 and on the 
morning of Sunday the ioth of the month the apostIe"s crier called to the 
men to e 1 \ 1 s 11 it j 1 1 mnmced thatnone should goout 

witii ua Linl^ss hv had bccn pt.^^nt at thc hattlc on tl-,i= pn-ct-iliiLu, d;iv. 
W.v b. ' \bdullahb, 'Amrb. Haramsaid, 'O apostieof God, «1 









^u.-jilt 












Tiic 


Lifc 


■- ■ ■ 








wth 

b. /, 




was pursuing th 
their losses had 

Thihit tYnin Al 


s 


sq that they might 
-Sa'ib, a freed slave 



b. Kharija b , 

i I r r r I n I I i 1 V i ll 

ttic .iposik: ; \\v ];_tvt: no kiast torideandareseverely woundcd.' ] liiiu:\ tr. 
we marched out with the apostle and since my wound was less severe, when 
he was enfeebled I put him on the beast for a time and we walked and rode 
turn and turn about ulltil we came up to where thc Muslims had halted.' 
The apostle wcnt as far as Hamra'u'1-Asad, about eight mdes from 
Medina (6r7). He stayed the Monday, Tuesday, and WeJnesJay, ar.J 

'Abdullah b. Abu Bakrtold mc that Ma'bad b. Abu Ma'bad al-KhusiTi 
passed by him. The Khuza'a, both their Muslims and pmlythasi.s, wero 
confidants of the aposde in Tihama, they having agreed that they would 
not conceal from him anything that happened there. Now at this time 
Ma'bad was a polytheist and he said, 'Muhammad, we urc Ji.-Ii-ismJ M 

God would preserveyouamongthem.' Thenhe wentout wlnl :. 

was in Hamra'u'1-Asad until he met Abu Sufyan and his men in al-Rauhi' 

whentheyhad detciruiriii :■:.,; 

Thcy said, 'We have killed the best of his companions, their leaders and 

their nobles. Shall we then go back before we have exterminated them ? 

Let us return to the survivors and make an end of them. 1 When Abir 

Suiyan saw Ma'bad he said, 'What is the news?' He replied, 'Muhammad 

has come out with his companions to pursue you with an army whose like 

I have never seen, burning with anger against you. Those who stayed 

beliind when you fought thcm l.a lincd nn i j sorry for what 

they did and are violently enraged against you. Kever have I seen anything 

o likeit.' He said, 'Confound you, what are you saying ?' He answered, 'By 
Gr>d, I do not think that you will move off before you see the torelocks of 
the cavalry,' He replied, 'But we have determined to attack them to 
:rir survivors.' He answered, 'But I would advise against 
that, W hnt l saw mduced me to utter some verses about them,' When he 
askcd what they were, he recited : 

My mount almost fell with fright at the clamour 
When the ground rlowed with troops of horse 
Hastening with noblc lion-lilce warriors 

9 Eager for the fray ; firm in the saddle ;' fully armed. 



The HJe of Muhammad 



I said, 'Alas for Ibn Harb when hc meets yo 
When the plain is surging with men.' 
I warn the people of the sanctuary plainly 
Every prrnlent arni sensible rnan among then 



:d back Abu Sufvan and his Mlowers. 
im 'Abdu'l-Qays passed him and he learned that they 
lina for provisions. He said, 'Will you tala ;i 
br me ? And I will load thcse camcis of yours tomorrow witll 

raisins in Ukaz, whcn you arrive there.' They agreed, and he said, "Then 

whcn yon corrte to him tell hi: 



' 






■d !.y th 



when he was in Hamra'u'1-Asad and told him of what Abu Sufyan had said 
aild he cxclaimed, 'God is our sutSciency, tl.e besl in whomto trust (618).' 

Ibn ShiliSb ;J-Zii!i.-T tr.hl :n, tliut w hen thc apostle came to Medina 5' 
'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul who had a place which he used to occupy 

:ng Tiie peoplc and would say, 'O people, this is God's apostle among you. 
Goti lias liniKinieii iiiii; c\a!rcj you by him, sd help him and strengthen 
him; listen to his commands iuiu 1 cin:y thcni.' Tli.in he used to sit dowr. 
until when he acted as he did on the day of Uhud and camc back with his 
men, he got up to do as he was wont and the Musllms took hold of his 
garments and said, 'Sit down, you enemy of God. You are not worthy of S! 
that, having behavcd as you did,' S, ne v,cnt nut sicnping over the necks 
of the men and saying, ' One would think I had said something dreadml in 
getting up to strengthen his case.' One of the Anslr met him at tlic Jnor 
of the mosque and asked him what was the matter. He said, 'I got up to 
strengthen his case when some of his companions leapl upon me and 
dragged me along with violencc. One would thir.k that 1 had said somc- 
thing dreadful.' He answered, 'Go back and let the apostle ask forgiveness 
foryou.' He saiJ, 'liy GoJ, ' Jn :iut uant hint to.' 

Tiu- rlay of l IiijJ r^as a U.ty <\i~ tri,J, cnlaruiTT, anj hi-art iTe;Tirlr;ii:: nri 
whicri (luj iciiLal :l:r !,fln v : is ari.l pnr rhc l,v:n;: : itrs mi trial. tliosc ulin 
prnirssctl I jirl- with their tunguc and hid unbelief in their hearts ; and a day 
in which God honourcd with martyrdom those w hom he willed. 



)ii Muhammad 'Abdu'1-Malik b. Hisham told us from Ziy5d b. 'Abdul- 
1 al-Bakka'! from Muhammad b. lshaq al-Muttalibi : There are aixty 



392 The Life of Muhammad 

verses in "The Family of Imran" which God sent down conccming the 
iaj i.t I !> id lnwhi I on oi what happened on that day 

and the blame of those who merited Hts rebuke. 

God said to His prophet : 'And when you went forth early from your 
family you assigncd to the believers positions for the Bghting, God hearing 
(aiid) knowing' (bitl). 'Hcaring' \vh.it you said; 'knowing' about what you 

'When two partiesof you thought they would fail,' i.e. of deserting; and 
the two parties were thc B SJ imb.1 Khairaj and the B. 

Hsntha b. al-.Xal.it of li-Aua, thl ' ■■■.■, 

And God was their friend,' i.e. God protected them from the 



cowardice they medita 
feebleness which ov 












) He thrus 
dfron 



LCH and feebleness and stuck to their prophet (6so). 

God said: 'Upon God Iet the belieycrs rely,' i.e. the believer who i 
Weak let him rely on Me and ask My help. I will help him in his affair an 
protect him unti! I bring him to his appointed time of life and ward off ev 
from him and strcngthen him in his purpose. 

'God helped you at Badr when you were contemptible, so fear God thi 
youmaybethanl 1 1 I i M tl i L i ly kindi 

'God helped you at Eadr' when your : 



inrt rc 



. 



-'-- )""'-' ' 



enough for you that ' 
" ? Nay, if 



d obey My co 



ne on you suddeiik yo 
angelsclcarlymarked,"' i.e. ifyouarestead- 
ld and they come on you reck- 
lessly l will rcmtorce you witn nve tnousand angels clearly marked (621). 
4 'God did this only as gonii nccs t'.ir you that your hearts might be at 
rest therein. Vktory comcs Dnly from God, the Mighty the Wise,' i.e. I 
munlioneil ibe annics ,,{ M,- iinycls nniy ns gtitj.l ncws fnr you and that 
your hearts might be at rest thercin, hecausc I kmu yoiir lycakness and 
liili.r. i-i-iiics .111I. Imiii Mi l.ccausc nf vi v smeirignty and power for the 
rcason that pcwcr and authority bclong to Mc, not to any one of my 



Then He ! 



hat He r 






isliii iii 



polytheists in a light in nhich He wili take v( 

tliri:i !).ic!i. in L-hagrin, i.e. that those who survive may retreat as frust 

:iji::tiv,>. ! .:■ ii :■ achi, ■(-,■,: n..lliiiii. tbat :liry licpcd tcj attain (622). 

Then Hc said 1 I 1 11 < 1 It is not \our 

v, hi-ihei Hf clii.iicrs H15 altitude to them or punishes them, for the 
cvil (1,1, rs ' ,...-. ynu havc no concemwith My judgcmentofMy slavese: 
in so far as I give you orders conceming them or 1 change towards 



deserved that for thci 
ful,' i.e. He 

' Then H £ 



.,( is my pr.-ragaticc 



10 believe, Take n 






ibling and quad- : 
ig,' l.e. Uo not (icvi>Li- .(i slii.r, ::, i'fi i 
youused to dcinir 1 1 . 1 II I 1 1 1 1 1 ii i 1 

itted to you in your religion. 'And fear God, haply you may be pros- 
~ ibey God, perhaps you r 






-, Ils rc 



■hich Hc t 



yotl desire. 'And fear the 

ulti. 1, i:a- cic ,isc who disbelieve in Me. 

Then He said: 'And obey God and the apostle, haply you wtll attain 
mercy' rcproaching those who disobcycd the apostle in the orders he gave 
them that day and at other times. Then He said; 'And vie with one 
another for forgiveness from your Lord and a garden as wide as the 
heavens and thc earth prepared for those who fear (God),' i.c, a dwclling 
for those who obey Mc and obey My apostle. 'Those who spend (their 
money) in ease and adversity and who control their wrath and are forgiving 
to mcn, for God loccs those who do well,' i.e. that is well doing and I Iove 
those who act thus, 'And those who when they act unseemly or wrong 
themselves, remembcr God and ask forgiveness for thcir sins— and who 

forgives sins but God ?— and have not persistcti it 1 J 

i.e, if they hnve acted irocnii"- "s by disobedicnce, 

they remember Gn:.!'s :'t( 1 t.rlared evil, and ask 

forgiveness, knowing that none can forgive sins but He. And have not 
persistcd 111 thi < « 1 ' "I ltavc not continued to disobey Me 

like those who associate others with Me in the extravagance of their dis- 
bclicf whilc they kncw that I have prohibited the worship of any but 
Myself. 'The rew-ard of such is forgiveness from their Lord and gardens 

for workers,' i.e. the reward of the obedtent. 

Thcn He mentioned the catastrophe which hefcll them and the mis- 
fortune which came upon them and the trial (of the faith) that was in them 
and His choice of martyrs from among them, and He said comforting them 
and tciline them of what thcy had donc and what Hc was about to do with 
thcm: 'lixainples have been madc before your time, so go thrmigli llic land 



,-st,„l,Mc(s,i 



to My ap 

as) 'Ad and Thamud and the people 
w 5aw what I did to them and to those 5 
learing to them purely for the reason 
ingeance was cut off from your enemy 



394 



The Life of Mukammad 
[ which I let tbem get the better of you to tei 



thereby to sboc. 

Then He said: 'This is a plain statement to men and guidance and 

1 ' ' H li l i ,i ib[;htanddiscip],ne 

'to those who fear,' i,e. to thnsr i unl know M> eoniti tnd- 

ment;'anddo hot v.a-. i'a nt or bc sad,' t.c. dti not become weak and despair 
at what has befallen you 'you being the superiors,' i.e. you ictll havc rhc 
vktory 'if you believe,' i.e. if you had belieted in what My prophet 
btuught from i\Ie. 'If you ha>c rccciied a shock llie (Meccan) arim 
received a shock hkcc.ise,' i.i wonnds IiLl ynujs. s'Ii.-hl- are davs nhicii 
snting tnen,' i.e. we change them among iul:i i'nr trial atul 
search; 'and that God may know those who believe and may choose 
martyrs ftom among you, and God Iovcs not wrongdoers,' i.c. to distiiiguish 
)i:tv,u:n hdiciers and hypocritcs and to honour somc of the 1'airlit'ui wilh 
martyrdom, 'And God loves not wtongdoers,' i.e. the hypocrites who pro- 
fess obedience with their tongues whiie their hearts are firm in dis- 
obedience ; 'and that God may try those who believe,' i.e. put to the test 
those who believe, so that He may purify them by the mismnunc ll Int h 
came upon them, and their constancy and certainty; 'and confound the 
disbehe\ers, ic 1 i i i i , , . | . . 

thatisnot in thcirii i- i III j-ji-l i. iciht ih. disMict' which the> 

Then He said: 'Or do you think that you will entcr the gardcn when 

(.;..! .1,,;::. u.it yet know those of you who are energetic and stcailitist ?' :.<; 
Do you think that yni. wili cnter riie pirden and reccive the honourof My 

inrtuiu -> that I ni' 1 i i.i I I i , .1 , I , | i, 

in what has befallcn v,n, ihr.iiiah '■.]..■;- Anci you used to wish' for martyr- 
dom when you were in the way of truth before you met your enemy. He 
,7 rneans lliose uho iirget! thc apostlc lo nikc them out aeainM thcir encmy 
bccausc tltey had n I i n n ul l I a lr betore that and 

longing for the martyrdom which thcy had estaped there. He said: <And 
you usctt to wish l..r .lcarh bi'1'orc you rnct u.' Ilc says: 'Now you have 
seen it with your eyesl' i.c. dcath by sivords rn thc hands nf mcn with 
nnthiilĔ !h:1v..:ci) you iuni ;ncm c hllc you lookcd on. Thtn Hc kcpt thcm 
back fr:nri ynu. 'And iMuhainuiLl.i is nnlllillt; bnl an apnstk': ap.jsllcs hscc 
[ijsst-tl away hciiitL lillll. « il! II 1).: tliat if hc tlies nr is killcd L.ill will lurn 
.ack ::n ynur hccls? I Ic llIiii :-;:; turna h.ick vn.l! ,t,.t haim God at all, aml 
God will rcward the thankful' in rcference to the mcn saying 'Muhammad 
1 i I I i I II l ii I brcaking jvj> trom rl r 

cncmy ".Yill ;t h. ,f h< ,!;< snr is killcii' ;«..: will go hack frnni ytmr rclittion 
dishcIicMTs as you imcc l,c,t niid absntlnn thc iiglil witli yiiur cn<my. snd 
•:;..<;':- hnok, .in.l Lthill Ili. :j-<..,het wi I haLckft behini! ;it'!iis lcliition with 
you and in your possession when hc has expkined to you what hc brought 



„1-1, i \VC V 



The Life of Muhammad 
that he would die and leave you ? 'And he w 
back from his religion 'will not harm God at 

li lli.- uk.ri and kingdom and sin-crcignry 
.< .: rhi rh.-.Lliil, i . : lu ise w ho obey Him a 



die but by God's | 

,3 ;l\<-<I lu-.c .chich !:;: v.;l: alhi 

tll give hii 



, „ ... I itl h. il ikl.i !n 

i having no dcstrc t<<: iivc itcvr t\ :■ «i I c;<l< 
tothing more and he has no 
: world ; and he who desires the reward of the next world 
Yw: lliI! v!lc Iiim what he has been promised logether with his reward of 
siistcii.irnc in this wovlil. That :s tbc rcwaril of llu- l hankful, i.e. the pious. 

Tlicn lls said: 'And with how many a prophct Iiacc rnyi-iails 1,< slain 

and they waated not faint at what befell them in the way of God and were 
not weak nor humiliated for God loyes the steadfast,' i.e. how many a 
prophct has death (in battk; :,. 

multitude, and they wased not faint at the loss of their prophet nor showed 
weakness towartls Thctr cmtnics an.i ;ll;c ni)t cuntiliaicd v\hcn thcy 
suffered in the hght for God and their religion. That is steadfastness and 

Lord, and our wasted effort in our affair; make our fect firm and gtve us 
tbc Licloiy t.)vcr a disbelieving peoplc' (623), i.c. say wiial thcy sai.1 and 
i. H:s forgiveness as they did, and 
practise your religion as they did, and be no renegades turning back on your 
heels ; and ask Him to make your feet ritm as they did ; and as!i I lis liclp 
tas they did against a disbelieving people. For all that they said actually 
happened and thcir prophct was killed, yet they did not do what you did. 
So God gave them the reward of tbia worlJ :>> vietnry imi thcir cneniy and 
a fine reward in the hereafter with what He had promised therein, for God 
loves those who do well, 

'0 you who believe, if you obey those who disbelieve they will turn you 
backonyour hcc!» i.nil vou v .1' icti 111 as Insers,' i.e. Irom yimr eiieiny. and 
will losc thts worid, antl thc ncxt. ':!tit God is your protcctor and Hc is the 



ed with Me tl 

Me and follow iV . . nu . 1 I n t I 1 , i tl, I sastcr which befetl 

you tbrough sins which you committed whcrcby ymi wcni aj;airisi My 
commandmcril :;■ .Jisobeyed the prophet. 'Godhtl- 



396 Tht Lift of Muhammad 

filled His promisc whcn you mured rhern hy His Ieave imlil yoti 1'ailcd and 
disagrccd about the order and were disobcdient after He had shown you 
wkat ymt were desiring. Some of you desired this world ancl son-.c tlc.-iieci 
the hereafter. Then He made you flee from them that He migbt try ) 011. 
Yet He forgave you, for God is full of kindness to the heliecers,' i.e. 1 
carried out My promisc to give you victory over your encmc when you 
rourcd riieni wrth tiic SMonl, i.e. killiug thi-ru hy Mv pcrmission and My 
giving inu power over them and keepingthem from you (624). Tntil you 

iailed i.e. iJescrletl and tiisairiccil .i.ltr.itl li 

My order, i.e. you abandoned the order of your prophet and what he had 
told you to dti, meaning the archers. \After Hc liad shown you what you 
>.'.cic ilt-sirincr. i.c. eictory aboiu which there was no doubt and thc flight 
of :he (Meccan) tirmy tnjiu H-.eir rciws and prtiperty, 'Some of you desired 
thia world,' i.e. those who desired thc spoil in this world and abandoncd 
ihcir oiiieis which carried thc reward of the hereafter; 'and some of you 
(leslicct thc Jicrc.iilcr, 1 t:. Thtjsc >vli,, tontjht for God's sake and did not 
transgress in going after what theyhad been forhiddcii itir a:. accitleiit ot 
this world out of desire for it, hoping for the fioe reward that is with God 
a hereafter ; i.e. those who fought for religion and did not transgress in going 
after what they had betn forbidden for an accident' of this world. 'To try 
you' for some of your sins. God pardoned the great sin in that He did not 
destroyyoufor haciii . | i 1 h - I .1 1 h 

to you. 'And thus God favours the believcrs.' Hc tmrtislic J stuiu .-.ms ;,i 
once in this worli! i.v way ■■: . m, but He did not 

exterminate all for the debt they owed Him because they surTercd for dis- 
obeying Him, out of merey torh >■:: 1. ..t; L h faith as they had. 

reproached them for running away from their prophet and 
' he callcd to them: 'When yc " 



p,.r;; 



oheed 









alling behtin: you, llc 1' 
you with grief for grief, that yuu might not be sad for what vou rtissetj antl 
l..r WTiitr betcl, yt.it.' i .-. i_, - i t I" aTTcr it i. f :iv thc kilbilg >>t sonic tii' vtit:r 
brethren and yi.n: . .-cytiit. und what yau felt when 

sonicoiic s.nti y.uir pruplicl iuut been kiJleti. 'rii.tr was wiat: i-imiji:;:! (i;cf 
lcir striet To yoi: sn tbat yoti i:tit'bt ntlT bc s;ld tivcl thc cietcjry yntt Itad 
missed ;ifrcr 11.11 hatl sccn liim witli vra: ov.11 cycs, nni 01 cr thc deatlr tif 
your brethren untii I gave you ease of that so 






.' God co 



ii tlicn, 



at thcir pronbei li; 



The Life of Muht 
ut God thoughts ol hcathen days, saying, Hi 



397 






lything to do with 
God. They hitlc in theiii- 
they do not reveal to thcc 1 hii sai, li uc had had anything 
te matter we should not havc bccn killcd here. Say: Had you 

pkces -where they were 10 lie. (This has happenej) llut God <x 

: what is in the breasts.' God sei 



the people who werc conhdent in Him and they slept unalraitl ; v litlc llic 
hypo nlcs 1 hi s thi i.l s ti 1 tl il 1 1 11 1 -it it <it>.I 

lliinights nl hculhcn days wcic afiaid of titath bccatisc thcy had no hope 
in the final result. God mentioned thcir rccriminations anti sorrou at iihat 
hefell thero. Then He said to His prophet, 'Say "Had you been in your 
houscB," 'yiiu would l»t have becn 111 lhis place in whieh God has made plain 
your secrct thoughls 'tln.sc ul.cst slanng has bcen written would havc 
gone forth to the places where they were to lic' to Bome other place whcre 
thcy wtiuld haic bccn slaiti w. llisi hc rniglit testwhatwas in their breasts 
'and prove what was in their hearts, for God knows what is in thc breasts,' 
i..-. what is in llnii hrcasis which thei uy to conceal from you is Jiot hidden 

Then He said: 'O you who believe, be not like those who (lisl.nlit ntl 
i ' ll r 1 r r 1 I I ll I 1 rt 1 i i, 

"Ha.l rl >. Lt 1 I 1 I lictl (iv beei illcd d 1 I 

maymat iltat sorrow in thcir licart 1 .. cslil nd causes dealh and 
God is a seer of wl-.it you tlu," ' i.c. hc not iike tlic hypocrites who h.-bitl 
their brcthren to war for God's sake and to travel through the land in 
obedience to God and His apostle and say whcn thcy dic ur arc killcd, 
'Had they obeyed us, they would not have died or been killed.' 'That God 
ntav in.tkc th.it sorrow in tiicir hcarl' because of their lack ot ccTtanity iij 
their jLord. 'God gives life and oauses dcalh,' i.(. tlnir carlbly stav is 
shortened or prolonged by His power as He wishes. Then God said: 'lf 
you arc siain iiir Goti's sakc ,.r dn . pacliiii Cniin ( lod and mcrcy are better 

ut nh.it il M 111. 1 .111 ih nu-ltl 1 hichthcy ho!d back from 

tlghlintr i;i fcar of death and battle because of what thcy have aiuassctl 
fromthesplentliiui >>l ih.s worlil, 11111 Jcsiring the hereafter. 'lfyoudieor 
' ay be, 'surely to God will you be irathercd,' i.c. 1.1 






l.hcw'. 



a p.uly nf you wluic anorljer patry ix 



t. Let hghting and the reward which Got! Iitiltls utit to ytiit iiaic uiore 
weirthi ttnii vou than that. 

Then he said : 'hwas by the mercyof God tliat thou wast lcmcnt tu thcm. 
Hads! tlitiit hcen stcrn and rough, they would havc dispcrscd and hccn 110 dt 
longer round thce,' i.c. they would havc lcft you. 'So forgive them,' i.e. 



398 ThehijeojM 

OYEilook thcir offence, 'and ask pardon for them and consult them about 
the matter, When thou art resolved put thy trust in God, for (.iod lin-es 
those v.h:: iriist.' Hc rcininticd Ilis proplic; nl I is liriieiiey to them, and 
1-is patieiicc with tbc:i: in thcir weakncss and theii- iack of patience had he 
treated thcm har I I II u | titin whcn there was laid upon 

them the duty of obecing ll-cir priiphet. Thcn Ik saul 'nt, ii,rj;ivc tticm,' 
:.c. overltiok thcn orTciicc 'and ask pardon' for their sins : the pcoplc ti1'faitii 
who did wrong, 'And consult them about the matter* to show them that 
you listcii tn thcm and ask their help, even if you are indepcndent of them, 
thereby making tlnn rcligion aeiecable to tbetn. 'And when thou art 
resolved' on a matter whieh has come from Mc and a matter of rcligian 
concerning nghtinj; ,imi i-neniy iihcn only that wil! bring you and them 
advantage, then do as you have been onlcred iii-.i-.it,.- itic ijtipiisition ot 
those who oppnse you and in agreement with those who agree with you, 
'And trustin Gnd,' i.c. pli-ase Him r.tther than men. 'God loves them that 
trust. If God helps you none can ocercome you; if He forsakes ynn, who 
thereafter can help you >' l.e. so that you do not leave My command for 
men, and forsakc tut-iJs nrtlers for Minc f)n Gnti, not on mcn kt 
believers trust. 

Then He said: 'It is not for any prophet to deceive. Whoso deceives 
willbring hisdeccit uith liiic m thc Otv of rcsurrection. Then every soul 
will be paid in full what it has earncd and they will not be wronged.' ft is 
not fora prophet to conceal from men what he has been ordcrcd to icseal 
either ont nt fcar or destre to please them. Whoso does tbat sstll brtnr; 11 
with him on the day of resurrection ; then he will be repaid w liat hc has 
earned not wronged nor defrauded, Ts onc who follows the pleasure of 

pleasure ?' by pleasing or displeasing men. He says, Is one who obeys Mc 
whose reward is the gardcn and the goodwill of God [ike one who has 

iric-n i it-tl Gt:sfs angcr aiiti :lt.senes His angcr, whose liiime is hcll and a 
miscrablc eudr Arc ihtt ttra e*amples the same? So know 'There are 
degrees with God and God 

603 what they itn in pnraLiise ti 

Then He said: 'God showed favour 10 the be!ievers whcn He sent 
among them an apostle from among themsehes who recited to them His 
verses and puriticd tticni and taught them thc book and wisdom, though 
bcforc tticy wcrc in ub ms error.' God favoured you, O pcople of thc 
faith, when Hc scnt among you ;;n apnsllc of your ovn. rcciting to vnu : lis 
verscs concerning what you did, and teaching ynti t;fiiiil rnd csil tliat yon 
rnighl knmi jiotnl and ir; rind tlic csi! ant! guaril 1 I 1. 1 r 
it, and tclling you of His plcasure with you when you obcycd Hnn ; that ;oti 
itiijlln lm,i- inncli from obcying Him and avoid the wrath procccding from 
tlisnbeilience that thcrcby you might escape His vengeance and oblain thc 
rcwarj ci IIis uardcu. , Tht:iij;h licnire ytiu sscir in tibvious error,' i.e. in 






ir brethren b 



,1, t „r 
lcthat oilllic J; 



is good nor asking pardon 






md taking pri 
ce and your oppositinn tt. 1vh.1t vou r 
ought that on vourselves. 'God is 
whar IIt-v,il!ssi.thHisservantsin 



an,l vnti hase lorgottenyoun 

able to do all things.' God is 

taking ccngcancc or pardottiiig, 'Ainl what Iictclt you on thc day thc twn 
armies met was h ■- ■ - 1 l'ciiiit:-'i kinns ihc bclicccrs.' 

What befell you when you and your enemy met was by Mv perrnission. 
That happened when you acted as you did after My help had come to you 
and f had fulfilled mypromisc |i, t.ccn bciiecers and 

hypocrites and to know those who were hypocritcs among you, i.e. to make 
plain what was in liit-111. 'Aml It ivas said to them, Come, light for God's 
jake or defend,' meaning 'Abdullah b. Ubayy and his companions who 
went back from thc apostlc when he went against his polytheistic enemies 
at Uhud and their words: 'If we knew that you were going to fight we 6< 
would go with you and would defend you; but we do not think llial thcre 
will be a fight.' ' So he showed what they were hiding within them. 

God said: 'Thcv wcrt ■ in .0 .1. I 1 1 'nth that day saying 

with their moutbs isit.tt was nnt in thi-lr hearts,' i.e. showing you faith 
which was not in thcir itiartK 'but l nd knows best about what they con- 
ceal,' i.e. what they hide, 'who said of their brcthrcn' who belonged to 
thcir lamilics >ii,l ni-tmlc who were killed in your company, 'Had they 
obeyed us they would not have heen killcd. Say: Then avert death from 
yoursciccs if you arc trtithtul,' i.c thcri; is no escapc from death, but ifyou 
are able to kecp deiti a na.c Inmi you tlicn do so. This was because they 
were hypocritical and lcft nghting for God's sake, eager to survive in this 

Then He said to His prophet to make the believers wish to iight and 
desirc battle: 'And do not think that those who wcrc killed fm God's sake 
arc itctttl, nav liicv are aliic nith their Lord being nounshcd, glad s.illt the 
bounty ihat Gnd lias broughl iheni a-,,1 rejoicinjj in those who have not 
yet joined them that they have nolhing to fear or grieve over,' i.e. Do not 
t! rl il 1 ,1 1 I I I i n u 1 t 

them to !ife again and they are with Me being nourished in the rest and 
bounty of the Garden, rejoicing in the bounty that God has brought them 
for their striving on His account, and happy about thosc who have not 
yet joined them, i.e. glad whcn those of their brethren join them on 
account of their effort in war that they will share with them in the rewaid 
that God has given them, Gad having removed from them fear and sorrow. 



;<■■- 



The Life oj Muhamnad 



g ln the favour and bounty of God and that C 
not waslc the wages of the believers' becausc they have seen the fi 
„1 ih, ;■.,-., niisi- and the great reward. 

Isma'il b. Umayya told me fron. Ahu'l-Zubayr trtim lhn 'Al.i 
apostle said whcn youi brethren were BJain »t Uhud, 'God has , 
spirits in the crops of green birds which comc down to the rive 
Gardcn; they eat of its fruits and come hume to where there at 
ij candlesticks in tlicr shadow oi thc lliiuiie; and when they expen 
gnodly drink and food and thcir beautilul resting-place they sa- 



ihshke lijtliling ii' 



:,cw nli.it God has done 
shi-h.k liiim war!' And Go 
m to Hisapiisilc these vcrsi 
Al-Harith b. aI-Fudayl told me from Mahmu 
, VI I 1 ii i .11 i t I i r i i 

irccit tcnt, thcir proyision trom the Gartlen co 



s'J v,i 



was asked about thcse vi 






; from 'Abdullah b. Miis'uii lli.n iu 
think', &c, and he said, We asked 
and we wcre told that when your brethren were slain at Uhud 
■ir spirits in the crops ol ui.i n h::ds which come down to the 
Garden and eat of its fruits and eomc home to where thcre are 
lesticks in the shadc of the throne and Go.l n.l cs or.e im.k .11 
thctn in > sat a\ i i is Mln i ou u h tlut 1 h ml 1 _i i n 
more?' And thcy sai, f > ir.it I onl, lliu, is uolhing beyond the Garden 
iuil I ,i i I J; . , is i i i \ ii< h < cttt whei: wc please ' After the 
.[ucstion h.is lieci. ptii thrcc liims thcy say tbc samc, iulding, 'citcept tlr.il 
v,v should like oui"spirits m icttim to ouv htnhcs and then return to the 
carth and hght for Thee until we are killed again.' 

One of our companions told me from "Abdullah h. Muhammuil h. 'Ai[il 
fn.ni J.ibir b. 'AbJulli.li: The apostle said to me, '1 will _i ' n .'■ ■■ ' 
ncws, Jlbir. Gud has restored to life your father wlio was killed ut l hud. 
Tlicn llc askcd liini ith.it hc y.nukl likc iiini ln do lur lum and he said 
that he would like to rcturn to the world antl figlvt for Him and be killed 

.6 ' ' An.r 1.. 'Ubayd told me from al-Hasan that the apostlc sworc tlii.t therc 
was no believer wlni liad p.trtcil fnim thc worltl anJ wantcd to rcluin lo n 
for a single hour c 



i.itii-.yr ,t 






id bc killcd a 



Then God said, 'Those who responded ta God and IIis npostlt: ;'-flcr 
haim hatl hch.llen thcm/ i.e. wounds. Thcy arc tl.i: heliccers i.h» « 
with thc iiniisllc on the morrow of Uhud toI.Iamra'u'1-Asad tn spue of ilie 
pamo£ their wouods, 'l'i:r tlmsc of tln-in v: ho cln wcll aml ittc [liotis ihcre is 



Letm 






Tkt UJc „j Muhammad 401 

Ecient for us and a nne one in whom to trust.' The 
:re a number of 'Abdu'I-Qays to whom Abu Sufyiin 
ju Sufyan and his company are ccriainly coming back 
thcv rcturncd with Cod's {jrace atid favour. Harm 
rd they followed God's pleasure and God is of great 
umed away their enemy so that they did not meet 
11 . 1 1 1 Sjtan put into their 

make men fear his adherents,' i.e. liightcn you by 
;. 'Butfearthemni:taiiii EearMe it vtni .tic hclictcts. 
V i.e, the hypo- 



inji.re fit.il C 






Those who buy iuliJ. Itty t-.ith laiili will 111 no wise mjure God: they will 

have a painftil t.ci : .vlv> liisbciictt- think thnt the 

respitc \\c t;itc thcnt -■ ccoij for them. We give them a respite only that 

is not God's purpose to leave the believers as you are till He shall separate 
the evil from the good,' i. e. the hypocrites. ' And it is not God's purpose to 
lct yiiti kittiw thc unsecn,' i.c. what He wills to try you with that you may 
take heed of what comes to you, 'But God chooses whom He will Df His 
messcngcrs,' i.e. He lets hi.n know thal 'So lnliccc io God and His 
messengers and if you helieve and are pious,' i.e. return and rcpent 'then 
you will have a grcal rcward.' 



The Muslims who wi 

Emigrants from (Juraysh: of the B. Hashim: Hamza whom Wahshi the 
s1ave of Jubavr b. Mut'im killed. Of B. Umayya b. 'Abdu Shams: 'Abdul- 
!ah b. Jahsh, an ally .rom B. Asad b. Khuzavma. Of B. 'Al,d„ri-Dlt: 
Mus'ab b. 'Umayr whom Ibn Qami"a al-Laythi killed. Of B. Makhjijm 
b. Ynt ( aza: Shammas b. 'Lthman. Total 4. 

Of the Ansar: of B. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal: 'Amr b. Mu'adh; al-Harith b. 
Anns b. H.Iti';' a.ul Tinsi l, h. Zii Id h. ai-Sakan (625); Salama b. Thabit b. 
Watjsh and 'Amt i,is brtilhct i'Asii-, ic Tni.ir h. tj.iitiil.i assertcd to mc 
that their fathcr Tiethit icns kiilc.i ttst day); and Rifa'a b. Waqsh; and 
Hus.iyl h. Jahir Abu Hudhayla who was al-Yamiin (tlic Mti.sllins kiiled him 

slayer); and Sityi ■ 111; and 'Abbld b. Sahl; and al- 

Harith b. Aus b. Mu'adh. Total 12. 

Of the men of Ritij :' Iyas b. Aus h. 'AtTk b. 'Amr b. 'Abdu'1-A'lam b. 



a'CM' b. Jusham b. 'AbduT-Ashhal 
idIJabibb.Yajidb.Taym. 3. 
" " B. Zafar: Yazld b. Hatib h. Un 
' \mr b. 'Auf of the subdivisi( 
h b. Qays b. Zayd; Hanaala b. 
). Ama, the m 






and 'Ubayd b. al-Tayyihan (626); 

,Zayd: Abti Suiyan 
b. Sayfi b. Nu'mHn 



al-Laythl killed (627). 2. 

Of B. 'Ubayd b. Zayd: Unays b. Qatada. 1. 

Of B. ThaTaba b. 'Amr b. 'Auf : Abu Hayya, brother to Sa'd b. Khay- 
thama by his mother (628); and 'Abdullah b. Jubayr b. al-Nu'man who 
commanded the archers. 2. 

Of B. al-Salm b. Imru'u!-Qays b. Malik b. al-Aus: Khaythama Ahu 
Sa'd b. Khaythama. I. 

Of their allics from B. al-'Ajlan: 'Abdullah b. Salama. I. 

Of B. Mu'awiya b. Malik: Subay' b. rlatib b. al-HSrith b. Qays b. 
Haysha (629), I, 

Of B. al-Najjar, of the clan of B. Sairad b. Malik b. Ghanm: 'Amr b. 
Qays and his son Qays {630); and Thabit b. 'Amr b. Zayd; and 'Amir b. 
Makhlad. 4. 

Of B. Mabdhul: Abu Hubayra b. al-Harith b. 'Aiqamii b. *Amr b. 
Thaqf b. Malik b. Mabdhul ; and ' Amr b. Mutarrif b. *Alqama b. ' Amr. 2. 

Of B. 'Amr b. Malik: Aus. b. Thabit b. al-Mundhir (631). I. 

Of B. 'Adiy b. al-Najjar: Anas h. al-NaJr b. Pamdam b. Zayd b. Haram 
b. Jundub b. 'Amir b. Ghanm b. 'Adly b- al-Najjar (632). 1. 

Of B. Mazin b. al-Najjar: Qays b. Mukhallad and Kaysan a slave of 

Of B. Dinar b. al-Najjar: Sulaym b. al-Hirith; and Nu'man b. 'Abdu 

Of B. al-Hjrith b. al-Khazraj: Kharija b. Zayd b. Abu Zuhayr; and 
Sa'd b. al-Rabi* b. 'Amr b. Abu Zuhayr who were buried in one grave ; and 
Aus b. al-Arqam b. Zavd b. Qays b. Nu'man b. Malik b. Tha'laba b. 
Ka'b. 3. 
609 Of B. al-Abjar, the B. Khudra : Malik b. SinSn b. 'Ubayd b. Tha'iaha b. 
'Ubayd b. al-Abjar the fathcr of Abu Sa'Id al-Khudri (633); and SaTd fa. 
Suwayd b. Qays b. 'Amir b. 'Abbad b. al-Abjar; snd 'Utba b. Rabi' b. 
Rari' b. Mu'awiya b. 'Ubayd b. Tha'laha h. 'Ubayd. 3. 

Of B. Sl*ida b. Ka'b b. al-Khazraj : Tha'laba b. Sa'd b. Mslik b. Khalid 
b. Tha'laba b. Haritha b. 'Amr b. al-Khairaj b. Sa'ida; and Thaqf b. 
F»rwab.al-Badl. 2. 

Of B. Tarif, t he familyof Sa'd b. 'UbSda: 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. Wahb b. 
Tha'laba b. Waqsh b. ThaTaba b. Tarif; and Pamra, an ally from B. 
Juhayna. 2. 

Of B. 'Auf b. al-Khazraj Df the clan of B. Salim of the subdivision of B. 
MSlik b. al-'Ajlan b. Zayd b. Ghanm b. Salim: Naufal b. 'Abdullah; 
'AbbSs b. 'Ubida b. Nadla b. Malik b. al-*Ajlan; Nu'man b. Malik b. 



The Life of Mukammad 403 

iba b. Fihr b. Ghanm b. SiSlim ; al-Mujadhclhar b. Dhiyad, an ally from 
and 'Ubada b. al-Hashas, the last three bcing buried ":n 
B. al-Hubli;:Rifa'ab. 'Amr. I. 
B. Salima of the clan of B. Haram : 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. Haram b, 

er; Khallad b. 'Amr b. al-Jamiih, &c; and Alu. V., : 
b. al-Jamiih. 4. 

1 I - 1 ' 1 1 I \ .f. Ka'b b al-Qaytv.' 3. 
B. Zurayq b. 'Amir: Dhakwan b. 'Abdu Qays; and 'Ubayd b. al- 
15 b. Laudhan (634), 2. 
total number of Muslims killed including both Emigrants and 
was6smen(6 35 ). 



Of the Quraysh from B. ' Abdu'1-Dir b. Qusayy who carricd the standard : 
Talha b. 'Abdulljl, ' ■ ■'. Tthmlln h. 'Abdu'1-DSr whom 

AllkilleJ .1 -:.'i,l \I u Talha whom bj'J h \bn\\ \ I 1 .], ! 

(6jf>); :nn! 'rthm.in b. Abu Talha whom Hamza killed; ;ii:: 
al-Julas sons of Talha whom 'Asim '.. Thlbii I.,. Ai„V]-Aqhh killcd ; and 
Kiliih ancl .il-II:Irith sc::i5 :>f TaTia ki!!c t i In Q,izm5n an ctlly nf B. Zafar 
((:;!-); ,111,1 Arrjh. 'AhJu MuriTbli b. Ilashim h. 'AbJu Mancif h. AbduT- 
Diir whom Hamia killed ; and Abu Zayd b. 'Umayr b. Hcishim, &c, whoni 
(..u^rn~r, ].,!,,:..■::■ - :: killedby Quzman 

(638) ; and al-Qisit b. Shurayh b. Hashim b. 'Abdu Manaf whom Quzman 6: 

OfB.Asadb. 
b. al-HSrithb.; 

Of B. Zuhra b. Kilcib: Abu'l-rfakam b. al-Akhnas b. Shariq b. *Amr b. 
Wahb al-Thaqafi, an ally of theirs whom 'Ali killcd ; and S ib I > , , 
'Uz2a— the latter's name was 'Amr b. NaJla b. Ghubshan b. Sallm b. 
Malakan b. Afs:, ,. hom Hamza kiUed, 2. 

il iI-W iliil I, al \ I II, 1,1,1, I |, 

: Lilled ; and Abii Umayya b. Abu Hudhayfa b. al-Mughira 
hom 'Ali killed ; and Khalid b. al-ATam an ally whom Quzman killed, 4. 
Of B. Jumah b. 'Amr: 'Amr b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umayr b. Wahb b. Hudhifa 
Jurnah who was Abu 'Azza v :■■■ . !„..,-, ., prls „ niT; 

' I bayy ':,. Khalaf h. Wahb b, Hudhjfa b. Jumah whom the apostle 



Of B. Makhzr.ni b. Yj.i. 



killed with his own hand. 

Of B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy; 'Ubayda b. Jabir; and Shayba b. Maiik 
Mudarnb both of whom were killed by Quzman (639). z. 

Thus God killed on the day of Uhud 22 polytheists. 



le following wrote erses on thc subject: 
Hubayra b. Abii Wahb b. 'Amr b. 'A'idh b. '} 
V>\: 

W\\\ J(h:k tlii- .-smiui „n„icty afflict me at 
Mv liiieiiirllindbeS-tbycares. 1 
Ilintl \ l i ' iii u. n 
While war has distractt 
Gently now, blame mc 






w 1 li:_ 



_. r „_j B. Ka'b as they demand 
Stnigglingwitr. the boideii 

I.nng nt pace, smooth in gait, keeping up wit 
..iiiiiiinK likc a ciiitl ass 1:1 ll-c dciser: which 
Puisucd hi huntcrs keens cilosc to the female 



;d by A'wi 
Like a branen 









Anc ,| 



et life's c 



This and a well-knit eoat nf mail like a w_vy pool 

Fastencd on me clear of biemishes. 

Wc brought Sjni ■ ■' yiiidci- nwn 

When Kinana asked where we were taking them 
We told them Medina;' sn they made for tt and its people. 
Wc werc the truc kmght» riri: dny ™ \ hudks slope. 
Ma'add wcre in terror so we said we would crim ro . n u.l 
They feared our 8t.n_.e_ anci thrnsts well miic and ctnting 
Whichtheyb.' " 






id of hail, 



The B. al-Najj_r's bird of death bemoaned thcm. 

ih-.i-bl.il i h li.rtli .r hkc ostrieh cggs 

Split open (by the chicks) arrd cast aside; 

Or a colocynth on a withered shoot 

Loosened bv the sweeping winds. 

We spend our wealth lavishly without rcckimii 



The Lift of M 

ni_::i v, iicn Lhehost warmshia handsin lliebcllc nt.i :4.:ru:i:u:r. 



Many „ nigbt ui' Juiiiada with irL-Li/ing 1 rain 
llinr I traicllcd thcough the winlrj coid. 
IS.lcuisl- of the frasts the dogs bark but onei 






. vi.d -v 



i do this i 



■ 

i ofthe„ti 



11:11 



the highest standard. 
h. Thiibit answered him: 

brought Kinana in your folly (to fight) the apostle, 
(_nd's cirmy wns (bound to) disgrace them. 

ight them to death's cisterns in broad daylight. 
:■ ■. ■ ■ ■ 



!.,/„., driL 



O leaders of inhdels whom the 
Why did you not learn from those thrown into Bad 
Slain by God's horsemen? 
Many a prisoner did we free without ransom, 
Many a captive's forelock did we, his masters, cut! 
Ka'b b. Milik also answered Hubayra: 
Ilarc: tihassait liL-clrJ cibinli us though 
Wide dcsert bn.l r.lin. ti __. I is um, u ,u , i t, 
Ocs.lts lUld ir.iur.UUits . n d. I. il -i,.. ; : n :■:. , :U:r:t 
J.ikc piilars .,i Jnsi JuuctJ Sicre and there. 
Strong camels there become fee__e, 
The yearly rains pass nvcr u lu iit.iic, . 
Titcn: iht skcictons nf exhausted ai mals 

i .u::s' linen ti.illL.I uiiii ii_.Liivs 
The wild oxen and gazelles walk in file 
And' ' 



:VCli. 




The Life o/ Mukammad 



:■..■..:,...■:■ 

Had other men been in that land of fear 

When a rider of ours came he said, 

'Prepare to meet the force Ibn Harb has collected.' 

Inmisfortunes that would di>, 



When they made their home in 'Ird 1 our leader said, 

1 Why do we plant grain if we do not protect it ?' 

Among ua was God's apostle whose command we obey. 

When he gives an order we do not examine it. 

The spirit 3 descends on him from his Lord 

Brought down from the midst of heaven and taken up again. 



The apostle said when they appeared, 

'Castoff the fear of death a. 

Be Uke one who sells his life 

To draw near to a King by Whom he wiU be restored to life. 

Take your swords and trust in God 

To Whom belongs the disposal of all things.' 

We made for them openly as they rode their camels 

Bearing swords and unalraid 

In a compact force with lances and spears ; 

When our steeds planted their feet they kept them firm. 

Their blacks in the centre some in armour some unprotected. 
They were three thousand while we were three hundred ĕlite 
Or four hundred at the most. 
The battle went to and iro while de 









Bows of lote wood eychanged 'present 
AU of them cut from Yathribl wood' 
And Meccan arrows made by Sa'id 









Sprinkled wi 



The Life o/ Muhammad 



Sometimes glancing off shields with a clang ; 

And horsemen in the plain looking like Iocusts 

Which the east wind brings, moving briskly in thc col. 

When we met them and the battle was Serce 

(For there is no defence against God's decree) 

We smote them until we left their leaders 

Lying in the hollow like faUen trees. 

From morn till eve until we recovered our strength 

Our zeal was like a fire burning aU in its path. 

They fled in haste hurrying away 

Like a cloud wisp that the wind robs of rain, 

We went on, our rearguard coming slowly, 

Like strong Uons seeking 1 meat in Bisha. 

We inmcted loss on you and you on us ; 

Perhaps we should have won, but what is with God is i 

The battle waged hot between us 

And all were made to get their fill of evil. 

We are men who see no blame in him who kills 

To guard and protect his protegees. 

: 

Our eyes weeping over a comrade slain ; 
Warriors who do what wi 



Norbt 

Warriors who eo 
Nor complain of war's scratci 
a flame whose heat mi 






Thost 






rdcff, 



nt me, Ibn al-^iba'™, 1 yet a party went after you 
Searching for you at nightfall. 

Ask about yourself in the summit of Ma'add and elsewhere 
Who is the lowest and most shamelul of men ? 
Whom did war leave shorn of glory, 
His face humiliated on the day of war? 
We attacked you with God's help and succour 
Our spearhcads directed at you. 
Our lances made gaping wounds among yDU 
Like the mouths of watenskins where the water gushes forth. 
We attacked the standard-bearers, and he who hastens to mentio. 

standard 
Is the first in giving praise, 3 



The Life of Muhammad 



And the blows of fate play wilh us ali.) 



For composing poetr 
IIow many skulls ra 
How many hands an 



tain slope did you see, 



Who had perished in the battle ? 
How many noble chiefs did we slay. 

Triily couragcous, noble, conspicuot 

" ' i ucsklmiis uht-n ihe spt^rs feh? 



Would that my elders in Ba 

The fear of Khazraj when tln 

When (war) rubbed its breast in Quba n 

And the slaughter wased hot among the 'Abdu'1-AshhaL 

Then they were nimble in Aight 

Like young ostriches running up a hill. 

We killed a double number of thcir nohlcs 

And adjusted the inequality of Badr. 

I do not blame myself, but 

e should have made a clean swcep of thcm 



Delive 



th Ind 









ir he would have admi 









Strengthenid by Gabriel's help who came down. 

\\'t coTHjucred .:. Il.-.di by piety, 

Obt)inii God imd bi ucvmg the apostles. 

W< tffled .il! their diiefs 

And we killed erery long-robed noble. 

We left in Quraysh a lasic-g soame that daj oi B, 

An example to bc talked of. 

While tlic apostle of God witnessed truly, 

Whilc thc shott tat people among Quraysll 

Got together by them were as 

Camels collccted in herbage and left shepherdless 



Ka'b rnourning Hamza and thc Muslim dead: 
You weep, but do you want one to stir you to tears? 
Yoii who are loat iri grief when yoo (auernbei thi m, 1 

Remembering a people of whom 
Bturics 'i r chi " ii this crooked age. b 
Your heart palpitates at the memory of them 
In lonuine and tearful sadness. 

i'c in lovely gardrns 



Honom 



ts and cr 



Hccsusc ihcy were steadrast beneath the ilag 

Tlit Eag "I the «postle in Dhu''-Ailv.:il,' 

Tli, murning whcn tiie II. Aus nnd Khay.rjj 

And Ahmad's Bupporters followed the truth 



4i° The Life o/ Muhammed 

The light-giving straight way. 
They continually smote the wamors 
As they passed through the clouds of dust 
Till at iast the King summoned them 
To a garden with thick trees at its entrance. 
AII of them proved pure in the trial, 
, s K lii (:txl's religion 
Like Hamza when he proved his loyalty 
With a sharp well-whetted sword. 
The sfcve of the B. Naufal roet him 
Muttering like a huge black camel 

That burrts in a blazing fire. 
And Nu'man fulfflled his promise 
And the good Hanzala turned nDt from the truth 
Until his spirit passed 
To a mansion resplendent in gold. 
Such are (true men) not those of your company 
Who lie in nethermost heli with no escape. 
Pirar b, al-Khattab al-Fihri answered him: 
Does Ka'b grieve over his ttllowere 

Crying like an old camel who sees his companions 
Returning at even while he is kept back? 
The water camels pass on and leave him 
Grumbling of ill-treatment while he is not even saddled fi 
Say to Ka'b, 'Let him double his weeping 
And let him suffer pain therefrom; 
For the death of his brothera when the cavalry charged 
In clouds of rising dust.' 
Would that 'Amr and his Mlowers 
And 'Utba had been in our ilaming meeting-place 
That they might have slaked their vengean« 
On those of Khazraj who were slain 
And on those of Aus who died on the battleneld, 
i sUin in Dhu'1-Adwaj.' 

With a pliant death-dealing lance. 

And where Mus'ab fell and lay 

Smitten by a sword's quick stroke 

In Uhud when our swords Hashed among thern 

Flaming like a roaring fire 

On the morn we met you with sworos 



TheUJeo 
Like lions of the plains who cannot be turn 
All our :,!ii,ls Iikc bawks, 
Blood horses iiery, well-saddled. 
We trod them down there until they fled 
Except the dying or those hemmed in (644) 
'Abdullahb. al-Ziba'ra: 

Surely tears Aowed from your eyes' 

When youth had fled and the loyed one wa 

Far off and gone is 



-[■hce:i 



ioved, has robbed m 






However long he weeps. 

But let be: Has Umm Malik news of my people 

Since news spreads far and wide 

Of our bringing horses to the men of Medina, 

Fine handsome horses, some reared with us, some outborn, 

The night we went forth in great force 

Led by Dne, the dread of his enemies, the hope of hls friends ? 

All were clad ir, coats of mail 

Which looked like a well-filied pool where two valleys meet. 

When they saw us they were filled with awe, 

A dreadful plight confronted them; 

They wished that the earth would swallow them, 

Their stoutest hearted warriors were in despair. 

When our swords were drawn they were like 

A Aarne that leaps through brushwood, 

On their heads we brought them down 

rifl deathto the enemy. 
They left the slain of Aus with hyaenas hard at them and 
Hungry yultures lighting on them. 
The Banu Najjar on every height 
Were bleeding from the wounds on their bodies, 
But for the height of the mountain pass they would have left A 

dead, 
But he climbed too high thaugh the spears were directed at him 
As they left Hamza dead in the attack 
With a lance thrust through his breast. 
Nu'man too lay dead beneath his banner, 
The falling vultures busy at his bowels. 1 



Do the spring eainps makc you long for Ummu' 

The wnstc l.iruis Llcscr.i.d '>;. tluir pctiplc: 
The winds of sunmuT aiu! the niin of A^ciriu^, 
The torrential dmjdhrinecr, has effaccJ thein; 
Naught remains but the plaee wherc thc ijre w; 



>n llu g, 



es like doves. 
rc the camp whose people distancc separates 



st in dcfenc 



High renown w-as theirs. 

The Banu Najjar were sti 

None was fainthearted in the hght 

-ii f ."i. ..:i thl apOJtll oi God, they rjid not desert hin 

'1 hc} :>;:.! .: hcip.T htm: ti.cir LuIl! .'liilI liu inii ; . . .....r, 

They were faithfui when you, Quravsh, ; dcnicd your 1 

..nilhe Jisloytil shivc avc nevcr equal) 
With swords in their hands when the battie was hot 

Hc v linm they smote could not but die. 

iii.y lcft M.tba and Sa'd lying in the dust 









Thcy lelt Ubayy laid beneath the dust by the ap 



Tiu-sc wltl- l!iu-!'s iiiim vcur leading lamiliei 
Kor cvery armv has chiefs. 
Ily theur » 1,'clp G„J when* Hc hclps us 
I i , 1 ihm_* ,l tci ihlc, O Cjuraysh. 

■ 
D.a.l fur Cod's sake in true obedience. 
Paradise etetnal he Iives in now 
(The command of Him who clecicc. i. swiil 



10 Radwa in 

,:, s.uiiier.h m the valley was 
1 lo the battle. 



The Life qf Muhammad 
■ Whilc vonr Jead an in hrll, their hcst food 
Thorns and boiling water to fill their bellies (6t 
'Amr b. al-'As. 

Forming as it were a streaked girdle t 
B. Naijrir iooiishly wished to m*- — 
By thc side of Sal' and hopes ar 

Squadrons of horse coming 
They wanted to plunder our tents, 

But protecting those tents that day were shattering blows. 
Tiicv v.ere tcms that havc always bet-n protected, 
If a people madc for ::u:i Jhl h( apoiled and meet out 

The hLad of llit 1 I i « < 
By the sidc >>i - ,1 > t rt ' I ■ Ilccd meions, 
And their hands holding Yamant swords were like tWwaj 2 (64 
Dirarb. 3,1-Kha.tab: 
By thy grandfather, 3 had I not advanced my horse 
When the cavalry wheeled betwecn the slope and the low grou 
On the side of Uhud's slope, there had not ceased 
The voices of your v 1 1 : ■>.-, thetr cause s 

And a horseman, his forehead split by a sword, 

His skull in pieccs like a shepherd's cloak.* 

By thy grandfather, I am always girdcd with a sharp sword wi 



Onthesaddleofamar. 
As long as thc cry for 



ward to 



weaklings and non-coml 

jsty helms whcn thcy ic 
Warriors of proud tlcscent on the clay of battle, 
Proud leadets bearing long swords who advance to dei 
Healsosaid: 

And the K'n:izrinlv:i v.uh glittcring swnrds 

And they drew their Mashrafiya swords 

And displayed a Hag nuttering like the wings of an ea| 



4 The Ufe of M 

It will be talked of as long as leaves fall. 

And the spoils of those they encountered, 
I forced myself to be stcadfast when I felt afraid' 
And I was certain that glory could only bc got in the forefr 
I f[jrccd my stced to plunge into their ranks 
And drenched him with thelr blood. 
My horsc and my armour were coloured 
With blood that spurted from their veins and coagulated. 
ay in their dwellings 



l-..i ev 



ot despair, O Banu Makhzum, for ; 






without blam 



Exchanging blows unltl time be no more, 
'Amr b. al-'As: 

When I saw war's Aames leaping over the fire stones 
Reaehing the squadrons Aaying men with their heat* 

I ivis siu-i- liiat dcatli «ai trtttii and lifc a delusion. 

I set my arms on a strong horse which could nutrun nthers ea 



at nowcd dc 



lis nanks he showed m 



l-iim <![■ letlock hc lcads the cayalry in canter and gallop, 
My mother be your ransom that fcarful morning 
When thcy walked like sandgrouse 

plainly (647). 
Ka'b b. Malik answered the two of them: 
Tell Quraysh (the hest word is the truest and truth is ;if 



tablc to the wi 
That m killed y 



standard-b, 



The Life of Muhammad 
The opinion of those who oppose Islam is misleading, 
Do not wish for more war but stay at home, 
The habitual man of war is blood-stained, never free of care. 1 
You wtll get such blows at our hands 
That the hyaenas will rejoke at the lumps of meat. 
We are men of war who get the utmost from it 
And innict painrul punishment on the aggressors, 
If Ibn Harb escaped with the skin of his teeth 
(And God's will must be done) it gave him discernment 
And admonition if he has the sense to appreciate it. 
Had you cume to the bottom of the torrent bed 
A switt stroke would have met you otl the valley side, 
Bands of men round the Prophct would have coiilnirueil \oe 
With breastplates prepared for war, 
Men of Ghassan stock with drawn swords, 
No unarmed CDwards they ; 
They walk towards the dark clouds of battle 



Or as lions walk in a cove: 


rtwettedbyrain 


Brought by the north wim 


i from the Gemini 


In long close-knit mail liki 




Its wearer broad-shouldered, 2 a tihii-s' likc a sword, 


Which makcs the strongest arrowhead useless 




bluntcd cdgc. 


Though you threw orf Mc 


mnt Sal' from your backs 


(And sometimes life can b 


e prolonged and dcath avoided) 


You would never he able 1 




Time will pass the slain n 


at paid for, 3 


Slave and free, noble, tied 


up like game (led) 


Towards Medina bound a 




We were hoping to get yt 


iu all, but our knights with their 


Chased you from us too quickly. 


Whcn one of them commi 


ts a crimc thcy know for certain 


That thc consequence will 


be l.nnu: ( :i\ the tribe). 


His crime is not an unmistakabk 


None blames him and nor 


ie evadcs his share of thcpenalty.' 



Hassanb.Thabit; 

I could not sleep for care 

And the vision of the beloved that haunttd me. 



The daily sun surpasses her in 
'atyouth 



My uncle was orator si J:.iuyatii'l-Jatil5ii 
With al-\u'man whcn he stuod up (tn spcak) 
I was thc h:iv.k at tlm duor of lbn Sahna 
( )n the dav that Nu'man was sick in fetters. 
riiaw.m.i Waqidwf 
The day they Wl 



tyfor- 



with ali m y v. 



Everysci . 

My tamJy slood high in their regard, 

Every dwelling had 

My father gave deci 

When disputes were rricrrcu to 

Mich wcrc 01.11 dccds. hnt al-Ziba'ra 

How much culture is destroyed by poverty 

\\h,l,- p,,)spi.it : , tnJc-s 'larharismP 

l „ 1 , L il i iii i m isuh hispeer.* 

I care not if a he goat cries in th. uasmlatui' 

Or a churl speaks evil behind my back. 

The nnest stock of Banu Qusayy took over the courage 

(You ought to have bad) when you withdrew. 

\inc carned the standard while 

Makh:',"mi ran av.ai ;ri,!n the spears with the riff-raff. 

II ., I .rm , - il ' in their plate till all wf — -'- : - 



lofth 






It 1 


mourahlc that they sh 


The noble ma 












■; • "«" 


rom us seeking remge 



The Life of Muhammad 
So that they stood not fast hut lost thdl wia. 
Their collarbones could not sustain its weight ; 
Only the best men can carry the standard (648). 
Hassan b. Thabit mourningHamza: 

O Mayya, arise and weep sadly at dawn as the k 
As those who carry heavy burdens cannot move 
Who cry al< 

ofvictims. 
They let their hair loose and their locks appear 
Like the tails of restive plungiug horses in thi 
Some plaited, 1 some cut " ' 
They weep sadly like mournei 
Their hearts searred by painfc 
' as smitten those who wi 



'.'bi m. 



of Uhud 



knight and protector when armed n 
tj i?amza, I will not forget you while tin 

And frona the fate that brings war after 
)rotector, O Hamza, you w, 



iOffatew. 






he lion of the apostle, that protector of oui 
Who will always be mentioned when noble chiefs are counted 

the leaders, generous, white, shiriing; 
Not frivo!ous, poor spintcd, nor grumbling at life's burdens. 
A sea of generosity, he :iever ulllihcld gifts from a guest. 
Young men of honour, zeaIous and serious minded, have died 

. - ■ i 1 fiUof milk 

Offered the flesh of camels topped by slices carved from its fat, 
Protecting their guests as long as the cnemy attacks. 
Alas for the young men we have lost, they werc as lamps, 
Proud, patricians, princes, lavishly generous, 
Who bought reputation with their wealth, (for reputation is a gai 
Who leapt to their bridles if a cry for help was raised. 
One who suffered misfortunes in an unrighteous age. J 
His camcls kept going over the dusty plain, 
They went vying with each olher while he was among those 
Whose breasts ran with sweat so that gond fortune might return tol 
Not the lot of him who gets the unlucky arrow. 3 
O Hamza, you have Ieft mc loncly [ike a brjnch cut off from a II 



The Life of Muhammad 

t above you when the gravedigger tmishcd his w 
covering it with earth carefully smoothed. 
iat we say (and what we say is gric: lmis ;i.i;-di 
om life's misfortunes let him come to us 



Do you know the camp whose traces 
Are swept away by a mighty torrent 
Between Al-Saradih and UdmSna ai 
HTil? 



t of that an 



would nc 



Give no thought to a camp «hose triiccs h;t\. 

And weep over Hamsa the generous who fflli 

When the storm blew in bitter cold and fami 

Who left his adversaries in the dust 

Stumhling on his slender lance, 

Ulio threw hunselfamong the horses when t 

Like a lion bold in his thicket. 

Shining at the summit of the Hashim clan 

He did not oppose the truth with lies. 

May the hands of Wahshi, the mi 



is become dark at his loss 
m shining forth from the cl 



point deadly sharp! 
uds is blackened. 



Who made up for the loss of i 
Rejoicc not, O Hind, but pTot. 
Let flow the tears of the berea 



a protector in all the blows o 






d not go too far rashly in the folly of love, 

tu have always becn thought foolish for following it 

is time for you to stop in obedience 

- to awake when an adviser warns you. 

■n» crushed by the toss af Hamza, 

i inu.lrd |iarls trcmbled. 

noble prince, strong in the lofty stock of Hashim, 
hence come prophecy, generosity, and lordship, 

' ' lmped camds when the wind is so col 



)n thc da 



You .. 






)f battle, with his lai 






riy strong-pawed lic 
The prophet's uncle and chosen one 
Came to his death — a goodly end, 
He met his fate marked out among a people 
Who helped the prophct and smight manyrdom. 

; I llJl.L lliLS htitli To!d .lt Lh:i! 

To still the buming choking within her breast 

How we met her people on the sandhill 

The day in which happiness left hcr. 

Andofthe well of Badr whcn li.thrn-l and MiiIi.i.t: 

Beneath our banncr turned thcm back 

Sti th.it I ^i m u I i iii, iL u:rh tlk: prophet in tw 

Onc killing and onc pursuing whtiin hc plcascd. 

Seventy men, 'Utba and al-Aswad among them, 

And llnii] I 1] i hii , ,,, ,, ,,„, i , thl I 

From which foaming blood gushed forth. 
Asharpsword in thc hands o! ;!:.- Ivlievcrs 
Reduced the pride of Umayya al-Jumahi.» 





The Life of Muhan 


mad 


The lugit 


ve polytheists came to you lik 






ayalry in ful! pursuit. 




DilTerent 


-v '.:,>sv v.hose horoe is hell 


ver!astin 


And those 


who are eternally in paradise 




e also satd 


Uisi:. () S.diya, be not weak 












Ik ™ t ... ,r | i 1 






Oit-r (.;od'i 1 ir ,-■ iu llu- vli 






For he was a strength to 00 


orphans 



Those you ask will tell you the truth 
That on nights when bones were gathet 
We gave su 



(Cr„, 






s o£ famine 
Witli 3 airt i-f nliat oiii iich providerJ 
Uith patience aml eciicii-sit; imsimls the i; 
The shears of war left us 
Those whose ways wc have always tried to 



(l,viv 






re !he c 



..', ,,l -. ir , , ] mcky ground. 

There the best camels are broken in, 

. tnd white. 1 
The rush of men was like Euphrates in flood, 
I masses dcstroying all in rhi- 
You would think their glitter was the shining 
They dazzle beholdcrs in their commotion. 
If you are ignorant of our importance 
Then ask those near us who know, 
How we behave when war is violent 
In slaughter, severitv, biting, im 



D„ w, 






,.! rlu i:.i 



Untjl she yields her milk and becomes gentie? 3 



TkeLifeof!V, 

ch Bghtini! is C0, 



l iiot tighting. 



Yoii «nuli! tliirik i!k: Ihtoc,- cns.-.igcd iu il 

II.. i ' , I i. i ittmg tlie cups of 

With rheir sharp-edged awords. 

Wl ucri- tlii-n and v.i- v.i 

Uearini! otii- badgc-s undcr ch.hi<U nl ilust. 






. . 



,vords, 






And cease not smiting if they are not 1 
Like autumn lightning in the hands oi 
Otrcrwhekoing in bluod heads that ren 
Our fathers taught us how to strike 



When a champion passes, hi 

We grow up and our fathers perish, 

And was told that you were baseborn, 

T,ii!. ilf i isgtaci h ' iti . ; , I isi , - 1 1 •, n,< i, 

'l ' ■ 

You utter filth, and then throw it 

At the clean robcd godly faithful one (65 



Ask Quraysh of our night and of theirs 
That room at the base of Uhud's hill. 
We were lions, they but leopards when they came. 

Wc laitil notinng fi,r h!iii>t! rcl.iti.:iisi:i|-.. 
How many brave chiefs did we leave there 
Protectors of proteges, noble in birth and rcputatior 
Among us the apostle, a star, thcn llierc in'!ui: cd In 

spLLch, just his behayiour. 
He who answers his call will escapc pcrdition, 

litaii- ,i .itliiLk, purposeful, resolute 



12 Tht Lije of Muhammad 

When hearts are moved by fear, 
Advancing and encouraging us so that we should n< 
Like the full moon that cannot lie. 
When he appeared we followed him and held him t 
They called him liar 50 we are the happiest of the / 

While we followed them in unwearying pursuit. 



The n 

God's ; 



•vrth* , 



noihinsr 






i (6 5 z): 



My eye wept and right well it did 
: :iviiils weeping and lame 
For God's lion on the day that they said 
'Is that alain man Hamza >' 
All the Muslims were distn 
The apostle too suffered. 
Abu Ya'li, J your pillars 1 
You the noble, just, bountc 

With everlasting felicity! 
O Hashim, the best men, be steadfast 
Whose every deed is fine and laudable. 3 
God's apostle is patient, noble, 

■ 

(For after today w:i: s ton 

And previously they have known and ta 

Our nghting in whieh vengeance was sla 

You have forgottcn cur blows at Badr's 

When swift death came to you, 

The morn that Abu Jahl lay prostrate, 

'Utba and his son fell togethcr 

And Shayba whom the polished sword l 

\\ lcii 11 ,.■ 'l r.liLil on thegrouni 

A hugc lsncc in his belly. 

Ask the skulls of Banu Rabi'a, 

For our swords were notchcd by them. 

Wcep, Hind, grow not weary, 






-< d. 



The Lift of Muhammad 
Show not joy at Hamza's death, O Hind, 
For your boasting is contemptible. 



aysh despite their distance, 
Do you boast of what you have not won ? 
You boast of the slain on whom the favours 
Of Him who grants the best favours have fallen. 
They dwell in gardens and have left waiting for 
Lions who protect their cubs, 
To fight for their religion, in their midst 
A prophet who never recedes from the truth. 
Ma'add attacked him with infamous words 
And the arrows of enmity unceasingly {653). 
PirJrb. al-Khaptab: 

What ails thine eye which sleeplessness affects 

As though pain were in thine eyelids ? 

Is it for the loss of a friend w"hom you hold dear 

Parted by distance and foes ? 

Or is it because of the miBchief of a useless people 

Whcn wars blaze with burning heat? 

They cease not from the error they have committed. 

Woe to them! No helper have they from Lu"ayy. 

We adjured them all by God, 

But neither kinsbip nor oaths deterred them ; 

Tiil hnally wbcn tbey determined on war against us 

And injustice and bad feeling had grown strong, 

We attacked them with an jrmy 

Flankcd by helmeted strong mailed men 

And slender horses sweeping along with warriors 

Like kites, so smooth was their gait ; 

Sakhr 1 led and commanded 



Like an angry lion of tl 



junglete 






1 their 






Like goats which the hail om frozen to the cold ground. 
Noble dead, the Banu'I-Najjar in their midst 
And Musab with broken pieces of our shatts around him 
'11" | 1 h 1 1 1 going round hi 

As if when hc fell he bled beneath the dust 
Transtbred by a lance on which the blood had dried. 



The Life of Muhammad 



Husbandless women 
In mourning garb re 
We left them to the 



: n liis covenant l 
He went through painful dese 
Black as darkest night, 



You can see him advancing tn.:.: 
Bearing a leader witb. his mighty spear. 
Al-A'sha b. Zurara b. al-NabbSsh al-Tamlml, of B. I 
Tamlm, weeping the slain of B. 'Abd al-Dar: 



Let thc Banu Ab 


Talh 


i„ fn i; 


of their dis 


Be givcn a greeti 




will not 


Ih rcjertcd. 


Their watercarric 


passed them with it 


AnJti-MT; watcrc 








Their ndghbour 








No door was clos 




ic-ir fact 




Uahb. al-Ziba'r5: 








We killed Ibn Jahsh and 


rejoiced 


at his death 


And Hamza with his hor 


emen and Ibn Qauq 



Some men escaped us and got LiLinkh li-li. . 
Would that they had stopped and we had not becn hasty, 
That they had stood so that our swords their best men 
CUt down, for all of us were fully armed ; 



The Life of Muhammad 
And that there might havc been a fight between us 
When they would havc a morning draught 1 whose evil v 
pass away (656). 
Sallya d. 'Abdul-MuRalib mourning her brother Hamza: 

ie eloquent? s 



Are you my sisters asking in dre; 
The men of Uhud, the slow of ni 
Thc latter said Hamza is dead, 



Thc 



st helper of th 



ic Thrnt 



To live in paradise in joy. 

That is what we hoped and longed for. 

Hamza on the day of gathering will cnjoy the best reward. 

By God m ne'er forget thee as long as the east wind blows 

In sorrow and weeping, whether at home or in mtcel, 

For the lion of God wha was our defence, 

Protecting Islam against every unbeliever. 

Would that my limbs and bones were there 

oaa and vultures to visit. 
I said when my family raised their iamentation, 
God reward him, nne brother and helper as he was! (657). 
Su'm wife of Shammis b. 'Uthman weeping her husband: 
O eye be generous, kt thy tears flnw spontaneously 
For tliL nohle ;>: nt victorious warrior ^ 
Whose opinion was 
Who carried the sta 
id in anguish wl 






le rider of horses. 

md clothed others has pe 



Her brother Abu'1-Hakam b. 



0' rcplying to comfort her: 



Prtscryc th; modcsty in sccrct and in honour, 
For Shammas was only a man. 

i|f beeause he met his dcath 
In obeying God on the day of heroic battlc. 
Hamza was thc lion (rf God, so he pLitH.nl: 
Hc too on that day tasted Shammas's cup. 



Hind d. 'Utba « 



m the pol ytheists withdrew from Uhud : 

rry heart Slled with sorrow, 

n whom I sought yengeance had escaped m 



■t all that I had hoped (6 S 8). 



The Lift o/ Muhammad 
When battle's abroad I am not afraid/ 
With shield of smooth ox-hide I'm safely arrayed 
And I firmly believe in what Muhammad has said. 



THE DAT OF AL-RAJI', A.H. 3 

Abu Muhammad 'Abdu'1-Malik b. Hishim told us from Ziyid b. 'Abdril- 
lah a]-Bakki'I from I. [sbaq from 'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qat5da; After Uhud 
a number of 'Adal and al-Qara came to the apoatle (659). They said that 
some of them had already accepted Islam and they asked him to send some 
of his companions to instruct them in religion and to teach them to read 
the Quran and to teach them the laws of Islam. The apostle sent the 
following six of his companions..Marthad b. Abu Marthad al-GhanawT, 
an ally of Hamza; Khalid b. al-Bukayr al-Laythi, an ally of B. 'Adfy b. 
Ka'b; 'Asim b. Thabit b. Abu'l-Aqlah, brother of B. '.Amr b. 'Auf b. 
Mlhk b al-Aus K I l . t irher of B. Jahjaba b. Kulfa b. 

'Amr b. "Auf ; Zayd b, al-Dathinna b. Mu'Jwiya, brother of B. Bayada b. 
'Amr b. Zurayq b. 'Abdu Hiritha b. Milik b. Ghadb b. Jusham b. al- 
Khazraj: and 'Abdulkh b. Tanq, ally of B. Zafar b. al-Khairaj b. 'Amr b. 
Malik b. al-Aus. 

Thc apostle put Marthad in eommand of them and the band got as far as 
al-Raji', a watering-place of Hudhayl in a district of the H[jaz at the upper 
part of al-Had'a.' There they betrayed them and summoned Hudhayl 
against them. While they were off their guard sitting with their baggage 
suddenly they WCM ■■ ■ '■' ith swords in their hands, 30 they 



:o fight tl 



:. :i:c 1,1 



intention to kill them; they w 
o people of Mecca. They swore by God that they would not 1 

Maithad, Khali ' i I ' - n n I h\ God, «e will nevi 
undertaking and agreemcnt from a polytheist.' 'Asim said: 
No weakling I, an archer bold, 
My bmv thick-stringed with trusty hold 

Death's certain— !ife a merc talc told. 
What God decrees men shall behold, 

I ,'",- rant r.-tuni tn Ilim its mould. 

I fight though I leave a mother, cold (660). 



-!■_■::': 



Like Gehenna they bi 



Thereupom 

«Wben 'Asim was slain Hutihayl wanted to take his head to sell it to 
Sulala d. Sa'd b. Shuhayd. When he killed her two sons at Uhud she 
swore a vow that if she could get possession of his head she would drink 
wine in his skull ; but bees 1 protected him.* When the bees came between 
it and them they said, 'Let him alone until n:ghtfall when they will leave 
him and we can take the skull.' But God sent a fiood in the wadi and it 

polytheist should touch him nor would he ever touoh a polytheist for fear 
of contamination. *'Umar used to say when he heard af how the bees 
protected him, 'God protects the believer. 'Asim had vowed that no poly- 
theist shouid touch him Rnd ch one so long as he 

lived, so God protected him after his death as he had protected himself 



Zayd, Khubayb, and Abdullah b. Tiriqwe. 
desire to preserre their lives so they surreni 
taken to Mecca to he sold there. When they 1 
brokc loose Irom his bonds and drew his swo 
itoned him until they 1 



Khubayb and Zayd m 



oughttoMecca(66i). 



weak and yielding in ri.i-ir 

;re in al-Zahran 'Abdullah 
i. But the men drew back 



JU ~Ihab al-Tamimi, an ally of B. Kaufal, bought Khubayb 

t,rl.|l. 1 il-', lll .1 tl x n 1 il \bu Ihab being the brother of 
al-Harith b. 'Amir by the same mother, to kill him in revenge for his 
father (662). 

Safuin b. Umayya boueht Znv.l in kill hiru in rwcngc fi.:r lns hither 
1 b . Khal 1 I 1 t I I 11 

i.l (Jum 1 . 1 ..I 11 - 1 11 ■ - Abu Sufyin b. Harb, who said to 

him as he was broujjht i.ul 10 lx- killeil, '1 ndjure ytji. hy God, Zayd, Jon't 
you wish that Muh 




4 2S The Life of Muhammad 

cut off his head, anti that y",i v.'crc c.tth your family?' Zayd answered, 'By 
God, I don't wish that Muhammad now werc m tlie plare he ncciiriirs and 
thnr a rhorn could hurt him, and that I were sitting w-irh my family.' Abu 
Suiyanused to say, 'I have never seen a man whu i.as so Ltned as: Muha::;- 
mad's companions loved him,' Then Nistas killed him, God pity him. 

'Alidulliih b. Abtl Vuih loi.l ,„c that lie was told by Mawiya,' freed- 
woiiiui, iif lluiLiM iv AIhi ilijb. «hn h.i.l become a Muslim: Khubayh was 
imprisoncd in ttu hotisc atij I looheu at iiim one ilay uitl, a liuitel, t:t' 
grapes in his hand as big as a man's head from which he was eating. 1 tlid 
not know that there werc grapes on God's earth that could bc catcn (at 

t ' Asim b . ' 1'mar b. Qatada and 'Abdullah b. Abu Najih both told me that 
she said: When the time for his esecution had come he asked me ta send 
him a razor with which to deanse himself before he died ; so [ gave a razor 
to a youth of the tribe and told him to take it to the man in the Iiolisl-. 
Hardly had he turned his back to take it to him when I tliought, ' V\ iiar 
have I done? By God, the man wil, ukc bis ie\< i B l b> killing the young- 



took it from him saying, 'Good gr 

I leaoher. wh rri she sent you to me 
Wsioi said, Then they tc ' 
" ■ ed thetn 



,us, o.in 



ogireb 



,o 'thestt 



ouple of bo 



I h, 



-lorrnedtw 

the people saying, 'Wcre it not that you uoulii thiok that I only delayed 
out of tax o: death 1 would have prolonged my prayer.' Khubayb b. 
'Adiy was the nrst to establish the custom i,t pcrloiming i i i i. i 
death. Then they raised him on the wood and when they had bound him 
he said, 'O God, we have delivered the message of Thy apostle, so tell him 
lot ii-irrow what Illi.s bcc-n donc to Lis.' Then hc sni.l, '() G"d, rcckoti rhcin 
by number and kill them one by one, let none of them escape.' Then they 
killed him, God pity him. 

Alc : Lh,i\a 1: Ai-iL, Su:\:iii ilsc.l to s.iy: I tv,is pivsrtir ihat .l.iy :itL:(,::iL 

hi . , , , , \ , t and 1 saw him throw me to the 

ground out of fear of KhubaylA cur.sc.' Thcy usecl to say, *lf a maii is 

: own to one «tde the cu» « i 1 1 pass oi er him.' 

Yal.iya 1,. Abbad b. 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr from his father 'Abbad 

ktll IMitiM I I 

of B. 'Ahdu'1-Dar took a lance and put it in my hand. Then he covered 



,2 Hidhyam al-Jurr 



; 






b. 'Aini 



The Life of Muhammad 429 

that the man wss subject to seiiures. During onc of his visits 'Umar asked 
| ,, , tt 1 I lc I I ll I 

me, but I was one of those wh, | , , Kl ubuyb b 'Adiy was 

killed and I heard his curse, and whenever I remember it when 1 am in a 
meeting I faint away.' This increased his favour in 'Umar's eyes (664). 

\ Itet tlman of Zayd b. Thabit told me from 'Ikrima, freedman of Ibn 
'Abbr.s, 01- nrotn Sald h. Jnba I mth reference to a 

passage of the Quran about this eipedition : When the expedition in which 
Marthad and 'Asim took part came to grief in al-RajI' some of the dis- 
alTcctcd said, 'Alas for thosc hciniileL! f..llnws wlin pcrishcd tlms 1 Thcy 
did ntit stay with their familics nor did they deliver the message of thcir 
master.' Then God sent down concerning their words and the good thcy 
gaineti bv their suUertng: 'There is the kind of mao whosc talk abtiut thc 
hk of this world pleasesyou,' i.e. when he prohcsscs Islam wilh his ttmgtie, 
'and he calls God to witness about that which is ln his heart' which is 
contrary to what he professes with his tongue, 'yet he is the most tjuarrel- 
'"it when he argues with you (665).' 



jt from your present 
ind to destroy t 

docs ,1,-it l,>vr 1 

to him, Beware 



God said, 'And when he turns a 
'he hastens through the land to m: 
c-.;.|-s and ihc cattle; but God loves 
doing of it nor ilo:s u p!c:.:-c Hini And when i 
God| pride sci./cs him in sin. Ik-ll will b 
place. And there is the kind of man who would sell himself ii 
to please God and God is kind to His servants,' i.e. they sold th 
God by nghting in His way and doing what Hc required until they gavc up 
their lives. He means that expedition (666). 

Amonirlhc pociu,- iboul this i, tiiLi. oi Kbubayb b, 'Adiy when bc hcartl 
that the people had gathered to crucify him (667): 

es gathered their tribes around me 



Aiitl as 






All of them sh 

Because I am hclpless in bonds. 

They collect thcir women and children 

And I im brought to a lofty high trunk. 

To God I complain of my loneliness and pain 

And of the death the confederates have prepared 

Lord of the throne, give mc cndurance against tl 

Thcv haic pierced my tlesh— all hope is gone! 

This is for God's sake, and if He wills 



"Ih... lci 



AtilI mv lcars l!ov.cd llioii^h j-,ot 
I fearnotdeath whn am ahout u 
But I fear hell and its all-embrat 
By God, I far not 1 if I die a Mi 
What death I sufler for God's sa 
I wiil not show subservience to t 
Nor despair, for 'tis to God I rel 
lassan b. Thabit said, mourning Kl 
What ails thine eyc th 



Then go, Khubayh, nia; '■), 



K prophet says to you 



O t v ; . hi ger.erous with thy tears; 

Ww p fnr kbubayh who Jid not retum with the warriors. 

A hawk, 'midsl the Ansar was his dignity, 

Generous by nature of pure unmked descent. 

My eye was inAamcd becausc af t I lliculi ufwccpin 

When 'twas said, Hc has been Iifted up on a tree. 

O raidcr going forlb on your business 



To thc Hanu Kuhayba that 
Will be bitter when its teats 



al-\ajj. 



Their ghuenng spear 
l.lassiiii Lllso sai.l: 
Had there been in the camp a noble dn"ef, a warrior, 

■ i ha npi f ihe peopk, a hawl whose uncle ia Ans», 

Then, Khubayb, you would have had a spacious place to s 
ve been connned by guards in prison. 



LnV. 



I of thc tri 



of tbem men whom 'Udas had «tpelled. 



They d( 



keLi/eo/Mulmmmad 

v itb thcir [reLH:herv, brL.iliiiiLi lliei' ia 






ra were wronged, a prisoner in their camp (670). 
Those who formed the mob from Quraysh wheu Khuhayb was kiiled 
were Tkrimab. Abii Jahl; Sa'Id b >h 1 'I h I >.bii C!avs b 'Abdu Wudd; 
al-Akhnas b. Shariq al-Thaqafi, ally of B. Zuhra; 'Ubayda b. Hakim b. 
Umayya b. Haritha b. al-Auqas al-Sulami, ally of B. Umayya b. 'Abdu 
Shams; and Umayya b. Abu 'Utba and the B. al-Hadrami. 

Tell Banu 'Amr that a man stecped in treachery 
Sold their brother as a chattel. 
Zuhayr b, al-Aybarr iiiul Jiimi' snid hinr, 
Both of them committing foul crimes. 
You promised him protcction and liaving donc so ' . 
In the region of al-Raji' you were as sharp swords. 1 
Would that Khubayb had not hcen iu-l.li-, . .1 iiy your promise; 
Would that he had known what people hc was dealing wtth! (671) 
Bassin also said : 

lf pure unalloyed treachery pleases you 

Go tn al-Haji' and ask about the abode of Lihyan; 

A 1 1 1 • liu il 111 licr 1 dniiin ilu- guest among them. 2 



If a he-goat wei 






They errea tnerem and went as 
The> asked tbcir apostle what i 

in Hudhayl 



ipristiL ilir sijjTiuthiiig disgraceful. 



Callinr- 






To be allo»L.i «;,;- ,: K 
Hassan also saidt 
The tale of Khubayh and 'Asim 
Has ruined the name of Hudhayl ibn Mudrik. 
The tale of Lihyan has ruined their r-sputation, 
F<ir Lihyan has committed the worst of crimcs. 
Men, the best stock nf their tribe, 
Like hairs upon a horse's fetlock, 



;2 The Life o/ Mnhammad 

Were treacherous on the day of al-Raji', 

Helr.iyiii B Iheir w.ircl to whom kiiidncss and generosity were dui 
The apostle's messenger. Hudhayl took no pains 
To ward orl the evil of loathsome crimes. 
Onednc thiwwill scc victr>ryiurr,:ii;ainstthem 
. .., Icillina one whom there protected against evd decds 
Swarms of homets standing guard over his tlesh 
Which protected the rlesh of onc who witnessed great batties. 
Perhaps in retura for killing him Hudhayl will sce 
Dead lying prostrate or women mourning 
As we bring 11 nolent attack upon them, 

.1 r I-.. inlihlulh- ii- thnsc at rlu fairs 
Bv command of God's apostle, for he with full knowledge 
Kai made .1 breer&l deciBiiHi ignial l.ihySn, 
A contemptible tribe caring nothing for good faith. 
If they are wronged they do not resist the aggressor. 
When people live in an isolated quarter 

You see them to the watcrcourses between the well-worn chanr. 
Their piscc is the homeof death. 

When anything happens to them they have the minds of cattle. 
Hassan also said : 

God curse Lihyan, for their blood does not repay us 
1 I, t 1 1 ,1 1.1 • ra m treachery 
\, ,| > 1 il kiilccj tl on of a ftee woman 
Faithful and pure in his friendship. 
Had they all been killed on the day of al-Raji' 
ln recenite l"or ' \sim that would not have suHiced 
Fot the dead man whom the bees protectecl ,11 thcir tents, 
Among people of olwious inndelily aml coarscni-ss. 
.re honourable than they 



: a miserable p, 



en be mentioned I 



Lihyan killed 01 

And sold Khubayb 

Ugh! for Lihyiiri i.r rv,:r, ci 

May their memory perish ar, 

A contemptiblc tribe of meai, ».... .....w.. — ~» , 

Their meanness cannot be concealed. 
lf they were slain their blood would not pay for htm 
But the kilhng of his killcr wonl I , | 1 

i",.lcs I !h- " v,ill ui-ri \ TlLilha;! wilh .1 plimdenng r.nd 

By the apostle's command, and his it is, 
Disaster will spend the night in Lthyan's cuurt. 







The Life of Muhamm 


:,! 


The people in a 


1-Raji' will be found in thc 


murning 


Like lit 


llc gOitS 


who have passed the winh 


■r withou 


Hassan alsosaid: 








By Go 


d, Hudhayl do not know 






Wheth 




,orf„„l; 




Anil if 








Thc\ 1 


iave no share in the hijr 01 






riut al 


at-Raji' they have a place, 






Thc h. 








In the 


ire like goats in the Hijaz 1 


rlearine 






*-ere treacherous to Khubayb their • 




Wh.11 . 


i miscnible cmenant was their false 



And were honoured and rewarded. 

Marthad the head and leader of the party and 

Ihn al-Bukayr their imam and Khubayb. 

And a son or T5riq; Ibn Dathinna was there to 

There his death as it was written befell him 



id aI-'Asim slain at Raji' 
Attained the heights (of heaven) 

He met them sword in hand, th 



at gainer he. 
b,ewarrior'(6 7 4). 






The apostle stayed (in Medina) for the rest of Shawwal, Dhu'l-Qa'da, 
T) ,11 ijja n il-Mtlhar, 111 i„l rhe polytheists supenraed the pil- 
grimage. Then he sent the men of Bi'r Ma'una forth in Safar, four months 
after Uhud. 

My father Ish5q b. Yasar from al-Mughira h. Abdu'1-Rahman b. al- 
lliir '.'i b His r«ii l '1 I me, as did 'Abdullah b. Abii Bakr b. Muhammad 
b. 'Amr b. Hazm and other traditionists, as follows: Abu Barii' 'Amir b. 
Malik b. Ja'far the Tlayerwith the Spears' came to the apostlc in Mcdinr. 
(T and otTered him a present. The apostle retused it, saying that he could T- "1 
not accept a prescnt from a polytheist and tclling him to becomc a Mushm 
if he wished him to accept liis pics, 1,1 ;. ; I 

from Islam. He said; 'O Muhammad (T. your affair to which you inrite 



the people of Najd and 
that they would give ) 
feared that the people r 



: Najd would kill them ; t( 






hisreligion. So the apostle sent al-Mundhirb. 'Amr, brother of B. Sa'ida, 
*The Quick to seek Death', with forty of his companions from the bcst of 
649 the Muslims. Among them were al-Harith b. al-Simma ; HariiiTi b. Milhaii, 
brother of B. 'Adiy b. al-Najjar; 'TJrwa b. Asma' b. al-Sait al-Suiaml; 
Nafi- b. Budayl b. Warqi' sl-Kliu;r.a'i; 'Amir b, Kuhayra, rrmlman of Abii 
Bakr, of those who were named of the beat Muslims. (T. Humayd al- 
Tawi! from Anas b. Malih who said that the apostle sent al-Mundhir b. 
'Amr with seraity riders.) 1 They went on until they halted at !ti'r Mailna 
whtcb is bctween thc lnrid of H. Anirr aiui the hurya ut li. SuJ.irni, ncar tu 
; i but nearer to the harra. 

When they alighted at it they sent Haram b. Milhan with the apostle*s 
letter to the enemy of God 'Amir b. Tufayl. Whcn he came to him he 
rushed at the man and killed him before he even looked at the letter. Then 
he tried to call out the B. 'Anur . '. , 1 1 ' it th< y refused to do what 

he wanted, saying that they wculd not violate the promise of seeurity which 
Abu Bara' had given these men. Then he appealed to the tribes of B. 
Si.ihn:n -.:: 'tbjnyya, Ri' , and Dhakwan, and they agreed and came out 
against them and surrounded them as they were with their Lariiuls. Siteini; 
them they drew their swords and fought to the laat man. All were killtd 
but Ka'b b. Zayd, brothcr of B. Dinar b. al-Najjir-; him thiy ktt whilc 
brcath was in him. He was picked up from ainong the slain and hved until 
the battle of the Trench when he was killed as a martyr. 

'Amr b. Umayya al-Damr; and an Ansari of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf were with 
the camels out at pasture (675). They did not know of thc deatb nf thcir 
coiririainrm» nntil they si« vulturcs circhng round the camp. They knew 
that this must mean that something scrious had happened, so they went 
to mvestigate and there were the men lying in their blood and the horse- 
men who had kilied them standing near. r Amr's opinion was that they 
should rejoin the apostle and tell him the news, but the Ansari said that he 

could not bring himse!f to leait ll 1. ■, :i, . il M .ilnr had been slain, 

nor could he bear that people should say that he had done such a thing, so 
he fought the party initil ],,■ h.is killed. Thcv u*ik 'Amr prisoncr, and 
' ' al-TufayI k-i i.im u", 



oath takcn by hi 



lis forclock, He freed him, so he al 



The Life of Muhammad 

that they bdonged to B. 'Amir he let them alone fo 
when he fell upon them and killed them, think 
vengeance on them for the killing of the apostIe's c 



id told hi 
Julled two men whose bloodwit I 1 
is (the result of) Abij Bara's act. 
what would happen.' When Abi 



st pay.' Then the apostli 



id.You huic 

!c said, ■'This 

:pedition fearing 



5' heard the n: 
upset at Aimrs violation ot his guarantee in that the apostle's companions 
had been killed because of what he had done and because he had promised 
tlinn s.itcu Amoi 1; ttms,- .<lm un: Jlk-d v .a., ' \i lir b. Fuhayra. 

H shamb 1 1 , 1 1 tl 1 [i 1 A r il I ili lu Ito 

a,k Whn wn tk n, 1 1 1 ], ,1 t ,i h, ,,, m l irth when hc 
hail hccn killcd until I saw the sky receive him?' They answered, Tt was 
'Amir b. Fuhayra. 

OneofB.Jabbarb Salina h. Mr.lit h. JaTartoIdme— Jabbarwas among 
those who wcre present that day with 'Amir and afterwards became a Mus- 
lim— that Jabbar uscd lr, «av. ' >.', I,t, l,.d me to l.eeumc a Muslirn wa, that 
I stabbed one of them betwecn the shoulders that day and I saw the point 
of the spear come out of his chest, and I heard him say, "I have won by 
t.ud' Uillr n tkt itwh 1 n mtbythew Is , III 1 

killed hi:n unlil altcrwards 1 a,- 1 1 1 nd tuk! that it was martyr- 

dom, and thcn I said, "By God hc has won.'" 
Hassan b. Thabit, inciting B. Abu Bara' against "Amir b. aI-Tufay], said: 

Ye sons of I inir.i'l-Bati::i, tre mui n„i dis:na\c:i, 

You the !oftiest of Najd's people, 

At 'Amir's insolence to Abu Bara' in yiolating his safe conduct? 65 



Sayto 






Your uncle Hakam h. Sa'd 

[T- Ka'b b. Malik also said on 

The violation of Abu Bara 

It is like Musahhab and hi 
Hard by al-Radh in the re| 



The Banij Kilab and al-Qurata' 

Are homes of hri.k, n iauii. 

O 'Amir, 'Amir of ancient infamy, 



j5 The Life of Mukammad 

Did you not deal falsely wlth the prophet? 

Yct ,',l okl liavt y,m !,ctsaved in.amously. 
You are not lil-' 1 . -' ttj' " '' 

Nnr al-Asath the guest of Abii'l-'Ala" ; 

L1 m, ,, ,i ■ li . .1 kmg standing. 

Take notc that thc tiis. a-sc of trcachcry is the most deadly. 



Whcn liie words of Hassan ancl Ka'b reacl 
-;, , ij| ,riitked'Amirb al-Tufay!and st: 
i -,hkd-:hc f:,ilctitokillhim'buthefellfro 
- " l'l-Bara';ifIdiemyblood(I 
t:ifl 






tkcWtn 



ve)to 



Anasb. 'Abbteai-Sulimi, matemal unclc ,>f Tu'..v,t.:i 1 
who killed Nafi' b. Budayl b. Warua' a!-Khuza'i that d. 
I left Ibn Warqa' dead nn the ground 
Will, thi ttust wind blowing o'er him. 
I remembercd AbfiU-Rajry» n> when I saw 
And made sure that I was avenged. 
Aba'1-RayySn was Tu'ayma b. 'Adiy. 



;h he spoke to the point 



Weep for the slain at Ma'una 
With ccerllowing tears, 
For the apostle's horscmen tl.c day 
Thcy met their death by God's dccree. 
They rnet their cnd beeause a peoplc 
Werc false to tl.cir cocenitnt antl trcael 
Alas for Mundhir who died there 
And hastened to his cnd *tcat!fastly! 
How many a noble welcoming man 
Of 'Amr's best pcople was done to dea 



The Life of Muhammad 437 

According to what Yasid b. Ruman told me the apostle went to B. al- 65 
Nadir to ask for their hclp in paying the bloodwit for the two men of B. 
'Amir whi.m 'Amrb. Umayya al-Damri had killed aftcr hc ha.J gicen thc.1,1 
., nromisc ef s,-turilv. I hcre was ,< m.iiual altlania- hctween B. al-Nadlr 
and B. 'Am.r. Wh.i, ihc apnsrle tamc to them ahout the bloodwit they 
said that of coursc they wtiultl cnntrihutc in ,hc v.s, tic nishctl; but they 
took coun l1 with r 1 II neter get such a 

cbance again, Who will go to the top of the house and drop a rock on him 
(T. so as to kill him) and rid us of hirn ?' The apostle was sitting by the T. 
wall of one of their houses at the time. 'Amr b. Jihash b. Ka'b volunteered 

numberot his cnmpar.ions ,11110111: wlinm were Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Ali, 
news came to him from heaven about what these people intended, ao he 
got up (T. and said to bis companions, 'Don't go away until I come to 
you') and he went hack tt. Mcilina Whcri his companions had waited long 65 
tnr th, [in.plitt ti.t 'i.t n|i t 1 1 'i I 1 liitii 1 i-l 1 

Medina and asked him about him. He saitl that he had seen him entering 
Medina, and they went off, and wlien thcy found him he told them of the 
treachery which the Jews meditated against him. Th, sjitislle tirderctl tlicm 
to prepare for war and to march against them (679). Then he went off with 
the men until he came upon them (680). 

The Jews mok refuge in thcir forts and the apostle ordered that the 
palm-treea should he cut down and burnt, and they called out to him, 
'Muhammad, you have prohihited wanton destruction and blamed those 
guilty of Jt. Why then are you cutting dnwn and burning our palm-trees?' 

Now there was a number of B. 'Auf b. al-Khairaj among whom were 
'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Saliil and Wadl'a antl Malik b. Abti (jautjal antl 
Suwayd and Da*is who had sent to B. al-Nadlr saying, 'Stand firm and 
protect yourselves, for we will not bctrayyou. If you arc attackcd wc will 
fight with yoii ntid il you arc turnctl nut, we will go with you.' Aecordingly 
they waited for the help thcy had promised, but they tlitl nt.thing an,l i-.it.ti 
cast terror inl.i thc-i: licarts. ' ,'ln:;, .skc.l ilic :,pi,-alc lo dcport them and to 
spare thcit iitt-s tm cnndition thar ilit-y c-ould rctain all tticir propcrty wlnch 
they could carry 011 t-anit-ls, ciccpt liicir armour, and he agreed. So they 
loaded their camcls with what thcy eould carry. Men were destroying 
their houses down to \. :. limel ai lia doot which they put upon the back 
of their camels and went off with it. Some went to Khayhar antl oliiers 
went to Syria. Among their chiefs who went to Khaybar wcre Sallam b. 



438 The Lije <if Muhammad 

Abu'I-Huqayq, Kinana b. al-Rabi b. Abu'I-Huqayq, and Huyayy b. Akh- 

tah. \'i kn ii:n gol there tln; inhabitants bccame subject to them. 

'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that he was told that they carried off the 
women and children and property with tambourines and pipes and singing- 
girls playing behind them. Among them was Umm 'Amr. wife of 'Urwa b. 
I iliey had bought from him, al 



654 TOtnen of B. Ghifar. (They w 
never becn seen in any tribe 









pompan 



as had 



iroperty to the apostle and it became his personal 
prcpeni ', ,1 I l a d ]i 1 1 1 I 1 fi ldcd k among the 

It 1 i-niigrat 1 lusion of the Ansar, except that Sahl b. Hunayf 

and Abu DujJna Simak b. Kharasha complained of poverty and so he gave 
thern some. Oniv two ol II. al-\adii bccame Muslims: Yamin b, 'Umayr 
Abu Ka'b b. 'Amr' b. Jihash and Abu Sa'd h. Wahb who became Muslims 

One of Yamin's family told me that the apostle said to YamTn, ' Have you 
seen the way your cousin has treated me and what he proposed to do ?' 
Thereupon Yamin gave a man money to kill 'Amr b. Jihash and he did 
kill him, or so they allege. 

Concerning B. al-Nadir the SHra of Exile came down in which is 
iw God wreaked His vengeance on them and gave His apostle 



how He d 



-I, theii 



God sa 



'Hc it 



re people from their homes 
to thc firet oiile. You did not think that they would go out and they thought 
that their forts would protect them from God. But God came upon them 
from adirection they had not rtii, ■ , .1. 1 111 rror into their hcarts 
so that they destroyed their hims nli eii 11 n n iiuls and the hands of 
the believers. u That refers to thcir destroying their houses to extract the 
lintels of the doors when they carried them away. 'So consider this, yoi: 
who havc undcrstanding. liad not God prescribed deptirtation agamst 
them,' whieh 111 H ^ould have punished them in 

this world,' i.e. with the sword, 'and in the next world there would be the 
punishmcnt of l::T]' ,::; v.vil 'I in piihn-tr-vi:s v.hk:h you ciit down nr kit 
standing upon their roots.' Lina means other than the best kind of dates. 
'It was by God's permission,' i.e. i!k v \verv viil ilciwis by God's order; it 
11 1 1 1 I 1 i^ ii 1 1 1 * 1 ind to humble evil- 

pts ■liichGodgavetheapostleframthem,' i.e. from 
R. al-Xadir. 'You did not urge 011 your cavalry or riding camels for the 
sakeof it, but God givvs hi; aposlk; pov.v|- i>vvi whom i:c wills atul God is 
Almighty," i.e. it was pcculiar to liim (682), *The spoil which God gave the 
aj.ustle 1'roiii the people of the towns belongs to God and His apostle.' 

I 1 L I | 1 I 1 i 1 I t 1 

turcd by forceof arms belongs to'Godand the aiinstlc. An..: is for tlic ncsi 
<>t i;m am: orphaits ;i:;v lin- pool ai::i the waYiarcr ;,<■ lliai :l idnmkl r, >l 



The Life of Mahammad 
forbidsyou.' lli:v 



M say 



:;> their 






jofthesc 
ds 'like 



re people who c 



a painful punishment,' i.e. the B. Qaynuqa'. 
Then as far as the words 'Like Satan when he said to man Disbeheye, and 
when man disbelieved he said, I am quit of you. I fear Allah the Lord of 6: 
the worlds and the punishment 1 ■■■ ■ II I . 1 Jl . 

lastingly. That ia the rewatd of the evildoers.' 

Among the verses composed about B. al-Nadlr are the foIlowing from 
I. Luqaym al-'Absi. (Others say Qays b. Bahr b. Tarif was the author 
(683)0 

My people be a ransom for the immortal man 

Who fotced the Jews to settle in a dii 



Inst' ' 



llsoftai 
ing palms they have the b; 
1 right about Muhammad 
lil scc his luirses between al-Sala and Yaramr 
l for 'Amr b. Buhtha. They are the enemy. 



hillsof'Cdi. J 



Ot thc 8: 



M,:';: 

(Afrier . 

On tliem are heroes, firebrands in 

Brandishing spears diretted at their enemies. 

Fy.lt'. Iine ■;-!ii:p Tndian blade 

LTiht-ritL-d li m rW tiiiys ol ( Ad and Jurhum, 

Who vill gWc Ouraysh a message irom me, 

For is there one honoured in glory after them? 



Tke Life of Muhammad 

Muhammad, and ■ 

stock between al-HajrJn 1 and Zamzam. 



That your brother Mt 
Is of that generous stc 
Obey him in truth ani 
And you will attain th 
A prophet who has rei 



You had an cxamnlc «i lladr, O Ourajsli, 

And at the crowded cistern 

The morning he attacked you with the Khazrajls, 

Helped by the Holy SpinV sj 






mhigh; 



al-Nadir aml the killing ol 



From God the Kind, the Most Kind, 
Documents studied among the believers 
In which he chose Ahmad the chosen 01 
So Ahmad became hunoured among us, 

Who came i ' 



(He who has n< 

dread.) 3 
And that yc 



f to fear from God is 



'b al-Ashraf w; 
The day that God saw his insolence 
When he turned aside like a retractory camel? 
And He sent down Gabriel with a gracious reve[ation 
To His servant about his killing. 
So the apostte secretly sent a messenger to him 
With a sharp cutting sword, 
Eyes wept copiously for Ka'b 



Tke Life of Muhammad 



For we arc not yct recovcred from wccping.' 

So he left them; then he said, 'Begone 

In submission and humiliation,' 

He sent al-Nadir to a distant exile, 

They having enjoyed a prosperous home 

To Adhri'St' riding pillion 

On every ulcerous worn-aut camel they had. 



ik the Jew 



■ 



Haply tir 



ill take revenge froo 



,d righteo 



For killing al-Nadtr and thcir conkderates 

And for cutting down the palms, their datcs ungathered. 

And every sharp sword that we have 
In the hand of a brave man who protects himself. 
When he meets his adversary he kills him. 
With the army is Sakhr J and his fellows. 
When he attacks he is no weakling 
Like a lion in Tarj* protecting hia covert, 
Lord of the thicket, crushing his prey, enormous. 
Ka'b b. Malik said on the same subject: 

The rabbis were disgraced through their treachery, 

Thus time's whecl turns rourtd. 

They had dcnied the mighty Lord 

Whose command is great. 

They had been given knowledge an 



Anda' 



er from God ca 



10 brought a book 
V< ih i li n i i HM verses. 

They said, 'You've brought no true thing 
And you are more worthy of God's disapproval s tl 
He said, 'Nay, but I've brought the truth, 

He who follows it will be rightly guided 



id when they imbil 



Tke Life of Muhammad 

;achery and tinbelief ' 



And av 

God showed the prophet a sound view, 

For God's decision is not false. 

He strengthcned him and gave him power 

And was his Helper, an eseellen: Hclper! 

Ka'b was ]eft prostrate there. 

After his fall Xadir was brought low. 



VI, 









Those Baou'1-Nadk were in evil case, 
The; v,ere destroyed for their crimes 

U -;l .. "rti: soirly as he looked at thrat. 
Ghassan the protectora were his helpers 
Against the enemies as he helped them, 
He said '(I offer) Peace, irae to you,' but thcy refu 
Ath: Hls ii::J deceit were their allies. 
They tasted the results of their deeds in misery, 
Every three of them shared one camel. 
They were driven out and made for Qaynuqa', 
Their palms and houses were abandoned. 
Sammak the Jew answered him: 

On a iiiL'1-i rhat maJc ;rll orbcrs seern short. 

I siiv\ ih:ir iill the rabbis rejected him, 

All of them men of knowledge and experience 

Who used to study every science 

Of which the Law and Psalms do speak. 

You killcd Kii'htr,L Lhietll! :hc ndjbis. 1 

He whose ward was always safe. 

Ik" L.iilii: l"-i:m:!: T i ■ \l.:h.~ii 

I i i i 1 11 ir- i mlU 1 1 igr 

Ilc Ji:M: hirn n his blijini |,x,k- 
-.iri:-:.i, was tlowing o'er his clothes. 
By your father and mine, 






The Life of Muhammad 
1-Nadir fell also. 
.v!th cuhurLS circling round th 



'Abbas b. MirdSs, bi 



Had the people of th 



ould have 



. laughter 






lll I show you \ 
Which have gone to Shapt an 
Large-eyet like ttu gaseiles of Tabala; 
Maidens that would bewitch one calmed by much truck wii h w omen 
When one seeking hospitality came they would say afonce 
With facea like gold, 'Doubly welcame! 
The good that you seek will no ' 






:d fear nc 






with m 






rofHuyayyb. Akhtab. ! 
Khawwat b. Jubayr, brother of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf, 
You weep bitterly over the Jewish dead and y( 



\\'hv dn \ou ihi; wccp ,)Vr iIil deail u Urayniq's vallcy 
\ | , t 1 „i „ ,l vitl sadiacc I ner uthir | 
When peace reigned lfkh a friend you rejected it. 
In religion an obstruction, in war a poltroon. 
You aimed at power for your people, seeking 
Someone similar that you might get gloiy and victory. 
WiHen you wanted to give praise you went 
To one whom to ptaise is fa!sel,ooil an.I shame. 
You got what you deserved and you did not nnd 
One among them to say Wclcome ro vou. 
Wh; did you ni,l praise pcijplc whtjn: kincrs 
Built up thcir standing from ancicnt famc, 
A tiihe llIii. hecaiiii kjiJL-s :,::. w. rc honoured? 
Nnnc sccking lijoil iu« evcr found hungry among thcm. 
Such are more worthy nf praisc than Jews ; 
In llierii you see proud glory Brrnly estabhshed. 



The Life of Muhammad 



You satirized the purest stock of thc two priests,' 
Yet you always enjoyed favours at their hands. 
"l\.tri' more i.lling that you should weep for them, 
Your people too if they paid thcir debt of gratitude. 



Wcep Ibr B. [Iarun and remember 
Hou they killed beasts for thc hunj 
Khsuv.ru, shcd tear after tear fo 

Abandon your injuntuis atc.cK iipo 

YlHJ WOlild ILtlt hjYC Stli<l LLTILLI V!!LI 

They were the first to perform nob 









On my life the mill of war 

After it had sent Lu'ayy rlying east and west 5 

I,|. ii n lln i i u i i I i tji il nt tli. I s pn. ls i.it 
Whkh once was great bccame feeble. 

3a*y» (lied a violent death 

lh: madt: hiiL . ; twas really h. 

sought), 
What he gained from his fuss was frustration, 6 

l.ike him who lc,tves thc pljin ;i;;;1 thc hL-Ichr distrcsscs 

*red war's (lery trial, 



Theywi 



id I. 'Auf, b. 



The L;fe of Muhammad 
And Ka'b chicf of the pcople died a disappoint. 
Away with B. Nadir and their like 
Wlnlhi r ihe result be victory or God (686).' 



After the attack otl B. al-Nadir the apostle stayed in Medina durmg 
Kahi'u-1-Milnt jiuI ptul »f 1iiiiij<1.-| '.'Kn hc .'Ji.! I Ntijd mak.ne for 15. 

■md n Tha'l a ba of Ghatahln (687), until he stoppcd at Nakhl. 663 

This was the raid of Dhatu'l-Riqa'. Thcrc a large forcv .4 . ,1, <t ■■ 1 

CHOtii.tcrcil. The two torces approached one another, but no hght.ng 
occurred, for eacb tcttrcd thc ...lier. Thc apostle led the prayer of fear; 

'' ' ' ' ' hL mm , j „ ,. A U -ikJ -1 T ■„, 

(T Muhammad b Ja'far b. al-7.ubavr and Muhammad b. Abdu I- J . 14! 
Bahman from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr from Abti Hurayra: We wcnt with thc 
apostle tr> Najd until at Dhatu'l-Riqa' hc met a number of Ghatafan, 
Therewasnoh,;!,.,, ■ 1 1 1 n vcrc afra.d f them. The prayer 

of fear came down 1 and he divided his compamons into lw 1 't S, ■ 1 

facing the enemy and the other behind the apostle. The apostle cried 
' Allah akbar ' and so did they all. Then fic bowed with those behtnd h.m, 
and he and tiiey prostrated themsclves. T,Yhen the; stuod erecl thcy >■ alkcd 
1 , 11 I 1 , the ranks of therr companions and thc others returned and 
prayed one bow. Thcn they stood erect and the apostle prayed onc T»w 

prayed rh^sccorid bow and all sat and the apostle united them with the 
t; rcc.ing.)M6S8) 
•■Amr b. 'Ubayd from al-Hasan from Jibir b. 'Abdullah told me that a 66, 
man ol H Muhanb called Ghaurath said to his peoph t (,hat»ia„ a 
Muharib, ■Sh.ll I ktl 1 >• ' ' nc.w.gedh.mtodo 

90 and asked him how he proposed to carry out h.s dcMgn. 1 1< «1.1 11..11 
he would take him by surprise; so he went to the apostlc as he was sitMg 
withmsswordinhislap.andaskedtobealiow J .0 ..I .1 (6hy) I 

. 11 tr, him and he drew it and began to brandtsh .. 1. '< .d,n R 
tostrike h,m but ( I ., 11 " ' Vr ' h * ' . 

Muhammad?' 'No, why should I be" ' \rti , „, I ' ' "• ' ' 

havc a swoitl in mv hand ?' 'No, God w.U protcct me from you. lt.cn 
returned the apostte's sword ... him. God sent dowu, O you who bei.cve 
remember God's favour to you when a people purposed to lay hands on 
tumed their hands away from you. Kear God and on God let 






told me that tl 



Wahb b. Kaysan from Jabir b. 'A1 
apostle to the raid of Dhitu'l-Riqa'of N 
On the way back thc conipany kept 
behind until the apostle overtook me a 



.khlon 



ih said: I went o 






. dropped farther 
;d me what the trouble was. 
k, and he told me to make it 
kneel. I did so and the apostle made his camel kneel and then said, 'Give 
nv: this stick 1011 nrc Ihi|J:,i_;' or 'Cut T.i a stick irntn a trec' llc took it 
1 1 I I I i I I 1 ] i IJ me to mount and 

off we went. By Him who sent him with the truth my (old) camel kept up 
with the rapid pace of his she-camcl. 

A.i ive wtc t.tlkini.', llis: apostle asked ine if 1 luiuld sell him mycamel. 
I said tli.lt I ilimkl iriM- him it hut he insi.ltd oii buYinL' it, :," I n-kp.i lnrri 
to make me an nfh-r. Hc said hc .•.uuld >.;ii, in. ;■ dirham. I refused and 
i+ said that would be cheating me. Then he otTered two dirhams and I still 
refused and the apostle went on raising his offer until it amoumed to an 
ounce (of gold). When I asked him if he was really satisBed he said that he 
was and I said the camcl was his. Then he asked me if I were married; 
then was she a virgin or a woman previously married ? I told bim she had 
heeu rnan iix| bctbre and he said, 'No girlsothat vn: could spurl t,i,;,:ili: [ ■" 
I inl.i hnn Ihiti nii liither had been killed at Uhud lcaving seven daughters 
i I [ i ii iii ii i I I i il i i i| 

He said, 'You have done well, if God will. Had we comc to Sirar 1 m 
would order camels to be slaughtcred and stay there for the day and she 
would hear about us and shakc the dust off her cushions.' I said, 'But by 
God we have no cushionsl' Ilt sai.l, 'Hut you « il 1 haic. \\ hcn you returii 
behaee wisely.' W hi-n tu go: i,i Sir.tr the apostle ordered the camels to be 
slaughtered and we stayed there for the day. At night the apostle went 
home and so did wc. I told the iiiniinn rlic nc-ns imd ivh.it thc .iposlli- ,ii,l 
saidtome. Shesail . il , i II,, , , I • II n ' !„,,._ , irn j ng 

1 led away the camel and made it kneel at the apostle's door. Then I sat 
inside the mosque hard by. He came out and saw il and asked whar it was, 
andtheytoldhimitwasthecamelwhichlhadbrought H, sk liihct I 
liasanj i ,., _.isimi7noiii-il li.hiin. I k Baid, I . ,: ,n ,.| ,v.\ lin.lhcr. takc iliYilY 
your caniel for it is irniri,' nrid Ite callcd Hil.il .ind tnkl hirn to gnc nic aii 
ounce of gold. He did so and added a httle morc. B) God i . iiiitni, , 
to thrive with me and its eiTect on our houaehold could be seen until it 
te which befell us, meaning thc Ja\ ot 



al-Harra. a 

[My uncle]* Sadaqa b. Yasar froi 

: ■ i .iiii ,. ■ 



'Aqil b. Jabir from Jabir b. 'Abdullah 



The Life o/ Muhammad 447 

al-Ansarl said : We went with the apostle Dn the raid of Dhitu'l-Riqa" of 
Nakhl and a man killed the wife of one of the polytheists. When the 665 
apostle was on his way back her husband, who had been away, returned 
and heard the news of her death. He swore that he would 1101 rcst until 
he had taken vengeance on Muhammad's companions, He iicnt oif tullira 
ing the track of tl , , , il, I , hen I ilt, kcd tiiai oint ,1 ' tilil 
keep watch during the night. A Muhajir and an Ansari voluiirc,-r«l ind li> 
told thein to stay in the mouth of the pass, tlle apostlc and liis coiiipaninns 
having halted lower down the pass (690). 

When the two had gone to take up their positions the Ansari asked the 
Muhajiri.w hether hc would prefer to watch for the first or the second part 
of the night. He said that he would like to be relieved of the iirst part and 
Iay down and weril 10 sictp, iihil,- the Ansari stood up to pray. The man 
who had been following then p , . , „ n_ 11 u the man on guard 

and :vc,, : ,,:ii:in g him for «hat hc was, shot him with an arrow. The guard 
pulled it out and iaid it down and remaincd standing. He shot him a 
second and a third time, and each time he pulled 01.1t tht- arrow and iaid it 
down. Then he bowed and prostrated himself. Only thcn did he wake his 
companioii, siiyine, 'Sit doiin, for I liinc lieen uoundcd.' But he leapt up, 
and uhen the man saw the tno of ihi-m in tnci, that ilny werc awarc of 
him and iled. When the Muhajiri saw the Ansari Boinng u-iili lilu.nl hc 
said 'Good gracious, why didn't you wakc me the hrst time you were hit ?' 
Hc replied, I nas reading a „7.,-, and I did not want to stop until I had 
"t. When the shooting continued I bowed in ,)ra>cr_nd wokc vou. 
:li ihi .ipostle had ordcred me to 
■uiJ hrcik ,:rf tny rcading until I 



By God, imless 

hold he could have kiiled m 

had hnishcdthe »«(691).' 

When the apostle came to Medina after this raid I 
rest of Jumada'1-ula, Jum_da'l-akhira, and Rajab. 



„1 :::,■ 



In Sha'ban he went forth to Badr to keep his app liniii: wi:i \hD Suli in 

and stopped there (692). 

He stayed thcrc for ciel-.t nights naiting lor Ahii Sufv.ui. Alui Snti.ni 
with thi, :inii ,.| M,- LC . ,,,,,1 a- f„,- .1 .Maiaiinii in thc arca of (T, Murr) 
al-Zahran. Some people say he rcached (T. passed through) '[. stai, : thcn 

he dectded to go |,.u - (. . 1 1 ], •!, ,■ ,1 , .„,'. „„ Wt ,, „ , . 

Then they could pasture the animals on the hc-rbagc and drink 

icreas this was a dry year. He ivas going to rcturn .111J lltey 
rith him. And so they did. The Meccans called them 'the 
'. saying Lhal tlu.-y mereli >icrit out to drink porridge.' 
ipostle was staying at Badr waiting for Abii Sufyan to keep 



their mill 
While 



44 8 The Life of Muhammad 

his appointment Makhshiy h. *Amr al-Damri, whn had madi n i i 

witb him concerning Fl Damra in the raid of Wadtlan, came to him and 
asked him if he had come to meet Quraysh by this watet. Hcsaid, 'Ycs, O 
brother of B. Damra ncicrth.lt i uu h t llt incel the arrange- 
ment hctween us and then nght you until God decide between us.' He 
answered, "No, by God, Muhammad, we do not want anything of the 
kind.' 



remaiin-d waiting fo; 
passed by. He had s 
iwiftly by andhesaid: 


, 1 , *}„ 


Ma'bad b. 


Ahu Ma'bad 
i as his she-car 


She fled from the two companies of Muhammad 
And a datestonc from Yathrib like a raisin stone 
Hastening in the ancient religion of her fathers. 
Shc made the water of Qudayd' my meeting-placc 


dlah b. Rawaha said c 


Micernmgthis: 


Cm): 




*ear if you had kept y 


i Sufyan at Eadr, 





We had left thcre the limbs of 'Utba and his son 
And 'Amr Abu Jahl we Mt lying there. 
You disobeyed God's apostk— disgusting your religioi 
Anil yrmr cvil state that's all astray. 
If you reproach mc I say 

My wealth and people be the apostlc's ransom! 
We obey him treating none among us as his equa!. 
He is our guiding light in thc darkness td thc nigbt. 
Hassan b. Thabit said concerning that: 

You can say good-bye to Syria's running streams, 



y.mto 



: swift ca 



s fe, t 



Li on our joiirneyings we meet Furat b. Hayyan 

He will becorne death's hostage. 

If we meet Qays b. Imru'u'l-Qays hereafter 

His black face will bccome blackcr still! 

Take Abu Sufyan a message from me 

For you are the best of a bad lot. 



Kadtl il , i i stuithyon 

V\ hcn \vf lett iiur lialling-place you would have thought it 

Dunged by the crowds at a fair. 

You stayed by the shallow well wanting us 

Our horses and camels walked on the crops 

And what they trod on they drove into the soft sand. 

We stopped three days hetween Saf and Fari' 2 

Wilh spl.udid steeds and swift camels. 

You would have thought Sghting people beside their tents 

Was as easy as buying lead for money. 

Don't describe your tine horses, but speak of them 

You rejoice in them, but that is the right of others, 
Thc horsemen of the sons of Fihr b. Milii. 
You have no part in the migration though you mention it 
ita religion (6o 4 ). 



Jn the hands of men who migrated to their I.ord, 

In the hands of His true helpers and the angcls too. 

If they go to the lowland of tbc sandy ialliv 

S,i ; to thcm: Ti ■ ■'■■"' 

We stayed by the shallow we!l eight nights 

With a large wcll-equipped forcc with many camels/ 

With every dark bay its middle half its size 



The apostle returned to Medina and stayed thcre some months until 
i| i I I ii i Pliis was the rourth year of his sojoum in Medina 

and the polytheists were in charge of the pilgrimage. Then he raided 
Diimatu'1-Jandal (695), 

Then hc returmsl, mit liaiing rcaclied thc place, without nghting, and 



atayed in Medina 



>i'lhi .: 



r 



9 This took place in Shawwal, A.H. 5. Yazld b. Rnimn, client of the family 
of al-Zuhayr b. 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr, and one whom I have no reason to 
suspect from 'Abdullah b. Ka'b b. Malik, and Muhammad b. Ka'b al- 
Qurazi, and al-ZuhrI, and 'Asim b. 'Umar h. Qatada, and 'Abdullah b. 
Abu Bakr and othEr traditionists of ours told me the fo!lawing narrative, 
each contributing a part of it: 

A number of Jews who had formed a party against the apostle, among 
whom were Sallam b. Ahu.'l-Huqayq al-Nadrl, and Huyayy b. Akhtab al- 
Nadrl and Kinana b. Abu'l-Huqayq al-Nadri, and Haudha b. Qays al- 
Wa'ili, and Abii 'Amrnar al-W5'ili with 2 number of B. al-Nadlr and B. 
Wa'il went to Quraysh at Mecca and invited them to join them in an attack 
on the apostle so that they might get rid of him altogether. Quraysh said, 
'Yau, O Jews, are the first scripture people and know tbe nature of our 
:. tt i.e best or is his V They replied 
that certainly their religion was better than his and they had a better claim 
to be in the right. (It was about them that God sent down, 'Have you not 

idols and false deities and say to those who disbelieve, These are more 
rightly guided than those who belieye ? These are they whom God hath 
cursed and he whom God has cursed you will nnd for him no helper 1 as 
far as His words, 'Or are theyjealous of men because af what God from 
His bounty has brought to them?' i.e. prophecy. 'We gave the famiiy of 
Abraham the scripture and wisdom and we gave them a grea 
some of them believed in it and some of them turned from it, and hell !S 
sufEcient for (their) buming,') 2 

These words rejoiced Quraysh and they responded gladly to their invita- 
tion to nght the apostle, and they assembled and made their preparations. 
Then that company of Jews went off to GhataBn of Qays 'Aylan and 

them and that Quraysh had followed their lead in the matter ; so they toc- 
jomed in with them (T. and agreed to what they suggested). 
o Quraysh marched under t) I ! , , I Sufyin b. Harb; and 

Ghatafan led b\ l • , 1 II 1 [ II , 1 I I i ih D. 1 1 1 I 

al-Harith b. 'Aul -,-i with B. Murra; and Mis'ar b. 

Rukhayla b. Nuwayra b. Tarit b. Suhma b. 'Abdullah b. HilJ 
b. Ashja' b. Rayth b. Ghatafan with those of his people from Ashja' who 
Mlowed him. 

Whentheapostleheardoftht-ii i .-. :,chabout Medina 

and worked at it himself encouraging the Muslims with the bope of reward 
in heaven. The M .„1 wtth him, but the disarTected 

held back from them and began to hide their real object by working slackly 
and by stealing away to their familiefi without the apostle's permission or 



The Life of Muhc 



knowledge. A Muslim who had to attend to an urgent 
the apostlc'! permission to go and would get it, and wl 
out his business he would return to the work he had : 
desire to do what was right and his rcspect for the sa 
down concerning those belicwrs ' ]iicv iinh an: iiu h-I 
id His apostle and when they are with him on a 






'.■lll.se 



isj; lhv ,:::. Trjis- 
if inri ask thy 
1011 wilt of thcm 



10 believe in God aiitl His iposllc 
permission in some businessof theirs, give li.ii :- in v.i 
and ask God's pardon for them. God is forgiving, merciful." This pass; 
came down concerning those M„»,iras who d...:-:::-, ,1 ihi -:„„.: :1 „j ,, , |: , c - 
it, and obeyed Gud and His apostle. 

isaffecled who were stealing away from the wt 



ut the prophet's | 



K of yo 

'■::■--- . 



.: stcal :i. 



ion, 'Do 1 



.11 ll.c VII 

nother. G. 

. Letthosewl 



befall them' (696). 'Verily to God belong heavet 

what you are doing' the man who speaks the truth and the man who 

'And (He knows) the day they will be returned to 

them what they did, for God knows aU things.' 

The Muslims worked at the trcnch until they had nnished it, and they 
made a i:i:gk- ah-nn „re „f tht Mushms calied Ju'.iyl whom the apostle 
had named 'Amr, saYmg, 



wili tell 



He changed hi 



a help to 



mJu'aylto 



When they came to the word 'Amr the apostlc said "Arnr', and when they 
came to 'help' he said 'help'.* 

I have heard some stories about the digging of the trench in which there 
is ian erample „1 1 , - . ....sili- ;,nd connrming his prophetic 

olticc, tl,u,a;s which the Muslims sawwith their eyes. Among thesestcrics 
isone that 1 have heard that Jabir b, 'Abdullah used to rciate: Wlirn thcj 
were wprking on the trcnch a large rock 
complaincd to the apostle. He called for some water and spat in if then 

nl+ r "S. U G u' d " ''^' hi "' '" P, / Iy ; ' hcn he s P rinkled tl« ">t« «" the 
I a prophet with 



as pulyeriaed as th 






told me that he was told that a daughter of Bashlr b 
lan b. Bashlr, ssid: 'My mother 'Amra d. Rawaha 
a handful of dates which she put in my garment an 
to my father and my uncle 'Abdulhh b. Rawiha fo: 



452 



The Life of Muhammad 



„,„ 5 ,'or them I passed the apostle who called me 
■„ hat I had. When I told h.m that 1 was tak.ng the dates to 
my father anj mv unclc hc tol.l m. to givc them »hm.S>)I poured 
them into his hands but they did not fill them. Then he called for a gar- 
ment which was laid out for him and threw the dates upon it so that they 
were scattered on it. Then he told the men to summon the d.ggers to 
lunch, and when they came they bcgan to eat and 

ing untii they turned away from them and they were st.ll fallmg from the 
ends of the garment.' , . 

On the same authority I was told: We worked w,th the apostle a the 
trench Now I had a little ewe not fully fattcned and 1 thought it would be 
„ „nnd rnimr to dress it for the apostle, so I tol.l mv ■■ 



, en ch-foVwe used to work at it all day and go home m the ^en.ng-I 
,ld him that we had prepared brcad and mutton for h.m and that I should 
ke him to come with me to my house. It was on.y he tha, I wanted; but 



he and 



.id, 'To God we belong and to Him w= retum! Howeve, 



ad he blessed it a. 












L „1 ■:;„.. overit. Thenhe 

finished another lot came unt.l 

3 the diggers turned from it. . . . . - 

I was told that Salman al-FarisI said: I was work.ng w,th a ptck ,n the 

trenchwherear.nl mc m "hi I >■ I ' " ' ' J 

hand saw me hacking and saw how diffict.lt the placc was. He dropped 

down into thc treod ' E™h my hand and gave such a 

blow that bghtning showed bencath the pick. This happened a second and 

a th,rd time. I said: 'O you, dearer than tather or mcther, w hat >s the 

s light beneath your p.ck as you stnke > He sa,d U.d you 

: Il ,: 6 econdSyriaandthewest;andtheth.rdtheeast. One 
whom I do not suspect told me that Abu Hurayra used l tc . say when these 
countries were conouered in the timc of 'Umar and l.thman and a er, 
Xonquer where you will, by God, you have not conquercd mdh to*. 
resurrection day you will not conquer a city whose keys God had not g,ven 
, , 1 n 1 Muhammad ' 
When the apostle had rmishcd thc trench, tjuraysh cameand ™airrpM 
where the torrent-beds of Ruma meet betwct-:: 

ten thousand of their btaci mercenarics and the.r follow'ers from B. Kmans 
and the people of Tihama. Ghatafan too came with the.r tollowers irom 
Najd and halted ., Dhanah Naq , . , , ' •» » r Uhud. Th 

apostlc and the Muslims came out with three thousand men havmg Sa rt 
their backs. He pitched his camp there with the trench Detween 



to the forh 



The Life of MiAommo 
:ordersthatthewomenan 



. .■ b. Akhtab al-Nadrl went out to Ka'b b. Asad 
al-Qurazi who had made a treaty with thc apostie. When KliIi hciird of 
iuyn - ir ' icit ,1 . 1 . ii i. i . ii i i I d 

permission to enter he refused to sce him, saying that he was a man of ill 
omen and that he h,msclf was in treaty with Muhammad am! ditl ii.it intend 
to go back on his word because he had always found him loyal and faithful. 
q 1, r 1) I t huttmg him out because he was unwilling to 

lethimeat hiscon,. This so enragcd himrhat beopened iiis door. liesaitl, 

.>.; 1 :.>:lvii^, l\:i'i. I liave bfDUghf you immortal fame and a great 

army. 1 have come with Ouraysi. v.ith their k-:.ih:i-? :itul chiefs wliicli 1 
havc hailcd whcrc th, turrent -beds of Rilma meet; and Ghataian with 
their leaders and chiefs which I have halted in Dhanab Naqma towards 
Uhud. They have made a f.rm agreement and promiscd mc thnt they v..ll 
not >l.-,..Lr: uLLtil ■■>>■ !:.ivl.- ni.iilt: au enti uf MuhaniniiiJ ant! llis mcn." Kt. r b 
said: 'By God, you have brought me immortal shame and an empty cloud 
which has shed its water vvhile it thunders and lightens with nolhing in it. 
Woe to you Huyayy leave mc (T. and Muhammad) as I am, for I have 
always found him loyal and faithful.' Huyayy kept on wheedling Ka'b until 
at last he gave way in giving him a solemn promise that if Ouraysh and 
Ghatafan returned without hs 



■ ■ 






le bond that waa between him and the apostle. 
When the apostle and the Muslims heard of this the apostlc sent Sa'd b. 
Mu'adh b. al-Nu'man who was chief of Aus at the time, and Sa'd b. 6 
'Ubada b. Dulaym, one of B. Sa'ida b. Ka'b b. Khazraj, chief of al-Khazraj 
at the time, together with 'Abdullah b. Rawaha brother of B. al-Harith b. 
al-Khazraj, and Khawwat b. Jubayr brother of B. 'Amr b, "Auf, and told 



them to go and see v 



, 'Tfiti 



people's conhdencc; and if they are loyal tn llitu igmmnt ^p, jk o> 
openly before the peoplc' Thcy went forth and found the aituation eve 
more deplorable than they had heard ; they spoke disparagingly of th 
apostle, saying, ' Who is the apostle of God ? We have no agreement c 
undertaking with Muhammad. >a'd li. Mi/atll- rcciled them and the 
i of hasty temper and Sa'd b. 'Ubada said t 



':-: - 






id after 



al-Qara' i.e. (It is) like the treachery of 'Adal and 
al-Qara towardn the men of al-RajI', Khubayb and his friends.* The 
apostle said ' Allah akbar ! Be of good cheer, you Muslims.' 
The situation became serious and fear was everywhere. The enemy came 



iyahr brother o 
wc should eat 



Thi Life of Muhammad 
ad below until thc believers imagined vain tl 

IV .nni.ngthi disalhclci: m tin: (1:111:1 1:1:1: \Iu'i 






■Muhai 



of Chosroes and Caesar and today not one 
01 us can reel sate m gomg to thc pricyi (698). It reiu hs-ii sndi apuint tliat 
Aus b. Qayzi, one of B. Haritha b. al-Harith, said to the apostle, 'Our 

iiouscs arc cicposed to the enemy' — this be --.11 J 1 ' 1 1 1 

his people— 'so let us go out and retum to our home, for it is outside 

6 Mcdina.' The apostle and thc polytheists rcniaiiic! lccs-niy n.ic- cincl ::, irc. 

When conditions pressed hard upon the people the apostle— according 

1 Ooiri Iulia 1 ,1 Mcili.l l lydullah b. Shihab al-Zuhri— sent 
to 'Uyayna b. Hisn b. Hodiiayia !,. IJ.cdr «nci 10 .iM Ijrith b. 'Auf b. Abi 
Haritha al-Murrl who were leadera of Ghatafan and offered them a third 
of the dates of Medina on condition that they would go back with their 
followers and leave him and his men, so peace was made between them so 
far as the writing of a document. It was not signed and was not a delinite 
peace, merely peace negotiations (T. and they did so). When the apostle 









id asked th 

a thing you want us to do, or something God has 
WC must carry out? or is it something you are 
t is something I am doing for your sake. By God. 
not that I have seen the Arabs have shut at you 
*red against you frcm ecery sitlc ancl I cvant to 
inst vou! Sa'd b. MuSdh said: 'We and these 

-, to Islam and 



polytheists and idolaters, not sen mcr ! ioci 1101 
ver hoped to eat a single date (T. of ours) ence 
:, Now. ::ftc l r Gcicl has honoured and guided u: 
us by yau, arc we to give tbem our property : 



. We iv 



>e them nothing bi 



tln- I 



::r.i „i:::l 



ae apostlc saicl : 'i"cm sliall liicc ic so.' Sa'd took thc paper 
and erased what was written, saying. 'l.c-c Ihcm ri; thc-i: r.iiict uciainst us 1 ' 
I lii ^ v I 1 1 I rl 11 I o II 1 11 ncii :::' 

Quraysh, among whom were 'Amr b. 'Abdu Wudd b. Abu Qays (699) 
brother of B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy; "lccima b. Ahij hiht; Hubayra b. Abu 
Wahb, bothofMakhzflm Dircr ' I '1 11 I ll \ iu i bt nii r 

of B. Muhlrib h. 1 • amd m nt lortli on horseback 

to the stations of B. Klnana, saying, 'Prepare for nghting and then you will 
know who are true knights toclay.' Tiiry siciihipcc; lorward untii they 
stopped at the trench. When they saw it they exclaimed, 'This is a device 
which the Arabs have never employed!' (700). 

Thcn they made for a narrow part of the crench and beat their horses 



en the tre 



The Life of Muhammad 






berestof)tb 



to hoid th, 



rYudd had 



gap through which they had fo: 

fought at Badr until he was disabled by wounds, and so 
Uhud. At the battle of the Trench hc came out weari: 

lenged anyone to nght him. 'Ali accepted the challenge and said to him: 
''Amr, you swore by God that if any man of Quraysh offered you two 
alternatives you would accept one of them ?' ' Yes, I did,' he said. 'Ali 
replied, 'Then I invite you to God and His apostle and to Islam,' He said 
that he had no use for them, 'Alt went on, 'Then I call on you to dis- 
mount.' Hereplied, 'Osonof mybrother, I do not want to kill you.' 'Ali 
aaid, 'But I want to kill you.' This so enraged 'Amr that he got off his 678 
horse and hamstrung it and (T- or) beat its face j then he advanced on 'Alr, 
and they fought, the one circluig round the other. 'Ali killed him and their 
cavalry fled, bursting headlong in ilight across the trench. 

[*When Amr issued his challenge to single combat 'All got up clad in I.S.N. 
armour and asked tht praphet's permission to nght him, but he told him 6 * 
to sit down, for it was 'Arnr. Then 'Amr repeated his challenge taunting 
them and saying, 'Where is your garden of which you say that those you 
lose in battle wtll enter it ? Can't you send a m»n to fight me ?' Again 'Ali 

down. Thcn 'Amr called out the third time : 






I've bec 


ome hoarse irt 


im shauting. 


Isn't th. 


:re one among 


the Iot of you w 


I've stos 


)d herc like a lijchi 


Wluletl 


le so-called bri 




l've alw 




) the front 


Before the nght begins 










The best qualities of a 


wsrrior. 


'All asked 


the prophet's | 


Dermissiontoiig: 


id he Iet ht 


tii go. Hemar 


ched towarda hir 




Don't be in a 


hurry. No wea! 



Through the hlow of a 1 



45« 




Tht Life 


of Muhammad 


one of your uncles who 


Is older th 


an you, my nephew, 


shed your blot 


,J.' 'Ali 


answered, ' 


But I do want to sh( 








which Hashcd like fii 




i said that he was n 


lounted). 'Alisaidt 


right you when you are 


»o.it«K- Dismount and bc < 












lich cut d< 








s head. Bu 




baae of the ne 






ground. The dust r 


heard the cry, 


'Allah Akbar' and 1 


cnew that 'Ali had k 



ledhim. [Suhayli 

t, ipped him of his armour, for it was the bcst thlt could be 
found among the Arabs. He answered: 'When I had struck him down he 
turned his private parts towards me and t fe]t ashamed to despoil him and 
moreover he had said that he did not want to shed my blood because my 
fatherw aS afriendofhis.']' 
-6 [T- With 'Amr were killed two men, Munabbih b. 'Uthman b. 'Ubayd 
b. al-Sabbaq b. 'Abdu']-Dar who was hit by an arrow and died in Mecca; 
and of B. Makhium Kaufal b. 'Abdullah b. al-Mughira who had stormed 
the trench and rolled down into it and they stoned him. He caHed out, 'O 
Arabs, Dearh is better than this,' so 'Ali went down to him and dispatched 
|„, ] \[, i, ,.,,,,,,- „ , - bod> and asked the aposrle to let 



!. He told them that he had n 
price they would fetch, anJ lt was their arTair; and he lc 
hand.] 

'Ali said concerning that: 

In his Mly be fought for the stone pillars 2 

While I fougbt for the Lord of Muhammad rightly. 

I rejoked when I Ieft him prone 






Though had 1 been the vanquished he would hav 
Do not imagine, you confederates, that God 
WiU desert His religion and His prophet (7or). 



The Life of Muhammad 



so Ilassln I 



Perhaps, 'Ikrima, you have not donc such .1 ihtng bcibre ? 
As you turncd your back you ran like an ostrich 
Turning neither to right nor left. 

The back ui >,„ji neck ivr.s iik, ;. young hyaena's 1702). 
Abii Layll 'Abdullah b. Sahl b. 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. Sahl al-AnsarT, 
brother of B. Haritha, told me that 'A'isha was in the fort of B. Haritha on 
that day. It was one of the strongest forts of Medina. The morhcr of Sa'd 
b. Mu'adh was '■• ith ber 'A'isha said: 'This was before the veil had been 

whole of bis forearm was eisposed. He hurried along carrying a lance, 6' 
saying the while, 

Wait a little! Let Hamal' see the nght. 

What matters death when the time is right ? 



Hisi 



,",forIwasafraid 



what 'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatac:;. Qaj» b. al-'Ariqa, 2 

one of B. 'Amir b. Luayy. When he hit him he said, ' 'Take that from me, 
the son of aI-'Ariqa," a Sa'd said to him, "May God make your face sweat 
(Waij) in hell. O God, if the war with Quraysh is to be prolonged spare 



lesire upon B. Qurayza." ' 

n 'Abdullah h. K;,':, h \\V\i 



O Tkrima, why did you blame me when you said 
Khalid be your ransom br the forts of Medina? 
Am 1 not he who innicted a bloody wound on Sa'd ? 
Tlic , c-in where the elbow bends gushed with his blood. 

And the high-breasted virgins made loud lamentation, 



And others made off in their terror.' 
God knows best about that' {703). 
„ YahyS h. 'AhbJd b. 'Abdullah b. aI-Zubayr from hia father 'Abbad told 
me as fr>lW: Saflya d, 'Abdu'1-Muttalib was in Fari', the fort of Hassan 
b. Thabit. She said: 'Hassan was with us there with the womcn and 
children, when a Jew came along and began to go round the fort. The B. 
Qurayza had gone to war and cut our communications with the apostle, 
and there was no one to prntect us while the apostle and the Muslims were 
a: thc cncmy's throats unable to leavc thcm to corne to us if anyone tumed 
up. I told Hassan that he could see this Jew going round the fon and I 
fcared that he 



'■cln m 



ir while the apostle a 






inions were Ux> 
"God forgive you," he said. 
t to do that." When he said 
him 1 gurd 



that and I saw that no help was 

and took a club, and went dow 

with the club until I killed him. This done I went back to the fnrt and told 

Hassan to go down ;»i irip i j ,1 I ■ jiot do it myself because he was 

As God has described,' 1 the apostle and his co 
and difficulty when the enemy came on them from aDOVe ana Deio 
Nu'aym b. Mas'fld b. 'Amir b. Unayf b. Tha'laba b. Qunfud b. 

Ashja" b. Rayth b. Ghatafan came to thc apostk saying th 
had become a Muslim though his own people did not know of it, ar, 
1 him give him what orders he would. The apostle said: 'You are onb 
man among us, so go and awake rhstrust among the enemy to draw 
off us if you can, for war is deceit.' Thereupon Nuaym went 
Qurayza with whom he had bcen a boon companion in heathen nays, ano. 
reminded them of his affection for them an<i ■■!' the spccial tit Iwtwccn 
them. When they admitted that they did not suspect him he said : ' Quraysh 
and Ghatafan are nol !■!:■_ yt»u : Ihe limt! Is your land, yo 



l-Muttalib."' 
' linfear 



it off to B. 



r children 
else. Now Quraysh and ( 



ot leave it and go 



The Lijeoj M 
wives are not herc, so they are 









30 if you are left alone. So d, 
you take hostages from their chiefs 
ity that they will fight Muhammad 
.' The Jews said that this was exc» 






Then he went to Quraysh and said to Abu Sufyan b. Harb and his 
company : ' You know my affection for you and that I have left Muhammad. 
Nowlhayeht-ar.l ,i »1 my duty tn tell you of by way 

of waming, but regard it as conndential." When they said that they would, 
he continued: 'Mark my words, tlie Jcws have regretted their action in 
opposing Muhammad and have sent to tell him so, saying: "Would you 
like us to get hold of some chiefs of the two tribes Quraysh and Gha!afan 
and hand them over to you ao that you can cut their heads off ? Then we 
can join you in exterminating the rest of them.' He has sent word back to 
accept their offer ; so if the Jews send 10 you to demand hostages, don't 
send them a single man.' 

Then he went to Ghataf5n and said: You are my stock and my family, 

They agreed that he was above suspicion and so he told the same story as 61 
he had told Quraysh. 

On the night of the sabbath of Shawwal A.H. 5 it came about by God's 
action on behalf of His apostle that Abu Sufyan and the chiefs of Ghatafan 
sent 'Ikrlma b. Abii Jahl to B. Qurayza with some of their number saying 
th'at they had no permanent camp, that the horses and camels were dying ; 
therefore they must make ready for battle and make an end 1 " " " ' 
once and for 'all. They replied that it was the sabhath, a day 
did nothing, and it was well known what had happened to 
people who had wolated the sabbath. 'Morcover We WJH not 
mad alortg with you until you give us hostages 
security until we make an end of Muhammad; : 
battle goes against you and you suffer heavily you win wiiutua,, » »»» ™ 

face him alone.' When the messengers returnetl with thcir reply Quraysh 
and Ghatafan said (T. Now you know) that what Nu'aym told you is the 
tmth ; so send to B. Qurayza that wc will not give them a single man, alld 
if they want to nght let them come out and nght. Having received this 
message B. Qurayza said: ' What Nu'aym told you is the truth. The people 
are bent on hghting and if they get an opportunity they wi II take advantage 
" ot they wiU withc 



>r we fear that if the 






with them 









« fight 



,; dlH.ii: 



d Hudhayfa b 



at night. 



ll-Yamin i 






... b. Ziyid told me from Muhammad b. Ka'b b. aI-Qurajji: A man 
of Ktiia saitl to Huiiliayta, 'Dit! «jj rcilly sct: tl.t - ajiostle and were you his 
companion >' Whcn Iil i cpli cd 1 1 :,, i-c aske j what they used to do, and he 
said that they used to live a hard life. He said, 'Ey God, if we had lived in 
his day we would not have allowed him to set foot on the ground, but 
would have carried him on our shoulders.' Hudhayfa said, 'I can see us 
withtheapostle.it tl I i ' | i ; . tl lor a part of the night and then 

turncd to us and saitl. "Wliu ,1 ill gcl up jntl si i :'nr us what the army is 
doing and then rcturn- thc apostie stipubting that hc sltouid rcti.m- 1 
will ask God that he shall be my companion in paradise." Not 8 singlc man 
got up because of his great fear, hunger, and the severe cold. Whcn no one 
got up the apostle called me, and I had to get up when he called me. He 
told me to go and see what the army was doing and not to do anything 
else 1 until f returned to him. So [ went out and mingled with the ar: 






r pot, nor nre, 
, "O Ouraysh, let e\ 
iofthemanwhowas 



t standing nrm. Abu Sufyln got up 



n, sidca 



said So-and-so. 

'Then Abii Sufyan said: "O Quraysh, we are not in a permanent can 
thc horscs and camels are dying ; the B. Qurayza have brokcn their worc 
us and we have heard disquietmg reports of them. You can see 
violence of the wind which li -I -pots, nor fire, 

tents to count on. Be off, for I am going!" Then he went to his cai 
which was hobbled, mounted tt, and beat it so that it got up on its th 
legs; by God its hobble was not freed until it was standing. 1 Were it 
that the apostle had cnjoincd mc not to do anytliing else until I returnet 

•I returned to the apostle as he was standing praying in a wrapper 
684 longing to one of his wives (704). When he saw tne he made me comt 
to sit at his fect and threw the end of the wrapper over me ; then he bov 
and prostrated whik I was in it (T. And f disturbed hiinj Whcn hc i 
nnislied I toltl him the ncws. When Ghatafan heard of what Quraysh I 
done they broke up and returned to thcir own country.' 

In the mDrning the apostle and the Muslims left the ttench and retun 
to Medina, laying their arms aside. 



:ame to the apostlc v 
■ithasaddlecovered 
i abandoned nghting 



thc a 






'God 






Quray?^ I am ahout to go to them to shake their stronghold.' 

The prophct ordered it to be announccd that none should petform the 
afternt>on prayer until after he reached B. Quray?a ( 7 oj). The apostle 
aent 'Ali forward with his banner and the mcn hastcned to it. 'Ali advanced 
until whcn he came ncar the forts he heard insulting language used of the 
apustlc. Hc retiirnc! to rr.ee t thc apostle on the road and told him that it 
was not necessary for him to come near those rascals. The apostle s 



'Why? 1 think you must have heard thcm speating ill nf 



■Attt» 






.1 tilis :n 



13(706). Them 



jt having prayed the 



upon you?' They replied, '0 Abu'l-Qasim, you are not a barbarous 

^Tne apostle passed by 3. number of his companions in al-Saurayn before 
I , ! ( 1 1 . I 1 II I 

that Dihya b. Kha ' " [ak Wlth a sadd,e 

cocered' with a piccc of hrocade. He said, 'Th 

sent to B. Qurayza to shake their ci 

When the apostle came to B. Qi 
near their property called The Wel 
Some of them came after the last eve.mt B p.-j^ 

afternoon praycr because thc apns.lc li.id mi.l liicni :i"t tu 011 sti uin.i iie 
EDt to B. Qurayza. Thcy had been much occupied with warlikc prepara 
tions and thcy reruscd topray until they came to B. Qur.. V .i .. 1 .or.l..n. 
with his instructions and thcy prayed tlie afternoon prayer there after thc 
Iast ecening prayer. God did not blame them for that in His book, nor did 
the apostle reproach them. My father Ishat) b. Yasar told me this tradition 
from Ma'bad h. Malik al-Ansari. 

The apostle besieged them lor tiu. ntv-tivt nigliis until they wcrc sore 
prcss L utuidGtiticastterrorintotheirhearts. 

H 1 U I il ' III 

Quraysh'andGhatafanhadwithdfawnandk.trt , 1 r 1 
Ka'!i'h. A.-jJ iuit: v. Ii.-u llici lclt snrt tlur lln- api.stle i.ould unt lcacc 
them until he had madc an end of them Ka'b b. Asad said to them: O 
Jews you can seewhat has happened to you; I offer you threc alt..ini:ilivcs. 
Takewhich you please.' (i) We will follow this man tntl ic, P . I n s 
true, for by God it has hecome plain to you that he is a prophet who has 






462 The Lije of Muhamma 

II .1 Vu'wiUne 
.6 it for another.' He said, 'Then it you vvon't accept this suggestion (ii) lei 
us kill our wives and children and send men with their swords drawn tt 
Muhammad and his eompanions leaving no encumbratices behind us, unti 
God decides between us and Muhammad. If we perish, wc perish, and wc 
shall not leavc childrcn behind us to causc us anxiety. lf we conquer wc 
; :i::i aaimrc i>ttn:r v.]vvs aud rtnl, :■>■;:..' 7luv saiii, Stioiild we kill thesi 
p,,:n onut.iics r What would be the good of life when ttie) v.cn- ,lvad - 
He said, 'Then if you will not aceept this suggestion (iii) tonight is the ev< 

i 11 1 11 I I I 1 \ II I I l , i 1 , T 1 

will fecl secure from us then, so come down, perh.nis wv ran takc Muhiirt,- 
mad and his cumii n 1 ir| 1 \ il I ■ < ,,l to profane oui 

' sabbath Wf - 



1. rii.l a, 



■red, 'Not 



er passed a night resolved to 
iu Lubaba b. 'Abdu'1- 



mthedayofyour 
do wliat he knows ought to be do 

Then they sent to the aposrle saviiiv', 'Scml i;s 
Mundhir, brother of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf (for they m 
we may consult him.' So the apostle sent him to them, and when they saw 
hini chcv got tiii 10 in.a r iiirn. The womcn and cluldren went up to him 
wceping in liis f;tce. and he felt sorry for them. They said, 'Oh AbO 
Lubaba, doyou think that wcshould subncr 1. 

Hcsa:d,'Yvs,'andpri]iitecl v.ith hishand to his throat, sigiiifvinirsiatigtiii-r. 
Al.ii I.ubiiba said, 'My feet had not movcd from the spm beturc l kncw 
that I had been 1 i l i 1 I | I ir ii 1 t ti 1 1 I 

r.nt iv. to rlic apnsrtc l..:i boun.i hirn-c.t to uric ol thc piilnrs in the mosqiic 
sayiiig, "I wiEl not tc,ive this place until God forgives me for wiiat I havc 
done,' and he promised God that he would never go to li. Qnray/.a aml 
would never be seen in a town in which he had betrayed G.nl a.ul His 
apostle (707). 
!7 When the aposll,- hcant ihr.iii K.a. :,,. ].,■ ],a,] Inaa, waiting for him a 
Iong time, he said, 'If he had come to me I would havL ,1 l.' • gi r. , 
f.ir tiiiit, bnt sceing that he behaved as he did 1 will not lct liirn ■,.... iioin [ns 
place until God forgives him.' Yazid b. 'Abdullah b. Qusayt tokl me ih.it 
■.:..! forgiveness of Ahil i .uhjba came to the apostle at dawn while he was 
1 ti 1 fLmmSal.il I ] 1 , |, r I i, 1 

and I said: 'Why did you laugh? May God make you laugh!' He replied, 
'Abu LubJba has been forgiven.' She said, 'Cannot I give hlm the good 
neus" ami when lic saul tliat shc coulrl slie went and stood at the door of 



said, 'O Al 









The Lije 0/ Muhammad 
re apostle passed him when 
ee( 7 o8). 






Tha'laba b. Sa'ya, Usayd his brother, and Asad b. 'Ubayd of B. Hadl 
who were not related to B. Quray?.a or B. al-Nadir (their pedigree is far 

il ! . 1 .. -1., 1 1111 the night on which B. Qurayza surrendered to 

the apostIe's judgement. 

On that night 'Amr b. Su'da akQurazi went out and passed the apostle's 
guards commanded that night by Muhammad b. Maslama wbi chalteoged 
him. Now 'Amr had refuscd to join B. Quray?a in their treachery towarda 
the ap:>siic. saying, 'I will niwcr bchaie irc;.,:i.cruusly towards Muham- t,. 
mad.' When Muhammad b. Maslama recognized him he said,"0 God, do 
not deprive me (of the honour) of setting right the. errors of thc noble' and 
let him go his way. He went as far as the door of the apostle's mosque' in 
Medina that night ; then he vanished, and it is not known to this day where 
he went. Whcn the apostlc was told he said, 'That is a man whom God 
delivered because of his faithfulness.' Some people allege that he was 
bound witharottenrope alont: Qurayza when tbey 

aubmitted to the apostle's judgement, and his old rope was found cast away 
none knowing whither he went and the apostle then said those words. God 
knows what really happened. 

In the morning they submitted To the apostle's judgement and al-Aus 
leapt up and said, '0 Apostle, they are our allies, not allies of Khazraj, and 
you know how you recently treated the allies of our brethren.' Now the 
apostle had besieged B. Qaynuqa' who were allies of al-Khazraj and when 
they submitted to his judgement 'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul had asked 
him for them and he gave them to him ; so when al-Aus spoke trms the 
apostle said : ' Will you be satisned, O Aus, if one of your own number 
pronounces judgement on them ?' When they agreed he said that Sa'd b. 
Mu'5.dh wa3 the man. The apostle had put Sa'd in a tent belonging to a 
woman of Aslam called Rurayda inside his mosque. She used to nurse the 
wounded and see to those Muslims who needed care. The apostle had told 
his people when Sa*d had been wounded by an arrow at the battle of the 
Ttench to put him in Rufayda' hini later. When 

the aposde appointed hun ump. Otirayga, liis pcoplc 

came to him and mounted him on a donkey on which they had put a 
leather cushian, he being a corpulerct man. As they brought him to the 
apostle they said, 'Deal kindly with your friends, for the apostle has made 
you umpire for that very purpose.' Whcn they persisted he said, 'The time 6! 

Some of his people who were there went back to the quarter of B. 'Abdu'l- 
Ashhal and actnounced to them the death of B. Qurayza before Sa'tl got to 
them, because of what they had heard him say, 

When Sa'd reached the apostle and the Muslcrns the apostle told them 
to get up to greet their leader. The muhajirs of Quraysh thought that the 



464 TkeLi/ect 1/ awnuhi 

apristU! m^iru the Ansar, whilc thc tettcr thought that ht nrurant evLTYoru>, 
so they got up and said 'O Abii' Anir, i'k- ;i;,n:--ilr h:is ti.irusrci.i to ynn the 
affair of your allies that you may give judgement concerning thcm.' Sa'd 
asked, 'Do you covenant bv Allah that you acccpt thc jud^cmuni I nro- 
nnun',' iin tlu rn : ' Thty said Ycs. and hc said, l And is lt mcumbent on thc 

him out of respect, and the apostle answered Yes. Sa'd said, 'Then I gwe 
judgcment that the mcn should bc killcd, thc property di\id;-d r ami thc 
women and children tak^n as captives/ 

'Asimb 'l'uorb.O:irriJj mld mi- tVoni ' U>dii1-R;H_imInb. 'Amrb. Sa'd 
b. MuMdh ttoin 'A.lqam;i h. Wn^uas al-Laythi that the apostie said to 
Sa'd, 'You have given the judgement of Allah ahrne the seven heavens J 
(7°9)- 

Then they surrendcred, and the apostle conrined ihem in Mcdiiw in tlit 

quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went 

out to the market of Medina (which ia still i.ts ntttrkct todav) and dug 

10 trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck orT their heads in those 

cnem, of Allal, I.tuyayy b. Akhtab and Ka'b b. Asad their chief. There 






urn? ByAll 
d of them, 



1. Her 
is dcathi' Tliia wi 



lVi]l yc 



are taken away d 
the apastle made a 

Htryayy was broiight otit wcaring a dnwercd robe (710) in wtncn hc naa 
madc holcs about tt» auie of the fing< 1 ttpa in ev«y part so that it should 
not be taken from him as spoil, 1 with his hands botmd to his ncck In a ropc. 
When !ic s:tv. tiic apostle he stiid, 'By Gtid, 1 ttti ntit bi.tmi' inysclt for 
ojiposing ytuj, iii.il lie wlio tiirsakes God will be forsaken." 



J, 'God's 1 



isright. 
.11 against thc Sons of Israel.' Then 



Jaba! b. Jawwal al-Tha'labi said: 






Muhammad b. Ja'far b 
'A'isha said;'Onlyone o 



ilril ilillis. it 



iaughing immoderately as 



Tke Life of Muhcm 






her name. 'Good h 
killed,' 1 












'What lorr' 1 askcd. 'Hecause of somcthing I did,' 
wastakenavav n I l 1.,] . sha used to say, T 
1 I. ic"t 1 v , in I 1 ir I, gin r rits and her loud laughter 691 
he kncw that she would be killed' (711). 
jhihab al-Zuhri told me that Thabit b. Qavs b. al-Shammas had 
al-Zabir b. Bata al-Qurazi who was Ahu 'Abdu"l-Rahman. AJ- 
ad spared Thabit during the pagan era. One of al-Zabir's stms ttiltl 
i spared liiin oii the day of Bu'ath, having captured him 
:k and then let him go. I 
then an old man) and asked him if he knew him, to wliicli Itc answcrcd. 
'Wnuld a man like me not recognize a man like you ?' He said, T want to 
repay you for your service to me.' Hc said, 'The noble repays the noble.' 
Thabit went to the apostle and told him that al-Zabir had sparcd his life 
and he wanted 10 rcpay liim liir it. tiri,] thc apnstlc said tlittl his Iife would 

be spared. When h< nn 1 anil tnh lnm that the apostle had spared 

his liti: Ite said, ' What docs an old man without family and without children 

him his wife and children. When he told him he said, How can a 
hotiKcbold inthe 1 1 jat' liw uithout jimperly " Thnbit secured the apostle's 



is prtiricrl, wti.iiti b<- rc-sttnccl ar 



h tht • 



: of iiini 



ts like r. 






Ka'b b. Asad?' 'Killed,' he said. 'And what of the prince of the Desei 
and the Sown, rjuyayy b. Akhtab?' 'Killed,' 'And what of ourvanguar 
when we attacked and our rearguard when we Aed (T. returned to th 
charge), 'Azzal b. Samaw'alr' 'Killed.' 'And what of the two assemblies 
meaning B. Ka'b b, Qurayf» and B. 'Amr b. Qurayza. 'Kiilcd. Uesart 
'Then I ask of you, ThSbit, by my claim on you that you join me wit 

my peoplc, for life holds no joj t 11 1 1 , .„] and I cannot bea 

to wait another moment 1 to meet my loved ones.' So Thabit went up t 

When Abu Bakr heard of his words 'until I meet my loved ones' hc saic 
(Thabit b. Qays said concerning that, mentioning al-Zabir b. Bata: 
My obhgation is ended ; I was noble and persistent 
When others swerved from steadfastness. 
Zablr had a greater claim than any man on me 
And when his wrists were bound with cords 
I went to the apostle that I might free him. 
The apostle was a very sea of generosity to us.) 






lehadordcrcd lliat tit-r; a.i 



ld be killed. 



d they foui 



iothcy 



Ayyub b. 'Abduu'1-Rahman b. 'Abdullah b. Abtj Sa'sa'a brother of B. 

-.ir loIdmethatSalmld. Qays, mother of al-IMiiii.ilur sist.-i 

of Sallt h. Qays — she was Dne of the maternal aunts of the apostle who had 

prayed with him both towards J n ,] , , I. Mccca and had 

sworn the allegiance of women to him— asked him for Rifa'a b. Samaw'al 
a]-Qi:t;::ti w: ;; .v,.- ,1 i-njwri riiin wht. l::sd sought refuge with her, and who 

eat camd's flesh, So he g&ve bim to her and she saved his life. 

Thentheapo*tli , . ' <\ pcily, wn. i i i li . . I. t_! i r , ■ 
iiini.iig tln \liisliii;s, ;ii;,l n- = :::i,:, kimwti on that day the shares of horse 
13 and men, and took out the fifth. A horseman got three shares, two for the 
horse and one for his rider. A man without a horse got one share. On the 
day of B. Quray>;a tl i , il >i . ' I js the first booty on 

which Ir,ls werc cast and tbe fifth wns taken. According to its precedent 

custom for raids. 

Then the apostle sent Sa'd b. Zayd al-Ansirl brother of b. 'Abdu'1- 
Ashhal with some of the captive women of B. Qurayia to Najd and he sold 

The apostle had chosen one of their women for himself, Rayhana d. 
'Amr b. Khunafa, one of the women of B. 'Atnr b. Qurayza, and she 
remained with him until she died, in his power. The apostle had proposed 
10 marry her and put the veil on her. but she said: 'Nay, leave me inyour 
power, fi>r thal will bc ensicr for me and for you.' So he left her. She had 
shown rcpugnance towards Islam when she was captured'and clung to 
Judaism. So the apostle put her aside and felt soroe displeasure. While 
hc was with his companions he heard thc sound of sandals behind him and 
said, 'This is Thalaba b. Sa'ya coming to give me the good news of 

God sent down concerning the trench and B. Qurayza the account which 
is found in the sUra of the Confederates' in which He mentioned their trial 
and His kindncss to them, arid His help when He removed that from them 
after one of the disaffectcd had said what he did: '0 you who hchctc, 
remembcr God's favour to you when armies came against you, and We 
scnt agalnst them a wind and armies you could not see, and God is a seer 
of what you do.' The arrnies wcre Quraysh, and Ghatafan, and B. Qurayza. 
i+ The armics which God sent with the wind were the angels. God said, 
'When they came at you from above you and below you, and when eyes 
grcw wild and hearts reached to the throats and you thought vain things 









The Li/e of Muhammad 
rot God.' Those who came at you from above w 
,m below were Quraysh and Ghatafan. 'There w, 
i shaken with a mighty shock. And when the disaihected and those in 
oseheartswas \, i t Gtnland Hisapostle promised 

is naught but a delusion' refers to the words of Mu'attib b. Qushayr. 
ihem said, people of Yathrib, there is no standing 
And some of them sought the prophet' s permission 
esposed, and they were not exposed. Th,.:v wishcd 
only lo ricn away' rc-fcrs to thc wnr.is of Aus b. Qh\/a nruj thost nl liis 

i.c. Medina (713). 

'Thcn if tliey had been invitcd torebellion', i.e. thc return to polytheism, 
'they would have comphcd and would have hesitated but a moment, Yet 
(hey had sworn to Allah beforehand that they would not turn their backs. 
An oath tD God must he answered for,' They wcre the B. Haritha. They 
were the men who thought to desert on thc day of Uhud with B. Salama 
when both thought to desert on the day of U hud. Thcn they swore to God 
ih 1 ii li 1 n I hercmindedtfiemofwhatthey 

had taken on themselves. ' Say, Flight will not avail you if you flee from 
-r ;i littie. Say, Who 
can presene yc.i irnit: Ah.llj :: I:v mciiils evil towat.Is yotl, iir intetlds 
mercy. They will not find that they have any friend or helper hut Allah. 
Allah knows th. ;.c. the disarTccted people. 'And 

those w r ho say to thcir brctli"v 1 1 u ! ii-:i. imt 10 hattlc 

save a little,' i.e. for a moment to malte z jir, 1, 1 1 1 iu 11. spanng of 
their help to you,' i.e. because of their grudging nature. 'But when fear 
comes you see thcm looking at you with rolling eyes like one in a deadly 
faint,' i.e. thinking it dreadful and tcrrihcd of it. 'Thcn when their fear 69 
departs they scald you with sharp tongucs,' i.e. with talk about what does 
not please yi.11 IjcciLiisc thcii hupc is ;n this life; hope of (future) reward 
does not movc them, for they fear death with the dread of him who has na 
hope in a future life (714). 'They think that the confederatcs have not 
gone away,' i.c. Quraysh and Ghataian, 'and if the confcdcrat.es should 

news of you and if they werc among you they would right but little.' 

Then He addressed the belitwrs a-nl said, 'in Gt,,t's apnsrli ynu havc a 
fine example for one who hopcs tii:- .-Ml;i:i ;i:i,l iht : i-r day,' i.e. that they 
should not prefer themselves to him and not desire to be in a place where 



'ii.riril Ih. hclic, 






wii.ir Gnil prorniscd them of trial by wl 

'Arid ulicn thc believers saw the confederates they said: 

and His apostlc promiscd us, and God and His apostle ar 



what God antl llis npostk Eud 



The Life of Muhammad 



. 'That God 



promised them. Then He said: 'Some of the believers are men who are 
true to what they covenanted with Allah and some of them have fulfilled 
their vow in death,' i.e. nnished their work and returned to their Lord like 
those who sought martyrdom at Badr and Uhud (715). 

656 'And some of them are still waiting,' i.e. for the help which Allah 
promised them and the mar:-. I «feU his eompanions. 

God said: 'And they have not altered in the least/ i.e, t 
nor hesitate in their religion, and did not change it for at 
may reward the tnie men for their truth and punish th 
will, or repcnt towards them. God is forgiving, merciful. And Al 
turned back those who disbelieved in their wratb,' i.e. Quraysh and Gha 
tan. 'They gained no good, God averted battle from the believers, 3 
Allah j| strong, mighty. And He brought down those of the Scripti 
people who helped them,' i.e. E. Quray?.a, 'from thcir strongholds' 

697 forts and castles in which they were (716). 'And he cast terror into tt 
hearts ; some you slew and some you captured,' i.e. he killed the men 2 



m like from the m, 



aptured the women and 


tiildren. 'And caused you 


nd their dwellinga, and t 


ieir property, and a land y 


Chaybar. TorAilahcan 


io all things.' 


Wh«itheaffairofB.Q 


rayza was disposed of, Sa'( 






Mu'adh b. Rifa'a al-Zuraqi told me: Anyone yc 
8 my people told me that Gabriel came to the apnstL v.ht-n SaM was takei 
in the middle of the night wcaritlg an embroidered turban, and saii 
'O Muhammad, who is this dead mao for whom the doors of heave 
hive becn opened and at whom the throne shook ?' The apostle got 11 
quickly dragging his garment as he went to SaM and found him alreac 



•Abdullah b. 



r told m 






withUsaydb. . . , 
i, and showed considerable grief. 'A'isha said: 'God 
iTahya, will you grieve over 1 woman when you have 
ncle, for whom the throne shook?' 
:ct told me from al-Hasan al-Basri : Sa'd was a fat man 
:arried him they found him light. Some of the dis- 



a (r. m 



a hghter bier 



.;, riis : 



<receiving)thespiritofSa 

b. al-Jamuh from Jabir b. 'Abdullah: When Sa'd was buriec 
with the apostle he said Subhandlhh and we said it with hii 
said Allah akbar and the men said it with him. When they asl 
he had said Ssibhana'ttah he said 'The grave was constricted 
man until God eased him from it' (717). 



«as Umm Sa'd for Sa'd 
kepping into the breach 






The apostle said, 'Every wailing woman lies except the 01 



Of B. Jusham h. al-Khazraj of the dan 
Nu'man and Tha'laba b. Ghanama. 2. 
Of B. al-Najjar of the clan B. Dinir: Ka'b b 



. SaJima: al-Tufayl b. 



in Meec 



in b. 'Ubayd b. aI-Sabbaq hit 

'Of B. Makhzum b.'Yaqa?a: Nautal b. 'Abdullah b. al-Mughlra. They 

and hecome trapped in it and killed, and the Muslims got possession of his 
body. The apostle said that they had no use for his body and did not want 
to be paid for it, and he let them have lt (72 1). 

Of B. ' Amir b. Lu'ayy of the clan B. Milik b. rjisl : 'Amr b. 'Abdu Wudd 
whom 'AJi killed (722}. 

On the day of Qurayza there were martyred of the Muslims of B. a!- 
Harith b. al-Khazraj : Khallad b. Suwayd b. Tha'laba b. ' Amr. A millstone 7< 
was thrown on him and innicted a shattering wound. Thcy allege that the 
apostle said, 'He will have the reward of two martyrs.' 

AbCt Sinan b. Mihsan b. Hurthin brother of B. Asad b. Khuzayma died 
while the apostle was besieging B. Qurayza and was buried in the cemetery 
of B. Qurayza which is still used today. They buried those who died in 
Islam there. 

When the detenders of the trench left it I have heard that the apostle 
said: 'Quraysh will not attack you after this year, but you will attack them.' 
Quraysh did not attack them after that ; it was he who attacked them until 
God conquered Mecca by him. 



+ 7o The Life of Muhammad 

Dirar b. al-Khattab b. Mirdas broth E r of B. Muharib b. Fihr sa 
the battIeof theTrench: 

Yet we led a great force, crushing all befare us. 
Its size was as Uhud 
When one could see its whole ortent. 
You could see the long mail upon the warriors 
And their strong k-athei shieids 
And thc (ine steeds Iike arrows 
Which we discharged against the uinful wrongdoers. 
When we charged the one the other, 

'Twas a3 though at the gap in the trench men would shake 1 
You could not see a rightly guided man among them 
Though they said : ' Are we not in the right ?' 
We besieged them for one whole month 
Standing over them like conquerors. 
i Night and morning every day 

We attacked thera 

Cutting through heads and skulls. 

'Twas as though their gleam when they were drawn 

-■■ that drew them 
■ the night 
So that one could see the clouds clearly. 
But for the tiemjl ■ ■ ■ik.-: 
We would have destroyed them one and all. 
But there it stood in front of them, 
And they took refuge in it from fear of us. 
Though we withdrew we left 
Sa'd hostage to death in front of their tents. 

^ eame you couid hear the keening women 
Raising their lament over Sa'd. 
Soon 







.hey ca 



The Life of Muhammad 
We were steadfast trusting in Him; 
We saw nothitlg equal to God in the hour of ot 
We have a prophet, a true helper, 

We fought an evil disobcdient people 

Fully prepared in tht 

When they came at t 

Which dispatched the 

You would have seen us in wiae tong niau w 

Glittered like pools in the plain ; 

Sharp swords in our hands 

Hy which we ipiench the spirit of the mischii 

Like lions at the gap in the trench 

Whose tangled jungle protects their lairs, 

Our horsemen when they charged night and 

Looked disdainrully at the enemy as they wo 

To help Ahmad and God so that we might h 

Sincere slaves of truth, 

And that the Meccans might know wl 

And the people of different parties 

That God has no partners, 

And that He helps the believers. 

"'luni-ili \:>v. kitled Sa'd wantonly, 

Gods decrccs are for the best. 

He will admit him to goodly gardens 

The resting-place of the righteous. 

As He repulsed you, runaway fugitivE 

Fruitless, disgraced, dcspite yom ra»e 

Disgraced, you accniuplishtd n<itlin,c. 

And were all but destroyed 

By a tempest which overtook you 



SalutL thc lUu-llinc; whosc ves!igcs 
Long decay and time's changes have 
'Tis as though their rei 
Except the zarebas and 
A desert as though you 
Happily with young girls of one age. 
But speak no move of a life that has pa 
And a place become tuined and dcsevt. 
And gratefully remember the gallantvy 



The Life of Muhammad 



The fine lean steeds led beside them 
Thin in belly, lean of nank, 
Foaled from long-bodied mares and stallions, 
Like a wolf who attacks careless watchmen. 

Sakhr led the confederates ; 

help of the poor, the refuge of the fugiti\ 



1 M: 






to Medina 
leath th 



r sharp swords dr 
tnr torty ilays they had the best of Muhammad 
Though (ua companiona m war were the best. 
They called for withdrawal the morning you said 
'We are almost done for.' 
But for the trench they would have left them 
Corpses for hungry birds and wolyes. 
Hassan b. Thabit answered him and said: 



( ,m ■:■ 






And the constant blowing of every high wind ? 
Yet have 1 seen their dwellings adorned by 

... iieirs of a glorious pa3t. 
But leave the dwellings, the talk of IoveIy maidens 
With soft breasts, sweet in conyerse, 
And complain to God of cares and what you see — 
An LiTicr;. puople who wronged the apostle, 
Who TnarcliL-d with their eompany against him 
AnJ colkcted townsmen and desert dwellers, 
The army of 'I.yayna and Ibn Harb 
Mingled with the horsemen ol thc 
Until they came to Medina and hoped to slay 
The apostle's men and plunder them, 
And attacked us in tliLi; strcnglh. 
They were put to Hight in their fury 



Tke Life of Muhammad 
And the armics of tliy I.ord the I.ord of lords 

An. J gave ihem the best of rcwards. 
When they had abandoned hope, our bounteous 
Hetit dowii His aid and scattered them; 
Gave ease to Muhammad and his companions 
And humiliated cvery lying doubter, 



In unbeliel they persisted to the very end, a 




Ka'b b. Malik also answered him: 




War has Ieft over to us 




The best gift of our bounteous Lord; 




High white forts and resting-places for cami 
Palms are black and wherc milk is plentiful. 


:ls whc 




They are like lava tracts and their bounty is 1 




Oo ihc visiting guest and relatiyeJ 




And horses» swiit as wolves 








With hairless fetlodts and firm-fleshed hindquarters, 


Smooth their coats from head to tail; 




Long-necked, answering the View hallo 




As hounds speed to the huntsman's call. 




Now guarding the tribesman's cattle, 


.. 




The Lijt oj Muhammad 



AIl with 

His right hand holdmg a spear ready fo 

\«. ]j. .-. < s i. i [i . i . , r isted to KhaDDao. 

Thc glilter of liis iance is like 

A fiash of Hame in the darkness of the night, 

An.d a forcc wliose mail defies the arrows 

And repels the bolts that WDuId pierce the thighs. 

Reddish-black, masscd, as though tlieir spears 

Were a blazing forest in every encounter, 

Sceking the shadow of the standard as though 

On the shaft of th 






Likc tl 



u Karib and Tubba' 



d becn kid before 
understand. 



oved to remember them 
e confederat.es (u 



or willMirelybe conquered [723). 
I about the trench: 

se of battle where blows rcsound 



al-Madhad ! an 



de of the trench. 
They wcre l.old in smtting champions 
And surrertdered their lifeblood to thc Lord of the w< 
In a company by which God hclped His prophet 
And was gracious to Hia servant, 
A!l in long mail whose ends swept thc ground, 
Looking like an undulating pool blown by the wind 

■ i ..rmigh: stnd woecn as tlinugh its nails 
Were the eyes of a locust in rhe chain rinira. 
Braccd up by the be 



Of 









The Life uf Muiutmmad 
of hands, as though thcy had not b 
■ • >mpact force 



[Iri.iri; a.iay their force w 

Mashri^. 1 
Against the enemy we prepared 
Every swift, bay, white-legged, piebald 
Carrying riders who in battle were like 

Trasty ones who bring death to brave 



ttith J. 
Godco 



: . ,: ■ ■;., . ; 

landed that the hc 



fight* 

(Tmly God is the best guarantar of victory) 

That they might vex the enemy and protect the dwellings 

God the mighty helped us with His strength 

And loyal steadfastness on the day of the encounter. 

We obeyed our prophet's orders. 

When he called for war we were the first to respond. 

When he called for violent eiTorts we made them. 

When we saw the battle we hsstened thither. 

Hc who obeys the prophet's eommand (let him do so), for an 

He is obcycd and truly believed. 

By this He will give us victory and show our glory 



Thosc who c 
Disbelieve ai 
Ka'b alsosaid: 
The mixed ti 



,]' tlu), 






n they gathered together again 



). 'Aylin and Khindif with om 
Made common cause, not knowing what would happen. 
They tried to turn us from our religion while we 

I 11 ] r 1 1 1 il, 1 1 , 1 ,1 -,, 1 i,r (iod is aseer an 

'.',.„„ tlu-j raged against us in battle 
Tru- all embracing help of God aided us. 



as God's 1 



and His | 






15. 'The dothinjr of picty 13 1 



'6 The Life "i 

Ka'bakosaid; 
Tell Quraysh that Sal' 

And the land bctween al-'Urayd and al-Samma 
Is a land where cainels whn kr.ow :u;r rarn v. a 
Where wells dug in the days of 'Ad abound, 
Sl:II «ai:-s icd by copious fountains 
That keep the wells at a steady depth. 
The tangled growth and the rushes there 
Seem to rustle when they yellow at the harvest. 
Our trade does not consist in selling donkeys 
To the land of Daus or Murad. 
Ours is a land well tilled, f..r i: »t lijrlil 
K you have stomach for the battle, 
We ploughed and plantcd it as peasants do ; 
Never haie vm - j 1 I h 

We have kept every fine high-standing 
Powertul courser for great objects. 



And well made tractahle horses, 

And bloodmares wbnsr snlvs throb 

Like the beating of a locust's wings" 

Swift of limb, firm Aeshed, 

Perfectly made from head to tail. 

Horses which Iive through famine years 

Whenothermen'sr,orsesdie; 

Which tug at the reins, turning their necks to or 

When their roaster calls thcm to war. 

When our warners say: 'Be ready' 

We put our trust in the Lord of men. 

Aiul \vc saul : L \"otbing wil! ease our troubles 

But smiting the helmets and desperate Aghting.' 

You have seen none among those we fought, 

Whether townsmen or tribesmen, 

Bolder than we were in attack 

Nor gentler in affection. 

When we tied with trusty kn 






io fmai!uf 



vi- put i'v*:ry Rerce noble w; 



The Ufe of Muhammad 


Careful in his preparation for battle ; 








When someone appears ln his valley, 




Who shattcr thc skull of thc ... 




With the middle of a sword carried loose ( 




That we may make Thy religion victoriou! 




We are in Thy hand, so guide us in the right paths (725). 


Musan' b. 'Abdu Manaf b. Wahb b. rludhi 


ifa b. Jumah, w 




ikil!edhim,'sa 


'Amr b. 'Abd was the first horseman to cn 


jss Madhad 


And he was the horseman of Yalyal. 1 




Mild in nature, noble, firm, 




Seeking armed combat, never showing feai 




You knew that when tbey fled from you 




Ibn Abd only hurried not 








Seeking untiringly to kill him. 




idea the spears surrounded 








You asked Ghalib's horseman to dismount 




tles. Would he had not done s< 




Au.ly vi::i vuu s 'AIi! Nwlt h:ivv ynii nwr 




\..r i:ni>cd with SUCh T difficult task. 




My life be a ransom for the horseman of Ghalib 



Who met death unperturbed, 



Musafi' also said, reproaching the horsemen of 'A 
1. 'Abd and the fine horses he 






cslt.d 



s shod— 






:at piliar, the first 
Man-elaslmaylwwit 

When you, 'All, asked 'Amr to dismount he disn 
Be not Tar, 1 for I have suSered by his death 
And till I die I have a burden hcavy to bear. 
Hubayra who was despoiled turned his back in fl 
Fearing the fight lest they should be killed. 

F!ed like a miserable unarmed v 



id mentioning how 'Ali killed him, said: 
On my life, I did not turn my back 
On Muhammad and his companions in cowardice 
But I considered my position and could find 
No adyantage in sword nr ano:v it I usiul ihern. 
I stopped, and when 1 could not go forward 
I withdrew likc a strong lion with his cubs, 
Who turns his shoulder from his adyersary when 
He can find no way to return to the fray-such hi 



«ay. _ 



ir, O 'Amr, aliye 









sc f:i».:i 



Who (now) will drice on horses clu-ckcd liy Epears 

Be not far, O 'Amr alive or dead. 

V;rj h.iw <jone (fruiYi us) full of praise, noble of ancestry. 

Tell of his glory when the camels bellow loudly ?' 

' \l-.l i.ecn therc he v:ould l:ave gone to them 
And relieved them, that never ignoble man. 

cr have 1 seen one who behayed like you 









Hubayra also said : 

The noblest man of Lu'ayy b. 

1 I i ii i I r iii i i'i 

Tbcir knighl was 'Amr and 'Al 
(The lion must seek his cnemy 
He was their knight wben 'Ali 
When the squadrons hisck lvli 
1 Ileft'Amrin Inihri! 






May m 



; .,' the killing of 'Amr t 



rhe warrior 'Amr b. 'Abd is on the Hanki 

4equiring to be avenged: he was not give 

fou found our swords drawn 

l nd you found our horses ready. 

i.t Badr you met a band 

Vho smotc you with no weakling's blow. 

\ T o more will you be sumniimcii <m ihc •.: 



Give Abu Hidm a message, 
One with which the camels hasten, 
Am I your friend in every hardshi| 
And another your friend in a time 



Tears streamed from my eyes, 

'Tis right that they should weep for Sa'd 

Lying on the battlefield. Eyes that flow wit 

SutTer his ioss without ceasing. 

Slain in God's religion, he inhcrits pjnuh.se 

Theirs a noble company. 

An-I ' e in llu- dusiv dai-ki vss oi thc gnni 
toGod)withs 



S carried{ 7 2g). 

lurning Sa'd b. Mu'adh ai 



By pronouncing on 1 
Which God had decre 



i tribes of Ourayra the (same) judge- 



And you did not forgive when 
Though fate has bniuph! 1011 i 
Among those who sold their li\ 



Ul iii .iiiii tn God for favc 



o The Life o/ Mukammad 

O my people, is there any defence against what ia de 
And"can the good old days return? 
Wiicn I cill to mind an age that is passed 
My heart is troubled and my tears rlow ; 



When hE 
A1I i>f 






to the apostle on tln: dae i>f I: 
swords fiashed amid the shac 
hem thc> unswered loyally, 



1 .1 i i , nl 11 . . I ' 

,;: inli hniica cut short the allotted span.) 
Because they hoped for his inU::ci'*siuii 
Since none but prophets can interccde. 
That, O best of men, is what we did, 

Onr rcsponsL u. Gnd whiie dcath is ccrl.riri. 

Ours was the rirst step to thee, and the last of us 

Wi l l'i>:io« ihe *lrsl m God's religion. 

We know that the kingdom is God's alone 

And that the decree of God must come to pass, 1 
Edassan also said about B. Qurayza: 

<Juray?a met their misfortune 

■',: -.1 in himiiliation found no helper. 

A c<:L:irii:v scorse than that which fell B. al-Na.lj' !".:■. 

The day that God's apostle camc to them like t hr:lh.i 

With fresh horses bearing horsemen like hawks. 

We left them with the blood upon them like a pool 

They having accomplished nolhing. 

They lay prostratc with Ytilturcs cirding round them. 

Thus are the obstinate and in'[- : 

Warn Quravsh of 3 like punishment from God 

If they wilUake my warning. 
Hassanalso said: 

Qurav:>a met thcir mislortune 

i , I ii I I I iliLir li 

Sa'd had warned them, saying 



Which resounded with cr 



Mtty the pcople who helped Qur; 
For in their land they have no ht 
They «-lic given the scriptute an 
llcini; l-lii.i!. straying from the T 
Ynu dishchoed in the Quran an. 
ld been givcn coiitlriTiatior 



Thenc 



i. Lu'a> 



Abil Suryan b. al-Harith b. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib answen 



May hre bt 



rt,l 



Y >u i-l::. 11 l:ii:i:i which of us is fjr (fro:n ll 
And which of our lands will be harmed. 
!'l:,d :<, piilms tluTcin been horsemen 
Thcy would have said, 'You have no place 
Jabal b. Jawwal al-Tha'labi also answered him, n 
Quray ? a: 

O Sa'd, Sa'dof B. Mu'adh, 

For what befell Qurayza and al-Nadir. 

By thy life, Sa'd of B. Mu'adh 

The day they departed was indccd sm.Im 



Hawklikc men, aihcit kindlj arui vi- 
We found their gIorv esrnhiished ™ 
Which time cannot obscure. 
Dwcll thcrc, yc dv... 

You left your pot with nothbng in il 
The pot of a people worth mentioni 



When the fight u i i i i ! i i a . rc cr, the 

matter of Sallam b. AbiVI-J.luqayq known as Abu Rafi' came up in con- 
nesion with those who had collected the mbied tribes together against the 
apostle, Now Aus had killed Ka'b b. al-Ashraf before Uhud because of 
hls cnmltj towards thc apostle and bccause he instigated men against him, 
ed and obtaincd the apostle's permission to kill Sallim who 
was in Khaybar. 

Muhammad b. Muslim b. Shihab al-Zuhri from 'Abdullah b. Ka'b b. 
Milik told me: One of the things which God did for His apostle was that 

the iitrier like two srajliims if Aus did anything to the apostle"s advantage 
Khairaj would say, 'Tiiey shall rurt have this supenority oyer us in the 
apostlc's eyes and in Iskm' and they would not rest until the> nnihi do 

When Aus ha, ! I. . IV towards the apostle, Khazraj 

used these wcrds aiul i I s rbe i i i vas as hostilc to the 

h i r i I - I i 1 

and asked and obtained thc apostle's permission to kill him, 

Five men of B. Salima of Khazraj went to him: 'Abdullah b. 'Atik: 
MasTuI b. Siiian ; ' Ahdullah h. l."uays , Alui (Jaulda al-IISruli h Rib'i ; and 
Khuza'T b. Aswad, an allv from Aslam. As they left, the apostle appointed 
'Ahdulkh h. 'Atik as their leader, and he forbade them to kill women or 
childrcn. Whcn thcy got to Khayhar they went to Sallam's house by night, 

8 in an upper chamber of his to which a (T. Roman) ladder led up. They 



The Life o/ Muhamtnad 
to the d 



483 

fe came out and asked who lhcv wcrc aiui they told ber that they 
s in search of supplies. She told them that their man was here 7 
ley could come in. When we entered 1 we bolted the door of the 
cr anii oursebes tearing lest soiiieiliiug should come between us 
His wife shrickcrl and «irnol hiin nf us, so we ran at him with 
s as he was on his bed. The only thing that guided us in the 
if the night was his whitcness like an Egyptian blanket. When 



er the apostle's ban 01 



r;then 



withdraw I 



ir sight, and fell from the 



dying. V 

round hii 
sayingt 



e askcd ca 



■ 



ith the people. He said, 'I round his wife and some Jew r s gathere 
u Shr ri.ui .1 I.rinp in her hand and was peering into his face ar 
them 'By God, I certainly heard the voice of 'Abdullah b. 'Ati 
' Ij. 1 I d . ] 1 M 1 n ' 1 l iii 1 thoughr "How can Ibn 'Atik be i 

thiscoiinti -yi' ' Thcn shc mrned towards him, looking into his face, ati 
siijj. "H\ :he ("iorl of l!e Jev.s ru: i,- dead " \iuci have 1 heard swcci. 



Then he ca 



tu thc apostlc and told him that w. 
disputed beiore him as to \vho I1.1J kiih-J !:in 
ileed, Thc ai»js:i>- demaiulcd 10 see iun sw 
.■mbesaid, •Itjsthesiu.rilor-MidJllIall!-.. 









Yaild b. Ahu Habib from Rashid client of Habib b. Ahu Aus al-Thaqafi 

When we came away from thc trench with the mixed tribes I gathered 
some of Quraysh rogether, men who shared my opinion and would listen 
to me, and said : ' You know that in my opinion this affair of Muhammad 
will go to unheard-of lengtha and I should like to know what you think of 
my opinion. I think that we ought to go to the Negus and stay with him. 
If Muhamrnad eonquers uur pcople "■'.' shsll hc v.irh the Negus and we 
should prefer to be suhject to his autti rin ratlici than to Muhammad; on 
the other hand, if our people get the upper hand they know us and will 
treat us well.' They thought that my suggestion was racellcnt su I tnld 
them to collect something that we could take as a prcsent to him ; as leather 
was the product of our land which he most valued we collected a large 
quanrily aiul uiok ii to him. 

While we were with him who should come to him but 'Amr b. Umayya 
al-Damri whom the apostle had sent concerning Ja'far and his companions. 
He had an audience with the Negus, and when he came out I said to my 
: 7 companions that if I were to go to the Negus and ask him to let me have 
him, he woutd give him to me and we could cut off his head ; and when I 
had done that Quraysh would see that I had sereed them well in killing 
Muhammad's messenger. So I went in to the Negus and did obeisance as 
was my wont. He welcomed me as a friend and asked if I had brought 
anything rrom our country, and when I told him that I had brought a large 
quantity of leather and produced it he was greatly pleased and coveted it. 
Then I said, 'O King, I have just seen a man leave your presence. He is 
the Tin. KW nger of an enemy of ours, so let me have him that I m»\ kill him, 
for he has killed somc of our chiefs and best men.' He was enraged, and 
stretching out his hand he gave his nose such a blow that I thought he 
would have broken it. If the earth had opened I would have gonc into it to 
escape his anger. I said that had I known that my request woulil I .:'.'. c bec-n 
distasteful to him I would not have made it. He said, 'Would you ask me 
to give you the mcssenger of a maii t l i N tmus comes as he 

i , ' r , ,i i i , 'I lui i i. II I i When I asked if he 

were really 50 great iie said: 'Wni to you, 'Amr, obey me and Mlow him, 
for byAilah he is right and will triumph ovcr 1 i 1 . - r is Moses 
triumphed over Pharaoh and his armies.' I asked him if he would accept 
my allegiance to Muhammad in Islam, and he stretched oi 



I gave my allegiai 



When !■!, 






nnpanions I had entirely 



Sd my Islam from my compani 



of what has gone before.' 
awaywithallthatprecede 
and went away (730). 



The Lije of Muhammad 4B5 

I making for Muhammad to adopt Islam, and met Khalld 

,.... This was a little while before the occupa- 

rnanr' He said: 

rr. The man is certainly a prophet, and by Allah 

:h longer should I delay?' I told him 

he same object in view, so we went to Medina 

ire rirst and accepted Islam and gave his alle- 

sai.l, ■Oapnstk, I '.. ill Kiv!.;.)omyallegiance 

!.' S0lg! 



, \l.islim Hov 



I rl 1 - I - 1 ill J iiiLi 

pect told me that 'Uthmin b. Talha b. Abu 



I adjure 'Uthmin b. Talha b 
And by the casting of the sar 
And bv cvery alliance our fat 
Khalid not being ettempt froi 
Do you want the key of a hoi 
And w 



our oath of friendship 
ials at the stone of kissing 

- -her than yours, 1 

an the glory of an ancien 



Trust not Khalid Mld 'Uthman 
After this ; they have brought a great disaster. 
The conquest of B. Qurayza was in DhuT-Qa'da and the beginn 
Dhu'1-Hijja. The polytheists were in charge of that pilgrimage. 



during Dhu'1-Hijja, Muharram, Safar, and 
in Jumada'I-Ola, six months after the con- 
: agamst E. Lihyin to avenge his men killed 
and his companions. He made as though he 
take the people by surprise (731). He went 
near Medina on the road to Syria, then by 
then he tumed off to the left and came out by 



The apostle s:.i 
the two months of Rabl', and 
quest of Qurav?;i. lie wcnt uu 
at al-Rajf, Khubayb b. 'Adly 
wa3goingtoSyriainnr.tL.rtc 
past Ghurab, a 
Mahls, 1 then by .™. 
Bin,» then by Sukhayratu'l-Yamam,< 

highroad, He qmckened the pace nntil he came down to ijnut 
„nlsofH.l , ,: 1, , ,nJibctweenAmajand'Usfanex 

as far as a village called Siiya.) He found that the pcop 

apostle got there and saw that hc had failed to take them by surprt 



1, the 



hundred riders until he ce 


n 1 ,ti i 
: as far as Kurah 


down to 
i'1-Gham; 


'Usfan the Mecca 


Jabir b. 'Abdullah used to say, 'I heard the apostle say when he set t 
face towards Medina "Retuming repentant if God will, s;i • 
outLord. I takeref<ii;c in God rri.im ihe difficulties of the journey and i 
unhappi endinjj, and Ihc evil appearance of man and beast.'" 

Tiie tiaditl iIk.u; lb< raiil m, H. I.iliYiin is rmm '"\sim b. T mar 

Qatada and 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr from 'Abdullah b. Ka'b b, Mali 
Ka'bb. Maliksaid: 


Ihn ,,.1'Iin m, 

Infrontofanirresisi 
Eut they were as WM 
CIefts of the rocks 3 , i 


ted 

i baniis in thcir ; 
ible force gliperi 
n-hich have no m. 


the 
:ansofes< 


;apc. 



The apostle had spent only a few nights in Medina -.< I.en T\avna b. I.Iisn 
b. Hudhavfa h I' I ,11 , , i , I I ,l,atalan raided the 

ap,isrle'.< nulch-camels in al-Ghaba. 4 A man of B. Ghifar, who had. his 






cc.ithih 



'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada a 

. -.|:,:ik coiilrihutedrothi-stnry whic 
Mlows. The firet to know of them waa Salama b. 'Amr b. al-Aiiwa' :i 
Aslami. That mormng 1,-. was making tor al-Ghaba armed with bow an 
arrows accompanied by a slave belonging to Talha b. 'Uhaydullah with 
,, ,s ieailii-.g. When hc got to the pass of al-Wadii' he sa 
o some of their cavalry and looked down in the direction of Sal' and crie 
aloud, '0 [what a) morning!' Then he hurried off after the raiding part 
i When iii ciime up witii them he began To keep them at h.i 



.■ , , . 



,i shut: 
Take that, a 



The Life of Muhammad 



sounded in Medini 



al-Miqdadb.V 






I, ThenTsthi 



ir were 'Abbad b. Bishr b, Wa,,s!, h. 
Zughbab. Za'ura', rmi of B. 'Abdu'1 iaJjhal; Sa'd b Zayd, one ot B. Ka'h 
h. 'Abdu'1-Ashlial; Usayd b. Zuhayr, brothcr of B. Haritha b. al-Ilarith, 
though there is some doubt abein hini : '", liush,; ,. Mrhssn, broTher ,,t II. 
Asad b. Khuzayma; Muhrirt b. Nadla, brother of B. Asad b. Khuzayma; 
Ahir Uatiida al-1 iritl 1, K I, i broihcr of B. Salima; and Abu 'Ayyiish 
who was 'Lbayd b. Zayd b. al-Simit, brother of B. Zutayq. When they 
had gathered to the apostle, he set Sa'd b. Zayd over thcm according to my 
inmrmation and told them to go in pursuit of the band until he himself 
overtook them wkh the army. 

I have heard from some men of B. Zuray,| that ;!re apnsrle ha,I saii! tn 
Abu 'Ayyash: T" 






i, •:.,. I 



replied: T am the best horseman of the people! Then I beat the horse, 

astanished that the apostle should say that he wished that I had given him 
to a bcttci hiirsemao and that I should have said that I was the best horse- 
man.' Men of B. '/urayii allcse ihat the apostlc gave Abu 'Ayyash's horse T 
to Muadh b. Mahs, or -.<, \V,.lh b. Mais b, Qays b. Khalada who was the 
eighth. Some people count Salama b. 'Amr b. al-Akwa' as one of the eight 
' le Usayd b. Zuhaj " 



Salama 






he rirst to 



'Asim b. 'Umar li. ijarij.i r,,hl „„■ ilmi riie hrsl hiirseman to catch up 
withthe band was Muhriz b. Nadla who was calkd 'al-AJthram' and 
'Qumayr', and Th.s i.d a horse belonging to Mahmud 

b. Maslama ran round the ptantatLOn when :, heald thc neighing of the 
horses, for it was a treasured animal not put to work. When some women 
of B. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal saw the horse running round the plantation with the 






:'How 



this hnrse, Oiiiiiayr ? You ean see wh.it il is like. Then you could overtake 
the apostle and the Muslims.' He agreed and they handed it over to him, 
and he soon outstripped the rest of them because it was full of spirit. When 
he overtook the band and camc to a halt in front of them he said: 'Stop, 
you rascals, until ,,!,,■ '. , u u arc h buul you calch r.p 

they could not stop him until ir Btood by its stable arnong B. 'Abdu'l- 
Ashhal. This man was ihc only Muslim to be killed (732). 

MahmiiTs hnrae was ealled Dhu']-Limma (733). 

One wl,„m do ,1 ', siisiiecl lold u,f tV<.m 'Abdullah h. Kn'1, b. Malik 
that Muhriz rode ahorse of Tkisha's caMed al-Janih Muhria 1 waskilled T- 



4SS Tke Life of Muhammad 

and al-Janih was captured. When the cavalry engaged, Abu Qatada al- 
Harith b. Rib'I killed Hablb b. 'Uyayna b. Hisn and covered him with his 
mantle; thenhe |um I li I I i| ll I ' ll "Ui 1 i 

(734) and there was Habib covered with Abu Qatada's mantle. The men 
r . 1 i.ir. '\ f are God's and to Hira must we retum! Abu Qa«da has 
been killed.' The apostle said that it was not Abu Qatada but a man he 
had killed and covered with his mantle so that they might know that he 



iis prcy 



and his so 



tn them through with his lance, killing the two of 
them at one stroke. They recovered some of the milch-camels. Thc 
apostle went forward until he halted at the mountain of Dhu Qarad, and 
thr nu-rj joincd bim tLerc, and he stopped there fnr a day and a night. 
Salama b. al-Akwa' asked if he might go with a hundred men and recover 
the rest of the herd and cut off thc heads of the band. I have heard that 
the apostle satd, 'Ey this tiroe tbey are being served with their evening 
drink among Ghatafan.' The apostlc divided a butchered camel among 
every hundred men, and after a while he returned to Medina. The wife of 
the Ghifarl' came upon one of the and told him what 

had happened. Htt ' 1 vowed to Allah that I would 

slaughter her if Allah lct me escape on her.' The apostle smiled and said : 
'You would repay her badly when God mounted you on her and deliyered 

God nor conceming property that is not your own is valid. She is one of 
mv camels, so go back to vour family with God's blessing.' This story of 
3 the GMfiS'a mlc comes from Abu'l-Zubayr al-Makkl from al-Hasan b. 
A:ui'l lljsanal-Basrl. 

Among the verse composed about Dhu Qarad is the following from 
Hassln b. Thlbit: 



jr horses suMered and what hurt 
south of Saya last night, 

.•011 ;ts thev c;.ir: ■:'.: 



irirut 



They would have 

Noble in ancestry protectmg their standard, 
And the bastards would have rejoiced that wc 
Did not nght when Miqdad's horsemen came. 
Wc werc eight ; they were a great fDrce 
Loud-voiced yct prickcd by (uur) lanees (and) sc: 



Yea, by theLordofth 

Till we iDike thc horse 
And come back with yi 
Walking gently with ev 



. .:,'.: 

Our horses are fed on milk 

V. 1' ' , 1 .. I.. passing wmds. 

Our sharp swords glittering cut through 

Iroll shields and pugnacious heads. 

Allah put obstacles in their way to prot« 

And to protect His dignity. 1 

They lived happily in their home, but 

On the days of Dhu Qarad they were giv 



You said, 'We will take great spoil.' 
You Ioathed Medina when you visited it 
And met roaring lions there. 
Back they turned running fast like ostriches 
Without getting near a single camel. 



Are not their equals in horsemanship ? 

We are men who think killing no shame, 

We turn not from the piercing lances. 

We feed the guest with choicest camels' meat 

And smite the heads of the haughty. 

We tum back the conspicuous warriors in their pride 

With blows that quash the zeal of the unyielding. 

With hcroes who protect their standard, 

Noble, generous, rkrce as jungle wolyes. 

They preserve their honour and their goods 

With swords that smash the heads beneath the helms. 

Ask the Banii Badr if you meet them 

What the hrethren did on the day of battle. 



490 TheLifeof \Juhimmml 

Ctuiccal nnt the news in assembiies. 
Say, \\'e slipped away from the claws of the angry li 
With rage in his heart which he could noc work off I 
ShaJd.nl h. 'Ai ii.l s.:„"d conccmmg thc ilay of DM Qarad wi 
to 'Uyayna who was surnamcd Abii Malik: 

Why, O Abu Malik, did you not return to the fight 
When your cayalry were in Aight and being slain ? 
You mentioncd going back to 'Asjar. 2 






il i"t,r 



laming cauldron. 

w that God's servants 



You knew that horsemen had becn trained 
To chase warriors when they took to the plain. 
When they chase the cavalry they bring disgrace on 
And if they are pursued they dismount 
id protect them 



With 



s-hich thc polisher has made bright. 



i-r 



Asim h. 'Umar h. Qat5da and 'Abdullah b. Abu Eakr and Muhamma 
!. hbaiieach told me apart of thc liilluwiiig story: Thc apust 
rcccivVd ncti-s that B. al-Mustaliq were gathermg together against hin 
tl, , eacli 1 i ii- ! i II ' ' i i I i i f.ithi-r ol twayi 1 
HSrith (aftcrwards) wife nf the apostle. When the apostle heard abot 
them lic sscnt out and met them at a waterin K jilscc nt tht-irs callrd a 
,|, , , i , ,1 , , i I, li t s r il l There was a flf>l 

aini t,..,l nttl ilu !i. ;il \lustaliq to Aight and killt " 
the apostle their ' 



n£ of them a 
id property as booty. A Musli: 
). *Aufb. 'Amirb Lavt! I l ' li i i - ' 'I 

by amanofthc Ans.ir til ihc hiniily nl 'Ubadab. al-Sĕ 



ty and killed him in 

\\|, I il | 'I pirrv camcdowi 

a hircd sersant linui f : . lihdjr calitd Jahiah b. Mas'uc 

his horse. This Jahjah and Sinan b. Wabar al-Juhanl, ai 

■ H,.dm s f3,duqu with C. .gaimt W.Va*n™.!. ' A pl, 



Iglll ilt 



rater and fell to nghting. 
jahcalledout'Menofthe 



The Life of Mukam 
al-Khazraj, thrust one another away from tl 
I'ht Juhaui eallcd out 'Men of al-Ansir!' and 
Muhajirun!'. 'Ahdullah b. Ubayy h. Saliil n 
nuiiuici nf his peuple including Zayd b. An 

'Havetheyactualls , i| 1 h r n "iu pnumy, they outnumDer 

us in our tisso country, and nothing so fits us and the vagabonds of Quraysh 
asthe ancient sayinir 'Tccd atluganil u ss-ill litstiui you". By Allah when 

to his people who were there and said: 'This is what you have done to 
yourselves. You have let them occupy your country, and you have divided 
your property among them. li, nu ti n.r property from them 

they would have gune elsewberc.' Zas d h. Arqa:n hcartl this and went and 
toldtheapostlewhenhehad dK"i i ii I mar, who was with 

him, said, ■TclUAbbad h, rbshi to t-ti and kill in-i.' Thc apostle answered, 
'But what tt moi n i Muham , 1 1 kills his own companions ? No, 

When Abduilah b. Ubayy hcard that Zayd had told rhe apostle what he 
had said he went to him and swore that he had not said what he did say. 
He was a great man among his own people and the Ansar who were present 
with thc apostlc s.ii.1: ' it ina\ wt-il ht' ihil thc boy svas misiaken in what 
he said, and did not rcmember the man's wi r J thi/ing svi Ibn 

Ubayy anil protecting him. 

Whcn the apostle had hegun hisjourney Usayd b. Hudayrmet him and 7: 
saluted him as a prophet, saying, ' You are travelling at a disagreeablc time, 
' ' ;.' Theapostlesaid:'Haveyc 






said? He asserted th 
ttc the vt " 



IbJulljh I, I hiss II 1 I lli. dl 
irough the Hh> as far as water a litl 



at day till nightfall, and 
: following day until the 
:d them, and as soon as they touched 
distract their minds from what 
ore. He continucd liis jounuw 
>ove al-Naqi' called Buq',V. A» 
ed the men and they drcadcd it. 

when they got to Mctluia tln-y 



al-Tabut of H, Qavi,nt,i,'. . 



Ubayy and those like-mmded w: 



The Life qf Muhammad 



'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada told me that 'Abdullah came to the api 

':ia\ e !:t::ird ahoiit hiiii It" you must do it, then order me to do it and I 

8 brl.ng y.itt 1 1 in iieaii, f..r .: ■ -\ liave no man 1 

dutiiul to his father than I, and I am afraid that if you order someone 

. s.uil will :;..i inrm.t int t.i s.s h:s siavcr walking an 

;abelie™rfoT( 



... 1 



should go to hell.' The apostle said: 'Nay, but let us deal kindly with 

and make much . t 1 ] - i 1 , ■,,-..., ' Ami tlntt it 

happened that tf any misfortune befell it was his own people who re- 
proached and upbraided him roughly. The apostle said to 'Umar when he 
heard of this state of things: 'Now what do you think, 'Umar? Had I 
killed him on the day you wanted me to kill him the leading men would 
have tremblcd with rage. If I ordered them to kill him today they would 
kill him.' 'Umar replied, 'I know that the apostle's order is more blessed 

Miqyas b. Subaba came from Mecca as a Muslim, so he profcssed, say- 
ing, 'I come to you as a Musltm u for my brother who 

was killed in error.' The apostle ordered that he should have the bloodwit 
for hts brother Hisham and he stopped a short while with the apostle. 
Then heattacked : killed him and went off to Mecca 

an apostate. He spoke the h.I . : : 

It eased my soul that he died in the lowland, 
T'-ie bloi.J of his neck veins dyeing his garments. 
Bcfore I kiiled htm I was beset by cares 
Which prcvented- me from seeking my couch. 
I gave free vent to my vengeance 
And was the first to retum to the idols. 
I avenged Fihr on him and laid his bloodwit 
On the chiefs of B. al-Najjar, the lords of PSri'. 1 



I IV .il.sr: :,:i : J : 
I fetched h 

WLitJ, Jre\ 



The Life af Muhammad 493 

or Uhaymir. The apostle took many captivcs and they were distributed 
among the Muslims. One of those taken was Juwayriya d. a!-Harith b. 
Abu Dirar, the apostle's wife. 

Muhammad b. Ja"far b. al-Zubayr from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr from 'A'isha 
said : Wben thc apostle distributed the captives of B. a!-Mustaliq, Juway- 
riya fell to the lot of Thabit b, Qays b. al-Shammas, or to a cousin of his, 
and she gave him a dced for her redemption. She was a most beautiful 
woman. She captiyated every inaii v. ho s:,-.\ h.r She came to the apostle 

I tcok a dislike to her, for I knew that he would see her as I saw her. She 
went in and told him who she was^l . of al-Harith b. Abu Dirar, the chief 
of his people. 'You i-jn sec the stale 10 whicli l hi.i heen brought, I have 
ijllen Lt> tlic lut :.r 'Ji.~.b:r 111 his cuusirt and have given him 3. deed for my 
ransom and have come to ask your help in the matter.' He said, 'Would you 






vs that the apostle had married Juwayriya was bla-rcLl abr 
1 now that B. Mustaliq were the prophet's relatiims by niarriajri: 
:n released those they held. When he married her a hundred fam 






. I J, 






people than she (739). 

Yazld b. Ruman told me that the apostle sent al-Walid b. 'Uqba b. 7: 
Abu Mu'ayt to them after they had accepted Islam. When they heard of 
him they rode out to meet him, but when he heard of them he was afraid 
and went back to the apostle and told him that the people had determined 
tokill himandhad withheld tbni 1 I' ptmrta 'he Mtislim nll I Itir 
about raiding them until the apostle himsclf meditated doing so. While 
embassy of theirs came to the apostlc, saymg 'Wc 



t cbbcd an.l rlowetl. 




494 The Ufe of Muhammad 

Al-Zuhrl told us from 'A!qama b. Waqqas, and from Sa'i,l b. Jubayr 
and from 'Urwa b, al-Zubayr. and rruni rbi.ydulluli b. Abdullaii b. Tiha, 

ar.otn.-r, and I (Zuhi;) ln\t pin iui;cihcr tor ; „ii iiliat th.pcuplc lold nt. 

Vahva b. 'AlihaJ b. Abiiulliih i>. al-Zub;,v, t„l,i m. fn.„, lus bithcr Irom 

'A'is],;i :. iml AbJulIah h. Abu Bakr irom 'Amra d 'Abdu -l'i „,5, I n 

'A'isha from her o» u wurJa u hcn the liarssaij what they did. Thewhole 

not. AU of them are trustworthy witnesses, and all of them rclated ,vhat 
thcy hcarJ irom hcr. She saiJ: 'When the apostle intended to go on an 



lllm. 1 b dij ll„s ,.„ rlu- nccasion ni thc raid ,,„ b. al-Mustaliq 
fe!l on mt, so the apostle took me out. Thc wiv« „„ ihcac uccasnms uscd 
to tal ligh'. rations; meat Jid not fiU them up so that ihey wcre hcavy. 
When tbc caincl was hein S sa.ijlcj for inc 1 uscj tu sit in my howdah; 
thcn llic iiien v, l.o saikll.-d il for rnc iv„uld come and pick me up and take 
huld ol llic lowi r part of lllc lun.dali anj 11,1 it tip an.l put .1 oil ihc camd's 
back aud laalcn it with a ropc. Thcn they would take hold of the camel's 
hcad and walk with it. 

'Whcn tb, apustlc (inished his journey on this occasinn he started back 
iukI baltcd i.ncii lic w.;.? in-ar McJiiu and passc.l a part ,,f ilic night there. 
a Then he gave pcrmission to start and the men movcd off, I went out for a 
ccrr ii, ,iii, , i i _■ lru',_ ., „ i.cads on my ncck. When 1 had 

finished, it slipped from my neck without my knowlcjgc, and when I 
returned to ihe camel I went feeliug my ncck for it but could not lind it. 
Mcanwhile ll.c main bi.J; had already moved off. I went back tojthe 
place where I had been and looked for the necklace until I f 



re place 1 had just 

hchowdah thinking 

tel by the head and 



1 , I 1111! ' I h' ' 

thal I 1 II 1 1 1 I n I i I t 

not douhting that I was in it. Then they to 

went ,,lf intl. it. j retunicd to tbe placc anu uicrc was tioi a suu. ™„ 

Thc m, -i li.nl gone. So I wrappcd myself in my smock and then lay dow 

wherc I was, knuwing that if I were missed lli, u .1 i , 

and by Allah I lia.l bul jus, iain duwn whcii Safw.ii b. al-Mu'attal a 

Sukinii [ , , i c 1 , I .,. i |, , . lu , ih, , ,,|, 1 , b i ,' 







.t spent the night wit 


h thc troops. He sa 


w my form an, 


1 ,.,„ 






,verme. Heusedtos< 


-c inc hctoic !iic vcl 




lor, 






; saw me he eKclaimed in astonishment 


1 1, i, ,1 


wilc 


wililc 


I wa 


s wrapped in my gat 


ments. He asked r 


nc what had k, 




bcliu 




: I did not speak to 1 


lim. Then he brought up his can 




toldl 






;hind, So I rode it a 


ndhetookthc, 








fonvarJ qinckly in sc 


arch of the army, an 


.1 by Allah ». 


lidu 


overtakc th.m and 1 was not n 


lissed until the morning. The m 


:n h, 



The Life of Muhammad 405 

halted and when they were rested up camc thc man leading me and the 
liars spread their reports and the army was much disturbed. But by 
Allah I knew nothing about it. 

'Then we came to Mcdina and immediately I became very ill and so 
heard nothing of the matter, The story had reached thc aposilc aiij :ny 
parents, yet they told me nothing of it though I misscd llic apostIe's atcus- 
tomed kindness to me. When I was ill he uscd l„ shiiw coitipasslon a.id 
kmdness i„ ,nc, iiul ii: llus Tinss ,c ,;:J ;ict aji.i I iiiisisc.i Ins nucntin.ts 
When he came in to see me when my mother was nursing me (740), all he 7: 
S ai 1 II 1 . 1 s 11 1 I s | 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1 I 

taben to mv mother so that she could nurse me. "Do what you like," he 
:r, knowing nothing of what had hap- 






,c upcii ■.;, 



;red from m 

c: ccii.J u, 






„f Med 



1. Tlii ■, 



wiil r.,i: 



,0 Ruhm ii 
lir b. Ka'b 



-. Now 



,.,, :,:,h 






'Abdu Manaf. Her mother wi 

aunt of Abu Bakr. As she was walkii . 

gowu ai.J cxclaimed, "May Mistah stumble," Mistah bcing thc 113, ki.auu 

of 4uf I aiJ I 11 

fought at Badr." She replied, "Haven't you heard the news, O daughter 

of Abu Bakr ?" and wben I said that I had not hcard she wcnt on to tell me 

of what the liars had said. and when I sbowcj iny astonisiimcnt st.c tu!J 

mc that all tlns really had happened. By Allah, I was unable to do what I 

had to do and went back. I COU tU ! thougbt that the 

weeping would burst my liver. I said to my mothcr, "God birgire you! 

Mc.i l,;v.c spoken illof me (T- and you have known of itjanj havenottold T. i> 

me a thing ab 11 t 1 I I I 1. 1 ' b:t the matter 

1dvcs her but fer r I ■ 1 , - . 1 it hcr and men do the same." 

'The apostle had got up and addressed the men, though I knew nothing 

aboutit. ArterpraisicgGinl li.-san! "Wt.at Joccrtam mcn nican by worry- 

l.ings about them? By Allah, I 

know only good of thcm, and they say th 

know naught but good, who never ente 



a house of m 



'The greatest offenders were 'Abdullah b. Ubaw among the Khazraj 
and Mistah and I.Iamna J. Jahsli, f..r :::c rcasun tbal l.cr sislcr /aynab d. 
Jahsh was one of the apostlc's v>.;i,-s aml onl.i shc could rival me in his 
favour. As for Zaynab, Allah protectcd het by her rcligion and she spoke 
nothing hut good . But Hamna spreaj the report far and wide opposing me 
(T. riialliiig mc) for the sake of her sister, and I suffered' much from that. 



orders, for they ought to 



The Life of Muhammad 
-n the apostle made this speech Usayd b. Hudayr said : "If they are 

ads cut o» vdl I i u 
:n thought a. pious man— and said, "By Allah, you 
lie. They shall not be beheadcd. iiju would not have said this had you 
not known that the) c.cicot Khamj. kail thev beeii youri.wn pe-ople you 
would not have said it i 1 " crcd I.uu , 1!' Yuu are a dis- 

aticcted pcrson arguing 011 bc-l.ult <il the disaticcted. '' i-cclini; rau u) Iiigh 
thsttherewasaImostfightingbetv.eentht-.etv i ',, .1 I I- ti i i i 

I'ht aposlle lel'l and came in to scc me. He called 'All and L sama li. Za\d 
aud askeJ theii iuhicc Lsama spnke highly of me and said "They are 
your laniily- aiui <vc and you kntiv. «nlv !:■■!..: <>! ;::li::. aml lliis is a lie and 
a falsehood. 

V t,,l M I ml '. . .1 1 1 . 1 ! 1 i 1 il i < in i ]] ' 1 iirt 
one for another. Ask the s!ave girl, for she will tell you the truth." St> the 
apostle called Burayra to ask ht-r, and 'A!i gnt up and gavc her a yiolent 
hcating, sacinjt, "Tcil liie apntJic tiie : ruih, " tottlii. S slie replied, "Iknow 
only goad of her. The only fauk I have to find with 'A'isha is tliat « hen I 
am kneading dough and tell her to watch it she neglects it and falls asleep 
i3 and tl:c 5 ljt-ep(T.'petIamb')c.omesandeatsit!" 

'Then the apostle came in to me. My parents and 
Ansar werc with me aml botli of us were weeping. He s 
praising God he said, "'A'isha, you know what people say about you. fear 
God and if you have donc wrong as men say then repcnt towards God, for 
" tn His skves." As he said this my t< 



down and arter 



er the apostle 

but they said nothing. By Allah I thought myself too insignincant for God 
to send down concerning me a < i I i ] il s 

and used inprayti, , i c I . j. _ j i iht apostle would see something 

knew iny innocence, or that there would be some eonimunic.ition. As l"..r 
i; down about me by Allah I thought far too littk- «i mi sc':' 
f«r that. \Mili i il , i i ' , f 1 1 i i i i I 

ui 1 • ii r I ih il i i i !i i i irJ b\ Allah I do 

not k-ntiw a houscliold whicit sutlcrct! as <!i<! tlie iatitile «:' M;.': liakr in 
thosc tlavs. W'1-jcti tlice t< uiaitied stkji; n.v vcepintt :-coke tjtu atrcsh aiui 
then I said: "Never will I repent towards God of what you mention. liy 
AUah, I knowthat if 1 «tttin cunttss what incii say of me, God knowing 
that I am innocent of it, F should admit what did not happen; and if 1 
denicd «lial tltey sa:<l ii.n wiiiild init iiclieve me." Then I racked my 
brains for the namc of Jacob and could not rememher it, so I said, "I will 
say whatthefatltr I | 1 I ning patitnc 

and God's aid is to be asked against what you dcscribe.' " J 






The Lift of Muhammad 
'And, by God, the apostle had not moved from where he was sit 

inhisgarment andaleathercushionwasputunderhishead. Asfor 
I saw this I iclt no fear or alarm, for I Jtnew that I was innocent and that God 
would not treat me unjustly. As for my parents, as aoon as tbe apostlc re- 7; 
. 
.. I tat men had said. Then the apostle recovered and sat up and 
there fcll from him as it were drops of watcr on a winter d.i j 
to wipe the sweat from his brow, saying, "Good news, 'A'isha! God has 
sent down (word) about your innocence." I said, "Praise be to God," and 
' em what God 



Mistah 
thc mt 



rning that (T- "l 
.d Hassan b. Thabit i 



e"). 1 



tl-td-st: 






d they were Aogged wi 



ct Ishaq b. Yasar told me from some of the men of B. al-Najjar 
that the wife of jV! "Have you heard 

not." He said, "Well, "A'isha is a better woman than you,'" 

'A'isha continued: When the Quran came down with the mention of 
those of the slanderers who repeated what the liars had said, God saidi 
'Those who bring the lie are a band among you. Do not regard it as a bad 



thingforynu;n 



■:!'. ::•'..- ... 



■ 



x painful punishme 

who said what they said (741). 

Then God said, 'Why did not the believing men and women when you 
heard it think good of themselves !' i.e. say what Abu Ayyub and his wife 
said. Then He said, 'When v 1 1 t t,ue and spoke 

with your mouths that of which you had no knowledge you thought it a 
light thing, yet with God it U grwe.' 

When this came down about "A'isha and about those who spoke about 
her, Abii Bakr who used to makc an allowancc to Mistah because lic v. as of 
his kin and needy said, 'Never will i give anything to Mistah again, nor 
will I ever help him in any way atter what he said about ' A'isha anj brougbt 

not those who possess di: 






sr God's i 



w forbearance. Do you not wish that God shi 
you? And God is forgiving, merciful"' (743). 

Abu Bakr said, 'Ycs, by AUah, I want'God to forgive me,' so 
tinued the allowance that hc was accustomed to give to Mistah, s: 



:. I.ct th 






ns of Mudar who had accepted Islam: 



The vagabond immigrants 


have beco 


nc powerhrl an 


And Ibnu'l-Furay'a has be 


come solitlLry in the land. 


As good as bereaved is the 




the man I figh 


Or caught in the claws of 






The man I kill witl not be 






By money or by blood. 






When the wind blows in the north an 




AnJ hcsnaticrs theshore-n 






'Tis no more violent than 






Devastating as a cloud of hail. 




As for Quraysh, 1 will nev 




ce with them 


Until they leave errnr f..r righremisne 





And abandon al- 
And al! bow down to the One, The Eternal, 
And testiiy thit what the apostle stii.l to tlu-m ia t 
And faithfully fulfil the solemn oath with God. ! 



When you lampoon a : 






Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. al-Harith al-Taymi told me that Thabit b. 
Qays b. al-Shammas leapt upon Safw5n when he smote Hassjn ;i::d lklI 
his rj.in.Ls t.i his iu-lI; ;:iu: n.oi; ln::: :;i liiL- [piarter of B. a]-Harith b. al- 
Khazraj. Abdullah b. Rawaha met him and asked what had happened, and 
he said: 'Do I surprise vou ? He smote Hassan with the sword and by 
Allah he must have killed him,' Abdullah askcd if thc apostlc kneii about 

had been very daring and that he must free the man. He did so. Then 
they came to the apcetle and told bim i>f the atTair and he summoned 
Hassan and Safwan. The latter s.iid, 'He insuited amf satirizeii me and 
10 rage so overcame me that I smote him.' The apostle said to Hassan, 'Do 
you kiiik \: ith an evil eye on my people because God has guidcd them to 
Islam?' He added, 'Ee charitable about what has befallen you.' Hassan 
said, 'It is yours, O apostle' (743), 

The same inmrrtnant told me that the apostle gave him in compensatian 
Bir Ha, today thc castk of B. Hudayla in Medina. It was 3 property 
belonging to Abu Talha b. Sahl which he had given as alms to the apostle 



The Life af Muhamt, 
aforhisblow. He also g 
n -Abdu'1-Rahman. 



lf for what he had sa 



Hassan b. Thiibit said, ex 

Chaste, kciipirig r;; her house, abo\c SLispiLion, 

Seekers :if litiiiour whose glory passes not away. 

Andcleansed her fnim ;:ll eul and ralsehooJ. 

If I said what you allege that I said 

Let not niy hands pcriorm their omce. 

How could I, wnh iny l:Mon K affeLtion and support 

Dir rlie laniily of the apostle who lends splendoor to 

Ilis r.mk so high al.ioL ail others that 



li.i.lI ot 



outd sl; 



'l:(744)- 



A Muslim saiil about the Aogging of Hassan and his companions fot 
jlandering '.Visha (745): 

HassSn, Hamna, and Mistah tasted what they Llescn ed 

For uttering unseemly slander; 

They slandcred with ill-founded accusations their prnoliel's iii-U-; 

They angered the Lord of the glorious throne atul \; it. ; chastisL-if. 

They injured God's apostle through her 

And were made a public antl lasting disgracc. 

Lashes rained upon thcm like 

Raindrops fa!Iing fnim tlic liiglics: elniuls. 



Then the apostle stayed in Medina during the months of Ramadan and 
Shawwal and went out on the little pilgrimage in Dhu'l-Qa'da with 110 
intention of tnakint; :>,-: 174:11. II.. ealled lug. llicr ihe Arabs and neigh- 
bouring lUdoum t<> iuan li wirh him, fearing that Quraysh would oppose 
himwiih 1 im rpi . ntl 1 1 .1 111 tl L 1 1 u h\ . 1 I 

Many of the Arabs held baek from him, and he went out with the emi- 
grants and Ansar and such of the Arabs as stuck to him. He took the 



S oo 



The I Jf. of Muhammad 
ctims with him and donned th. , 






ar and that his purpose was to visit the 
temple and to venerate it. 

Muhammad b. Mushm b Shil, , i , I nva b. al-Zubayr 
from Miswar h. Makhrama and Marwin b. al-Hakam told me: The 
apostle w.nt.mt i:i ihe jearofal-Hudaybiyawith peaceml intent meaning 
to visit the temple, and took witl. him »■' 



jahirl 



•.V-,d„]:ar,.s, 



ncMT cnter Mecca in detiance of them. "" " 
with their cayalry which they have sent 
The apostle 






would they have surTered if they bad left me and the rest of the Arabs to 
-, n „, wavs: II 11 iliould kill me that is what they desire, and if 
God should giit n i . . i ll.ntcrlslaminnocks. 

,1 | „ lhcyhavethestrength,sowhat 

, .i , , r [unkmg of ' By Allah, I ■aiU not cease to fight for thc mission 
wilh whic -h i ;,..] has cnlruslcd mc umil 1 lc m.ik.-s u re torious or I pcnsh. 
Thcn hc said, ' Who will iake us out by a way in which we stall not meet 



' 



,en, 'Say, V 
ds Him.' They did so and he 
enjoined on the children of I. 



' 



al-Murar to the declivit 



God's forgiveness and we 

"•putting away - iiiai *»« w, 
but they did not say the words.' 

The apostle ordered the force to tum 
growth* on the road which lcads by the pa 

,-a l.elow Mecca. They did so, a„u »,,o. ...e vjm..j,.. « 
saw from the dust of the army lhat they had turned asidc from their path 
they returned at a gallop to Quraysh. The apostle went as far as the pass 
„,],.,,,, ,1 1 knclt aud thc men said The camel won't 

get up,' he said : ' It has not refused and such is not its nature, but the One 



Tht I,ife nf Muhammad 50. 

who restrained the elephant from Mecca is keeping it hack. Today what- 

kindred I shal! agree to.' Then he told thc people to dismount. They 7, 
objected that there was no water thi-rc hy « lik h 1 lu y tould halt, so he roDk 
an ai :o„ liriu his quiver and gave it to one of his companions and he took 
it down into one of the waterholes and prodded the middle of it and the 
water rose until the men's camels were sstished with drinking and lay 



One of thi 



Haritha vi 



ow was Najiyab. Junc 

alleged to me 

' ' the apostle's : 



,. ■Umayr b. Ya*n 



b. Salaman b. Aslam h. Afs3 b. Abu 

>ktosacrince( 74 8). 

Bara' b. 'Azib used to say that it was 

ow, and God knows which it was. 

The Aslam quoted verses from the lines which Najiya made, We think 

that it was he wlu • lege that a alave-girl 

of the Ansar came up with her bucket whlle Najiya was in the well supply- 
ing the people with water and said : 



lca 



hcar all ot 






in the hole getting thc water 



TheYam 

n 1 1 ' 1 ] 11 d in 5 

Many a wide bloody wound I've made 



In his tradition al-Zuhri said : When the apostle had rcsted Budayl b. 
Warqa' a]-Khuza'i came to bim with some men of Klii./r.'a a.id askcd lum 
what he had come for. He told them that he had not come for war but to 
go on pilgrimage and vcncrate the sacred precincts. Then he said to them 
what he had said to Bishr b. Sufy3n. Then they returned to Quraysh and 7. 
told them what theyhad heard : hur : ■. ■ 1 1 t ■ i. > ■ md spokeroughly 
to thcm, si-ying, 'He may have come not wanting war hut by Aliali hc 

we have allowed it.' 

K]ii.7a'a wctc : L ., ., ■- ; , i\ both their Muslims and thcir 

polytheists. Thcy kept him intormed of everything that happencd in 
Mecca. 

Then Quraysh sent Mikraa b. Hafs b. al-Akhyaf brother of B. 'Amir b. 
Lu'ayy to him. When he saw him approaching the apostle naid, This is ,1 
tteacherous fellow!' When he came up and spoke to him the apostle gave 
him the same reply as he had given Budayl and his companious, and he 
tetumed and told the Quraysh what the apostle had said. 



5 o2 The Life of Muhammad 

Then they sent to him al-Hulays b. *Alqama or Ibn Zabban, who wal 
that time chiei ol I I . i I n ' n f I il-l.l ilh I \1 

Miinat li. Kinfina. \\ lu.11 ::. saw him tlio apnstlc said, "1'lns is i.nc i>f 
devmii pcoplc, so send the sacrirkial animals to meet him so that he i 
scc Ihem! Wi.cn i.c smv thcm g.nug p:ist him fnim tbc sicle of the wadi w 
their lcstiic collars round their necks and how they liad eaten their hair> 
bcciuse thcj had bccn so long kept back from the place of sacriticc, ht 
wrnt bnck to Quravsh iincl did not ci.inc t„ thc npostic. so greaily «ns ht 
impiesscl hy wliat l.c had scen. When he told them that, they said, 'Sil 
iinv.ii: You arc im!v u Iledonin, utturly tgnorant,' 

'Abdullah b. AbQ Bakr told m t! I nrag I al-l.Iub i 

'You men of Quraysh, it was not for this that we made an alliance anc 



i.|, 



agreement with you. Is a 


ruiio v.lc: 


comcstot 


lo honour to God's house i 


be exc1uded from it? By 








Muhammad do what he has come ti 




ill take away the black tront 




i,'Bequi 


et, Hulays' until wcobtain forourselvi 










In his narrative al-Zuhn sai( 




sent 'Urwa b. Mas'ud a 


Thaqafi to the apostle an< 


Ihesaid: 


'You men 


of Quraysh, I have seen tl 






re received those you sent 


Muhammad when they re 


tumed to 


you. You 


knowthatyouarethe&ithi 



d I -II 



I collected those of my p 



r 'Urw-3 ivas the so 



what befell you an 

1 I came to you to help you.' They agreed and sa 
uspect him. So he came to the apostle and sat before h 
" ve you collected a miited people together and t 
them to your own people to destroy them ? Quraysh have co 
their milch-camels* clad in leopard skins swearing that you 
enter Mecca by force. B 



:rc) to 



' NowAbii] 



said, 'Suck al-Lat's nipples! Should w. 



id the apostle ar 

>' He l ' ' 



... lioJ 



idwhen hehcirtl it v,tis Jhn \b.i Quhjfa he said, 'By Allah, dii 
I not owe you a favour I would pay you back for that, but now we are 
quits.' Then he began to takc holil of tlic apostle'.- bcard as he talked to 

him. Al-Mughira b. Shu'ba »* n ln : bj t: ' "'■' clad in 

mail arid lu- began to hit his hand as hc hcld tlit: apostlc'» iHi.ird «ijnig, 

li I t i I it l 

saitl 'Conrnund v»u. Iuni rotteh iind rtitlt vou are!' Thc npusllc smilctl 
and when Urwa asked who the man was he told him that it was his 
brothers son, al-Mughita I- ShuTja md he said, 'O wreteh, it was only 
.t t.ct.l:. ihat I washed your dirty partsl' (750). 

The apostle tnki liirn wliat lic hati lold l!:c otlnrs, nainely tlut ht: liad 
u II _.>t up from the apostle's prescncc tumng scen 



The Life of Muhammad 
companions treatcd him. Whenever he perforr 
to gct the water he had used ; if he spat they ran 
fell thcy ran to pick it up. S 



■n I - 1 1 L.i m . tnd Caesar in his kingdom and 
i, but never have I seen a king among a people 
i.i-. 1 have seen a people who will 



Khuzi 






:d Khirash b. Umayya al 



s called al-Tha'Iab to tell their chiefs from him what he had come 
for. They hamstrung the apostle's camel and wanted to kill the man, but 
the black troops protected him and let him go his way so that he came 
back to the apostle. 

One whom I do not suspect from 'Ikrima client of Ibn 'Abbas from the 
latter told me th:. ty or fifty men with orders to 

sun-ound the apost!e's camp and get hold of one of his companions for 
them, but they were caught and brought to tiu- ipostls, who f(Wggve lliciii 
and let them go their waj'. They had attacked the camp with stonea and 
arrows. Then he called 'Umar to send him to Mecca with the same mes- 
sage, but 'Umar told him that he feared for his life with Quraysh, because 
there were none of B. 'Adiy b. Ka'b in Mecea to protect him, and Quraysh 
knew of his enmity and hts rough treatment of them. He recommended 
tluit .1 ititiii iitorcpi liouldbesent, namely 'Uthman. 

Tlie apostle summoned 'Uthman and sent him to Abu Suiyan and the 
chiefs of Quraysh to tell them that he had not come for war but merely to 

\ il 111 i..l ut -rttr Mecca Aban b. Sa'Id b. ai- 

'As met him and carried him in front of him. Then he gave him his protec- 
tion until he could convey the apostle's message to them. Having heard 
what 'Uthman had to say, they said: 'If you want to go round the temple, 74 
go round it.' He said that he could not do so until Muhammad did so, and 
Qurnvs:-. i:ii't liim ;i piisnitcr witii ihciii. Thc aposdc ::: 
were informed that 'Uthman had been killed. 



not leave until tlitj fouttiit thc 
enemy, and he summoncd thc men to give tlieir undertakinji. Tlic plctittc 
I 1 I I rr 1 I 1 r \ 1 I il 1 | il I 

thcii- plcdttc unio titatli. J.lbti b. 'Abdulkh usedtosay thatthe apostlc did 
not ittkc thcir pledge unto death, but rather their undertal 1 - t iho 
would not run a«a\ . Nnt onc nf th, Musiims v :::> ccrc present failed to 
give his iiantl ewpi al-JtitiJ b. U,ivs, h-othcr ol H. Salima. Jabir used to 
say: By Allah, I can almost see him now sticking to his camePs side 



L 



Tke Life of Muhammad 



Al-Zuhri said: Then Quraysh sent Suhayl b. 'Amr brother of B. 'Amir b. 
Lu"ayy to thc apostle with instructions to make peace with him on condi- 
tion ihat he went back this year, so that none of the Arabs could say that 
he made a tbrcible entry. When the apostle saw him coming he said, "I'he 
, peoplc want tti i:, : ,-. this man .' After a 

long discussion peace was made and nothing remained but to write an 
agieLiticni. 'Umar jumped up and went to Abii Eakr saying, Ts he not 
God's apostle, and are we not Musiims, and are they not polytheists?' to 
which Ahu Bakr agreed, and he went on: 'Then why should we agree to 
what is demeaning to our religion ?' He replied, 'Stick to what he says, for 
ti-,i:i. ::iai he is God's apostle.' 'Umarsaid, 'And so do V Thenhewent 

'I am God'sskve arid His sipisle. I nill not go against His commandment 
and H.c will not make me the loser.' 'Umar used to say, T have not ceased 
giving alms and fasting and praym] 

t of fear for what I had said, when I hoped that (my plan) 






<■ Intl, 



II I 



Then the apostie summoned 'Ali and told him 
Allahthe Compassn.iiiate, riic M.rciiul.' Suhayl 
this; but write "In thy name, O Allah.'" The apostle told 
the latter and he did so. Then he said: 'Write "This iswhat 
the apostle of God has agreed with Suhayl b. 'Amr.'" Suh: . 
. itnessed that you were God's apoatle I would not have rought yoll Wl iti 
your own name and the name of your father.' Tbe apostk sai.l: 'i', rgtc 
"Tbis is >vliat Muhammad b. 'Abdullah has agreed with Suhayl b. 'Amr: 
they have agreed lo lay aside war for ten years during which men can be 
safe and refrain from hostilities on condition that if anyone comes to 
Muhammad without the permission of his guardian he will return him to 
them;and if anyone of those witlt Muhainni.iJ conics t, ' ; 

shall be rio secret reservation or bad faith. He who wishes to enter into a 
bond and agreement wilh Muhammad may do so and he who wishes to 
cnter into a bond and agreement with Quraysh may do so,'" Here 
Khuza'a leapt up and said, 'We are in a bond and agreement with 
Jt 8 Muhammad,' and B. Bakr leapt up and said the same with regard to 
Quraysh, a.' " " 



of 



t with y, 









' 
While the apostlc and Suhayl were writir 

;■■■'■ 

The apcstle's companions had gone out \i 



hold oi 



. Wlijh 



ised almost to the p( 



toyou.' He replied, 'You are right.' He 
began to pull hi-: .uid to drag him away to return 

him to Quraysh, while Abu Jandal shrieked at the top of his voice, ' Am I to 
be retumed to the polytheists that they may entice me from my religion O 
Muslims?' and that increased the people's dejection. The apostle said, 
'O Ahu Jandal, be patient and control yourse!f, for God will ririuidc iclie! 
and a means of escape for you and those of you who arc helpless. We have 
muk peace widi : t Cod in our agree- 

mentand we canr. ■ : ' 'Umarjumpedup and walked 

i, Jandal saying, 'Be patient forthey are only 
blood of one of them is but the blood of a dog,' and he brought the hi!t of 
his sword close up to him, 'Umar used to say, T hoped that he would take 
the sword and kill his father with it, but the man spared his father and so 



tht- m 






When the apostle had finished the document hc summoned representa- 

tives of the Muslims and poly: 1 : peace, namely Abu 

Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Abdu'1-Ra'hman b. 'Auf, 'Abdullah b. Suhayl b. 'Amr, ? 

and Sa'd b Abu V i i . I ■ I dama, Mikras b. Hafs who was 

tim. nt tli ii Ll , i i the dncument, 

The apostle was encamped in the profane country, and he used to pray 
in the sacred area. When the peace was concluded he slaughtered his vic- 
tims and sat down and shaved his head. I have heard that it was Khirash b. 
Umayya b. al-Fadl al-Khuza'I who shaved him then. When the men saw 
what the apostle had done they leapt up and did the same. 

'Abdullah b. Abii Najih from Mujihid from Ibn 'Abbas told me, 'Some 
men shaved their heads on the day of al-Hudaybiya while others cut their 
hair.' The apostle said, 'May God have mcrcy on the shavers.' They said, 
'The cutters, too, O apostle ?' Three times they had to put this question 
until tinally he addcd 'anii thc cutters'. When they asked him whyhe had 
repeatedly conrined the invocation of God's mercy to the shavers he 
replied, 'Because they did not doubt.' 

The same authorities told me that the apostle sacrinced in the year of 
al-Hudaybiya among his victims a camel belonging to Abti Jahl which had 
a silver nose-ring, thus enraging the polytheists. 

Zuhri continued : The apostle then went an his way back and when he 
was half-way back the t»l al-Fatk came down: 'We have given you a 
plain victory that God may forgive you your past sin and the sin which is 



jo6 Tke Life of Muhammad 

to coroe and may complete his favour upon you and guide you on an 

upright path." Then the account goes on about him and 1 i i i , 

, , l|,,_ , , ijoi i Jli i ilLjnnce to God, the hand of God 
hciug abovc thcir hands; so hc who breaks his oath breaks it to his own 
1,11,'t'; wiulc lic who is iailhtlll t.i v, hal lle has cincnantl:,! with God, to ium 
wiil He give a great reward.' 

Then He mentioncd tlw liclrmin ■• .1; ■> hcld back from him. Then He 
said when he urged them to take the tleld with him and Uiey pt 



'The Bedouin 



,vho Wt 



wUl say t, 

tpied us!' Then Follows an 



: of them 



util th 



'Ati' b. Abu Rabah from Ibn 'Abbas 
nldo not suspect from al-Zuhri told 
ateant Hanita with the arch-Iiar. 
ased with the belieycrs when they sv 
: and He knew what was itl their hej 



ir families prec 

words 'Those who 

spoil, Let us follow vou, wishing to change whal God h,i* said. Say, lou 
si.il! not h.llow us.'Thus has God said beforehand.' Thtn loliows an 
account of them and how it was explained to them that thcy must fight 
a people at great prowess. 

'Abdullah b. Al i Ntjrbn 
(That means) Persia. One v 
that'apeoplc..i ■ 

Then He said: 'God was 
vou under the 
and Hesentdown :hc S.sk;;:;r upu., u.,-.:. liuu it„ a i,™ ,«"» wi t .,-.v- 
uctory a;n.l much spoil which they will take. God is mighty, wise. C 

. ,.c, and kept men's hands from you, that it may be a sigr; 
:!„• bcliewts and that He may guide you on an upright path, and ot 
(things) which you have not been able to get. God encompasses thcm, ; 
God is almighty.' 

Then He mcntioned how Hc had kept him away from battle after 
rictorj ovcr them, meaning thosc He had kept from him. Then He sa 
l , I li i i i 1 i i r-ands from therr 

ttic ol, ,:f Vecc,i, aitcr I lc h.n! giwi, ynu viiT::ry „vcr tltcm. God is a s 
of what you do.' Then He said: 'They are those who disncliwed 
debarred vou from the sacred mosque and the otTenng from rcaching 
goal' (752). 'And had it not been for the belieying m< 



\<iu 



ilt ror them unwittmjiK.' M'.i'arr« i:ic,u:s 'a 
ill'cr Ii>s9 for them unwtttinely and pay its blo 

Thcnh, sai I, 'Whentli iscirhn 1 ,■,'■,, 1 I 
ic ,:,.i|,,iiy ,,l patymsTi:,' i.c. Suhayl l 



fin.-'. ,. 



ihtheCom 

jpnstlc. rimilics.iui-Gikl s, 



.te thc Merc 



1 , 1 J , 
Muhammad is 



The l.itr <>f Muhammad 5°7 

,1, 11, I i- 1 h. 1, I. „ ' ■ 111", h. 111 -ii- Lhcn 

is no God but Allah and that Muhamm.i 1 is I ( I 1 ,.l, 

Then He said: 'God has rulnlU-d lh„ \ ii,i„n 10 His apnstle in truth. You 
shall enter the saci al uii>s;|',;v ii ( !.>.l will. s:ii„i\ wiiii bcails shaved and hair 
ctil sbort f, uring n,,t. hor He knows what you do not know,' i.e. the vision 
which the apostle saw that hc would enrer Mccca saiely withmit tcar. lle 
says 'with your heads shaved and hair cut short' alimg with hiui without 
fear, for He knows what you dn 1101 kimw oi' lh.it, .nit more than that He 
has wrought a near victory, the pcacc of al-Hudaybiya. 

No p,„\ii)iis cictory in Islaiu was ercttcr than Ihis. T!:,=r„ \v:,s Tiitiimig 

abolished aml mcn mct 11, Ml'„t\ aud con.suhcd tngclhcr ntmc laiked ahout 
l^iiiili i:Uvli:t:ct:tlv witliiiiit cntcring it. I,; tintsc t\,,) tcars l|,:.;ItIv i:s ni.ui\ 



When the apostlc arrived in Medina Abu Basir 'Utba b. Asi.l b, Jartya, 
one of those imprisoncd in Mecca, came to him. Ashar b. 'Abdu 'Auf b. 
'Abd I,. al-Harith b. Zulira and al- Akhnas b. Shariq b. 'Amr b. Wahb al- 
Tha,]:,."; wrotc to the apostle aliout him, and they sent a man of B. 'Amir b. 7! 
Lu'ayy \\ith a frced slave of theirs. Whcn thcy came to the apostle with 
tlic Ictkr hv ssnl, 'Voii knnw - 1, n . m ■ i- 

lll I 1 11 1] I n 1 1 1 li 1 1, I 1 I I 1 1 

reliet and a way of escape to those helpless likc you, so »1, back to your 
pi ,,pl,- " I ic s.iui, 'Would you rcturn me to the polytheists who will seduce 
me from my religion ?' He said, ' Go, for God will bring reliet ai 1 d a w ay ,:,f 
escapc for vou aud ili: liclpicss niiis ,\ith yr.1.1. S., iic wcr.t with tliem as 
far ;ts I iiuri-Hukwra 1 where he and the two men sat against a wall. Abu 
Dasir said, 'Is \„ur sword sharp, () brntiier ot I). 'Anur?' When he said 
that it \cas hc said thal hc wotild hkc 10 look at it, '.l/.ok at it if you want 
to,' he rephed «, 1 II .,1 m > '1 I r 1 I il , n 1 I , . 'h.tt killcl 
him. The freedman ran off to the apostle who was sitttng in ih. mosque, 
and whcn thc apnslk saw hun coining he snid, ' 'his inan h.ts secn suinc- 
thing !'iiglitful.' Wiicn hc camc up the aposile said, 'Wli;U'sthc matl.-r, 



- c.inic up girl witli thc swonl. iinil stiindiite bv I 
r DtiliRatin,, is ovcr and ( ioil iias rcmoved it from y 
eocerto the men and 1 haw protected myaelf in ir 
u- seduced llnrcii, or solicJ at.' The apostle sai 
c would l;avc kindlcd a war liad there been others 






Then Abu Basir wcn, 



1 ,,, h^ tlic 



that passed them, that Quraysh wrote to the apostlt 

ship to take these men in, for they had no use ior tncm; s 
apostle took them in and they came to him in Medina (755). 

When Suhayl heard thal Abii Hasit had killcil !,is Wmiri irnard he 
i:nst the Ka'ba and swore that he would nol renv>ve it imu 
man's hlotidwil was pn. \i„i ' 11 ■ 1 1 1 I ' ' ' < > ' ' >' >• * 
Mly. It will not be paLd.' Three timcs he said it. 

Mauhab b. Riyah Abu Unays, an ally of B. Zuhra, said (756): 



A brief word from Suhayl rea, 


:tied 




And woke me from my sleep. 






K v:i;, v.!sl, to reproach me 






Thcn reproaeh me, for you ar 






l A',J;lid YOL! ': iv;ti,'i, ,!,.: V.l„J!l 






■ ,. „1 - Al,is, uinirn 




you attackin, 






not nnd me 


A weak support in grave misiortu, 




1 can nval in inrth the best of 


m ? 


people. 



When t 

They defend the heights of Mecca withot 
As lar as the valleys and the wadi sides 
With every blood mart: and liery horsc 
Grown thin from long Bghtiug. 
Maadd know they have in al-Khayi 1 
A pavilion of glory exalted high. 



'Abdullah b. al-Ziba'ra 






Miuhab has become like a poor donkey 

J^ayiilt; ii> ■, vil!:it:t: a.s I,:- ,>;:ss,-, [hroliL-h it. 

A man like you cannot attack Suhayl, 

Vain is your cffort. Whom are yiui ;i,ta,.:l.i,iy r 



And stop talking nonsense in the land 
Don't mention the blame of Abu Yazi 
There's a great diiTerence between oci 



Umm Kulthum d. 'Uqba b. Abu Mu'ayt migrated to the apostle during 
this period. Her two brothers 'Umara and al-Walid sons of 'Uqba came 
and asked the apostie to rcturn her to them in accordance with the agree- 
ment between him and Quraysh at liudaybiya, but he would not. God 
forbade it. 

AI-Zuhri from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr told me: I came in to him as he was 
writing 9 ktter to Ibn Abil Hunayda, the friend of al-Walid b. Abdu'l- 
M.ilik uiii, had written to ask him about the word of God: '0 you who 
! k III «ntncometoyou as emigrants test them. God 

knows beat about their faith. If you know that they are belieyers do not 
send them back to the tmbelievers. Tbeyar,. ■ 

versa. And give them (the unbelievers) what they have spent on them. Ft 
is no sin for you to marry them when you have given them their dues, and 
hold not to the ties of unbelieving women" (757). Ask for what you have 
spent and let them ask for what they have spent. That is the judgemcnt of 
Allah who judgcs between you. God is a knower, wise.' 

* LTnra b 1 1- /.iihayr 1 wrote to him : The apostle made peace with Quraysh 
on the day of al-Hudaybiya on condition that he should return to them 
those who came without the permission of their guardians. But when 
women migrated to thc apostle and to Islam God refused to allow them to 
be rcturned to thc polytheists if they had been tested by the test of Ishm, 
and they kncw that they came only out of desire for Islam, and Hc ordered 
that their dowries should be returned to Quraysh if their women wcre 
wlthlultl fmin tliem if they rcturned to thc Muslims the dowries of the 
womcn they had withheld from them. 'That is the judgement of Gud wluch 
He judges between you, and Allah is knowing, wise.' So the apostle with- 
held the women and returned the men, and he asked what God ordered 75 
him to ask of the dowries of the women who were withheld from them, 
and that they should retum what was due if the other side did the same. 
Had it not been for this judgement of God's the apostle would have re- 
turned the women as he returned the men. And had it 

bavi- kcpt thi: womcn aml not rcturned llic iWtils, 101 tnat is wnai. ne usco. 
to do with the Muslim women who came to him before thc nneiiaiit. 
I asked al-Zuhri about this passage: 'And if any of your wivcs iiaie gone 

whose wives have gone the like of what they spcnt, and fcar Allah in whom 



s , „ The Life of MuhammaJ 

Whenthtsttrit t.in hrtru.inlib.lni 'ili.i. 1) 

i ;is emigiaiits,' as fni as thc wcutls 'aiici hold nti 

wtjmcn' il rcferrtd 10 ' 1'inar's tlinirchii; his ' 

ju Sufyiin m 

ctatanj l.m 

,dullahb.'U 

of Tmar's petiple married vv 



,ts,'asfarasthewt 
disbelieeing wcmscn' it icien-cd lo TT!i:tr's 
Abll l iuawa b. al-Mutthira. MuMwlya h. 
wards while they were both poIytheMs ,:, Mccca; antl ,. mi 
KtumiTic iiomaii d. Jarwal mother nf ITiiwilullati b. Tr 
Jahm b. Hudhayta b, Ghanim a r 
they both were pohiheists [75KJ. 



After his return inun al-Hudatbiya thc aposllc staye.l in Yctlitia diinnt 
Dhiil-ljijia aml p:in ni" ai-Mui.iarraiii, llic pcilyllictsts superiiilending tht 
1, pilirrimaRc-. Thcn he r,ia'ilicd against Khaybar (759). 

\Iiil,.,iri:-i,uj h. Ibr:ii:7m b. al-H.lnlh Jl-T.ii Jlli trcrn Ab:".'l-1 l.ivlj:::iii b 
ti I, lnlu ,' ' iain 111,11 hishitherwhosaidthathe huard thcipostU 
as ht iournctcd say to 'Amtr b. al-Akwa' who v,as tiie uncte oi" tialaina h 

1 1 1 1 jiiicl-songs ftirus*;so hegtiti 



., Ibn al-.\k»a' 






ml, 



But for Allah we should not 

Nnt triici: alms nor prayed. 
If people trcat u.s iiniustly 






," He 



ible, O apostle of God. 
Khaybar 






,c \l-;tln 



. The Muslims were in doubt as 

a inartyr, sayingrhat hc hatt tiicil b> iusi.wn wcaptm. 
ima b. 'Amr b. al-Akwa' askccl ttic jpnsnr liinmt 11, ttll 
icrc sacinii, and he said, 'Certainly he is a martyr,' and 
s prayed t>ver bim. 



One whom I do not suspect told me from 'Ata' b. Abil Marwiti, al- 
Aslami fr»m his father from Abu Mu'attib b. 'Amr that when the apostle 
lookcd down on Khaybar he told his companitms, among whom I was one, 
tostop. Then he said: 

'0 God, Lord of the heavens and wbat they o'ershadov.- 



id Lord of rhe la: 



at tbey make to grow 



The Life of MuhammaJ 511 

We ask Thec for the good of this town and the good of its people and the 

of its petiple and tlie evil that is in it. Forward in the name of Allah.' He 
used to say that of every town he entered. 

One whom I do not suspect told me from Anas b. Malik: Wln-ir llic 
aptistle raideJ a people he waited until the morning. ff he heard a call to 
praitr' ht btld bark; if he tliii nol htar it hc attacktd. We eameto Khaybar 
bv night, aiid ibt aposllt passed the night thcre; and wben iiittntiin cttmc 
he did not hear the call toprayer,' so he rode and we rodc with h:in, aiul I 
rode behind Abtl Talha with my foot touching the apostle's foot. We met 
the workers of Khaybar coming out in the morning with their spaties anJ 

baskets. Whentht-ysawilu ap il 11111 ttu eri 1 Muh 11 inil 

wkh his hirte,' and turned tail a„d fled. The apostk said, 'Allah akbarl 
Khaybar is destroyed. When we amve in a people's square it is a bad 
morning For thnse v.l,'. h;:ie bctn »amcd.' HarCin told us from Humayd 
irtitn Anas similarly. 

Wben thc apostle marched from Medina to Khaybar be » ent liv v. ay oi" 
Tsr, 2 and a mosque was built for him there; then by war t.if al-Saliba'.' 

Hiji', b;,lt'.n.t- between the men of Khaybar and Ghatafan so as to prevent 
thelatterrcinforcingKhaybar,fortheyweremili 1 1 1 il „i,tk. 



Khaybar they ga 



d that when Ghatah 



tohelpthejew 



familics, thcy thought that they had been attacked during their absence, so 
theywentbackontheirtracksaiidkTtthewaytoKhaybaropentotheapostk. 758 

Tht apostle stjncJ ■hc property piece by ptecc and conqutred tlic birts 
one by one as bc came to thcm. The hrst tn iall >vas the fort til" Na'im; 

1 1 r ' I 1 11 ' 1 I 3 1 1 ru 'I ij 1 1 1 111 

him from it ; then al-Gamus the fort of B. Abu'l-Huqayq. The apostle 
ttitik captiiea trtiin thcm amont! nlitiin waa Satiya d. Huyayy b. Akhtab 
who had been tl-.c- »jit ,,l Kmana h. al-Rahi' h. Abu'l-Huqayq, and two 
ctiusms oi" liers. The apnstle chose SafTya fof himself. 

Dihya b. Klialiia al-KalbT had askedthe apostle for Safiy.i, and whcn hc 
tho hi I r i.iii lil i 'iiinliil 1 n ln 1 ,men of Khaybar 

wcrc distnbutcd nmong llic Musliius. Thc Muslims ate the meat of the 
damestic donkeys and the apostle got up and forbade the people to do a 



numberoith 

'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. Damra al-Paiarl told rr 
Salit from his father: The apostle's prohibition 
donkeys reached us as the pots wtrc boiiing ». 



dullah b. Abii 



5 „ The Uje o/ Muhammad 

'Abdullah b. Abu Najih told me from Makhul that the apostle prohibited 

captured; eating the Hesh of domestic donkeys; eating any carnworous 
animal: and selling U;on hdbre it had bcen duly allotted. 

Sallam b. Kirkira told me from 'Amr b. Dinar from Jabir b. 'Abdullah 
al-Ansari (Jabir had not been prcsent at Khaybar) that when the apostle 
1'orbdiie thc :icsh of donkevs hc allowcd thein to eat horsenesh. 
t> Yanid b. Abu Habib told me from Abu Marzuq client of Tujib from 
Hanash al-Sanani: With Ruwayfi' b. Thabit al-AnsSri we attacked the 
Maghrib, and om ,...,s o,i,i|iiercd. A min arose 

asapreachcrai 1 il I t ll I I d ipo tle say on the 

day of Khayhar. He got up among us and said: "It is not Iawful for a man 
who believes in Allah and the last day to mingle his seed with another man's 
Ji, apregnantwomanamonglhc..i',ti..-„i noi 
is it lawful for him to take her until he has made sure that she is in a state 
of r.l. ini [ ,. n.insitlawruirorhimtoscllbootyuntilithasbeenproperly 
divided ; nor is it lawful for him to ride an animal bclonging to the booty of 






. of -;: 



awful for him to weaT a garment bclonging to the 
booty of the Muslims with the intention of returning it to the pool when 
he has reduced it to rags." ' 

Yazid b. 'AbdulJah b. Qusayt told me that he was told - 
al-Samit: On thc .1 -<lc forba.de us to buy or sell gold 

ore'for gold eoin or silver ore for silver coin. He said, 'Buy gold ore with. 
silver coin and silver ore with gold coin.' Then the apostle begail to take 
the forts and the property one by one. 

'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that one of Aslam told hirr 

of Aslam came to the apostle and complained that thcy had fought and got 

„hichhccou]dgivethcm. He 

said: :0 God, You know their condition and that they have no strength, 

and that 1 havc not ,,:nquer for them the wealthiest 

of thc enemy's forts with the r&S iag day God con- 

I *}„■ t".rt of al-Sa'b b Mu'adh which contained the richest food in 

Khaybar. 

,o Whcn the apostli h.u! ciin.uiric..; - "n.' oi tl"-ir iorts and got posscssion 

of snmc of tiu-ir property lic came lo thcir two lorts al-Watlh and a' c " ,s - 

lim, thc last to be taken, and the apostle hesieged them foi 

(7«o). 

'Abdullah b. Sahl b. 'Ab.in 
told me from Jabir b. 'Abdullah : Marhab tln Jmv cainc o 






carrying hi: 






.haybar knows that 1 am Marhab, 



My hima' cannot be approached. 
With thesc words he challenged all to single combat and Ka'b b. Malik 

Khaybar knows that I am Ka'b, 

The smoother of dimculties, bold and dour. 

When war is stirred up another follows. 

I carry a sharp sword that glitters like lightrung— 

We will tread you down tiil the strong are humbled ; 

We will make you pay tiU the spoil is drrided— 

In the hand of a warrior saru rtprache (761). 1 
The apostle said, 'Who will deal with this fellow?' Muhammad b. 
Maslama said that he would, for he was bound to take revenge on the man 71 
who had killed his brother the day before. The apostle told him to go and 
prayed Allah to help him. When they approached the oiic the oihci 1,11 
,-,,1't wpod s lay betwcen them and they beganto hide behind 
it, Each took shclter from the other. When one hid behind the tree the 
other slashed at it with his sword so that the intervening branches wcre 
cut away 1 and they came face to face. The tree remained bcreft of its 
br.intlus lik,.- , laeked Muhammad 

b, Maski and struck him. He took the blow on his shield and the sword 
t ] nr r 1 I 1 ' 1 ". 1 I 1 rlicii jj ^ I rhab a fatal wound. 

A£ter Marhab's death his brother Yasir carne out with his challenge : 



(!v,a,l 






,1 Yasir, 



iied, a doughty ws 

my give way before my onslaught.) 



Hisham b. 'Urwa alleged that al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam went out 
Yasir. His mother Saiiya d. 'Abdu'1-Muttalih said, 'Will he kill nr 
apostle?' He rcplied, 'Nay, your son will kill him, if God will.' 
Zubayr wcnt out saying (T. 



who defend their glory, the son of princ 



For all of them are like a slowly moving mirage). 
When the two met a!-Zubayr killed Yasir. 

Kisham h. TJnra toid mc that it was said to al-Zubayr, 'By God, you 
must have had a sharp sword that day,' to whicli hij :vpii,-,i that n was iiu! 
sharp, hut he used it with great force. 

Burayda b. Sutyan b. Farwa al-Aslami told me from hil 
Erom Salama b. 'Amr b. al-Aiwa': The apostle sent Abu Bakr with his 
banncrl bi iciiii 'I cflh tort it ryba tought but returned 
having suttered losses and not taken it. On the morrow he sent ' I. inar ind 
the same thing happcned. The apostle said, 'Tomorrow I will give the flag 
to a man who loves Ailah and his apostle, Allah will conquer it by his 
" ' ' \\l who was suffering fron L 






lis eye, saying, "Take this flag and go wi 



. ,5 victory through you.' 
he hurried, while we Mlowed behind in his tracks until he stuck the ilag 
in a pile of rocks under the fort. A Jew looked at him from the top of the 
fort and asked who he was, and ■■ i . ' You have won, 

by what was revealed to Moses!" or words to that effect. He did not return 
undl God had conquered by his hands. 

'Abdullah b. al-Hasan told me from one of his Eursily from Abu Rafi', 
c apostle : We went with 'Ali when the apostle sent him 



U-Uh hi 






riht thn i I i ] h i 'I r h i M i tl irom his hand, so 

'.'ihkii.l bold nf i door by the fort and used it as a shield. He kept it in Ms 
hand as he fought until God ga% t ■ vi t i i -i 1 i il 

over. I can scc nv I tj ing to turn that door over, but 

Burayda b. Suty.li : ■ Salima from Abu'l- 

Yasar Ka'b b. 'Amr: We were with the apostle one evening at Khaybar 
when along came some sheep belonging to a Jew, making for their lort 
wlill i ' I i d i. ll i. I h, , ■ I' .i 

for us and Abu 1-Yasar volunteered to go. He said, ' I went out running hke 
an ostrich, and when the apostle saw me eoming back he said "O God, may 
we long enjoy him." 1 had overtaken the ftock as thc nrst sheep entered the 
fort and I seiaed the two last and carried them off under my arms, bringing 
them back at a run as though I carried nothing untii I cast them down 
bctore the apnstle. They werc duly killcd and eaten.' Abu'1-Yasar was 
the last of the apostle's companions to die. Whenever he told this story he 
5 3 used to weep, saying, 'They did enjoy me a long time ; indeed I am the last 
of them.' 

When the apostle had conquered al-Qamus the fort of B. Abu'l-Huqayq, 
J ly y b, Akhtab was brought to him along with another woman. 



Tke Lijt of Muhammad 5 r s, 

Bilil «ho was hringing them led them past the Jews who were slain; and 
when the woman ivh<, was with Hadya saw themshc shrieked and slapped 
her face and poured dust on her head. When the apostle saw hcr he said, 
'Takc this slu'-(] C vil away trom me.' He gave orders that Satlya was to be' 
' iis mantle over her, so that the Muslims knew 



:r for himself. I have 



at the apostle said to 



tbat he had ct 

BiHl n i-i hi i v iln. J n-ess behaving in that way, 'Hadyoiinoc 

sion, llilal. whcn you bmught two women past their dead husbands?' Now 

Safiya had seen in a dream wr h L.njna h al-Rabi' b. 

husbmdl i I I I , i til ll|i 

Muhammad.' He gave her such a hlow in the face that he blacked her eye. 
« h ->•- i i -h apostlethemarkwasstillthere.andwhenhe 

asked the cause of it sbc told .lnm tlns itory. 



al-Nadir, w: 



Kinana b. al- Rabi', who had the custody of the treasure of B. 
brought to the apostle who asked him about it. He denied 

1 " ' * l s liruught) to the apostle and said that he J, ,< 

had seen Kinana going round a certain ruin every morning early. When 
the apostle said to Kinana, 'Do you know that if we find you have it I shall 
kill you ?' he said Yes. The apostle gave orders that the ruin was to be 
excavated and some of the treasure was found. When he asked him about 
the rest he refused to produce it, so the apostle gave orders to al-Zubavr I). 
al-'Awwam, 'Torturehim until v: i \trau I, r 1 1 I, 

f're vnh lli ,t ii, ' , , , „,11 ,. , , h dead . Thm , hc 

aposlle ddiycrcd inni to Muhammad h. Maslama aud l:t struck „tf Ins iicaj 
m revengc for his hrother Mahmud. 

*The apostle besieged the people of Khaybar in their two forts al- Watlh 
3ii,l al-Sulalim imtil when they could hold out no longct th, i I Inmto 
Iet them go, and spare their lives, and he did so. Now the apostle had 
taken possession of all their property— al-S|ij d i \i , I I I. ,u i m,l 
all their forts— exccpt what appertaincd to these two.* Whcn the pcople 
of Fadak heard of what had happened they sent to the apostle asking him 
to let them go and to spare their lives and they would lean iiim llnu 
property, and he did so. The one who acted as intermeiiiaw was Uuhay- 
ytsa b. Mas'ud, brother of B. Haritha,' When the people of Khaybar sur. 

,k onditions they asked the apostle to employ thcni ini t he 

iare in the produce, saying, 'We know more about it 
e better farmers.' The apostle agreed to this arrange- 
an that 'if we wish to rapel you we will expel you.' He 



proivu; » 









3fFadak. i 






Tke Life of Muhammad 



the prey of the Muslims, while Fadak WM the personal property of the 
apostle bccause they had not driven horses or camels agamst ,t.' 

Whenthe apostle had rested Zaynab d. al-I.11.-nn, l... ■ 
\i; s hk: t.i | rcpared for him a roast lamb, having nrst >nqnired what joint 
I i , \\hensheleam=dthatitw.astheshomdersheputalotof 

pois „n in ,1 a„J poisoned the whole lamb. Then shc br 

placed il berare him. He took hold of the sh, 

it but he did ru.t s .1 1 ' 1, ' I . 1 vl , 11 ■ . 1 . nhhim 
„ ,. n , , | ,stle had done, but he swallowcd il, while Ihe 

apiK , I, spa. ,t ,„,l, saymg. 'This bone tells me that it is poisoned.' Then he 
| u , „ „ ,nan and she eontessed, and when he asked her what had 
j 1 | l u th.s she answered You know what you have done to my 

., ,,|, II h. 1 ' I.' ii l5„alleabemyselfoflnmand,fhe 

t a prophet he w,ll be informed <of what I haye done).' So the apostle I 



■ 






\l ,nvj[i b. Tthman b- Abii Sa'U b. rtl Fv 
1 ,J Mid :r, his BbM» d » Wch he v.„s ,„ Jic «l,en , uim ,,:s,n o a,-u„,.. 
. ■ I„m 'O Umm Bishr, this is the time in which I feel a deadly 
pain from what l'ate with your brother at kl , I , M I , , , , 

sidered that the apostle died as a martyr in addition to the ptophet.c omce 
wi:i. which C,od had honoured him. „,.,.„„ - j 

Having hnished with Khaybar, the apostle went to W...I, l-< ... anJ 
besieged its pcople for some nights, then he left .0 return to Medma^ 

■ ■ „ /..,\J t„ld me ftnm Stlim, tre, 
from Abu Hurayra, who sa.d : When we Ief. Khaybar .0 go to Wadi t-Qura 
v,e halted there in the evening „ i the sun was settmg. The 
,1.1 h, , , , 1 I 'I n„ of the clan a 

Dubaybi, had given him (763). He was laying down the apostle s saddle 
when suddenly a tandom arrow hit him and killed him. We congratulated 

himonparadise hut the apostl ■■! ' '1, I ' 

buming on him in Hell. He had surreptidously stolen ,, 

and lame to him saying, T took two sandal thongs.' He said, 'Two thongs 
,66 "^TneT^not^ecrtold me frorn 'Abdullah b. Mughaffal al-MuzanI: 
' I took a ba E of lard from the hooty of Khaybar and carried it off on my 
shoulder to my companions, when thc man who had been put over the 
| , 1 | tjring Hiel Thts we must 
divide among the Muslims." I said that 1 would not g,ve him it and he 
began to try and pull the bag away from me. The apostle saw what was 
hanpening and laughej. Then he said to the officer in charge of the spoil 
"Let him have it, confound you," so he let go of it and I went off to my 

™wCn tTe .apostle married Saffya in Khaybar or on the w»y, she having 



The Li/e of Muhammad 517 

Sulaym d M1lh.11, , 1 1 1,1 the apo tle passtd the mght 

with her in a tent of his. Abu Ayyub, Khilid b. Zayd brother of B. al- 
Najjarpasscd tht tii 1 1 1 n 1 r .pnbtle and going 

roiuiJ iIh: t.iii uiLlil in :hc mornin^ ti„' ;,pnstk: s:,v. I.im there and asked 
him what he meatit by his action. Hereplicd, T was afraid to- y,,t, will, ,,„„ 
woman for you have killed her father, her husband, and her people, and till 
reoently she was in unbelicf, 50 1 was afraid for you on her account.' They 
allcge that the apostle said 'O God, preserve Abd Ayyiib as he spent the 
night preserving me.' 

Al-Zuhri told me from Said 1, - u j|, V, !„ n the apostle Ieft 
Khaybar and was on the way he said towards the end of the night: 'Who 
will watch over us till the dawn so that we may sleep r' Bilal volunteered 
todoso, soalllay down and «lept, : t/ed as long as God 70/ 

wiUed that he should ; then he propped himselt against his camel, and there 
was the dawn ris he : hu eyes were heavy and he slept. 

the first to wake up and he asked Bilal what he had done to them. He said 
that the samc thing had happened to him as had happened to the apostle, 
and he admitted that he was right. Then the apostle let himseh be taken a 
short distance; then he made his camel kneel, and he and the men per- 
formed their ablutions. Then he ordered Bilal to call to prayer, and the 
apostle led them in prayer, Having Anished he went to them and said, Tf 
you forget your prayers, pray them »l,en you remember them, for God haa 



10 prayci 



■r \1; 



Ibn Luqaym 
Nal;3 was stormed by the apostle's squadror 
Fully armed, powerhil, and strong. 
It was certain of humiliation whcn it was s; 
With the men of Aslam and GhifJr in its m 
They attacked B. 'Airir b. Zur'a in the mor 
And Shaqq's people met 2 dg) of gloom. 
They trailed their cloaks 1 in their plains 
Ami Icft ,ir,lv hens cackling among the treei 
Every fort had a man of 'Abdu'1-Ashhal or 



And Emi: 






5 1 8 The Life o/ Muhammad 

The Jews in the hghting that day 

Opcncd thcir eycs in the dust (764). ' 

Some Mushm w, v ; ; -.: V :,: Kh:,vh;u. ;ni..; 1 1 . l :ip:i:-tle 

allowed them a small portion of the booty. He did not give them a dchnite 

18 Sulayman b. Suhaym told me from Umayya b. Abij'1-Salt from a 
woman of B. Ghilar whom he named to me: She said, 'I ctme to the 
apostle with some women of B. Ghifar and we told the apostle, as he was 
going to Khaybar, that we wanted to go with him where he went, to tend 
the wounded and to help the Muslims as far as we could. He told us to go 
with God's blcssing, and so v.e wet,, with lnm. f was a young girl and the 
apostle took me on I , Ml \ , tpcistle dismounted 

for morning prayer and f got off the back of his saddle, lo, some of my 
blood was on it. It was the hrst time that this had happened to me. I 
nished to the camel in my shame. When the apostle saw my distress and 
the blood he guessed the reason and told me to cleanse myse!f ; then to take 
cr and put some sa.lt in it, and then to wash the back of the saddle and 






: apostle conquercd Khaybar he gave us 



gave it to me and hung it round my neck with his own hand, and by God it 

instructions that it was to bc buried w h ith her, She never c! 

but she put salt in the purifying water, and gave instructioris :'■ ,:t ii shr.ul.i 

be put in the water with which she was washed when she was dead. 

The names of the Muslims who met martyrdom at Khaybar are: of 
769 Quraysh of the clan of B. Umayya b, 'Abdu Shams of their allies : Rabi'a b. 
Aktham b. Sakhbara b. 'Amr, and Rifa'a b, 'Amir b. Ghanm b. Dudan b. 
Asaj, and ThauiT b. 'Amr and Rif;Va b. Masnih. Oi' II. Asad b. 'Abdu'l- 
'[ 7z:l : 'Ahdiillah b. al Hubayb (765). Of thc Ansir ot H, Salinia: Bislir !:. 
al-Bttra' b. Ma'i - ch thc apostle was 

poisoned, and Fudayl b. al-Nu'man, 2 men. Of ':>.. Zmav.|: MasTid h. Sa'd 
b. Qavs b. Khalada b. 'Arnir b. Zurayq. Of Aus of B. 'Abdu 'I-Ashhall 
MahrnOd b. Maslama b. Khrdid h. 'Adiy b. Majda'a b. Haritha b. al- 
Harith, an ally of theirs from B, Haritha, Of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf : Ahu 1 iayyah 
b.Thahilk :t!-.\u'n,anb. I'itm.;il). irnru ,il-Qavs h. Tl,a'laba b, "Amrb. 
'Auf; al-Harith b. Hatih; 'Urwa h. Murra h. Su!:ma; A,;s h. al-Q.i'id; 
l.nayl h. I.labib; Tliahit h. Athla, and Talha. Of B. Ghitar: '1 msn, b. 
'Uqba, shot by an arrow. Of Aslam 'Amir h. al-A ;wa', and al-Aswad the 
shcphcrd whose name was Aslam (766). 

Of those who found maru I. m 1 I i.bai nearding to what Ibn 
Shihab al-Zuhri said was Masud b. Rabl"a, an aily of B. Zuhra from al- 
Qara; and from the Ansar of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf, Aus b. Qatada, 



as the hi 





Tke Lije 


of Muhammad 




519 


■■■■■■■ 

r. II 1 1 


have heard 


al-Aswad came to the apostle with hia 
Khaybar. He was the hired servant of a 

cver thought too little nf ariyone to iruite 
>me a Muslim he told the apostle that he 



r of the sh 



? He told him to hit them in the 
facc and they would go back to their owner. So al-Aswad got up and took 7: 
a i,:ui..::i,l ii pebbles and threw them in their faces, saying, 'Go back to 
your master, for 1 will look after you no more.' Thcy wcnt olf in .1 body as 
, , 111 1 1 11 1 ,1 Uti." 

v.ards !ie aueanced to the fort with the Muslims and was struck by astone 
aml kllli-d, never having praycd a single prayer. He was brought to the 
apostle and laid behind him and covered hy his shepherd's cloak, The 
apostle, who was accompanied by a number of his companions, turoed 
towards him and then turned away. Whcn they asked him why, he said, 
'Hehas with riiinm, his t , 1 tiorni 1 lart cd houris 

'Abdullah b. Abu Najih told me that he was told that, when a martyr is 
slaui, his tuo vvivcsfromthedark-eyedhourispet him, wipi:;. 
his face, saying the while, 'May God put dust on the face of the man w^ho 

THE AFFAIB OF AL-HAJJiJ B, 'iLAT AL-SULAMT 

al-Bahz said to the apostle, 'f have money wdth my wife Umm Shayba d. 
Abu Talha— when they had lived together he had a son called Mu'rid by 
her — and money scattered ami nr * - , , 

lies, (} aposlle.' He said, 'Tell then,.' 'Ai-l.laijai said, 'When I eame to 
Mena I , l 1 111 1 | III , ,',1.,,, I 

news and askini; hnw the apostle fared because they had heard that he had 
gone to Khaybar. They knew that it was the principal town of the Hijaz 
, , 11 I 11 1 1 1 ,1 . s. arehtng for news 

and interrogating passing riders. They did not know that f was a Muslini 
and when they sau mt thcy snnl. "It is al-Hajjaj b. 'Ilat. He is sure to 



.'. .U.,l,: 






"Out with it, Hajjaj !" 

heardlhelike, andMu 



5*0 The Life of Muhammad 

said, " We will not kill him until we send h:m to the Meccans and let them 

Theygot up and shoutcd in Mecca, "Herc's neiis Itiryctt:! You have only 
to mut &h thu :'■ settl to you to bc kil!:-,J in your 

midst." I said, "Help me to colk and to get in the 

money owed to me, for I want to go to Khayhar to get hold of thc fugitivcs 
from Muhammad and his companions' before the merchants get there" 
(767). They got up and collected my money for me quicker than 1 could 
have supposed possible. I went to my wife and asked her for thc money 
which shc had by hcr, telling her that I should probably go to Khaybar 
and seizc the opportunity to buy bcfore the merchants got there nrst. 
When 'Abbas heard the news and heard about me he came and stood at 
my side as I was in one of the merchants' tents, asking ahout the news 
which I had brought. I asked him if he could keep a secret if I entrusted it 



1. Hcs 
=iy,forIam< 

ttu-i un:;i : !uvi 



. "Thcn 






had in Mec< 



■e, 1 mi 



sd eyerything I 



I am airaid of being pur- 
I kit your brother's son 
Safiya, and Khaybar has 



ve become a Muslim 



sued." When he said that hĕ would, 
married to the daughter of their king, 
been conquered and all that is in it removed and 
Muhammad and his companions." He said, "Wt 
jaj?" I said, "Yes, by Allah, but keep my secret. I 

When three night3 have passed publish the news as you will." When the 
third day came 'Abbas put on a robe of his and scented himself and took 
■i his stick, and went to the Ka'ba and went round it, Wnen the people 
sawhim they said, "O Abu'l-Fsdl, thisis indeed steadfastness ic agreat 
misfortunel" He answered, "By no means, by Allah by whom you swear, 
Muhammad has conquered KhJ ied to the daughter 

of their king. He has seized all that they possess and it is now his property 
and the property of his companinns." They asked, "Who brought you 
this news i" He said, "The man who brought you your news. He came in 
to you as a Muslim and has taken his money and gone ofF to join Muham- 
mad and his companioiis aitd tn be with him." Theysaid"Omenof Allah, 
the enemy of AUah has escapcd. Had we known we would have dealt with 
him," Almost at once thc trac news rcached them.' 

Amotlg the yerses about the day of Khaybar are the mllowing from 
Hassan b. Thabit: 

How badly the Khaybaris fought 



The Life nf Muhammad 52 

They disliked the thought of death and so their prcserve became 

And they behaved like miscrnbli: iiiwards. 

WoulJ they ilee from death? 

The death of the starved is not scemly. 
I l.i :;„!:: busaid, excusing Ayman b. Umm Ayman b. Thayd who lia 
iyed behind from Khaybar (he was of B. 'Auf b. al-Khazraj. Hi 
other Umm Ayman was a freed slave of the apostle, thc mother ol DbSbi 
Zayd who was thus brother to Ayman by his mother); 

You are a coward and were not with the horsemen of Khaybar 

Was sick from drinking fermented barley-water. 

Had it not been for the state of his horse 

He would have fought with them as a horseman with his right hani 



And V.] 



.!,.,: h. 



ss the behario 



of his horse 






Najiya b. Jundub al-Aslami said : 






m the spoil of Khaybar was divided, al-Shaqq and Nata fell 



..iiiami. «iiilc rjI-Kat-ha was dividL„ . — 
prophets share (T. fifth) ; the share nf kindi 
wayfarers); maintenance of tlu prophet's v 



Surayr and Khass, formeJ ;'. 

Na 1 I - n . 11 I i8sharesofwh 

13.* These two places were divided into 1, 



nrb.Hai-.lm n 
ithers. Itstwov 

:-h Kh.tvh.tr was 



The Life of Muhammad 
er of tbe companions among whom Khaybar » 



(77°)- 

The chiefs wi 






allotment fo 



. iSblocksofsh 



: 'Ali; al-Zubayr b. 



Talhab. 'Ubaydullah; 
Umar; AOdul-Kanman ; Asim 0. 'Aeily; Usayd b. rjudayr. Then the 
share ofal-Harit i :: : : • iire in Na'im ; then the share of 

B. Bayada, B. 'Ubayd, B. Harim of B, Salima, and 'Uhayd 'of the shares' 
(771), Sa'ida, Gli.l.i; am Aslai 1. 1 -\a)jar, Hiritha, and Aus. 

The first lot in Nata fell to al / 1 I hau', itml al-Surayr 

15 Mlowed it; the second to B. Iluiiida; tbe ilnr.l to Usayd; the fourth to 
B. al-Harith; the fifth in Ni'im to B. 'Auf b. al-Khazraj aml Muzayna 
aod tlnii [.iittiur^ h: :: Mahmuid b, Maslama was kiiled. So much for 
Nata. 

Then they went down to al-Shaqq: the iirst lot fell to 'Asim b. 'Adiy 
brother of B. al-' Ajlin and with it the apostle'3 share ; then the shares of 

,H,II' 11 11 1 "- 1 r \ 1 Ialha,GhifarandA S lam,'Umar, 
Saiama b. 'Ubayd and B. Harim, Hiritha, 'Ubayd 'of the shares' ; then the 
share of Aus which was the share of al-Lafif to which Juhayna and the rest 
of the Arabs who wereat Khayhrr . 

Then the apostl. 1 whjch is Wadi Khass between 

his kindred and wives and to other men and women. He gave his daughter 
rStima 200 loads; 'Ali 100; Usima h. Zayd aoo and 50 loads of dates; 
'A'isha 200 ; Abu Bakr 1 00 ; 'Aqil b. Abu Talib 1 40 ; B. Ja'far 50 ; Rabi'a b. 
al-Harith 100; al-Salt b. Makhrama and his two sons 100, 40 of them for 
al-Salt iiimsell; Abu Xabiqa 50; Rukana b. 'Abdu Yas-Id 50; Qays b. 
Makhrama 30; bia rien ut 'Ubayda li- 

al-Harith and the daughter of al-Husayn b. al-Harith 100; B. 'Ubayd 1>. 
'Abdu Yazid6o,Ibn Au- b M I . I t n h I lnil n I ll.r 

Ilvis co; Uii.m Rumaytlia 40 . Nu'avm b Hind 10; Uuhnvna d. iil-I.laritli 
30; 'Ujayr b. 'Ab.Iu Ya*i 11, liaktm d al-Zubavr b 1hdu'l- 

'. Sluttaiil. ;o; JiiTlna d. Wi Tilib ic ; I. al-Arqam 50; 'Abdu'1-Rahmin 
b. Abu Bakr 40; Hamna d. Jahsh 30; Ummu'l-Zubayr 40; Duba'a d. al- 
Zubayr40; I. Abu Khunaysh 30; Umm Tilib 40; Abu Basra 20; Numayla 
al-Kalbi 5 o; 'Abdullah b. Wal.b iimi ; ris iwn Jaughters 00 of which 40 were 



of ihe nwncr 'Ubiyd, who t»i 



The Life af Muhammad 
mHabIbd.Jahsh3o;Malkii'b 



of what MuhammaJ the apostle of AUah gave his wives from the wheat of 
Khaybar. He distrtbuted to them 180 loads. He gave his daughter Fatima 
85, Usima b. Zayd 40, al-Miqdad b. al-Aswad 15, Umm Rumaytha 5, 
Lthr \l 1 1 vitnessanj 'Ahbas wrote the document. 

Silih ].. Kais.in told mc Irnrn ltr.11 Shihib al-Zuhri from 'Ubaydullah b. 
'Abdullah b. 'Utba b. Mas'ud : The only dispositions that the apostle made 
at his death were iririr Ik bcqucathed 10 thc Rahawis land which pro- 
duced a hundred loads in Khaybar, to the Dariyis, the SabilTs, aiid ilie 

Zayd b. Haritha should be carried through ! and that two religions should 
not be allowed to remain in the peninsula q f the Arabs. 



When the apostle had (inished with Khaybar, God struck terror to the 
hearts of the men of Fadak when they heard what the apostle had done to 
the men of Khaybar. They sent to him an offer of peace on condition that 
they should keep half of their produce. Their messengers came to him in 
1 lit road' or after he came to Medirsa, and he accepted their 



to the' apostlc from Syria, namely, Tamim b. Aus and Nu'aym his 
icr, Yazul b. Uays, and 'Arafa b. Malik whom the apostle named 
u']-Rahmin (773), arid his brothcr Murranb. Maltk, anj Fakih b. 
lin, Jabala b. Milik, and Abu Hind b. Barr and his brot n< 
ri the apostle named 'Abi.ullali. 

corJing to what 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me the apostle used to 
to Khaybar 'Ahdullah b. Rawahi 



id ihi jcw 



stand. s But 'Abdullah ai 



ould say, 'If you wish it is ynurs aml 
IJ say, 'On this (toundation) Heaven 
d as assessor for one year only befo 






5 :h TheL 

killed at Mu'ta, After him Jabbar b. Sakhr b. Umayya b. Khansa' brother 
of B. Salima took over the work. All went well and the Muslims found no 
fau!l in iiu-ir bchaviour until they attacked 'Abdullah b. Sahl brother of B. 
Haritha and kiUed him in yioktion of their agrcement with the apostle, 
and the apostle and the Musli; : at account. 

Al-Zuhri and Bushayr b. Yasar told me from Sahl b. Abu Hathma: 
'Abdullah b. Sahl was killed in Khaybar. He had gone there with friends 

having been thrown there. So they took him and buned him and then 
S came to the apostle and told him about the adair. His brother 'Abdu'I- 
Rahman came to him accompanicd by his two cousins Huwayyisa and 
Muhayyisa the sons of Mas*ud. Now 'Abdu'I-Rahman was " 

when he spokc before his two cousins the apostle said, 'The eldest nrst, the 
ddrstrirs: ! (774) and he became silent. Thetwocousinsthen spoke and he 
spoke aftei them. They told the apostte of thc killing of their relative 















toyou?' They 
know! Hesaid, Tfthey 
. lad do not know the slayer, wil 
his blood?' They answered, 'Wc cannnt :« 
inndelity is so great that they would 
hl' 'dwit ni .i n, . -c.imels fro 

AUah, I shall not forget a young red camel who kicked 






V: lh.ll 






Muhammad b. Ibrahlm b. a 
Rabman b. Bujayd b. Qayzl bro 
said:'BvGod,Sahldidjiotknc 
said to him, 'By Allah, the atTair 
apostle did i 



-Harith al-Taymi told me from 'Abdu'1- 
ierof B.rlaritha. Muhanimu . 
v more than he, but he was the elder. He 
; .it Sahl misunderstood. The 
"Swear to something you have no knowledge of," but 
. vs of Khaybar when the Ansar spoke to him : " A dead 
an has been found among your dwellmgs. Pay his bioodwit." The Jews 
wrote back swcarir,- !■'. VI'. I, ! r thn lud not killed him and did not 
knaw who had, so the apostle paid the blood-money.' 

'AllU b. Shu*»yb told mc thesame story as 'Abdu'1-Rahman encept that 
,n — *he blood-money or be prepared fo 



I, C W, 



' t 



of Khaybar their palms wl 









ve the Jew 



" He told me that th 



The Life o/ Muhammad 
after righting and Khaybar was part of what God gave to hir 
The apostlc divided it into hve parts and distributed it among th 

should migrate. The apostle called thcm and said that if they 
would let them have the property on condition that tliey wnrkc, 
producewas equa]l\ dmded bctwcen bntli pa-lies ; ,r;d lu- wuukl 
there as long as God let them stay. They accepted the terms : 
work the property on those canditions. The apostle used to sent 
b. Rawaha and he would divide the produce and make a just 
When God took away His pruphet, Abii Bakr continued the a 
until his death, and so did 'Umar lor the beginning of his ami 
he heard that the apostle had said in his last illness, 'Two religio 









nthepenir 

you to emigrate,' quc 

ot with the apostle let 

such ag 



the Jews saying, 'God has given 
ng the apostle*s words. ' I f anytinc 



.' Thus 



'Umar «tpelled those who had no agreement with the apostle. 

NTih' rlicnt of 'Abdullah b. 'Umar told me from 'Abdullah b. Umar: 
With al-Kubiyr and al-Miqdad b. al-Aswad I went out to our property in 
Khaybar to inspect it, and when we got there we separated to see to our 
individual affairs. Tn the night I was attacked as I was asleep on my bed 780 
and my arms were dislocated at the elbows. In the morning I called my 
eompanions to my aid and when they came and asked me who had done 
this I had to say that I did not know. They reset my arms and then took 
me to 'Umar who said, 'This is the work of the Jews.' Then he got up 
, J ,1 ItJo! pJ 1 t sitmgthat the apostle had at! ' 

Jcws , I kl j 1 1 H I 1 1 1 1 hil tb 1 1 

attackcd 'Abdullah b. 'Umar and dislocated his arms, as they had heard, 
itl addition to their attack on the Ansari previously. There was no doubt 
that they were the authors of these outrages because there was no other 
enemy on the spot. Therefore if anyone had property in Khaybar he 
should go to it, for he was on the point of espeliing the Jews. And he did 
expel them. 

'Abdullah b. Ahu Bakr told me from 'Abdullah b. Maknaf brother of B. 
Hilrhha: \\ Itcn 'Umar «pcllcd the Jews from Khaybar he rode with thc 
Muhajirin and Ansiir and Jabhar b. Sakhr b. Umayya b. Khansa' brother 
of B. Salima who was the assessor and accountant of the Medinma and 
1 azld b. Thabit; ind the«tvre lfivided Khaybaramong its owners accord- 
ing to the original agreement of the lats. 

'Umar divided Wadi'l-Qura into shares:' one each to 'Uthman, 'Abdu'1- 



5*6 



The Life of Muham» 



Ushaym (775), ft 



a, 'Ami 



i 'Ubaydullah; one 



bi'a, 'Amr b. Surlqa, 
ilhh b. al-A.qam; two shares eacli 10 
[> the son of Abdullah b. 
it, Ubayyh. Ka'b, Mu'5dh 
I). 'Afra\ \bj Taiha and I.lasan. Jabl.iir b. Sakhr, ISbir b. 'Abdullah b. 
Ri'Ib, Malik b. Sa'sa'a, Jabir b. 'Abdullah b. 'Amr, tlie s„n „1 II„Javr, 
the son of Sa'd b. Mu'adh, SalSma b. Salama, 'Abiiu'1-Rahman b. Thahit, 
7S1 Abu Sharik, Abu 'Abs b, Jabr, Mtihammad b. Maslama and 'Ubida b. 
Tariq (7761 ; lialf a sharc cach to Jabr b. 'Atik and the two sons of al-Harith 
b. Qays ; one share to Ihn Haaama. Such is our information about the 
allacation of Khaybar and Wldi'i-Qura (777). 



ABYSSINIA (778) 
These are the names of the prophet's companions who stayed in Abyssinia 
until he sent 'Amr b. Umayya alOatmi to the NegOB to 1'cicli tluin bacl ia 
two boats and who ultimately rejoined him in Khaybar after al-Hudaybiya: 
From B. Hishirn: Ja'f,ir b. Ahu Tiilib with lus wiic Asma' d. 'l'mavs ; : 
and his son 'Abdullah who was born to htm in Abyssinia. Ja ' 1 1, l.ill, 
at Mu'ta in Syria when acting as the apostle*s amir. I man. 

From B. 'Abdu Shams: Khahd b. Sa'id b. al-'As b. Umayya with h,s 
wife Lmayna d, Khalat b. As'ad (779); his two children Sa'id and Ama 
begotten in Abyssinia (Kbiiliii was killcd .11 Marj ai-Suffar- in thecaliphate 
of Abu Bakr) ; his brother 'Amr whose wife, Fatima d. Saiwan b. Umayya 
la b. Muharnth al-Kinani, died in Abyssinia ('Amr was killed at Ajnadayn in 
Syria during the caliphate of AbO. Bakr). 

With reference to 'Amr b. Sa'Id his father Sa'id b. al-'A., b, 1 mawa 
AbuUhayhasatd: 

O 'Amr, I wish that I knew about you whether 
When you carry arms when your arms have grown strong 
Wiil joii Iea ' ,],,,|1 ifta.ii 111 such disorder 
As will disclose the rage they retain in their breasts ? 



The Life of Muhammad 

■ 



!n dead in Zurayba would rise from the grave 



AnJ deal with the man at ha 
And Mu'ayqib b. Abii Fatima 

al-Ash'ari 'Abdullah b. Qays, an 

'Abdu Shams. 4. 

From B. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza 
From B. 'Abdu'1-Dar: Jahm 

Khuzt 



: 'Umar's guardian of the 
db. al-'As;andAbtiMusi 
mily of 'Utba b. Rabi'a b. 



Qays with his two sons 






d (she d: 



From B. Zuhra b. Kilab : 'Amir b. Abu Waqqis and 'Utba b. Mas'ud 
ally of theirs from Hudhayl. z. 

From B. Taym b. Murra: Al-rjarith b. Khalid whose wife Rayta d. 
Hirith b. Jubayla die J in Abyssinia I . 

From B. Jumah b. 'Amr: 'Uthman b. Rabi'a b. Uhban, I. 

From B. Sahm b 'Amr Mahmi I , illj ol theirs from 

Zubayd. The apostle put him in charrrc d 

From B. 'Adiy b. Ka'b: Ma'mar b. 'Abdullah. I. 

From B. 'Amir: Abu Hitib b, 'Amr; Mahk b. Rabi'a with lns v 
'Amra d. al-Sa'dI b. Waqdan. 2. 

m B. al-Harith b. Fihr: AUiirith b. '. 



Thewido- 



h.r „' 



re also hrought il 
whom the Negus sent in the two t 



b. Umayya V, 

Of those who migrated to Abyssinia and did not return until after Badr 
and the Negus did not send in the two boats to the apostle ; and those who 
came afterwards aild those who died in Abyssinia werc : 

From B. Umayya b. 'Abdu Shams: 'Ubaydullah b. Jahsh, an all, fmm 
Asad of Khuzayma with his wife Umm Habiba d. Abii Sufyan and his 
daughter Habiba from whom Abu Sufyin's daughter got her kunya, her 
own name being Ramla. 'Ubaydullah had migrattd witb tiic Mibliins, 

hi n_ il rl 1 I I 1 rh, apoatle atterwards married his wife. 

Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr fiom 'Urwa told me about Ubay- 784 
dullah's turning Christian and said: When he passed by the apostlc's 
; opened but yours veiled,' i.e. 



S 28 The Life of Muhammad 

We c.in see clt.arly hn: yoii are only trying to sce: you can't yet s.-t. cl.siily, 
the metaphor being taken irom a puppy who tries to open its eyes and 
Autters them before he can do so, i.e. We have opencd our eyes and we see, 
htlt v„„ bave not opened your eyes to see though you are trying to do so. 

And Qays b. 'Abdullah of B. Asad b. Khuzayma wbo wjs l.ilhcr of 
I rara <i. Q:iys whu uas with Umm Hablba, and his wife Baraka d. 
Yasar, the freed slave of Abii Sufyan. Tney were the two roster-mothers 
of 'Ubayduikib b. Jahsh and Liiim Habiba d. Abu Sufyan. They took 
them with them when he migrated to Abyssinia. 2 men. 

From B, Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza: Yazid b. Zama'a who waa kill.-.i :■ 
ii il ll II i ii \ i I i i I i I n i I i 

■ 'ii I Dar- Al,i.'l-lUm b. Umayr and Firas b. al-Nadr. 2. 

From B. Zuhra b. Kilab: Al-Muttabb b. Azhar with his wtfe Ramla d. 
Abu'Aufb. Pubayiaiilin.iu.lp Ahi» inia, She barc him there 'Abdullah 
h. ai-Muttalib. ll v.as said tiiat he was the fi»t man in Islam to inherit his 
father's pnjperty. i. 

From B. Taym b. Murra: 'Amr b. 'UthmSn who was killed at Qadisiya 
with Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas. I. 

From B, Makhzum b. Yaqaza : Habbar b. SufySn b. 'Abdu'1-Asad killed 
at Ajii.i.lay„ in Abii Bakr's caliphatc; and his brother 'Abdulkh killed in 
5 Ihc vcar i.f :i\-~- arniiik in 'U,iuir's caiiphate. (There is doubt as to whether 
he was killed there or not); and Hisham b. Ahu Hudhayfa. 3. 

From B. Jumah b. 'Amr: Hatib b. al-Harith and his two sons Muham- 
mad and al-TIirith with his wife FStima d. al-Mujallal, Hatib died in 

boats; and his brother Hattab with his wife Fukayha d. Yasar. He dicd 
there as a Muslim and iiis wife Fukayha came in one of the boats ; and 
Sufyan b. Ma'mar b. Habib a„. 1 Jabir v, ith thei. 

mother Hasana, and their balf-brother I", tbeir rootber Shurahbil b, 
I Laaona. SurySna aad Jahir died in the caliphate of 

From B. Sahm b. 'Amr: 'Abdullah b. al-Hnrith who died in Abyssinia; 
and Qays h. Hudhala; and Abu Qays b. al-Harnh wbo was killed at al- 
Yamama in the caliphate of Abu Bakr ; and 'Abdullah b. Hudhata who was 
the apostIe's envoy to Chosroes; and al-Harith b. al-HSrith b. Qays; and 
Mamar b. al-Harith ; and Bishr b. al-I.Iarith and a son of his mother from 
B.'lamlm calle.l S.i'id h. 'Amr ith.i wus kilU.d at Ajtiadayn in the cali- 
phate of Abu Bakr; and Sa'Id h, al-Harith who was killcd 111 tlu voar of 
al-Yarmuk in the caliphate of 'Umar; and aI-Sa'ib b. al-Harith who was 
wounded at al-Tj it 111, , I I 11 I ittk of Fihl' inthe 

caliphate of 'Umanjthers say in the light at Khaybar; and 'Umiyr b. 
Ri'ab who was killed at 'Ayn al-Tamr with Khr.lid b. al-Walid wlicii hc 
16 came from al-Yamama in the caliphate of Abu Bakr. II men. 
' I» Syra, Cf. Vlq. 853. 



The Lifr u f Muhammad 529 

From B. 'Adiy b. Ka*b: 'Urwa b. 'Abdu'I-'UzzS wlu. died in Abyssinia; 

jih! '.\div i-. Nadla who also died there. 2. 

'Adiy had a son called al-Nu'man who returned uith thc Muslims. In 

the caliphate of 'Umar he was put over Maysan in thc disiri..: : A IS.tsia. 

Hasn't al-Hasna' 1 heard that her husband in Maysan 

And dancing-girls pirouette on tiptc-e. 

If you'rc my ftiend, give me a drink in the krgest cup, 

Don't give me the smallest half broken! 

l'crluips thc cn.iiniun.liT nt ;'-...• taitbtul wi!l lakc it umiss 

Thal i .in-. 1 1 1 :i ■ 1 1 1 ■ ■ r in 1 iuniblcdown castle! 

When 'Umar heard of these yerses hesaid: 'He's right, by God, I do 
takc it amissi Anyonc ivho ^.-cs Iiiin t:jn relE tiini that I Lnv iic-..oscu hiin. 1 
Aftct his deposliiim lic t-aine t..i ' i. niar iiiiJ i-lciu!i.! tiut lic Ita.l ncvt-r 
acted m Ihe way that his verscs implied, but that he was a poet who 
wrote in their exaggerated v.ay. 'Uinai -epliod that as lon;; js iic licetl !ie 
would never act as his governor after having uscd such words. 

Proiri B, 'Aiiiir b. Giialib: Salit b. 'Amr who was the apostlcs tmn. t„ 
Haudha b. 'Ali al-HanafI in al-Y'amama. I. 

From B. al-Harith b. Fihr: 'Uthman b, 'Abdu Ghanm; and Sa'd b. 
'Abdu Qays; and 'lyad b. Zuhayr. j. 

The total number of those who were not at Baur nnj Ji.l ni>: i..:;ic to tlie 
apostle in Mecca, and those who came afterwards, and those whom the 787 
Negus did not s.-iu^ in tti. ti.'. ...aus i.as 34 men. 

The names of those who died in Abyssinia and their cli 
1'roin ii. ' \luiu Siuins: ' Ubaydullah b. Jahsh who dicd a Clirisiuui 
' ad b. 'Abdu'l-'U//J: ' \m: !., 1 mawa b. al-ldarith. 
mah: I.Ialil, !u l-lljri-]. ...,J lu. br.ither Ilattab. 
Ii. Sahm b. 'Amr: 'Abdullah b. al-Harith. 
i.'Adivb.Ka'h:'['ti,i,h.'Aluhi'l-'t „:, an.rAdiyb.Nadla. 7 men. 
' " 1; Mijsl b. al-Harith b. Khalid b. Sakhr b. 'Amir from 



I,. M„r: 



back ai 






imbcr of women who migrated to Abyssinia, thos< 
o died there was iu wom.ii liciJcs tticit. 
r.- ,vh.i c.iiic hack and who died thcre and 



From Quraysh of B, Hashim : Ruqayya d. of the apostle. 

l',.„„ I!. I ,„:,yy:i: L 1111,1 llabiha d. Aliu Suly.u, mlh h.-i datighter 
llabibii. Shc took iicr i.ith licr froin \Iccc, .„,d tlu-i rcturned togethcr. 

From B. Makhlum: Umm Salama d. Abu Umayya. Shc brought back 
her daughter Zaynab whom she bore there. 






\e Lije of Muhammad 
B. Taym b. Murra: Rayta d. al-Harith b. Jubayia who t 



id hcr two daughters 'A.'isha and Zayi,ab bv al-Harith born 
inAbyssinia. They all, together wnh ii:ci: brot lv, M r,s.i b. al-Harith, died 

. ll | . i.i . Ir .1 .. .- I _' t.ul s r I r. . I . ■ 

I i.hmb 'Amr Ramla d. Abii 'Auf b. Pubayra. 

From B. 'Adiy b. Ka'b: Layla d. Abu Hathraa b. Ghanim. 

From B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy: Sauda d. Zama'a b. IJays; and Sahla ,1. 
;8 Suhayl b. 'Amr and his daughter al-Mujrdlal ; jnd 'Amrn d al-Sa'di b 
Watidan; and 1'mm Kiilthum d. Suhayl b. 'Amr. 

From distant Arab tribcs : Asma'd.'Umays b. al-Nu'mSn aI-Khath'amiya ; 
ai. .1 l-utima .1. Sarwin b. Umayyab. Muharrith al-KinSniya ; and Fukayha 
.i. Yassr; an.l Baraka d. Yasar; and Hasana Umm Shurabbil b. Hasana. 

Tlitisc mlii- iiarnps nf tllt chihlrcn who tv,-i,- hoin li. Ihi m in Abyssinia: 

Krom "!. Ilashim: 'Ahdudah I: J.i'[,it b. Abii Taljb. 

*1, 'Abdu Shams: Muhammad b. Abi" Hudhayla ; and Sa'kl b. 



M.jii.l 



II- Mak)izfim: Zavnab d. Abu Salama b. al-Asad, 
Jir. B. Zuhra: 'Abdullah b, al-Muttalib b. Azhar. 
Dm B. Taym: Muaa b. al-J-Jarith b. Khalid and his sis 
■'. . . rutb. 5 boys and 5 girls. 



'I' •"' il 'i Iraiii Ki.av! . 1 iia siijtd thcre from 

1 1 I l 1 I 

'!'!" !i" l-tja'da— the month in whicli thc poiylbcisls h.i.l prerentcd 

him from pilgnmagi: — l,c wcnt i.ut :<i matnj thc 'tuliillcd pilgrimage' (780) 
in place of the 'umra from which thcy iiatl t\ci:idetl hini. 
19 1 iiosc Muslims wh„ ha.I !», r, ,-m ludcd ssith him went aut in A.H. 7, and 
heardofittheygotoutofhisway. Q ur .n^l . u „, .,, , ng 



!:"!']„:> 



thcmschts, 'Muh 



-''tl„ 1 1 n iht d 1 thc j,-,i,'i| hnuse to look at him and 

panions, andwhenthi I , I t m,isque hc threw the end of his 

cloak over his left shoulder lcaving his right upper arm free. Then he said : 

who shows them today that he is strong." 

id went out trotting' as " ' ' 
aled him from them an 



Then he kissed' the s 



The Life of Muhammad 531 

hrly three circuits and walked the rest.* Ibn 'Abbas used to say, 'People 
used to think that this practice was not incumbcnt on them because the 
apostle raily iii.i it far this clan .,f Q,tn,ysh hecause of what he had heard 
about them until when he madi ;e he adhtred to it 1 

and the mtmtl carried it on.' 

'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that when the apostle entered Mecca on 
that pilgrimage 'Abdullah b. Rawaha was holding the halter of hia camel 

Get out of his way, you unbelievers, make way. 2 

Every good thing goes with His apostle. 

O Lord I believe in his wotd, 

F know God's' truth in accepting it'. 

We will fight you about its interpretattW 

As we have fought you about its revelation 

With strokes that wiil remove heads friim shoulders 

And make friend unmindful of friend (781). 
Aban h. Salih and 'Abdullah b. Abu Najih from 'Ata' b. Abu Rabith. and 7' 
Mujihid Abu'1-HajjSj from Ibn 'Abbas told me that the ap.. 1 ' 
Maymiina d. al-1 1 bil when he was karam. Al-'Abbis 

b. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib married him to het (^Sa)." 

The apostle rema ■, :vtib b. 'Abdu'l- 

( , tbu Qaysl \H !l I 1 I 1 t 

Otinysh camc to h.i-ii un ■ iic third d»y because Quraysh had entrusted him 
with the duty of sending the apostle out of Mecca. They said : ' Your time 
is up, so gct out. from us.' The apostlc answercd: 'rl<jv, wo.ild it himi you 
if you were to let me stay and I gave ■ wedding feast among you and we 
prepared food and you came too?' Thtv rcpl ! !on't nes-d 

food, so get out.' So the apostle went out and left Abu Rafi' his client in 
chargeof Mavmf.it itil 1 ■ 1 ' , him m Sanf s (T Thcapostle 

ordered them to change thr '— 
CameU were hard to com 



le allowed them to offcr 






Rah,'s, InJu m ada'l-OlahesenttaSyriah,sforcevvhiLh „ ttM !, disastcr 
in Mu'ta. 

Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr from 'Urwa b. aI-Zubayr said: The 
1 ' ' " i I !l I ' I' I I ' I ' iIk Vear8 and put 

Z E yd h. Ihintlm in command; if Zayd were slain then Ja'far b. Abu TalLb 
was to take command, and if be were killed then Abdul! ■ , , B b 
The expeditlon got ready to the number of 3,000 and prepared to start. 
Whenthey wereabouttosetofTtheybadefareweIl tu the ip tle's 1 icfs 
: of the chiefs 



Eut I ask the Merciful's pardbn 
And a wide open wound discharging blood, 
Or a deadly lanCL-ilnn r 1 r il, ,, ,, , 

That will pierce the bowels and !iver; 

W :> 11121 ineil will >;iy when l!;Cy piiS:, 111, Linr.C. 

'God guide him, f,ne raidcr thitt hc waw, he did wt 






to bid him farewe 



t,'Abdullah 



m the good things He gave you 
is he conhrmed them 10 Moscs with vietory.- 
1 perceived gcodness in you by a natural gift. 
God knows that I can see deeply. 
You are the apostle and he who is deprived of hil 
And the sight of him has no real nn il, [7841 
Then thc people marched forth, the apostle accompanyin, 



May P c 



in the !h: 



Jf Bali of Irasha called Malik b. 2afila. 
:y spent two nights at Ma'an pondering 
r of writing to the apostle to tell him of 



K Life 0/ Muhean 



533 



they m 

ssiynii:, Wi.-n. 

strength 

are fine: victon 

right/ So they 

back: 

We urged on our horses f: 
Their bcllics gorged with 



;ifhesentreinf<ii 
orders. 'Al.didlah b. Rawaha e 
ju dishke is that wldch y:m h, 






nartyrdom. We are not iighting the enemy with numbers, or 
or multiUde, but «1 ir, n I 1 1 I 1 1 ng| them with this 

A-ith which God has honoured us. So come on! Both prospects 1< 
martyrdom.' The m 



idullah said co 



1 Aja' and Far\" 
grass they had eaten. 

We gave them as snocs tnc smooth hard ground, 

Its surface smooth as leather. 

I ' 1 I 1 

After their rest they were full of sp 



nt fon 






iree ta 



The hot wind blowing in their nc 

I swear that we wili come to Ma'Ib 

Though Arabs and Greeks be there. 

\W: arranged their hridles and they came furiously, 



rmy whose helmets as thcir points 



. 



Then the army went forward, and 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me 
!u wl.s ml.l Ili.u /..iv. n ArLjam aaid: I was an orphan child of 'Abdu 
b. Rawaha and hc took me with him on this expcdition riding on the 1 
of his saddle, and as he joumeyed by night I heard hi 
Yeisesorhia: 1 

Then enjoy life and bear no blame 

And may I never return to my people at home. (And when) 

The Muslims have gone and left me 

In Syria where I wish to 



Anda 
Though n 



, blood relation, has 1 



in God, 






, back, 



L 



The people went forward un.tii uheii lluy ,vL-re oii tln- (-.Mr^-T.s of 
Balqa" thc Greek and Arab forces of Heraclius raet them in a vil]age cs 

' 'I ii 1 u m approached, theMuslimswithilrL-wKidul 

called Mu'ta. There the forces met and the Muslims mailL- ti'eir rlisj: 
tions, putting over the right wing Qutba b. Qatada of the I). Tdhra, 
o LrthclLtl ,mii, ,], \„s,iri ,11,, I biiy; i Miihi- (7S6) 

I 1 , I lli 

dard, until he died from loss of blood among the spears of the eiicmy. I 
Ja'far toot if an.! nnighr witll it Ulltil ,vhnl li.c battle 1,,-irmrJ hiin ii 
jumpcd off his roan and hamstrung her and fought till he was tilled. J: 
was the hrst man in Islam to hamstring his horse. 

Yaliy.i 1, \l,l 1 , V 1,11 I I / I , m his father who s 

'i\i> !,».<! er-Uher, who was of the B. Murra b. 'Auf, and was in the M 

Welcome Paradise so near, 
Sweet and cool to drink its cheer. 
Greeks will sc 
fnfidels, of de 



i have much to fear 



Why should you spurn Paradise ? 

Long have you been at ease. 

You are nothing but a drop in a worn-out stin ! 

O s,,„l, if you are iinl killei! \ou wili die. 
This u the fate of death which you i.utiei ' 
You hare heen given what \ou hoped for. 

iinii his l,vo cuiiipanions Zayd and Ja'far. Then he dismoun 



Tke Life of Mnhammad 
with a meat bone, saying, 'Strengthen yours 



:. Thcn he heard thc so 



way, sayinij 






11 , . 



, che iini' 



died hghting. Then Thabit b. Aqram took 
of B. al-'A;Un. He called on the Muslims to rally round one man, and 
when thc, wanted to rally to him he demurrec aiul thri ,-.dii,-,l ,., Kh.ili, 
b. al- WalTd. \YI1e11 lie tonk the standard he tried to keep the enemy off and 

ent. 1 Then he retreated and the enemv turned aside 

t away with the m, 






tten the 7« 
as killcd 



adfought with it „:,-: !„■ 
as „ mariy r ; then Ja'far toot it and fought until hc was tilled as 
ir r 1 1 I t I 1 t he Ansar fell ailii ll 

something disastrous had happenL-,1 ;,, 'Abi.lti!hih b. Rawilha. Thenhesaid: 
"Abdullaii toot it and fought by it until hc was killcd as a martyr. I saw in 
a vision that they were carried up to me in Paradise upon beds of gold. I 
saw ':\h,i,.ill.,h"s bed turning away from the beds of the other two, and 
,i,Iiii h , 1 ,,„ 1 , ' , i,l hesitated before 
he went forward.' 

<T. ' Abdullah b. Abu Batr told me that when the news of Ja'far's death T- i« 
reached the apostle he said, 'Ja'far went by vesterday with a company of 
aimcls inaKing for Blsha in the Yaman. He had two wings whose fore- 
Il.iiIilt' \\eicstainedwithblood.') 

•Ahdullah b. Aliu Eakr from L mm 'Isa al-Khura'iya from Umm Ja'far 
d. .\Inh„niiii;iLl h. JaTar b. Ahu Talib from her grandmuther Asiua' d 
'Umays said ; When JaTar and his companions wcre killed, the apostle came 
111 ln n:e when i h:„i just raniieii tnrtY skiiis (7S8) atui kneaded my dough 
; :J uilcd and cleaned my chililreii Ilc iiskLj ine to hrhie. iiini 
Ja'far's sons and when 1 did so he smelt them and his eyes hlled with tcars. 
I asted him whether he had hcard bad ncws about Ja'far and liis oim- 
panions, and he said that he had and that they had been killed that day. 
I got up and crted alcud and the women gathered to mc. The apostle 

WCIlt Ollt ',) llis 1:111 1 il '-, r.LLUIi: I )" !'"! Ul'vI,',.'1 |.,'i'.„''s i'„„,U\ Sl, HS ,!'.,t ll, 

provide them witli tood, lur they arc occupied with the Jisastn ihai has 
li:i;:pL-uL-Ll l„ iheir head.' 2 

'Alidii'1-Riih'iian b. al-Uasim h MuhamiiiaJ tolj rne liom liu fathei 
from 'A'isha tiie prophel's wifc wb.o sjid; Wlicn news of Jatar's death 

'TI11 \ unn troubl is anil Jistiub 11 I 1 ' I 1 1 nick 1111J 

quieten them. He wcnt but came baek again saying the same wotds. 



The Lije u/ Muhammad 






ented, 'Meddling < 


- 
:d to mysell, 


tllC 

Go, 


fuse thi 
1 corse 



i i i •!, , ' , I j nub nor are yoi 

:,. A" uliat tbe apostle said, 1 knew he could not throw dust in 
mouths.' 

Qutba b. Qatada al-'Udhn who was over the right nins: h:.d att 
Malik b. Zafila (T. leader of the mixed Arabs) and killed him, and s: 
I pierced Ibn Ziilj!,: !v id-lrash :vitl, ;t -;;iea, 
Whieh weiit through him and then broke. 
1 piec his. ncck a blc-w 
Sn rliai h,- iient like a hm •.■;; 

On the day of RaqQqayn as sheep (789), 

A kdhina of Hadas who heard about the advance of the apostle's 

had said to het people who were a c!an called B. Ghanm: 

I v- arn you of a proud people 

Who are hostile in tht-ir i>a/.e. 



Is Hadas remained a large and prosperous tribe. Those who 
took part in the war that diiy, the li. Tha'laba a clan of Hadas, remained 
insigiiili-ant. When Khalid went off with the men he taok the homeward 



and the I 

T;;. ;vf 
inthewi. 



they got r 









from 'Amir b. 'Abdullah b. 



b. Abtl Bakr told m. 
from one of the family of al-Harith b. Hisham who were his mat< 

uiii.ii'!;. I'mm ] niiri Salaina tlie pr::phct's wife who said to the wil 
S:i!,,,ia h. rii,!iaiii I,. al-'As h. al-Mughira, 'Why is it that I do nm 
Salama at prav 1 , 1 ', , 1 illi the rest of the Muslims?' 
rt-nlicd, 'Ily (iod, hc can't go out. Wheneyer hc goes out the men cat 

Qays b. al " ' 






ut at all.' 

, .t .,. md the other m 



w Khalid 



,, .;.,,,. 



Whcn thi- horses were leaping forward : wit 
I ,mppcd -:-. rr ncilhcr asking help nor acti 
>.;■:- pi-oiei . me those for whom dcath was t 
However, I did but imitate Khalid 
And Khalid has no equa! in the army. 
My heart was moved for Ja'far in Mu'ta 



When 






And he linked up t 

Muhajirs not pv 
Thus Qays made clear in his verses 

the fact that Khalid and his mm avoided battle (790). 
Among the hmentationa ovcr the apostl 

Mu'ta are the lines of Hassan b. Thabit: 
A miserable night I had in Yathrib, 
Amiety that robbed me of sleep when others slept 
At the thought o£ a friend my tears ran fast. 
(Memory is oft the cause of weeping, 
Nay, the loss of a friend is a calamity, 

I saw the best of the believers follow one another ti 
Though some held back behind them. a 

May God receive the slain at Mu'ta who went one 

Among them Ja'far now borne on wings, 

Antl Zayd and 'Abdullah whcn they too fnllowed 

When the cords of death were active 

On the day they wenron with thc htlii • :is. 

Thc fortunate radiant one leading them to death. 

Bright as the full moon— of HashWs sons, 

II ii! ■ , ... 111 • 1.1, _■, ■ laringly bold, 
ik; lotight till lic lcll unpillowril 

On tbc battlcrield, a broken shaft in his body. 
Hc has hia reward with the martyrs, 
i I . ,i hng trees. 

We _jv in JaT.ir a inan lnva] to Muiiailtm '■!. 



In Iskm they ar 

Splenditl leatlcrs 



. 



id the t 



„, .|a',:i,a 



Arid the sap of thc waod from which he was squeezed.' 
By thcm rchel' comes in every hard dusty fight 
Whenever men are in a tight corner. 
They are the friends of God Who sent down IIis wistlrar 
And among them is the purihed bringer of the Book. ! 
Ka'bb. Maliksaid: 






s slept my eye shed tei 



As though I had to shepherd Ursa 

'Twas 3s though betwcen my ribs and bowels 

A burning piercing pain afflicted me, 

: ih ■ se uhc oiie after another 
Were Ieft lying that day in Mu'ta. 
God bless them, the heroes, 
And may plcnteous rains refresh their boncs! 
". '!,_■ lincct, ;hcmselves for God's sake 
To ignore tbe fear of death and cowardly f.aihirt 

l 1 n trontof the Mushms 

Like stallion foals, clad in long mail 

When tliey were led by Ja'far and his rtag 

Iu -iront tdtlicit' leaJer, :ind wliat a :li,i: le.i.lcr. 

Until the ranks were breached and Ja'far 

Wlicrc iIil r:,:ib v.i-:i- trappcd lay prostrate. 

The moon lost its radiance at hrs deatb, 

The sun cclipsed antl wellmgh dark. 

A chict' of hitrl, !itie:t<.c In.irc Hashim, 

Iti lnftv einincncc anti tiiilhority iiuith, 

A peoplc by wboiri < hitl protc " : .1 1 1 s -..-', 

Te tiiciti v. as sent down the reyealed book. 

Tln-y esrclkd othei nibes in glory and hor 

And ilnii crligbtcne:! rninds <ovcnd in, il 

Thcy would not embai 

You ciiiilc! scr tln-ir spcki-r cleeiditlg juslly. 



ib!e, 



,,-:-. 



The Life of Mulmmmad 
Their faces welcomed, tlieir haiid.s gave Ircely 
When days of famine would excuse parsimony. 
God was plcased with thcir guklancc t.j" I !:V cie.i' inn 
And by their good fortune the apostolk prophet was vi 
Hassan b. Thabit mourning Ja'far: 

I wept, and the death of Ja'far the prophet's friend 

ssed, and wben I heard of youi de.tth s.iid, 
Wno :s fnr lighting by the flag Hawk and its shadow 






n irci: 



Striking and lances pierdng again an<l again ? 
Now Ja'far, Fatima's blessed son, is dead, 
The best of all creatures, most heavy is his loss, 
Nobkst of al! in origin, and most powerful 
When wronged, most submissive to right 
Whcn it was rndubitably true; 
Most open-handcd, leasi ,r: unsei'ifilirics.<; 
Most laeish in generosity and kindness, 
Always excepting Muhammad, 
Whom no living bcing can equal. 
Mourning Zayd b. Haritha. and 'Abdullah b. Rawaha he sa 
O c:ie, b<- gcTienms with ihe last ilrnp of tliy lcars 
And remembcr in thy ease those in their graves. 
Renwmber Mu'ia «nd what happenet tliere 
When they went to theic dtdeat, 
Wkcn lh L -> returned leaving Zayd there. 
Happy be the abode of thc poor one, tmpristmed !u. iln 
The friend of the bcst of all creatures, 

Ahmad who has no cqual, 

My sorrow and my joy are for him. 

2 ' .,-. ititin with us 

Was not that of a man deceieed. 

I(< gcnerous e.iih thy itars fov llic Kliazrajitc, 2 

He was a chicf who gave freely there. 

We have suHercd enoiigh by tln-ir death 

And pass the night in joyless grief. 



A Muslim poet > 
Enough ea 






54° Tht Life of Muhammad 

They met their end when they went their way 
And I with the survivors am left to life's sorrows. 

To death's loathed pool of blood. 

The names of those who died a martyr's death at Mu'ta: 

Of Quraysh: of the clan of B. Hashim, Ja'far and Zayd. 

Of 1!. 'Adiy b. Ka'b: Mas'ud b. al-Aswad b. IIaritha'b. Nadla. 
= Of II Mahk !,. l.lisl: Wal.h b. Sa'd 1,. ,\bf, Sai+i. 

Of thc Ansar: of tbe clan of B. al-Harith b. ai-Khairaj, 'Abdullah b. 
Rawaha and 'Abbld h. Qays. 

Of B. Ghanam b. Malik b. al-NajjSr, al-Harith b. Nu 'man b. Us5f b. 
Nadlab. 'Abdb. 'Aufb. Ghanam. 

Of B. Mazin b. al-Najjar, Suraqa b. 'Amr b. 'Atlya b. Khansi' (791). 



Watir thcir 



Ths Life of Muhammad 



54' 



;I1 back and cc 



al-Hadrami called Malik b. 'Abhild— the Hadrami being at that time all 
of al-Aswad b. Razn— had gone out on a traiing ioornej; and when 
reached the middle cif tlie Khuzii'a country rln-y artacked and killed ti 
and took his possessions. So B. Baltr attacked a man of Khuza'a and kil 
him;andjustbiiii I 1 I 1 A i nt b R 

1 I 1 , t r .1 1 lIikIs of B. Ktnana— Salma, K 

thum, and Dhu'ayb — and killed them in 'Arafa at the boundary stones 
the sacred area. 
>3 OneoftheB. al-Diltol 
!e bloodwit bei 
cjnlj gol .1 single bloodwit 

While B. Bakr and Kliuza'a were thus at enmity Islam interrened and 
occupied men's minds. When the peace of Hudayblya was eoncluded 
between the apostlc and Quraysh ont nf thc , t 1 I 1 1 1 11 

al-Zuhri toldme fr.,m 1 1 1 I, 1 il ., ,„ I I,„. „ b Makhrama 
aitd Marw&D b. al-H; 1 - r:i ., . 

wanted to enter into a treaty relationship with either party could do so ; the 
B. Bakrjoined Qu ..I ihc apostle. When the armis- 

tke WM establishcd B. al-Dil of B. Bakr took advantage of it against 
KhiiM a in their desirc to revenge themselves on them for the sons of 
Aswad whom they had ktlled. So \autal b. Mu'3wiya al-Dili, who was 
r „1 1 1 tl, in ,j it , 11 al Dil, thuugb all the B. Bakr 
did not ioIIow him, and attackcd 1. 11. . j .. „_l - . 11 le they were at al- 



he fight, Quraysh helped B. Bakr wi 
f,.iu;lii v.iih rhc.Tii si t ti ■:!;, under cm-cr uf the night until they drovc Khu- 
za'a into the sacred area. When they reached it ihe B. Bakr said, 'O 
Naufal, we are in the sacred area. Remember your God, remember your 
God!' He replied in blasphemous words that he had no god that day. 
'Take your revenge, ye sons of Bakr. By my hfe, if you used to steal in the 
sacred area, won't you take vengcance in it?' Now on the night they 
attacked them in al-Watir they k,l I ,, dh Mi„i a l>!.= ,l ,I,Ij„1 
gone out with one of his tribesmen called Tamlm b. Asad. Munabbih had 

wherlier they kiElcd hiui ,,r 1.1 hi,i, ■;■:, ic>: liri licart liad given out. So 
Tamim made off and escaped and Munahbih was overtaken and killed. 
When Khii/.aa entered Mecca they took refuge in the house of Budayl b. 
Warqa' and the house of a freed slave of theirs called R_.fi' . 

Tamlm in excusing himself for running away irom Munabbih said : 8, 

When I saw the B. Nufatha had advanced 

Covering every plain and hill, 

Roekand upland, no on. 

■: . ■ 

And I remembered the old blood feud hetween us, 

A legacy of years gone by ; 

And I smelt the odour of death comtnj 

And feared the stroke of a sharp sword 

And knew that they would leavc hiti: thcy sniotc 

Meat for mother lions and carrion for crows, 






Have not the most distant Ahabish 1 heard 

That we repulsed B. Ka'b in impotcnt disgracc p 

\\"c ritaile rlii.-!it kccp 11: ihc ;K,elling ,jf the sl:iv, Rilti' 

And they were connned helpless with Budayl 

In the house of a low person who accepts humiliation 

.-itt.r we had slakcd our vcngeance on them with the sword. 

We held them there for many a day 



The Life of Muham 



■['l:,-v li 
AnJ iv, 






lc. .,'l.J 1,1 



\\ l l L i n \ ill u n r ' i i i, , n, tln i h , 

They were like young ostriches Ln full night.' 
Butlayl b. 'Abdu Manai b. Salama li. 'Amr b. al-Ajabb who w 
Budayl b. L"mm Asram answered him thus: 

May those people lose one another who boast 

Sinee we left them no ehief to call them to assembly save N. 

\V:is II for i'c:n i>[ :i peliplc you scorn 

That you went past al-Watir fearful, never to retum ? 

b\cry day wc givc to othcrs ro pay bloodwit for those they ha 

i i i i l ' , | i i „ nur bloodwit 

We camc to your home in al-Tal^a, 1 

Krom Baul aiul Ttwad 1 tu tlic sitipcs of Radwii 
Wc bcttlott' tlic attscks of horsemen. 

We tcrrificil hirti with .1 doughty leader, 

Was it becausc thc miitlicr i>:' oiic ol" \ ,»u Jcfccated in her houi 

Wbile \o,i wtre leaping about that we mct no „pri„M;LLijt : 
By GoJ's Iiiiusl you hc, you did not iight 
But we Ieft you in utter confusion {793). 
When Quraysh anJ B. Bakr had combined against Khuza'a ar 
some of thcm, therehy brcakmg tlicir cnwinaritcd word with thc ;!] 
ciolaliiio Khuza':i who wcrc in rreaty \vilh him, 'Amr b. Salim al- 
of the clart of B. Ka'b «cnt to thc apostlc in Medina. (This lei 
conquest of Mecca.) I b; slood liy liim ,is he w.is sitting among th( 
the r ...clic and said: 

O Lord, I come to remind Muhammad 
Ol" thc old aliiancc hctwccn our fathers. 
You are sons for whom we provided the mother, 
Then we made peace s and hav< 




Hcliius 
And ca 



The Life of Muhammad 
guide yoit, 
ipostle of God prcpared fo 



■w Gtui 



When he is 

Wtth a great army foaming like the sea. 
Yerily Quraysh have broken their promise to you, 
Thcy ii.i\ , vioIatcd their pledged word, 
And they set men to watch out for me in Kada. ! 
Thcy daim tliat I can get no one to help us 
And they but a miserable few. 
Thcv aicickcil ns :it uiglit in al-Watir 
And killcd us as we performed the ritual p. 
apostle said, 'May you be helped O 'Amr b. Salim!' J Then as a 



lid, "1'iiis cltiud 
with a numt 



hi-ip t'„r :i;, [<. 
tnd how Quraysh had hclped 



Tlicc. Budayl b. Warqa' ca 
in Medina and told him of their mtstort 
B. Bakr against them. Having done s 
apostle said, T think you will see Abu Sufytin coming to strengthen the 
1 r 111, nt aiiil :„ 1 t„i 111 111 1 ' "< 1 1, I 1 li 1 11 ' 1 ,„iif aiutins 
had got as far as 'TJsfan 4 they met Abu Sufyan who had been sent by 
Quraysli to strengthtn thc agrccmcnt witb rhe iipiisllt and 10 ask for ,111 
estension, for they were afraid ol the cuBSiCju, ' oesojtwhat they had done. 
Abu Suty.ln askcd Hndayl wbcnce he had comc because lie suspeclcd him St 

„1 , I lg 1,11 1 I I tl ] 1 tl I 1 I I ,1 II ll II „ ll -'lllL 

and thc bottom of tiiis \allev wiili tlic Khuza'a, and denied that he had 
been to Muhsmmad, When Budayl had gone off to Mccca Ahii bulyiir 
said, Tf Budayl caint- t.i Mcdina hc will ha.ve givcn ius camcls tlatcs to cat 



rj lookcj at the stoncs. 'ByGod, Is 






Iboiiiii :ii'i'„L'il lil Mc, lir.:', lic U1'IV i" ti, lii: ,3;lu:ti:lcr I Itllll Ilablb.l anj 
as he went t„ sit 1111 tlic aptistle's carpet she folded it up so that he cmild niit 
siton it. 'Mydear daughter,' he said, 'I hardlv knoc, iiyou think tii.it tiic 
carpet is 100 good for me or that I aro too gotnl f„r tlic rariict!' Slie rcplicil 
It is 1.1 ic ,i:,'istlc's carpet and ycu are an unclean polytheist. I do norwant 
yoti tosn „ii tiic apcstlt:'scarpct.' 'By God,' hesaid, 'siucc ymi lcft iiic voii 
have gone tothe bad.' Tlien he went to thc apostlc. wiiu winilil 1111! spcik 
to him; hc thcn w,i:.l to Aln. liakr and askcd lnm tn spcak :„ tlic uiiostlc 

uitcrccdc for you with the apostle! If I had only an ant I woiibl fight ytni 
with it.' Then he went in to sce 'Ali w ith wliom was latima the Jpostle's 



544 Tke Life of MuliMnrtuul 

daughter who had with her [ AlI's little son Hasan crawling in front of her, 

He appealed to 'AII on the ground of their close relationship to intercede 

■ ■.-lii- 50 that he uould not have to rcturn disappointed; but he 

answered that If the apostle had determined on a thing it was usdess for 

anyone to talk. to him about it ; so he turned to Fatima and said, ' O daughter 

of Muhammad, will you let your littJe son hcn i .1 n I i ■ 

men so that he may become lcrd of the Arabs for ever?' She replied thttt 

her little boy was not old enough to undertake such a task and in any case 

3 none could give protection against God^s apostle. He then asked for r A!l's 

:. . I do not see anything that can 

really help you, but you are the chief of B. Kinana, so gct up :.ino j/>-;.;.nt 

pini:.;,:) i iKtween men and then go back home.' When he asked if he 

thought that that would do any good he replied that he did not, but that 

he could see nothing dsi.-, Ylu :v:iy;i:i Abu Sufyan got up in the mosque 



).l;rr. 



~:u: net 



l;i him., tl:.at 1k: yoE IV: good from Abu 
'L T maranimplacableetiemy(7t> ; j Hu Illil! 



camel and rode c 
Muhammad would not speali 
QuhahYs son, and that he foum 
iinmd 'Ali the most helphil and 

he did not know whether it wouia ao any gooa. ne toia tnem wnat ne naa 
done and when they asked whether Muhammad had endorsed his words, 
he had to admit that he had nor. They complained that 'Ali had made a 
Fool of him and that his pranouncement was paludess, and V- statd tbU Iw 
eould fmd nothing else ta do or say, 
The apostle ordered prtpjrdti i i . lw mui I - i ™< md Abii Eakr 

equipment. He asked if the apostle had ordered her to get things ready, 
he said that he had, and that her father had better get ready also. She 



:ie informed th 









egoing. I 



Hassan h. Thabit, in 
men of Kbuia'a, said : 


citingthemland, 


H^^l 


It pained mc though I did not set 
The men of Banu Ka'h with thcir 

And the many dead who uere h tl 


iii Mecca's valley 
heads cut orT 

unburied. 1 


Would injure 


Suhayl b. 'Amr, am 


1 Salwan 


^sr^oSS; 


l^^^^X^l 



The Life of Mntuwtmud 
That old camel who groans from his arse. 
This is the time for war— its girths are tigritened.' 
Don't feel safe from us, son of Umm Mujalid, 
When its pure milk is estracted and its teeth are crt 
Don't be disappointed, for our swords 



AV.il op 



::, ( 79 f>). 



ad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr and another 
that when the apostle decided to go to Mecca 
Hatib b. Abu Balta'a wrote a letter to Ouraysh telling them that the apostle 
intended to come at them. He gave it to a woman ivhom Muhammad b. 
Ja'far alleged wa^ I a>;int said she was 

Sara, a freed woman of one of the 15. 'Abdu'I-Muttalib. Hc paid her some 
money to carry it to Ojuraysh. She put the letter on her .head and then 
lait 11 iii r It l i il ttned news from 

heaven of Hatib's action and sent 'Ali and al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam with 
instruaions fi> pi .'.l:ir lier. Tiicy ovcrti>ok her in al-Khulayqa of B. Abu 
Aii::,.i.- Iii v made her dismount and searched her baggage but found 
nothing, 'Ali swore that the ap. ii nor could they, 

and that if »hc dij not produce the letter they wmilti strip her. When she 
saw that he was in earnest she told him to turn aside, and then she let down 
her locks and drew out the letter and gave it to him and he took it to the 
apostlc. The apostle summoned Hatib and asked him what induced him 
to act thus. He rcplied that he believed in God and His apostle and had S. 

Ouraysh and he had a son and a family there and that he had to deal 
prudciilly with tiiem for thcir sakes. 'Umar wanted to cut off his head as 
a i:i pocrite hut the apostle said, 'How do you know, 'Umar; perhaps God 
looked favourabiy on those who were at Badr and said, "Do as you please, 
lo. I :::i.. ■..>,::, ci.ivi.il." "riiitn Godsentdown conccrniug Hatih : 'O you 
who believe, choose not My em-r. 

kindncss' as fat as thewords 'You have a good example in Abraham and 
those with him when they said to their people: We are quit of you and 
uhat you worship beside God; we renounce you and between us and you 
enmity and hatred will ever endure until vou believe in God alone," 

I ,o,l ,i i lilirilrom^Ubaydullahb.-Abdul- 

lah b. 'Utba b. Mas'ud from ' Abdullah b. 'Abbas told me : Then the apostle 
went on his journey and put over Medina Abu Ruhm Kulthum b. Husayn 
b. 'Ulba b Khalaf al-GhiiSri. He went out on the joth of Ramadiin and 
Ic i I i o t t i I i i ! > ! I t ! 

and Amaj he broke his fast. He went on unti! he came to Marr al-Zahran 
with 10,000 Muslims; Sulaym numhered 700 and some say 1,000; and 
Muzayna 1,000; and in every tribe there was a considerable number and 
Islam. The Muhijirs and Helpers went as one man ; not one staycd behind, 



When th 



nt of the f 



:d Marr al-Kiihri 






nights Abfi Sufy;;„ !i. Harb and Hakim b. Hi>:;i[ii and !,i,ilay! !i Warq.l' 
went out searching for news by eyc or ear when al-'AbluK ha.l ::>,:: thc 
apostle in the way (797). 

AbQ Sufyln b. al-Harith b. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib and 'Abdulltih h. Ahii 
I.':iia\ya b. al-Mughira h.ul met the apostle also in Nlqu'l-'Lqab lietwcen 
Mecca and Mcdina and tried to get in to him. Umm Salama spoke to 
him about them, calling them hi 












hinely 
l:o tiad 



..' When this was conyeyed to them Aiif: Siif>:iii 
his little son with hirn said, 'By God, he must lct mc in or I will taJte tm: 
little hoy of mine and we will wander through the land until wc die o 
hunger and thirst.' Whcn he heard this the apostle felt sorry !'or thcm an, 
let them come in and they acccptcd Ul.1111 \!ifi Siif>;in ncitcl 1! ■■ Jlow 
ing verses about lu I 1 1 1 1 '. . 1 .' i 1 ihi:_ 

By thy life whcn 1 carried a banner 






er Mi.ham 






Was he whom I hud ,lnvc:t awa\ i-.srb a.l rny i„i.-:!t. 

I used to do all I could to keep men from Muhammad 

And I was called arelatiye of his, though 1 did not claim llu rclai:,:.::. 

They are what they are. He who does not hold with them 

Though he be a man of sense is blamed and given the lic. 
2 I wanted to be on good terms with them (Muslims) 

But I could not join them while I was not guided, 

Say to Thaqif 1 do not want to hgtit them; 

Say, too, 'Threaten somebody else!' 

1 was not in the army that artacked 'Amir, 

I had no parl with hand or tongue. 

'Tv,as tnlics that camc from a distant land, 

Strangers from S 1] j, ml -,1 I i-i • . 

They allege that wl 'i I ■ 1 i.'l • nl I . ,> ! tl. t . . 1 . ir ;>.i„< 

me was he whom I had driven ;;\v,;y willi ,:ll rny rui^lir' ilu: apusik 

punchcd hi Hii.li -i ' '1 11 didindeedl' 

Whcn tlic aposllc cimpcl .1; Ma;r al-i.fil.rsn. 'Abbils said,' 'Alas, Qur- 
aysh, if the aposllc cnlir.s Mccca b> lorc- l.ch.rc llicy come and ask for 
protcctioii lirit wil! bc tlic cnil ui Qura>,li fnr ecer.' I sat upon the aposllc's 



The Life of Muhammad 
milkers 0. 



: arak tr. 



:, thilll 









red the town by assau.lt. As I was going 

> I 1 1 , 

Iking together. Abu Sufyan was saying, 
ip before.' Budayl was saying, 



'These, by God, are (the fires of) Kht 

Sufv:in was saying, 'Khuza'a are too poor and few to ha,c fir ,„.' . ,mps 
likc these.' I recognized his raice and called to him and he recognized my 
voice. I told him that the apostle was here with his army aru[ "cxpressci! 
eoncern for him aiic l'<„ (Juraysh: 'li lic takcs you he will behead you, so 
ride on the hack of this mule so that I can take you to hin, 1 1 I k fm 1, 
hi"s protection.' So he rode behind me and his two companions rcturncd. 
Whenecer w, 1 1 Musli 1 1 wcre challenged, and when they 

sawtheapostle'smulcivithmcridingitthevsaiditHast!ic].,..p|, 1 ,,„ |, 
riding his mulc until ! , cj, 1 , , , t„ ,[ cliall.ngcdoicandgot 
up and came to me, and when he saw Abu Sufyan on the back of the beast 
he cried : 'Abu Sufyan, the enemy of God ! thanks bc- 10 God who has 
delivered you up without agreement or word.' Then he ran towards the 
apostle and I made the mule gallop, and thc m.iie wini b\ tlic disraric- a 
sl.iw beast will outrun a slow man. I dismounted and went in to the 
apostlc ar.-.i Tmar came in saying the same words and adding, 'Let me 
take off his head.' I told the apostle that 1 had promised him my protec- 
tion; thcn I sat by him and took hold of his head and said, 'By God, none 

shall talk conndentially to him this night ,\:tt , ,_ , r ,,„ , j 

when 'Umnr continiicd 1. rcninnnruic ! s.uti, 'Gently, 'L : mar! Ifl,e had 
been nnc of tlic I: ;ll |,( „„, |, avc sa]d thif . bu[ )(H| 

know that he is oneof the B. 'Abdu Manaf.' He replied, 'GcntK, 'AbbSa! 
for hy Gad your Islam the day you accepted it was dearer to me than the 
Iskm of al-Khattab would have been had he bccome a Muslim. Onc thing 
I surely know is that your Islam was dearer to the apostle than my father's 
wot.ld 1, ,\ , bccn.' The apostle told me to takc him away to my quarters 
and brmg htm Iiack in tlic morning. [-!,- slrn-tl tlic night with me and 1 took 
him in to see the apnst..; carly in llu- i,i,.,;r„ti K and wlicn !ic s.,\v l,ir„ h. 
said 'Ian-t it , ime that you shou[d r(;mgrlire tha , thcrc |3 nQ Gnj hM 

Allah? H=answered,'Youarc. and mother. How 

M'" ui lnti I 1 il Ks,'Ii}God, I thought that had 

•'" — cther God I with (,od t„- i.,:i,l,l h:iv, continued to help me.' 



: 'Wuc 



mGod'sapostle?' He 



. Abij Sulyan, is 



Isai 






ICCIC.1, '.\ 



testify that thei 
tpostle of God bcfore yo 
: apostle that Abu Sufyai 
e and asked him to do so 



>d but Allah and thst 
r head," so he did so. 
m who liked ro have 
irhim. Hesaid,'He 



told me to detain him 11 
projected 1 so that God's 



The Life of Muhai 
rij Sufyan's house is Bsfe, and h 



!d pass by and he 









prophet had ordered. 

The squadrons passed him with their standards, and he asked who they 
were. When ! said Sulaym he would say, 'What have I to do with Sulaym : ' 

andsowithMuzaynauntilallhadpassed, he askingthe sai.iL C[ ut ,d 

making the same rcsponse to the reply. Finally the apostle passed with his 
greenish-black squadron (799) in which were MuhSjirs and Ansar whose 
5 eves alone were visible because of their armour. He said, 'Good heavens, 
'Abbas, who arc these ?' and when I told him he said that none could with- 
stand them. 'By God, Abu Fadl, the authority of your brother's son has 
beCome great.' I told him that it was due to his prophetic omce, and he 
said that in that case he had nothing to say against it. 

I told him to hurry to his people. When he came to thcm he cried at the 
top of his yoice: 'O Quraysh. this is Muhammad who has come to you with 
a force you cannot resist. He who enters Abij Sufyan's house is safe.' 
Hind d.'Utba went up to him, and seizing his moustaches cried, 'Kill this 
fat greasv bladder of lardl What a rotten protector of the people!' He 
said, 'Woe to you, don't let this woman dece.ye you, for yoi 1 ot r< , 
what has come. He who enters Abu Suf) 
■ ■. 

; his door upon himself will De saie anu ,u 
mosque will be safe.' Thereupon the people dispersed to 



11 Hcadded, 'And 



juBakrt, 









to Dhu T, 



, ceotredYam 

1 1 , , I hi s head in subrmssion to God, when he saw how God had 
honoured him with victory, so that his heard almost touched the middle of 

YahyS b. 'Abbid b. 'Abdullah h. al-Zubayr from his father from his 
Erandmother Asma' d. Abii Bakr said: When the apostle stopped in Dhu 
I, ,i ),,,, ,,l,,,daughterofhis,oneofhisyounge5tchildren, 
'Take me up to Abu Qubays,' for his sigbt had almost gone. When they 
got there he asked her wtal -'.... muM s« and she told hiro 'a mass of 
black.' 'Those are the horses,' he said. Then she told bim 

the adTuTant! meaning the man who carries and transmits the orders to the 
6 cavalry. Then shesaid, 'By God, thc black mass hasspread.' Hesaid,'In 
that case the cavalry have been released, so bring me quickly to my house. 
She took him down and the cavalry encountered him beiore he could get 
to his house. The girl had a silver neckiace and a man who met her tore 



The Life of Muhammad 
neck. When the apostle came in and entered the mc 
leading his tither, On sceing him the apostle said, 
ve the old man in his house so that I coukl come to h 
Bakr replicd that it was more ntting that Iie 
__ versa. He made him sit before him and strokcd his chest 
im to accept Islam and he did so. When Abu Bakr brought hi: 
' ' eiss, and the apostle told them 






his he 

TliL-r, Aliu Ijakr got up and taking his sister's hand sa 
of Godand Islam ior m\ s.,-t. ■ , , 1 , Ll.i, , ,111 J r.oni: jnswcicd lni,i iu ] h,- 
said, 'Sisicr, regard your necklace as taken by God (atid look tn II:, 1, to 
requite you) for there is not much honesty amony pcople nowadays.' 

'Abdullah b. Abu Najih told me that the apostle divided his force at 
Dhu Tuwa Drdering al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam to go in with some of the 
men from KudS. Al-Zubayr commanded the !eft wing ; Sa'd b. 'Ubada he 
ordered to go in with some of the men from Kada'. 
. Some traditionists allege that when Sa'd started off he said, 
Today is a day of war, 
Sanctuary is no more, 
and one of the muhajirs (800) heard him aod told the apostle that it was ta 
be feared that he would rcsort to violence. The apostle ordered 'All to go 
after him and take the flag from him and enter with it hirnself. 

'Abdullah b. Abu Najih in his story told me that the apostle ordered 81 
Khalid to enter from al-Lit, the lower part of Mecca, with some men. Kha- 
lid was in command of the right wing with Aslam, Sulaym, Ghifar, Muz- 
aynii, jiiiiaviia, and other Arab tribes. Abti 'Ubayda b al-J r 1 .1 1 

with the troops pouring into Mecca in front of tht: aposile ivht) entcrctj 
from Adhlkhir' until he halted above Mecca and his tent was pitched 

•Abdullah b. Abu Najih and 'Abdullah b. Ahu Bakr told me that Saiwan 
b, Umayya and 'Ikrima b. Abu Jahi and Suhayl b. 'Amr had coilected 
some men in al-Khandama 1 to fight. FIimas b. Qays b. Khalid brother of 
B. Bakr w^as sharpening his sword before the apostle entered Mecca, and 
his wife asked him \\\i\ he was doing so. When he told her it was for 
Muhammad ai,d r , cempaai ■ ,■ thal ■ ,lid not think thai it 

io them any harm. He answered that he hoped to give her one of 






iU.i.dd: 



I have no excuse if today they advance. 
Hcre is my weapon, a long-bladcd lancc, 

\ L 1 tlt 1 1 II I 

he went to al-Khandama with Saiwan, Suhayl, and 'Ikrima and 
e Muslims under Khalid arrived a skirmish lollowed in which 



55° The Life of Muhammad 

Kurz b. Jabir, onc of the B. Muharib b. Fihr, and 1 
Rabi'a b. Asram, an ally af H. Munqidh, who wert 
were killed. They had takcn a road of tlicir own aj 
were killed together. Khunays waa kilied first and K 
his 1'ect atid iuught m his defcnce until he was slain, 
J. Fihr knows 



Ther. 

That 1 fight today in 



Kh,n,vi ,ias 

Salama b. 
polytheisrs los 



j mcn ; thcn tliei rook to rlight. IJ' ,.i, lan ,»ii 
;,.U hiswiic to bolt the door. Whensheasked 
ier words he said : 



When Safwln and 'I 
And Abu Yazid was 
And the Muslims m, 



.:d thc 1 



,t word of blame (802) 
s when they entered Me, 



The apostle had instructcd lns 

be killed even it thcj wcrc found beneath tlit curtains of tl 1 Ka'ba 
Among them was 'Abdullah b. Sa'd, brother of the B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy. 
The reason he ordered him tD be killed was that he had been a Muslim an.t 
uscd to wri;,.: down rerelation ; then he apostatized and rctu, 
and fled to 'Uthman b. 'ArTan whose fosfer-hrother he was. The latter hid 
9 him until he brought him to the apostle after the situation in Mecca was 
tranquil, and asked that he might be granted immunity. They allege that 
thc iipostlc rcmainej silcnt 1i,r .1 Inng limc t,ll iinally lic sajd yes, Whcn 
'Uthman had lcft he said to his companions vv!:t: vvi.-:.» sr' ,,;■ ;.it.uii,.! Iiiiu 

Df the Ansar said, 'Then why didn't you give me a sign, O apnslk- of (.In-.l ;' 
He answered that a prophet does not kill by pnin;lii»: fiic;j, 

\i - 1 , .1, , U 1 I I ,, i,l II II ulbc, 1 

a Muslim and the apostle sent him to collect the poor tax in company with 
rnuitthi \i 1 H , ,t|, 1,1 1 fi | li ] r\iJ him. (He was 
a Muslim.) Wlicn they halted he ordered the latter to kill a goat for him 
am: iiri-pair »»,me food, and went to sleep. When he woke up the man had 



The Life of Muhammad 



rith b. Nuqaydh b. Wahb 
ilt him in Mecca (804). 



1. 'Abtl b- Ousayy, on 



liatl kiik.l !;is hti.thcraccidentally, andreturnedto QutaYsi: » 
Amt Siira, freed slave of one of the B. 'Abdu'1-Muttalih; and 'ikrima 1), 
Abu Jahl, Siira ha.i in.siillci liim in Mccca. As fnr 'Ikrima, he fled to the 
Yaman. His wife Umm Hakim d. al-Harith b. Hisham became a Muslim 
and asked immunity for him and the apostle gave it. She went to the 
Yaman in search of him and brought him to the apostle and he accepted 
Islam. (T. 'Ikrima used to relate, according to what thcy say, that what T. ■< 
turncil hiin 1,1 Islam when hc had goneto the Yaman was that he had deter- 
mined to cross rh< 1 „„ r m ,:-ai 

said, 'O servant of God, you cam r c 1 1 | , , I , 1 11 1 1 

lcilgc tluu '■„:! ismic and .iisacow anv rival to llim, )ov I U-ar thatif you 
' ' .' When I asked if none but such persons 



hmrght: 






n,ysh 









urGodor 



I recogniited Is 
Khata! was killed by Sa'id b. Hurayth al-MakhzumI a 
AslamT acting together. Mit|y.».s .- as I. llcl I-. '•',„.,■!.. 
of his own people. Miqyas's sister said of his killing: 
By my life, Numayla shamed his people 



Who provided food for young motl 



,: II..: Kh.:,.,iV 






is killed at 



il thc apostle, askt-d f„, irr.munilc. itavc u hcr. Similarly Sara, 
wbo livcd until in thc time of 'Uiriar a mounted soldier trod her down in 
tlic v.illcv of \l."ivi ,,..: ullc.i lii-i -'.I 1 hiwayrith was killed by 'Ali. 

Sa'i.l h. Ahu 1<„:;I In.n, ,\lni Murra, Irced slave of 'Aqil b. Abu Tahb, 
ml.I ir.c tli:il 1'mni Il.liu' d. Abu Talih said: Wlien ihe apo; 
uppcr part of Mccca twt. t.f my brothcrs-in-law fr„m B. Makhzum Bed to 
nic. (She was thc wiic ,.! 1 1„ [,;'„. r:i b. Al.ii Wahb al-Mukliiiiml.) 'Ali camc 
in swearing that he would kill them, so I bolted the door of my house on 
largebowlin 



11ranp.1l himseU in it and prayed eight bendings of the morning prayer. 



wbcn : 



protect. He 
Muhamm 



>out tbe tw 






kill them' (805). 

.d b. JaTar b. al-Zubayr from 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah b. 

rom Safrya d. Shayba told me that the apostle after arriving in 
Mecca when the populace had settled down went to the temple and en- 
compassa! it sevL-!i timcs nil iiis cl.mll-I louchinc The hl.u.k sPjill- y.ili: il 
stick which he had in his hand. This done he summoned 'Uthman b. 
Talha and took the kcy of thc Ka'ba from him, and when the door was 
opened for him he went in. There he found a dovc madc of wood. He 
broke it in his hands and threw it away. Then he stood by the door of the 
Ka'ba while the men in the mosque gathered to him. 1 

[I.I. from 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr from 'Ali b. 'Abdullah b. 'Abbas: The 
apostle entered Mecca on ihe day of the conquest am! ir 

1 .is- had strengthened with lead. The apostle was standing 






:. ■TkL ln 



id ..,:.. 



hood has passed away ; verily falsehood is sure to pass away' (Siira 17. 
Then he pointed at them with his stick and they collapsed on their backs 
Dne after the other. 

When the apostle prayed the noon prayer on the day of the conquest he 
ordered that all the idola which were round ihe Ka'ba should be collected 
and burned with nre and broken up. Fadala b. al-Mulawwih al-Laythi 
said commemorating the day of the conquest: 



Had you 



n iU::h:i: 



The day the idols were 






ashed wh 
5 light b( 






r. I.I. from Hakim b. 'Abbad b. Hanlf and 

*? had put pictures in the Ka'ba including two of Jesus son of Mary and 
Mary (on both of whom be.peace!). I. Shihab said: AsmS' d. Shaqr said 
that a woman of Ghassan joined in the pilgrimage of the Arabs and when 
sbc s:iv. tlsc pictiire oi .Mary m i\v:: K;i'ba she said, 'My father and my 
mother be your ransom! You are surely an Arab woman!' The apostle 

A traditionist* told mc that the apostle stood at the door ot tlx- K,rh,i 
10 associate. He has 



..i llis.ir 



idliisi 



:. i!t ! 






Mm'sb al-W«il) from Q«lid« ■1-SmdM. 



Tht Life o/ Muhammad 553 

confederates alone. Every claim of privilege ! or blood or propetty are 
abolishedby me 1 

pilgrims. The unintentionally slain in a quasi-intentional way by club ar 
whip, 8 for him the bloodwit is most severe: a hunclred camels, forty of 
them to be pregnant. O Quraysh, God has taken from you the haughtiness 
of paganism and its venerati..i .prings from Adam 

and Adam sprang from dust.' Then he read to them this verse: 'O men, 
We created you from male and female and made you into peoples and 

God's sight is the most pious 1 to the end of the passage. 3 Then he added, 
'0 Quraph, what do you think that I am about to do with you V They 
replied, 'Good. You are a noble brother, son of a noble brother.' He 
' ' "10 your way for you are the freed 011 - " 



[T. Thusthcapostle 
their lives and they wi 
called 'the freed ones'. 
to do homage to the apostle 
for them on al-Safa whilr ' 
tions on thc p.. 
obey God ant: I ■ tpoi 
men; when they had nn 



m go though God had given him power 1 



e Meci 



■ T.1,1: 



1 Islam. As I have 



d, he sat (waiting) 



homage 10 

the best of their ahility. This applied to the 
ed he dealt wtth the women. Among the 
1. 'Utba who came veiled and dis- 
lecially in regard to Hamza, far sl 






that the apostle would punish her. According to what I heard, 
when they appro., y gave their word not to associate 

anything with God, and Hind said, 'By God, you lay on us something that 
you have not laid on the raen and we will carry it out.' He said, 'And you 
shall not steal.' She said, 'By God, I used to take a little of Abii Sufyan'a 
money and I do not know whether that is lawful for me or not.' Abu 
Sufyan who was present when she said this told her that sa far as the past 
was concerned it was lawful. The apostle said, 'Then you are Hind d. 
'Utba?' and she said 'I am; forgive me what is past and God will forgive 

woman commit adultery, O apostle of God?' He said, 'And you shall not 
kill ymir Ljhtldrci 1. ' Shc said, 'I brini g !it them up when they were little and 
you killed them on the day of Badr when they were grown up, so you are 
the one to know about them!' *Umar laughed immoderalcly it hcr n-ply. 
Hesaid,'YaushalIn<itimciit Iji.l r i ti I l I ! r 

is disgraccful, but it is sometimes better to ignore it.' He said, 'You shall 
1101 distibci n:c in carrying out orders to do good.' She said, 'We should 
not havesatall this time if we wanted :■> disolici >ou 111 such orders.' The 
apostle said To "l "tu,.i . '.\i:ll:pt :lu-i:" Troth,' and he asked God's I 



or them while 'Umar accepled their h 



kc the w< 



i's hands; he did nc 



behalf. 1 






554 The Life of Uuhammad 

of lits htltltt!. llij Itr.i.j |Y.t,i Ahbj l>. Ksji.il s.llj |I.;:I llit: ».iiricit's homtlge 

<■ I ' 1 I 8 I II I I I ll M 1 II I V 1 Itlthls ,t tCSSel 

containing tiutcr nas put in front of the apostle and when hc lai.l the 
ciintiitions .iptui iht-in and they nctcptcj them hc plunged his hand into 
the vesse[ and thcn withdrew it and the women did the same. Then after 
that lic would imp.isc conJitions on them and when they acccptttl Ihirn hc 
aaid, 'Go, I have accepted your homage,' ant! atl.li-t! •..■li.nt; lunhcr ] 

Then the apostle sat in the mti.-i.im- sntl 'Alicarnc t" iuni willi t!u: kcy of 
the Ka'ha in his hand asking him to grant his tamily the right of guarding 
liic tcnipit- as ti.-ll as thc watcnnt; uf liic pi';rmis hm ilie apostle called for 
'Uthman l>. Talha and said, 'Here is your key; today is a day of good 



.•ofhist 






' Whenhesli. 
louillj th;it cccryone knew where he was. \\ i 
his clan he slept apart. If the clan was attacked at night they would call 

his name and he voi 1 I li 

him. It happened that a party of raiders from Hudhayl came, making for 
the people at thcir water; and whcn they dretv near Ibn al-Athwa" al- 
Hudhali itiitl ilitu, not to hurrj Inin until he had looked round; for if 

su loudlj thu i u I i ;l i i ,:, So he Iistened and when he 

S23 heard his sncnng he walked up to him and thrust his sword into his breast 
pressing on it so that he killed him. Then they rushed upon the party who 
cricd 'Ahmar!' ilut thcv had no Ahmar. 

On the morrow of the conquest of Mecca Ibn al-Athwa' came into 
Mcccato look rountl iiiu! rind otir ithat thc situation nas. Xov> he was still 
a polytheist, and Khuza'a saw and recognized him, and they surrounded 
him as he was at the side of one of the walls of Mecca, saying, ' Are you the 
man who kiilcd Ahmari" 'Yes', he said, 'and what about it?' Thereupon 
Khirash h. Umayya :i-Iv;itu.--,I on Inm 1- ith Jrinin sitord snyiiie, 'Get misi 
froiii i!u- man.' Wc supposed that I 



belly. By God, I can almost'see him now v.i!i lii-t 1111 
from his belly and his eyes ttto n c sliis ii 1 I 1 
'llatt ti.ii litinc P, v.:n nicn of Klm/.Ta" initi hc collap 
.p..-alc s.ii.i, 'Stop tiiit, killing, KliutiTa; there has beer 
cvcn i'f ihcrc ttcrc pratit 111 it. ) ttil, p,tv iht bii.oJt.il 






The Lije of Muhammad 
al-Maqburi from Abu Shurayh al 



555 



When ' Amr b. al-Zubayr' c . 

came to him and said, 'Listen! When we were with the apostle the day 
atrer thc contjucsl i.i Mccca, .-vhutirL-. attacked a man of Hudhayl and 
killed him, he being .1 p.ihlliusi. The apostle arose and addrcssed us, 
saymg, "God madc Mecca holy the day He created heaven and earth, and 
it is thc buly of holit-s until the resurrection day. It is not lawful for anyone 
who bclictcs in God and the last day to shed blood therein, nor to cut 
down trees therein. It was not lawful to anyone before rne and it will not 
be lawful to anyone after me. Indeed, it is not lawful for me e-cccpt at this 8; 
time because of (God's) anger against its people. Now it has regained its 
form 1 li 1 ir s ' 1 I 1 lliho c that are not here. Ifanyone 

should say, The apostle killed men in Mecca, say God permitted His 
apostle to dt) so but He does not permit you. Refrain from killing, you men 
of Khuza"a, for there has been too much killing evcn if there were protit in 



, | I. 






. Itar, 



:ct the shedder of 



■ a clniict- : thcy can have his killer's 1 
: apostle paid the bloodwit for the m 
whom Khuza'a had slain.' 'Amr replied, 'Be otT wi ' 
know more aboul its sanctity than you. It does not ] 
blood, nor the man who casts oflf his allegiance norhimwhti t>.ittiliol.ista\. 
Abfi Sliurai !i .insv. crctl , ' I wasthere and you were not. The aptisl lc orJei-ctl 
us who were present tti tcil tlitist >- !n> .icrc absent. I have told you and the 
responsibility now rests with you' (807). 

Muliainiiiatl !i. J.i'tL-.r fr„m 'Craa b. al-7,ubayr told me that SafwSn 1). 8= 
Umayya went oilt to Judda to take ship to the Yaman. Tmayr b. Wahb Sa 
told l'he prophct that Safwan, who was a chict' among iiis pcoplc, hiitl !!t-J 
from him to cast himself into the sea, antl askcd lum to grant him iitiniii- 
nity. The prophet agrced to do S0, and 'Umayr askcd him for a sign to 
prtn c it, and he gave him thc turban with which he had entered Mecca. 
In rtooi J I v I n just as he was about to embark. He 

begged him not to commit suicide and produced the token of his snicli. 
Satwan told him to be off and not to speak to him. He replied, ' My parents 
be your ransom! He is the most virtuous, most pious, most clcmt-nt, an.l 
best of men, yotir ti-ri toiisin. Ilis honour is vour linnour.' He replicd, 
T go iu f.-ar ol my hfc h.-causc of him.' llc answered, 'IIc is too clcint-nt 
aml too Isonourable to kill you.' So he went back with him to thc apostle 
and tolti i.im lliat ". 'inai r haj said that he had proi " 
He said that that was true. Safw5n asked for two moi 
np iiis minil aii.l jic ;t:IVC hiin four months (808). 

\l /llhil t.l 1 1 I I 1 , 1 1 1 I II I i 1 1 I 1 

d. al-Walid (who was roarried to Saiwan, ' " 






1, while Umm IIakim's husband 



Tke Lifi of M-uhammai 
4iu Jabl) had become Muslims. The ktter 



krima and Safwan became Muslims 
gea. 

il-S 11 l.cwasinlNajranat 



Do not be without a 



this reached I. 


al-2it 


ia'ia he went to the aposl 


Then he said: 








apostle of God, i 


ny tongue is re( 


lairing 


The mischief 




.11 i !u 


.g (slnner) 


When I lollowed Si 




My. 


(He who tums 








My nesh and ; 


my bc 




y Lord. 


My heart beai 








' 


c dan 








:ing d. 


:ceived. 





:n he became a Muslim he said also: 

And night pitch 1.1 1. '. . ls gi i . . 



ne Sahm gave me i 
khzum did the sarc 
supported evil cou; 
those who erred, w ; 
ly heart belicves in 






Today 

Enmity has passed, its ties are ended ; 
Kinship and reason call us togcther. 
Foigtve my miwtatrgg— my parentB be thy ransom, 

. . i >..■ ; .. 'l ... ■ 

Upon you is the sign of God's knowledge, 



as banished my sleep. 



The Life of Muhommad 



I testify that your religion is true 

And God testines that Ahmad is llit chnacn, 
The noble one, cynosure ot tb< i gh 
A prince whase tofty house is fiam Hashim, 
Strong from top to bottom (809). 
As for Hubayra b. Abu Wahb aI-Makhzumi, hc lived there until he 
an unheliever.'His wife was Umm Hani' d. Abu Talib whose name 
Hind. When he heard that she had become a Muslim he said : 

Does Hind long for you or do you know that she has asked sbout ; 
Thus distance produces many changes. 
On a high inaccessible fort in Najrin she t 
Whcn night falls her phantom roama ahroau. 

that reproachcr who wakes me at night and blamcs me ! 
- , 1, 1. ,. 11. 1. , .1 —11 1 '1 1 1 • -I ' 
Asserting that if I '1 > I mil; shall perish, 

liut will aiiYlhing hut the inss of her kill mc? 
But I am of 3 people who if they do their utmost 
Thev attain thcir i-n.l itirthwitli, 

1 protect the rear of my tribe 
■ 

And the swords in their hands become like 

The sticks boys play with, na shade but the swords.' 

I loathe the envious and thelr works: 

God will provide food for myself and my family. 

WurJs spoken without truth 

Are like an arrow without a head. 

I F you Hacc iiillowed Muhammad's religion 

And the ties of kinship draw you to your kin, 

Then stay far distant on a high round rock, 

Dry dust its only moistuie (8io). j 
The Muslims who werc prescnt at the conqu. v. of Mecca numbcrcd 
10 000 ■ of B. Sulaym 700 (some say 1,000); of B. Ghifar 400; of Aslim 
400; of Muiayna 1,003; and the rest of them were from Ouraysh and 
the Ansar and "their allies and parties of Arabs from Tamirn and Qays and 
Asad. ' 



A light most bright a 



' 



Tke Life of Muhammad 



From Dhatu'1-Asabi' and al-Jiwi 
Traces have disappc;;r,i:. ihcir . 
ps of B. al-IIashis' are 






■dhywi 



1 always to he a friend there [ 
Its pastures held choice camels atld sheep. 
But leavc- that! Who will rid mc of the night vision 

V. :i. i !;.. . ps ]!'... Ironi .shcti v.h ii m.L'1::': 
Of Sha'!h.i' J who iills me with longing 
So that my heart cannot be cured of it ? 
She is like the wine of Bayt RaV 
Mi\,d v. llI:: honey and water.- 
All draughts that could be mentioned 
Carinril be crirnparcd uiili ihat v.iik 
U,l:l:mvi,l',i; v. hat .t ito amiss 



Nothing can keep us fror 
Mayw, ■ 



» fray. 



dust-cloiRls, Llii'ir r, n.ii.:\ ihis K;'.,:,V. 
They lug ar tiic reins tliniing their nccks U> OIH L s 
J !v r!nr-;iy hmccs couchcd abcve their shuulders. 
As our horses raced along, 7 
Thi: \MHinti iiappiil thcir vei]s In thcir Iccls. 
If you don't oppose us \vc shall cclcbrale the 'L'mr 
Thc conqLiest will be eoinpletcd arrd the cavering I 
Eut if you do, expect a fight on the day 
WIh.i ■:;.,] htlps iliiis,- llc plcascs. 
' . I :l i . . ii i_ - i \ . I u i I 
Thc holy spirit has no equal. 
God said, T have sent a man 
Who speaks the truth if you will proht by eiperien 



I'ii:- what \'..|- huhlcji has Illi.i 

The headsof thc 'Ahdu'1-O.ii 
You lampoone.l Miili;;nini.i;j a; 
There is a reward foi th.it uiih 

II, i I , rau , 



And hc who praises and hclj. 

Mv 1'aiher, jriy grandfather, and my honour 

r 'h. 1 .1 ii i ni 

My tongue is a shaip sword uithout a. Haw. 
My vcrse a sea which the buckets cannot mak 



it you by whose t 


der&Ma*addwasled? 


CJml jrLiuled iIk-lIi 


and said to you, Testify! 


camel ever carried 




e true to his prom 


se than Muhammad; 








e a poliahed Indian swor 



re generous in giving a 



And that a threat fron 



Uhc, v., 






tit their equal in 

- .;;; my weeping and dismay. 
You would break the covena.it if y„u sbndtrcd 
'Abd b. 'Abdullah and the daughter of Mahwad. 
Dhu'ayb and Kulthum and Salma went successivc 
So if my eye does not weep let me grieve. 
Thcre ia no clan like Salma and his brothers; 
Are kings the same as slaves ? 
I have not broken with custom or shed biood. 
Coitsiik-r, y„u who know the truth, and act! 



Buday] b. 'Abdu Manif b. Umm Asram 






troyed. 



You wept, Abu 'Abs, becausethey werĕ blood re 

" I ' i r r, k.llcd them on the day of Khandama,' 
-\ufayl and Ma'bad among them if you uiquire. 
If your tears now for them you will not be blamed 
And if the eye does not weep then be sad (8ii). 
Bujayr b. Zuhayr b. Abu Sulma said concerning the day of the ci 
Muiayna and the Banu Khufaf that day 
Expelled the pcople of al-Haballaq' from every ravint 
Wc siikiU- ttiLin y.itri inir sliarp swords 
The day the good prophet entered Mecca, 
We came on them with scven hundred from Sulaym 
And a full thousand from BanO 'Uthmari, 

e 3 their shoulders with cut and thrust 



iJ Mh„t thc.n 







Tht Life o/ Mukammad 
While our horses wheeled among them. 
We came bock plundering as we would 
While they went back discomhted. 
We pledged our faith to the apostle 

■nwtdship. 
They heard what we said and dctermined 
To depart from us that day of fear (813). 



B. JADHIMA OF KINANA AND 'l 

The apostle sent out troops in - : ,. ti 1 n . Mccca inviting men to 
God: he did not order thcm to fight. Among those he sent wns Khaliu h. 
al-Walid whom he ordered to go to the lower part of the tltit ei.uittry as a 
missionary; hedidnotsend hirr. tottjili;. II. uidu v ilu- IS. Jailhlma anil 
kilIcdsomeofthem(8i4).' 

Ilakim 1.. Ilskim b. 'Al.l.ad !,. ,.T,mayf from Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. 
\h .1 1U . I 1 ■ 1 vl Ltit Kl h t rth 

tribes of Sulaym b. Mansur and Mudlij b. Murra, and they subdued B. 
Jadhima b. 'Amir b. 'Abdu Manat b. Kinana. When the people saw him 
they grasped their weapons, and Khalid said, 'Lay down your arms, for 
everybody has accepted Isiam.' 

At ilit,.rii 1.1 ■ | "i 1 , , 1. ,., n c of our companions told me : 
'When Khalid ordercd us to lay down our arms one of our men called 83+ 
Jahdam said, "Woe to you, B. Jadhtma! This is Khalid. If ynu lay iltnra 
your arms you v.tll 1 1 t I 1 1 1 '1 1 1 1 bc 

b 1 -1 1 1 I 1 - II 1 | 1 1 

hdd of him saying "Do you want to shed Dur blood? Everyn.ie else has 
accepted Islam :, ;.?; war is over and evcrybody is 

safe." They persisted to the point of taking away his arms, and they them- 
selves laid down their arms at Khalid 's word.' 

I.Iiikim b, Ilaklm fr„m \bti Ja'far Muhammad b. 'Ali told me: As soon 
as tbey hail laid down thcir arms Khalid ordered their hands to be tied 
bchind thcir backs and put them to the sword, killing a number of them. 
\VTh:;i tlic nL-ws ;c.;l!, l! ttie apostle be raised his handsto heavenand said, 
'O God, I am innocent bcfore Thee of what Khalid htts donc' (S15). 

Haklm on the same authority told me that the apostle summoned 'Ali 
and told him to go 10 thc„< prapk- rn.i kiok inlo the atTair, and abolish the 
P icti , i'i ,i 1 11 il; 1 1 Hhthemoneytheapostle 835 

had scnt and paid the bloodwit and made good their monetary loss even for 



they said it was not he gavc them the rest <>\ rlv. n-.oj.cv nn beh.iit of tlte 
aposik in r.ise ckuris of which neither he ilor they knew at thc time should 
arise. Then he returned and reported to the apostle whar hc h.ul .loiie aml 
he commended him. Then the apostle arose and faced th. «jil. i(i u 1 1 1 
his arms so that his armpits coultl bc sccn an.l ..„.!: OGod, I am innocent 
bctorc Tbcc „f what KhSlid has dorie.' This hc said three timea. 

Some who would excuse Khalid said that he said: 'I did not nght until 
'Abdullah b. Hudhafa al-Sahml ordered me to do so and he said, "The 
apostle has ordered you to fight them bccause tliei keep h.ick fr,im Islam" ' 
(816). 

Jahdaiii h:i:l said to thcm when they laid down thcir arms and he saw 
ihi-k,ll ,jsduing«iththcB Jadhimi Ol J II n li I tilc i 

rd that Khalid and Abii'1 ~ ' 






i, 'You have done 3 



... I:.l.l„l 



r Ili i i<ahman's father. He answered 

that he was a liar because he himse]f had killed his father's shyer . but 
•. hili I i:i..l t.tkcn vengeancc fot his uncle al-F5kih b. al-Mughira so that 
there was bad feeiing between them. Hearing of this the apostle said, 
'Gently, KhSlid, leave my companions alone, for by God if you had a 
moumiin' of gold and spent it for God's sake you would not approach the 

i6 \ 1. ikih h. al-Mughii b. 'Abduilah h t ti. ir b M tlh um ind 

'Auf b. *Abdu 'Auf b. 'Ahdu'1-Harilh b. Zuhra, and 'Affim li. Aluil -As b. 
I'niavya b. 'Abdu Shams had gone out trading to the Yaman. 'AHan tnnk 
],is «,,: ■l.-ihir.Sii und 'Aut rook lns son 'AbJii'M',ibifi.ii-. When they 
, „ 1 „ ,r, lih. r icyol i.,,.,i H! 1 ,1 n.b \r, i , 1 

dicdi.i the Yaman, lo hu licirs One of thcir inen caltcj Kh.Ud b. IIMirnit 

i uliiir ,,, il I i rntory beforc they could get to 

thed L jdmanM.n,. I ■ ' ' \ r, I I ■! , ... -. 

B ionofthemoncytookplK!eduringwnich*A III I < 

*Affan and his son escaping. They seized thc property of al-F5kih aml 
\ .i m,l tn il i „ i i I ' i I I -ihil li H h.nti hi 

1, ,, ,1 lt 1 ih, ii .i if «i i-tic' "ii 1 U II "■ i lnt'" 

.leil.ued tli.it llie assaiili had imi hi-cn rit.imied by them and that tbey did 

not know of it until afterwards. They otTered to pay compensation for 

blood and propcrty and Quraysh agreed, and so war wr : 

Onc of thc n, Jadhima said, though some say it m 



„::,„i caltcd 



ilaym, that day, would havc met a 



The Lije of Muhammad 563 

Busr and the men of Jahdam and Murra would have smitten them 

How many warriors did you see on the day of Ghumaysa' 
Dead, never wo jiring the wounds?" 

(War) made husbandless women remain with the marriagemakers 
And separated the men who were married from their wives (817). 
'Abbas b. Mirdas answered her ; some say it was al-Jahhaf b. HakTm al- 

Are we always to the hero of the battle. 
Khalid was more to be excused than you 
The day he took the plain way in the affair. 
Helped by God's command driving towards you 
li and right. 
They brought the news of M 1] ■ when they went 83 



Bleeding fron 

.: 

Gallopcd in t 



re with the prophet at Hunayn 



But my colt beneath me bears me 

To the heights' with my sharp sword. 
Ya'qub b. 'Utba b. al-Mughira b. al-Akhnas from al-Zuhrt 
Abu Hadrad al-Aslami told me: I was with Khilid's cavalry that 
a young man of the B. Jadhlma who was about my own age spo 
His bantls were tied fu his ncek by an old rope and the womenwi 
illg in a group a short distance away, He asked mc to take hold o 
and lead him to the v,,iii.e„ so ihal hc might say what he had t 
thcn bring bitn back and do what wc likcd with him. I said that 1 



L Tke Life of Muhammad 

ill thing to ask and I led him to them. As he ati 
K you well, Hubaysha, though life is at an end.' 
Tell me when 1 sought and found you in Hal 



U! : a.i 


meTidT 


hen I aaid when our people were together 
ove before some misJ 




me with love before distance divides 


For 1 '.' 
When t 


II 


_s off with a dear one thus parted. 
i : r sccret troth 
iringly at anather. 
troubks distracted me from love 


Even th 


en the at 


raction of love was there (81S). 


The same authority told me that she said: 'May your life be pr 
ven and ten continuous ycars and eight thereafter.' Then I to 



Abii Firas b. AbO Sunbula al-Aslami from some of their shayt 
one wlio was present said: She went to him when he was behea 

One of the B. JadhTma said : 

Mudlij for the evil they did us 
Wherever they go or rest. 
They took our goods and divided them ; 

Were it not for the rclipi..:: ol" Mulr.mimad's pcopk 
Their cavalry' would have fled and been driven off. 
What hindcred them from helping a squadron 
Like a swarm of locusts loose and scattered abroad ? 
If they repent or return to their (right) way 
We will not repay them for what the squadron lost. 2 
Wahb of the B. Layth answered him: 

We called 'Amir to Islam and the trutb. 
It isnot our fault il ' 

What happened to 'Amir, coniound them, is not our fa 
Bccause their minds were foolish and went astray. 
One of the B. Jadhima said: 

Congratulate B. Ka'b on the coming of Khalid and his compa 
The morn when the squadrons came on us. 
J showed no desire for revenge. 



The Life of Muhammad 565 

rs in their Aight from Khalid's force said : 

Walk as chaste women who do not quail. 
We guard our women, we will not fail. 
mng men of B. Ji omposmg rough 

: when they heard of Khalid, and one of them said: 

.1 h"anks whom a man with tlocks and camcis 
Possesses, knows that I will do all a man can do this day. 



10 diverts her husband wi 



And another said : 



m with ponderous paws 
>!e and thicket when thi 



khAlid's journey to destroy al-'uzzA 
Then the apostle sent Khalid to aI-'Uzza which was in Nakhla. It was a 
temple which this tribe of Quraysh and Kinana and all Mudar used to 
Yenerate. Its guardians and wardens were B. Shayban of B. Sulaym, allies 
of B. Hashim. When the Sulaml guardian heard of Khalid's coming he 
hung his sword cr. :ic stood, and said: 

O 'Uzza, make an annihilating attnc"- 

Throw aside your veil and gird up your train. a 

O 'Uzza, if you do not kill this man Khalid 

Then bear a swift punishment or become a Christian.* 
When Khalid arrived he destroyed her and returned to thc apostle. 



566 The Life of Muhamumd 

Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri from 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah 
said: The apostle stayed in Mecca after he had occi 
nights, shortening prayers. The Dccupation of Mecca 



Malik b. 'Auf al-Nasri collected them together. There assembled to I 
also all Thaqif and all Nasr and Jusham ; and Sa'd b. Bakr, and a few r 
:.!. Therewere no others present from Qays 'Aylan. Ka'b 
Kilab of Hawizin kept away and no one of any importaiicc Irmn ihnn 
present. Among the B. Jusham was Durayd b. al-Simma, a very old i 
whose sole remaining use was his valuable Bl£vj 

for he was an ejtperienced leader. Thaqif had two leaders: Qarib b. 
Aswad b. Masud b. Mu'attih , md Dhu'1-Khi 

Subay' b. al-Harithb. Milik and his i>rot!u, \lm i .1 , , <i .1 I 
Milik. The general direction of alTairs lay witli MaiiH b. 'Auf al-N; 
When he decided to attackthe apostle hc placed wirli liu. n.en thcir ca 
wives, and children. When he halted at AutSs the men assembled to t 
among them Durayd b. al-Simma in a sort of howdah in wMeh i» 
. ;,li rhey were in 
when he was told that it was Autas he said that it was a rine place 



childrei 






«'iriicbl. 






,'g of 



ifshccpr" Tbey t.J.ih.intha >, . 

Milik, you have become the chief of your people and this is a ci.iy ulirdi 
will be fcllowed by great events.' He then inquircd about the cattle and the 

them and pulting them behind thc mcn was to make them fight to the 
deatil I ,. , I. , I . i 11, .1 ^ 1 ,1 1 1« . , T ,!isnviv ; :iih1 srud: 

'You sheep-tender, do you suppose that anything will turn back a man tliat 
runs away : lf all gccs well nothing will help you but sword and Iance; if 
it gaes ill you wd V ' I , ,11, 1 j.mperty Then he 

askedwhat hadhapi «. 1 . 1 1 11 , ', 11 he heard that they 

I , II 11 ,l|,i,i I ,1 

had done what thc\ I I 1 1 i 

'Amr b. 'Aiuir and 'Auf b. 'Amir and he said, Those two sprigs of 'Amir 
can do nothing either way. You've done no good, Malik, by sending for- 
ward the mainbody, the mainbody of Hawazin, to rneet the cavalrv. Send 
them up to the high and inaccessible part of their land and meet the 



Tke Life of Muhatnmad 



I would ride forward genrly 

Leading bng-hnired ster-Js 

Like young antelopes (819). 
(T. Durayd was the chief of thc B. Jusham and their leader and greatest T 
man, but old age had overtaker. him k ih,n be was Eeeble. His full name 
was Durayd b. al-Simma b. Bakr b. 'Alqama b. Judi'a b. Ghaziya b. 
Jusham b. Mu 'iwiya b. Bakr b. Hawazin. Then Malik said to the men, 
'As soon as ;i,u scv thunr. . .ittack them as one 

Umayya b. 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. 'Uthman informed me that he was told 8. 
that Malik stritt 1.111 1 1 ' l iihthcirjointsJislocated Whcn 

he asked what an earth had happened to them they said, 'We saw white 
men ori piebald horses and immediately we surTered as you see.' And, by 
God, even that did not turn him back from the course he inteiided. 

When the prophet heard about them he sent 'Abdullah b. Abu Hadrad 
al-Aslamt to tber: arrrong thein and stav uith thcm 

until he iearned all about thcn . ickthenews. 'Abdul- 

lah went and stayeJ with thcni unti he learned that they had decided to 
nght the apnslle and the dispositions of Hawazin, and then came back to 
tell the apostle. (T. The apostle called for 'Umar and told him what Ibn 
";u Hadrad had said. 'Umar said that he was a liar. He replied, 'You 












ot hear vvhat he says, O apostlc ?' ai 

'You were in error and God guided you, 'Umar.') 

When the apostle decided to go out against Ha 1 

Safw3n b. Umayya had some armour and weapo 



;lllH-tr, 



' Tm: 



demanding the, 



1 by forc 



to go with them. They allegc 
them and bc ,: 

Then the apostle marehed 
panions who had gtme out wi 



Muhammad?' He said, 'No, they are a loan 
lemtoyou.' Hesaid that in that casctherc wns 

ge that the apostle asked for tranapoit u> cari v 



S68 Tke Lije o/ Muhammad 

3 all. Thc apostle lcft in charge of Mecca 'Attab b. Asid b. Abii'I-'Is b. 
Umayya b. 'Abdu Shams to look after the men who had stayed behind. 



'Abbas b. Mirdas al 
This; 



In ilv n 



le ghoul of their p 



of their 



ur the gl 



Alas for the mother of Kilab whenthe cavalry of Ibn Haui 

And Insan- came on them unopposed. 

Deny not your kindred, strengthen the honds with your proteges, 

Your cousins are Sa'd and Duhman.' 

You will not return them though it is a nagrant disgrace (not to do s< 

As long as milk is in the captured camels. 

It is a disgrace by whose shame Hadan 4 has been covered 

And Dhti Shaughar and Sitwan 4 f!ow with it. 

It is no better than what Hadhaf roasted 

When he said, 'AU roasted wild ass is inedible.' s 

HawJzin are a good tribe save that they have a Yamani discasc : 

If they are not treacherous they are deceitful. 

They have a brother— had they been true to their covenant 

' i them by war they would have been kindly. 



Take to 1 



I! attacb 






With an army estending over all the plain ; 

Among them your brother Sulaym h h<> will not 

And the Muslims, God's serv:r 

On his right are the Banu Asad 

And the redoubtabie Banu 'Abs and Dhubyan. 



The ea 



Ji:ik:.i 



Aus and 'Ulhman are two tribes of Muiayna (820). 
4 Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri from Sinan h. Abu Sinan al-Du'ali from Abil 
Waqid al-Laythi told me that al-HSrith b. MJlik sald: We went forth with 
llie apo.stle tu I.Iunayn fresh from paganism. The heathen QurayBh and 
other Arabs had a great grccn 1 : 1 .. iiich thcy nsed 

wn.v, 'Make us .! irec li> liaii" tlnngw iin sudi as they have.' He said, 'Allah 



■■■■■■ 






TheLifeofM 



560 



inllisl 



people said to him : ' "Make us 

"You are an ignorant people. You would follow the customs of those 

'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada from 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. Jabir from his 
father Jabir b. 'Abdullah told me: When wc apptoadwd H r SdI Ilunayii Wl 

ally m thc m 11 1 ' 1 il n n had got there before us and had 
hidden themsehes in its bypaths and side tracks and narrow places. They 
had collectcd and wcre fully prepared, and by Goil »e were terriried whcn, 
as we were coming down, the squadrons attacked us as one man. The 
people broke and fled none heeding the other. The apostle withdrew to 
the right and said, 'Where are you gcing, men? Come to me, I am God's 
apostle. I am Muhammad the son of 'Abdullah.' And not for nothing did 
the cameb bump one into the other. The men ran away except that a 8« 
number of MuhSjirs and Ansar and men of his family remained with the 
apostle. Of the Muhajirs who stood firm were Abu Bakr and 'Umar; of 
h. al ll"rithandhisson;and 

al-Fadl b. 'Abbas ; P 1 .1 . . H n ithand Usama b. Zayd and Ayman 

b. Umm Ayman b. 'Ubayd who was kitled that day (821). 

There was a man of Hawarin on a red camel carrying a black banner at 
the end of a long spear leading Hawazin. When he overtook a man he 
thrust him with his spear. When people moved out of his reach he lifted 
his spear to those behind him and they went after them. 

When the inen iled and tiie rude fclIows from Mccca who wcre with thc 

enmity. Abu Sufyan b. Harb said, 'Their Hight will not stop berore they 

b. at-Hanbal crio.i 1 Saiwan b. Umayya 

was a polytheist during the respite which the apostle had given him) : 
'Surely sorceir is vain today.' Safwan said, 'Shut up! God smash vour 
mouth! I would rather be ruled by a man of Ouraysh than a man of 
HawSitin' (8*3). 

Shayba b. 'Uthman b. Abii Talha, brother of B. 'Abdu'1-Dar, said: I 

killed at Uhud). Tm!ay'l wiil kill Muhammad. I went round him to kill 
■ [■: ^. si. ihat I could not do it 

One of thc Meccans told me that when the apostle left Mecca torHunayn 
and saw the great numberof Go I . ... 51 1 1.I1 lum he said, 'He S 4 

shall not be wonsted today for want of numbers.' Some people allege that 
a man of B. Bakr said this. 

Al-Zuhrl from Kathir b. al-'Abb!5s from his father told me: I was with 



The Life of Muhammad 




i > ,i \ i 

aid hecd, arul lu said, '<) '■' 


>ice. Theapostle' 

Ibbas cry loujiy, 



Ansar, O comrades of the acacia tree" ' and they answered 'Here we are' ; 
and a mari would try to turn his beast and could not do it; and he would 
take his mail and throw it on itanec-ii, .'.n.l lakc his sw,,rd and shield andget 
off his mount and let it go its way and make for the voice until he came to 
the apostle. Finally a hundred wete gathered by him and they went 
forward and fought. At tirst the cn was 'Tn itu-, Ansrir" anj iinaJi To 
nre. Khnirnj !' Thct v erc stcadfast in the fight and the apostle standing in 
his stirrups looked down at the mĕlee as they were tigtrting and said, 'Now 



'Asim b, 'Umar b. Qatada fror 
b iliduilah li V 1,1 .1 ■ i 
was doing as he did 'Ali and one r 



i'1-Rahman from his failier Jabir 

ic Iljw.r/in .stmidard Dn his camel 

isar turncd aside making for him. 

rung his camel and it fell upon its 

iup ; aiul tlic Ansiiri leapt upon him and struck him a blow which sent his 

:;' bia sli:r-:k ind he SaH fnun his saddle. The men went 

6 i, i 1 by God, when those who had run away returned they 

und only prisoners handcuired with the apostle. 

The apostle turned to Abu Sufyan who was one of those who st( 



" apostle 



;;skcd -vlirj i: 
God.' 1 



aat day an 

l- ::.,k::,L 
. He rep 



as an erccellent Muslim when he accepted 



Abu Bakr told me that the apostle turned and aaw Umm 
-., M , \ I n I , i iitil, ) isbandAb 1'alha She was wearing 
a striped s: llt: and was pregnant with her son 'Abdullah b. Abu Talha. 
She had her husband's camel with her and was afraid that it would be too 
mucn for lier, so she brought its head near to her and put her hand in the 
nose ring of hair along with the nose rein. After telling the apostle who 
she was in response to his question she said, 'Kill those who run away from 
you as you kill those who fight you, for they are worthy oi" death!' The 
apostle said, 'Rather God will save (me the need), O Umm Sulaym!' Shc 
haj a knite wilh her and Abu Talha asked why, and she said, 'I took the 
k-nte -.u that if a n iyihi t- r , .,t „ n, ;r irn. .,m i i ■ m uj .■ irh u 1 ' He 
said, 'I)o you hear what L'mm Sulaym al-Ruinays;V says, apostk-r' 
When he set out for Hunayn the apostle had joincd f), Suiayrn tn al- 
I i tl u i itntalongwithhim. And when 

the men ned Mrtlik b. 'Auf said, addressing hia horse: 
Forward, Muhaj! ! This is a difficutt day 



whence blood gushed at 

dst, 

:times quietly tlowing, 

where are you Aeeing ? 



When the lurking crave 
I tcould make a wide g; 
Blood spurting from its 
Sometimes in spouts, S( 
The spear shaft broken 
O Zayd, O Ibn Hamhat 
Now teeth are gone, olc 
The white long-veiIed x 
That I am no tyro in st 
When the chaste wife is 



Forward, Muhaj! They are nne horsemen. 
Do not think that the enemy have gone (824). 

Ansarl; and one of our companions whom I have no reason to suspect told 
me from Niff, cl ■ i uhammad from Abij Qatada, that 

the latter said : On the day of Hunayn I saw two men nghting, a Muslim 
rtnd a polytheist. r I :clp him against the 

Muslim, so I went up to him and struck off his hand, and he throttled me 
with the orher ; and by God he did not let me go until I smelt the reek of 
blood (825). He had all but kilied me and had not loss of blood weakened 
hirn he would ha-. e dnne so. Dut he fell and I struek and killed him, and 
was too occupied with the tighting to pay any more attentlon to him, One 
of the Meccans passed by and stnpped hirn, and when the righting was 
ovcr and wc had tinisbcd with the enemy the apostle said that iiimine who 
had killed a foe could have his spoil. 1 told the apostk that I had kilkd a 
man who was worth stripping and had been too occupied with (ighting at 
the time and that I did not know who had spoile J hi m, One of tlie Meccans 8 49 
admitted that I had spoken the truth and that the spoil was in his posses- 
siun. 'So pay liim tu lns sarisiiictiun on niy beiialr irom his spoil.' Abu 

you going to make one of God's lions who iougiit :iu llis reliiiiim i;;; sharcs 
with you in his prey ? Return the spoil of the mrtn he killed to himl' The 

I ever held, 

One I do not suspect told me from Aba Salama from Ishaq b. 'Abdullah 
b. Abu Talha from Anas b. Milik: Abij "Taiha alone took the spoil of 



My father Ishiq b. Yasar told n 
Mut'im: Before the people fled and 
thc iike of a bkck garme ' 



The Life of Mukammad 



I looked, and h> black ants everywhere rille 
that they were the angcls. I'::. 
God put to rlight the polytheists of Hunayn an 
er them a Muslim woman said: 



An.i a: 






Whtn Hawteirj were put to Hight the killing of Thaqlf among the B. 

Malik was severe and seventv ol ' : ■ ' ihcir nag, among 

whomwerc 'Uthman b. 'Abdullah b, Rabi'a b. al-Harith b, Hahlb. Their 
flag was with Dhu'1-Khimar. When he was killcd 'Uthman b. 'Abdullah 

:;J told me that when news of his death reached 
the apostle hc said, 'God curse him! He used to hate Quraysh.' 
Ya'qub b. 'Utba b, al-Mughlra b. al-Akhnas told me that a young un- 
circumcised Christian slave was killed with 'Uthman, and while one of the 
Ansaris was plundering the slain of Thaqif he stripped the slave to plunder 
him and found that he was uncircumcised. He called out at the top of his 
voice, 'Look, you Arabs, God knows that Thaqit irt uri i i i I 
MughTra b. Shu'ba took hold of his hand, for he was atraid that this report 
would go out from them among the Arabs, and told him not to say that, 
for the man concerned was onh I . I I I i. r l,e began to un- 

cover the slain and showed that thcy were circumcised. 

The Hag of the Ahlif was with Qarib b. al-Aswad, and when the men 
were routed he leant it against a tree, and he and his cousins and his people 
fled Only rwo men of thc Ahlaf were killed and onc of the B. Ghiyara 
called Wahb and another of B. Kubl I V\ hen the apostle 

heard of thc killing of al- uljh l,r s:'.ij. Tlic chief of the young mcn of 
l , ,-| , ttpt Ibn Hunayda has been killcd today, meaning by him al- 
Harith b. Uways. 

'Abbas b. Mirdas al-SuIami, mentioning Qaril> h. nl-Aswad atid Ins 
r%ht froffl bJs father's sons, and Dhu'1-Khimir and his shutting up his 
.-sui, said: 

Who will tell Ghaylan and 'Urwa from me 

(I think one who knows will eome to him). 

I send to tell you something 

Which is dirterent from what you say which will go round 






my L. 



The Life of Muhammad 
Evil was the state of the B. Qasiy in Wajj' 
When each one's atTairs were decreed. 
Thcy lost the day (and every people has a ruler 

We came on them like lions of the thickets, 
Thc armies of God came openly. 
We came at the main body of B. Qasiy 
Almost nying at them in our rage. 

.jyed I swear we would have comc at thcm 

Wc wcrc as Iions of i.iya* there until wc destroyed them 
And al-Nusur 1 wcre forced to surrender. 
There was a day before that day 3t Hunayn which is pasl 
And blood then nowed frccly. 
In former days there was no battle like this; 
Mcn of long memories have never heard of such. 
Wc slcw !i. Iluiayt rn tlic dust by rheir Hjrs 
While thc cavalry turned away. 
Dhu'1-Kliimar was not the chief of a people 
Wh.i pnsscs^J iritelligence to blame or disapproye. 
. 



r 
t help in su 



Those who escaped wei 

A multitude of them wr 

The languid man could 

Nor he who was too shy air 

Hc destroyed them and he perished himself. 

Thcy had given him the leadership and the leaders fli 

liauu '.\td"s horses wcnt at a fair pace 

Fed on fresh grass and barley. 

But for Qarib and his father's sons 

Thc nelds and castlcs would have been divided, 

But thcy attained prominence 

i!v tiic Iticky advice tlicy were given. 

Thcy obeyed Qarib and they had good fortunc 

And good sense that brought them glory. 

11 lln-y .rrt Einded lo Islam they ttill bc found 

Leaders of men while tniie lasts. 

If they do not accept it they call 

For God's war in which they will have no helper. 

As war deslroyed the B. Sa'd 

And fate the clan of B. Ghaziya. 



Tke Hfe of Mukammad 
lock of sleep coming bleating to Islam. 



Whcn thc polytheists were routed they eame n. al-TS"if. IV 
was with them and others were encamped in Autas. Some of 
for Nakhla, but only the B, Ghiyara of Thaqlf. The apostle's 
lowed those who took the road to Nakhla, but not those who 



mth, 



b. Uhbanb.Thalabab. 



'Auf b. Imru'ul-Qays who was cnllcd alicr tiis motlier Ihn Dughunna more 
cftei, (X2o) ocertook Durayd b. al-Simma and took hold of his camel's 
halter, thinking that he was a woman because he was in his howdah. And 
lo, it was a man ; he made the camel kneel and it was a vcry old man — 
Durayd {-. al-Sitmna. ' 'hc yiiurr: n i jti ilul not know him and Durayd 

that he wanted to kill him, and struck him with his sword to no effect. 

Durayd said, "vYl,at :! pcor wcapon your morher has givcn you! Take this 



Durayd b. al-Simma, for i 

The B. Stilaym allege tha 

eiposed himself, and lo hts crotch and tne lnsid 

paper from riding horses bareback. When Rabi' 

he told her that he had kilkd him and she sai 



mother tell her that ; 
le day f have protected your v 
said, 'Wlicn J sniote him he 



d. Durayd sa 
faith I i 



>f HihTVsk'i l'iu- : 



ot fear the army of late 
On Durayd's account in the valley of Sumayra. 
tay the B. Sulaym for him 

V iligraliluih unii thcm lni i.iial tlicy l,tv . 
gb , iia t!u: hlood of their best men to drii 
e Icad an army against them. 



Mr ,v 



m :hcm 



vV:k,i Ihcy wi-rc ,it t!n point of death. 
Many a iinhle woman ol tlicirs ilid w.u rree 
And others you loosed from bonds. 
ii.any a mnn of Sulasni namcd you noble 
As he dtcd «Iicn you hail answcrcd lns call. 
Our reward from thcm is ingratitii...c jtul crld 



Would have attacked thcm continuously whereyer they were (829). 

The apnstle sent Abri 'Amir al-Ash'ari on the track of those who had 

gt.nc towanjs AiitTis :m,.l ht ncrtonk siini of the fugitives. In thc skir- 

mishcs wlnch h.lii.wed vhn '\m,r ,ras killcd hy an arrow anil Abii Musa 

al-Asli'arT, his cousin, took thc standard. He cominticii ihe nghl and God 

Durayd siiot Abu 'Amir in the knec 






|f 11 111 j.„; al 






is of the Musl 



Samadir was his mother. 

The B. Nasr killed many of B. Ri'ab and they allege that 'Abdi 
Qavs, callcd b. al-'Aura', 'one of B. Wahb b. Ri'ab, 
■li/RiTib hnve pcrishcrj,' and they allege that the ap 
make good tlicir losscs.' 

Milik b. 'Auf during thc fhght stopped v.i:!i snrm: 
pass on the road and told thcm to wait until thc wc 
those in the rear had caught up, and they did so. I 
Were it riot for two charges on Muhaj 
The way would be dihicult fnr the camp followers. 
But for the charge of Duhman b. Nasr 
At the palms where a!-Shadiq ! flows 
Ja*far and Banu llilal winild hiuc returncd discimillicj 
Kiding two on a camel in their distress (830). 
Salama b. Durayd who was conducting his wife until hc escaped tf 
You would have me forget though you are unhurt 
And though you know that day it the foot of al-A*rub 
That I protecled you and walked behind you 
Watching on all sidcs when to ride would have been a bo 
When evcry wcli-traiacl warni.r with Howb.g locks 
Fied from his mothcr and did not return to his friend (83 



id, 'O God, 



Tke Life of Muhammad 



ne of our companions told us that the apostle that t 


ay passed hy 


an whom Khalid b. al-Walid had killed while men had 


gathercd roun 


When he heard what had happened he senl word tn 




him to kill child, or woman, or hired slave. 




neof B. Sa'd h. Eakr tuld nic that the aposlle said lliat 


day,Tfyouge 






mofB. S 



l'tUt linr, 



,,' for h 



j. When the Muslims took him tliey U.l him a. 

ii 1 t.nii i i I i i I tn i ,i 1 - i I lliiith ( I b 

Abdullah) b. Abdu']-'Uzza, fostcr-sister nf the apostle. Thcy tieated hcr 
.oughli as thci brought h." i: ■ r "'■ Ihtii sht was 

ihc .oslei-sisiiT <il itic itpostlc, but they did not believe her until they had 
brought her to the apostle. 

YazTd b. 'Ubayd al-Sa'di told me that when she was brought to the 
iinĕd to be his foster-sister, and whcn hc ask, . . 
7 said, 'The bite you gave me in my back when I cai 






oofandstt 



tched ut 



,.: lu-rli, 



itcd her kiudly. Ilc gave hcr the ctioice of licing 
tion and honour or going back to her people with presents, anu sne c 
the lattcr. Thc II. Sa'd alk-ge that lic gityc lici ;. slaw ... " 

iii , L . t th, iih. ii ' i, ,..' i, , -",11 CMists (83 
The names of those roartyred at Hunayn were: 
From Quraysh of B. Hashim: Ayman b. 'Ubayd. 
From B. Asad h. 'Abdu'1-T^r.: Ya_iJ h. Z..m'« 1.. al-Aswa 
al-Muttalib b. Asad. A horae of his called al-Janah tbre w lnm 
killed him. 

From the Ansar: Suraija b. al-rj5rith. b. 'Adiy from B. 'Ajlan. 
From the Ash'ariyun: Abii 'Amir al-Ash'ari. 
II , I II 1 , ■ I , _', 1 th nththeirprop 

M.is'ii.1 h. Amr al-Ghifari (T. al-Qari) was over the spoits am! thc _p 



Sulma said about Hunayn : 






l.ijjaYr h. Zutiayr 


b h AbaSu, m 


Whcn fear overwhelmed e 

While the horses galloped 
Some running clutching th 
Others knocked sidciv_vs 1 



And ttloriiicii 11 . ii. tiie worship of the Compa; 
Gotl dcstrtneil lhc.11 utid disiicrscd thcm .ll 
And humiliated thcm in the worship of Satan 



TkeLi/e o/M 
'Abbas b. Mirdas said about the battle of Hunayn: 
By the swift horses on the day of Muzdalifa 
And by what the apostle recites from the Book 
I liked the punishment Thaqif got yesterday on th 
They wcre thc chief of the enemies from Najd 

liBg was sweeter than drink. 
We put to Aight all thc armv of B. Qasiy. 
The full weight fell on B. Ri'_b. 



Thc 1 



:s of Hila 



lf our horses had m 



With a loud 



'Aiiya b. 'Ufayyif al-Nasrt answered hi 
Does Rifa't boast aboUt Hunayn? 
And 'Abbis son of her who sucks m 
For you to boast is like a maid who 

'Atiya spoke these two verses becaua 

Hawazin. Rifa'a was of Juhayna. 

.Urdas also said: 

Seal of the Prophets, you are si 

With all guidance for the way. 

God has built up love upon you 



.11 His c 



Then those wl 



id you 



re faithful to your agre 
. you set al-Pahhak, 
A man with sharp weapons as though 
When the enemy surrounded him he saw 1 
He attacked those of (his) kith and kin 
Seeking only to please God and you. 



,irt par-Ucl. Cf. W, 



rg The Life of Muhammad 

1 tell \oij 1 s:r.v him charging in clouds of dust 
Crushing ihe heads of the polytheists ; 
Ncw thi-ouling \rith bare hands, 
Now splitting their skulls with his sharp sword. 1 
The B. Sulaym hastened befc-re him 
With continual cuts and thrusts at the enemy. 
They walked beneath his banner there 
Like lions with a haunt they mean to defend. 
They did not hope for consideration of kinship 
But obedience to their Lord and your love. 
These were our doings for which we are renownei 
And our Helper is your Lord. 



ttfS 



x, O Umm Farwa, o 

riderless and lame! 

ld reduced their 



Theba 

Blood gushed from deep wounds. 

Many a woman whom our prowess protected 

From the hardship of war so that she ! had no fe 

'There are none like those who came to make an i 

Which forged an inseparable link witt. Muhamma 

A depuUtion among them Abu Qatan, Huzaba 

And Abu'1-Ghuyuth and Wasi' and al-Miqna' 

Andhewl ' " 



' 






Banu *Auf and the clan of Mukhashin collected six hunt 

There when the prophet was helped by our thousand 

He handed us a rhittering standard. 

We conquered with his rlag and his comni'.- 

lifc and autharity that will not cease. 
The day that we formed the prophet's nank 
ln the vale of Mecca whe 



We went helmeted and unmailed alik 
With long mail whose mesh David cl 
When he weaved iron, and Tubba' tc 






Thc Life of Mukammad 
In any emergency inrlict loss and do well. 
We drove off Hawazin that day with spears. 
Our cavalry was submerged in rising dust 
When even the prophet feared their bravery, and as tl 
The sun all but ceased to shine thereit. 
Banu Jusham were summoned and the hordes of N; 

L niil tln- npustle Muhammad said, 



ut for us their bra 



ery 



. \ miurcd the believers and they would have 
had gained. 
iii- nlsi: siiui: 
Mijdal is desertcd hv i::: pcnplr nrij \Iu:. r :li'' 
And the plain of Arik, and its cisterns are empty. 
We had homes, O Juml, when all life was pleasant 
And the change of abode- brought the tribe together. 
Long absence afar has changed my beloved, 
linl .'.iii ,. Iinpp:' p.is: : :vr rcturn ? 
If you scck thc unhclit\ era I do not blame you, 
But I am a helper and follov.'CT of thc prophet. 
Thc best of cmbassies I know summoiied us to them, 
Khuzayma, and al-Marrar and Wasi', 

In armour woven by David. 

Anj t; was to God th 






ca puhlicly with the gui 
While the dust arose in all direclmiis. 
Sweat covered the backs of the horses 
And warm blood from within grew huttcr, 
On the day of Hunayn when Hawazin came against 
And we could scarcely breathe 
We stood steadfast with al-Pahhak; 

In Iront of the apostle a banner nuttered above us 

Like the rapid movement of a cloud. 

The night that Dahhak b. Hufv5n rought with the a 

And dcath was near 

Wc dcfcnded our brothcr from our brolher, 3 






The Ufe of Muhmr, 
religion is the ;<, i 



The Life of Mukammad 



The I. 



lk with Umm Mu'a 



n by C'„ 



ot break the link, 
,1« her oath. 
in the vale of al-'Aqiq' 



She had sv 

But she did nc 

Sheisot BanO Khufaf «ho siiini 

And occupy Wajra and 'Urf in tl 

Though Umm Mu'ammal follows thc unbelievers 

She has made me love her more despite her distance fram me. 

Someone will tell her that we refuse to do so 

And sedt only our Lord in alliance ; 

And that we are on the side of the guide, the prophci y: 

Atld number > thoi u b. rmo (other) tribe reached. 

Who obey his orders to the letter, 

1 lielmete 3 
Clothed long-eared lions which meet one anotber in their lairs. 
By us God's religion is undeniably strong. 
We added a like numher to the clan that was with him. 
When we came to Mecca, our banner 
Was like an eagte soaring to dart on its prey 
(Kuiirl^) nn luirstis vv:ndl t;.izcd upwards. 

You would think when they gallop in their bits there is a soond of 

The day we trod down the unbelievers 
And found no deviation or turning from the apost!e's order, 
In a battlc mid which the people heard only 
Our exhortations to hght and the smashing of skulls 
By swords that sent heads Hying from their base 
And seveted the necks of warriors at a blow. 
■ve left the slain cut to pieces 



And , 



■Tis God not man we seek to please; 

To Him belrjncs :l;c sllii ■ 

What ails thine eye painful and sleepless 
Its lash feeling like a piece of chaff ? 
' ' gs sleeplessness to the eye 



'.inl te 






How far off is the home of her you long for, 
Al-Sammln and al-Hafar stand in the wayl 
Talk no more of the days of youth. 

Aini reineniber the nghting of Sulaym in their settlemei 

And Sulaym have something to boast about: 

They are the people who helped God 

And followed the apostle's religion while men's arTairs wi 

They do not plant young palms in their midst 

And cows do not low in their winter quarters. 

tike eagles are kept near them 
Surrounded by multitudes of camels. 
Khufaf and 'Auf were summoned on their Aanks 
And the clan of Dhakwan armed and keen to fight. 
They smote the armies of the polytheists openly 
In Mecca's vale, and killed them quickly, 
Until we departed, and their dead 
Were like uprooted palms in the open valley. 
Oii IIij!:.',vii's dnv '.II .stanu strengthened religion 
And with God that is stored up. 
Then ,ve nskcd death in the gloom 
•\s tln- hiirk scailered rlnst clcared away from the horse 
Under the banner with al-Dahhak leading us 

In a narrow place where war pressed hard. 1 

Sun and moon were almost blotted out by it. 

We devoted our lances to God in Autas, 

We helpcd whom k would and we became vietorious 

Until certain people returned to their dwellings, who 

But for us and God would not have returned. 









rider with whom there h. 


Astrong, sturdy, finn foot* 


It vr:u roin, i., :':,■ ,.- .,p|,,: 


When the asscmbn is quict 


'0 best that ever rodc a catl 


' ll walkec theearlli. it" ™ul 







When there i. 






■ Buhtha' 



A multitude which shook the mountatn paths 

Until we came on the people of Mecca with a squadr 

Glittering with steel, led by a proud chief 

Composed of Sulaym's sturdiest men 

Capped in strong iron mesh with iron top 

Blnoding their shatia uhen thcy dashed into battle, 

'■ im.l wmild think them gbwering lions, 

They engaged the squadron wearitig their badges, 









U i v. L :- ; :. Inrward, God guarding us, 

I ' Lh. se He guards, 

We made 3 stand in Manaqib, ! 
Whii-!i pk-ased God, what a fine stand it wai 
On the day of Autas we fought so nercely 
That the enemy had ell 
Hawazin appeakd to tf 
The br 






Until we left them like w 


ildasscs 


Which wild heasts have c 


ontinuall 


realsosald: 




We helped God's apostle, 


ii,., - ,,, 


With a thousand warriors 








His helper protecting it ir 


deadly t 


We dyed it with blood, fo 




Theday ofHunaynwhen 




We were his right wing in 




We had charge of the flag 





fly preyed upon {S35). 



helped him against his opponents. 

dy reward that fine prophet Muhammad 

ingthen him with victory, for God is his helper! {836) 



that Muhammad, God's apostle, 
Is rightly guided wherever he goes? 
He prayed to his Lord and asked His help alone. 
He gave it graciously fulril]ing His promise. 
We journeyed and met Muhammad at Qudayd, 
Hc intending to do with us what God had determined. 

Iit- il 1 11 11 n h r < 1 with levelled lances, 

Firmly clad in mai!, our infantry 
A strong force like a rushing torrcnt. 
The hest of the tribe if you must ask 
Were Sulaym and those who claimed to be Sulaym, 
ly of Helpers wl " " 



Obeying what he said ui 



ringly. 
le Khalid chief of the ar 



And I fulfilled it with a thousand bridled horses. 
The prophet of the behevers said, Advancc! 
And we ii-j.iiced that we were the vanguard. 
We passed the night at the poo! of Mustadir; 
Thcre was no fear in us but desire and preparedne 

The piebald stecd with reddish barrel went astray 2 
And the chief was not content till it was marked. 
We attacked them like a flock of grousc the mornin( 
Everyone was too concerned to see to his fellow, 
From morn till eve till we left Hunayn 
Witli its watercourses strcnming with blood. 
Wherever you looked you could see a fine mare 



The Life of Muhammad 
cr lying beside a broken lance. 



Damdam b. al-Harith b. Jusham 
Yaqaza b. 'Usayya al-SulamT said o 
Kinana b. al-Hakam b. Khahd b. i 
nephew of his, both of Thaqif ) : 

We brought our horses without overdriving them 
To Jurash' from the people of Zayy5n and al-Fam, 
nd making for the temples 



b. Habtb b. Malik b. 'Auf b. 
igl.I.mayn (Thaqlf had killed 
d, so he killed Mihjan and a 



Built befor ( 






[ of the killing of Ibn aUSharid 

nanywidowsuiWajj. a 

two of them avenging Ibn al-Sharid 



When she saw a man whom the fierce heat of a toni 

Had left with blackened face and Seshless bones. 

You could see his leanness at the end of the night 









ae aaddle of a thick short-haired m 
My garment touching my belt ;* 
One day in quest of booty, 
Another, Bghting along with the Ansar. 
How much fertile land have I travelied, 

at gentle pace 



That I might ch 



of poYcrt 



The Life of Muhammad 

And help any of them who suiTers a loss ? 

Many a squadron dkl I nicct witji a sqiiadnni 

Half of them mailed, half of them without armour. 

Many a place which would appal the bold 

Did I occupy first, as my people well know. 

I came down to ;t and left brothers coming down 

To its waters— waters of blood; 1 

When its waters rolled away they bequeathed to me 

The glory of life and spoil to be divided. 

You charged me with the fault of Muhammad's people, 

But God knows who is morc ungratetul and unjust. 

You forsook mewhen I fought alone 

You forsook me when Khath'am fought. 

When I built up glory one of you pulled it down, 

Builder and destroyer are not equal. 

Many a man who becomes thin in winter, hasting to glory, 

Generous, devoted to lofty aims, 

I stabbed with a black shaft of Yazan'a work» 

Headed by a long blade, 

c turnuig back his friend 

And saying, You cannot come at S0-and-3O, 

Fully armed I opposed the spears 

Like a target which is pierced and split. 
\n. anonymous poet also said about Hawiiin mentioning their es 
rl against the apostle with Malik b. 'Auf after he had acccepted Is 

Recall their march against the eneroy when they assembled 

When the Hags Auttered over Malik. 

Kone was above Malik on the day of Hunayn 3 

When the crown glittered on his head 

Until they met courage when courage lcd them 

Wearing their heimets, mail, and shields. 

They smote the men till they saw none 
Round the prophet and until dust hid him. 

Then Gabriel was sent down from heaven to help them 
And we were routed and captured. 

at Gabriel had fought us 



Ouril 

'Umar al-Faruq escaped 



' 






O eyes, he generous with your tears 
i <.r' Ujlik and al-'Al_'; be not niggardly. 
'l!i.\ v,.rc ilie sIav.:rsof Abil *.\mir 
Wbo held a sword with streaky marks. 

Staggering, feebly unsupported. 
lu Thawab Zayd b. Suhar, one of B. Sa'd b. Bakr, said: 
Have you not heard that Quraysh conquered Hawazin 

There was a ttme, Quraysh, when if we were angry 
li Bcemed :.- tl.inurh Kiuff srere m our nostrils. 
And now Quray * - ' 



„ h; :, 



rcfuse h___l 



of the dan of Usayyid, ai 



By God's coir 








W.ier. ■.-.■_ nel 


, Q Hawazin, 




■:t„V. Iii.:i:l. witll frcsll blood. 


We3 U ed a o 


1 B. Qasiy assembled 


Some of your 




An.i «t turne. 


.1 ui kill li.Mli .us_invL -m! slat 


AI-Multath la 




1. .,.'■■„, 1,, 
lf Qays 'Aylat 


tth sounding like a rj. ;_i-,._; y.i 
i be angry 



Kb.idi.| b. al-'Auja' al-Nasrt _ 



,t llu- peaks of 'i:_wa they would have hecome I 

I' mv per:plL.-'s .hiei. tuiLL obcycd me 

\'c should not thcn luiw: inct liir liii.k' tit.ud 



The Ujt of Muhammad 
Nor should we have met the army of Mu. 

: 



,. ,ti I l.i, „r , , 


•Urwa b. Mas'ud not 


Gl.ay- 


h. . _.[_.i„_. ..ltc piL.cnt at Hunayn or at th 








: catapult, and other 




its. 1 When hc had rlnislicd at l.iun.wi 1!„. 


apostlewent.oal-T_'if. 


L_'h b. 1.1 iilik when the apostle came to tl 


lis decision said: 




We put an end to doubt itl the lowiands 


and Khaybar, 










We gave them the choice and could the) 


■ have spoken 




Their blades would have said, Give us Daus or Thaqif. 




May I be motherless if you do not see 






Thousands of us in your caurts. 






\\ i- v;ill [_ar off the roofs in the valley o 






Aud ■■.<■ >.vill make your houses desolatc. 






: ;„, su fn st cavalry will come di_ you 






Leaving behind a tangled mass. 






When they come down on your courts 






You will hear a cry of alarm 






With sharp cutting swords in their hand 


s like Aashes of lighti 




By which they bring death to thosc who 


would fight them 




Tempered by Indian smiths— not beatet 






You would think that the llnwiii!; Iilood 






Was mingled with saffron the morn the 


forces met. 





Who is the Compassio 
If you offer peace we . 
And makc you partner 



TiUyou turn to Islam, humbly sei-kiiis! rcfui;c. 

Wc uill light not caring whom wc meet 

Whcthcr w-c destroy ancient holdings or newly gotten g 

T!.cv catiic at us tliuikjti^ llicy luid nii ei|ual 

With our fine polished Indian swords, 

Driving them yiolently hetore us 

To the command of God and Mam, 

Until rcligion is establrshcd, just and straight, and 

Al-LSt and al-'Uzza and Wudd are forgotten 

And we plunder them of their nccklaces and earrings. 

And hc who cannot protcct himselt must suffer disgrace 
Kinana b. 'Abdu Yalil b. 'Amr b. 'Urnayr answcred hlm: 









which w: 



us (lct him 



er l«tve. 



And we hold its wells and vin.eyards, 
'Amr b. 'Amir put us to thc tei ■ 
And lliL i-.ise and mtelligent told them ahout 
They know if they speak the truth that we 
Bring down the high looks of the proud. : 
We force the strong to " 



And thc v 






M UlL Ji 



ar light mail the legacy of ._. . 
Gleaming like stars in the sky. 
We drive thcm lrom us with sha> p sworJs. 
Whcn they are drawn from thc scahliau! « 



iddad b. 'Arid al-Jusham 
Don't help al-Lat for I 



id about the apostle's ( 
help herself be helped i 



None nghting l,efore l.cr stor, 
\\ licn lb,. apostle descends or 
None of her pcople will be lel 



The Life af Muhammad 
leyed by Nakhlatu'1-Yamaniya, atld Qarn, a 
'1-Rugha' of Liya.' A mosquc ivii liiii.lt iina ,: 



a-ayb L, 






when hc ca 



■ theri- 



in lslam. A man of B. Layth had killed a man of Hudhayl and hc killcd 
linn i;i rctaiiation. When he was in Liya the apostle ordered that the fort 
of Malik b. 'Auf should be destroyed. Then he wcnt on a road called 
al-Dayqa. a As he was passing along it hc asked its name. When he was told 
that it was 'the strait' he said, 'No, it is the easy.' 3 Then he went by Nakhb 

of Thaqif. The apostle sent word to him, 'Eithcr come out or we will 
■jestray your wafl. M He refased to come out so the apostle ordered hiswall 
to be destroyed. 

ise the c 



ws wcre reaching them. 
r they had fastened the 
withdrew and) pitched 



The Muslims could not get through their ' 
gate. Wheo these men were killed by arrows 
his camp ncar where his mosque stands toda 
tv-ii,,.yday S (8 3 o). 

He had two of his wives with him: Umm Salama d. Abii Umayya (T. 
iind another with her). He struck two tents for them and prayed between 
the tents. Then he staycd thnr; . >.\ hen Thaqil Buiretidered 'Amr b. 
Umayya b. Wahb h. Mu'attib h Miilik built a m.,sque over the place 
where he prayed. There was a pillar in the mosque. Somc allcgc that the 
sun ticccr nse-a ovcr it any flay but a creaking noise s is heard from ii. 'I'hc 

atT0ws{8 4 o),untilwhenthedaj oi storming l ,i , II I h 

number of his CDmpanions went undcr a testudo and advanced up to the 
wall to breach it. Thaqrf let loose on them scraps of hot iron so they came 
out from under it and Thaqif shot them with arrows and killed somc of 
thcm. The aposSle ordered that the vineyards of Thaqif should be cut 
down aiid ilic men fell upnn them cutting them down. 

\u -, I „ II, 1 , il li i I il u i) 

called to Thaqif to grant them safety so that they oould speak to them. 
When thej aeiccl lln v callci on ih,- woitieu of Quraysh and B. Kmanato 
come out to them for thev wcrc .11.1,1,1 it th v .' nild he captured, but 
they refused to come. Thcv were Amina d. Abii Sufyan who was married 
to '( "rwa b. MasTid by whom she gave birth to Da"ud b. 'Urwa (844.) ; and 



The Life of Muhatrmwd 
Fuqaymiya Umayma d 



/■•as 'Abdu'1-Rahmi 



a]-T5'if 
himselforleave 



Ibn al-Aswad b. Mas'Qd said ta the two 

ic Ti-ll yutt oC something better than that which you have come 
know wbere ihe pruncrly of fi. \jv.jd is." (The apostlc was 



i..tW»i 



us.' They alic.ec thal thc aj 
J have heard that the apostle said ta i 

al-T,Vif, 'I s;rv,-tni.t Jre:im)thatlwasj 
peckccl tit it arit] spili it/ \h : H;ik: stuj 



postle said that he did not th 



Then Khuwayla d. Hakim b. Umayya b. Haritha b. i 
miya, wife of 'Lthman b. Maz'un, asked the apostlt 

jcnelkTi ni Kai.ii ,1 J. Gluylan h. Salama, i»r ilte jeweilc 
'Ai|i! i! Goii gave him victorv mn- ol-T5\f k iU, , 
ieweUed v,:men of Thaqif. I 
'And if Thaqif is not pcrmitt 
went and told 'Ui 



it. On h. 



tigthal 



.1 if ],L 



Khuwayla"'' Shr. I hi i 
the apostle if he had teally sa 



W i .'. i.i. in.i 1 T -a i ' !i biuh Vil h. Abu 'Amr b. 
tllaj called out, 'The tnbe is holding oul.' ' T yayna b. Htsn sai,!, "Ycs, 
)bly and gloriously.' One of the Muslims said to him, 'Gud smite you, 
Jyayna! Do you praise the polytheists for holding out against the apostle 
hen you have come to help him?' '! JiJ not comc to liglil That|if with 
1. i i i i I i ntidtugetpossessionof al-Ta'if 

that I might get a girl from Thaqif whom I might tread (T. maie 
•egnant) so that she might hear me a son, for Thaqif arc a people who 
oduce inteUigent children.' 
During his session therc some of the slaves besieged in al 



K. Mi.kac. 



ii nrn 






ni 1 Ji 



me of them talked about these slaves, but the apostle 

retused to do anything saying that thcy were God's free men. One of those 
v.I,n s,mkt- about them wasal-Harith b. Kalada (842). 
Now Thaqif had seized the t.tmily of Marwiin b. Qays al-Dausi, he 
75 haeing bt-coim: tt Musliin and hcbct: ihc cp.-J, iic.iuist ThaqTf. Thaqif 
allcge arni Thaqif is the an^stnr ™i .h„™ ,1,- „.;k„'= A, l m ,„ h» „f n„„. 
is based — thrtt the apostle s; 
your family the Erst man of 



The Life 0} Muhammad 591 

al-Qushayri and tnok him until they should return his family to him. 
\\ rijliiitl h - it ,1 ktl lui ,1 , .itr f rinhandandspoketoThaqif 
until they let Marwan's fami]y go, and he freed Ubayy. Al-Dahhak in 
refercnce to what passed between him and Ubsyy said : 

Will you forget my kindness, Ubayy b. Malik, 

The day the apostle looked away from you ? 

Marwan b. Qays led you by hia rope 



rjf Thaqif hc 



hr.tl Iv ,, 



When you were almost in despair (843). 
These are the names of the Muslims who 1 
Frorn Qnraysh : the clan of E. Umayya 



*ere martyred at al-Ta'if: 
'AbduShams: Sa'Id b. ~ 
Jannab, an ally from al-Asd 






tl-'As b. Umayya; a 

Ghauth (844J; thc dan 01 1". . ayni l>. .ilurra: ,-lbJullali u. rtt.11 llakr was 

theclanof Makli. . 

arrow that day; the clan of H. 'Adiy b. Ka'b: 'Abdullah b. 'Anur b. Rabi'a 

an ally; the clan of B. Sahm b. 'Amr; Al-Sa'ib b. al-Harith b. Qays b. 

'AdTy and his btother 'Abdullah; tbe clan of B, Sa'd b, Layth: Julayha b. 

'Abdullah. 

From the Ansar: from B. Salima: Thabit b. al-Jadha'; from B. Mazin 8' 
b. al-Najjar: al-Harith b. Sahl b. Abu Sa'sa'a; from B. Sa'ida: al-Mundhir 
b. 'Ahdullah; from al-Aus: Ruqaym b. Tbabit b. Tha'laba b. Zayd b. 
Laudhan b. Mu'awiya. 

Twelve of the apostle's companions were martyred at al-Ta'if, seven 
frotn Quraysh, and a man from B. Layth. 

'ie apostle left al-Ta'if after the Hghting and the sitge Bujayr b. 



Zuhayr b. Al 






(Al-Ta'if) was a sequel to the battle 01 Hunayn 

And Autas and al-Abraq when 

Hawaiin gathered their force in their fol!y 

And were dispersed like seattered birds. 

The (men of al-Ta"if) could not hold a single placc 






ti! Ibt ir. 



;d oursebes that they might co 






Fully armed gliltering with deatb-dealing weapons; 
Compact, datk green, (if one thtew them at Hadan 2 



Now separat 



The Lije of Muhammad 
of lions' walking on thorns, as though w 
d riuw coming together as they are led, 

mering pool rurHcd by the wind ; 
rmour which reaches to our sandals 
.vid and the family of Muharriq. 3 



When he left al-Ta'if the apostle went by way of Dahna until he stoppcd at 
al-Ji'rana with his men, having a large number of Hawazin captives, One 
of his companions on the day he left Thaqlf asked him to curse them hut 
7 he said, 'O God, guide Thaqif and bring them (to Islam).' 

Then a deputation from HawSzin came to him in aUJi'rina where he 
liel.l fi.oo: wimirii niij riiih.r- . 

had been captured from them. 'Amr b. Shu'ayb from his father frcm his 
grandfather 'Abdullah b. 'Amr said that the deputation from Hawazin eame 
to the apostle after thcy had acccptcd [slam, saying that the disaster which 

God's sake. One of the HawSzin of the clan B. Sa'd b. Bakr (T. it was they 
who had provided the fostermother for the apostle) called Zuhayr Abu 
Surad said: 'O ApDstle of God, in the enclosures are your paternal and 
maternal aunts and the women who suckled you who used to look after 
you. Had wc actcd as fosterparents for al-HSrith b. Abu Shimr or al- 
Nu'm5n b. al-Mundhir and then got into the position in which you hold 
us wecould hopt i ur, and you are the best of trust- 

worthy men' (845). 
(T. Thenhesaid: 

Have pity on us, apostie of God, generously, 
For you are the man from whom we hope and expect pity. 
Have pity on a people whom fate has frustrated, 
Thtir v.cli-bcing shattcred by time's trusfortunes.) 
The apostle said, 'Which are dearest to you > Your sons and your wives or 
your cattle ?' They replied, 'Do you give us the choice between our catlle 






.1 llu- li 



nave they are yours. When I have prayed the n 
the Muslims, and the Muslims' intercession with the apostle for 



Tht Lije oj Muhammad 






l.Mtm 






your behalf.' W r hen thc apostle had ended the noon prayers thcy did as he 
had ordered them, and h. saui v. hai hi had promised to say. Then the 
Muhajirs said that what was theirs was the apostle's, and the Ansar said 
the same. But al-Aqra' b. HSbis said, 'So far as I and B. Tamlm are con- 8 
cerned, Nn.' 'Uyayna b. Hisn said No on behalf of himself and B. Fazara 
and so did 'Abbas b. Mirdas for himself and H. Sulaym; but B. Sulaym 
said, 'Not so; what 15 ours is the apimln's.' 'Abbas said to B. Sulaym, 'You 
have put me to shame.' Then the apostle said, 'He who holds to his right 

(T. wi-i ii.k. . : Thert the women and children were retumed to their men, 

Abii Wajza Yazld b. 'Ubayd al-Sa'di told me that thc apostlc gave 'Ali 

a girl called Rayta d. Hilal b. Hayyan b. 'Umayra b. Hil.il b. Nasira b. 

c ' Uthman a girl callcd Zaynab 






igirlwl 



1T1111 



Wlii', 11 clicnt of 'Abdullah h, 'Umar from 'Abdullah b, 'Umar, told me: 

take herwhen I returned. When I had hnished I came out of the mosque 

that the apostle had returned their wives and children to them, so I told 
thcm that their woman was with B. Jumah and they could go and take her, 
and they did so. 'Uyayna b. Hisn took an old woman of HawSzin and said 
as he took her, T see that she Is a person of standing in the tribe and her 
ransom may well be high.' W'hen the apostle returned the captives at a 
price of six camels each he remsed to give her back. Zuhayr Abii Surad 



let h< 






■r the s 



as cold ai 
ould not cai 



hcr r 
" '> he com P 






allege that when 'Uyayna m 

The apostle asked the Hawazin deputation about MSlik b. 'Auf and 
they said that hc was in ul-TaY 11 ih ThmiTt. Tlu; upostle told them to tell 
MSJik that if he caroe to him as a Muslim hc would return his family and 
property to him and givc him a hundred camels. On heariiiK this Al.ilik 
came out from al-Ta'if . He had been afraid that Thaqlf would gct to know 
what the apostle had said and imprison him, so he ordered tbai bi* .ani.I 
should be got ready for him and that a horse should be brought to him in 
al-Ta'if. He came out by night, mounted his horsc, and rode hard until he 
got to the place where his camel was tethered, and rode off to join the 
apostle, overtaking him in al-Ji'rana or Mecca. He gave him back his 



The Life qf Mukammad 
I have never seen or heard of a man 
I.ite- Muhammad in the whole world; 
Faithful to his word and generous when ask 
And when you wish he will tell you of the f 

words that strike, 



Ii, t 



! dust of war he 
rdingits 






The apostle put him in command of those of his people who had 
accepted Islam, and those tribes (T. round al-Ta'if) were Thumala, 
Salima, and Fahm. He began to fight Thaqlf wiih them: none of their 
fiocks could comc were in sore straits 

Abii Mihjan b. Habib b. 'Amr b. 'Umayr al-Thaqaf i said : 

Enemies have always dreaded our neighbourhood. 

Malik brought them on us 

Breaking his covenant and solemn word. 

They attacked us in our settiements 

And we have always been men who take revenge. 
<J When the apostle had returned the captives of Hunayn to their people 
he rode away and the men followed him, saying, 'O apostle, dh-ide our 
spoil of camels and herds among I hitn back against a 

tree and his mantle was torn from him and he cried, 'Give me hack my 
mantle, men, for by God if you had (T. I had) as many sheep as the trees 
of Tihama I would distnbute them among you ; you have not found me 
niggardly or cowardly or false.' Then he went to his camcl and took a hair 
from its hump and I Mea, f have nothing 

but a fifth of your booty even to this hair, and the fifth I will retum to you ; 
so give back the needle and the thread ; for dishonesty will be a shame and a 
name and utter ignominy to a man on the resurrection day.' One of the 
Ansar camc with a ball of camel hair, saying, 'O apostle, I took this hall to 









t!' 'Ifithasco 
!y (8+6). 



.' liear, 



!, 'As for i 



The apostle gave gifts to those whose hearts were to be won over, notobly 
the chiefs of the army, to win them and through them their people. He 
! gave to the lollowing 100 camels: Abii Sufyan b. Harb ; his 6<>n Mu'J\viya ; 
Hl.,,,,1 11, ,, .1 ,, 1 ,| il , -h h Kalada brother of B. ! Abdu'l- 
L)3r (8+7): al-Harith b. Hisham; Suhayl b. 'Amr; Huwaytib b. 'Abdu'I- 
'Uzz5 b. Abu Qays; al-'AIa' b. Js 01 B. Zuhra;'Uyay- 

na b. Hisn b. Hudhayfa b. Badr; al-Aqra' b. HJbia al-Tamimi; Malik b. 
'Auf al-Kasri; and SafwSn b. Umayya. 

He gave less than roo camels to the following men of Quraysh: Makh- 
rama b Naufal al-Zuhrt; 'Uroayr b. Wahb Jal-umahi; Hisharn b. 'Amr 



Ths Life of Muhammad 
brother of B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy and others. He gave 50 to Sa'id b. 
b. 'Ankatha b. 'Amir b. Makhzum and to al-Sahml (8+8) 

He gave 'Abbas b. Mirdas some camels and he was dissatisned wi 
and Wamcd the apostlc in the following vcrses : 
It was spoil that I gained 
When I charged Ort my horse in the plain 
And kept the pcople awake lest they should sleep 
And when they slept kept watch. 
My spoil and that of 'Ubayd my horse 

■ r L"yayna and aI-Aqra*. 
Though I protected my people in the battle, 

But a few small camels 

To the number of their four legs! 



i :'' :-.i,.- ' :-. .' : : 1. ''. :■ 

to the apostle : ' You have given 'Uyayna and al-/ 

i and left out Ju'ayl b. Suraqa al-Damri!' He 

sc hand is the soulof Mi.liammad, ji,'avl is ' ■ 



■thanthewl 






Abii 'Ubayda b. Muhammad 



itrusted Ju'ayl to 

Ammar b. Yasir from Miqsam Abu'l- 81 
if 'Abdullah b. al-Hanth b. Naufal, told me: I went in 
b. Kilab al-Laythrto 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As as he 



id th.it 






ithe 
m called 
d stood by the apostle as he was n 



The Lije of Muhammad 



;■■; th. :i 



^ou look at the head snd there is nothinj 
,d there is nothing on it; then at the nc 



:ie Ansar anorhoi 



Muhammad b. 'All b. al-Husayn, Abu Ja'far, toto me 
and named the man Dhu'1-Khuwaysira. 'Abdullah b. Abu Najih told me 
the same from his father (851). 
3 (T- 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that one of the apr>stle's companions 
who was at Hunayn with him said, ' I was riding my eainel by the aide of the 
apostle, wearing a rough sandal, whcn my camel jostled his and the toe of 

whip, saying, "You hurt ine. Get behind!" so J went behind him. The 
■103 morning the apostle was looking for me and I thoughtit was because 
I had hurt his leg, so I came expecting (punishment) ; but he said, " You 
hurt my leg yesterday and I stu:, whip, Now I have 

:>ui].iT]uTR:d vou to corupcnsate you for it," and he gave me eighty she- 
camcls for the one blow he struckme." 

,5 'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada from Mahmud b. Labid frnm Abu Sa'id al- 
Khudri told me: When the apostle had distributed these gifts among 
■ :i:ilig, this trihe of 
Ansar took the matter to heart and talked a great deal about it, until one 
ofthemsaid,'ByGod, the apostiehasmet his own peoplc' Sa'd h. '['bri.ia 
went to the aposiic happened. He asked, 'Wherc do 

you standin this matter, Sa'd?' He said, '1 stand v.ith iiiy pcnplc' 'Thcn 
garlu-r y.iiir pcople in this enclosure,' he said. He did so, and when some 

;f, uf ihc.Muhriiirs came, he let them come, while others he sent back. When 
he had got them altogether he went and told the apostle, and he came to 
them, and after praising and thanking God he addressed them thus : 'O 
incii ol Ansar, what is this I hcar of you ? Do you think ill of me in your 
hearts ? Did I not come tn you whcn you were erring and God guided 
you ; poor and God made you rich ; enemies and God softened your hearts !' 
They answered; 'Yes indeed, God aod His apostle a 



: 'Uhy dc 



tyou 



•• They 



said, 'How shall we answer you ? Kindness and generosity belong to 
and His apostle.' I:e suid, 'Ilad ym 10 :,i:hvd >ou could have said — and 
you would have spoken the truth and have been believed — You came to us 
discredited and wc bjjiiw.jii vo.i, di-^iruii and \ve hi-Iped yoi:; a fu^:live 
and we took you in; poor and we comforted you. Are you disturbed in 
mind because of the good things of this Iife hy which I win over a penple 

that they may btconir MuaUma wbile I 1 :i;-i v;-,: to your Islam? Are 

you not satisned that men should take away Aocks and herds while you take 



The people wcpt until the tean 
satisited with the apostle of G 
went off and they dispersed. 



; apostle left a!-Ji'ri 



:he lesser pilgrimage, He gave 
be kept back in Majanna near 
MMru'l-Zah'r'an.' Having compl. itumed to Medina. 

He left 'Attab b. Asld in charge of Mecca Hc also lefi behind with him 
Mu'adh b. Jabal to instruct the people in religion and to teach them the B87 
Quran. He himself was tollowcd by the rest of the spoil (853). 

The apostk's | ( >' Ja ' md he amVed '" Me 

towards the end of that month or in Dhu'1-rjijja (853). 

The people made the pilgrimage that year in the way the (pagan) Arabs 
used to do. 'Attah madc the pugl «* '1™ f™. AH - *■ 

The people of al- 1 pol y thelsm and obstinacy in their 

dty from the time'the apostle left in Dhu'l-Qa'da of the year 8 until Rama- 
dSn of the Mlowing year. 



'hen the apostle arrived (at Medina) after his departure trom al-T5'if 
ujayr b. Zuhayr b. Abu Sulma wrote to his brother Ka'b t. ': 

:e had killed some of the men in Meeca who had satirtzed and 
im and that the Quraysh pocts who were left— Ibn al-Ziba'r 



thr 

Hubayra h. Abii Wahb -had ncd 111 a.. mnu~» - 1 j 

your life then come quickly to the apostlc, for he does not kili anyo 

place.' Ka'bhadsaid: 

Give Bujayr a message from me: 

■ 
Tellusplainlyifyoudon'tact. 



nyuse 



;annot nnd that your f: 






The Life oj Muhammad 
If you don't accept what I say I shall n( 
vou3tumb.eGodhelpyou! 



Bujayr said to Ka'b 
Who wUl tell Ka' 
Is the better com 
Td God alone no 



a second draught of the same (854] 

that that for which you wrongly bla 

d-'Uzza and al-Lat 

i be safe while escape is possible, 



Except a Muslim pure of heart. 
Zuhayr's religion is a thing of naught 
And the religion of Abii Sulma is forbidden to me. 
Ka'b used the title al-Ma'mun (855) simply for the reason that Quraysh 
When Ka'b received the missive he was deeply distressed and anjdou» 



lich he praised the apostle and mentioned his fear 
irts of his enemies. Then he set out f6r MedL 
whum he 






ew, according to my informa- 
ic wutjii ac was praying morning prayers, 
an pointed out the apostle to him and told 
him to go and ask ior his life. He got up and went and sat by the apostk 
and piaced his hand m his, the apostle not knowing who he was. He said, 
'O apostle, Ka'b b. Zuhayr has come to ask security from you as a repentant 
Muslim. Would you accept him as such if he came to you?' When the 
apostle said that he would, he confessed that he was Ka'b b. Zuhayr. 

'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada told me that one of the Ansar leapt upon him 
asking to be allowed to behead the enemy of God, but the apostle told him 
to let him alone because he had king away from his 

past. Ka'b was angry at th' 



and he prayed wi 



[n his ode which he re< 
Su'ad is gone, and 









ne forth on the moi 



of departure, was I 
» gazelle with bright black downcast eyes. 

::rowofsid 

WLne mixed with pure cold water from a pebbly 
north-wind blows, in a bend of the valley, 



Tkt Life of Mukammad 
e-mamed torrents fed by show 



re mingled paining and lying and 890 



es not hold to her plighted w( 
hold water. 
The promises of 'Urqiib were a parable oi 



Let not the wishes 



methinks, are they ready. 



her, and his promises were 

ready to keep their word ; 

te promises she made beguile 



she-camel whieh, though 

'atigued, loses not her wonted speed and pace; 
One that largely bedews the bone behind her ear when she sweats, one 

that sets herself to cross a trackless unknown wilderness ; 
Scanning the high grounds with eyes keen »s those of a solitary white 

oryx, when stony levels and sand-hills are kindled (by the sun) ; 
Big in the neck, Aeshy in the hock, surpassing Ln her make the other 

daughters of the sire; 
Thick-necked, full-cheeked, robust, 1 

front (tall) as a milestone ; 
Whose tortoise-shell skin is not pierced at last even by a lean (hungry) 

tick on the outside of her hack ; 
A hardy beast whose brother is her sire by a noble dam, anJ her sire's 
a long-necked or 



e, her iianks w 



\::, ■:. 




;r : then her smooth breast aj 
.L shihKv v.ilh tirm nesh, h 






Her nose aquiline; in her generous ears arc signs oi hrei-iiiri:; phsin 

the expert to see, and in her cheeks smoothness. 
Her muzi!e juts out from her eyes and throat, as though it we: 

She lets a tail hke a lcalicss palni-bi nncb u ith small tufts of hair ll 

do not take away (milk) little by little. ! 



X) The Life. o{ 

Though she be not trying, she races along oi ti^li" sk: 
skim the ground as they fall, 

hock-tendons — feet that lcavc thc gravcl sca 
not shod so that they should he kept safe from the bl 



The s 



enfolds the hills— 



■f_relegs,w 
jnbasksins 






On a day whs 

And, the grey cicalas baving begun to hop on the gravel, 

driver bids hia companions take the siesta — 
Resembles the beating of hand on hand by a bereaved ; 

One wailing shrilly, her 



Is, while he 









saying, 'Yerily, O grandsor 



from her collar-bo: 
Mik unbot 

of Abu Sulma, thou art as good as slain , 
And every friend of whom I was hopeful said, 'I will not he!p thee c 

I am too busy to mind thee.' 
I said, 'Let me go my way, may ye have no father! for whatever 

Every son of woman, long though his safety be, one day is borne uj 

a gibbous bier.' 
Iwastoldthatthe 11. 

with the Messenger of Allab. I have hope of tinding pardon. 

Gently! mayst thau be guided by Him who gave thee the gift of 

Koran, wherein are warnings and a plain setting-out (of the matt 

Do not punish me, when I have not sinned, on account of what is . 

by the informers, even should the (false) sayings about me be ma 

I stand in such a place that if an elephant stood there, see 

hat I see) and hearing what I hear, 

sides of his neck would be shaken with terror- — if there be 
rgiveness from the Messenger af Allah. 
i not cease to cross the desert, plunging beti 
_en the mantle of Night is fallen, 
I laid my right hand, not to withdraw it 



■kness 



Than a lion of the jungle, one wl 



in the hand of the 
dense thickets in the 



The Li/e of Muhammad 



rolled in the dust and torn to pieces ; 
Wti.n h. springs on his adversary, 'tis ag 

leave the adversary ere he is broken ; 
From him the asses of thc broad dale flee 



inst his law that he should 
n affright, and men do not 
lis armour and hardworn 



Albeit ever in his wadi is a trusty fere, hii 

rnini.nl snusirs-il witti blorjd— ready to be 
Truly the Messenger is a light whence illumin 

Indian sword, one of the swords of Allah, 
Amongst a hand of Kuraish, whose spokesman said when they 

fesscd Islam in the valley of Mecca, 'Depart ye!' 
They departed, but no weaklings were they or shieldless in battl 

without weapons and courage; 
They march like splendid camels and defend themselves with b 

when the short black men take to ffight;' 
Warriors with noses high and straight, clad for the fray m mad-t 

Bright, ample, with picrced rings 



,„/V 






ir _ P t to 



._ ... iselves overtaken. 

e spear-thrust fal!s not but on thcir throats: for them there is no 

ihrinking from the ponds of death (856)." 

1 b. 'Umar b. Qatada said : When Ka'b said, ' When the short blaek 

■p. tn fli-.hr." he meant us, the Ansar, because of the way one of us 
ut the Muhajirin among the ap09tle's com- 
;d the Ansar's anger against him. After he 
! in pralse of the Ansar and mentioned their 
r position among the Yaman tribes: 



,. Hesingledo. 



trials with the apo 

He who. loves a glorious life 

Let him ever be with the horsemen of the right 

Who transmit glorious deeds from father to son 

The hest men are they, sons of the best mcn 

Who launch with their arms spears 

Like long Indian awords, 






Who] 
With eyes K 



as burning coals. 



>2 The Life of Muhammad 

Who devote their lives to their prophet 

They purify themselves with the blood of unrjdels ; 

They consider that an act of piety. 

Their habit is that of thick-necked lions 

Accustomed to hunt in a raUe 

If you come to them for protection 

They smote 'Ali' such a blow on the day of Badr 

As brought the downfall of all Ni_Jr. 

If people knew all that I kriDw about them 

Those that dispute with me would recognize the truth of w] 

They are a people who richly feed the night-traveliers, 

Who arrive in a time of dearth (857). 



The apostle stayed in Medina ftom Dhu'1-Hijja to 

orders to prepare to raid thc Byzantines. The follt 

on what _1-Zuhri and Yazid b. Rumln and 'Abdn 

804 'Asim h. 'Umar b. Qat5da and other authorities tc 






T. 1692 a drought ; frui 



p: •-.»,, 



Uicheatwa 
1 (T. and shade was eagerly sought) and the ta 
waiueu ra stay m tne snade with their fruit and disliked trayeiling at th 
season. Kow the apostle nearly always referred allusively to the destinatii 
of a raid and announced that he was making for a place other than th 
which he actually intended. This was the sole ejcception, for he sa 
plainly that he was making for the Byzantines because the journey w 
long, the season diHkult, and the enemy in great strength, so that the iro 




The Life 0/ Muhm 






m that 



leave (to stay behind) and do not tempt me. Surely they have fallen into 
temptation already and hell encompasses the unbelievers," i.e. it was not 
that he feared temptation from the Byiantine women : the temptation he 
had fallen 'into was greater in that he hung back from the apostle and 
lought to please himself rather than the apostle. God said, 'Verily hell is 

gO-arthinthehe 

reating misgivings about the 
: An_ ihc> said, Go not forth 
iid they but understand. Let 



behind 
Thedisari 



thci 



sent down concerning 

the heat. Say: The nre of hell is ht 

" lugh a little and let them weep m 



idordered 895 



The 









The apostle went forward energetically with his pr 
e men to get ready with all speed. He urged the n 
ovidin_ money and mounts for God's work (T. 
provided maunts and stored ur, 
Uthmin b. 'Aff_n spent a larger sum than any had ever done (859). 

1 v 11 s, w 1 Muslims known as The Wcepers, Ansar, and others from 
3. 'Amr b. 'Auf eame to the apostle and asked him to provide them with 

Ulbab Za\d br th I _ . Tmanbkab 856 

.rather uf ... M3zin b. al-Najjlr- 'Amr h. Humam b. al-Jamiih, brotherof 
3. Salima; 'Abdullah b. al-Mughamll al MuzanT (or b. 'Amr); Haramiy b. 
Abdullah, brother of B. Waqif; and Trbad b. Sariya al-Fazari. He said 
] mount to give them and they turned back, their eyes Howing 
grief that they had not the wherewithal to meet the expense 



ofther___. 

I have heard that Ibn Yamin b. 'Umayr b. Ka'b al-Nitdri mcl Abn 
Layla and 'Abdullah b. Mughaffal as they were 
asked what they wcre crying for the 

nothing. Thereupon he gave them 



iat they had applied to the 

ne to give them and they had 

ring camel, and th 1 1 1 I 

and he provided them witn some uates and so they went off with the 

Some Bedouin came to apologize for not going, hut God would not 
aecept their ciicusc. 1 hitve bcii tnld thnr thcy were from B. Ghifar. 
(T. One of them was Khufaf b. Ima' b. Rahda.) 

When the apostle's road was clear he determined m set off. Now there 

that thcy lagged behind without any doubt or misgivings. They were 
Ka'b b. Malik b. Abu Ka'b, brother of B. Salima; MurSra b. al-Rabi', 
brother 0- B. 'Amr b. 'Auf; Hilal b. Umayya, brother of B. Waqif; Abu 



6o 4 The Life o/ .1 lllhammad 

Khaytharoa, brother of B. Salim b. "Auf ; they were loyal men whose Islam 

When the apostle had set out hc pitched his camp by Thanlyatu'1- 
Wada' {860)." 

'Abdullahb. 1'b.n i ! -i''l' 'i ' . I his eamp sepamdy hclow him 

7 in the direction of Dhubab (T. a mountain in al-JabbSna below Thanlyat- 

u'1-Wada'.) It is alleged that it was not the smaller camp. When the 

apostle went on, 'Ahdullah b. Ubayy separated from him and stayed 

behind with the hypocrites and doubters. (T. 'Abdullah W In.ir f 

B. 'Auf b. al-Khazraj, and 'Abdullah b. Nabtal was brother of B. 'Amr b. 
'Auf; and Rifa'ab. Zayd b. al-Tabat was brother of B. Qaynuc|ii'. Tjicsc 

its people. Concerning them God sent dowti: 'They sought rebellion 
aforetime and upset things for you.') J 

The apostle left 'Ali behind to look after his family, and ordered him to 
stay with them. The hypocrites spoke evil of him, saying that he had been 
left behind because he was a burden to the apostle and he wanted to get rid 
of him. On hearing this 'Ali seized his weapons and caught up with the 
apostle when hc waa repMttu to lum what thc hjpo- 

crites were saying. He replied: 'Thcy lie. I left you behmd because of 
what I had left behind, so go back and represent me in my tamily and 
yours. Are you not content, *Ali, to stand to me as Aaron stood to Moses, 
except that there will be no prophet after me?' So 'AH retumed to Medina 
and the apostle went on his way. Muhammad b. Talba b. Yazid b. Rukana 
from Ibrahim b. Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas from his father Sa'd told me that he 
heard the apostle saying these words to "Ali. 

Then 'Ali returned to Medina and the apostle went his way. Abij Khay- 
thama (T. brother of B. Salim) retutned to his family on a hot day some 
days atter the apostle had set out. He found two ww» of hia in huu m his 
garden. Each had sprinkled her hut and cooled it with water and got ready 
(bod for hun, Whcn he arrived he stood at the door of the hut and looked 
at his wivts and what thev had done for him and said: 'The apostle is out 
' ■ vind and the heat and Abu Khaythama '- : - 



shadc, : 



;i iair 



_, God, I wiU not enter cither of yo 
«postle; MJ get reaiiy some food for me.' They did so and he went to his 
camel and saddlcd it and went out in search of the apostleuntii iic n-.ci-triok 
,8 him in Tabuk. 'Umayr b. Wahh al-Jumahi had overtaken Abu Khaytbama 
du thc road as he came to nnd the apostle, and they joined forces. When 
they approached Tabiik Abu Mi il tu i t 1 niayr T have done 
wrong. You can stay behind me if you likc until I come to the apostle,' and 
he did so. When he approached the apostle as he was stopp 
the army callcd attention to a man riding on the way and the apostle said it 
would hc Alni Khaythama, and so it was. Having dismounted he came 



The Life of Muhammad 605 

te apostle, who said, 'Woe to you, Abu Khaythamal' Then 






stopped, and th 

Mtle said, 'Do no 

ls. If you have used any of i 



alone hut take a companion,' The 1 
them of B. Sa'ida: one went out to 
a camel of his. The iirst was half 1 

The apostle 



told of this and reminded the 
alone. Then he prayed for tl 

Medina by a man of Tayyi\ This story cc 



asb. Sahlb. Sa'dal-Si 



I6z). 






o he prayed, and God se 
h d and carried av, 
'Asirn b. 'Umar b. Qatadah frt 



it conndentially, so he refu 



. 



a cloud, and so much rain fell that 

all the water they needed. 

rn Mahmud b. Labid from men of B. 

that he said to Malimild, 'Do the men know the 

hypocrites among them ?' He replied that a man would know that hypo- 

1 n his brother, his father, his unclc, and his family, yet they 

would cover up cach Other. Thes Mahmud said: Some of my tribesmen 

the apostlc went a it I 1 1 h mjt ucd and the apostle 

prayed as he did and God sent a cloud which brought a heavy ram thcy 
said, 'Wt went to him saying "Woe to you! Have you anything more to 
s.iy Liitcr thrs ■" He said, "It is a passing cloud!'" 

During the course of the journey the apostle's camel strayed and his 
compa u 1 intin (ji li . t 1 I 1 1 11 i" ith hiin a man called 91 
L miira 1». Uar.m who had been at al-'Aqaba and Badr, uncle of B. 'Amr b. 
Hazm. He had in his company Zayd al-Lusayt al-Qaynuqi'I who was a 
hypocntc (S63). Zayd said while he was in 'Umara's camp and 'Umara 
was with the apostle, 'Does Muhammad allege that he is a prophet and can 
tell vou news from heaven when he daesn't know wherc hts ciunel is? 1 
man has said: Now 
_es that he tells you of 
re his camel is. By God, I know 



and bring it to 



The Lifs of Muhammad 

nl God has shown m< 






Tht Life of Muhammad 



i: 'By God, the apostle has jiist toid us a wonderful thing 
about something someone has said which God has told him of.' Then he 
repeated the wtjnls. Qnc ol bifl compony who had not heen present with 
the apostle exclaimed, 'Why, Zayd said this before you came. 'Umara 

i I lf i i 

vants of God! I had a misfortune in my company and knew nothing of it. 
Get aut, you enemy of God, and do not associate with me.' Some people 
allege that Zayd subsequently repented ; others say that he was suspected 
of evil until the day af his death. 
Then the apostle continued his journey and men began to drop behind. 



'Lethh 

Cod !:. 






d you of him.' Finally it was reported that A 
3i dropped behind and his camel had delayed him. The apostle said the same 
words. Abu Dharr waited on his camel and when it walked slowly with 
him he took his gear and loaded it on his back and went off walking in the 
track of the apostle. The apostle stopped at one of his halting-places when 
a man called his attention to someone walking on the way alone. The 
apostle said that he hoped it was Abu Dharr, and when the people had 
kokcd ci.rel"dlv llit:v saiii iliat it washe. Theapostlesaid, 'Godhayemercy 
on Abu Dharr. He walks alone and he will die alone and be rsUc.1 alone.' 
Eurayda b. Sufyan al-Aslaml from Muhammad b. Ka'b al-Qiir;i7l Irorn 
'Ali.lullai: I: M::s'u.l toid me that when 'Uthman ejdled Abu Dharr to al- 
Rabadha 1 and his appointed time came there was none with lnm but liis 
wife and his slavc. He lnstructed them to wash him and wind him in his 
shroud and lay him on the surface ol the road and to tel! the first caravan 
that passed who he was and ask them to help in burying him. When he 

from Iraq t>n pil^ri: hey saw the bieron the top ofthe 

road: the carnels had almost trodden on it. The slave got up and said, 

(::h b. -M:i:,':ni brokc DUt OltC loUcJ :' I i'i::::i. ^:.ij'.v, 'TljW ap06tk WBa ri^hl. 
Vou walkcil alont:, a.„; yi.u dieil aloiic. a.ui yuii .vill bc raised aW.' Then 

and what the apostle had said on the road to Tabiik. 

A band of hypocrites, among them Wadi'a b. Thabit, brother of B. 
•Amr b. ' Auf, and a man of Ashja' an aily of B. Salima called Mukhashshin 

b. Humayyir (8641 9 1 : u g ith) ihc .ipnstle as he was 

.2 journeying 10 Tabiik sa\ inu one to another, 'Do you think that nghting the 
Byzantines is like a war between Arabs? By God we {T. I) seem to see 
you bound with ropes tomorrow' so as to cause alarm and dismay to the 



The apostle — so I hai 
for they had uttered lies, 



. 



I 'Ammar b. Yasir to join the men, 
what they had said. lf they retused 
them that they said so-and-so. "Ammar did as he was 
ordered and they came to the apostle making excuses. Wadi'a said as the 
apostle had halted on his camel, and as he spoke he laid hold of its girth, 
'We were merely chatting and joking, apostle.' Then God sent down, 
'If you ask them they will say, We were merely chatting and joking." 
Mukhashshin b. Humayyir said, 'O apostle, my name and my father's name 
disgrace me." The man who was pardoned in this verse was Mukhash- 
shin and he was named 'Abdul-Kjhmm, llc askcd Goii to kill him as a 
martyr with none to know tjie place of his death. He was killed on the 
day of al-Yamama and no trace of him was fovmd. 

When the apostle reached Tabuk Yuhanna b. Ru'ba governor of Ayla 
came and made a treaty with him and paid him the poll tax. The people of 
Jarba' and Adhruh also came and paid the poll tax. The apostle wrote for 
them a document which they still have. He wrote to Yuhanna b. Ru'ba 
thus: 'In the name of God the Compassionate and Merciful. This is a 
guarantee from God and Muhammad the prophet, the apostle of God, to 
Yuhanna b, Ru'ba and the people of Ayla, for their ships and tbeir caravans 
by land and sea. They and all that are with them, men of Syria, atl 

Muhammad tlie prophet. Should any one 

fair priie of him who takes it. It is not pei 

e apostle summoned Khalid b. al-\ 









to Ukaydir 



at Diima. Ukaydir b. 'Abdu'1-Malik was a man of Kinda who 
Duma;hewas a Chnstian. Theapostle told Khalid that he wnulii tin.i iiii: 
huntingwildcows li I n faat Btmi 1 lnn sight of his fort. 
Il was ■ suiinncr nighl «ith J brighi iiinon and 1,'kayiiir was on the roof 
with his wife. TIr- 

fort all the night. His wife asked him if he had ever known anything of the 
kind in the past, and urged him to go after them. He called for his horse, 

thern 11 lirothcr called Hassan. As they were riding tbe apostle's cavalry fell 
in with them and seized him and killed his brother. Ukaydir was wearing 

: , . Klialid 



'As.rn 






'Uma 



beforehebroughthi 



6o8 The Life of Muhammad 

and admiring it, and the apostle said, 'Do you admite thiw ? By Him in 

whose hand is my life the napkins of Sa'd b, Mu '3dh in Paradise are bettei 

Then Khalid brought Ukaydir to the apostle who spared his life and 
rnade peace with him on condition that he paid the pell tax. Tlten ht 
released hlm and he returned to his town. A m:,n n.i' T.:y> ; ' t jIIl :.l Biijayi 
b. Bujara remembering the words of the apostle to Khalid, ' You will tind 
hin: huiiring wild cows,' said that what thc cows did that night in bringing 
him out of his fort was to connrm what the apostle had said : 



;ssed is He w! 



asidi Jr.nn ynnder Tabiik, (let ti 
■ ■ to fight. 



The apostle stayed in Tabuk some ten nights, nDt more. 
returned to Medina. 

or three riders. It was in a wadi called al-Mushaqqaq. The apos 
anyone who should get there before him not to take water from 
came. A number of the disarTected got there hrst and drew wai 



called down God's 


vengeance on them. Then he alighted 


;i:.:i ,.] 1, , I 1 , 










as God willed. 












praye 




sdhimtopray. T 


'hen water burst for 






its:iu].vith:, 


soundlikethundet 


. The men drank an 


■.::,: 




fromit,andtb 






uwholive,will 


hear of this wadi th; 




:han its neighbours.' 




Mt 


■hammad b. Ibrahim b. al-Harith 


al-Taymi told me that 'Abdullah b. 


Mas't 












lostle in the ra 




I ' aligl .nl. 




:iftcri 


ttolookatita 


nd lo it was the apostle with Abu Bakr a 




'AbJi 


ilUh Dhu'1-Bi 


uidavn had ju*t dic. 


i and they had dug a 




The : 




the grave and AbC 


i Bakr and 'Umar w 








vas saying, 'Bring ; 
















e Thou pleased wi 




>. Mas'iid used 




, 'Would that 


I had been the mat 


,inthegravc'(86 S ). 




Ibr 


..1 , ! i ', 


ihri rcported from 


Ihn Lkayma al-Laythi from Ibn 



; 



v: Whcn I n:ji ihc r.iid on Tabiik v.ith the apostle I 



The Life i 



when my 



apostle God cast a heavy sleep on us and T began to 
camel had come near the apostle's camel. I was afraid that lt lt came too 
near his foot would be hurt in the stirrup. 1 began to move my camel away 
from him until sleep ovcrcame me on the way. Then during the night my 
camel jostled against his while his foot w.as in the stirrup and I was wakened 
by hia yoice saying, 'Look out.' I asked his pardon and he toid me to carry 
on. The apostle began to ask me about those who had dropped out from 
B. Ghirar and I told him. He asked me about the people with long 
straggling red beards and I told him that they had dropped out. Then he 
asked about the men with short curly hair and I confessed rhat 1 did nat 
know that they were of us. 'But yes,' he said, 'they are those who own 9 
camela in Shabakatu Shadakh.' Then I remembered that they were 
among B. Ghifar, but I did not remember them nntil I recallcd that they 
were a clan of Aslam who were allies of ours. When I told him this he said, 
'What prevented one of these when he fell aut from mounting a zealous 
man in the way of God on one of his camels ? The most painml thing to 
me is that muhajirun from Quraysh and the Ansir and Ghifar and Aslam 



The apostle went on until he stopped in Dhii AwSn a town an hoi 
light joumey from Medina. The owners of the masque of Dpposi 
come to the apostle as he was preparing for Tabuk, saying, 'We h 
a mosque for the sick and needy and for nights of bad weather, 
should like you to come to us and pray for us there.' He said tha 
on the point of travelling, and was preoccupied, or words to th; 
and that when he came back if God willcd he would come to tl 









When he stopped in Dhu Awin news of the mosque came to him, and he 
aummoned Mllik b. al-Dukhshum, brother of B. Silim b. 'Auf, and Ma'n 
b. 'Adiy (or his brather 'Asim) brother of B. al- 'Ajlan, and told them to go 

quickly to B. Salim b. 'Auf who were Ma)ik's clan, and Malik said to Ma'n, 
'Wait for me until I can bring fire from my people.' So he went in and 

mosque where its people were and burned and destroyed It and the people 
ran away from it. A portion of the Quran came down conceming them: 
'Those who chose a mosque in apposition and unbelief and to cause divi- 
sion among bebevers' to the end of the passage. ' 

The twehe mcn who built it were: Khidham b. Khalid of B. 'Ubayd b. * 
Zayd, one of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf; hia house opened on to the schismatic 
mosque; ThaTabab. Hatib of B. Umayya b. Zayd ; Mu'attib b. Qushayr; 
Abii Habiba b. al-Az'ar, both of B. Dubay'a b. Zayd; 'Ahbld b. H"nayf, 



Sto The Life of Muhat 

brother 01 Sahl 01 B. 'Ar b. 'Auf ; TSrmry; 
Mujammi' and Zayd; Nabtal 

Abii Lubaba b. 'A.bdu'1-Mui 



b. Thsbit i. 



Bahzaj ; and Bijad b. 'Uthman, 



The a 



>itk's i 



id Medina 



c-11 know 



Zirab; al-Akhdi 



. They are the mosques in Tabiik; Thaniyatu Midra,, ; .'Jhruul-- 
"ii3tu'l-KhirmI; Alii'; beside al-Iiatra' at the end of 
Shit],], S]iiqq Trira ; l')h,i']-]Ifa; Saai Hauda ; al-Hijr ; al-Sa'id ; 
own today as Wadi'l-Qura; al-Ruq'a of Shiqqa, the Shiqqa of 
Dhti'1-Marwa; Fayfa'; and Dhu Khuahub. 



he apostle came to Medina he found that ;■ 

,cd behind. Amor.v Liiclil ..ltc tlirte -Mnniiiii^ ..::;; hatl not iield 
rough doubt or disarTection, namely Ka'b b. Malik, Murara b. al- 
nd Hilal b. Umayya. The apostle told his companions not to speak 
; three. The disalTecteil who had stayed behind came and made 

i their excuse. The Muslims withdrew from these three and would 
ik to them (T. until God sent down His word concerning them). ! 
immad b. Muslim b, Shthab al-Zuhri from 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. 
ah b. Ka"b b. Malik said that his father, whom he used to lead 

le held back from the apostle in his raid on Tabuk, and thc story of 

never held back from any raid the apostle had undertaken except 
Ic of Badr, antl that was an engagement which nonc was blamed 
y God or His apostle for missing bccause the apostle had gone out 
find the Quraysh carayan when God brought him atld his enemies 









; ;f th 



us. The fact »» iliut ,vh.„ ; Kiaye.1 l.iel.ind in the raid on Tabuk I 

■ . '::::!:::•.: ;k .iilend a raid hut he pretendt,: 
.L-i ::1: ,,:titc cxcept on this occasion. He raided it in violent heat and 
alongjounicy and :. iitn. erliil cnciuy jild told iucn ,vlmi thcy l.ad i.i 



k.(Hen 



l..i.:,li..vc: 



airol them in a written register). The few whow 



. . i I ' , . 

h them and come back not having done what v 
self, 'I can do that when I want to,' and I cc 



apostlc had gone while I had m 

gct iv:id. a tlay or two Iater and 

nf ^i.ini: :iiiil inertaking and I w 
until he reached Tabuk when r. 



lorning they and the o 
»n. 1 thought that I could 
Day after day passed and 
-- hought 



sobutldi 



I. Af!,:r 






■A ot disaltection or a man whom God had 

■ ■ v:.a -,i::i,ii among the men, 
nc of the B. Salima said that my finc clothes 
e kept me at home. Muadh b. Jabal said that 
and that they kncv. ii.cii iiiiiit i.n: .rt.Gtl ::: mc. 



Whcn 1 heard that the apostle was on his way back t'r..,r 
m i i i i i i ,1 I ot a lie I could tell to escape fi 

hi- angiT antl jjci somc tif my ptt.pic lo suppon mc in lt ; but whcn I h( 
it i i n ii I i i I 1 that I could t 

scape by tellmg the truth, so I determined to do so. In the morning 
postle entered Medina and went into the mosque and after performing 
zk'as he sat down to await the men. Those who had stayed behind c; 



et thoughts to God. Last 



anger by an oreuse, for I a 


c a.i.il, m 


argument. B 


t 1 kn 










againstme;andyetifltel 










willreward 




■c.id 








The apostle said, 'So far as that goes 






until God decides about y 


u.' So I got up and som 


t.f B 


annoyance and rollowed m 


, saying, '1 








ise yourself to the apostle as the others 

have sulTiced if the apostle had asked 

They kept at me until I wantcd to go back to the 

to myself. Then I asked them if any others were in 



612 The Life of Muhammad 

the same caw and they said that there were two men wha had said what I 
had said, and they got the same answer. They were Murira b. al-Rabi' 
al-'Amri of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf, and Hilal b. Abu Umayya al-WSqifi, two 
honest men of exemplary characten. When they mentioned them I was 
ailent. The apostle forbade anyone to speak to ua three out of those who 
had stayed behind, so men avoided us and showed an alrered demeanour, 
until I hated myself and the whole world as never beft>re. We endured this 
for fifty nights. Aa for my two companions in misfortune they were humi- 
liated and stayed in their houses, but I was younger and hardier, so I used 
to go out and attend prayers with the Muslims, and go round the markets 
while no one spoke to me ; and I would go to the apostle and sahite him 
while he sat after prayeis, aaking myself if his lips had moved in rerurning 
the salutation or not; then I wouid pray near him and steal a !ook at him. 
When I performed my prayer he looked at me, and when I turned towarda 
bim he tumed away from me. When I had endured much from the harah- 
ness of the Muslims I walked off and climbed over the wall Df Abu Qatada's 
u orchard. He was my cousin and the dearest of men to me. I saluted him 
and by God he did not retum my saldm so I said, '0 Abu Qat3da, I adjure 
you by God, do you not know that I love God and His apostle >' ; but he 



and he said, 'God and His apostle know best. 
tears and I jumped up and climbed over the wau. 

In the moming I walked in the market and there was oni 
traders from Syria who came to sell food in Medina asking 
he asked for me the people pointed me out to him, and he 
m the king of Ghassan which he had writtei 



badly. Godha 



that my eyes swam with 
oftheNabaa 



:h read as rollows 



I took the letter to 
Thus we went on until forty 

I should separate myself from n 

approach her. My two compani 
to rejoin her family until such 
matter. The wife of Hilal came 
oldm 



in a house of humiliation and loas, so come to 
u.' When I read it I thought that this too was 

fifty nights had passed and then the 
me ana rold me that the apostle ordered that 
a my wife, I asked whether thia meant that I 

anions received similar orders. I told my wife 
;h time as God should give a decision in the 
me to the apostle and told him that he was an 
rant, was there any objection to her setring 
provided that he did not approach her. She 



him ? He said there was 

weeping was so prolonged that she feared that he would lose his sight. 

One of my family suggested that I should ask for similar permission from 

the apostle, but I declined to do so because I did not know what he would 

u say in reply since I was a young man. Ten more nights passed until fifty 



The Life of Muhammad 613 

nights since the apostle had rorbidden men to speak to us were complete. 

of the fiftieth night in the way that God had prescribed. The world, 
spacious as it is, closed in on us and my soul was deep distressed. 1 I had 
aet up a tent on the top of a crag and I used to stay there when suddenly I 
heard the voice of a crier coming over the top of the crag shouting at the 
' :e ' Good news, Ka'b b. Malik I" I fell down prostrate, knowing 






at last. 



The apostle announced God's forgiveness when he prayed the dawn 
prayer and men went off to tell us the good news, They went to my two 
fellows with the news and a man galloped off to me on a horse, and a ranner 
from Aslam ran until he came over the mountain, and the voice waa quicker 
ard shouting the good news 
him as a reward for good 
tidings, and by God at the time I had no others and had to borrow more 
and put them on. Then I set off towards the apostle and men met me and 
told mc the good news and congratulated me on God'a havulg forgiven me. 
I went into thc mosque and there was the apostle surrounded by men. 
Talha b. 'Ubaydullah got up and greeted me and congratulated me, but no 
jir did so. (Ka'b never forgot this action of Talha's.) 
When I saluted the apostle he said as his face shone with joy, 'This is 

God ?' Trom God, of course,' he said. When he told good news his face 
uaed to be like the moon, and we used to recognke it. When I sat belbre 
him I told him that as an act of penitence I would give away my property 
aa alms to G D d and His apostle. He told me to keep aome of it for that 91 
would be better for me. I told him that I would keep my share in Khaybar 
baoty, and I said, 'God has saved me through tmthfulness, and part of my 
repentance towaru rt speak anything but tbe truth so 

long as I live ; and by God I do not know any man wham God has taTOtired 1 
in speaking the tmth since I told the apostle that more graciously than He 
favoured me. From the day I told the apastle that to the present day l 
never even purposed a lie, and I hope tbat God will preserve me for the 

God sent dawn: 'God has forgiven the prophet and the emigrants and 
the helpera who foll ir E dimculry after the hearts of a 

party of them had almost swerved; then He forgave them. He is kmd and 
mercitul to them and to the three who were left behind' as far as the words 
'And be with the tmthful.' j 

Ka'b said : 'God never showed me a greater favour after He had guided 
me to Islam than when I told the apostle the tmth that day sd that I did not 
lie and perish like those who lied ; for God said about those wfiD lied to him 
when He sent down the revelation "They wiU swear to you by God when 









isting pla« 



i. Dcti.ri. fn 






_ rear to you that yo 
f you are satisfied with them God is not satisned with an evil petiple,'"' 
We tkre.: wcrc kc|il hiu k Inini thc ailair tif those From whom the apostle 
iccepted an apology when they swore an oath to him and he asked forgive- 
ress for them. And the apostle postponed our affalr until God gave His 
judgement, and about that God said, 'And to the three who were left 



behind 

When God 
back from th 
from those w 



9d tht icun.; /,■/,«■'';-;'.. • ' , .... ■ .,.! BurhoHaij 



t THE ENVOYS OF THAQfF ACCEPT ISLAM, A.H. 9 

The apostle returned from Tabuk in Ramadan and in that month the 

When the apostle came away from them 'Urwa b. Mas'ud al-Thaqafi 
Mlowed him until he caught up with him before he got to Medina, and 
accepted Islam. He asked that he might go back to his people as a Muslim, 
but thc apostle said— 50 his people say— 'They will kill you,' for the 
apostle knew the proud spirit of opposition that was in them. 'Urwa said 
that he was dearer to them than their nrstborn (866). 

He was a man who was loved and obeyed and he went out calling his 
people to Islam an " " 



1. When 



m they shot an 



d invited them to Isl 



i.ppcr 






men from 



1. The E. Milik allege that one of their men killed him ; h: 

— ' b. Malik. The Ahl5f allege that one 
calledWahM:. JSUi - 
.u m urwa, 'Whatdo you think about your death ?' He said, 'It is 
svhich God.has honoured me with and a martyrdom which God ha3 
; to. 1 am like the martyrs who were kilied with the apostle before 
it away frDm you ; so bury me with them,' They did bury him with 
md thcy allege that the apostle said about him, 'Among his people 
kc tl.e h,:n. c.ii' Yil Sin among his people.' ! 

.qlf delayed some months afier the killing of 'Urwa. Then they took 
il among themsehes and decided that they could not fight the Arabs 
und them, who had paid homage and accepted Islam. 
_ub b. 'Utba b. al-Mughira b. al-Akhnas told me that 'Amr b. 
ya, brother Df B. 'Ilaj, m» v.m on spealing terms with 'Abdu YSlIl b. 
.1.11,1 thcio was ba.l fcchng between tht.ni. 'Amr wtis a 11111,1: crafty 
ad he walked to 'Abdu Yalil and entercd his dwelling and sent word 





The Life 


0/ Muhammad 








outtohim. 'Abd. 








::. 1 ::., 1 


•eful ol his lifc sh 








when he saw 1 








,: 'We are 1. 










the Arabs have 




11J >,)>, lark li.c 


pm,er 


1 , rij-li: llicn 






Thaqif took c 






;inc)tl„T,T>oi,'t 








,,;>u t.n„vrc 












man to the apostle as they had s 


cnt 'Urwa. Tli. 


■i ispcik, 


: to 'Abdu 1 


who was a con 


temporary of 'Urwa, and laid the 


pltti, l,c 


fore him, bc 



idthreeiroml!. Malik, sim: 
l'hev scn; u.th 'Abdu Yalil, al-Hakam b. 'Amr b. Wahb b. Mu'attib, 
Bhurahbil b. Ghaylan b. Salimab. Mu'a " 




the apostlc the news and he agree . 

cipcislle cinlc :i!-\I:,l -Ii.i n /,„!),,.: iits companions and brought the cai 
back. He taught them how 1,1 ,1 t ::,.:;■; icere ,,scci ici 

salutauion of pagai.ism. When rhey came to the apostle he pitched a 
for them near his mosque, so they allege. Khalid b. Sa'1,1 li. al-'As ai 
as intermediary hcf.i<xn thcm ant! rlnr npostle intlil thcy gol llicir ,1, 

' : apostle until Khalid ate SDme and umil I 






at thcir , 






allowed to rctain tlirir idul AI-T.iit iintk-siniYc 
aposlle re-jused, and they contmued to ash him f 
refuscd; tlmtlly they askcd for a month aftcr thi 
reiusetl tci agree 10 any set tinie. All that they wt 
to show was to be safe from their tanatics and 






616 Tke Life of Muhanmad 

leaving her, and they did not want to frighten their people by destroying 
hcr until they haii accepted Islam, The apostle retused this, but he sent 
Abu Sufyan b. Harb and al-Mughira b. Shu'ba to destroy her. They had 
also asked that he would excuse them from prayer and that they should not 
have to break their idols with their own hands, The apostle said: 'We 
excuse you from breaking yaur idols with your own hands, but aa for 
prayer there is no good in a religion which has no prayers.' They said that 
they would perform them though it was demeaning. 

When they had accepted Islam and the apostle had given them their 
'7 document he appointed 'Uthman b, Abu'l-'As over them although he was 
the youngest of them, This was hecause he was the most zealous in study- 
ing Islam and learning the Quran. Abil Bakr had told the apostle this. 

*Is5 b. 'Abdullah b. 'Atiya b. Sufyfin b. Rabi'a a!-Thaqafi from one of 
the deputation told me: Bilal used to come to us when we had become 
Muslims and we fasted with the apostle for the rest of Ramadan, and bting 
our supper and our breaklast from the apoatle. He would come to us :n 
the morning twilight and we would say 'We see that the dawn has risen.' 
He would say, ' I Ieft the apostle eating at daybreak, so as to make the dawn 
meal later' ;' and he would bring our evening meal and we would say, ' We 
eee that the sun has not entirely vanished,' and he would say, T did not 
come to you until the apostle had eaten.' Then he would put his hand in 
the dish and eat from it (867). 

Sa'id b. Abii Hind from Mutarrif b. 'Abdullah b. al-Shakhkhir from 
'Uthmita b. Abii'l-'As said: The last thing the apostle enjoined on me 
when he sent me to Thaqif was to be brief in prayer, to measure men by 
their weakest members; for there were old and young, sick and inhrm 

When they had accomplished their task and had set out to return to their 
country the apostle sent with them Abu Sufyto and al-Mughira to destroy 
the idol. They travelled with the deputation and when they neared al- 
Ta'if, al-Mughlra wanted to send on Abu Sufyan in advance. The latter 
refused and told him to go to his people while he stayed i n his property in 
Dhii'1-Haram. 2 When al-Mughlra entered he went up to the idol and 
struck it with a pickaie. His people the E. Mu'attib stood in front of him 
fearing tbat he would be shot or killed as 'Urwa had been. The women of 
8 Thaqif came out with their heads uncovered bewailing her and saying: 
O weep for our protector 



had been coilected. 

Now Abu Mulayh b. 'Urwa an 
apostle before the Thaqlf deputati 
separate themselves from Thaqif 
When they became Muslims the apostle 
whom you '" ' 



TheLifeofM 
be sent for Atu Suryan when her jewellery and gold and beads 

irib b. al-Aswad hsd come to the 
r hen 'Urwa was killed, desiring to 

them, 'Take as friends 

and they said, 'We choose God and His apostle.' The 

apostle said, 'and your matemal uncle Abu Suryan b. Harb,' and they said, 

When the people of al-Ta'if had aceepted Islam and the apostle had sent 
Abu Sufyan and al-Mughira to destroy the idal, Abii Mulayh b. 'Urwa 
asked the apostle ta settle a dd it J Irom the property 

of the idol. The apostle agreed and Q5rib b. al-Aswad asked for the same 
prmlege for his 1,' il-AswadwererulIbrothers. The 

apostle said, 'But al-Aswad died a polytheist.' He answered, 'But you will 
be doing a favour to a Muslim a near relation,' meaning himself ; 'the debt 
is only incumbent on me and from me it is required.' The apostle ordered 
Abu Suryan to satisfy the debts of 'Urwa and al-Aswad from the property 
of the idol, and when al-Mughira had collected its money he told Abu 
Suryan that the apostle had ordered him to satisfy these debts thus, and he 

The text of the document the apostle wrote for them runs : 'In the name 
of God the Compassionate the Merciful. From Muhammad the prophet, 
the apostle of God, to the belieyers : The acacia trees of Wajj' and its game 
are not to be injured. Anyone found doing this will be scourged and his 
garments cannscated. If he repeats the offence he wi!I be seized and 
brought to the prophet Muhammad. This is the order of the prophet 
Muhammad, the apostle of God.' Khalid b. Sa'id has written by the order 
,.,< the ipostk Muhammad b. Abdullah, so let none repeat the affence to his 9 
in what the apostle of God M 



Shawwal and DhiV .11 Abii Bakr in command of the 

hajj in the year 9 to enable the Muslims to perform their hajj while the 
polytheists were at their pilgrimage stations. Abu Bakr and the Muslims 
duly departed. 

A discharge came down permitting the breaking of the agreement 
between the apostle and the polytheists that none should be kept back from 
the temple when he came to it, and that none need fear during the sacred 
lonth. That was a general agreement between him atld the polythei n+J ' - 
leanwhile there were particular agreements between the apostle and 



Arab tribes for specined terms. And tr 



and about 



The Lije of Muhammad 



land for f; 
will put tl 



h ,.<,d ,„ 






!m«ofsoineofthcm, of 
n God and His apostle 

a treaty,' i.c. litosc poiy- 
iti made a generai agreement. 'So travd through the 
now that you cannot escape God and that God 
shame. And a proclamation from God and His 
■ of the greater pilgrimage that God and His 
:o apostle ;.re !rcc tioin Lililigation io tliL- polytheists," i.e. atter this pilgrimage. 
"So if you repent it will be better for you; and if you turn back know that 
you cannot escape God. Inform those who disbelieve, about a painful 
punishment cxccpt rhose polytheists with whoni you havc madc ;, irciiLy,' 
t | , I I, , i i ] I, , , inte thcv have not come shcrt 

,;::::■ 0, ,c ,- rcgard to you and have not litlp I , „ _■ , , .. So 

fulfil your treaty with them to their allotted time. God Ioves the pious. 
And when the sacred monthsare passed,' Hemeansthe fourv.hu:: hothted 
as their time, 'thcn k.ll thc polylheisls \, htrcier you rind them, and seiie 
them and besiege them and lie in wait for them in evcry amhnsl,. liui ir' 
they repent and perform prayer and pay the poor-tax, then let them zo 
their way. God is forgiving, merciM. If one of the polythcis 



in fear 

would not put them in fear neither in the holy places nor in tlie holy 
months 'a treaty with God and His apostle exce.pt for those with whom vou 
made a treaty at the sacred mo3que ?' They were the tribes of B. Bakr who 
had entered into an agreement with Quraysh on the day of al-Hudaybiya 
up to the time agreed between the apostle and Quraysh. h was only this 
clanof Ouraysh who ha.i brokcnit Thcy v. c;c ai-Dil i,f I). llak. o. \\Y,I 
who had entered into the agreement of Quraysh. So he was ordered to 
,ent with those of B. Bakr who had nat broken it, up to their 
iio long as they are true to you be true to them. God loccs 






Then Hc said : ' And how, if when they have the upper hand of you,' i.e. 
i 1 I i . . 1 . 1 

agreement w itli ;:-.i '■... .:.-'.-:i not p.ict or compaa in rcgard 

toyou'(S6g). 
i ' 1 hcy satisfy you with their l.ps while their hearts refuse, Most of them 
are wrongdoers. They have sold the reyelations of God for a low price 
and debarred (men) from His way. h\:l is th;,t uhich thcy are wont to do. 
They observe neither pact nor cumpact with a beliecer. Those are the 



Tke Life of Muhammad 
e. they have tranagri 



id b. Hunayf 



then they are ynur hioih.Ts in 
:whohaveknowledge.' 
Ja'far Muhammad b. 



shall enter P; 



superintend the hajj, someone espresscd the wish that he 

oE it to Abij Bakr/ He sa.d, '_\.,.,. ,ai! t ,t i, n.i 

my own house,' Then he summoned 'Ali and sn.c : "1;,;,: 
thc begmmng of "The Discharge" and proelaim it to the 



m sha!! circ.nnambuk 



Iht tc, 



,,(„„!■,). 'Ali 



ai, :,„roL'iiiL'iit with thc apostle has it for his appomied n 

went foith on the apost!e's slil-eared camel and overtook Anu uaicr on trte 

together and Abu Bakr superinrcnded the hajj, the Arabs in that year doing 
as they had done in the heathen period. When the day of sacrihce came 
'Ali arose and proclaimed what the apostle had ordercd him to say, and he 
gave the men a period of four months from the date of the proclamation to 
return to their place of safety or their country ; aterwards there was to be 
no treaty or compact except for one with whom the apostle had an agree- 
ment for a period, and he could have it for that period. Aitcr that year no 

Then the two of them returned to the apostle. This was the Discharge in 
regard to the polytheists who had a general agreement, and those who had 

Then the apostle gave orders to iight the polytheists who had broken the 
special agreement as wcli as those who had a general agreeii.ciii r.tcr the 

of themshowed hostility he should be killed forit. And Hc said, 'Wiii you 
not fight a people who broke their oaths and thought to drive out the 

aposti. :ii.d attacked you rirst? Da you fear thi 

tobefearedifyouarebelievers? Fightthem! God will punish ' 



idgiveyc 



ithev 



will heal the hreasts of a believing people, an 
their hearts and God will relent,' i.e, after that 'towards whom He v 
God is knowing, wise.' 'Or do you think that you will be left (idle 
God does not yet know those of you who bestir yourselves and choos 
for friend but God and His apostle and the bclievers? God is in: 
about what you do' (870). 

Then He mentioned the words of Quraysh, 'We are the people 






.d God's ( 



The Hfe of Muhammad 






■ 

risprayeranc . 

:ra, 'perhaps tht 






the poor tax and fears only God,' i.e, t 

maybetherightlyguided.' Terhaps'comingfroml 

he said: ' Would you make the watering of the pHgrims and the tending of the 
sacred mosque equal to one who believes in God and the last day and 
ttghts in the way of God ? They are nnt equal with God.' 

Then comes the story of their enemy until he arrives at the mention of 
Hunayn and what happened there ai 



x God s< 



n help al 






another. Then He said (v. 28): 'The polytheists are nothing br 
so let them not approach the sacred mosque after this year of theirs, snd if 
you fear paverty' that was because the people said 'the markets will be cut 
off from us, trade will be destroyed, and we shall lose the good things we 
used to enjoy,' and God said, 'If you fear porerry God will enrich you 
from His bounty,' i.c. in some other way, 'if He will. He is knowing, wise. 
Fight those who do not believe in God and the last day and forbid not that 
which God and His apostle have forbidden and follow not the religion of 
re been given thc scripture unti! they pay. 



thepolltaxoutofhai 
fear to lase by the c 
forwhatHecutofff: 
them by way of poll 
Then He 1 



2ing humbled,' i.e. as : 
ig of the markets. God _ 
11 them in their former polytheism by what He ga\ 






s from the people of scripture 






id thcir 



lim until the words 'Many of the rabbis an 
men's wealth wickedly and turn men from the way of God. Those who 
hoard up gold stnd silver and do not spend it in the way of God, annaunce 
to them 2 painrul punjshment.' 

Then He mentioned the fbong of the sacred months and the innoyations 
of the Arabs in the matter. Nasi' means making profane months which 
God has declared holy and vice versa. 'The number of the months with 
!4 God is twelve m the book of God on the day He created heaven and earth. 
Four of them are saered ; that is the standing religion, so wrong not your- 
selves therein,' i.e. do not make the sacred prolane or the profane sacred 
as the polytheists did. 'Postponement (of a sacred month)' which they 
used to practise 'is excess of hmdelity whereby those who disbelieve are 
misled ; they allow it one year and forbid it another year that thcy may 
make up the number of the months which God has made sacred so that 
they allow that which God has farhidden, the evll of their deeds seeming 
good to them. But God does not guide a disbelieving people.' 

Then He mentioned Tahuk and how the Muslims were weighed down 
by it and ejtaggerated the dimculty of attacking the Byzantines when the 
apostle called them to fight them; and the disaffection of some ; then how 
the apostle upbraided them for their behaviaur in Islam. God said, 'O yDU 
who believe, what was the matter with you that when it was said to you, 



The Ufe of Muhammad 621 

e way of God you were weighed down to the earth' then as 
Is ' He will punish you with a painful punishment and choose 



in you' 






helped him when those who disbelieve 

Then He said to His prophet, 
a near adventure and a short jo 
the long distance weighed upon 






disarlected: 'Had it been. 
mey they would have followed you, but 
hem. And they will swear by God, Had 
orth with you. They destroy themselves, 
God knowing that they are liars,' i.e. that they were able. 'May God forgive 
you. Why did you give them leave (to stay hehind) beforc those who told 
the truth were plain to you and you knew the liars ?' as far as the words 
'Had they gone forth with yoji they would have cootributed naught but 
trouble and have hurried about amang you seeking to cause sedition among 
you there being among you some who wauld have listened to them' (871). 
Among the mcn of high standing who asked his permission (to stay be- 
hind) according to my information were 'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul and 
al-Jadd b. Qays. They were nobles among their people and God kept them 93 
back because He knew that if thcty a they would cause 

disorder in hi3 army, for in the army were men who loved them and would 
obey them in anything they asked because of their high standing among 
them. God said: 'And among them are some who would have listened to 
them, and God knows about the evil-doers. In the past they sought to 



ie sedition,' i.c. befote they as 












ot fallen in 






your affair 'until the truth c: 

though they were averse'. 01 

(to stay behind) and tempt me not. Have they nt 

already ?' The one who said that according to what we wete told was al- 

Jadd b. Qays, brother of B. Salima, when the apastk called him to war 

with the Byzantines. Then the account goes on to the words ' If they wete 

to find a retuge or cavems or a place to enter they would have tumed to it 

with all speed. And of them is he who detamed yau in the matter of alms. 

If they are given some they are content ; but if they are not given somc they 

are enraged,' i.e. their whole aim, their satisfaction, and their anger, are 

concerned with their woTldly life. 

Then He enplained and specified to whom alms should be given: 'Alms 
are only for the poor and needy and the collectors of it and for those whose 
hearts are to be won, and to free captives and debtors, and for the way of 
God and for the wayfarer as an ordinance trom God and God is knowiog, 



Then He mentioned 
said: 'And of them are t 
Say: an ear of good for 



ir duplicity and their vexing the apastle and 

u, whD believES in God and is faithful to the 
hose of you who believe. There is a painrul 



tion the man who said those words was Nabtal b. aL-Harith. lirothcr uf H, 

'Muhammad is only an ear. If anyone tells him a thing he believes it.' 
Godsaid, 'Say: An ear of good to you,' i.e. he hears good and believes it. 

Then He said, 'They swear by God to you to pleast- you, but God and 
Hts aposllc havc mote right that they should please Him if they are be- 
liecers." Tben Hesaid, 'If you ask thcm tlicj will say We wcrc hul tslking 
and jesting. Kay: Do you scoff at God and His si K ns and His atirwtlc r' as 
'6 far as the words 'If We pardon 3 party of you We will punish a party.' The 
one who said thcsc »mh was \Vadr'a ii. ' lilhii, hrnthcr of E. Umayya b. 
Zayd of E. 'Amr b. 'Auf. The one who was pardoncd, according to my 
inrormation, was Mukhashshin b. Humayyir al-Ashja'1, an ally of B. 
i 

The description of them continues to the words, '0 prophet, rlght the 
cl I. md 11 ill ,,' tnd di 1 , ntjhU with them. Thcir abode ia 

!nl iit i r, t r r 1 I i ir t j t it but 

they did say the word of unbe]ief and disbelieved after their Islam and 
plnnncd whnl thev cotild not ar.ain. Thcv sought riwenge only because 
God and His apostlc had enriched thcm from His bounty' to the words 'no 
friend and no helper.' The one who said those words was al-Jnlas b. 
Suwayd li. Samit, and a man of his family callcd 'Umayr b. Ka'd reported 
them and he denied that he had said them and swore an oath by God. But 



1. His repentance and his stat 
Then He said, ' And of them is he wl 






nade a covenant with God : If He 
gives us ot riis bonntj >.vc Wlll c:i. rinu and become of the righteous.' 
The ones who made a covenant with God were Thalaba b. Hatib and 
Mu'attib b. Qushayr, both of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf. 

Then He said, 'Those who defame such of the believers as give freely in 
alms and such as can only give their erTorts and scoff at them, God will 
scotT at thcmand they willhave a painful punishment.' The iielicccts whn 
> 1> I \I lu'1-Rahman b. 'Auf and 'Asim b. 'Adiy, hrtithct 

, ' '-ilni, bccause the apostle incited and iirged mcn to almsgmng, 

,'>i, inl !t.;liiii:iii arose and gave 4,000 dirhams, and 'Asim arose and gave 
100 loads of dates, and they defamcd them and said, 'This is nothing 

linillier rif E, Unayf, who brought a measure of dates and csst it all mtii 
i. They laughed at him sayir.g, '(inl riin do withrait Aiiu 'Aqil's 



Then He 1 



III llici 






Tke Life of Muhammad 



',2i 



as far as the words 'and lct not their v 

AI-ZuhrI from 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utha from b. 'Abhas said: 
I heard 'Umar saying, 'When 'Abdullah b. Ubayy died the apostle was 
called to ptay ovet him ; and when he went and stood by him about to 

to pray over God's enemy 'Abdullah b. Ubayy, the man who said so-and-so 
on such-and-such occasions ?" The apostle smiled when I had made a long 
story and said, "Get behind me, 'Umar. I have been given the choice and 
I have chosen. It was said to me, 'Ask pardon for them or ask it not. If 
pardon them.' Did 



Iknov 
therett 
hisgra 



1 Then he praved ov 
until he 



IO the sc 






:n God ar, 









1 of them who dies 
and do not stand by his grave for they disbelieved in God and His apostle 
and djed as evil-dners." Afterwards the apostle never prayed over a 
disaffected person until the day of his death.' 

Then He said: 'And when a suta is sent down: Believe in God and 
striw. alnnir with His apostle, men Df wealth among them asked your 
permission {to stay behind).' Ibn Ubayy was one of them and God 
raided him for it, then He said : 'But the apostle and those who believ 



with him 



with their 



1..! :l,cir ii, 



for ti 






sful. God has prepared for them 
beneath whidt rivtrs How whcrcin thcy shall abide for ever; that is the 
great triumph. And the excuse-offering Bedouin came to ask leave and those 
Wba [iisiiclicicd God and His apostle stayed at home' to the end of the 

Ghifar among whom was Khufif b. Ayma' b. Rahada ; He goes on with the 

mount them you said 1 cannot find a beast otl which to mount you, turned 
back, their eyes nowing with tears for gricf that they could not lind the 

Tben He said : 'The way (of blame) is only against those who asked 
leavc, thcy lieing rich. They wanted to be with the women. GcJ sealed 
their hearts and they do not know.' The khuwali/ weTt the women. Then 

'Turn away from them* to Ilis words 'And if you are satished with them 
God will not lic sr.risrie,! wiih an cvil people.' 

Then He mentioned the Bedouin and the disarTectcd among them and 
how they waited f,,r itli 11 i the apostle and the believers: 

'And of the Bedouin thcre is he who regards what is spent,' i.c- of thc alms 
or expenses in the way of God 'as a tax and awaits evil lortune for you. 
Thc cvil fortune will be theirs and God is hearing, knowing.' 



6* 4 
Then H= mentioned tli 

day and regards what he spends and the ptayers of the apostie as accep- 
table offeringa with God. It is an acceptable offering for them.' 

the goodly reward which God promised them. Then he joined with them 
their later followers in goadness and He said, 'God is pleased with them 
and they are pleased with Him.' Then He said: 'And of the Bedouin 
round you there are the disaffected and of the peDple of Medina there are 
those who are stubborn in disarTection,' i.e. persist in it and reruse to be 
otherwise; 'we shall punish them twice.' The punishment with which 
God threatened them twice according to my information is their grief 
over their position in Islam and their inward rage at not getting a (heavenly) 
reward ; then their punishment in the grave when they get there ; thea the 
great punishment to which they will be brought, the punishment of heli 
eternally. Then He said: 'And there are others who acknowledged their 
faults. They maed a good deed with another that was bad ; perhaps God 
wiU relent towards them, for He is forgiving, merciful.' 



Then He said, 'Take alms from their w 









:. Then He said: 'And there ar 
s decree; either He will punish them g 
le three who were Ieft in abeyance an 
intU their forgivenes3 came from Goc 



reient towards them.' They ari 

)9 Then He said, 'And as for those wno cnose a mosque out ot opposmon 
to the end of the passage. Then He said: 'God has baught from the 
bebevers their lives and their wealth for the Garden that will be theirs.' 
Then comes the narrative dealing with Tabuk to the end of the chapter. 

In the time of the praphet and afterwards Bara'a was caUed al-Muha- 
'thira' becsuse it Iaid bare the secret thoughts of men. TabOk was the last 
raid that the ipostle made. 



THE POITKY OF KASBAN 
Hassan b. Thabit, enumeiating the battles and campaigns 
Ansar fought in company with the apostle, said: (872) 

If all of them be reckoned and counted ? 

A people all of whom witnessed Badr with the apastle 

Neither falling ahort nor deserting. 

They gave him their fealty, not one betrayed it, 

On the day when in the glen of Uhud 



The Lije 0/ Muhammad 
Well-aimed blows blazing like a hot nre met thern 
And the day of Dhu Qarad when dust rose abave them 
They did not ninch nor fear. 

At Dhu'l-'Ushayra they overrodc them with the apostle 
Armed with sword and spear. 
At Waddan they drove out its people 
Galloping along till hill and mountain stopped us. 
And the night when they sought their encmy for God's . 
(And God will reward them for what they did). 
And the raid on Najd, where with the apostle 
They gained much spoil and boaty. 

. tought with him 
He gave them a second taste of combat. 
And the raid of al-Qa' when we scattered the enemy 
As camels are scattered befare their drinking-place. 
They were the peaple who paid him homage 
To the point of w: 












At Khaybar they w< 

Each man walking like a hero facing death 

With swords quivering in their right hands 

Sametimes bent through striking, sometimes straight. 

The day the apostle went to Tabuk seeking God's rewa 



They had the conduct 



r il it 



S. <zpluiu thttHuidn who w« n 



And when Islam came we had the superiority. 

God the only God honoured us with 

Bygone days that have na parallel 

In our help to God and His apostle and His religion, 

Those people of mine are the best of all people. 
Whatevei is counted good my people are worthy of it. 
They surpass all their predecessors in generosity 

When men come to their assemblies they do not behai 



They are inimitable in Wl 
To fight them is dea 
Their sojourner's hc 
While staying with 1 



The Life o/ Mukamma, 
i asked for a gift. 



And he whom the angels* washed of his imputity we 
I.Iassan also said : 

These are my people if you ask, 

Large are the cooking-pots for the gamesters 

Whcrein thcy cook the fat-humpcd csmels. 

They give the sojourner a Iife of plenty 

And protect their friend when he is wronged. 

They were kings in thcir lands, 

They call for the sword when injustice is nagrant. 3 

They were kings over men— neyer by others 

Tell 4 about *Ad and its peoples: 

Of Thamiid and the survivars of Iram, 

Of Yathrib where they had built fort3 among the pa 

And cattle were housed thcre, 

Watering camels which the Jews trained 

:: with you, and Come! 
They had what they wanted of wine and pleasure, 



: 



Beside thcm wc led war-hc 
Covered with thick leather. 
Wh.n ivv halted on the sid 
And made fast the saddles 
They wcre scarcd by the S[ 
And the sudden attack fror 
They tled swiftly in 



m them Iike lions of the jungle 



Thirk hays, spint 



And to smiting down brsvc iocs; 
Kings when (others) behaved as t 

\.-v,t rclTMling but always advar 



tc back wi 



, thcir 



;n and children also were divided amon; 
We inherited their houses whcn they had gone 
And remained there as owners. 

When the rightly guided apostle brought us the truth 
■•,:,.: 1i«1l| aiter darkness 

We said, 'You speak the truth, God's apostle; 
Comc and dwell with us. 
v,\: ih::i- \vi:ncs.s that you are the slave of God 
Sent in light with an upright religion. 

And our wealth is at your disposal.' 
Such are we if others give you the lie, 
So shrink not from prodaiming aloud, 
Proclaim what you have hidden 
Openly without concealing it,' 

1'ln- ciring rmcs cirr.c v.iih tlicir swords 
Thinking that he would be slain. 
W.. allitkcJ them with our swords, 
Kighting tbe miscreants of the peoples in his defencc 
With our brightly polished swords 
Fine-edged, biting, cu "" 
When they en 

They did not recoil or oecome Diunteo. 
Such have our nobles bequeathed us 

>, :int.'vsi:-,Ll stlory and proud fame. 
When oil.i passes anothcr takes his place 
And hc leaves a scion when he dies. 
There is none who ii uol ■■ 
Though he may have been .lis 



When the apostle had gained possession of Mecca, and had iinished wi 
Tabiik. and Thaqif had surrendcred and paid homage, deputations fro 



icountered hard bc 



rethel. ■ 



The Life of Muham* 
attitude to Islam the Ara 



: apostle. For Qurs 



jeople of the sacred temple, 
iham ; and the leading Arabs 
Ld declared war on the apDstle 



re stock of Ishmae 
d not contest this. It was Qi 
id opposed him; and when ; 
ibject to him and he subdued it to Islam, and the Arahs knew that they 
luld not nght the apostle or display enmity towards him they entered 
to God's religion 'in batches' as God said, coming to him from all 
rections. God said to His pn:: . Ip came and the 

ctory, and you saw men entering into God's religion in batches, then 
:li< praise and ask His pardon for He is most forgiving,' [ 
:. praise God for His haying made your religion victorious, and ask His 



Then deputations of Arabs came to the apostle. There came to him 
'Utarid b. Hajlb b. Zurara b. 'Udus al-Tamimi among the nobles of B. 
Tarmm inciuding al-Aqra' b. Habis and al-Zibriqan b, Badr one of B. 
Sa'd, and 'Amr b. al Ahtam and al-Habhib b. Zayd (877). 
4 And in the deputation of B. Tamim were Nu'aym b. Yaild and Qays b. 
al-Harith and Qaya b. 'Asim brother of B. Sa'd with a great dcputation 
from B. Tamim (878). With them was 'Uyayna b. Hisn b. Hudhayfa b. 
Badr al-Fazari. 

among them. When the deptitation entered the musque they called oot to 

and 'Utarid b. Hajib got up and saidr 
,j 'Praise belongs to God for His favour to us and Hc is worthy to be 
praised, who has made us kings and given us great wealth wherewith we are 
generous, and has made us the strongest people of the east and the greatest 
in number, and the best equipped, so who among mankind is our equal ? 
Are we not the princes of men and their superiors ? He who would compete 
with us ]et him enumerate what wc have enumerated. If wi 



,• iitlu 



ke and anything better.' Then h( 



The Lift of Muhammad 629 

b. Qays b. al-Shammas, brother 01 B. al-Harith b. a!-Khazraj, 'Get up and 
answer iht man's speech'; so Thabit got up and said; 

'Praise belongs to God Who created heaven and earth and established 
His rulc therein, and His luiowledge includes His throne; nothing exists 
but by His bounty. By His power He made us kings and chose the hest of 
His creation as an apostle, and honoured him with lineage, made him 
truthful in spcech, and favoured him with reputation, and sent down to 
him His book and entrusted him with it above (all) that He had created. 
He was God's choice from the worlds. Then He summoned men to 
believe in him, and the emigrants from his people and hia kinsmen 
believed in God's apostle; the most noble men in reputation, the highest 
in dignity, and the best in deeds. The nrst of creatures to answer and 
respond to God when the apostle called them were ourselves. We are 
God's helpers and the assistants of His apostk, and will light men until 
they bdicie in God; and he who believ.es in God and His apostle bas 
protected his Iife and propeny from us; and he who disbelieves we will 
tight in God UOCM m vull be a small matter to us. 

These are my words and I ask God's pardon for myself and the believers 

(T. Then they said, 'Give permission to our poet to speak' and he did 
so,) and al-Zibriqan got up and said; 






the nobles, nc 
]S kings are bom and in our midi 
lany tribes have we plundered, 
:ellence in glory is to be sought after. 
; of dearth we feed our meat to the hungry 

n see chiefs coming to us from every land, 

e feed them lavishiy. 

ughter fat-humped young camels as a marter { 











Thus we are . 


iustly exalted in p 


ride (879). 


Hassan was absi 


;nt st the time sn: 


dthe 








poet. I. 


the apostle I was ! 


laying: 






We protected God's apostle wh 






Whether Ma' 


add liked it or nol 







Tke Life o/ Mukammad 



In a unique house whose glory 
Is in Jabiyatu'1-Jaulan among t! 
Ia glory aught but ancient lords 
The dignity of kings and the b( 
Wheii I came to the apostle and U 
hnished the apostle said to Hassan, 






=r the man,' and 



The leaders of Fihr and their brothers 

Everyone whose heart is devout 
And does all manner of good approves th 
Such a people when they right injure thei 
Dr gjir, rhc ...'■. ji.uyi ■.•! th-ir Lj-ierer.t; 

(The worst of characteris 






m.) 






Then they would be behind the lai 

Men do not repair what their hands have destroyed in nghting, 

Nor destroy what they have repaired. 

If they compete with others they take the lead, 

If weighed against men famous for liberality they send down the sc; 

Chaste men whose chastity is rnentioned in revelation, 

Not mean with their wealth towards the sojoumer 

And no stain of covetousness touches them. 

When we attack a tribe we do not go softly to them 



Thrryd, 









*1 by its 



And if they ar 

In battle when death is at hand 

They are like lions in Halya with crooked cla 

Take what you can get if they are enraged 

And seek not what thev havc loili: lii-.n. 

To nght tl 



How 



K ihcln. 






they are the best of all crea 
matters grave and gay (880). 
When Hassan had ended al-Aqr 



They had 



ny father, this man 
hia poet are better than ours and 
than ours.' In the end they accepted Islam a. 






,. Qays b. 7 . . 
of God, there is 01« uf nn incti v. jli '.1, L camels, a mere young 
he spokc disparaguigly of him. But the apostle gave him the ss 
gave the others. When 'Amr heard that Qays had said that, he 

You exposed yDursell to CDntempt when you defamed n 



(T. You m:i, luur us, for Ro.nan is your origin 
But Rome does not hold hatred for the Arabs.) 
We ruled you with a wide authority, but your authority 
Is that of one sitting on his behind and shawing his teeth! 1 (S81) 
Conceming them the Quran came down: 'Those who call you fror 
behind the priiate apartments most af them have no sense.' 3 



h. Oi.ys b |az' b. Khalid b. JaTar, and Jabbir b. Salmi b, Malik b. 
Ja'far. These three were the chiefs and leaders of the tribe. 

'Amir, the enemy of God,< came to the apostle intending to kill him 
treacherously. Ilis people had urged him to accept Islam because others 
had dDne so, but he said: 'I have sworn that I will not stop until the Arabs 
follow me. Am I to follow in the steps of this iellow from Quraysh ? : Then 

from you, and when I do that smite him with your sw r ord.' When they 
got to the apostle 'Amir said, 'Muhammad, come apart with me.'* He 



f»TutW, Hayy h. Y*q?*n, 85 



e in God alDH 


c.' Hi- 


repeated the 


■ 


Arbsd 




ve. Heagain 




d his request 



632 The Life 0) 

replied, 'No, I 

he had told hirj 

and got the same answer. When the apostte refused he said, 'By Gad 1 1 
.0 Kll the land against you with horses and men.' When they went away 
apostle said, 'O God, rid me of 'Amir b. aI-Tufayl.' On their way b; 
'Amir said to Arbad, 'Confound you, Arbad, wby didn't you do whs 
ordered ? I!y God there is no man on the face of the earth whom I fear m 
than yDU, but by God [ shall never fear you after today.' He answer 
'Don't be hasty with me. Whenever I tried to get at him as you or 






sothatlt 



uld BC! 



inly you. 



(T. 'Amirb. al-Tufay1said: 



The Li/e of Muhammad 
r drops appear? (He was) 



er for faim 



The night the horses came weak from the battl 
Who sent the mouming-women among his moi 
Likc young gazelles in a barren Sand. 
The lightning and thunderbolts distressed me 
For the brave knight on the day of misfortune. 
Who spoiled the spoiler to rcpay the spoiled 

to him distressed and if he asked fo 



.iberal when tii 

^s the gentie spring 1 






And wc had killed the Ansar in its n 
As they were on their way back God st 
neck, and God killed him in the house of 
to say, 'O Banu 'Amir, A boil like the boi 
of a woman of Banu Salull' (882) ' 
When they had buried him his companions returned to the B. 'Amir 
' 'ie people asked Arbad what had happened. 



a bubonic plague in 'Amir's 
roman Df B. SahU He began 



'Nothing, by God,' 



to wotship something. I wish 
ro aiter 



•f thc; 


were moderate in judgement he show 




astute, withal 


in his sweetness bitter, 


Gentle 






eye. 




iOt weep for Arbad 


Whcn t 


1, M-it. •! 


ids strip the leaves from 



Labid also sa 



. 






he day of battle. 
re had parted (for ever) the day they 
'Arbad's property is being divided by lot.' 
The shares of the heirs fly off in double and 
And authority' goes to the young man, 
Bid fatewe!l to Abu Hurayz m : 
Though farewell to Arbad brings little of tha 
You were our leader and arganizer, 
For beads must be held together by a string ; 
And Arbad was a warlike knight 
When the howdahs with their coverings wen 
When in the morning the women were carrie 
With faces unveiled and legs bare; 
On that day men ned to him for safety 
As a man at large flees to the sanctuary. 
He who came to Arbad's cooking-pot praisec 
And those who had much meat were nat rep 










ired and respected ; 



The Life of Muhammad 
if the potar region and the Great Bear 



,\bii':.i.in- Lii 

Wl... lilk-il il, 

Wli.i,™-)) 
As when a Ji< 



Sjy, IV «.,i i 
He kept wran 
The Lord of 



r exhaust the goo 

;v pr.ircrtinc v.an 



pamlessly without hurt and he is so 



:1 at the d 



The Life of Muhamr, 
'Abdullah b. 'Abbas from Ibn 'Abbls told r 
pimam to the apostle he came and made his ca: 
mosque, hobbled it, and went into the mosque wherc the apostle was sitting 

1 , r | > I , , I I r 1 , , I , J , ,1 t I' 

locks. He came forward until he stood over thc apostlc and said, 'Wbich of 
you is the son of ' Abdu'1-Muttalib ?' The apostle said that he was. ' Are you 
Muhammad ?' he asked. When he said that hc was hc sai J, '0 sint of ' Abdu'1- 
Muttalib, I am going to ask you a hard question, so don't take it amiss.' The 
apostletold himtoaskwhat he lik:J jnd h, would „,l take it amiss and he 
said, 'I adjure you by God your God and the God of those before you and 
the God of those who will come after you, has God sent you to us as an 
apostle ?" Yes, hy God He has,' he rephetl. He then adjured him to answer 
the questions. 'Has He ordered you lo order us to serve Him alone and not 

.,: i f. ii ::,'.:,.: ,lnv ,tv,tl deitieswhich our o^ 
fathers used to worship along v . . . iucse five prayers; 

then the ordinances of Islam one by one, alms lastinc. _' i i(j in. 11 
the laws of Islam?' At theend :.,, thcre isno God but 

Allah and I testify that Muhammad is the apostle of God, and I will carry 
out these ordinanccs, and 1 will avoid what you have forbidden me to do; 
I will neither add ti>. nor dimimsh trora them.' Then he went backto his 
camel. The apostle said, 'II this man with the two forelocks is sincere he 

The man went to his camel, freed it from its hobble, and went off to his 
people, and when they gathered to him the first thing he said was, 'How 
evil are al-Lat and al-'Uzza!" 'Heavens above, pimam,' they said, "beware 
of leprosy and elq k to you, thsy can 

neither hurt nor heal. God has sent an apostlc ;,:::! sirnt Juwn t,> him :: 
book, so seek deliverance thereby from your present state; as for me, I 
bear witness that there is no God but the one God who is without associate, 
and that Muhammad is His slave and apostle. I have brought you what 
He has commanded you to do and what He has ordered you not tD do.' 
And by God before the night was over there was not a man or woman in the 
tribe who had not become a Muslim. 'Abdullah b. "AbbSs said : W t havc 
never heard of a representative of a tribe nner than Pimam b. Tha'Iaba. 



Al-Jarud b. 'Amrb. Hanash, brother of *Abdu'l-Qays, came to the apostle 
(887). 

One of whom I have no suspicion told me froni ;iI-FIlss;iis that wlu.n hc ■-, 
came to the apo$tle he spoke to him, and the apostle cxplained Islam to hlm 
and irwited him to enter it with kindly wurds. Tle n.plied: l Muhaminad N 



Tht Life of Muhammad 



'hat God has guided you 
lccepted Islam. Then he 
i him that he had none 



I owe a debt. If I leave my religion for yc 

debt?' The apostle said, 'Yes, I guarantee tha 

to is better than that', so he and his companioi 

asked the apostle for some mounts, but he 

available. Al-Jarud pointed out that there were some stray beasts lyinj 

between Medina ind his country and cauld he not ridc Jwa) on llicm 

He rcplied, 'No, beware of them, for that would lead to hell fire.' 

OWB tribe, a good Muslim, firm in his religioi 
until his death, having Iived to the time of the Apostasy. And when somi 
of his people who had become Muslims returned to their former religioi 
hilh al-Gliatiir' t>. a!-Mundhir b. al-Nu'man b. al-Mundhir, al-Jarud go 
up and spoke and confessed his faith and called them to Islam. He pro 
nounced the shakada and declared that he would regard anyone whi 
refused to do likewise as an infidel (888). 

The apostle had sent al-'ALa' b. al-Hadramt to al-Mundhir b. Sawi 
al-'Abdi bettre the conquest of Mecca, and he became a good Muslim 
He died after the apostle but before the apostasy of the people of al-Bah- 
rayn. Al-'Ala' was with him as governor for the apostle over al-Bahrayn 



The Life of Muhammttd 
o you when you mentioned me 



■ 






The deputation of B. Han!fa came to the apostle bringing with them 
Musaylima b. Habib al-Hanan, the arch liar (889). They lodged in the 
house of d. al-Harith, a woman \ajjir. One of the 

scholars of Medina tdd me that B. Hanifa brought him to the apostle 
* hiding him in garmems. The apostle was sitting among his companions 
having a palm-branch with some leaves on its upper end. When he came 

and asked him (for a gift). The apostle answered: 'If you were to ask me 
for this palm branch (T. which I hold) I would not give it to you.' 

A shaykh of B. Hanifa from the people of al-Yamama told me that the 
incident happened otherwise. He alleged that the deputation came to the 
apostle having left Musaylima behind with thc camels and the baggage. 
When they had accepted Islam they remembered where he was, and told 
the apostle that they had left a companion of theirs to guard their stuff. 
The apostle ordered that he should be given the same as the rest, saying, 
'His position is no worse than yours,' i.e. in minding the property of his 
companions. That is what the apostle meant. 

Then they left the apostk and hrought him what he had given him. 
When they reached al-Yamima the enemy Df God apostatized, gave 
himself out as a prophet, and played the liar. He said, 'I am a partner with 



icsthatlam 

a partner with him in the affair >' Then he began to utter rhymes in taj' 
and speak in imitation of the style of the Quran: 'God has been gracious 
ta the pregnant woman ; He has brought forth from her a living being that 
can move ; from her very midst,' He permitted them to drink wine and 
fornicate, and let them dispense with prayer, yet he was acknowledging 
the apostle as a prophet, and Hanlfa agreed with him on that. But God 
knows what the truth was. 



The deputation of Tayyi' containing Zaydu'I-Khayl who was their chief 
came to the apostle, and after some conversation he explained Islam to 
them and they became good Brd vf whom I have no 

reason tD suspect toid me that the apostle said, 'Na Arab has ever been ^ 
spoken of in the highest terms but when I have met him I have found that 
he falls below what was said of him except Zaydu'l-Khayl, and he exceeds 
all that has been said about him.' Then the apostle named him Zaydu'l- 
Khayr and allotted to him Fayd and some lands with it and gave him a 
deed accordingly. 

As Zayd went back to his tribe the apostle said that he hoped he would 
escape the Medina fever. The apostle did not call it rjurnma or Umm 
Maldam; my informant could not say what. When he reached one 
of the watering-places of Najd called Farda Lhe fever overcame him and 
he died. When he felt his end coming he said : 

■el eastwards tomorrow 

inNajd? 



When he was dead hi 



nable birth, a Christian, and I used to travel about among my people to 
collect a quarter of their stock. I was my own master in religious matters 
and was a king among my people and treated as such. When I heard of the 
apostle I disliked him and said to an Arab servant of mine who was looking 
after my camels, "Prepare some of my well-trained, well-fed camels, and 
keep them near me, and when you hear of Muhammad's army coming 



The I.ife of Mukam 
ry bring me wor.l." One mon 



thildrei 






rl„„! 



,y fa,r,ily 



I went as far as al-Jaushiya (890) and I Ieft one of I.linm's daughters in the 
setticiuoiit. Wlicu I reachcd Sv, ia { stopped there. 

ln my abscnce the apost!e's cavalry came and among tho 

npt 11 ,>1 Ij, 1 , ,, ll, 1 I ]„ r, 1 , Ihuhl t ^ r [Ijttm , 

daughter was put in the enclosure by thc door of the mosquc in which the 
captives were imprisoned and the apostle passed by her. She got up to meet 
him, for she was a courteous woman, and said, 'O apostle of God, my father 
is dead and the man who should act fot mt' has gone. If you spare me 
God will spare you.' He asked her who her man was and when she told 
himit was ' \An h II ,, I, n Thc man who runs away from 

God and His apostle.' Then he went on and left her. Exactly the same 
thing happened the next day, aj- . shc was in despair. 

Then a man behind him motioned to her to get up and speak to him. She 

lake you tn y.mr eramtry, then let uie kuow," T asked the name of tbe man 
who had beckoned to me to speak and was told that it was 'Ali. I stayed 

my brother in Syria. I went to the apostie and told him that some trust- 
worthy man of reputation from my people had come for me. The apostie 
gavc me cloihing and put me on a camel and gave me money and I went 



'=,],-, 1, 1 


wassitting 


rniong my people when I saw a howdah makin 


,rusandlsai< 




:,.- ia i : wm, jj:.I when sJw gc 


■ niesh. rewlc 






td children an 


d abandoned your father's daughter.' 1 sa:J, 1 >.:■ itot sa 




bad, little 1 


lister, for by God I have no esciisc. [ did J 




Then she ■< 






I asked he 


1 wbat she thraighl i,f lliis man and she said 




n himquickly, fcr jf the m.in is ;. p, .■:,],,; ;],.-: 


lose who get to him ntst 


will be preferred ; and if he is a king you wil 


tt be shamed 




• of al-Yaman, you being the man yDU are.' 






,1 '_ , , , I .11 ::, ibe apostle when h 


as in ln.-i moatjue in Medina and saluted him and told him myname ani 


; got up to tak< 






Loldfeeblewo 


man who asked him to stop and he stopped f..r ;> lor.g iin-,. 


■IJ.H.' ■,, 


™™.Mrftrf 


\ )1 1 11 J 






m-Lifi <4M 
herneeds. I said to myself "This is no king." The 
useandtook hold of a leather coshi,,,, stuiT.-d „i- 
it 10 mc saying, ' ' Sit on that." I said, "No, you sit o 

myscir,' Ttiisisnotthewayakingbehaves.''Thenhesaid,"Now'Adiy,ai 
you not half aCbi-isiiiin :-' ' Wii.n 1 sald tha: I was hcsaid, "Don't you g 
among your people collecting a quarter of their stock?" When I admitte 
that he said: "But that is not permitted to you in your religion." ' Qni: 

i, nnt Generallt Itncm n. Thcn 1.,: «; i.l, "It may well be that the povert 

take it. But perhaps it is that you see bow many are their enemies and hoi 
few they are ? But, by God, you will hcar of a 
from Qadisiya t.i visit tbis temple 1 unafraid. 

that others have the power and sovereignty, but by God you 1 
of BabylDn have been opened to then 



tn coming or 



ar that the white 
XOBX a Muslim. 
'Adiy used 



to be fulfilled. I saw the white castles of Babylon laid open and I saw 
womcn eoming from Qadisiya on camels unafraid to make the pilgrimage 
to this temple; and, by God, the third will come to pass: wea];:; ., li :'.■■. 



a. Shortly befo 



ic to the apostle, separatint; ai 
re Islam there had been 3 b::: 
e former suffered a severe dcfeat, losing 
,,-.alledaI-Radm(T. al-Razm). Theleadcrof 
1 1 , n 1 il ^jda' h MHik (801). 
Farwa said about the battle: 
They passed by Lufat 3 with sunken eyes 



Tke Life o/ Muham 



rw for and nt 



While we are happy and rejoice in it, 

Though we have enjoyed its favour for years, 

Suddenly fate's wheel ia turned 

And you nnd those who were envied ground to p 

And if the noble persisted so should we; 
But the chiefs of my people are swept away 
Like the generitions before them (892). 
When Farwa set out to go to the apostle, leaving thi 

Kinda had failed to go t 






When I saw the kings of 

Lilte a man whose leg sit 

I brought up my camel to go to M 

Hoping for its welfare and good ground (893). 
When he reached the apostle he asked him, so I have heen told, 'Are 
you upset at what befell your people on the day of al-Radm?' He 
answered that such a tribal deleat as that would distress any man, and the 
apostle said that if that were so Islam could bring them only good. The 
prophet appointed him governor over Murad and Zubayd and Madhhij 
and sent with him Khalid b. Sa'sd b. al-' As in charge of the pDor tax ; 
he remained with him in his land until the rieath of the apostle. 

'Amr b. Ma'dlkarib came tD the apostle with 3ome men of B. Zubayd and 
accepted Islam. Hc had said to Qays b. Makshuh al-Muradi when news 
of the apostle reached them, 'Ydu are the chief of your tribe, Qays. We 
have heard that a man of Quraysb called Muhammad has appeared in the 
Hijiz claiming to be a prophet, so come with us so that we may find out the 
facts. If he is a prophet as he says, it wil! be apparent to you and when we 
meet him we will follow him. If he is not a prophet we shall know.' But 
Qays refused and declared his advice te be folly. Thereupon 'Amr rode 
2 off to the apostle and accepted Islam. When Qays heard of this he was 
enraged and threatened 'Amr, saying that he had gone againsr him und 



to practise goodness. 



Whose lust beguiled him. 



The Life af Muhammad 
He wished to meet me on a horse on which I sat as 
Wearing a loose coat of mail glittering like a pool 
On hard ground which makes the water clear, 
Mail that turns back the iances with bent points 



Hadyc 









[J !m-e 



a rayening be 
mighty paws and lofty shoulders 
Matching his adversary whom he Dverthrows if he make 
Seizes him, picks him up, throws him down and kills hii 
Dashes out his brains and shatters him; 
Tears him b pieces and devours him, 

'Amr stayed with his people the B. Zubayd while Farw; 
™ over them. When the apostle died 'Amr revolted, and si 
We have fcund Farwa's rule the worst of rules, 
An ass snilHng at a female ass. 



Al-Ash'ath b. Qays came to the apostle with the deputation of Kinda. 
AJ-Zuhri told me that he came with eighty riders from Kinda and they 
went in to the apostle in the masque. They had combed their locks and 
blackened their eyes with kohl, and they wore striped robes bordered with 
silk. The apostle asked them if they had accepted Islam and ^ 



said that they had 
tore it orT and threw lt away, 
Then al-Ash'ath said, 'We 
so are you.' The apostle sm: 
Muptalib and Rabi'; ' ' 






1 .:.. 









3 attributed. These 
longtheArabsand 



asked who they w 
bitter herbs, taking pride in that because Kinda were kings. Th 
said to them, 'Nay, we are the sons of al-Nadr b. Kinana : we do not 
our mother's line and disown our father." AI-Ash'ath said 'Hav 
Hnished (T- Do you know), O mcn of Kinda? By God if I hear : 
saying that (T. after today) I will give him eighty strokes' (896). 



Suiad camt iu thc Lijii isiIl aiid became a good Muslim with the deputation 
from al-Azd. The apostle ptir I ■ , nf bjd peopk 

who had acceptcd 1 i 1 .' liim tn right the neighbouring 

polychcists 1'rom the tribes of the Yaman with them. Surad went away 
to carry out the apostle's orders and stopped at jurash, which at that time 
uas a cki.cti town contaming somc of thc tribcs of the Yaman. Khath'am 
had takcn rcfuge with them and entered it when they heard of the approach 
of tiiii MuaKn». The latter besiegcd them for about a month, but they 
could not force an entry. Surad withdrew as far as tjiie t»f their mcuntains 
(now) called Shakar, and the inhabitants of Jurash, thinking that he had 
Hed from them, went out in pursuit of him, and when they overtaok him 
hc tumed on them and kilted a large nutnber of them. 

Now the people of jurash had sent two of thcir men to the apostle in 
; MiJiita [0 lntik about them and see (what was happening), and while they 
were with the apostle after the alternoon prayer he asked where Shakar 
was. The two men got up and told him that there was a mountain in their 
country called Kashar by the people of Jurash, to which he replicd that it 
was nbt Kashar but Shakar, 'Then what is the news of it?'they askcd. 
tg killcd there now,' he said. The two 



nt and sa 



m Balr or 



said, 'Woe to you! the apostle ha 
your peoplc, so get up and ask him to pray to God to spare your people.' 
They did so, and he did so pray. They kft the apostle and retumed to 
their people and found that they had been smitteii on thc day thal Surad 



The deputation of Jurash came to th« 

horses, riding camels, and ploughing i 
man who pastured it could be seized w: 
reference to that raid saidL (KhatiYam us< 
attack thcm in the sacred month) : 



ipostle and accepted Islam and 
ir town with dellnite marks for 
en. The cattle of any (other) 
i impunity. One of the Aud in 
to assail Azd in pagan times and 



What a successful raid we had ! Mules, and h( 
Until wc came to Himyar with its forts 

'.tin had been given full w^arninr, 
lf I could satisfy the rancour I feel 
I should not care whether tliey , . 



The Life o/ Muht 



"43 



rit Malik b. Murra al-RahawT 
with thcir submission to Islam and abandonnie.it of polytheism ami its 
adherents. Then the apostle wrote to thcm: 'In the name of God thc 
Compassionate, the Merciful, from Muhammad the apostle of God, the o; 
prophet, to al-Harith b. 'Abdu KuliL und lo _\u'aym h. 'Abdu Kiilal 1 and 
to al-Nu'man prince of Dhii Ru'ayn and Ma'afir and Hamdan. I praise 
God the only Gad unto you. Your messenger reached me on my 
return from the land of the Byjantines and he met us in Medina and con- 
.i yt-d youi mcssage and your news and informed us of your Islain and of 
your killing the polytheists. God has guided you with His guidance. 
If you do well and obey God and His apostle and perform praycr, auti pay 
alms, and God's fifth of booty and the apostle"s share and selected part,* 
and the poor tax wltich j. iikliliui.h-iiI t,.i. bflicvt_T. from !<md, thiti it'K a 
titbe of lliat uatered by fountains and rain; of that watered by the bucket 
a twentieth; for evcry forty camels a milch camel; for cvcry lliirly camels 
a young male camel ; for every five camels a sheep ; for every ten camels two 
sheep ; for every forty cows c-ne cow; for every thirty cows a bull calf or a 
co w calf , for every fo rty sheep at pasture one sheep. This is what God has 
laid upon thc belicvcrs. Anyone who does more it is to his merit. He who 
lciltil-- tbis and Ĕicirs .utiic:,s tu his Isltim ancl litdtis llic bc!icvers acamsl 
the polytheists he is a belicvcr v.ii h . li ■. , l ghta and obligations and 
he has the guarantee of God and His apostle. If a Jew or a Christian 



hol.is f j 



religionjewor 



to be turncd (T. seduced) 



ty the poll tax — for every 
or slave, one full dinai cjk- ilalcd tm ihc yaluatian of Ma'afir (T. or its 
value) or its equivalent in c.othes. He who pays that to God's apostle tias 
tlm c-iit ut« nf GoJ i- ,1 1 lis apostle, and he who withholds it is thc cncmy 
(if Cioi.l aiio Hts apcstle. 

'The apostle of God, Muhammad the prophet, has sent to Zur'a Dhu 
"it/jiti, \Mj,ii my messenger Mu'adh b. Jabal, and 'Abdullah b. Zayd, 
and Maiik b. 'Ubida, and 'Uqba b, Nirnr, and Milik b. Murra and their 

mend them to your good oliiccs. tiolleot thc 



.tim, .t 






luadhb.Jabal, :„,d lot l.it, . 



Theirlcadcrh 

he is His servant and apostle. 

'Malik b. Murra al-Rahav,I has told me that you wer 
Him.ar lo ncc-c-|it Islam and have killed thc polyihc-ists, tuicl 
you and order you to trcat Hiniyar wcll aud not to bc false an 
for the apostle of God is the friend both of your poor and y. 



iiiy 



Ive sent to you some of the best of my people, religious and learned rm 
T order you to treat them well, for they must be respected, ! Pei 
m you and the mercy and blessings of God.' 



'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that he waa told that when the apostle sent 
Muadh he gave him instructions and orders and then said: Deat gently 

going to one of the people with scripture who will ask you ahout the key 
of heaven. Say to them il is the wjtneds that there u no God but Alkh, 
Who has no partner. Mu'adh went off tc- the Yaman and did as he was 
ordered and a woman came to him and said, 'O companion of God'a 



his claims as best you can.' She said, 'By God, if you are the comp; 
of God's apostle you must know what rights a husband has over his i 
He said, 'If you were to go back and nnd him with his nostrils rui 



f„!n[ 



clan of Nu&tha sent to 

of the Arabs lying near thc Byzan 

inand the surrounding land of Syria. When 

t afcer him, caught him, and 




The Life of Muhammad 



ll.is SaJrrjl lieard that her husband 
Is by the watcr ui '^r i m m_ i i 

A camel whose mother no stallion e'er mountcd, 
Its branches shorn with sickles ? 
AI-ZuhrT alleged that when they brought him to crucity lnni hr said 
Teli the chiefs of the Muslims that I 
Surrender to my Lord my body and my boncs. 
Then thcy beheadcd him and hung him up by that water. May God ha 



to fight tl 



>. So Khalid se 



II ..::.„ 



Ishiru Y.iii v.il! k: sli[ll' sii 1 1 i l_- i:il .::: accepted Islam as they wi 
Khalid stayed with them teaching them Islam and the book of God and 
the sunna of HIs prophet, for that was what the apostle of God had ordered 
him to do if they accepted Islam and did not fight. 2 

Thcn kli.ilid «rnicto tiic apostle: In the name of God thi inpa io - 
ate, the merciM. To Muhammad the prophet the apostle of God. From 
Khalid b. al-Walld. Peace be upon you, O apostle of God, and God's 
mercy and blessings, I praise God the onlv God unto you. You sent me to 
the II- al-I.Iarith b. Ka'b and ordered me when I came to them not to 
fight thcm for thrce days and to invite them to Islam; and if thcy accepted 
it to stay with thcm, and to acCL-pt it ir.iiii iIjl-oi :i:il[ tcacli ihem ihc 
institutions of Islam, the book of God, and the sunna of His prophet. 












Thc apostle wrote to him with the same preamble as berore, saying: 

that the B. al-TI.in: toti ibught them and responded 

to yriur i.nitution to Islam ;:nd pronounced the shahada, and that God had 
guidcd them with His guidance. So promisc them good and warn them 

So Khilid came to the apostk with the dcputation of B. al-Hzrith, 
among whom were Qays b. al-Husayn Dhii M-Ghussa, and Yazld b. 
'ATid,.'i-M:itl5n, and Yazid b. al-Muhajjal, and 'Abduilah b. Qurad al- 
Ziy5di, and Shaddad b. 'Abdullah ai-Qanini, and 'Amr b. 'AbdulUh 
al-pibabi. 

WIil -.i tl.ei miiie to thc apostk he asketl who these pcoplc who looked 
like Indians were, and was told that they were the B. al-Harith b. Ka'b. 
When they came to thc apostle tbey said, 'We testify that you are the 
apostle of GDd and that therc is no God but Allah.' But he said, 'And I 
tistliy thai Ehen is no God but Allah and that I am the apostle nf AUah." 
Theti he said, 'You are the people who when they were driven away 
pushed forward,' and they remained silent, and none of tiem answered 
him. He repeatcd ; mg an answer, and 

the fourth tirne Yazid b. Abdu'1-Madan said, 'Yes, we are,' and said k 
four times. The apostle said, 'If Khalid had not written to me that you 
had accepted Islam and had not fought I would throw your heads beneath 
your feet.' Yazid answered, 'We do not praise you and we do not praise 

God who guided us by you.' 'You are right,' he said, and asked them how 
they used to conquer thtjse they fought in the pagan period. They said 
that they never conquered anyone. 'Nay, hut you did conquer those who 
fDught you,' he said. They replied '"" 



' II,: ,a 






as their It 

The deputation returned to their peopli 
or at the beginning of Dhu'l-Qa'da, and 
returr, thc apostle died. 

Now the apostle had 



right,' and he appointed Qays b. 






and the in: 



ct them 






onths aiter their 
m had returned 



The Life of Muhammad 



647 



ment from God anil I:is .tpu-iic. '■> ytm uiiti u:!ivv::, lic faithful to your 
.ittrct iut n;s.' The instructions of Muhammad the prophet the apostlc of 
God to 'Amr b. Hazm when he scnt him to the Yaman. He orders him 

pious and who do well ; a and he commanded him to behave with truth as 
God commanded him ; and that he should give people the good news and 
command them to follow it and to teach men the Quran and instruct 
them in it and to forbid men to do wrong so that none hut thc pure should 
touch the Quran and should instruct rnen in tl ' 
tions and he lenient to them when thcy hchave ; 
justice, for God hates injustice and has torbidden 
on the evildoers.' 3 Give ttien the good news of j 



ir privileges and obliga- 



30 that they may be ini 






and what God has ord, 
1 '„ 1, 1 1 n- le-ser hajj is th 



the greater hajj is the gi 

prohibit men from praying in one small garment uniess tt De a garment 
whose ends are double over their shoulders, and forbid men from squatting 
in one garment which exposes their person to the air, and forbid them to 
twist the hair of the head (T. if it is long) on the back of the neck; 1 and 
if there is a quarrel between men forbid them to appeal to tribes and 
tamilies, and let their appeal be to God ; they who do not appeal to God 
but to tribes and families let thcm bc smitten with the sword until their 
appeal is made to God; and command men to peruirin tl-e abliition„, thcir 
faces, and their hands to the clliu ■ ■ .- :i:.J tln feel Eo the ankles, and let 



ihyhrc:: 



in the af 



even when the night srpproaches not delaying it until the 
stars appear in the sky; later at the beginnmg of the night; order them to 
run to the mosques when they are summoned, and to wash when they go to 
them, and order th 1 1 1 1 !■ ' , i.u God's fifrh and what almsare 

L-njoined :in the Muslims from land — a tithe of what the fountains water 
(T. the ba'al waters) 5 and the sky waters, and a twentieth of what the 
buekct waters ; and for every ten camels two shecp ; and for every twenty 
camels four sheep ; for every fotty cow-s one cow ; for every thirty cows a 
buli or cow calf ; for every forry sheep at grass one sheep ; this is what God 
has cnjomeil uii ttic belicw-rs in the matter of alms. He who adds thcrcto 
it Is a merit to him. A Jew or a Christian who becomes a sinct -rt Muslim 



The Life o/ Muhammad 
s own accord and obeys the religion of Islam is a believer with the 
ligatlora. If one of them holds fast to his 
on he is not to be tumed (X. seduced) from it. Every auY 
le, bond or free, must pay a golden dinar or 
ho pcrforms this has the guarantee of God and His ipoitj 
tolds it is the eoemy of God and His apostle and all beUeyerj. 



IAYD AL-JUDHAMl 
al-Pubayb came to the apostle 



Rifa'a b. Zayd al.Judham! of 1 
during thc armistice of al-Huda 


To Rifa'a b. Zayd whom I 1 
joined them to invite them to 
forward is of the party of God 


When Rifa'a came to his pe 


then they went to al-Harra, the 



\i ocople and those who have 
lod and His apostle. Whosoever comea 
id His apostle, and vchosoever turns back 



B. Hanifa, ar 



IS MUSAYLIMA AL-IJANAJl AND AL-ASWAD 

. 'rna b. Habib and al-Aswad b. Ka'b aI-'Ans! 
ig the apostle's Ef( mjmi among the 

he second in San'a'. Yazid b. 'Abdullah b. 
.. "i js5r, <ir his brother Sulayman, from Abu Sa'!d al- 
I heard tbe apostle as he was addressing the people from 
'I saw the night of d-qadr and then I was made to 



>il my ar 

id they flew av 



. I interpreted it to mean these 
e man of al-Yaman." ' 
authority of Abu Hurayra said: 
not come until thn 
a prophet.' 



subject to Isiam to collect the poor-tan, He sent al-Muhajir b. Abu 
Cn,avKi h. al-Mughira to San'a', and al-'Ans! came out against him while 
'" ■■''•.. '1 h ubid, brother of B. Bayada al-Ansiri, he sent to 
i.iadramat.l. 'Adiy b. I.Iatim he sent to Tayyi' and B. Asad; Malik b. 
Nuwayra (808), to B. Hanzala, Thc poor-tax of B. Sa'd hc divided betwecn 



The Life af Muhamm 
two men: Zibriqan b. Badr and Qays b. 'Asim 
section; al-'Ala' b. al-Hadram! to al-Bahrayn, 
the people of Najran, to collect thc poor-ta: 



i charge of a 
ibO Talib to 



Musaylima had written to th. i . ' I V i.hma thc apostle of 

God to Muhanimi I ] ipnstli oi God. Pcace upon you. I have been 
made partner with you in authority. To us belongs half the land and to 
Quraysh half, but Quraysh are a hostile people.' Two messengers brought 

A shaykh of Ashja' told me on the authority of Salama b. Nu'aym b. 
Mas"ud al-Ashja'I from his father Nu'aym : I heard the apostle saying to 
them when he read his letter 'What do you say about it ?' Thcy said that 
they said the same as Musaylima. He rcplied, 'By God, were it not that 
heraids are not to be killed I would behcad the pair of youl' Then he wrote 
to Musaylima: Trmn Mubammad the apostle of God to Musaylima rhc 
liar. Peace be upon him who follows the guidance.' The earth is God's. 
Ile lets whom He will of His creatures inherit it and the result is to the 
pious.' 2 This was at the end of the year io. 



In the beginninn .v,.„!c prepared to make the pil- 

grmiatic iiiid i)r:h:rt-il thc men to get ready. 

'Abdu'1-Rahman b. al-Qasim from his father al-Qasim h. Muhammad 
from 'A'isha the prophet's wife told me that the apostle went on pil- 
grimage on the 25th Dhu'l-Qa'da (899). 

Neither he nor the men spoke of anything but the pilgrimage, until 
when he was in Sarif and had brought the victims with him as also some 
dignitaries had done, he ordered the people to remove their pilgnm gar- 
ments tm -pt those who brought victims. Tbat day my menses were upon 

guessing correctly what was the matter. I told him he was right and said I 
wished to God that I had not come out with him on the |ourn f thi 1 

He said (T. Don't do that) 'Don't say that, for you can do all that the 
pilgrims do except go round the temple.' The apostle entered Mecca and 
cccryoiic v. ho had no sacriScial victim, and his wivcs, took off r 1 1 . - pd K rim 
garment. When the day of sacriSce came I was scnt a lot of becf and it 
was put in my house. When I asked what it was they said that the apostle 
had sacrihced cows on behalf of his wives. When the night that the pebbles 



'1-Rahman and let me perform the 'umra from a 
■umra which f had missed. 

Jlt of ^Abdullah b. 'Umar from 'Abdullah, from Hafsa d 









:d hii V. 



c the pilgrim gar- 



what prevented him from doing the sa 
saiu : i nave sent on my viclims and havc matted 1 my hair, but 1 shall not 
be free of the ihrdtrt until I slaughter my victrms,' 
67 'Abduilah b, V hc apostle hsd sent 'Ali to Najrin 

and met him in Mecca when he was still in a state of ihram. He went in to 
Fatima the apostle's daughter and found her dressed in her ordinary 
clothes. When he asked why, she told him that the apostle had ordered 

remove the pilgrim garb as the 0ther3 had done. He said that he wanted 
to slaughter a victim as the apostle did. The apostle again told him to 
remove the pilgrim garb. He replied: 'I said when [ put on the pilgrim 
garb, "O God, [ will inyoke thy name over a victim as your prophet and 
your slave and your apostle Muhammad does." ' When he asked him if he 
had a victim he said that he had not, and the apostle gave him a share 
in his, so he retained the pilgrim garb with the apostle until both of them 
had completed the pilgrimage and the apo3tle slaughtered the victim on 
behalf of them both. 

Yahya b. 'Abdullah b. 'Abdu'1-Rahmin b. Abii 'Amra from Yazid h, 
Talha b. Yazid b. Rukana tolcl mttli ■ . 1 . 1 11 a:i:e from the Yaman to 
meet, the apostle in Mecca he hurried to him and left in charge of his army 
Dne of his companions who went and covered every man in the force with 
clothes from the linen 'Aii had. When the army approached he went 
out to meet them and found them dressed in the clothes. When he asked 
what on earth had happened the man said that he had dressed the men so 
that they might 1 I 1 ,tb the peopie. He 

told him to take off the clothes bdure they carne to the apostle and they 
did so and put them back among the spoil. The army showed resentment 
at their rreatment. 

'Abdullah b. 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. Ma'mar b. Hazm from Sulayman b. 
Muhammad b. Ka'b b. 'Ujra from hJ3 aunt Zaynab d. Ka'b who was 
18 married to Abu Sa'id al-Khudr", on the authority of the latter told me that 
when the men complained of 'Ali the apostle arose to address them and he 
heard him say: 'Do not blame 'Ali, for he is too scrupulous in the things 
of God, or in the way of God, to be blamed.' 

Then the apostle continued his pilgrimage and showed the men the 
rites and taught them the customs of their hajj. 2 He made a speech in 

' labbadlu is dpUined m the Nihiya -I Ibmil-Athlr is ■ sott of gum th.t is put on 0» 



TheLifeofl 

rinchhemadt thim | 1 1 1 I ,1 m 1 1 ( 

O men, listen to my words. I do not know whcther I sliall c- 
n this place again aftcr this year. Your bioocl ,11, d v..iji 
lacrosanct until you meet your Lord, as this d,iv uni] jhis ou; 
urLordandHev- "' 



I ,-1. 



toldyou. He who has a pledge let him return itto bim \chi» ( 11 1 m 

you shall not be wronged. God has decreed that there is to be no usury 
and the usury of 'Abhas b. 'Ahdu'1-Muttalib is abolished, all of it. AII 
blucitl shc-ii in tbe pagan period is to be left unayenged. Tlu- iirst chnm nn 
blood 1 abolish isthat of b. Rabi'a b. al-Hanthb. 'Abdu'1- M J bl ho 
was fostered among the B. Layth and whom Hudhayl killed). ft is the 

of ever being worshipped in your land, but if he can be obeyed in anytbing 

thmk of litllc jicinntiTiJ, sn bi-w:irc= of luni in your religjon. "PoStponement of 
a sacred month is only an excesa those who disbelieve 

ue nutkd : they allow it one year and forbid it another year that they may 
make up the number of the months which Gad has hallowed, so that they 
permit what God has forbidden, and forbid what God has allowed." 1 
Time lias completcd its cyclc and is as it was on the day that God created 



You have rights ot 









e Rajab of Mudar, 2 
rights over you. You 



have the right that they should not defile your 
not behave with open unseemliness. lf they do, God allows you to put 
them in separate rooms and to beat them but not with severity. lf they 
refrain from these tbings thcy have the right to their food and clothing 
with kindness. Lay injunctions on women kindly, for they are prisoners 
with you having no control- of thcir pcrsons. You have taken them only 
as a trust from God, 3 and vou have the enjoyment of their persons by the 
words of God, so understand (T. and listen to) my words, O men, for 
I have told you. I have Ieft with you something wiiich if you will bulci 

Gocl inni Jlic- practice of His prophet, so givc good hecd to wliat I sa_v. 

Know that eyery Muslim is a Muslim's brotber, and that the Muslims 
are brethren. [t is only lawful to takc irom a brother what he givcs you 




»5 Z The Lije af Muhammad 

I was told that the men said '0 Gad, yes,' and the apostle said 'O God, 

Yahya b. 'Ahbad I). 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr from his father told me that 
the man who used to act as crier for the apostle when he ms 011 'Arafa 
was Rabi'a b. Umayya h. Khalaf. The apostle said to him, 'Sa\ : O mcn, 
the apostle of God says, Do you know what month this is?' and rhey 
would say the holy month. Then he said, 'Say to them: God has hallowed 
your blood and your property until you meet your Lord like the sanctity 
ofthismonth Do • i . I , riv this is:' And they said 'The 

holy land' and he said the same as bcfore. Do you know what day this is > 
o and they said the day of the great hajj, and he said the same again. 

Layth b. Abii Sukym irorn Stiahr !). Naijshal, ,,1-Ash'ari from 'Amr 
b. Khirija told me: 'Attab b. Usayd sent me to the apostle an a matter 
while the apostle was standing on 'Arafa. I cirae to him and stood beneath 
his camel and its foam was htlling on my head. I heard him say: 'God 



,u 


assignedt 


cvcryon 


his due 


"'TW 




i,v,„. 




lawfu!. The chiid 


beloilgs 




bed an 


. thc :, 




led. Hew 




' 






hls f;,tl 






not his n 






sl, the , 






men every 


where. C 


.„i wiii . 
























' 


Abu Najlh told n 




when th 












thc I 








ifa isast 


tion, f When he stood c 


n Quzah 


on the 



Muzdahta hc said, 'This is the station and all al-Muzdalifa e 
Then when he had slaughtered in the slaughtering place in Miinl iie said, 
'This is the slaughtering place and all Mina is a slaughtering place.' The 
apostie completed the hajj and showed men thc nm, and laught tlii-rn 
what God had prescribed as to their hajj, the station, the throwing of 
stones, the circumambulation of the temple, and what He had permitted 
and forbidden. It was the pilgrimage of completion and the pilgrimage 
of farewell because the apostle did not g D on pilgrimage after that. 

Then the apostie returned and stopped in Medina for the rest of Dhu '1- 
Hijja, Muharram, and Safar. Hc ordered the peDple to makc an expedition 



th.) 



ig them to Islam in 



,ii Hablb al-Misrl to 

cauntries and kings of the Arabs an 
companions when he sent them. 
al-Zuhri (T. with a — — 



l:'Godht 



nt that the « 



ent it to Muhammad b. Shi 
i af his) and he recognized it. 



a mercy to all men, so take a message from me, 
(Jod have merrry on you. Do not hang back from me' as the disciples 
hung back from Jesus son of Mary.' They asked Iidw they had hung back 
and he said, 'He called them to a task similar to that to which I have called 
you. Those who had to go a short journey were pleased and accepted; 

g ,r I ', , ii. 1 1 i t thcm to God, (T. FrDm that very night) 
every one Df them was able to speak thc language of the people to whom he 
: d 'This is a thing which God has determined that 






<>■') 



m of Mary sent, both disciples and those who 
came after them, in the land were : Peter the disciple and Paul with him, 
(Paul belonged to the lollowers and was not a disciple) to Rome ; Andrew 
and Matthew to the land of the cannibals ; Thomas to the land of Eabel 
which i! in the land of the east; Philip to Carthage which is Africa; John 
to Ephesus the city of the young men of the cave; James to Jerusalem which 
is Aelia the city oi llir •.:i!u-tn:ir\ ; Bai ■iholomew to Arabia which is the 
l-ind of thc l:ijaz; Simon to rhc inru! i,f the Bcrbers; Judah who l 
one of the disciples was put in the place of Judas. 3 

(T. Then the apostle divided his companions and sent Sallt b. 'Amr b 
'Abdu -::,uus \i. 'Abdu Wudd. brother of B. 'Anur b. Lu'ayy, tn Iljiklli; 
h. 'Ali niler of al-Yanwma; sl-'AH' b. al-HadramT to al-Mundhir b. 
Sawa, brother of B. 'Abdu'l-Qays, ruler of a!-Bahrayn ; 'Amr b. al-' As to 
Jayiiir h. Julanda and 'Abbad his brDther the Asdis, rulers of 'Uman; 
Hatib b. Abii Balta'a to the Muqauqis mler of Alesandria. He handed 
over to him the apostle's letter and the Muqauqis gave to the apostle 
four slave girls, one of whom was Mary mother of Ibrahlm the apostle's 
son ; Dihya b. Klialifa al-Kalbl al-Khazraji he sent to Caesar, who was 
Heracliu Im; et Rome. When he came to him with the apostle's letter 
he looked at it and then put it between his thighs and his rths.} 1 

(T. Ihn Shihiib al-Zuliri from 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utba b. 



The Life of Muhammad 



Mas'ud from 'Abdullah 
apostle had shut us in V 



i, iruin 



lt people ai 



Ahii SritYiin b. Harb told me, 

1 Uk- war hetween us and the 

'ere stale. When there was an 

rre that we should be safe, So I went out 

1 a number of Quraysh merchants to Syria making for Gaza. We gut 

.' whcT, I lui.iL lilj:- liail ...::,::k:_d rh.: ! \ rsians wln. ... L -re in his territory 

thera hisgrcal C-osa which they 

plundered. When he had thus got the better of thcm anci hcard that 



d becn 



nnished praying therc 

ofthenightIsawth, 
said that thcy did not 



; on foot in thanks to God for what He had restoi 
pray in the holy city.' Carpets were sprcad foi 
:re thrown on theiu. Whcn iic canic to .-.elia :mc 
with his patricians and the Roman nohles he be 

I thj> mjrnmg, bking," H. said, "Yes, 






iK:isr.l ,,, 



" Thcy 



a people who circumcised th 
the Jews and they were under his sovereigntv. They recommended him 
to send orders to everyone of aulhnrity m his. dnmiiiions to behead every 
Jew r.nd ihus rul himself of his an__iety. And by God as thcy were trying 

ta induce him to do this, lo thc m, n ., ,, _ IS, -l , l jiiiĕ 

in leading a man i I ,1 rl , ,_ , , 111 1 i I hi. 

man, O king, is from the Arabs, periple of sheep and camels. He speaks 
ol' something wonder.ul that Iias hjripen_d n: his cmmtrc, so ask hlm 
about it." Accordingly the king askcd his lnterpreter to inquire whac hiid 
happened and the man said, "A man appeared among us alleging that he 
was a prophet, Some followed and bc_ieved him; othcrs opposed him. 
Fights bctween them occurred in many placcs, and I left them thus." 
When he had given his news the king told them to strip him ; they did su, 
and lo he was circumcised. Heraclius said, "This, by God, is the vision 
I saw; not what you say. Give him his ciothes. Be off with you." Then 
3 he summoned his chief of police and told him to turn Syria upside down 
until he brought him a man of thc people of that man, meanirig thc pro- 









.1 llte , 



-f police 

i.i in [he l.:i|iL 



md learning that 



:o honourable to lie and I I 






Tke Life of Muhammad 
o I did not lie tD riim. He said, "Tell me aboui 
isparagingly of his airair a 






you I 



."hutheto 



in hccd. 



asked about the character uf his folk 
weak and poor and young slaves and 
and nobles of his people .ollowed hin 



wbat !„• liked and he asked about his lineage among us. I told him it was 
pure; our bcst lincage. Thcn h. asked it any of his house had made the 

s.n::. ,-Lni::s whicis I,:' v. js cnpyinr;. Wltc-n 1 said .\nhc askcdiihepossessed 

iliis cJaitn so that we might return i: to him? Again I said No, Then he 
ers. I told him that tl,c; true the 
_ung women ; not onc of the elders 
Then he asked whether those who 
him or despised him and left him, 
and I told him that none of his followers had left him. Then he asked T. 1564 
about the war between us and him. I said that its fortunes varied. Then 
he asked if he was treacherous. This was the only question of his which I 
iuuiiii Ijuk with. I said No, and that while we had an armisticc with 
him we did not fear treachery; bot he piiil 110 jtteiition to what I said. 
Then he summcd up and said: "I askcd you about his lineage and you 
allegcd that it was pure and of your best and God chooses only a man Df 
the nohkst lineage as a prophet. Then I asked if any man of his family 
made similar daims and you said No. Then I asked if he had heen rohbed 
Df dominion and made this claim to recover it, and you said No. Then 
I asked you about his followers and you said that they were the weak and 

prophets in all agcs. Then I asked if his followcrs left him and you said 
None. Thus is the sweetness of faith: it does not enter the heart and 
depart. Then I asked if he was rreacherous and you said No ; and truly 
if you have told me the truth about him he will conquer me on the ground 
that is beneath my feet, and I wish that I were with him that I might wash 
his feet. Go about your business.' So I got up rubbing my hands together J, 1565 

, had become great in that the 
kings of the Grecks dreaded him in their sovereignty in Syria. The 
apostle's ktter with Dihya b. Khalifa al-Kalbi came to him saying, "If you 
accept Islam you will be safc; if you accept Islam God wiil give you a 
doublc re . . ard ; if you turn back the sin of the husbandmen 1 will be upon 

From al-Zuhri from 'UbajduUah from 'Abdullah b. 'Utba irom Ibn 
'Abbas, whD said : Abu Sutyan b. Harb told me practically the same story. 

Ibn Shihab al-ri . hishop in thetime 

of 'Abdu'1-Malik b. Marwan who told him that he knew about the affa_r 
of the apostlc and Heraclius and understood It. When the apostle 's ktter 
by Dihya came to htm he took it ;uul pi:t i- hclv:CL-n hi^ tbigha aTi.l i-.is 






he Life of Muhammad 



and telling him about what hai 
replied that he is the prophet wh< 
so follow him and believe in him. 
to assemble in a room and comm 
Then he looked down on them ft 
of them) and said: 'O Romans, I have brouglit you tugetht 



s no doubt about it, 
the Roman generals 
should be fastened. 



id thc ne 






ran to the doors to get out, but found them bolted. He ordered that they 
should be brought back to him, fearing for his life, and said; 'I spoke these 
words that I might see the nrmness of your religion in face of what has 
happcned, and I am delighted with what I ha\e seen of your I la n 
They fell down in obeisance and he ordered that the doors should be 
opened and they went off. 

A traditionist said that Heraclius said to Dihya b. Khalifa when he 
brought the apostle's letter: 'Alas, I know that your master is a prophet 
sent (by God) and that it is he whom we expect and nnd in our book, but 
I go in fear of my life from the Romans; but for thst I would follow him. 
Go to Daghatir the bishop and tell him about your master, for he is 

5 mine. See what he says to you.' So Dihya went and told him about 
what he had brought from the apostle and of his invitation to Heraclius. 
Daghatir said : 'Your master is a prophet who has been scnt ; w c know 
him by his description, and we find him mentioned by name in our 
scriptures.' Then he went and discarded his black clothes and put Dn 
' ilc iii' ind tDok his staff and went out to the Romans whn wcre in 
cliin-cli and said: 'O Romans, a letter has come to us from Ahmad in 
which he calls us to God and I bear witness that there is no God but 
Allah and that Ahmad is his slave and apostk.' They leapt upon him 
rd and beat him until he was dcad. When Dihya returned to 
told him the news he said: 'I told you that we feared death 
and Daghatir was greater among them and his word counted 



Heraclius 



From Khalid b. Yasar from one of the first pi 
Heraclius wanted to go from Syria to Constantu 
about the apostle he gathered the Romans together 
before you some matters which I want to carry out 
man is a prophet who has been sent ; we find him i 
him by his description, so 



,1 Syria: When 



The Life o/ Muhammod 
■abs when we are a people with a greater kingdom, 
[ a rber country!' He said, 'Come and I will pay 
rear and avert his onslaught and gct rest lYtmi w.i 
m.' They rephed, 'Are we to pay the law and insi^ 



stronger country ? By God, we will never do it.' He said, 'Thcn come and 
iet me make pcace with him on condition that I give him the land of 
Syria while be Jeaves me tbe land of Sha'm.' Syria with thcm nicant 
Palestine, Jordan, Damascus, Hims, and what is below the Pass of the 
hind u) Syrta/ w.hilr wltat was beyond the Pass meant Sha'm. They said, 
' Are we to give him the land of Syria, when you know that it is thc navel 
of Sha'm ? By God, we will never do it.' At this refusal he said, ' You will 
see that you will be conquered when yau protect yourselves against him 
in your proyince.' Then he got on his mule and rode off until he looked 
down on the Pass facing Sha'm and said, Tarewell for the lasr tinie, O 
land of Syria.' Then he rode off rapidly to Constantinoplc, 

The apostle sent Shuja' b. Wahb, brother of B. Asad b. Khuzayma, to 
al-Mundhir b. al-Hirith b. Abii Shimr al-Ghassani, lord of Damascus. 

(T. via Salama: The apostle sent 'Amr b, Umayya al-Damri to the T- '! 
Negus about Ja'far b. Abu Talib and his companions and sent a letter 
with him . . . 'From Muhammad the apostle of God to thc Negus al-Asham 
king of Abyssinia, Peace. 1 praise Allah unto you the King, the Holy, 
the Peace, the Faithful, the Watcher/ and I bear witness that Jesus son 
of Mary is the spirit of God and His word which He cast to Mary the 
Virgin, the good, the pure, so that she conccived Jesus. God created him 
from His spirit and His breathing as He created Adam by His hand and 
His breathing. I call you to God the Unique without partner and to 
His obedience, and to follow me and tD believe in that which camr to me, 
for l am the apostle of God. I have sent to you my nephew J,t : tar with n 
number of Muslims, and when they come to you entertain thtin witlujut 
haughtiness, for I invite you and your armies to God. I have BccompHsihed 
(my work) and my dve my advice. Peace upon all 

those that folIow true guidance.' 

The Negus replied: . . . 'From the Negus al-Asham b. Aljjar, Peace 
upon you, O prophet of Allah, and mercy and blcssing from Allah beside 
Whom there is no God, who has guided m 






,, !,,,, 



Lwhatyousuy. \Y<- know 
that with which you werc sem to us and we have entertained your nephew 
and his compariions. I testify that you are God's apostle, truc and con- 
nrming (those before you). I have given my fealty to you and to your 
nephew and I have surrendered myself througa him tQ the Lord of the 



wiil. m 






Tht Ufe oj 

> you my son Arha. I have control only over myself 
come to you, O apostJe of God, I will do so. I bear 



all perished,) 1 

72 (T. via Sakma. From 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr fram al-ZuhrI from Abu 
Salama from 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. 'Auf. 'Abdullah b. Hudhala brought the 
apostle's letter to Chosrocs and when he had read it he tore it up. When 
the apostle heard that he had torn his letter up he said, 'His kingdom will 
be tom in pieces.') 

(T- viaYazIdb.AbuHabib. Then Chosroes wrote id Badhan, who was 
governor of the Yaman, 'Send two stout fellows to this man in the Hijaz 
and tell them to bring him to me.' So Badhan sent his steward Babawayh 

71 who was a skilled scribe with a Persian called Kharkhasrah to carry a 
letter to the apostle ordering him to go with them to Chosroes. He told 
Babawayh to go to this man's country and speak to him and then come back 
and repDrt. When thcy got m far as al-Ta'if they found some men of 
Ouraysh in (wadi) Nakhb and inimired about him. Thcy told them that he 
was in Medina. They reJDiced at meeting these men, saying, "This is 
good news, for Chosroes king of kings is moved against the man and you 
wi!I be rid of him,' 

The two mcn came tg the apostle and Babawayh told him that Shahan- 
shah king of kings Chosroes had written to the goyemor 1 Badhan ordering 
him to send men to bring him to him and that they had been sent to take 
him away, If be obeyed, Badhan would write to the king of kings on his 
behalf and keep him from him ; but if he refused to come he knew what 
sort of man he was : he would destroy his people and lay waste hU country. 
They had come in to the apostle's presence with shaven beards and long 
moustaches, so that he could not bear to look at them. He advanced on 
them and said, 'Who ordered you to do this?' To which they replied, 
'Our Lord' meaning Chosroes. The apostle answered, 'But my Lord 

Then he told them to come back in the morning. 

News came from heaven to the apostle to the effcct that God had given 
Shirawayh power over his father Chosroes and he had killed him on a 

moned them and told them. They said : ' Do you know what you are saying ? 
We can take revenge on you. What is easier? Shall we write this as from 
you and tell the king of it ?' He said, ' Yes, tell him that rrom me and tell 



cd T- <SJ4. 4"=S7 






The Life of Mukammad 

t, "If yc 



iu already hold and appoint you king o\ , 
Yaman." ' Then he gave Kharkhasrah a girdle containing gold and silver 
which one of the kinga had given him. 

They !eft him and came to Bidhan and reported. He exclaimed, 'Thia 
is not the speech of a king. In my opinion he is a prophet as he aays. 
We wiil see what happens. If what he said is true then he is a prophet who 
has been sent by God ; if it is not, we must consider the matter further.' 
Hardly had he nnished speaking when there came a letter from Shirawayh 
id killed Chosroes because he had angered the Persians 



by k: 









. Ikm 



rethe 






that his men pledged their obedience 

. .' - i I t i >n sjid, 'Without di 
apostle,' and hc bccame a Muslim as did tbe Persian 

The men of Himyar used to call Kharkhasrah 'Dhu'1-Mi'jaEa' becanse 
of the girdle which the apostle gave him, because 'girdle' in thc Himyari 
tongue is mi'jaza. To this day his sons keep the nickname. Babawayh 
said to Badhin, 'I never spoke to a man for whom I fdt more respectful 
awc' Badhan inquircd, 'Did he have any police with him ?' He answered No. 



The apostle took part personally in twenty-seven (T. six)' raids: 
Waddan which was the raid of al-Abwa'. 
Buwat in the direction of Radwa. 
'\ sruivr:i [n the valley of Yanhu'. 
The first fight at Badr in pursuit of Kurz b. Jabir. 
The great battle of Badr in which God slew the chiefs of Quraysh (J. 
and their nobles and captured many). 

' >f Abu Sufyan b. Harb (T until he reached 



Qarqars 



d-Kudr). 



Ghatalin (T. townnk \;i . 

Bahran, a mine in the Hijaz (T. above al 

Uhud. 

Hamra'u'1-Asad. 

Banu Nadir. 

Dhatu'I-Riqa' of Nakhl. 

The last battle of Badr. 

Dumatu'1-Jandal. 



The Life of Muhammad 



ln of Hudhayl. 
Dhu Qarad. 
Banu'l-Mustaliq of Khuz2t'a. 

Ij |j : ya not intending to fight where the polytheists opposed hi 

Ktiaybar. 

Then he went on the accomplished pilgrimage. 

The occupation of Mecca. 

Htmayn, 



These were thirty-eight (T. thirty-five) in number (T. between the time 
of his coming to Mcdina and hi3 death). 'Ubayda b. al-Harith was sent 
to the lira-ei part (T. to the tribes) of Thaniyatu'1-Mara (T. which is a 
v dl ir tlu : lijw.) ; TlainM b. ' Abd j'1-Muttalib to the coast in the direction 
of il- % (Sonw people date Hamza's raid before that of Ubayda); Sa'd 
h. Abu Waqqis to al-Kharrar (T. in the Hijaz); 'AbduUah b. Jahsh to 
Nakhla ; Zayd b. Haritha to al-Qarda (T- a well in Najd) ; Muhammad b. 
: Marthad b. Abii Marthad al- 
Ghanawl to al-Raji' ; al-Mundhir b. 'Amr to Bi'r Ma'flna ; Abu 'Ubayda b. 
al-Jarrih to Dhu'l-Qassa on the Iraq road ; 'Umar b. al-Khattab to Turba 
in the B. 'Amir country; 'AIT b. Abu Talib to the Yaman; GhSlib b. 
'Abdullah al-Kalbi, the Kalb of Layth, to al-Kadid wheie he smote B. 
al-Mulawwah, 



Ya'qub b, 'Utba b. al-Mughira b. al-Akhnas from Muslim b. 'AhduUah 
4 h. Khubayb al-Juhanl from al-Mundhir from Jundab b. Makith al-Juhanl 
told me that the latter said: The apostle sent Ghalib b. 'Abdullah al- 
Kalbi, Kalb of B, 'Auf b. Layth, on a night raid in which I took part. 
He ordered him to make a cavalry raid on B. al-Mulawwah who were in 
al-Kadid. We went out and when we reaehed Qudayd we fell in with 
al-H5rith b. Malik b. al-Barsa' al-Laythi and seiied him. He said that he 
had come to be a Muslim and was going to the apostle. We told him that 
1M1 iiiit' ild not hurt him to be tied up for a night, and if 



The Life af Muhammad 66 1 

not we should make sure of him; so we bound him tightly anc 
in charge of a young negro and told him to cut off his head if h( 

neto(T. the valley of) al-Kadld at sunset. Wt 

I !eft them and went on until I came to a hill overlooking 



Iw 



.p and looked down at the camp; and by God as 

the hill which I didn't see at the beginnin 
of your gear is missing; perhaps the dc 
3he went to loak and told hi: 



mething black ■ 
day. Look and see if i 
dragged off something. 
missing. HethentoldL 
he shot me in the side. I pulled out the arrow and laid 
my place {T. did not mave). Then hc ibo 
' I pulied it out and kept my place. ™- - 


















ould ht 



lg go and get them 






We^gaye thei: ■ned down ^d went to slcep 

until their cattle retumed in the evening and they milked them and 
down quietly, and I. third of the night passed) and t 
attacked them and killed so: 



veoffthecattle. They cried ou 



ur heels and only 



(T. omits and has 'and we went on quickly until we passed by al-Harith') 
and we went on with the cattle and passed Ibn al-Barsa' an " ' 
and carried them along with us. Thc enemy werehar' 
the Wadi Qudayd was between us, when God se 
from whence He pleased, fot there were no clouds that we could see and ,■ 
no rain. It brought such water that none could resist it ar 
pass over. And there they stood looking at us as we drovc orT their cattle. 
Not one of them could cross to us as we hurried off with them until we 
got away; they could not pursue ns, and we braught them to the apostle, 
A man of Aslam on the authority of another of them told mc that the 
war-cry of the apost!e's companions that night was Slay! Slay! A ra)iz 
ima who was driving the cattle rhymed: 

Abu'l-Qasim refused to let you graze 

On luscious herbs which you amaie 

he colour of maize (901). 



With yellow tops th 



t; Abu'l-'Auji' 



•Sulami to B. 
killed; 'Ukkasha 



10 al-Ghamra; Abu Salami b. 'Abdu'] 

Th« ^hole p.asag< in T- 1598 1. diSm in pmnueolosy thou E h =101 in uailtr 



The Life of Muhammad 

M b. 'Urwa was kiUed there; 
slama, brother of b. Haritha, to al-Qurat:a' of Hawazin ; 
Bashir b. Sa'd to B. Murra ia Fadak; Bashlr b. Sa*d in the direction of 
Khaybar; Zayd h. Haritha to al-Jamum in B. Sulaym country; Zayd also 
to Judham in Khushayn country. So says Ibn Hishim, but al-Shafi'f 
fram 'Amr b. rjablb from Ibn Ishaq say 'in Hismi country'. 






ist told m 



thc affair that Rifa'a b. Zayd al-Judhamt when he came tn his people t 
the apost!e's letter uwiting them to Islam and they accepted it, was soon 
followed by Dihya b. Khallfa al-Kalbi who came from Caesar, iing of the 
76 Greeks, whom the apostle had sent haying with him some merchandise 
of his. When he reached one of their wadis called Shanar, al-Hunayd b. 
TJl and his son tjl of Pulay' a clan of Judham attacked I )i 
everything he had with him. News of this reached some of 'al-Duhayb of 
the kin of RifS'a b. Zayd who had become Muslims and they went after 
al-Hunayd and his son; al-Nu'man b. Abu Ji'Sl of B. al-Dubayb was 
among them. They fell in with them and a skirmish took place. On that 
day Qurra b. Ashqar aW?ifari of the clan al-Pulay' proclaimed his 
origin and said, 'I am the son of Lubna,' and shot al-Nu'man b. Abii 
Ji'Sl with an arrow, hitting him in the knee, saying, 'Take that! I am the 
son of Lubna.' Lubna was his mother. Now HassSn b. Milla al-DubavbI 
had been a fijend of Dihya before that and he had taught him the first 
sura of the Ouran (902). They reeovered what Hunayd and his son had 
taken and restotvd , went off and told the apostle 

what had happened and asked him to let him kill al-Hunayd and his son. 
The apostle sent Zayd b. Hlritha against them and that was what provoked 
the raid of Zayd on Judham. He scnt a torce with him. Glmrafan of 
Judham and Wa'il and they of SalSman and Sa'd b. Hudhaym set off when 
RIfi'a b. Zayd came to them with the apostle's letter and halted in the 
lava belt of al-Bajla', while Rifa'a was in Kura' Rabba, knowing nothing, 
with some of the B. al-Dubayb while the rest of B. Dubayb were in 
Wadl Madiin in the region of the lava belt where it nows to the east. 
Zayd's force came up from the direction of al-Aulaj and attackcd al-M5qis 
from the harra. They rounded up the cattle and men they found and killed 
- J ^- son and two men of B. aI-Ahnaf (903}, and one of B. 
B. al-Dubayb and the force in Fayfa'u Madan hcard of 
•a. went off, among those who rode with them being 
" a hotse belonging to Suwayd b. Zayd called al-'Ajaja, 
■ -m a horse of Milla's called Righal, and Abii Zayd b. 
—... ™ « uu U[ t^ned Shamir. They went on until they came near the 
army when Abu Zayd and Hassan said to Unayf b. Milla, 'Leave us and go, 
for we are afraid of your tongue.' (T. So he withdrew) and stopped near 



al-KhasIb. When 



and Unayf b. Milla on 



Tke Life 0/ Muhammad 663 

them. Hardly had they left him when his horae began to paw the ground 
and rear and he said (to it), 'I am more interested in the twD men than you 
in the two horses.' He let her go until he overtook them and they said to 
him, 'Seeing that you have behaved thus, spare us your tongue and don't 
bring us bad luck today.' They agreed among themselves that only 
Hassan should spcak. Now they had a word which they used in the pagan 
period which they learned one from another: if otie wanted to smite with 
his sword he said Burt or Thuri. When they came near the army the men 
came running to them and Hassan said to them, 'We are Muslims.' The 
nist man to meet them was on a black horse (T. with lance outstretched, y. , 7 , 
the tnan who displayed it had as it were fixed it on the withers of his horse 
as he cried, Torward, autstrip theml') and he advanced driving them. 
Unayf said 'Buri,' butrjassan said 'Gently.' When they stopped by Zayd 
b. Haritha Hassan said, *We are Muslims.' Zayd said, 'Then recite the 
iirst sira,' When he did sd Zayd ordered that it should be proclaimed 
through the army that God had declared their land sacrosanct except as 
regards those who had broken thcir covenant. 

HasBan's sister, thc \vifc .1! Aini \\ abr b. 'Adiy b. Umayya b. a!-Dubayb, 
was among the prisoners and Zayd told him to take her and she clasped 
him by the waist. Ummu'l-Fizr of Pulay' said, 'Are you taking your 
daughters and Ieaving your mothers?' One of B. al-Khasib said, 'She is 
(of) B. al-Pubayb and their tongue utters spells all the day long.' Some 
of the atmy heard this and told Zayd and he gave Drders that the hands of 
Hass5n's siater should be loosed from his waist and told her to sit with the 
daughteia of her uncle until God should detide what should be done with 
them. Sotheywentback. HefDrbadethearmytogodownintothevalley , 7 S 
whence they had come and they passed the night with their people. They 
sought their night draught of milk from a herd belonging to Suwayd b. 
Zayd and when they had drunk it they rode off to Rifa'a. b. 2ayd. Among 
those who went m AM Shamm5s b. 'Amr; Suwayd 

b. Zayd; Ba'ja and Bardha' and Tha'Iaba, sons of Zayd; Mukharriba b. 
•Adiy; Unayf b, Milla; and Hassan b. Milla, until in the morning they 
came up with Rif5'a in Kura' Rahba behind 1 the harra by a well there 
of Harra LaylS. Hassin said to him, 'Here you sit milking goats while the 
women of Judham (T. are dragged as) prisoneis. The letter which you 
brought has deceived them.' Rif5'a called for his camel, and as he began 
tosaddIeithesaid:'Areyoualiveordoyoucallthelivinf; H ,1 m i„ 
came they and he with Umayya b. Dafara, thc brother of the ^lain 
Khasibitc, departed early fromhehind l the harra; theyjourneicd For thrcc 
nights to Medina and when they entered it and caine to tlit- mos^uc a 
man lookcd at them and totd them not to make their camels kneel lest 
their legs should be cut off, So they dismounted, leaving them standing, 
When they entered the mosque and the apostle saw them he beckoned to 
them to advance ; and as Ri fa'a began to speak a man said, ' Apostle, these 



The Life of Muhammad 






iid, '( 



js to him who treats us well today.' Then he handed the apostle 
which he had written to him, saying, 'Take it, O apastle; it was 
>ng since but its yiolation is recent.' The apostle told a young 
ead it openly, and when he had done so he asked what had 
, and they told him. Three times he said, 'What am I to do about 
' Rifa'a answered, 'You know best, O apostle. We do not regard 
ik is right or the converse.' Abu Zayd b, 'Amr 



IS back th 



who ar 



9 regard." The apostle said that Abii Zayd was right and told 'Alt to ride 
with them. 'Ali objectcd that Zayd would not obey him, whereupon the 
apo?t]a told him to take his sword and gave it to him. 'All then said that 
he had no beast to ride, so they (T. the apoBtk) mounted him on a beast 
lieloiisriiig to Thalaba b. 'Amr called al-Mikhal and they went 01T, when 
lo a messenger from Zayd b. HBritha came on a camel of Abu Wabr calied 
aS-Shamir. They made him dismount and he asked 'Ali how he stood. He 
ptoperty and they taok it. They went on and 
fell in with the army in Fayfa'ul-Fahlatayn and took their property which 
li st pad from a woman's saddle. When they had 
nnished their task Abu Ji'al said: 

There'3 many a woman who scolds unkindly, 

Who but for us would be feeding her captor'8 nre 

Pushed about with her two daughters among the captivea 

With no hope of an easy release. 

Had she been entrasted to 'Os and Aus 

ld have prevented her relcase. 



Had sf 



■ould have dr 



itcr four nights, se< 
ith every hardened wamor Ilrte a ' 
□ur on the saddle of his swift cam 
ay every rbrce 1 in Yathrib be a rai 
>r Abu Sulayman when they meet 
he day you see the experienced wa 
is head turning as he nees away (9 



inMisr 
1 repetition of tbe journey. 
Yathrib in anger 



TheLifeofM 

Ward b. 'Amr b, Madash, one of B. Sa'd b. Hudhayl, was killed by one of 
B. Eadr (whose namewas Sa'd b. Hudhaym— T. and I.H.). When Zayd 
came he swore that he wonld use no ablution 1 until he raided B. Fazara; 
and when he recovered from his wounds the apostle sent him against them 
with a force. He fought (T. he met) them in WSdi'l-Qura and killed 
some of them. Qays b. al-Mtisahhar al-Ya'muri killed Mas'ada b. rjktkama 
b. Malik b. rf.udh.ayfa b. Badr, and Umm Qirfa Fafima d. Rabi"a b. Badr 
was taken prisoner. She was a very o!d woman, wife of Malik. Her 
daughtcr and 'Abdullah b. Mas'ada were also taken. Zayd ordered Qaya 
b. al-Musahhar to kill Umm Qirfa and he kiSIed her cruelly (T. by putting 
3 rope to her two legs and to two camels and driving them until they rent 
her in twD>. Then they braught Umm Qirfa's daughter and Mas'ada's 
son to the apostle. The daughter of Umm Qirfa belonged to Salama t 
'Amr b. al-Akwa' who had taken her. She held a positior «' •- 
among her people, and the Arabs used to say, 'Had you been r 
ful than Umm Qirfa you could have done no more.' Salam 
anostle to [et him have her and he gave her to him and he pl 
1 b. Abu Wahb and she bare him 'Abdu'1 






Ite, 



Qays 



al-Musahhar said about the killing of Mas'ada: 
ied as his mother's son would to get revenge for Ward. 
As long as I live I will avenge Ward. 
When I saw him I attacked him on my steed, 
That doughty warrior of the family of Badr. 
I impaled him on my lance of Qa'dabi make 
Which seemed to ilash like a nre in an open space. 



'abdullah b. kawaha's kaid to ] 

'Abdullah b. Rawaha raided Khaybar twice; on one occasion he killed 
al-Yusayr b. Rijam (905). Now al-Yusayr (T. the Jew) was in Khaybar 
nilicctir,- Ghatattr, 10 attack the apostle. The latter sent 'Abdullah b. 9* 
Rav.aha with a number of his companions, among whom were 'Abdullah 
b. Unays, an ally of B. Salima. When they eame to him they spoke to 
him (T- and made him promises} and trtoted him nell, saying that if he 
v.ou[d'i:omc to the apostlc hc would give him an appointment and honour 
him. They kept on at him until he went with them with a number of 
Jcws. 'Abdullah b. Unays mounted him on his beast ('!'. and he rode 
|„.|,mii hini umi •'< ihi ■ 1 11 l-Oanjara, about six rmlcs fron 
Khaybar, al-Yusayrchangedhis mind about goingto the apostle. 'Abdullah 



666 

petceived his jnten 



The Life of Muhammad 



is he waa preparing to draw his sword, so he 
:k him with his sword cutting orT his leg. Al- 
Yusayrhithimwili ,1 which he had in his hand and 

wounded^his head (T. and G D d killed Yusayr). All the apostle's com- 
impanions and killed them cxcept onc 



is fell upon their Jew 



:o the apostle he spat 01 



et (T, his beast). When 'Abdullah b. Una; 



i! di.j m. 



o 'AbduUah b. 'Atlk ra 



The apostlc sent him against Khalid, who was in Nakhla or 'Urana 
collecting men to attack the apostle, and he lulled him. 

Muhammad b. Ja"far b. al-Zubayr told me that 'Abdullah b. Unaya 
said: The apostle called me and said that he had heard that Ibn Suryan 
b. Nubayh al-Hudhall was collecting a force to attack him, and that he 
was in Nakhla or 'Urana and that I was to go and kill him. I asked him 
to describe him so that I might know him, and he said, 'If you see him he 
will remind you of Satan. A sure sign is that when you see him you wiU 
feel a shudder.' I went out girding on my sword until I came on him with 
a number of women in a howdah seeking a halting-place for thern. It 
was the tinre for artemoon prayer, and when I saw him I felt a shuddering 
as the apostle had said. I advanced towards him fearing that something 
i would prevent my praying, so I prayed as I walked towards him bowing 
my head. When I came to him he asked who I was and I aaswered, 'An 
Arab who has heard of you and your gathering a force against this MIow 
and has come to you.' He said, 'Yes, I am doing so.' I walked a short 
distance with him and when my chance came I struck him with my sword 
and killed him, and went orT leaving his women bending over him. When 
I came to the apostle he saw me and said, 'The aim is accomplished.' 
I said, 'I have killed him, O Apostle,' and he said, 'You are right.' 

Then he took me into his house and gave me a stick telling me to keep 
It by me. When I went out with it the people asked me what I was doing 



:. Ito 

why>'SoIdidso 
reaurrection day. There are 
So 'Abdullah b. Unays faster 
until his death, when he on 
shect and it was buried with 



to the apostle and ask him 

;n who will be carrying aticks then.' 
i his sword and it rematned with him 
hat it should be put in his winding 



«tpeditions; The raid of Zayd b. HSritha a 



b. Abu TaTib and 'AbduUah b. Rawaha to Mi 



The Life of Muhammad 667 

were kiUed; and the raid of Ka'b b. 'Umayr al-Ghifari to Dhatu Atlahin 
Sjlii 111 which he and a!l his companions were killed; and the raid of 
'Uyayna b. Hisn on B. al-'Anbar of B. TamTm. 



he apostle sent him to raid them, and he killed some and caprured others 
sim b. 'Umar b. Qatada told me that 'A'isha said to the apostle that sh 
ust free a slave of the sons of Isma'il, and he said, 'The c _ 









et frec.' 



irought to the apostle a deputation 
til they reached the apostle. Among them were Rabi'a 
b. Rufay'; Sabara b. 'Amr; al-Qa'qa' b. Ma'bad; Wardan b. Muhriz; 
Qays b. 'Asim; MaTik b. 'Amr; al-Aqra' b. Habis; and Firas b. Habis. 
They spoke to the apostle on their behalf and he Uberated some and 
accepted ransom for Dthers. 

AmDng the B. al-'Anbar who were killed that day were 'Abdullah and 
two brothers of his, sons of Wahb; Shaddad h. Firas; and Hanzala b. 
Darim. Among the wDmen who were captured were Asma' d. Malik; 
Ka's d. Ariy ; Najwa d. Nahd ; Jumay'a d. Qays ; and 'Amra d. Marar, 
SaJma d. 'AttSb said about that day; 
'AtBy b. Jundab ha 



. 



s hard to 



■mded th 






id their glory and prosperity disappeared (907). 






Ghalib b. 'Abdull;: I Layth, was on the 

B. Murra in which he slew Mirdls b. Nahik, an ally of theirs 
Juhayna. Usama b. Zayd and a ] 



him (908). Usama b. Zayd said : 'When I and a man of the Ansarovertook 
him and attacked him with our weapons he pronounced the shakdda, 
but we did not stay our hands and killcd him. When we came ta the apostle 
we told him what had happened and he said, "Who will absolve you, 
Usima, from ignorlng the confession of faith ?" I told him that the man had 
pronounccd the worda mereiy to escape death; but he repeated his ques- 
tion and continued to do so until I wished that I had not been a Muslim 
heretofore and had only become one that day and that I had not killed the 
man. I asked him to forgive me and promised that I would never kill a 
man who pronounced the shahada. He said, "You wiU say it aiter me,' 
Usima ?" and I said that I would.' 



Tht Lije of Muhammc 



Ylic ■ 



a. The apostle sent him to convoke the Arabs to war 011 
ci of al-'As b Wa'il was a woman of Bali, so the apostle 
sent him to them to claim their hclp. When 'Amr came to water jn the 
! 5 country of Judham called al-Salsal (T. Salasil), from which the raid took 

apostle sent him Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah with the tirst Muhajirs among 
whom were Abu Bakr and ' Umar. He told Abii 'Ubayda when he sent him 
not to quarrel. Now when he rcachcd 'Amr the latter said, 'You have 
come only to reinforce me.' 'No,'said Abu 'Ubayda, 'but I lia-.c ,nv sphcre 
of command and you have yours' ; for he was a man of easy gentle disposi- 
tion on whom the affairs of this world sat lightly. So when 'Amr insisted 
that he had come to reinforce him he said, 'The apostlc told us not to 
quarrel, and though you disobey me I will obey you,' to which he replicd, 
'I am your superior ottrcer and you are here only to reinrorce me.' 'Have 
it your own way,' said he, and 'Amr took the lead in the prayers. 

An informant who had it from Rafi' b. Abu Rafi' al-Ta'Iy who was 
Riifi' b. 'Umayra told me that the latter said: I was a Christian called 
Sarjis, the surest and best guide in the sandy desert. During the pagan 
period I used to buty water which I had put in ostrich shclli in larimis 
places in the desert and then raid men's camels. When I had got them into 
the sand I was safely in possession of them and none dare fo!low me thither. 
Then I wauld go to tbe places where I had concealed the water and drink 
it. When I became a Muslim I went on the raid on which the apostle 
sent 'Amr b. al-*As to Dhatu'1-Salasil, and I made up my mind to ehoose 
a companion, and selected Abu Bakr with whom I rode. He wore a 
Fadak cloak and wheneyer we halted he spread it out, and put it on whcn 
we rode. Then he (astened it on him with a padting-needle. That was 
the reason why the people of Najd when thcy apostatiied said, "Are we to 
accept as ruler tlic n an ■ ii tl i-Lr.i U'hei .pproached Medina 

16 on our return I toid Abu Bakr that I had joined him so that God might 
proltt me by him, and I asked for his advice and instraction. He told me 
that he would have given this even if I had not askcd, and told me to pro- 
claim the unity of God and not to associate anytliing n-.lh Hmi ; tu pi rform 
prayer; to pay the poor-tait; to fast in Ramadan; to go on pilgrimage; 
to wash after impurity; and never to assume authority over two Muslims. 
I told him that I hoped that 1 should never associate anyone with God ; 
that I would never abandon prayer if God so willed ; that if I had the means 
I would always pay the poor-tax; that I would never neglect Ramadan; 
that I wouid go on pijgrimage if I were able; and would wasb after impu- 
rity; but as to leadership I obscrved that only those who excrcised it were 
he!d in honour with the apostle and the people, so why should he exclude 
me from it? He answered, 'You asked me for the best advice that I could 



The Life of Mukammad 669 

give you, and I will tell you. God sent Muhammad with this religion and 
he strove for it until men accepted it voIuntarily or by force. Once they had 
entcrcJ it tiity were God's proteges and neighhours under His proteetion. 
Beware that you do not bctray God's trust in regard to His neighboura so 
that He pursuc you relentlessly 011 behalf of His protege. For if one of you 
were wTonged in this way his muscles would swell with anger if the sheep 
or camels of his protege had been seized, and Gad is more iaigry on behalf 
of thoa* iiniiiT iiis protection.' Thereupon we parted. 

When the apostle died and Abii Bakr was set over men I went to him 
and reminded him that he had torbiddcn me to assume authority avcr 
two Muslims. He said that he still forbade me to do so, and when I asked 
him what had induced him to assume authority over every Dne he said that 
he had no alternative ; he was atraid that Muhammad's community would 

Yazid b. Abu Habib told me that he waa informed an the authority of 
Itil said : I was in the raid on which the apostle 
sent 'Amr b. al-'As to Dhatu'1-Salasil, in company with Abu Bakr and 
'Umar. I passed by some people who were butchering a camel they had 
slaughtered. They could not dismember it, while I was a skilled butcher; 9&7 
so I asked them if they would give me a share ii I dividcd it between them, 
and when they agreed I took a couple of knives and cut it up on the spot. 
I took my share and carried it to my companions and we cooked and ate it. 
Abu Bakr and 'Umar asked me where I had got the meat, and when I told 
them they said that I had done wrong in giving it to them to eat, and they 
got up and forced themselves to eugurgitate what they had swallowed. 
When the army returned from that expedition I was the hrst to come to the 
apostle as he was at prayer in his house. When I saluted him he asked if 
I were 'Auf b. Malik the butcher of that camel, and he would say nothing 






al-ashja'I 



B. AL-ADBAT 



Yazid b. 'AbduAah b. Qusayt from al-Qa'qa' b. 'Abdullah b. Abu Hadrad 
from his father said; The apostle sent us to Idam with a numherof Muslims 
amang whom were Abu Qatada al-Harith b. Rib'Iy; and Muhallim b. 
11 , b. Qays. We set rorth until when we were in the valley of 
Idam (T. this was beiore the conquest of Mecca) 'Amir b. al-Adba? 
ai-Ashja'i passed by us on a camel of his with a meagre supply of provi- 
sions and a skin of laban. As he passed us he saluted us as a Muslim and 
we held ort from him. But Muhallim b. Jaththama attacked and kilied 
him an account of a quarrel they had had, and took his eamel and provi- 

ig us: 'O you who believe, when you go forth in the way of God 



cireumspectly and do not say to t 


me whc 


salutes you, 


"You are no 


iever," coveting the gain of this wo 








Ytuhammad b. Ja'far b. aI-Zubayr 


told n 


te that he heard Ziyad b. 


imayra b. Sa'd al-Sulami relating 1 


rom 'L 


rwa b. a!-Zubayr from his 


her from his grandfather who were 






ayn with the 


istle: The apostie prayed the noon 


;;rayer : 




te sought the 


tlter of a tree and sat beneath it in Hunay 


i '1 ',„ 


). Habis and 



apost 

, , b. Hisn b. Hudhayfa b. Badr went up to him quarrel!ing at„„. 
'Amir b. al-Adba( al-Ashja'5, 'Uyayna, who was at that time chief of 
Ghatafan, demanding vengeance for the blood of 'Amir and al-Aqra' 
protecting Muhallim b. Jaththama because of his pasition among Khindif. 
The quarrel went on a long time in the apostle's presence and as w 



i 'Uya : 



make his women taste the bun 
while the apostle said, 'No, bi 



il [ 



irning grief he made my w 

vill accept fifty camels as blood- 
retum.' He went on refusing the 
1 of B. Layth called Mukaythir, a short compact 
fellow (oto), and said, 'O apostle, the only thing ta which I can compare 
this man who has been slain in the beginning af Islam ts sheep who come 
with their leaders shot and the ones behind run away. Let the law of blood 
stand today and accept bloodwit later.' The apostle hfted up his hand 
and said, 'No, you must take fifty camels as blaod-money on this expedi- 
tion and fifty more when we retum,' and they accepted them. Then they 
said, ' Where is this feilow of yours that the apostle may ask God'$ pardon 
for him ?' Thereupon a tall thin man wearing a garment which he had taken 
to fight ! in got up and sat in front af rhe apostle. He admitted that he was 
Muhallim b. Jaththama and the apostle said three times, 'O God, pardon 
not Muhallim b. Jaththama.' He got up wiping away his tears with the 
end of his garment. As for us, we still hoped that the apostie asked for the 
divine forgiveness for him, but what we saw him do was what has just 
been said. 

One whom I have no reasan to suspect told me from al-Hasan al-Basri 
9 that the apostle said when he sat before him, 'You gave him securtty in 
God and then you killed himl' Then he said the words which have been 
quoted, and by God Muhallim died within a week, and the earth I swear 
rejected him. They buried him again, but the earth rejected him, and yet a 
third time the same thing happened. Worn out, his people made for twa 
heights (farming a narrow gap) and laid him out between them and then 
rolled rocks on him until they had covered him. When the apostle heard 
about this he said, 'The earth has covered worse than he, but God wants 
to give you a warning of what you must not do by what He has shown you.' 

Salim Abu'1-Nadr told us that he was inmrmed that 'Uyayna b. Hisn 
and Qays were addressed privately by al-Aqra' thus: 'Yau men of Qays, 
you have opposed the apostle about a man slain when he wanted ta make 



TheLifeofM 

peace between people, Are you sure that the apostle will not curse you so 
that God will curse you with his curse, or that he will not be angry witb 
you BO that God will also be angry with you i I swear that unless you 

bring fifty men of the B. Tamim who will all call God to witness that your 
friend who was slain was an unfaeliever who never prayed at all and thus 
cause his blood to be disregarded.' 1 When they heard that they agreed to 
take the bloodwit (911). 

THE RAID OF IBN ABU HADRAD AL-ASLAMl ON 



:t told me from Ibn Hadrad as 



ould not 






m of B. Jusham b. Mu'awiya Called Rifi*a b. » 

Qays or Qa^s b. ]( terous clan of B. Jusham and 

encamped with them in al-Ghaba intending ta gather Qays to jight the 
apostle, he being a roan of high reputation among Jusham. The apostle 
summoned me and two other Muslims and told us to go to this man (T. 
and bring him to him or) bring news of him, and sent us an old thin she- 
camel. One of us mounted her, but she was so weak that she could not 
get up until men pushed her up from bettind, and even then she hardly 
managed to da so. Then he said, 'Make the best of her and ride her in 



We set forth taking our ar 
settlement in the evening as 
ordered my companions to'h 
themthatwhentheyheardm 



is until we arriyed n< 









enemy by surprise Dr to get soroething from them until much of the night 
had passed. Now they had a shepherd who had gone out with the animals 
and was so late in returning that they became alarroed on his behalf. Their 
chief this Rifa'a b. Qays got up and took his swDrd and hung it round his 
neck, saying that he would go Dn the track of the shepherd, for some harm 
must have befallen him ; whereupon some of his company begged him nDt 
to go aione for they -would protect him, but he insisted on going alone. 
As he went he passed by me, and when he came in range I shot him in the 

him and cut off his head and ran in the direction of the camp shouting 
'Allah akbar' and my two companions did likewise, and by God, shouting 



The Lije of Mukammad 
nother they all fled at once with theii 
T property aa they could lay hands < 
ber of camela and sheep and brought 



ily. We dl 

to the apos 

thirteen of the cz 



help me with the woman's dowry, ; 

'ABDU'L-KAHMAN B. 'AUF'S RAID ON DUMATU*L-JANDAL 

One whom I have no reason to suspect told me rrom 'Ata' b. Abu Ribah 
that he said that he heard a man of Basra ask 'Abdullah b. 'Umar b. 
al-KhatjJab about wearing the turban Aying loosely behind one. He said 
that he would give them information on the point. 'I was', he said, 'the 
tenth of ten of the apostle's companions in his mosque, namely Abu 
Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, 'Ali, 'Abdu'1-Rahmin b. 'Auf, Ibn Mas'ud, 
Mu'adh b. Jabal, Hudhayla b. a!-Yaman, Abu Sa'Id al-Khudri, and myself . 
Suddenly one of the Ansar came and saluted the apostle and sat down and 
asked the apostle wha was the most excellent of the believers. "The best 
in character," he replied. "And who is the wisest?" "The one who most 

comes to him. Such men are the wise." The man remained silent, and 
the apostle said to us, "O Muhajirs, there are five things which may befall 
you and I pray God that you may escape themr moral decay never openly 
shows itself among a people but they suffer from pestilence and disease 
such as their fatheis have never known; they do not use light weights and 
measures but they are smitten by famine and the injustice of rulers ; they 
do not hold back the poar-tax from their herds but rain is withheld, for but 
for the beasts there would be no rain sent; they do not break the covenant 
with God and His apostlc but an enemy is given power over them and takes 
much of their possessions ; and their imams do not give judgement about 
God's book and behave arrogantly' in regard to what God has sent down 
but God brings upon them the calamity they have engendered." 
'Then he ordered 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. "Auf to make his preparations for 
)a the expedition. In the morning he wore a black turban of cotton. The 
apostle told him to approach and unwound it and then rewotmd it leaying 
four ringers or so loose behind him, saying, "Turban yaurself thus, Ibn 
'Auf ( for thus it is better and neater." 2 Then he ordered Bilal to give him 
the standard and he did so. Then he gave praise to God and prayed for 
himself. He then said, "Take it, Ihn "Auf; fight everyone in the way of 
God and kill those who disbelieye in God. Do not be deceitml with the 
spoil; do nat be treacherous, nor mutilate, nor kill children. This is 
God's ordinance and the practice* of his prophet among you." Thereupon 
'Abdu'1-Rahman took the standard' (912). 






'Ubada b. al-Walid b. 'Ubada b. al-Samit from his father from his grand- 
father 'Ubada b. al-Samit told me: The apostle sent a force to the coast 
CDmmandedby AM 'Ubayda in t m, I i rn nl, j supply of dates. 
He began to ration them until the day came when he had to count them, 
and Snally he could give each man but one date a day. Onc da\ hc divid 



them . 



ilt the loss of them 



at day. When we were exhausted by hunger God brought us 
trom the sea, and n li-ll upon r ; . tksh and fat and stayed by it for twenty 
nights until we grew fat and recovered our strength. Our leader took one 
of its ribs and set it in the way; then he sent for our largest camel and 
mounted our largest man upon it ; he sat on it and came out fram under it 
without lowering his hcad. Ulien m- i-une to the apostlc we gave him the 
news and asked him what he thought about our having eaten the whale. 
He said, 'It was food which God provided for you' (913). 

(Ibn Hamid told us from Salama b. aI-Fadl from Muhammad b. T. '«7 
Ishaq from Ja'far b. al-Fadl b. al-Hasan b. 'Amr b. Umayya al-Damri 
from his father from his grandlather 'Amr b. Umayya that the last-named T. 1438 
said : After the killing of Khubayb and his companiuns thc apostle sent an 
Ansari with me telling us to go and kill Abd Sufyln, so we set out. My 

beast as far as the valley of Ya'jaj whete we tethered our beast in the 

should go to Abu Sufyan's hou e and I nl ili I 1 1 

kept watch. If there was a commotion or he feared danger he should talc 
to his camel and go to Medina and tell the prophct the news ; he could leave 
me because I knew the country well and was Beet-footed. When we 
entered Mecca I had a small dagger like an eagle's feather which I held in 
rcadiness: if anyoue laid hold of me I could kill him with it. My com- 
panion askctl that we might begin by going round thc Ka'ba scven times 
ouple o(rak'as. I told him that I knew 



thert 






in thc cv 



asily rccognizable th 



rinkled wi 



■. Il™ 






n passed by one of thcir groups ; 
cauea aut at the top of his voice, 'This is 
the Meccans rnsbed at us yinit, y C \i , has , 1,1 tm-r.ogo 

He has nevcr brought anything but evil,' for 'Amr was a violent unrul 
lcl];>v. in hcathea days. 

They got up to pursue us and I told my campanion to escape, for th 
Yciy ttiiny 1 tiaiLd ]i;;J happcncd, and as u, A:i,j Sniyan iIkic was :i 
means of getting at him. So we made on" with all spccd and climbed th 
mountain and went into a cave where we spent the night, having successfull 
cluded them so that they retumed to Mecca. When we entered the cav 



6 7 + Ths Life of Muhammad 

I put some rocks at the entrance as a screen and told my companion to 
keep quiet until the pursuit should die down, for they would seardt for us 
iiile we were in the 
cave up came 'Uthman b. Malik b. 'Ubaydullah al-Taym[ cutting grass 
for a horse af his. He kept cDming nearer until he was at the very entrance 
af the cave. I tald my friend who he was and that he would give us away 
to the Meccans, and I went out and stahbed him under the breaat with the 
dagger, He shrieked so loud that the Meccsns heard him and came 
wards him. I went back to the cave and told my f riend to stay where he . 
>t the sound and found him at 
last gasp. They asked him who had stabbed him and he told them I 
it was I, and died. They djd not get to knaw where we were and s 
'By God, we knew 'Amr was up to no good.' They were so occupied V 
the dead man whom they carried off that they could not look for us, ant 
we stayed a couple of days in the cave until the pursuit died down. Ther 
:o al-Tan'im, and lo, Khubayb's cross.' My friend asked if w< 












.o leai 



le for guards w <. _ _ r _ _ 
it. If he was afraid of anything he must go to his camel and tell the apostle 
what had happened. I ran up to Khubayb's cross, freed him from it, and 
carried him on my back. Hardly had I taken forty steps when they 
became aware of me and I threw him down and I cannot forget the thud 
when he dropped. They ran after me and I took the way to al-Safra' 
and when they wearied of the pursuit they went back and my friend rode 
to the prophet and told him aur news. 1 continued on foot until I loaked 
down on the valley of Dajnan. I went into a cave there taking my how and 
arrows, and while I was there in came a one-eyed man of B. al-D:l driving 
a sheep af his. When he asked wha I was I told him that I was ane of B. 
Bakr. He said that he was also, adding of B. al-Dil clan. Then he hy 
down beside me and lifting up his raice began to sing: 



Norhe 


be a Muslim as long 
d to their religion giv 


(to myself), 'Yo 
and snoring I go 


i will soon know!' an 
t up and killed him it 



is the badu was 

any man has been killed. I put the end of my bow in his sound eye, ther 
I bore dawn on it until I torced it out at the back of his neck. Then 1 
came out like a beast of prey and took the highroad like an eagie hasteninj 
until I came out at a village which, (said the narrator), he described ; theri 
to Rakuba and al-Naqf where suddenly there appearedtwo Meccans whom 
T. 1441 Quraysh had sent to spy on the apastle. I recognized them and called ar 
them to nntodl Eused I shot one and killed him, and 

the other surrendered. I bound him and took him to the apostle. 

Ibn Jshaq trom Sulayman h, Wardan from his father from 'Amr b. 









The 


Life of Muhammad 


*75 


Umayya: 'When I got to Medina I passed some shaykhs of the Aitsar 
and when they enclaimed at me some young men heard my name and ran 
to tell the apostle. Now I had bound my pr!3oner's thumbs with my bow- 
string, and when the apostle loakcd at him he laughed so that one could see 
his back teeth. He asked my news and when I told him what had happened 
he blessed me') (9,4).' 




SAL 




MAY K 'S 


EXP E DITION TO KILL AB 


'AFAK 


Ah 


'Afak 


" 


hlapostTe 1 


b. 'Auf of the B. 'Ubayda clan 
■ ihb. Suwaydb. 


Heshowedhis 
^amit and said : 






Long have I lived but never have I seen 
More faithful to their undertaking 





The apostle said, ' Who «I 1 . : .-. I I n 

Salim b. 'Umayr, brother of B. 'Amr b. 'Auf one of the 'weepers', 
forth and killed him. Umama b. Muzayriya said ccncerning that: 

You gave the lie to God's religion and the man Ahmad! 

By him who n > um he produced! 

A hamf gave you a thrust in the night saying 

'Take that Abu 'Afak in spite of your age!> 

Though I knew whether it was man or jinn 

Who slew you in the dead of night (I would say naught). 4 

'UMAYR B. 'ADlY'S JOURNET TO KILL 'aSMA' D. MARW. 

She was of B. Umayya b. Zayd. m t n AbE 'Afak had been kille 
disaSection. 'Abdullah b. il-H 
-hat she was married to a man of B. Kliatic: 
Zayd. Blaming Islam and its followers she said: 
I despise B. Malik and al-Nabit 
And 'Auf and B. al-Khasraj. 



Tke Lije of Muhammad 



Banii WS'il and B. Waqif and Khatma 

Are inferior ta B. al-Khazraj. 

Wheo she called for folly woe to her ii 



When the apostle heard whal <ffin will rid me of 

Marwan's daughter ?' 'Umayr b. 'Adly al-Khatml who was with him heard 
him, and that very night he went ti I ■ ■ i i " 1 L r. In the morn- 

ing he came to the apostle and told him what he had done and he said, 
'You have helped God ancTHis apostle, O 'Umayr!' When he asked if he 

Mi heads about her,' so 'UmayT went back to his people. 

from the apostle he sald, 'I have killed Bint Marwan, O sons of Khatma. 
Withstand me if you can; don't keep me waiting.' z That was the nrst 
day that tslam beeame powerful among B . Khatma ; before that those who 
w.ti Mu.dims concealed the fact. The first of them to accept Islam was 
'Umayr b. 'Adly who was called 'the Reader', and 'Ahdullah b. Aus and 
'habit, The day aiter Bint Maiwan was killcd tln: im-n of B. 



Klutn,; 






that the latter sakl: The apostk s cas alry wetit out and capturdd a i 
7 B. Hanlfa not Imowing who he "..;: until they brought him to the apostle 
who told them that he was Thumima b. Athal aI-Hanafi and that rhey 
must treat him honotirabiy in 1 ' 
house and told them to send wl 



o satisfy Thumama. The apostle wer 



t and morning; bnt 



The Li/e of Muhammad 677 

accept Islam. He said, 'Enough, Muhammad; if you kill me you kill one 
whose blood must be paid for ; if j ou want a ransom, ask what you like.' 
Matters remained thus so long as God willed and then the apostle said 
that Thumama was to be rcle.M d " 1 1 • -, 1 ' i 1 ■ r;n he went as far as 
then returned and paid homage 
to the prophet in Islam. When evening came they brought him food as 
usual, but he would take only a little of it and only a small quantilv of thc 
camel's milk. The Muslims were astonished at this; but whcn thc"aj,-istk 
heard of it he said, ' Wby are you astoitished ? At a man who at the begin- 
ningbf theday atc wiili a- uiibclii .vu : stomachandat the end of theday 
with a Muslim's? An unbeliever eats with seven stomachs: the believer 
with one only' (915). 



F 'ALQAMA B. MUJAi 

When Waqqas b. MuJMsis al-Mudliji was killed on ti 
Qarad, 'Alqama b. Mujazziz asked the apostle to aend hi 
of the people so t h geance on them. \ 

oroad b. 'Amr b. 'Akrama fron 
Hakam b. Thauban from Abii Sa'id al-Khudri said: Tl 
*A[qama b. Mujazziz, I being with the force, and when we t 






i,- f,>v: 






al-Sahml their leader. He was one of tbe apost*e's t 
fellow, and when they were on the way he kindle 
men : 'Have I not claim on your obedience so that if I or 

virtue of my claim on your obedience I order you to leap into this hre.' 
Some of them began to gird up their loins so that he thought that they 
would leap into the fire, and then he said, 'Sit down, I was only laughing 
at you !' When the apostle was told of this after they had returned he said, 
* — le orders you to do something which you ought not to do, do not 



•yiiirntnmad b. Talha said that 'Alqam 



Talha from 'Utl 


unan b. 'Abdu'1-Rahman that in t 


l.o raid < 




and B. ThaTjiba 


the apostle had captured a slave call 


sd Yasar, 










of al-Jamma'. Some men of Qays of Kubba of Bajlh 




the apostle 




epidemic and enlarged spleens, and 


tiia a;vai: 


letoldthem 


that if they went 


to the milch-camels and drank theit 


rnilk am 


1 urine they 



678 The Life of Muhammad 

would recoyer, so off they went. When they recovered their heaith and their 
bellies contractcd npostle'8 shepherd 

( i him and stuck thorns in his eyes and drove away his 
camels. The apostle sent Kurz b. Jabir in pursuit and he nvertaok them 
and brought them to the apostle as he returned from the raid of Dhu 
Oarad. He cut off their hands and feet and gouged out their eyes. 



While matters were thus the apostle began to suffer from the illness by 
which God took him to what honour and compassion He intended 
for him shortly before the end of Safar or in the beginning Df Rabi'u'l- 
awwal. It began, so I have been told, when he went to Baqi'ui-Gharqad 
in the middle of the night and prayed for the dead. Then he returned to 
his family and in ringn began. 

'Abdullah b. 'Umar from 'Ubayd b, Jubayr, a freedman of a!-Hakam 
b. Abui-'As, from 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As from Abu Muwayhiba, a 
freedman of the apostle, said : In the middle of the night the apostle sent 
for me and told me that he was ordered to pray for the dead in this cemetery 
and [ iiat ' was to go with hiro. I went ; and when he stood among them he 
said, 'Peace upon you, O people of the graves! Happy are you that you are 

darkness one aiter the other, the last being worse than the first.' Then he 
tumed to me and said, 'I have been given the choice between the keys of the 
treasuries of this world and long life hcre followed by Paradise, and meeting 
my Lord and Paradise (at once).' I urged him to choose the former, but 
he said that he had chosen the latter. Then he prayed for the dead there 

Ya'qub b. 'Utba from Muhammad b. Muslim al-Zuhn from 'Ubiiy- 
dullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utba b. Masud from 'A'isha, the prophet's wife, 
said: The apostle returncd from the cemetery to find me surTering from 
a severe headache and I was saying, 'O my head!' He said, 'Nay, 'A*isha, 
O my head !' Then hc said, 'Wcu i ■ were to die beibre 

me so that I might wrap you in your shroud and pray over you and bury 



The Life of Muhammad 



and they agreed (918). 



The apostle went out walking between two men of his f;uvii!> , <iih/ of 
whom was al-Fadl b. al-'Abbas. His head was bound in a cloth and his 
feet were dragging as he came to my house. 'Ubaydullah told this tradi- 
tion to 'Abdullah b. al-'Abbas who told him that the other man was 'Ali 
ut that 'A'isha could not bring herself to speak well of him though 



»). 






he suiTered much pain. He 



go out to the men and instruct them.' We made him sit down in a tub 
belonging to Hafsa d. 'Umar and we poured water over him until he cried, 

Al-Zuhrl said that Ayyub b. Bashir told him that thc apostle went out 
with his head bound up and sat in the pulpit. The first thing he uttered 
was a prayer over the men of Uhud asking God's forgiveness for them and 
praying for them a long time ; then he said, 'God has given one of his 

has chosen the latter.' Abu Bakr perceived that he meant himself and he 
wept, saying, 'Nay, we and our children will be your ransom.' He replied, 
'Gently, Abu Bakr,' adding, 'See to these doors that open on to the mosquc 
and shut them eicept one from Abu Bakr's house, for I know no one who is 

'Abdui-Rahman b. 'Abdullah told me from one of the family of Sa'id 
b. al-Mu'alII that the apostle said in his speech that day, 'If I were able 
to choose a friend on earth I would choose Abu Bakr, but comradeship 
and brotherhood in the faith remain until God unites us in His presence.' 

his head bound up until he sat in the pulpit. Ngw peoplc h;.. 
leadership of Usama, saying, 'He has puta youngman in command of the 
best of the emigTants and the helpers.' After praising God as is His due he 
said, 'O men, disp;;U i icize his leadership 

as you criticized the leadership of his father before him, he is just as worthy 
of the command as his father was.' Then he came down and the people i 
hunied on with their preparations. The apostle's pain became severe and 
■ I.I.'i tnditkn from 'A'Uha continuts. 



The Life of Muhammad 



n have 
iofAbyssini 



jught from that « 



why they had done that his uncle 
sara, we were atraia tnat you woula get pleurisy;' he replied, 'That is a 
' ' ' ' i >' rith. Let no one stop in the hause 

until they have been forced to taie this medicine, eicept my uncle.' 

apostle's oath, as a punishment for what they had done to him. 
19 (T. Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr told me from 'Urwa b. al- 
Zubayr that 'Aisha told him that when they said that they were afraid 
that he would get pleurisy he said, 'That is something which comes from 

Sa'id b. 'Ubayd b. a!-Sabbaq fram Muhammad b. Usama from his 

came down to Medina and he went in to the apostle who was unable to 

upon liiiti, from which hc knew that he was hlessing him. 

Ibn Shihlb al-Zii)iii tn!:.l rnt fro.n I.liayd b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utba from 
'A'isha that slre uscd to hcar tlu- apostle say, 'God never takes a prophet 
to Himsdf without giving him the choice,' Whcn he was at the point of 
dcath tlic last worti I licard the apostlc saying was, 'Nay, rather the Ettalted 
Companion of paradise." I said (to myself), Then by God he is notchoosing 
us! And Isinew thit 1 i.t I, r I u ,r cll u ium<h that a prophet 

does not dic without being given the chorce. 

'When the prophet became seriously ill he ordered the people to tell 
Abu Bakr to superintend the prayers. "A'isha told him that Abu Bakr was 
a delicate man with a weak voice who wept much when he read thc Quran. 
He repeated his order neverthelcsa, and I repeated my objection. He said, 



Ths Life of Mukammad 
"You arc likc ] . ' .--.-, tcll him to prc 

this task, because I kncw that people would never lik. 
1 h< ■ a p. .-1 le'a place, and would blame him G ir 1 -. t 9 y mts 



Harith b. Hisham told me fr<i.n his fat1icr f 
al-Aswid b. al-Muttahb b. %:«! that «nrn 
and I with a numbcr of Muslims was with hi 



ill callcd 



there was 'Umar with the people, but Abti Bakr was nat there, 1 told 
*Umar to get up and lead the prayers, so he did so, and when he shouted 
Allah Akbar the apostle hcard his voice, for he had a powerful voice, and hc 
asked where Abti Bakr was, saying twice over, 'God and the Muslims 
forbid that.' So I was sent to Abii Bakr and he came after 'Umar had 
nnished that prayer and presided. 'Umar asked me what on earth I had 
done, saying, 'When you told me to take the prayers I thought that the 

done so.' I replied that he had not ordered me to do so, btit when I could 
not sce Abii Bakr I thought tli.it 1 ■ . I 1 oi those present to 

preside at prayers. 

Al-Zuhri said that Anas b. Malik told him that on the Monday {T. 
the day) on which God took HIs apostle he went out to the peaple as they 
were praying the morning prayer. The curtain was lifted and the daor 
opened and out came the apostle and stood at *A'isha's door. The Muslims 

motioned tD them (T. with his hand) that they shou!d continue their 

and I never saw him with a nobler expression than he had that day. Then 
he went back and the people went away thinking that the apostle had 
recovered from his tllness M 11 1 I 1 1 1 ! itc in al-Sunh. 

Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. al-Harith told me from al-QSsim b, Muham- t< 
mad that when the apostle heard 'Umar saying Allah Akbar in thc prayer 
he asked where Abu Bakr was. 'God and the Muslims forbid this.' Had 
it not been for what 'Umar said when he died, the Muslitna wti.ild not 
have doubtcd that tbe apostle had appointed Abii Bakr l ' 



1 ;. 1 1 



m(to 






;r than I di 
an I did so 



r and 'Ura 



So 



the peoplc knew that the apostle had not app 

Abii Bakr b. lAbdullah b. AbO Mulayka told me that when the Monday 

while Abu Bakr was leading the prayers. When the apostle went out the 
people's attention wavered, and Abu Bakr knew that the people woutd not 



behave thus unless the apostle had come, so he withdrew from his place; 
but the apostle pushed him in the back, saying, 'Lead the men in prayer,' 
and the apostle sat at his side praying in a sitting posture on the right of 
Abu Bakr. When he had ended prayer he turned to the men and spoke 
to them with a loud voice which could be heard outside the mosque: 
'0 men, the fire is kindled, and rebellions come like the darkness of the 
night. By God, you can lay nothing to my charge. I allow only what the 
Quran allowa and forbid only what the Quran forbids.' 

When he had ended these words Abu Bakr said tD him: 'O prophet 
of God, I see that this morning you enjoy the favour and goodness of God 
as we desire; today is the day of Bint Khirija. May I go to her?' The 
apostle agreed and went tndoors and Abu Bakr went to his wife in al-Sunh. 

AI-Zuhn said, and 'Abdullah b. Ka'b b. Malik from 'Abdullah b. 'Abbis 
told me: That day 'Ali went out from the apastle and the men asked him 
1 1 how the apostle was and he replied that thanks be to God he had recovered. 
'Abhas took him by the hand and said, "Ali, three nights hence you will be 
a slave. I swear by God that I recognized death in the apostle's face as I 
used to recognize it in the faces of the sonB of 'Abdu'1-Muttalib. So let 
us go to the apostle ; if authority is to be with us, we shall know it, and if it 
is to he with others we will request him to enjoin the people to treat us 
wel!.' 'AlT answered: 'By God, I will not. If it is withheld from us none 
gnr it to us." The apostle died with the heat of noon that day. 

Ya'qub b. 'Utba from al-Zuhri from 'Urwa from 'A'isha said: The 

A man of Aba Bakr's lamily came in to me with a toothpick in his hand 
and the apostle looked at it in such a way that I knew he wanted it, and 
when I askcd him if he wanted me to give it him he said Yes; sa I took it 
and chewed it for him to soften it and gave it to him. He rubbed his teeth 
with it more energetically than I had ever seen him rub before ; then he 
laid it down. I found him heavy in my bosam and as I looked into his 
face, lo his eyes were tbred and he was saying, ' Nay, the most Exalted Com- 
panion is af paradise.' I said, 'You were given the ehoice and you have 
chosen, by Him Who sent you with the truth !' And.30 the apastle was taken. 
Yahya b. 'Abbad b. 'Abdullah h. al-Zubayr fram his father told me 
that he heard 'A'isha say: The apostle died in my bosom during my turn: 
I had wronged none in regard to him. It was due to my ignorance and 
extreme youth that the apostle died in my arms. Then I laid his head on a 
pillow and got up beating my breast and slapping my face along with the 

Al-Zuhri said, and Sa'!d b. al-Musayyib trom Abfl Hurayra told me: 
When the apostle was dead 'Umar got up and said: 'Some of the dis- 
arlected will allege that the apostle is dead, but by God he is not dead : he 
has gone to his Lord as Moses b. 'Imran went and was hidden from his 
people for forty days, reruming to them after it was said that he had died. 
By God, the apostle will return as Moses retumed and wiU cut off the 



Tke Life 

hands and feet of men who allege that the apostle is dead.' When Abu 
Bakr heard what was happening he came to the door of the mosque as 
'Utrnr was speaking to the people. He paid na attention but went in tD 
'A'isha*s house to the apostie, who was lying covered by a mantle of 
Yamani cloth. He went and uncovered his face and kisscd li, „ s j„, i; , 
'You are dearer than my tather and mother. You have tasted the death. 
which God had decreed: a second death will never overtake you.' Then he 
replaced the mantle on the apostle's face and went out. 'Umar was still 
speaking and he said, 'Gently, 'Umar, be quiet.' But 'Umar refused and 
went on talking, and when Abti BaJtr saw that he would not be silent he 
went forward to the people who, when they heard lus words, came to him 
and left 'Umar. Giving thanks and praise to God he said: 'O men, if 
anyone worships Muhammad, Muhammad is dead: if anyone worships 
God, God is alive, immortal." Then he recited this verse: 'Muhammad is 
nothing but an apostle. Apostles have passed away hefore him. Can it 
be that if he were to die or be killed you would turn back on your heels ? 
He who tums back does no harm to God and God will rcward the grateful.' ' 
By God, it was as though the peopk did not know that this verse (T. 
concerning the apostle) had came down until Abu Bakr recited it that day. 
The people took it from him and it was (constantiy) in their mouths. it 
'Umar said, 'By God, when I heard Abu Bakr recite these words I was 
dumbfounded so that my legs would not bear me and I Eell to the ground 
knowing that the apostle was indeed dead.' 

When the apostle was taken this clan of the Ansar gathered round Sa'd 
b. 'Ubada in the hall of B. Sii'ida, and 'Ali and al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam 
and Talha b. 'Ubaydullah separated themselves in Fitima's house while 
the rest of the Muhajirin gathered round Abu Bakr accompanied by 
Usayd b. Hudayr with the B. 'Abdu'1-Ashhal. Then someone came to 
Abu Bakr and 'Umar telling them that this clan of the Ansar had gathered 
round Sa'd in the hall of B. SS'ida. 'If you want to have command of the 
people, then take it before their action becomes serious.' Now the apastle 
was still in his house, the burial arrangements not having been completed, 
and his family had locked the doar af the house, 'Umar.said, 'I said to 
Abii Bakr, Let us go to these our brothers of the Ansir to see what they 

Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri from 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utba b. Mas'ud 
from 'Abduilah b. 'AbbSs who said, I was waiting for 'Abdu'1-Rahman 
b. 'Auf in his station in Mina while he was with 'Umar in the Iast pil- 
grimage which 'Omar perfarmed. When he returned he found me waiting, 
for I was teaching him to read the Quran. 'Abdu'1-Rahman said to me: 



684 Tht Life of Muhammad 

'l wish you could have seen a man who came to thc commander of the 

faithful and said, "O commander of the faithful, would you like a man 

14 who said, By God, if 'Umar were dead I would hail So-and-so. Fealty 
givcn to Abu Bakr was a hasty mistake and was ratiried." ' 'Umar was 
angry and said, 'God uilling, I shall get up among the men tonight and 
warn tbem against those who want to usurp power over them.' I said, 
'Don*t do it, commander of the faithful, for the festival brings together 
the riff-raff and the lowest of the peoplc; thcy are tlie oncs ii.hr> wiil bc in 

!o the majority in your proximity (T. yogr assembly) when you stand among 
the peoplc, Aiul 1 am iiItlihI les" you should get up and say something 
which they will repeat everywhere, not 






fo Medi 



1, for i 



of the people. (T. you will come to the home of the hijra and the sunna and 
you can confer privately with the apostle's companions both muhajirin and 
ansir.y You can say what you will and the la 1 1 11 1 11 1 . n - 

stand what you say and interpret it properly.' 'Umar replied, 'By God, if 
He will f will do so as soon as I get to Medina.' 

We came to Mcdina at the end of Dhu'1-Hijja and on the Friday I 

returned quickly when the sun had set and found Sa'id b. Zayd b. 'Amr 

tppori ■ ipiilpit and I sat opposite him knee 

to knee. Immediately 'Umar came out and when f saw him coming I said 

to Sa'id, 'He will say something tonight on this pulpit which he has neyer 

Je caliph.' Sa'id was annoyed and asked, 'What do 



you suppose that 
sat in the pulpit, and w 
was ritting and said : 'I a: 
has willed that I should 



y and f do not know whethe: 
derstands and heeds it let him take it wit 
ld as for hitn who fears that he will not ht 



;d God as 



(adult 



:.s) an 



y that I said it. God se: 






s go astray by neglecting an ordii 

stoning in the iwik n! Crid i, :i peiulty laid on married men and 
who commit aduhery, if proof stands or pregnancy is clear or coi 
Fs made. Then we rcad in what we read from God's book : "Do no 
to have anccstors other than your own for it is inlidclity so to do.' 



The Lift af Muh 



685 



Did not the apostle say, 'Do not praise me extravagantly as Jesus son 
of Mary was praiseii anJ say The senant and the apostle of God?' I 
have heard that someone said, ' If 'Umar were dead I would hail So-and-so.' 
Don't let a man deceive himself by saying that the acceptance of Abu 
Bakr was an unpremeditated att I I Vdmittedly it was 

that, but God averted the evil of it. There is none among you to whom 
people would devote themselves as they did to AbO Bakr. Hc who accepts 
a man as ruler without consulting the Muslims, such acceptance has no 
v»lidity for either of them: they are in danger of being killed. What 
happened was that when God took away His apostle the Ansar opposed us 
and gathercd with their chiefs in the hall of B. Sa'ida; and "AU and 
ai-Zubayr and their compantons withdrew from us; while the Muhajirlr 
gathered to Abu Bakr. 

I told Abu Bakr that we should go to our brothers the Ansar, so we wcnt 
off to go to them when two honcst fellows met us and told us of the con- 
clusion the people had come to. They asked us where we were going, and 
when we told them they said that there was no need for us to approach 
them and we must make our own decision. I said, 'By God, ive wiil gti 
to thetn,' and we found them in the hall of B. S5'ida. In the middle of 
them was a roan wrapped up. In answer to my inquiries they said that he 
was Sa'd b. 'Ubida and that he was ill. When we sat down their spcaker 
pronounced the ihahada and praised God as was htting and then con- 
tinued: 'We are God's Helpers and the squadron of Islam. You, 
Mnhajirin, are a family of ours and a company of your people have come 
to settle.' (Tmar) said, 'And lo, they were trying to cut us off from our 
origin and wrest authority from us.' 2 When he had hnishcd I wanted 10 






686 Tht Lifc of Muhammad 

6 speak, for I had prepared a speech 
I wanted to produce it before Abu B 
asperity of his; but Abii Bakr said, 'Gently, 'Ui 
anger him and 30 he spoke. He ■ 



?hich pleased me much. 



:asinglev 






did not like to 
edge and dignity 






er than I could have done. 
ae good that you have said about yourselra is deseiwed. 
11 recognize authority only in this clan of Quraysh, they 
the Arabs Ln blood and country, I offer you one of these 
two men : accept which you please.' Thus saying he took ho!d of my hand 
and that of Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah who waB sitting between us. Nothing 
he said displeased me more thati that. By God, I would rather have come 
forward and have had my head struck off— if that were no sin— than rule 

One of the Ansar said : ' I am therubbingpost and the fruitful propped-up 
palm.' Let us have one ruler and you another, O Quraysh.' Altercation 
waxed hotter and voices were raised unril when a complete breach was to 
be feared I said, 'Stretch out your hand, Abii Bakr.' He did so and I 
paid him homage; the Muhajirin followed and then the Ansar. (In doing 
so) we jumped on Sa'd b. 'Ubada and someom- 
I said, 'God kill him.' 

Al-Zuhri said that 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr told him that one of the two 
men whom they met on the way to the hal! was 'Uwaym b. Sa'ida and the 
other was Ma'n b. 'Adiy, brother of B. al-'Ajlan. Concerning 'Uwaym we 
have heard that when the apostle was asked who were those of whom God 
said 'In it are men who love to purify themselves and God loves those who 
purify themseh-es^the apostle said that the best man of themwas 'Uwaym 
-'-"i'a,we have heard that when men wept over the apostle's 
i said that they wished that they had died before hitn because 
:d that they would split up into factions, he said thst he did not 






ta die before hi: 



as dead as 



c- htld dc 






■ould be 



■. Mi'n 



Abu Bakr's acceptance i 

and spoke before him, i 

8 men, yesterday I said ! 



fT in the caliphate of Abii Bakr, t 

e authority of Anas b. Malik: On the 
the hall he sat in the pulpit and 'Ur 
ld after praising God as was meet ll 



tc day 



The Lije o/ Muhammad 687 

that by which He guided His apostle, and if you hold fast to that God will 
guide you as Hc g n.iirs in the hands of 

the best one among you, the companion of the apostle, "the second of the 

Thereupon the people swore fealty to Abii Bakr as a body after the pledge 
in the hall. 

Abu Bakr said after praising God : 'I have been given authority over you 
hut I am not the best of you. If I do well, hetp me, and if I do ill, then put 
me right. Truth consists in loyalty and falsehood in treachery. The weak 
amongyou shall be strong in nty eyes ttntil I HSCuK his right if God will; 
and the strong among you shall be weak in my eyes until I wrest the right 
from him. If a people refrain from hghting in the way of God, God will 
smite them with disgrace. Wickedness is never widespread in a people 
but God brings calamity upon them all. Obey me as long as I obey God 
and His apostle, and if I disobey them you owe me no obedience. Arise 
to prayer. God have mercy on you.' 

Husayn b. 'Abdullah toid me from 'Ikrima. from Ibn 'Abbas who said: 
'When 'Umar was caliph I waa ile he was intent on k 

busincss of his. We were alone and he had a whip in his hand, and as he 
talked to himself he swished the side of his legs with his whip. As he 
turned to me he asked me if I knew what induced him to speak as he did 
when the apostle died. 1 said that only he could know that, and he went on : 
"Itwas because I used to read 'thus we have made you a middle people 
that you may be witnesses against men and that the apostle may he a 
witness against you," and by God I thought that the apastle would remain 

they dtd. That was what induced me to say what I did." ' 



Whcn fealty had been sworn to Abu Bakr men came to prepare the apDstle 
for burial on the Tuesday. ' Abdullah b. Abii Bakr and Husayn b. 'Abdullah 
and others of our companians told jrte that 'Alt and 'Abbas and his sons 
aI-Fadl and Qutham, and Usama b. Zayd, and Shuqran freedman of the 

■imtstl, 1] 1 1.1 [ h L \tashinji t»f him; and that Aus 

Khauli, one of B. 'Auf b. al-Khazraj, said, 'I adjureyou by God. 'A!i, nnii 



by 



■■ 'Aligt 



down and was present at the wtishing of rln: Ltpostlit. 
on to his breast and 'Abbas and al-Fadl and Qutham tur 
along with him. Usama and Shuqran poured the water o\ 
'Ali washed him, having drawn him towards his breast. I li 
shirt with which he rubbed him trom the outside withaut 



apost!e's body with his I 



diii n 









• appeam 






Yahyj h. 'Abbid b. 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr f ., 

from 'A'isha: When they wanted to wash the apostle dispute arose. They 
did not know whether they were to strip liim of his clcihea as thcy stripped 
their dead or to wa i i l i I on As they disputcd God cast 

a deep sleep upon them so that cvery man's chin was sunk on his chest. 
Thcn a uiue csmc Iritm tiu i.i: .,.- knowing who it 

was; 'Wash the apostle with his clothes on.' So they got up and went 
to the apostle and washed him with his shirt on, pouring wak-r on ihc 
ji shirt, and rubbing him with the shirt between him and them (T. 'A'isha 
used to say, 'Had I known at the beginning of my ailair what I knew at the 
end of it none but his wives would have washed him'). 

Ja'far b. Muhammad h. 'AII b. al-Husayn from his father from his 
,i lallu-i \![ b al-Husayn, and al-Zuhri from 'Aii b. al-Husayn, said 
that when the apostle had been washed he was wrapped in ihrcc garru-nts, 
two of Suhar make 1 and a striped mantle wrapped the one over the other. 

Husayn b. 'Abdullah told me from Tkrima from Ibn 'Abbas: Now 
Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah used to open the ground as the Meccans dig, 
«nd AbtL Talha Zayd - 'i, i dig graves for the Medinans and to 
make a niche in them and when they wanted to buiy the apostle al-'Abbas 
called two men and told one to go to Abu 'Ubayda and the othcr to Abii 
Talhasaying, 'O God, choose tor (T. thy) the apostle.' The one sent to 
Abu Talha found I .„ dn< } he dug the grave with the 

niche for thc apostle. 2 

When the prcparations for hurial had been completed on the Tuesday 
he was laid upon his bcd in his house. The Muslims had disputed over the 
place of burial. Somc were in favour of burying him in his mosque, while 
others wanted to bur) him with 1, i ni im VI ", I jl i n I 1 heard 

the apostle say, "No prophet dies but he is buried where he dicd" ' ; so 

Then the people came to visit the apostlc praying ovcr him by companies: 
nrst came the men, then the wiomen, then the children (T. then the 
slavcs). No man acted as imam in the prayers over the apostlc. Tlie 
apostle was buried in thc middle of the night of the Wednesday. 

'Abdullah b. Abu Bakrtold me from his wife Fatima d. (T. Muhammad 
b.) 'Umara from 'Arnra J. 'Abdu'1-Kjhmiin b. Sa'J li. Zur,ira that Wislia 
said: We knew nothing about the burial of thc apostle until we heard the 
sound of the pickaxes in the middle of the Wednesday night. Ibn Ishaq 
said : Fatima told me this tradition. 

Those who descended into the grave were 'All and al-Fadl and Qutham 



The Life of Muhammad 689 

the sons of 'Abbas, and Shuqran. Aus implored 'Ali in the name of God 

others. When the apostle was laid in his gtave and the earth was laid over 
him Shuqran his freedman took a garment which thc aposilc used 10 •• rar 
and use as a rug and buried (T. cast) it in the grave saying, 'By God, none 
shall ever wcar it after you,' so it was buried with the apostle. 

Al-Mughira b. Shu'ba used to claim that be was the last man to be with 
the apostle. He used to say, T took my ring and let it fall into thc grave 
and said, My ring has dropped. But I threw it in purpoBely that I might 
touch the apostlc and be the last man to be with him.' 

My father lshaq b. Yasar told me from Miqsam, freedman of 'Abdullah 
b. al-Harithb. Naufal, from his frecdman 'Abd i[ h . ji [arith 
on the little pilgrimage with 'AH in the time of 'Umar or 'Uthman and he 11 
visited his sister Umm Hani' d. Abu Talib. When he had nnished his 
pilgrimage (T. I poured out) ablution water was poured out for him and he 
washed. When he had hnished some Iraqis came in saying that they had 
come to ask him about a matter on which they would like him to give thcm 
some information. He said, T suppose that al-Mughlra tells you that he was 
the last person to be with the apostle?' When they said that that was so, 
he said, 'He lies. The last man to be with the apostle was Qutham b. 

Salih b. Kaysan told me from al-Zuhri from 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah 
b. 'Utba that 'A'isha told him: The apostle wore ■ black cloak when he 
sutTered severc pain. Sometimes he would put it over his face, at others he 
would take it off, saying the while, ' God slay a pcople whochoose the graves 

On the same authority I was told that the last injunction the apostle 
gave was in hiswords 'Let not two religions be left in the Arabian peninsula,' 
(T- Thc apostle died on the uth Rabi'u-1-awwal on the very day thst he T 

in his migration.) When the apostle was dead the Muslims were sore 
stricken. I have heard that 'A'isha used to say, *When the apostle died the 
Arabs apostatized and Christianity and Judaism raised their heads and 
disalTection appeared. The Muslims became as sheep exposed to rain on a 
wintcr's night through the loss of their prophet until God united them 
"-- *')QBakr' (920). 



Hassar 






Tell the poor that plenty has left th> 
With the praphet who departed fror 
Who was it who has a saddle and a , 
My lamily-s sustenance when rain ft 
Or with whom can we argue withou 
When the tongue ruun ji\v:iy with r L 



The day they laid him : 
Would that God had nc 

itanu'1-Najjar were 
But it was a thing decrt 
The booty was divided to the < 
attered it openly ar 
Hassan also said : 



Khallld b. Qurra b 



IBN HISHAM'S NOTES 



id ai-Sadusi on the authority of Shayhi 
Ja b. Di r ima gave a slighriy different ve 
;Iy: Asragh-Arghu-Fahkh-*Abir and (1 



To onc like the apostle the praphet and guide 
Nor has God created araong his creatures 
One more faithful to his sojoumer or his pron 
Than he who was the source of our light, 
Blessed in his deeds, just, and upright. 
Your wives stripped the tents in mourning 
And did not strike the pegs behind the curtair 
Like nuns they put on garments of hair 
Certain of misery after happiness. 
O best of men, I was as it were in a river 
Without which I have become lonely in my th 



full account of cj vlj r> ih :.n :r l K- 



,, - . 1, 1 1 r. „., 

sluidh b. H:,m b. Nuh. 
12. The Arabs say HSjar and 

i 1 1 l i r i 
told me that the noostl.: snid: 



piupl:::'. c incubine wham the Muqauqis 



Untilth 



Tht Lift of Muhammad 
Yaman herause he took a wife among the Ai 
and tdopted their language. The Ash'ar 



Miroas who belonged to B. Sulaym b. W. 
Qays b. 'Aylan b. Mudar b. Nkiir b. IV 

i, 'Adnan who made a mock of Ghasaan 



they were named after it. Others say that Ghasaan is the name of water at 
al-Mushallal near a!-Juhfa,' asd those who drink of it and take their name 
from it are the tribes descended from Mazin b. al-Asd b. at-Ghauth b. Naht 
b, Malik h. Zayd b. Kahlan b. Saba' b. Yaahjub h. Ya'rub b. CJahtan. Among 
the verses of tf assan b. Thabit «1-Ansari— the Ansar being the tribes of Aus 
and Khazraj, the two son* of Haritha b. Tha'laba b. 'Amr b. 'Amir b. Haritha 



,. 'Abdullah h. al-Asd b. al-Ghauth. Others st 



i. Lakhm was thc ton ai Mjj I» :-! i ij.inh h. Murra b. Udad b. Zayd b. 

,.. I Amr b. 'Arib b. Yashjub b. Z*yd h K.thlan b, &**■. Othen 

y of 'Adiy b. 'Amr b, Saba', According to others Rabi'a b. Nasr b. Abu 

aritha b. 'Amr b. 'Amir. He remained hehind in the Yaman after 'Amr b. 

1 A rcading KtltW&b* gOI ihe UmC of yields & bctler hbm. 



Ibn Hishunis A ,),:.,' 












!h:it thw wuLiki nnt 1,-main if 






elandnfthe', 


U:l: uih:- ,vbii:b they pencltated, 




ms against them, bat the righting 


that 'AbMs 1 





The family of Jafna 



Aua and Khazraj in 
■■ and Azd 'Uman in 



iiseventGodrevealedtohi 
>Him. It is a goodly knd : 









rtofaI-'Arim.' J Thisla:ti 

na according to what Abii 'Uhayda toid me. 
Qays b. Tha'laba b. 'Ul 
Afsa b. Jaaila h. Asad 






Niz5r b, Ma'add. 
Al-A'sh;V (\l:i>,i:rii) !■. 
Pubaya b. Qays b. Tha'laba) wrote the 



The dams (that were breached) drsrroycd /Uiirih. 
(Himyar had built them of marble for them. 
When the rloods ms, hi,:!, the> «,,«! F:,s,. 



.. 1037. Yiqtlt, Mujam ol- 



They built dams ag 



■o (Before that a 1 r -,;,,:' [ ] b ] S daf had come to Tubba' 

I 1 I I ,u„i „1,.,,, I i 1 hid 1 r »tll TubiW asked 

king would nght with Tubba', 'N"o, but the king of Ghassan had a son whose 
kingdomwouldbesurpassedhyaman ofgre.it pi.t • . 1| d il, J.1, n ],t , 

would dispel darkii, !, Li Efow blessed his people 

— - c '\e sons of Lu'ayy of B. Qu ? ayy!' Tubha' sent for 3 
ned :!„m. and tbund thc detcjipEiOD of theprophet. 

1 from I. 'Abbas and some learned YamanT tr, 
was in Yaman in the territory of the Tubl 



Ibn Ishaq gleanec 



Jled Rabra c 

,1' I. Z,r,,! !,. S„i:i.' Wirl, l.i 
mr Dhu'1-Adh'ar I i o-usin 
ilt Samarqand an 



b. Irash b. Lihyan b, 'Amr 

b.Saba'. Another yersion 

is Irash h. 'Amrb. Lihyan b. al-Ghauth. The home of the Bajlla and KhauYam 



al-Mundhir. 



Ihn Hhhcaris Nata 
ne Yashjub b. Ya'ruh h. Qahtan. 






The exdusion bf his evil by the cjood he hast 
24. 'Amc b. Talla was 'Amr b. Muawiya b. 'Amr b. 'Amir b. Malik b. 
al-.N , 1 ,- . I ., I 1. , , . 11. ih.r, was d. 'Amir b. Zurayq b, *Abd . I l.lnthn b 
M.ilik b. Ghndb b- Jusham b. al-Khazraj. 



■'- TIlu rhyminc- words are not innected, 

7. In Bahrayn according to what a scholar told mi 

3. Another reading is UMbi libabi. 



From the 'Iraqi land wl 
jrdmeansacanal. The m, 



,1 I I >,l ,1 1, , 

Bahila being the son of Ya'sur b. Sa'd b. Qays b. 'Aylan— when he was in 



Ruling from Abyan to Najran ev 



means 'agreement'. The A 
If&' in poetry means 'coim 

Udd b, Tabikb- 



B. Sa'd b. Zayd Manat b. Tam 



A.Dh. in his commentary e 


Sura 38. 15 'Bring us our written iate miiddy\ 

[l C, hm 1 ctrtainly belongs to the t«ct because 
splicitly refers to it.] 


37. Thaq7f is Qasiy b. Mm 
b. Qays b. 'Aylan b. Muda 


r b. Nizr 


Batr b. Hawazin b. Tkrima b. Khasafa 
ir b. Ma'add b. p Adnan. 


38. Abii 'Ubayda the grai 
al-Khattab al-Rhri: 




quOted to me the verses of Dirar b. 


Returnir 
Cf. Sur» 3. 1«. 


a^£X-- 




10. Al-Wiqidi added: 








"SKItlSS 




em and our place of praj 


««.». 


This is as far as the genuine uxt go 






40. This ia as far as the genuinc bea 




'barbarians'. 


41 . The words 'not the cot 








in the singular, As to al-sijjil Yiinus the grammarian and Ab 


ba b. al-"Ajjaj 


A;id Jnr-l-j, Abr.brl, Mporr^d '.\ 


ners of the elephant weri 


:s mit ,e n . 



made of stone and ciay. 'A/means leaves (orshoots) ol "K-j 
not been cut; its singular is 'o?/a. Abu 'Ubayda told mc ii u Bbo a 
'usa/a and 'asi/a. He quoted to me the lines of 'Alqama b. 'Abada, or 
B. Rabfa b. Malik b. Zayd Manat b, Tamlm: 

The bed of the strtam is aised by the rush of w.t«. 



und in wort 



The words /id/u Qwayth mean 'their assembling thepamy to go tc 
Syria for trade'. They had two expeditions ; one in winter 

/1 AnslritcJ'- ' 
'«k/mthesamesense 



se colouring the rays of thi 



' 

-backed white-bellied (gazellcs) 
sun become clearly seen. 
Cf. Yaq. 4, P- *S5-] 



dudrika b. Ilyas b. Mudar h. Nizar b. 
Ina; 






yd, one of B. Asd b. Khuzayma 



milk walk or 



odes al-Kumayt b. Zayd said: 

The family of Muzayqiya" on the morn they met 
The Banu Sa'd b. Pabba were a thousand strong. 

/lo/also means the joining of one thing to another so that it adheres an 

43. Sayf i b. sl-Aslat b. Jusham b. Wa'il b. Zayd b. Qays b. 'Arnira b. Mari 
b.MUikb. al-Aus. 

44. This ode is also attributed to Umayya b, Aba'1-Satt. 

45. Abu Zayd al-Ansari quoied me his words 'Upon thc pssses', *c„ whir, 
occur in an ode of Abu Qays which 1 shj.ll reler to later, God willing. Th 
lamya Abu Yaksum spphes to Abraha. 

refer to latcr, God willing. 



The armies leading the elephant until 
He rurned them to dust haughty :k thev wcre. 
1 " l> n- r , i i ■ ,„, P 1 waswhen 
The leader of the foreign polytheists brought his trlephant: 
'Abdullah b. Cjays al-Ruqayyat, one of B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy b, C 
nentioning Abraha the split-nosed and his elephant, said: 
Split-nose bringing his elephant drew near 



Badhan sent Chosroes' letter to the apostle of God, who replied, *Cod has 

when Badhan got this letter he i. i .1 . ,1 I lnppsn sajing that 

if he were a prophet, what he said would come to pass. God killed Chosroes 
m, th. - .1 .1 v ... hah the prophet had named. He was killed by his son Shlrawayh. 
Khiliu !:>. l.liqq al-Shaybani said: 



1 'Ubayda told me that when Sayf. b. Dhu Yaza 



Zayd Manat b. Tamim, or a 
o me the verse 'The day that the barbarians 



\l-ZuhrTs»iJ:When 



reached Badhan, he sent word to the apostle 
of God that he and the Persians with him accepted Islam. His messengers 
said to the apostle of Gnd, 'To whom dtj we belong?' He replied, 'You are 
of us and related to us, the people of the house.' 

I have been told I .' '1 1 I I \,js then the apostle of God ssid, 

'Sjlman ls ,1!' us, the people of the houae.' 

Tliis is what Satih meant when he said: 'A pure prophct tu whom rcvc!a- 
tion will come from on high', and what Shiqq meant when hc said: (his 

from' a people of religion and virtue. Dominion shall rest among his people 

until the Day of Separation. 

56. Dhimar should be spelt Dhamir according to what Yunus told me. 



Khallad b. Cjurra b, Khilid al-Sadusi on the authority of Jannad, 
one of the leaii., :"ifa, told me that al-Nu'man b. 

Mundhirwas descended from Satirun 2 king of al-Hadr, a j 



:erofai-rlaJrbuiltit 
When the Tigris and Khabur were brought t< 
" narble and plastered it v 



Yet the fates did not respect it. 



Ibn Hisham's Notes 



and besieged the town for two years, One day the latter's. daughter, 
down from thc caade, had aeen Sabur in his silk brocade with his 
CrGWn inset with topajes, rubieS, Bnd pearls On his head, a iine Ĕgi 
rnan, and she sent secretly to ask him if he wouid marry her if she 
the gate to him. He agreed to do so. Night came and Saprun became dri 

his head and sent them with one of her freedmen who opened the gate 
Sabur came m and killed Satirun and gave al-Hadr to the soldiery 
destroyed it + He took away the girl and married her. 

myrtle leaf was iound m it. Sibiir asked dthatwas the cause of her wak 



'If this is the way yc 



, Kh«laf 


58. Also lyad, as 


hows. (It is also attributed to Abu Duwad ,.: - 
,. al-Hajjaj)- 






Of lyad b. Niiar b. Ma'add. 


Themotherof] 


Wudar and lyad was Sauda d. 'Akk b. 'Adnan, The mother 



50. The Yamanites and Bajila say Anmar is the son of Irash b. Lihyan b. 

' , T „r b il-< i.i'. , . I I , /1 I- ' J.in b. Saba'. Others 

suy lrashlj. 'Atu h. l.ih,vn. I: :il-(,b.u:li:. Thc Ilouu. ,f Tlajilaand Khath'am 



i 'Abdullah b. 'Amir; 



hers say 'Ahd al-Rahmin b. 



hought of al-Hadr when ira pcople prospered, 



A spoilt darling did not protect her fathei 

She bewayed her peopte for a night of lot 
ThinJting that the prince would man-y he: 



b. Sam b. Nuh— he saw thc people worshipping idoh 
]d whcn thcy prayed for rain they got it and when th 



it up and ordered the peDple to serye it and to yenerate it. 
more about"the poem from which this hne is taken later on, 
ialb is Ibn Wabra b. Taghlib b. Hulwan b. Tmiin b. al-Haf 



.:,.■.'.■ 



ir b. Miil h Zim1 h Kahlan b. Saba\Som 
i I), Aiisnla b. al-Khiyar; othcrs, Hamdln is 
!,. M.ll.k h. :,I-Khiv:,r [,. Maiik b. Zayd b. Kai~ 



The Life of Muharrwtad 

■Arar b. al-IJal h, Uujaa; 



tJS. I shall say more 

b, Malik b. Nasr b. 
Zahran b. al-Asd b. 



'Iknma h. Khasiihi b. Qays b. "Aylln. 
nanu ,v:,s Kbuwaylid b. Murra, 

liians' ]]".v::„s tinjsi m :,li::ii;, :, 
Rl .'!.:, b, uJ- Ajj.ij :il r,r,C of liis 



«ed by M,Q Khiriish al-Hudhali w 



Nay, by the lord of the birds who rest safcly 



hack to him. They arc ir. fa, i ihc t>™ sv., m [s wbich 'Ali had. 



76. The sccnnd half of the verse was t 
s:,i:l thtit al-MusltiuiThir b. Rabia h. Ka r 
liyed longct than any man of Mudar, sai 



Ibn Hishamis Notes 






b. Janab al-Kalb 
,. Ya'fur al-Nahshall, Nahshal bei: 

h, \B,. !,. Zavd ,\!;,„:lt h. Tamii 



And the temple Dhu'i-Shurufat of Si 



he Haml; there Ibn Ishaq is ris 



is wrong, except so far 



R.uiultb. «„bi -" I, ,r-„ld camel, 

Tamim b. Ubayy b. Muobil, one of B. 'Atnir h. Sa'sa'a, said: 

Tlicrcin is ,t,H rhmiilinL' uf rhe youngonager stallion 

Like Ibc prumblint; of rhc Diyiitl camcl m thc midst of the Bahirai 

, 1/ I ,1 IWastlai KVat/andH ni f, lui 

multitudc of Saiba is Smmib and Suyyab, and the plural of multituc 




The Ufe o/ Muhammad 
itha b. 'Amrb, 'Amr. ' 'luywm cali ,i Khuza'a because theyse] 

10 tayria. I hey settlcd m Marr al-Zahran> and , ■.,lr . >,-r... 

iib al-Ansari, one of B. 'Amr b. Sawad b. Ghanm b, Ka'b b. S< 

:hazraj in Muslim times, Baid: 

When we dropped down to the vale of Marr 
Khuza'a separated from us with troops of horsemen. 
They protected every va!ley of Tihama 

' J i I i i T i i i v i i, ,fB. ^Britha b. il 

I of Mecca, KhuzS'a 



ltm Hishajris Noles 



They 



ve dropped down 



They drove Jurhum from the vak 
Wrapped themsebes in Khuza'a's 

expulsion of Jurhum later on, 

83. The mother of al-Nadr and Malik and 1 
I I I L b Abdullah b. 



al-Ghitrif b. Azd Shanu' 



?d SriamYa beeause i:f 

nebornofhislineisaQu 
1. 'Atiyya, one of B. Kul 



No sire is nobler tl 



td al-Rahman, namely Kuthayyir 



lianu al-Nadr? 
ils of peculiar design. 



'Amr the tribe of Kuthayyir of 'Azza. 

85. He was not the ddeat son of Mudad. 

86. Jandala was the d. Frhr, and the mother of Yarbu h. hlanzak b. Malik 

b. al-Khatsii, the latter's name bemg Hudhayfa b. Badt b. Kil 11 1 ), Ai.t 

b. Kulayb b. YarbO' b. Hanzala, said: 

When 1 was angry the sons of Jandala 

In my deica .;.,,! 

88. Some say that al-Harith was a son of Lu'ayy, They are the Jusham b. 
sl-Harith among Hizzan of Rabi'a. Jarir said : 

Sons of Jusham, you belong not to Hizz5n. Relate 



is the knobs of anklets ai 



'Ukaba b. Sa'b b. 'Ali b. Bakr b. Wa'il of Rabi'a. Bunlna was • nurse from 
B. al-Qayn b. Jrai AsJ bi W abara b. 

Tha*labab. Hulur» Quda'a. Some say d. of al-Namir 

b. Qasit of Rabi'a; orhets say d. Jarm b. RabbJn b. HuIwSn h. 'Imnln b. 



7 o6 TheLiJeoj Wuhammad 

al-Haf b. Qutja'a. A!ao Khuzayma. They are the 'A'idha among 
b. Tha'laba. 'A'idha was a Yamanire woman, the mother o£ B. ' 
Khusayma b. Lu'ayy. 

The mother of all the sons of Lu'ayy ejtcept 'Amir was Mawiya 
b. al-Qayn b. Jasr, 'Amir's mother was Makhshiya d. Shayban b. 1 
b. Fihr. Others say Layla d. Shaybin b. Muharib b. Fihr. 
89. I have heard that one of his sons came. to the apostle of God, 
descent from Slma. Thc apostle said 'The poet?' and one of his con 
said: 'I think, apostle of God, you mcan the aayins 
Many a cup hast thou spilt, O b. Luayy, 



90. This is what Abij 'Ubayda quoted to mc from the p< 
i.e. Khasafa b. Qays b. 'Aylan, adding a line 

He also told me that Hashim said to 'Amir: 'Compose 
me and I will pay you for it.' Theteupon 'Amir compt 
which did not plcase Hasbim; he added the sr.:m,d v.'n 
to please him, and so with the third; but when he added 
slew the guilty and the innocent', he was satisried and rc 

Thh is what al-Kumayt h. Zayd meant whcn he said: 



.yl.sH ■■■ 



Thisverseoccuraint 



02. Zuhayr was one 


of B. Muzayna b. Udd 


b.Tabikhab, 


,1-Y: 


Others say he was th 


son of Abu Sulma of GhataSn, or ar 




0:. B:i: i,] nrc R 'Adiy b. Hrintjia h. 'Ainr h 


'Arnir h. H: 


itlla 


Qays b. Thalaha b. 


Miiin b. al-Asd b. a!-G 






Al-Kumayt b. Zayd 








Azd Shanu 




ith 




A crowd of 
















Nor did we 


tay, *Giv« us satisiaction.' 




They got the nam 


e Bariq because they w 


nt about in q 


uest 






Ibn Hisham's Notes 



■11 for the Ka'ba and s 






hir b. Wahb b. Nusayb b. 

ia diSered from them. 

[ 'Amr, Tumadir, Qiliba, 



h 'Ahdu M;,i:, r ,f h;,d fnur sims and fi\ 1: tl;L„j<iili.:r:,: 'Abdu'l- 
Asd, Abu Sayn, Nadla, Shifa', Khalida, pa'ifa, Ruqayya, Bayya. 

r t 1 , I T ,1,1 , Hi| - was SaliTB d Atnr b Zl\ J 
b. Haram b. Khidish b. 'Amir b. Ghanm b. 'Adiy b. al-Najjar 



M - , Milir, , llmld 'Amrb Tha'laba aI-Khazrajiya. 



:e name was 'Abdu ManaT), al-Zubayr, al- 
Dirar, and Abii Lahab (whose name was 



M:lUk h 'Arnr b. 'Amir b. Zayd 



pirirwas Nutayla d. Jai, 



The mother of 'Ahdullah, Abu Talib, al-Zubayr, and all the girls other 

- I I I 1 1 I M 

Murrab. Ka'bh. Lu'ayy b. Ghalibb. Fihrb,Malikb. al-Nadr. Her mothor 

Lkhmur d. 'Abd b. Qusayy b. Kilab b. Murra, &c. 



The Life of Muhammad 



The molhet of Abu Lahab was Lubna d. Hajir b. 'Abdu Manat b. 
Datir b. HubshTya b. Salul, &c. 

'Abduliah b. 'Abdu'1-Murtalib begat the apostlc of God :.': 

b. 'Abdu'1-Muttalib. May the blessing of God, His peace, His merey, and 
His grace he upon him and his family. His mother was Amina d. Wahb b. 
'Ahdu Manaf b. Kuhra b. Kilab b. Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ay 
I ,. i ! \Uik b. .1-Nadt Het raMlK* wis Barra d. 'Abdu'U'Uzza b. 
'Uthman b. 'Abdu'1-Dar b. Qusayy b. Kilib b. Murra, &c. Barra's mother 
was Umm HabTb d. Asad b. 'Abdu'l-'Uzza h. Qusayy, &c. Umm Habib'» 
mother was Barra d. 'Auf b. 'Ubayd b. 'Uwayj b. Adiy b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. 



98. Others spell the name Midaij 

99. AbQ 'Ubayda told me that ] 



i. Others say Hubshiya b. Ĕalul. 



Bccause Alkh united the tribcs of Khr hy him. 
i. These yerses are attributed to Zuhayr b. Janib al-Kalbi. 



Ibn Hisham's Notes 
s meaning of /ajar is 'gift', as in the lii 
Jamit b. Ma'mar has staryed my guest» 






■ Ile v 



er of Abu Jahm b. I.Iudhayfa. 



11. [Seep. iraWJ 

3 . *A'idh was b, 'Imran b. Makhzum. 

is stoty is a raja? \ t on poetry regards as genuine. 

5. MjirdJ: are mentioned in the iura of Mr*.,* ' 

: must suppose that dhawat is to be mentaJly supplied or we must take the 
imen to suckle them.] 

7. The mother of 'Abdu'l-Mu«alib was Salmi, d. 'Amr, the Najjarite, 



■ are quoted on the authoriry of Muhammad b. Sa'id 1 



. 'A'idh b. 'Imran b. \',\kh,:uin. 
:. Lihb belong to Azd Shanu'a. 






7 io TheLifeof_ 

war broke out between the Quraysh and their allies the Kinana ar 
'Aylan. The cause of it was that 'Urwa al-Rahhal b. 'Utba b. Ja'far t 
b. Habfa b. 'Amir b. §a'sa'a b. Mu'awiya b. Bakr b. Hawaiin had gi- 
conduct to a caravan of al-Nu'man b. al-Mundhir. Al-Barrad b. Qi 
of B. Damra b. Bakr b. 'Abdu Manat b. Kinina, said to him, 'Did yoi 

body else,' So 'U™ : rii the caravan and al 

also went out with the object of taking him off his guard. When hi 
Tayman Dhii Tilal in ihe high ground 'Urwa falled to post a gui 
al-Barrad leapt upon him and killed him in the sacred month : that 
the war was called sacrilegious. Al-Barrad composed the followir 



I destroyed thereby the houses of the Banu Kilab 
I lifted my hand against him in Dhu Tilai 



Tell the Banu Nnmayr if you meet them 
And the uncles of the slain, Banu Hilal, 
That the rrayeller al-Rabhal 33 dead 
Lying by Tayman DhQ Tilal. 

:o Quraysh saying that al-Banad had killed 't 




7. The apostle gave her as a dowry tw 



ther was Mariya the Copt. 'Abdullah r. 
m from Hafn in the province of Ansina. 



but epithets applied to 



the verse of L.i |ii 1 I l bout the battle of Jabala: 

This battle was bctween B. Hansala b. Mahk b. Zayd Manit b. Tamlm 

i 'II., . I ■. i P r .mer 'Amr b. 'Amr b. 'Uds b'. 

Zayd b. 'Abdullah b. Darim b. Malik b. Haniala fled, and Jarir said to 



The Life of Muhammad 



Onhi: 

We smote the head of Ibn Khuwaylid, 

Adding to the owls that haunt a man's grave. T 

Wc dyed the crown of Ibn Kabsha. 

The story of the batties of Jabala and Dhii Najab is too long to be deall 

135. Uahaq mcans rebellion and folly, as in the line of Ru'ba b. al-'Ajjaj; 
When fever makes the vicious came! mad. [Cf. Dtwdn xli. 4.] 



Theirtailsnicl 
The word is also 
shrp which you 



and they shudder when they fear they will be overtaken 

: sense: 'We feared that he would press hardly upon th 
ibeltd" (18. 79}; also, 'Do not treat me harshly for whi 



u Manal b. Kinana, brothers 



Foolish are the minds of the people who 
For the Banu Khalaf and the Ghayapl. 
Ghayatil is the name given to her sons among B. E 



\s they saddled their beasts with their cloths, 



m .\V. iSt,. 3 L?. iUJ.ttL.jr. 



rightly, thou being the best of judges' (7- 87). 

140. Qayla was d. Kahil h. 'Udhra t>. Sa'd b. Zayd b. Layth b. 

1, 111 ,'l 1 l .),.. l :,. tl. n th.r of al-A-rs and al-Khazraj. , 

Kollowing the traditions of thcir rathers as a duty. 

141. '[/ratcd' means trembling from co!d, and shuddering I 

142. There is a story about 'Uthmin which I cannot repe 



name was ' Amr I ■ ''"" Kin,ii '" N 

Kinda) b. Thaur b. Marta' b A 1 1 I M™ ^ ^d b 

Zayd b. Mihsa* b. 'Amr b. 'Arib b. Zayd b. Kahkn b. Saba . Others s.y 
Marta' b, Malilt b. Zayd b. Kahlan b. Saba. 
145. Anotber reading is: 'Piety preserves, not pride.' The words 'facing the 



-K ./ f" 






th the other gravestones (ajdaj), meaning ajdath. 
a rajaz poem of his, and thc verse nf Abu Tjlib tn an 

,11 mcntion, piease God, in the proper place. Abu 

'Ubayda told mc 1r.1t thc Arabs sik Jnmma instead of ihumma. 

me 'tr^GatoW™™ to *c™orffe and sakC 'Gi™Kh»dIj. greetings from 
her Lord.' Thc spostle said, 'O Khadija, Gabriel pr 
from your Lord." She replied, T ' ' 



b. Abu'1-Salt th 



Thac 



tc (Dm, 



Abu Khirash al-Hudhali said; 

The destitute wcnt to his house in 



ts nnding his way hy the barking of 



w'j NaUt 715 

Long will I grieve and fear for hjm! 

So long as I hve t.11 death comes to me. 

; could stay with him or if he preferred go »way with his father. He replied 

■ . 
od made him His prophet, when he believed in him, prayed with him, and 
:cime a Muslim. When God revealed 'namc them after their rathers' 
iura 33. 5) he said, 'I am Zayd b. Hariths..' 



iy and delayed not {'akama). 



JSo. Sonie add 'andTilib'. 

I5>- Zayd b. Haritha h. Sharahil b. Ka'b 

Qays b. 'Am.r b. al-Nu'man b. ; Amit ' " " 



Qays b. Am.r b, al-Nu'man b. 'Amir b. 'Abdu Wudd b 'Auf b Kinana h 

Bakr b. 'Auf b. 'Udhr. b, Zayd AlHt b. H 

7^^™±F™Z: \ K «™*- Ud " »» *™ Syri. ™» . P arty 



1 a young man. His a 

ihe liked. She chose Zayd and took hi 

duptcd him iis his snn. This was lntuit 



His father Hantha was cxceedin 
I wept over Zayd, not knowi, 



0, Hia name was Mihshim b. 'Utba b. Rabfa . . . b. Lu'ayy. 

1. Bahila brought him and sold him to al-Khajtah b. Nufayl who adopted 
am Waqid b. 'Abduliah,' according to what Abu 'Amr al-Madani said. 



an of Qasit b. Hinb b. Afsa b. Jadlla b 



w they stir up thoughts of 



bought from them. There is a tradition of thc prophet which runs : 'Suhayb 
164. $ada' means 'distinguish between truth and falsehood'. Abu Dhu'ayb 



Mufad. 86 3 . 17.] 
Ru'ba nl-'Ajjij said: 

Declaring the truth and drwing away the wrongdoer. 
t6s- Abu Sufyan's 11« was Sakhr. 

166. Al-'As b. Wi'il b. Hashim h. Su'ayd h. Sahm b. 'Amr b. Husays. 
167- I have left out two vemes in which he yiolently insulted him. 

169. 'Anid meaiis 'obstinate opponent* as in the line of Ru'ba b. a!-'Ajjaj : 

Wc were smiting the head of the ohstinate ('ujinad). 

170. bamra means "he hsd an angry expression' as in the words of al-'Ajjaj r 

describing a forbidding face. 



1. This i 



,.f ,h, 0, 



A man I can trust told me that jn a year of drought the people of Medina 
came to the apostle and complained of their trouble. He mounted the pulpit 
and prayed for rain. Hardly had the rain hegun than the people living in 
exposed districts came to complain that they were inundated. The apostle 
said: 'O God, round us, not on us!' Thereupon I 
from the town iteelt and eneircled it li_e a crown 
Al.fi ' Tilih «nild buth 




;. I.I. relates Abu Qays here to B. Waqif, whereas in the sf 
phant he is related to Khatrna, The reason 13 that the Arabs o 
nat. to the brother of his grandfather rf he hapj h 



>. "Abdu Man 11 r l I ... ' 1 thit "Utba was the son 
I. MansiSr. Am_ Q-Y- waa of B. WTil; Wail, Waqif, and Khajma are 
176. The line "tis as water poured at random', and theverse 'if you buy 
... by Abu Zayd al-Ansari and othcrs .4 5 to his 
words 'Know you not what happ.n,,! ,:, ■!,, v..„- oi :jr.h,s? Abr, l bayda 
told me that Dahis was a horse belonging to Qays b, Zuhoyr b. Jadh.ma b. 
Rawaha b. Rabi'a b. al-Hanth b. Ma_in b. Qutay'a b. 'Abs h.Baghid b. 
Rayth' b. Ghatsfan which he raced against 
b. 'Amr b. Zayd b. Ju'avya b. Laudhin b. 



re of Hudhayta t 
iba b. 'Adr- 
b.*Ba J ghid b. R_yth b. Ghatafin calh.d 

came in first When the rider of Dahis came in he told Qays what had 
happened, and his brother Mallk b. Zuhayr ROt up isnd skpped al-Ghabra' 
. _.i _f„.-„i t, Ti~A r <__ „n =md slapped Maliks tace. 



n 'Abs and Fs_ara, and Idudhayfa b. 
I. Qays b. Zuhayr was grieved and 1 



ut .-.;. al I l..ha-a there was a true knight. 

o weep for Hudhayfa; you will not mourn his 

tatil tribes not yet born shall have perished. 






rf Qays sa 






Hudhayfa's body 'mid the broken spears. 
W ny *« Q«y» racedthe horses Dlhis and .1-Ghabra', while Hud- 
accounc is the soundcr. 
i the apostlc's biDgraphy. 
to Hatib b. al-Harith h. 



b. al-Hlrith" 



:■■ h:«l k:l 



). 'Auf b. 



. arb. Harit 
al-Hlrith b. al-Khazraj knowt 
-al-Qaynb.Jt 



it.n 



night with a numbcr of B. Harith h. al-Khazraj and killed Hatib. Thus war 

rictory went to al-Khairaj. Suwayd b. Sarnit b Khalid b J| 1 1 , | 

b. Habib h, 'Amr b. 'Auf b. Malik b. al-Aus was killed by al-Mujadhdhir 
l>. DhiyM il-BaJawI tshose nimt was 'Abdullah, an ally of B. 'Auf b. 
al-Khazraj. Al-Mujadhdhir went out with the apostle to the battle of 
Uhud and al-Harith b. Suwayd went qut with bJ 



cr pk.ce 



athcr. (Ishall 



They are nothing but rnHated bones. 

182. Ratpm is the book in which their story was inscribed (raipmi 

The place of the inscribed volume (muraqqam). 

183. Sha(at means '«caggeration and going beyond what is right'. 
of B. Qays b. Thalaba said : 

They will not cease, nothing will halt the wicked 
But a thrust in which the oil and the wick perish. 
[i.e. a deadly wound. Ditcĕn, ed. R. Geyer, llviii. I. I, Ik 



hcrc]. 



e' fron 






177- A learned traditionist told me that the worst trearment that the apostie 
ii 1 '. ' . 1- .1 .1 ... rvone that met him, 

hee or s!nv. , called him a liar and insulted him. He returaed to his house 
: ... E .■! r:: L sl:ov-k 'Ihcn God 
revealed to him, 'O thou that art enwrapped, Rise and warn' (Suia 74.. 
178. Others put 'A!qama and Kalada in reverse order. 



[A.Dh. says that/arearo means sandhiUs.] 



'a door'. 'Ubayd b. Wahb al- 



is 'thc way', as you find in tl 
eaning the road. The wort 



maoE'. Ibn Hsrma, v 
Wyoushedatear 
Their source woul 



eans 'courtyard'. Plurals ucasaid, tnisud, nmdaii, ai 
■ which bursts forth fron 



Jry, 1... 






720 The Life o/ Muhammad 

also the singular of *ij/ Q«bU i, that which i> oppos.te b'efore the eyes; 

fitt ... umI.I) ISuraiS. 53). 

Abu 'Ubayda quoted to me the lines of A'sha of the Banu Qays: 

Like the cry of the woman in travail, whom her midwife helps. 1 

with the plural tptbul means 'gathering', as in the Quran, 'Wt «.II gathcr 
to them ev CT ything in iiruups' (Sura 6. 1 1 1). The plural is like subul 



189. Orhera say of 'Anua b. 



;d rhing musakhra/. 

ryrorhelp, 



I your own affairs, for l belong to the Banu Asad, 

1 call his gang' is like the expression 'ask the city' (iz. 8; 



And Al-Kumayt b. Zayd sa 






.t ■ 1 " -..'■. i^-l , ,l 



general admiration. 'Utba b. Rabi'a, who was the maternal uncle of Shan 
mas, said, 'I will bring you a Shammas more handsome than he,' and 1 

according to what I. Shihab and others said. 

105. Others say Hubshiya b. Saliil who was calUsd Muattib b. Hamra'. 

196. Shurahbil b. Abdullah, one of the Ghauth h. Murr, brother of Tamii 
b. Murr. 

198. Sa'd b. Khaula was from the Yaman. 



al.Nadr b. al-Harith. 



udra al-Khar.ji, one of B. Hilal b. 'Amir b. Sa'sa'a, said: 



7 22 The Li/e of Muhammad 

203. Jh/means 'neck', as m the verse of A'sha of B. Qays: 
The day that Qutayla showed us a lovely neck 

[Diwan, p. 140. 6 (with unimportant yariants)]. Thc plural is ajyml Masad 
i> iibrc <:n.!slicd hke cotton, and rope is twislcd fi-nv;> ir, Al.N.ijii.-ha ri- 
Dhubyani whase name was Ziyad b. "Amr b. Mu'Swiya said: 



206. Affak mcans 'liar'. Cf. 'Lo, it is of their lying that they say God ha 
begotten. Verily they tell a lie' (Sura 37. r^i). Ru'ba said: 
Not of a man who uttered a lying speech. 



Unless I h» 



Ibtt Hhha 


n't Noles 




"The nearest 


rhm g ,o 


™«whichyo 


UW.1IC 


himmoiten 


mcai » 


swallowatad 


raueht. 










eanspus. I 




told that Abu 














'A'isha 




hi „ . 


nnt ncci 


them, Mky 


ahrout 



I. Umm Maktum w 



le of B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy whose r 



2iz + A traditionist told me that the apo&tle said to Ahu Talib, O irncle, 
Allah my Lord has giwn worms power over the Quraysh document. They 

mnYwv. Ih- sjiid, TJidyr>ur Lordrellyouor"rhis?'and when lu- *,;kl rr.at Ih- 

and yourcourseof action; if he is lying I hand. hiii! ov.t tn you.' Tru: pt-opio 
were satistied with this offer and housui i ;:. -nv vh- .■*■ ;v.. TdingTy. On inspec- 

TKiT^ur '•■-■ ' numbcrof Quraysh took steps, which have juat been recorded, 






1. He replied that he was 
"he apostle then appealed 
ot give protectic-n against 






Tke Life of Muhammad 



Ibn Huham's Notes 



You lay sleepless as though a snake had bitt 
'Twas not for desire of women, for before tl 
You had fotgotten the society of Mahdad. 

In God's name, how this Time doea change 
I made ful] use of the swift tawny camels 



Itdl you they have ■ 



Piaise God and not Satan. 

I hat wealth can m 



id itisad is 'indining away fiom 



:ic (mulhid) Mlowed al-Pahhlk. 



U-Pahhak the Khanjite. 






Whose reputation has reached the lowlan 



The prophet of God when he . 
Youwillregretti 






726 The Lijc qf 

hlar-k, fringt;d with Jorig Lishcs; he was firmly knit a: 
the hair 011 his body was nne, thick on hands and feet 











.„ ai 












;„■;, ,;<-■[ v. 






























and preserve him!' 








222. Add ] 


:. Su'ayd b. Sshm. 








223. I have omitted a verse which 


.sobscene. 






«4. Abu ' 


Ubayda told me that thc womat, wlu. nt- 


jod up in defenc 


t of 




Umm Jamil ; and since , 






well be that both pluycd tht-ir part 


















he wss his 


brother and when her 


ecncalogy had bcc 




),cr 






















wcre a tnweUer. The 


narrator says: I.H 


ll, 1 lll-lr l,„t 








»■ beLiaii ,<; hc.it b 










al-Khattab. 1 will 


not Jcilt you!' 'U 




r, ■,„■,:, Iht. 


d this in his favour aft. 


•r he had becomt. 


a Miislini. [This 


« 






Ibn Hitham-i Notes 
q. Afra' was d. 'Ubayd b. Thalaba b. Ghanm b. MU; 

:; Olhrts i,:.v 'Amir b. al-Azraq + 

I. 'Amr was Ibn Sawad. He had no sc-n called Gham 

z. Dhakwan was an emigrant and a helpcr. 

3. They were called Qaw;lqil because whenevcr iiny, 
u like in Yathrib with it,' Qauqala means s way of wa 

4. Tayyihan can he spclt Tayhiin likc muyyit and ma\ 

5. ?afar's name was Ka'b b. al-t.ar.th b. al-Khazraj 






). He was Ghanm b. 'Auf, brothcr of Salim b. 'Auf b. 
1. The lcamed number among them Ahu'1-Hayrham b. 



See Draon of Abld, ed. Sir Charles Lyall, 1913, p 

eci-tainty ybout the word diuibi': |:;\,,,:1, ;: : •::,;it:itors, ancient and 

modem, dilTer. The rcading of the Dlisdn andT. taghaddabu seems preferable 



Tell AbC Sufv5 
\ l„, „1 I, 



lg of the gully 1 and dcath i 
ie watches the arTairs of m 



b. Salama b. Qushayr b. Ka'b b. Rabl'a 1 



1.., .:,. ! ..!- ,\. ■ . -■ ; ,i 
Siwt -,1-Sr. idT rciu.cii and M 



Thl Life of 
Would not surrender him. Let none hope for 



Abu Haytham also was faithful, 
Bound by his word. 

Why don't you abandon your foolish er: 



Salm. It often happens that wl 



a tribe he is supposed 



'Auf was the brother of SJlim 



Ibn HishamS Notes 7=9 

, J7 . al-Hubla was Silim b. Ghanm b. 'Auf »nd he got the name from his 
big belly. [See S. in foc.] 

j 5 8. Rifa'a was the son of Malik b. al-Walid b. 'Abdullah b. Malik b, 
Tha'laba b. Jusham b. Malik b. Salim. 
aj 9 . al-Mundhir was the son of 'Amr b. Kharash. 

word hub means 'painful distress'. Some manuscnp» add 'in another conteil 



,' and 'when Mendahip is lacking' 
■ 'when' aa in the word of Allah 
■d before their Lord'. Abii Najm 



!e food and asked her * 



i took them to the apostle in Medina. [W. ascribKi ! 
,u KhaulT bclonged to D. *Ijl b. Lujaym b. S»'b b. ', 
was mentioned to me that Abu 'Uthman al-Nahdi sai 



The Life of Muhammad 



lyta d. Ya'ar b. Zayd b. 'Ubayd b. 
M.illk b. al-Aus. When she freed 



n > f«cdmari a{ Abu Hudhayfa; and it is said that Thubayta was 

hayfa's freedman. 

Manun means 'death' ; mybul-manin means its dread and its occurri 
thelineof Abu Dhi 1 ,1 Hu h 1, 

Are you distresscd at the rhought of death and its occurrencc' 

Fate docs not excuse those who fear. 

A learncd traditionist told me that al-Hasan b. AbJi'1-Hasan al-I 
" ' [ ' rl ' ' ' 1 i M 1 il i u ti, , I ir, 

see if it harhoured w.ld beasts or snakcs, guatding the apostle witri 

I have heard more rhu) ose leBrned muKrinnto* *.», '«k r a- 

?s', the esplanation being 

Umm Ma'bad belonged 



I- [However, T."(i 






id the other as 



i) wl 



;. Others say 'Abdulkh b. Urayqit. 

[. 'Abdu'1-Rahman was I. al-Harirh h. Malik b. Ju*sht; 

i. Others say Lift, as in the line of Ma'qil b. Khuw 



279. Oral-Oaha. 




380. Or al-Gha'ir. 




jSi. This is no raja* but 


baldprose. 


282. Iaskedmorethanon 
would say was that they r 


adh^th 



Ibn HishamS Notes 

3. Tht nmpah 1, o-ii- huiLLened vvith debt and a large family as 



285. Ja'far st that time wi 



2S7. Some say 'Uwaymir was the so: 

Jl . il 1 1 llt F r [hit ai 

two pitces of v,..kkI i'or tl-,e clnpper 
"Don't make a clapper but call to pn 



said to him: 'I heard 'Ubayd b. 'Umayr 



■ 



irk of Urnun al-Taghlibl wl 
3- Or I. Dayf. 



While the painful heat of no 



e. [Diwan\xxvl 16,] 
.ttotakeal-Mujadh- 



The Life o/ Muhammad 



Nabigha ai-Dhubyanl said: 

When you meet them you don't nnd a house raposed 1 
The guest is not forbidden and nothing is neglectcd. 



denched rtst' . Tamim b. Ubayy b. 
a boy throws into aoft ground. 



Thcy said, We saw people s 
There was no doubt that a : 

Hudhall: 

As though I suspected him. 



the line of Khalid h. Zuh«yr i 



icrcd'. The Araba 

The blindest guidance is from rhe ig 
Plural of 'amik is , ummak, and plural of 'amil 



:,.bi „ !■ Malik h. Zayd ManSt b. Tsmim, 



J. Andad means 'the liltc things' ; smgular nidd. Lahid b. F 
Praise God vyho has no riyal. 
In His hands is good: what He wills He does. 



Ibn Hisham's Noles 733 

306. j/ahra means 'so that we can see clearly with nothing to conccal Him 

Making plainly \ ..,iters which was coyered with 

Here yajharu means 'bringing the water to light and clearing away from it 



a slightly dirTerent form wit 
1. Abu']-?alt al-Thaqafl said: 



hon to write but 
:an read a book. I.H. said on the authority of Abii 'Ubayda and Yiinus 

blt Yunus b. Habib the grammarian and Abu 'Ubayda told 
s say tamannd m the senae of 'he recited' and in the Quran 



1 uiiruis. ITIhtc ,s no reiil di 
reciting. Right down to the Middle Ages it 



m it in his face. gal is l.ke ham'a. 



rThis line ],.,;. hcen iluoted on W. 199, q.v.) Yuaamtha m 

313. Shafu« means 'shoots', singular Aafatm. The Arabs «ry 

<j/--ar'i/ f 'the sect! 1,:ls ':piv:utLL:' ulun ,: I::,-; p:,t torth irs t.lit 
means 'strengthene-d'. That whrch prtceded it 1 
,115 esjil.iir.ci! 'ahocts' by fitakh which could muan 'L-hicks' ] In 
b. Hujr al-Kindi said: 

Humayd b. Malik b. el-Arqat one of B, RaWa b. Malik said: 

Seed produce and dover whose herbage is matted and sti 
s..,, v. t!.-:ut hamza is plural of saq, the stcm of a plant. 

314. Savxi'un means the middle (of thc path), as in the lines oi 
Thabit: 



ra means 'towards'. 'Amr h. Ahmat al-Bahili (nnliila «as th 
b. Sa'd b. Qays b. 'Aylln) describing his camel, said: 
akes us towards Jam' tucking her tail between her lcgs. 



Ibn Hisham's Notes 



i. ih,- n.tiuks ccll. Rabbani is derived fr 





















;an be seen nf it. Al-Akhta! 




il-Salt al-Taghlibl, describing 


a camel he had tried hardly, said: 


Wegaveherthehardtask 


of going to every distant well whose mark wl 








imcieons writhing in the heat. (Akhtal 7. 5 


\. , t „., U I I 


which means a mark to indicate a road or 




rubbed otT and made levcl witll tlK lT';,':I i 


that there was nothing showini 


j above the soil. 


310. al-Jibt among the Arabs 


■.:-;- t- ,LL,,r-;.l;iipLL: ,>il,i-r th; 




ng that leads away from the trurh, plur 


■i.sta. 1 was told 


::,:Ih said that jibt means sorce: 


VA IdghM Satan. 





Vith a aecret that m shared I came 
3 'end' and the plural is mardsin. t 



inverted. He says : They will asl 



Qays b. Tha'laba said: 



324. 7,ahlr means 'help'. The Arabs say i 
The plural is zuhara. 






,. Nadla 1 



j. Nadla r 






smeared with the blood oi 



he would seal thpse books with the se 



'l-Kasan al-Basri said. 



TabtaUlu also means to be earm 

10 julop' lins mcaning here in sp 



'. The ArabBsa; I 



Mikraz b. r1afs b. al-Akhyat, onc of B. Ma'is b. 'Arnir t 
uo. m.js: aurhorities on poetry deny that this ode is fr< 



The Life o/ Muhammad 






343. Mnsi: iiLitboritics deny that this is Hamza's verse. 
3«. Most aurhorities deny that Abu Jahl was the author. 

345. He put al-Sa ib b. 'Uthmin b. Ma5*un in charge of Medina. 

346. He put AbC Salama 'Abdu'S-Asad in charge of Medina. 

347. Some traditionists say that this took place after Hamia was sent. 

348. He lefc Zayd b. Hanthi in charge of Medina. 

349. His name was 'Abdullah b. 'Abbid or according to othen Mihk b. 
'Abbid. onc of al-S.idif - . 1 ' '■ " «" 'Amr b. Malik, one of al- 

hr.s b. Kindaor Kindl. 

350. It was the nrst bnon takcn b; 1)-; Muslims, and 'tai b. al-rladrarni 
was the rirst man that the Muslims killed, while 'Uthmin b. 'AbduUah 

.. K.,;j.,n werethar tirst prisoners. 



nukostrich. «J jmantooweakt 

ai&ghayhab. 5 
" 
3 54. On Monday Sth and left 'Amr (or 'Abdullsh) b. Umn 



3SS.lt ™white. 

356. The An3iir's rkg was with Sa'd b. Mu'5dh. 

357. DhStu'1-Jaysh. 

358. The word Zabya is not from I.I. 

359. Ssid to be Abu Bakr. 

360. The old man's name was Sufyita al-Pamrl. 



Malik b. Hanjala b. Malik b. 



73' 
4. Sahr is the lungs together with the parts above the navel adjoininj 
: windpipe; what is below the navel is called qusb, as in the prophet' 

: ' ■ ' I '' V : ' ■ ■ ' 

ta (qusb) in hell iire. 






365. According to 


some Sawwiid. Sawiid of the Ans 


366. Another read 


:i,U :s ::,::>/:,»::/. 


367. Othcrs rcad l 


'a'u!jimatmahu t '1 wil] stnk,- 1,;, i.t, 


308. al-mar! is no 

diniculty. 


t ftom 1,1. It mcans a camcl wh, 


369, Abu'1-Bakhti 


,rl was ai-*As b. HisMm b. al-Hari 


370. By 'milk' he 








d ^rowth'. There 



>. al-'As when he passed him; 'Methinks you've aome- 
You are thinking that I killed your father. Had I 
ot apologize to you for having done so. As a matter of 
hrnal uncle al-'As b. Hisham b. al-Mughira. I passcd 



376. Hibal b. Tuliyha -md Thabit b. Aqran 



3Sj. ffamll mei 
384. Abu 'Aziz 
al-Nadr, and w 



i. Al-Zuhri and other tn 



dM poty&euli at Badr afcer 
said, 'Brother, is this the sort of advice you give 
ie most that was paid to redeem a Qurashi, and 



386. Here is an cjcample of faulty rhyming know 
found in their verse. We «11 it ikfa'. I have 


rit£i~ 


387. 


Some authorities on 


poetrydenythatthese 


nes are It 


3 as 


I shall mention the 


radition about that stan 


d later, G 


3S9. 


Some authorities on 


pomydenytheauthen 


ticity of th 


\i-f, 


W. mother was 


d. Aba -Amr and the 


sister of 


»t. 


•Allhadcapturedhij 






392 


Khirash b. al-SJmm 


,oneofB.Haram.had 


captured 



397. Abii 'Ubayda to 



<■ means 'retumed'. Aus b. Hajar, 

You tumed on your heels the (U 
Leading away the spoils of a lar) 



j. Others say al-Nadr b. al-Harith b. 'Aiqama b. Kalda. 






y it> name was Sabha); al-Ya's 



Lh b. Hakim «1-Ti'iy said: 
it is Wghtened it stamps ii 



wifa is an altrration of rhe word that J.T. w 
I. [A.Dh, KTitet: l thi word 

llul. Il is said thnt lakl,a:~7i-qfl:i iva» w ritt™ 



probable hecausc elsewhere in 



408. The raplanatio: 
Labid b. Rabi'a said 






gs are splayed as though 



410. Zayd b. Haritha b. Shurahbil b. Ka'b b. 'Abdu'!-'UE!a b. 
Qays b. 'Amir b. al-Nu'man b. 'Amir b. 'Abdu Wudd b. 'Auf b. 
Bakr b. 'Auf b. 'Udhra b. Zaydulhh b. Rufayda b. Thaur l 

411. Anasa was an Abyssinian and Abu Kabsha a Ptrsian. 

413- Abu Hudhayfa's name was Mihsham; and Salim a free, 
Thubayra .1 YYar !,. Zavd h. 'Ubayd b. Zayd b. Maiik b. 'Auf 



>. Abii Maklishi was a Ta'Iy, his n 



Jcuttn, is.,4, ,. 58, I. 



ay Hazl b, Qfc b. Dharr. 



, H< was called Dhu'!-Shim5li 

>. Khabbab belonged to B. Tam 
• that he belonged to KhuzS'a. 



the son of Qaait b. Hinb b. Af 5 a b. Jadlla b. Aaad b. 

at Suhayb was the freedman of 'Abdullah b. Jud'an b. 
d b. Taym and that he was a Rumi. Those who s«y tha! 



iu Khauli waa of B. 'Ijl b. Lujaym b. Sa'b 
n.z h. Wrilwas b. Qisi! b. Hinb b. Af»a b. 



Sari) and Hatib b, 'Amr; 



436. Ubayd was called Muqarrin because he bound four i 
gether at Badr. It was he who captured 'Aq;l b. Abu Talib. 



iismil b. Faran. al-Mujadh- 



al-Rauha\ Hatib w.a h. 'Amr b. 'Ubayd b. 



,ii PayySr/s brother, an 



ay ThShit was b. 'Amr b 



445. Others say Tamlm b. Irisha and Qismll b. Farin. 

446. 'Arfaja was b. Ka'b b. a!-Nahhiit b. Ka'b b. Hariths b. Ghanm. 

448. Othera say Julas, but I regard that aa wrong. 

440. Others aay Qays was b. 'Abasa b. Umayya, 

450-. Fushum was his mother, wife of al-Qiyn b. Jasr. 

4Si. Sutyan b. Nasr b. 'Amr b. al-r#rith b. Ka'b b. Zayd. 

452, Others say 'Abdullah b. 'Umayr b. 'Adly b. Umayya b. Jidira. 

453- Zayd was b. al-Murayy. 

454. Salim b. Ghanm b. 'Auf got the name of Hubla from his big beily. 

455- Others say 'Amr h. Salama. He was of BaBy of Qudi'a. 

b. Qashghar b. al-Muqaddam! and it is sai< 



that 'Ubada was b. Qays b. al-Qud 
457- 'Amir b. al-'Ukayr; others s»y 'Asim b. 
458. This is Ghanm b. 'Auf, brother of Sili 
aI-Khazraj, and Ghanm b. Salim preceded hi 






. In all the aboye cases it was al-Jamuh b. Zayd b. Harim except for the 
;far,th wis b. Labda b. Tha'laba (is the name of the twelfth on the list). 

. Others say Buldhuma or Bulduma. 

.. Others say Sawad was b. Rizn b. Zayd b. Tha'laba. 

. Others say Ma'had h. Qays was b. Sayii b. Sakhr b. Haram b. Rabl'a. 

>. Sawad had no son with the name Ghanm. 

■. 'Antara was from B. Sulaym b. Mansur, then of B. Dhaltwan. 

:. Aus was b. 'Ahhid b. 'Adly b. Ka'b b. 'Amr b. Udayy b. Sa'd. I.I. 

1» Mu'adh b. Jabal to B. Sawad because he lived with them; he was not 

1. 'Amir is said to be the son of al-Azraq. 



-(88. She was d. 'Uhayd b. Tha'laba b. 'Ubayd b. Tha'lab 



,. Ohan. 



489. OrNu'ayman. 

490. Abu'I-rlamra' was the freedman of al-r^arith b. Rifa'a. 

401. Hudayk was d. Milik b. Zaydullah b. Hablb b. 'Abdu Hun.ha b. Malik 

Milikb. al-Narjir an.J 1'. r >' named after her. 

492. They are the B- Ma E hila d. 'Auf b. 'Abdu Manat b. 'Amr b. Milik b. 
Kinana b. Khuzayma. Others say that they are of B. Zurayq. Maghala 
was the mother of 'Adiy b. r Amr b. Malik b al-Najjarand tbr B. A.lh trace 



i.jf, Ikijayr .vas from 'Abs b. Baghid b. Rayth t < ,:..,.,iiVm 
407. Most traditionists mention among the Khazraj whr 

il b tar, and Mulavl b. Wab» 
al-Husavn b. Wabara. Of the B. l.lablb b, 'Abdu Haritha b, 
h. Jusham who are among the B. Zuravq: Hilal b, al-Muall 
Haritha b. 'Adiv b. Zsyd h. Tha'laba b. Malik b. Zavdu M 



1. Abu Waqqas according to I.H, 



Ibn HishSm's Noles 

b. 'Alqama b. Kalada b. 'Abdu Manaf. 

509. Bilal killed Zayd, who was an ally of B, 'Abdu'1-Dlr fo 

Othera say that al-Miqdad killed him. 

511. He was one of B. 'Amr b. Tamim, a stout warrior who 






d him. (This esplanation of yuihan 



;ordance with the Lisdn u 

1. Others say Hajiz. 'Aliiilled Haj.b. 

3. Yazid h. Ruqaysh killed "Amr and Abii Burda kilk 



5 . Ham 



'Uthman b. Maz'Qn together. 



Iu'adh b. 'Afra and Khirija b, Zayd and Khubayb 
1 al-Husayn b, d-Hlrith and 



told me that the polytheists lost 70 
:ri. This agrees with «hat Ihn 'Abbas 
11 God's book (m read) 'and is it not a 



s which 1,1, does not mention o£ the slain at 
b. al-Harith of B. Anmar: an ally; and 'Amir 



Of B. Asad b. Abdu'l-'Uzii: 'Uqha b. Zayd an ally from :i 

'Umayr a frcedman of thdrs. Total i. 
Of B. 'Abdu'1-Dar, Nubayh b. Zayd and 'Ubayd b. Salit an ally frc 

From B. Taym b, Uun: MMik b. Ubaydullah, brother of Talha, «I 

slain ; and some add ' Amr l Ibdullal |, , 1 Total i, 
0f B. Makhzum: Hudhayfa b. Abu Hudhayra whom Sa'd b. Al 

and Zuhayr b. Abu R,fa'a »hom Abu L , 1] ,„l Al-S 



Ibn Hiskam's Notes 



From B. 'Abdu'1-Dar; 'Aqfl, an ally of theirs from the Yaman. 1 . 
From B. Taym b. Murra: Musan' b. *fyad b. Sakhr b. 'Amir b. K 
Sa'd b. Taym ; and Jabir b. al-Zubayr, an ally. z. 

From B. Jumah: 'Amr b. Ubayy b. Khalaf; and Abu Ruhm b. 'Ab 

of Umayya b. Khalai, one of them Nistas, and Abu Rafi' a sl 

From B. 'Amirb. ... od al-Sa'ib b. Malik. 

From B. al-Hiritb h. ! 



«38. We have changed tt 
The following yerses w. 



• is the counterblast. We haye 
at 'Amr b. 'Abdullah b. Jud'in 






>f rTassan's poem because they ai 



The Life o/ Muhammad 



S44- Abu Zayd il-A 



546. Some authorities q 
547- When 'Ubayck'a 



These two verses are in the udc of Abu Talib uhidi «u hai 
quoted (p, 174}, 

548. Some authorities on poetry dcny that Dirar waa the authoi 
>n poetry deny Harith's authorship of th 






id) had become a 
The apostl 

sorr of Iife havc 



we shall Iive again. 



ra dropped the ode of AbQ Usama rhyming in L 



558- Some authorities on poetry deny that Hind wrote this. 

' 1 t)e l 111 I 11 l Ji&raa tf ioj .ipuaomK i» th« lin, 



Ibn Hishatris Notes 



authorities on poetry deny that Hind s 
loetry he said, ' If I had heard this before 



564. He put Bnshjr b. 'Abdu'1-M 



lcal of it. This is what Ab« 'Ubayda told me. 
566. He put 'Uthman b. 'Affan in charge of Medina. 
: put I. Umm Maktum in charge of Medina. 



aiTair of the B. Qaynuqa' ai 



9. Thia was called aTmtu'l-fa4ul 

0. He besieged them for fifteen nights and put Bashir b. 'Abdu'1-Mundhir 
charge of Medina, 

1. Furat belonged to B. 'Ijl, an ally of B. Sahm. 

2. Abd Sufyan b. al-Harith b. 'Abdu'I-Muttalib wtote a counterbiast 
place, God willing. [See p. 449.] 

te words tubba and usarru bisukkfihim do not come from 1:1. 

ost authorities on poetry deny Hassan*s authorship. The first two 



■■:., Thcn will you 
er place, God wiUing. 



told that Samuia . ,tling so he let him go too. The 

following he tumedback: UsSms h /,avd . ".-sbdulliiii h Lmarb. al-KhattSb; 
Zayd b. Thabit, one of B. Mllik b. a!-Najjar; al-Bara' b. 'Azib, one of B. 
Haritha ; 'Amr b. Hazm, onc of B I lyd b. Zuhayr, one 



when the apostle got the better of the U. Quray?a he Kairei- nhnut 1'onr 
hundred men from the Jews who had been allies of Aus against Khazraj, 
and ordered that they should be beheaded. Accordingly Khazraj began to 






itejewt 



io handed oyer to them was Ka'b b. Yahudhi, w 
among them. He gave him to Muhayyisa and . 
B Abu Burda to whom the apostle hml f»ni |» 
ng goat on the fcast nf Adha). He said, 'Let Muh 
I r i j i I ri I -, M i| i i ut i n i 



ld me that A]-Zubayr b. al-'Awwim 
mt and gave it to Abu Dujana. I thought, "1 am the son of §afiya, his 

So I fol.!o\ved hsm. The man drew out his red rurban and wrapped his head 









582. A traditioniat told me that the apostle said: •] s.m somt twi <•! mine 
heing slaughtered; thcy are those of my cumpamona >iho siill he killed. 
As to the dent whi ..' ■ . . . .11 :< 011, of mv hiinily v,'hi> wlll 

be killed.' 



Jhud the apostle sat under the fiag of the Ansar and sent a 
to tell him to hring the riag forward, which he .11.1, BEying, 



Talha, who was in charge of tht 
said : ! He exposed his person to 



Id of his horse's bridL : u h,;never 
Al-Tirimmah b. Hakim al-Ta'iy 



3- Hassan b. Thabit, according to Ibn Hisham 



595. a]-HSritb , , . ,. 1 !' -,uf .-. -I 
£or he had fled on the day of Badr. 
jo6. The one who cried aloud was the s[ 



that day and brokc lns n^l,[ k>\ 



Uhud. The rerses are also ascribed to 



apostle's hand and Talha b. 'Ubayduliah hftcd him until he stood uprig 

Milik b. Sinan, the father of Abii Sa'id al-Khudri. sucked the blood fr 

. tace. Then he swallowed it. The apostle said, 'He whose bl< 



Ibn HishanCs Notes 



rom lshaq b. YahyJ b. Talha from *Isa b. Talha frur 
!,;,t Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah pulled outone o 



600. r Umara's mother, Nusayba d. of Ka'b al-Maziniya, fought 
Sa'id h. Abu Zayd al-Ansari aaid that Umm Sa'd d. of Sa'd b 






I heard on the authority nf 'Ikrima from I. 'Abbas tha 

ot reach the step cut in the glen. 'Umar, the dient nf 

aycd the noon prsyer on the day of Uhud sit 



:- 1 11, ,- ,< nnncnts. The i 



„ , l.i.ln'1 



b. Zayd b. Thajaba b'. sl-Khair 

:s he GOmpOKd ■ 



id dh which I 



«J 



61 1. I. Qami'a's name was 'Abduliah. 

Sa'd'8 little daughter was in his arms and he was kissing her. The 
!o h>m. 'Who is this?' and he repiied it is the daughter of.a better 
I, Sa d b. al-Rabr, who was one of the chiefs on the day of al-'A 
was present at liadr and found martyrdom at Uljud. 1 
613. When thc ap-i-r' 

been so hurt before. Never have I been more angry.' Then 
'Gabnel came to m, , [ , .,„ 1 wa »r«i ., ™,n 

,,f thf sev<;ti boaiens: 'I.iamia b. Abdu'1-Muttalib, the lion of Go 
h n , h ir t! II 1 1] 1 I ( , 1 11 d^buSahmab 'Ah 



Now that the Be 

dintheverseofal-rJ5rithi 
If I pardon 1 sh 

S. The apostle's sword used 



at when Abu Sutyan went sr 



ui wl.- ffar that they may right as they di, 






al-Musayyab said that the apostle sa 
and 'Ammar b. Yasir killed Mu'av 



Would that I before him 
Had chosen a place to sleep in. 
A traditionist from al-Asd said: Th? twt, p.irtk 1 -uid 'W 
tve had not thought as we did because God took us in ha 









































Slratinn- [ 4 S. X, 


i.e. their dis 








mark«l'(li «4 


i.e. -plainly 










ibom: ll '.,: 




. Ml t ,1 this world» bu 








:.. al- 


'Ajjaj said: 






















the bnest). 




yes look 1 




Iplessly aa they gallop full speed. 


AjAhamH wi 


th dhdl n 


.eans 


'run fast J and ajdamu witb dal 


meaos 'g,vc U[ 



in the book of God 'and horses at 



Tke Life of Muhammad 
stures his horses and camels. Al-Kun 



i-s'. DhS'1-Rurr 



The wnrd also means 'that he may throw them on their faces'. 

to the sons of 'Abd 
Manat b. Udd b. Tabikha b. Ilyas and to Dabba because they gatherc 



i. Umayya b. Abu'1-Salt ssid: 



Nails on the en 



ivord or such-like. Jarir « 



id Ru'ba b. al- 'Ajjaj said in a rtgaM E 



6. Others say 'Atik b. al-Tayyshan. 

na b. Zayd b. Dubay'a and Malik wos b. Ama b. 1 
8. Abu Hayya was b. 'Amr b. Thabit. 
o. And, it is said, Suwaybiq b. al-Harith b. Hatib b. Hayshs 

o. "Aii.i b. Qi!v^ ^i-: b Z.iyd b. Sawad. 
Aus wjs the brother of Hassin b. Thabit. 



al-Nadr v 



te was Sinan, or as others say Ĕ 



k; M;,Hkh. .\umaylaanallyof th. 



Of B. Amr b. Malik b. al-Najjar: Iyas b. Adiy. 
Of aI-Khazraj of D. Sawad b. Malik: Malik b. Iyas, 
Of B. Salim b. Auf : 'Amr b. lyas. 
Thus brrnging the total to 70. 

636. It i> said that 'All killed him. 

637. It is said that 'Abdu'1-Rahman b. 'Auf killed Kilab. 

638. 'AK, Sa'd b. Abu Waqqa 5 and Abu Dujana haye also 



641. Abu Zayd quoted these 



12. Ka'b had said, 'Our nghting is on behalf of our stock,' :.i 

id 'Yes,' and the apostle said : 'Then it is better,' and so Ka'b phrased it 






(For they have true news of us today) 



so and gained the nrst place. 



ed tribes of Fihr have not hearc 
lies and the splitting of skulla ? 
try deny that 'Amr said this. 



:il-Hajjij h. 'Ilat al-Sulami in 
u'l-'UzzS, the standard-bearer of the polytb 

By God, what a nne protector of women is Fatima's son 
Whose patemal and maternal undes were noblel 
You quick]y dealt him a deadly thrust 

■ 

You attacked them like a hero and made them retreat 

ttt oae after another. 



640. Most authorities 
'Who in the winter', 'V 
time's mistortunes' are 


:c„ 




,%£££%% 


The v< 


630. Abu Zayd quoted to me the ve 
words 'We grow up and our rathers pei 


reb^Wne^th^ 




«5i- 


Ahii Zayd quote 


1 me the 




from the worda 'Advancing 


6 5 2. 


Abu Zayd recited 


t to me as 




K»'b b, MSlik, 




65:; 


Abtl Zayd quoted 


methewo 




rou have not won' and 


'ofHim 



n Muslim. The phrase 'aa night' l 



658. An authority on poetry quoted to 
sought vengeance,' &c. Some authorit 
Only God knows the truth. 



Ibn Hisham^s Notes 
? . 'Adal and al-Qara belonged to al-Haun or al^Hun b. Khuz: 



ay one of B. 'Udas b. Zayd 



id that the youngster wi 



ys tothers say 'AdTy b. 



k Rabra al-Taghlibi whose n 



ine of al-Tirimmah b. Hakim de 



b. Mufarrigh al-Himyari said: 

And E sold Burd* Would that I had died 

Before I sold him. 
re whom he sold. Shard also means 'he bought', 



669. This poem resembles the prececling. Somt au 
that Hapsjn compowd it f I hsve omitted some wo 



. When he says "Udas eapelled' t 






ine is yujaddila. So C. W. has tujuik 


ir^ 


ship. 




The Ansari 


■as Lsl-Murnlhir b. Muhammad h 


'Uqba b. Uhayha t 


Of B. Kilab. 


Abu'Amr.h.M a danlBaid 


tha. the 




ofB.Sulaym. 


r'b. Rabi'a b. 


dwasofa!-Qaynb. Jasr; 


r^ZrofAbu 


waa_d.'Amrb 


The h* V™ 


was mioted to me hy A 


u Zayd 


llc 


uotedtometh 



Had the 

Or with al-Qurata'— they would not have betray. 

They have ever kept their faith though you have 

The Qurat&' are a tribe of Hawazin. There is 

NuĔryl. 

670. He left I. Umm Maktum in charge of Medina. 



r .1 I- [1 tV 1 E ri 1 1 . 1 T. 

.hat Abu 'Ubayda t.JJ 1110 ;This nphnarion, which is also 
7, who says that the prophct did m.t cut i:».in palrns li:a! !>ore 



Ibn Hisham's Notes 
neans 'girth'. Waji/ means 'throbbing of the 

Though thcy brought whal .:,.■> kr,. 



5. Or 'Abdullah h. Rawaha. 
S. Ahu 'Amr al-Madani sai. 
Mustaliq. I shall relate theii 



;■..,.. 1 postk ittacked B 



687. He put Abu Dharr al-Ghrtarl in charge of Mcdina, or according to 
o.l.crs -UthmSn b. 'ArTan. It was called Dhatu'l-Riqa' bccause they patched 

[Cf. W. R. Smith, Religion 0/ the Scmites, 185.] 

688. 'Abdu'1-Warith b. Sa'id al-Tannuri, surnamed Abu 'Ubayda, told us 
from YCinus b. 'Ubayd from al-rlasan b. Abu'1-Hasan from Jabir b. 'Ab- 
dullah concemine the prayer of fear: the apostle prayed two bows with one 



rank prostrated. When tbey radaed 1 

[.! they occupi.d their place. Then tb 



amim b, Ubayy b. Muqbil, one of B. 'Amir b. $a'sa'i 

From tidcrs when thcy urged rhui s! LL -ds :'t n 
;. 'running'. 
Abu Zayd a]-Ta"iy whose name >v.B Harmala b. al-N 

"rt.cir rrinhs tiiiiitrnrd liku Indian lances 

Becau5e of the length of the run IwajiJ) throygh la 






691. Another reading is ui 
Medina. 



6g3- Abu Zayd qudted it to me a& from Ka'b b. Malik. 
694. Wc hav<; omiiurd thc ;■: ■■ r:'.yiin: 1* t.iu 

BUDg gazelles', &c. T and the follpw 

695- In Rabru'1-awwal, leaving Siba r b. 'Urfufa ai-Ghihm m charge 
696. liuddh means 'concealing something in Hight". tjassan b. Thabit ss 



>u Qays [apparently a laterartempt to re] 



id 46] Tbcy wffl not behe^iedP 

man who shot Sa'd was IChafaja b. 'Asim b. Hibr. 



in MaktGni in charge of Medina 



706. Others say Annl. 

'O ye who believ e> do not betray Gml und chi: :.pOMlv iim 


708. I le remained tjed to a stunip i:>r sis ni^ 
h Tn ;it ( 1 . ■ fiit fpni ■ r iind untie him for 
and rie himselr to the srump according to whai 

..■-■-■ 


1 the word of 

10.1 . rl, u 



means a kind of brocade. 
the woman who threw the m 



■ 1 - .llling 'the recei\er 



id God open ta them 



Among them 15 glory, tnkrance, and nobi! 

3. Qaa*a nahbahu means 'died'; nahb means 'breath', 
>u 'Ubayda told me; its plural is nuhSb. Dhii'1-Rumr 

The llicllt Ihat llic Hirithis fled 

After I laubar died (gadd nahbahu) in the caval: 



b. Haubar. Nahb 



<6 The Lift oj Muhammad 

mther meaning is 'weeping'. Nahb also means 'necessity and need'. 1 

n say 'They have nothing I want,' Malik b. Buwayta al-Yarbu I said 

Scdi the red-tycd camds o£ Shudun that you want. 
ahar b. Tausi'a, one o£ B. Taymu'1-Lat b. ThaJaba b. 'Ukiba b. Sa'u 
JI b. Bakr b. Wa'il, who were clients of B. I.Ianlta, said: 
A long gallop savcd Yusuf al-Thaqafi 



Ibn Hhham's Notes 






would have fulfilled their 



' li: l .:l]i:.fs l i:<\ d.iul .jn the ground 
Sayasi alao means 'horns'. AI-Nabigha al-ja'dl said: 



Abu Duwad al-Iyadl said: 

H of their horns scared us. 
Their feet as it were sprinkled with pitch and tar. 
?ayasi also ttieans thc weaver's implement accotding to what Abu 'Ubayda 
" ic of Durayd b. al-Simma al-Jusharm, 



Jus! 



du'awiya b. Bakr b. Hawazin: 
the sayasi go through the 






!, 'May God cut off his 



bun with or without idaja. 
>. 'Ubayd b. al-Sabbaq. 



723, One whom I can trust told mi 
b. 'Abdullah b. al-Zubayr: When 1 



f' and the folIowing ve 



h and the yerse 'Haughty as ar 

i Abu Zayd. 

>n poetry derty his authorship, 1 



728. These yerses are crcdited to Rabf a h. Umaya al-Ddt, whose last v, 
You brought thc KJiazrajI to his knees 



732. More than one traditionist asserted that Waqqas b. Muhriz al-MudlijI 
wasalsokilledthatday 

733. Sa*d's horse was Lihiq ; Miqdad's was Ba'iaja or Sabha; 'Ultasha's was 
Dhu'1-Limma; Al . . AbbSd's was Lammi'; Usayd^s 
was Masnun; and Abu 'Ayyash'3 waa Julwa. 



\S,i 1 I .1 Id rh-,5 Sa'd r /s,d was enraged agai 

:...-:-- 
'That was not my intention, I swear. But al-Miqdad's 
rhyme'. lla^.i: - tc placate Sa'd: 






Tht Life of Mithammad 



738. The war-cry of the Muslii 



iri or Numayla b. 'Abdullah al-LaythE ir 
on the day of B. Mustaliq was 'O victoriou! 



and was at Dhatu'1-Jaysh he entrusted her to one of the Ans; 
forward to Medina. Her father al-Harith came bringing hi; 
ransom. When he \\ i bobed at fh* canieU he ha< 

her ransom and admired two of them greatly, so he hid them V 

you have hidden jn al-*AqIq in such-and-such a pass ?' Al-IJaritS 



ae of his men accepted Isl 



ia daughter was handed o' 



740. She waa Umm Ruman, Zaynab d. 'Abdu 
Ghanam b. Malik b. Kinana. 

741. Others say it was 'Abdullah b. Ubayy an 
[Presumably I.H.'a note ends at this point.j 



ju'1-Hasan al-Basri said. And in G< 



<i!dfallontheea] 
May I never fr | 
While the fates watch me le 






'A'isha said, '1 



<ying this 'Urwa mt.mt re he became a 

Mmlmi had killed thirteen men of B. Malik of Thaqif. The tn clans of 

Thaqif foue.hr, the B. Malik the famdy uf the slam, and the slhes the family 

Btld Urwa paid the bloodwit for the thirteen men and that 






3. I have heard that Mujihid said, 'This passage 
Walid b. (il-Walld b. al-Mugh.ra and Salama b. 1 
.u RaWa and Abu Jandal b. Suhayl and others lii 
r. The proof of al-Zuhri's assertion that the apostl 

5. Abu Baslr was of Thaqif. 



7. Tlu; .smpular of 'isam is 'L$ma which means a 



' 



I carry a sharp sword that ghtters like lightning 

In the hand of a ivarrior sans reproche. 

We will crush you tiU the strong is humhled. 

763. Judham is the brother of Lakhm. 

764. Vm,at "teans 'the eyelids were uncoyered from the eycs m an animal's 

... •,. ..r, one looksatitstceth'. He means 'they uncovered 
;l . . . li, from the coyers of the eyesight' meaning the Ansar. [But the 



J. v. 



X- reterr 



765. Or b. al-Hablb: I. Uhayb b. Suhaym b. Ghiyara of B. Sa'd b. Layth, 

766. Al-Aswad the shepherd was one of the people of Khaybar. 

767. Another reading is 'the spoil of Muhammad', &c. 

768. Abu Zayd qut 



»5 the bi 






■ iL^-dd-; r;i.i ,ir.d datestones, &c. He distri- 

ted them accordir,: '■:•■. useiul explanatory note from 



b. Anaa he said Kabbit Kabbir! JThere is 






ay ahhtara li/uldu khajarc 



A rhapsodist quoted to 



They think death praiseu orthy jf they r r < 

They protect and defend Mi.ihammad'5 1 
They fight for him with "r ' 






e spoken by 'AmmSr h. Yasir about another battle. The p 

I l 1 I 1 < [,' 1 1 . I '*. They did not 

lation and only those who did would tight for an interprets 

• > ".Tiainh .oivi 

es which are to be found in the K. Sifftn.] 



?7 2 The Life of Muhammad 

782. She had entrusted her sister Umm al-FadI with her arlairs; 

nsrried 10 !it-'Abbas, conSded the marter to him, and hc marriec 



iisapostle, "Yoi; 



ring". Hek 



(48. 27), i.e, Khaybar. 

You are the apostle and he who is deprived of his gifts 

May God connrm the good things He gave you 

Among the apostles, and the yictory as they were helped. 

I perceived goodness in you by 3 natural gift, 

meaning the polytheists. 
785. Another reading is: 

[This Is the reading of T. 1212, >. 9 and Yio,. iv. 53, r. 22, who sa 



;s' are not from II. 



i until he was .lain. He % 



b. Qurra: others say Milik b. RMHa. 

he came back to the prophet. 

701. To these I. Shihab added: From B. Mazin; Abu Kulayb an<i Jabir, 
sons of 'Amr b. Zayd b. 'Auf b. Mabdhul, full brothers. From E. Malik b. 
Atsi 'Amr ,md 'Amir, sons of Sa'd b. al-Hlrith b. 'Abbad b. Sa'd b, 'Amir 
b. Tha'laba b. Milik b. Afs5, Others say, Abii KJib and Jabir son> of 



none but Naqib to call them together. 
rnf.il. ri^ulrs cf ;i donkny wln'. dicd [^l night. 

;r reading is 'Help us, God guide you, with strong aid'; and 



796. By the words 'By men who had not drswn their swords' he means 
Ouraysh, and by 'the son of Umm Mujalid' he means 'Ikrima b. Abu Jahl.' 

797. He met him in al-Juhfa Buj before that he hsd 
lived in Mecca in charge of the watering with the goodwill of the apostle, 
according to what al-Zuhri told me. 

798. Another reading 13 'And one whom I had driven out led me to the trurh". 

799. It waa called greenish-bkck because of the large amount of steel in it. 






credited trj al-Ri'isli al-Hudhali. On tj.l; day t.f Nltcca, Hunsyn, and al- 
Ta"if the battle-L . • l-Rahman'; of the 

Khairaj, 'O Banu 'Abdullah'; of the Aus, 'O Banu 'Ubaydullah'. 
803. Afterwards he became a Muslim and 'Umar gave him a goyernorship 



805. They were al-Harirh b. Hisham and Zuhayr b. 



Ibn Hisham's Note 

at Fadala b. 'L T in,tyr h aE-Mi: 



rased. [Asraqi, Mecca, 
JesusandMarywasre 



times, When Ibn 'UmitKiil : 

there was a space of about three cubits between the waJl ai 
him; then he would pray, makingtbr the phc 
He also said that when the apostle entered the Ka'ba 



>G Sufy5n b. Harb and 'Artah b. Asid and al-tiarith b. Hisham were 
' I knew that he was right I would follon him \hi >-u i n ij 



Theteupon the prophet ca 



Ibn Shihab a]-ZuhrI from 
The apostle entered Mecca 
round the Ka'ba on it. All 



5. Al-Harith and 'Attab sa. 



!, t.-.ntUth. willremaininit?' Whenhehsd 
they told him and he said: 'God forbid! The place 

a 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah from Ibn 'Abbas said: 



as he took his hand from n 



808. A traditi 


lf had done. We have mentioned the latte 
battle of Badr, 


SrA). Sijiiu- n 


horities 01, poetry deny his authorship of 


810. Anothet 


version ia 'And kinship>a cotds were sever 


M5^h£££, d 


ay of the occupation. Fo 


S». ThistSC 


artofa!ongero 


e of his. 


813. 'Abbasb 


Mirdia sl-Sula 


nlsaid: 


Were a thousand marked 
They had helped the apos 
Their mark on the day of 
In a strait place thcit fect 

TillatlM black Hi.1.1 


mmad entered Mecca 
nen' — the valleys Aowed 
le and been present at hi 
battle being to the fore. 
were nrm. 
ads like colocynths. 

ame subject to them. 



b. Asad al-Khuza'[ said m 



Acoirdins to what an authority on 



Damari is dead and the peoplc of the mosque do live. 
II,- II |l i ndgudn 

Aft„r thu Son -f Mary is the tightly guided one. 
Damari is dead though once he wis wotshipped 
Before scripture dame to the prophet Muhammad. 



Ibn Hisham's Notes 

n, aclientofAbuHudhayfs. 

3 'Aitir a!-MadanI aaid: When KMlid 



1 'remained wich the marriage-makers 



Of death decreed for him on the day of battle, 
Decreed for him from everywhere," 



And Lift and Fajju Tilah we close 
We brandished our speara behind 
In a great army supported by our 



battle. What g,x,s r h.,s r i to somethmg else. They are quite 

82,. Abu SuMn's son w» named Kf.r-.hi. own n«r» bein S al-Mugh,ra_ 
Some people count Qutham b. al-'AbbSa among them and. omit jvnu 

822. Kalada b. al-Hanb»l. 



le leapt upon her belly 



1. 'Abbas b. Mirdis said conce 
Since you have made Kha 
And promoted him he has 
In an army gu 
Hv v ::irh we smite the wi. 

tese two veises belong to an oc 



p. 5S3.I 



- A trajiti.mjsr who had ,t f,-- ' 'irr.udi ,r,l,l ,iv 

,., 1 s.iallowc.J a murwl nf dnns mho-d w:th 

I-, tast, ,,nt;butsomeofit5tuckinmygull,t,.lun ' _■,,:,» 

id: 'This is one of the parties you sent out. You will hear ti.lmt-s which 

H<s told me that one of the men escaped and came to the apostle to tell 

m the ncws, The apostle asked if anyone opposed KhMid, and he replied 

,ata fair man of medium height had done so but Khalid drmc liini nwny. 

, I , I < v 11 i r I 1 until the dispute 



b. Salama al-Thaqafi, ai 






b. cjuna; 



B30. These verses 
oWal.an.l Kibib 



,amc ,.f chc man who killed Durayd w: 
Tha'laba b. Rabi a. 

Malik have nothing to do with this battk. 1 , , «u 

„. ..^Klilb^nd^ttae^etSs^lik says 'JaTar and B. 
wltat <*wfc* came up while MaUk *nd his party were .t th. 



The Life cf Muhammad 



Ibn Hishum's Notes 






l;i> shniiidiT, his head wrapped in a reii clnth. 'Th;U is 
'Awwam,' he said. 'I swear by al-Lat that he will fight yo 



S^Anauthority 



survivor of Abu 'Amir°s onslaught.' Two br 
and Auta ™> of al-Harith of B. Jusham b. 
his heart and the other his knee and so he died 

,- . -.- 
ingthemssid: 

The killil.E nf al-*Ala- nnd Auti vva> 
They could not bc touched while h! 



to stumble or better shots. 



le saw him i:c s:„d, "i'his is the 



The belt of his sword was long, no short one when he brandish 

So generous he would almost give away his girdle 

To his tent the poor man went m winter 

rn-out rags 
Who goes half-frozen when the night winds blow 

What ails the people of the camp that they did not separate 
When the eloauent chiet had gone > 
I Bwear if you had met him when he was not bound 
Hyaenas wouhl hiiv»; visii:.d vnn ;ti iik- mountain fnot. 






833. One of tbe rhapsodijts <:»v! 

They cried, Help, O sqi 

834. The words 'coyered with du 



homage of al-Ridwin ? 
ot from 1,1. 






S^o. The ap: 



Tl 


eCrd^K» 


s 1 ot " 


L".r 










Ol 


ers say I. biub 
















other tradition 


$ 'had we shared 


ou 


salt winY, 


&C. 




wife Fatima d. S|,:--. i-:-, h. ] 
ping with blood. 


polytlu 


th: 


He said 


bu Bakr 


s 






850. A tradition 




e to the apostl 


said to him, 'So 


My spoj] and that of 'Ubayd my ho 
Is shared by al-Aqra' and 'Uyayna. 






Tienyeen 'Uyayna and al-Aqra\' T 








Godsaid, "W 


not taught him 


oetry and that is not ritting for him" 


(Sur.i 3(1. t>o>. 






'Abdullah b. 'Utba-Ibn 'Abbas— said: The apostle acc 


cpted the hom 


Quraysh and otr 


ers and gave them on the day of al-jTrina some of the 



>f Idunayn, thus: 

B Umayya: AhQ Sufyan b. Harb; Taliq b. Sufyan; anil Khilid b, Wd 

D.lr. Shayba b. 'UthmSn b. Ahu V.i'ln. U™ *.u,.ibil b. 

Ba'kak b. al-Harith b. 'Umayla b. al-Sabbaq; 'Ikrima b. 'Amir b. 



B. M:ikli7um: Ztihayr b. Abii Ur 

Ili-ham h al Muith r, 1 . I. li 

al-Miijmirti; Sufy:in b. 'Abdu'1-Asi 

b. 'Aidh h. 'Abdullah b. Amr. 

II. Adiy b Kn'b: Muti* b. al-Aswad 1 

B. jumah b. 'Amr: Sal™, b. Umay; 



al-Mughlra; al-Hanth b 



Jbn Hulunrii .\otcs 
.u Manat b. Kinana: Naufal 



b. ?a's_a'a and Harmala 



B. Sulaym h. Mansur; 'Abbas b. Mirdas b. Abu 'Amir brothe 

al-ldarith b. Buhtha b. Sulaym. 
B. Ghataian, of the clan of B. Fazara: 'Uyayna b, hhsn b. Hudhayfa b. 

B. Tamim of the clan of B. Hamjala: al-Aqra' h. Habis b. Tqi 




782 The Life of Muhammad 



t-e drunk willi al-Mr.Y.Hln .1 i 



Ibn Hisham's Notes 
awled away on one wholc leg a: 
! Bra surrounda is 



Jod, be pkased wiih "UthmSil Bra 
al-Ansarl in charge of Medina. 



Siba' b. 'Urfu(a (T- brother of B. Ghifar) aver M 
ju Khaythama (his name waa Malik b. Qays) said: 



1 .. i 1 Mlowed him. 




When I saw men hypocritical in religion 








To ;i nlit.ti.li \ .itr r r t 1 - r, ,,i 1,, i 




And I pledged my fealty to Muhammad. 


And your brother has naught to do with. 






lf vou don't ncL-i-pt what I say T shall not grieve 




I leit the dyed one in the hut 


Nor say if you stumble God help you! 




When thel, ^ooritt^utted ^uT" ^" ^ ""^' 


He sent this to Bujayr, and when he receiyed it he did not like to hide it 






Ma^mita hTgiven°you a' MUu^ Waid, ^That ^^d^to^ liar! 


S62. 


I have heard that al-Zuhn said: When the apostle passed by al-Htjr 








I : i.t and mother did not follow it.' 


yT 


may rneet^with the fare that befeil them.' 


B55. Ora].Ma'mur. 


863. 


Others say I. Lusayb. [T- also has this readine, so that an early 




scnbe is probably at fault.] 


yerses 'The qur5d crawls merhu 1 ' l 3 i shi md She lets a 




Some say Makhshly. 


t 1 1 1 \ 1 t 1 11 n 1 1 1 \| t tvvr 11] lils lmlIi' 




are not on the authority of I.I. 


S6 S . 


He was callcd Dhu'1-Bijadayn because when he broke away to Islam 



j. It is said that the apost 
ie\ 'Why didn't you spl 
ntion ?' So Ka'h spoke th 



tnt upon him. (The bijdd is 2 coarse rough wrapper.) I: 
hc apostle, and when he camc near he rent his bijad inl 

apostle and was called 'He of the two (!L!r^lL•^ts , . Bya 
of bkck hair, as in the words of Imru'u'l-Qays; 



st-nt Talh.th. T'b a vdl.llah with a ni.mbcr of lils frk 
,0 hu'n-1 Suwnylim'5 house down on them. Talha d 
Khtilila thrcw htmself from the top of the housc ar 
friends rushed out and escaped. H 



868, Lalubhayanna is not from I.I. [This is a most interesting n 

. 1 , , II ,1 .1, .1 1 I rd,;„ull 

whichmustberight. The doggerel I; in the f„- 



10 respcct a treaty, 



;!,.„!' Iiis 1'lunrl dldl. TherM 



[asruq b, al-Ajdj' ihr- 1»«. ' 



,y unclc, O Mu'awiya, left an inheritar 



8;8. And 'UtSrid b. Hajib, one of B. Darim b. Malik b. Hanzala b. Malik 
b. Zayd Manat b. Tamim; and al-Aqra' b. Habis, one of B. Darim b. 
Mahk; and sl-Hutat b. Yazid of th, -,»», ; and ;ii-Zibiiqan b. Badr, one of 
B. Bahdala b. 'Auf b, Kab b. Sa'd b. Zayd Manat b. Tamim; and 'Amr b. 
al-Ahtam, one of B. Minqar b, 'Uhayd b. al-Harith b. 'Amr b. Ka'b b. 
Sa'd b. Zayd Manat b. Tamim; and Qays b. 'Asim, one of B. Minqar. 



H-o. H j i ii ' riimll, plural i t 

', 1 ! , « they have not chosen a friend "^ ** 

Know that you have been m;jv a fr:end 
To whom they bring undiluted death. 

871. AuMu khilalokum means 'hurried «tmec >■■■,.: hi:. 

;::i„ B . Al-Ajda' b. Malik al-Har 

My gallant horse wUl catch 2 wild bull for you 

[Perhaps the wild bull itself is 1 
S72. Some ascribc- thc poem ;■■ 

873. The last hemistich is not 1 

874. The words 'and he has gi' 
>u Zayd al-Ans.ir' 



'Abdu'1-Rahman. 



1'InYat 






ts* and 'Dark bays, spiritec 



S76. ■' 



3 „ (Not Habhab but) al-Hutat. The apostle established brotherhood 

• ■■' Muawiya b Abu Sufyan. The apostle did this between 

, , t c , \b U Bakrand'Umar;'Uthman 

... ,, vi I rh, ., Lbaydullah and al-Zubayr b. al- 



a]-Zibriqan's authorship. 



Is glory aught bu 
Tlu c!ionilv of ku 
\Ye hilpei! ;,n:l sl 



te begat tlie prophet of good of Hasrum's I 



i. Anuther yersion is 'O boil likc the boils of a camel and death 

}. Zayd b. Aslam from 'Ata' b. Yasar from I. 'Abbas said : God sen 
: wombs keep small and what Erows larjrer' as far as the words 'ai 



■ d the spoiler' is on 



886. Thesetwoye: 



889. Musaylima b. Thumamit suma 

890. Or al-Haushiya [in Nsjd]. 
b. Hartm al-Hamdanl wi 



892. The first yerse and the words 'If we conquer' are from someone other 
than I.I. [It is not cited by T-, a fact which might perhaps indicate that it 



[ ordered you to fcar God, to ramu 



5. The word bithafri i: 



u 'Ubayda's authority. 



11 1 ir 1 1 ii 1 1 m 

al-Hirith b. Muawiyab. Thaur b, Muratti 1... • 



hps li kc tliose o£ a camel eatmg bitter herbs who has sci 
al-Hirith. So he was called 'the eater r,f llittcr herl: 
Thei, al-Hdritb followed him with B. Bakr b. Wa il, o 



al-Harith al-A'raj al-r.hassani hud killed h,s f 



■W-nrdinK to what a trust rlli 1 irl ,rit I 1:1 mi li m \m I 1 I 1 
h- L-ilhayna aI-'Abdi Irrari Ahn -,i I "i' I lnmilan 

Malik b. Ayfa ir I I 1 1 1 '■ilm m in I Arturi 1 M ilik 



singers of the people, 01 



. Malik b. Namat and ai 



Thia Milik stoodbefore the ap. 
swift camels, linked by the cords of 



The apostle sent letters with his compamons am 

of Rum ; 'Abdullah b. Hudhi& to Chosroes, king of 
al-Damri to the Negus, king of Abyssinia; I.latit 



To the district of Kharii and the 
high country and the sand hiUa with thcir envuv 
iat and those of his people who are Muslims. Theirs is the high 
tie low ground so long as they perform prayer and pay alms; 



Carried their riders on a far-stretching road. 
Strong, long-striding camels 

iil> like well-fed ostriches. 
[ swear by the Lord of the camels that run to Mina 
Returning with riders from a lofty height 
That the apostte of God is held true among us, 
An apostle who comes with guidance from the Lord of the throne. 






in the day of tl-r- 1 

ion u[ M-iry. 1 ' ' Theyasked hoi 



j. Wahh to Jabala b. al-Ayham al-Ghassani, and al- 
■ - - to al-Hirith b. 'Abdu K 

he genealogy of SaTu; and Thumima 




thers who feared for i 



The high pr 

d-'Anbar was b. 'Ami b. Tamim. 

08. According to AbQ r Ubayda the name waa al-Huraqa, 



et forth for Dumatu'1-J 



atnfH UakrdntElws: 



a Muslim as long as I live 



aiter the killiiig of Khubavb h 

Eyta b. Harb, With him he sent Jabbur b. ! 

■■.! chey tied their two camda in one of the nan 
passes of Ya'jaj and entered the town by night. Jabbar suggested to 'A 
that they should circumgmbulate the temple and pray two rak'a$, to wt 

yards. 'Godwilling they won't be,' he replied, 'Amr aaid: 
the temple and prayed and then came away making for 
we were walking in the town a man looked at me and n -;■■■■ 
cried, 'It'a r Amr b. Umayya. By God, he has come onl 
purpose. 1 1 told my companion to run and m 

,ey came out in purauit of us and dii " 




al-*Arj, a then Rakuba 3 until I dropped down to al-Naqi' 4 where th 
two polytheists of Quraysh who had been sent as spies to Medina. I 
them to surrender but they refused, so I shot one im- 
other surruidcrud, I bound him tighrJy and ttiok him to Medina. 



The Life of Muhammad 



! he said, 'but I lollow the b 

e gives permission.' He went ba< 

thing to Mecca. 1 

order that ties of kmship should 

lu have killed the fathers with th 



They were nine: 'A'isha d, Abu Bakr; Hafsa d. 'Umar; Umm Habiba 
d. Abu Sufy5n; Umm Salama d. Ahu Umayya h. al-Mughira; Sauda d. 
Zama'a b. Qays; Zaynab d. Jahsh b. Riab; Maymuna d. al-Harith b. 
Hazn; Juwayriya d. al-Hjrith b. Abu Pirar; and Saflya d. Huyay b. Akhtab 

He married thirteen womcn : Khadija d. Khuwaylid, his rlrst wife whom 
her father Khuwaylid h. Asad, or aceording to others her brother 'Amr, 
married to him. The apostle ga\>e her as dowry twenty she-camels. She 
bare all the apostle's children eicept Ibrahlm. She had been previously 
married to Abu HSla b. Malik, one of B. Usayyid b. 'Amr b. Tamim, an ally 
of B. 'Abdu'[-Dir to whom she bore Hind b. Abu Hlla and Zaynab. Before 
o 'Urayyiq b. 'Abid b. 'Abdullah b. 'Umar 



Makhzum to whom she bore 'Abdullah and Jariya. 




He married 'A'isha in Mecca when she was a child of se\ 




her jn Mcdina when she was nine or ten. She was the o: 


oly virgin that he 


married. Her father, Abu Bakr, married her tp him and th 




four hundred dirhams. 




He marned Sauda d. Zama'a b. Qays b. "Abdu Shams b 




& b. Hisl b. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy. Sallr b. 'Am. 




ro^h ^dred^n m '^' mar ™ d h * r *" ^™' ""* ^" 


apostle gave heir 


Ibn IshSq contradicts this tradition saying that Sallt ant 


1 Abu Hatib were 


absent in Abyssinia at this time. Betore that she had bei 


:n married to al- 



Sakran b. 'Amr b. 



Ibn Hisli- 
Hemarried Zaynabd. Jahsh h. RiYih al-Asadlya 

had been previously married to Zayd b. Haritr 
apostle, and it was about hcr that God sent down 

He mamed Umm Salama d. Abu Umayya 

idmill. She had been married to Al 
whose name was 'Abdullah. She had horne hin 



'So when Zayd had 
b. al-Mughira al-M 



b. al-'As married her 



,ame was Ramla d. Abu Sufyan. Khalid 
rriage for the apostle. She had been married to 



Hemamed Jtn 
among the capthn :jd £allen to *e .'' 

Thabit h. Oayi i'i and he 



ig his help. He osked h< 



act and marry you myself ?' She said 
. Ishaq from Muhammad b. Ja'far 



ordered him to guard he 



;, 'Here is my daughter's 



al-'Aqiq. Then he came to the 
ransom.' The apostle said: *But 
in al-'AqIq in such-and-such a pas: 

the two camels and handed ther 

iportL n -3tedhSfi im -™> he agreed and the aposile 

gave her four hundred dirhams. She had bcrn ; 

■■„ . rpc.stle bought her from Thabrt 

^' He mamed^^yTrr^yayb. ^h^b whonThe had «Ptured at Khaybar 



i ■ 'i lunad al-Hanthb. Haznb. Bahir b lhv:i,,, |, 
uil.ih t> Hii.l, b. Amir 1: S: !n a. \l.'A|.,bas b. 'Abdu' I 

iu:r M riiin aiid rjavp l,,r on iln L ipostle's behalf fout 
. She had been married to Al.ll Runm h. .Uh.uV[ '.y, 

'Abdu Wudd b. Nasr b. Malik b. Hisl b. 'Amjr b. Lu' 
t rt was she «bo gave l.,,,., L .,, ih pmphei because his* offer of 






,1 llis 



:1. Shesa 



b. Ma'i a b. •JUir b. Lu 
He marricd Zaynab d. 



)f li. Munqidh b. 'Amr 



'Amr al-Hilali 

MmIuiiiis. ^ry I 



' , i i -r I t , l/bayda b. al-Hai 
re that to Jahm b. 'Amr b. 




,,u ll ' LIJU '■'■„,',, „ , v: ,,.■■.■,■:: r:.ni:lv. Z L lv,,a:, J 

...a, Zaynab d. Khusayroa, Juuuyriyu, Asmj', arui 'An, 
ab woman was Safiya d. Huyay b. Akrrtab of Ii. Wad.r 






921. Hassan b. Thabit sa 

Hishilm told us on the au 

In Tayba" there. is sti' 

The marks of the sac 



I. ,:■.! ,01,. 



Reminding me o 



lority of Abu Zay 

ed buildinr/ that holds 



Hands poured dust upnn hini, eyes 



" .11 W< W entinsuchfearofZ..: 
., yl b. 'Amr arosc and after givin B thanks to God mentioned 



The Life of Mukammad 



Ibn HishamS Notes 
y-d brought him up aa a boy 
To his knowledsc the Mualima resorted; 



rtune befe]l too heavy for rhcm ro hear 
m came the easing of their dimculty. 

■ guide by which the clear path could t 




What ails thine eye that 

ophthalmia 
Tn gricf for the guided one who lies dead 



with the kohl of on 

=sdf 

that ever walked the earth 



That I had been buried before thee in Baqi u'l-Gharqad! 
On that Monday — rhe truiy guidcd prophet. 



That turns away tl 



The land hecime too strait f< 

wjng goodness to 
[n ETery ::nnr that he was pr 



rj22 Thc last half of the iirst ve 



ADDENDA 



ury a.d.', in B.S.O.A.S., i< 



i Tbe Mcccan L '.ii;v>r o. ;d-A2rag,r (ii. 176 and 17 
r4- I have adopted the reading of C. against W. in 



ir "Jmar said «as '(Thu birds.) n: 



226, 1. 6 from end. Dhu Kashr is correct. See Yaqijt, iv. 276 ult. W. has 

233,1]. r6andr8. The host has only a Hmited control over liis ,11 ih«l;f\ 
1 1 li 111 I I 1 1 111 1 (jai ) is his dependant ant" 

r his acts bccause he has authority ovcr him. Cf, :i. yz^. 



'•-., .,1 Uass.ln b. Thabit. I.H. ii 



h (Hirschfrld's 'Meci 



about Ansari propaganda and about poems tathered on Hassan. 
P- 3*4. 1. 7 & om end - w - has 'Abdullah b. Payf. Authoi 



INDEX OF PROPER NAMES' 



jn nf the night journey ™i 



, i ! 



ABd,B.(T),5S8, 

.. 1<M, ioo, za s , 346. 
A'shi, sl, B. Qay, h. 

A '■!." . i. l: Zu,'Vii,' al-T«mimi (P). 



b. K.'b .l-'An S i, 648. 

h ' '- '. ng. .6*. 187,3,1. 

r*k-5**'°*' 

V<'lf 'T'' 7 ' 5 9 



&*&;.?; 






1 .}'' 1 V ' 

■ b. Tamim (P). 5°. 
U| ^ ' -4-3.577,58.-3.5».. 

. ;. t S. 

- b. Mird.s (P), 4+3, 444, 5 (,,, 5 (,S, 

204, 205. 

— A.hbal, B. (T), .„,'/,0=' 3o 5l J45 , 

m, 3J4, 550, 569. 
\bbai, 145. 



— b". Jahsh, 214, 286-9, 3S8. 

,!uqsyySt (P), 698. 



2.436.448. 


9, 6*5-«. 

,fV"' 7 ' 


i;£: 




^sw 


™ lls' 



Soa Index of Proper Names 


/B(fcar 0/ Proper Names 803 


'AbduManif (T), 172, iBd, .01, 222. 

1 -a8.45, 59.61,62- 


-" ', ,1' "1J1*. 695 


Budaylb. 'Abdu Mudt (P), 542, 560. 

Bujayd b. Tmrin (P) 4 77 6. ' 
Bujayr b. Zuh iyi ,!',, ,.: 


.,,..vvv,h al-I.avthi, 552. 
Fadl, al, b. 'Abbib, , 


, "1, 1 ,1 , 1 \ut, iln 492, 562. 


■AmrTd. Durayd (P), S74-5. 


Bu?ra (L), 69, 79, 654. 


■Abdu Yllll b. ■Amr, 614-15. 
,1 1 , -21 --( 
'Abi, B. (T), 5''S 


|6, -■.:. B8, 134, ,73, 207, 


CaStw'.,^'"- 


— b.Musa,k r (P)[t'39-4T. 
Fatimad. al Kh,,,. 






Dahnsk, ,), b, KhaMa, 7S2. 




Ad b y HSt?m m 6 5 '' ' 9 '' 


■a" :'i b Vl'i-h.lm (Abul-Bakhtari), 118, 


— b. Suiyan, 570, 577, 579, sSl, 591. 


F»nti, a i^/jis, 664. 


b S '.'i 1 -, r^lS' 547 ' 


,1 1 ' ' ,' -Tt "" 


Dam Dhu Tha&n, .8. 


Finhi5, 263, 369- 


t K 1 


•A 18 '' "■Adi"'^"' 1 "'' 7 ''' "'' '' 


Dhakwanrri/.tSo'','. 


Adiy (T), 21. 


,1 \ 562 














' ^ , " 4 V 7 4 6S 49,-9 509. 


-b T,,™ !■- (Jatada, xv, xxv. 


4 t -+2 ...S ',o ' 


Gaude&oy-Dtmombynia, a 79 . 


-.,'.'. -l'„ ' 
1 1 ■ 1 ,r 710 720 
'Ajlan, H. (T), 622. 

" | iiiirim . 6 6 


^u;g! l ^^■■ , ' 7 ■'- , '■ 


Dhitu'l-Riqa' (L), 455-7. 


Ovyer,'R."693,'698,'7i9, 720, 724. 
Ghiba, al (L), 671. 




Dhu Am.rr (l.l. ;!,.-.. 


Ghihb b. ■AbduJlah, 660-1, 667. 

G ^£7sF2ib?^Si?66zJ>7<>? S °' 
Ghauth, al, b. Murr, 4g. 




■Aun b. Ayyub ('(■), -=- 


— j^^ljjp' 


s = 3 S 4 * + + f 


1 , ,, , Kalujd, 216-17. 




.— ;,. >■'.:.: !,!•} 638, 65O, 664', 6A 

,17,;, (fc, 6S;. f>^5. 687, 688, 689,753, 

',' 1 , r,' f: ,<r 

— abul-Ash'ari, 575-6- 


im,' 4+ ' 6 ° 2 ' 6os ' 6,4 ' 6H ' 


,;,r, ,66, 572, 573- ' 

- 1-Majiz (L), .89, 1,0. 

- (Jarad (L), 4.86-90, 625. 

- Ru-ayn, 12, 20, 643. 

-"hajghar (L), 56S. 


gbj2iya B (Th 573v 

'M 4 86. 4 90, si7, 518, 
549, 5S7, 571, 603, 609, 623. 


1 1 4S- rl( 


--' 


— 1W(L). "7- ■.(' = . .-00.548 
T.-sbayr(L), 625. 

— Yasau, 585. 

111,:,l,v,ii, li, (Tl, 568. 


SSuk 4 ' 6 6 "' 6 8 
HirOr, 11 ?! ab 9i l!a, 3 svii, ' 


~ , .'"'■, 89,193. 

— b. al-Tufayl, 631-2. 

, , ■ (P) «»11,229.607. 

,„ ,, 1 ,n 98 
■„ „ ■, ,11 ,11.1, ahu'Uz2a, 317-18, 

— b. at-Ahtam, 631. 


id (L), , ,, 97, 368. 796. 


Dihv:i h. Khaliia, 511, 655-6, 663. 
1)11, «l,T),6l8, 674. 
,:;.-, C, 605. 

Pabi- b. al-Hirith (P), 739. 


Heraclius (T), 654-7. 

ml&^jp^n™' S77 ' 

..,,6,358-9,374,379, 


"2','- ■'" ('"- ' 

,-,(P), 47.43. 

— 1, H-j-.mul.,, 2C7-R, 385. 388. 


T>, '200,228. 


1 i„r,ui„m b. 'Amr, 289, 291, 315, 
-b. ,l-Hirith(P), S 84. 

Rimr., 11. (T), 2S S , 443. 
(),,,,.„-, 1,, Tha'laba, 634-5. 


J 1 i „1 , 1 J59. 38; 
- 1S b.al.'X 5 ,2i6.'" 2 '' 75 ' 


~~ b MaM^JtSh) (P) 20 6 6 7... 






-b.Sub5ba,4yO J 492. 




— b. aI-Kha|tsb (P), 190,206. ;;;, 15,, 


— h" nl.WBliH. ral. iSo-oa. 



8o4 Index of Proper Names 




■,=,722,731,734,754. 
«, 773. 775. 777. 780, 




Hubayr. b. abuWahb b. 'Amr (P), 404- 


■i''ibu Karib, ,2, 13. 


5, 407, 477, 478, 557, 597- , 
Hudhayl (T), 1, in, 25, 36, 416-33, 

Hun^.U^Kh^ym.m, ,71. 

Habib b. Khudra (P), 721. 


.605 • 3 . 5+S ' 
Himls b. Q.ys (P), 549-S°- 
Hims (L), 654. 


$.das (T), S 36. 

i§3& 


Hudhayfa b. Abd, 22. 


: IjH, 48, 49. 
Hulays al, b. Z»hban (or b. 'Alqama), 


uit, 519,760- 

v,siiiv, ilii. 


■ -'t (P), 734- 


Hakimb. Hizam, 546. 
Halima d. abu Dhu'ayb, 70. 

'■ ., 36S, 371. 
Hamna d. Jatlsh, 495, 497, 499. 
Hmnri' u]-Ajad (Li, 3 
Harnia b. 'Abdul-Muttalib, 83, 117, 


rjuyayy b. Akhiab, 151 

36,,4}8,450.452. 4f» -1<-H, 465, +»-- 


D& 636, 648. 

Hanzala b. ahu "Aniir, 377, 626. 


Irr^ill-OayTipT™. 734. 756, 768. 


|1%W) 8I ,7, 386,6,5, 62,, 




-&uKu, il ,642. 


SSSKITiMte 






~ b HUhJnT^iT 3,9 34, 142 


;i^ S af (UaS^soS 4 ' 7 


-b, rlilizza (P),m. 7S7- 

— »i>u Oatada 5 b°'llib'i, 488, 669. 


J.-.dira, al (P), 366. 

,il(P),464,48l. 


-b.'1'uliM». ,87 

- b. w."b (P), 756. 

— b. Zuhayr (P), 718. 

"iri^^m'™,' 


»bMf b. rjalum (P), 563- 


— b. 3 Shar.bil(P), 714- 

Hassan b. Milla, 662-3. ..'. . 


i.is'rjd, 490. 


„,386, 405, 4=8, 4". 
421. 430-2. 435, 436, 

■ 
544-5, 536, 558, 624, 626, 629, 630, 


298, 304, 342, 505- 

Jahm, abu, b, Hudhayfa, 510. 

!'), 704, 7", 712, 714 
Jarudb, 'Amr, 635-6. 



,un, al (P), iSS^J. 

™»™(P)°to.' '' 

■Sl.abud'), 664. 

■ 

uKiif(L), 84, 5J5. ' 3 "* 

!, 577". 598. 

!nih<L). 5«4. 2 s87, 642. 

u+ J om(T) J o,45,4«. 

, harr, ji. 1 1 ,. 560-7, 577, 579, 5« 

a'b B. (T), 60, 92, 188, 542, 544, 56i 

- b, Asad »]-Q„ra?i, 45.-, 40 1 , 4'M -■': 

36, 278, 344, 350, 36; 









i ,.-,: '-.'..'-■■■ , 

Kh.l.f°B.'(T) 3 , , i2°5- 

' 

-b:.i-w»i s d 2 ,^o, 37J 4 7 ; ,t 

536-7, S49, S61-5, 576, 583, 
i-y. ' '.'. 776-7,791- 
. 

. !'",. 705. 
Khandaq, al (L), 4SO-60. 
Khatim al-Tamimi (P), 164, 

Khallitan, b.. slii. 

Kha,h'am (T,, 23, 585, 642. 
! ;!.), 564. 

xi,3 177, 207, 43 
510-j,,. 130, 5S7, 6,3,625, <" 
Khayf, al (L), 508. 






ihind'if 7 (T), 587. 

thirish, abu, al-Hudhali (P), 7°9, 7=3, 

Chubayb b. 'Adiy, 420-53, 453, 4S5, 

SS' 5 b 78 k S h 5 2 J Td''(abuDhu'ayb» 

390, 490, 501. 504, 540-3, 547, 554, 
CilibB. (T), 566, 568. 577- 

1 2.12, 452, S40, 54"- 

ItB 5 (PUSs"' 



-a (P), 169, 180, 632-4, 



Lra, E. W., 149, 232^ : 

Langdon, S. H.', 207. 

Liyth, B. (T), 589, 651. 

- h. abu Sulaym, 36 

' ""»,485. 



LihySn, B. (T>, 4S5. 



Via'sb (L), 532, 
VJrtfir(L),6«. ^ 

,T1. ,32, ,45, 170, 
VIatL SS a lav<: 6 



Index of Proper Nt 
>. 'Auf al-Nasri m, 566-7, 



Ma'qilb.Khuwayl'idal-HudhaIi(P),;30. 

MXb°I™,mfs"-. 3 . 
Ma'nb, 6«. 

rta (I-), 597- 
Manhad b. abu Marthiid, 436-33. 



Matrud b." Ka'b (P), s 

MaiSra^! "'"" 
■■• 

1 
Mtcca, 45-31,561, S* 

MUtrSb* Ijaf«' (P)* U iji" 

llui [Ll, sc -' - 






Mu^dTb.^AM, 242, 384. 



■ -':.:■.]> i ' ] 1 ■'!', - 

':::i (T), S 6l', S6J-4. 
Mufarrigh h. al-Himyart (P), 768, 

Muh*yj"S*. h.'MM'ud, a 369, sis.j: 



. '. .1 , . 

Murr b. Udd (P), 50. 
MMb 8 ''^ 6 ^ *yi „ ,UH 

- 

• 377, 630,6+8, «49,; 

■ 17I.490-3.494- 

: - ■ 1 il I 7: 

^S, 540, 557, 568. 
Muzdalifa(U 3'>. ' 



al(P),i2 3 ,22i,6,8,72 



■ 

aharkTauliMp )',- 



407,517, 636. 

,1 ,1 1 ]. -. 

Nakhla (L), 38, 193, 387, 
N^>(L>. 491, 674- 

Nkholsori, R U A™' 2*9*601 

\.tllt T u. v« 1 

Nu'fymb. 'Abdullah, 151 



'■ 



Index of Proper Nantes 

■u Wa. ,, r 



1 llu 1 ... I ,1 

Quhi(l.\l'„. 217,'"- *■- 

l.uL 



12, 63«, 6: 



"■■'; ■'..'"•. 

U*r!aVya <P), 652, 767. 
t,l(i.'] + 4^-V, 1 '4S 5 , s „. 
Irad. 'Amr, 4 66. 

h, al, al-Hudha 5 iF(P), 773. 
(L), ,80. 
Ib. Qays, 2S8, 264, 671-2. 

Zayd, 49:', 516,604,648, 61 
Jb. a K.bj'J'(P),xxyii, 4 o,s2,5 

:ui iil-.MutttilibT, OS-tj. 



U'adh, 2O0, 21,7, 301 53». ,.'■:., 

.57.463-4,46)!, ]■: 



■ ' ' .' 



Imayr, 603, «7S. 

I 11 

>■ abul-Hu<jjyq (ab 



ialniin rhe Persian, 
iams b Lu'ayy (P), 

iaMb, 5, 695, 698. 






W S ?2'3. 



ihahran(T), 2 






3 86, 4*8, +47-9, +JO, 

. 8,553,569,570, J89, 
Sufyin, abii, b.'al-Harith (P), 481, 546, 
ror, 194, 206, 309, 312, 499- 



'' 



■ (P), 766. 

U ■ ■ >'J, 177, 427- 
-11 . I 1 t , 4 'i -1, 

5S7, 5«2, 5*5, SW, 570. 574-5, 578, 
Suwayd b.'il-Slmit (P), 196. 
Suyutj, al, 577- 
Satiy. d. Abdul-Muttalib (P), 74, 387- 



J>, 458, 
— i,M 



■ 



.Ai al-Hudhili, 7»I, 

SJEib, , 4 -,6. 

$.11, abu, b. abu Rabla (P), 29, 32. 
" ■■(!.), 7,,ir, 32, ,80,648. 

'■-!. Qnys ll ill '. 



*7»i.*». 

SJuradb/.AbdulIah, 642. 
Tanlm, B, ot 5»' 5*9 

- b^SdtP), 541, 774. 

— h.I.-b.yy. 7°3,73i. 
Tan'jm, .1 (L), 184,1,3, 

Thab°'r(L), ,05,123. 

. 1 • I Q - -' . t 

ThaoiE (T),'i9i, 566, 57 
586-7, 589-93, 6,4-17 
Thaur(L), .OJ, ,23. 

.,■.!. . 



°5 73-5. 5»2. 5»+. 5*7- 
i;hl,498, 511, 570. 
!;.(!■. 
Tilib, abu (P), 79, ,05, 114, .17-21, 

n%9, 296, 351. 



Tayyi' (T), 605, 608, 6 3 8. 
Tayyib, al, 'Abdullah, xxvi: 



■ 

Him', 61,. 

Habiba d. Abu Sutyln, 

Haklm al-Bayda' (P), 7 



— b. abu lalt (P),'T 3 , 353. 355. * 

697,6,8,7:3, 733. 
Umm al-Fadl, 309-11, 366, 



— b. Zayd, jdiv, xlv, , 

569, 6 5 a, 667, 678, 687. 
Usayd b. Hudayr, 200, 389, 468, 48., 

'Ubada b. al-Samit, 3 6 3 , 490. 
'Ubayd b. 'Umayr, 105. 

'Ubayda, abu, 698. 70! 

;Sj, 786, 787, 789- 
.7J5. 



5 6 7,' 569, 590, 593, 596: 

'Umayr b. 'Adiy.^s-o. 

'»-.9, 565, 6=4- 
. . ■ . 

■•'!, 502, 572, 587, 51 

. r ,!57'5°°,543,545. 
;UtSrid b. Hajib, 628. 

2.4, 296, 297, 298, 306, 340, 3A 

550, 562, 593. 993, b=>6, 713, 757- 
- b. Martr, (P)', '49, 169, 500. 

■ 
'Uyayna b, Hijn, 486, S9°, 593. 5 

628, 667, 670. 



Index of Proper Nam 



ysjir, Jew, 513-.4. 



Waqqii$ b. Muji 



■3, 83, 99, M3, 



'al-Kulaybi (P), 7"< 



!':.*SS6. 
Z«yruibd. al-Hirith, 516. 

E d ; |SHd 3 ' 3 .4. 3I 6-.7. 

■„ 765, 77S. 

iuhayr b. abu Sulma (P), 44, 22,, 
- b. ibu Surad (P), 592-3- 



Z.hrSn (L), .88, 42: 
Zur«yba (L), 526. 



ISNAD INDEX 



Ablinb. Sjlih, 33 ., 353. 
Ajlah, al, 77. (IH)- 
Ana» 1,. M31ik, riiv. „lv, ,i 
38., «4 (T). 5«. 571,« 



Ay,,,,,, ; 



idul-Rahrnan, 






3" ,:4 4^.458,53t.S4S.682,68 

'Abbai.al, h, -Ahlul ,11 , , - 



363, 368, 384, 3S7, 38B, 400 bu, 419, 

5t>5, 5°°. 539, 531, 545, 623, 635, °55. 

\ 755 (IH), 774, 786. 

:msn al-Makki, 255. 



24I, 289,2?7, 3=- 

111, I , 

— b. al-tllrith, 1 17, 6S9. 

— b. jVfar, 70, 111,751. 



'Abdullah b. abu Solit, 51 

- b. Sahnin, 84. 

- b. abu Talh», 570. 

- 1 iu,i,i , i0 , ,sa 



h- ,,- - - III, 



jS.h, IT7 . 



■ b. Bujayd, 524. 



ij, abu 'Ubayda, 763 
-"'"','l'lM bduHA. 

■A', ha,38, 105 154 ,", ' " " 

il "7 * 



1 ,1 1 *\\ ,'r , I. 

-"1 5 ' " I - 
2i)9, 300, 308,363, 3 r, 
383 ttr, 426, 428, 43. 






"^"^sWus 



nw,6 5 =- 

! 'Utayba, 310 (T). 
rlakimb.'Abbad,SS2. 
— b. Hakim b. Abhid, 389, 56,, 610. 

ijuliahb. 'Umar, 680. 



b. ]s'fsr «l-Mal.ii.udi, 776 ( 
b. Muhammad b. TaTha, 10. 



■u, Bl-Subay'1, 787 (IH). 



257, 267, 290, 3°4, 3 " 7, 3*3, 368, 419, 
:..; rlH). 
'Isi b. 'Abdullah, 616. 
-b.Talb».75S(IH). 
JSbir b. 'Abdullah, 256, 400, 445, 446 

bil, 451, 46S, 486, j 

63 ; ,- i:::r,. 

Ih b. Aalam, 278, 374. 
— b. Muhammad. ,34, f,88. 



$3L b al-Husa 



97,383,4^,396,605. 



"■Abdulliih (nbu 'AHq) 






— h. Khaytham, 285. 

— b. Sa'id'b. al-Musayyib,73, 176, 

; f 604, 677, ?8 3 . 






Muwayhiha, abu, 678. 



• ; >,.' ' 



. '.1 •. . .. 



— b. abu Zayd al-AnsSrl, 75S (IH). 
Salama, abu b. "Abd 

■'-■\l™' 

— b. Nu'aym, 649. 

■ 

— abul-Nidi, 670. 

■-jll 1 b I ' 1 -j- 

'^7t 9 <IH),77I. 

. 

nnil), 384- 

il '153,655. 

-L Cyayna, 229, T ',., IK) 






5adaqa b. Yasar, 446. 

gililj b. lbiahim, 70, 93, 169, 381. 

— b. Kaysan, 25°, ?<>7> J»2, 3*5. 3«l>. 






Waqid, ahu, al-Laythi, 56S. 
Yahya b. abul-A5h'alh, 113. 

79. 38l'vS%l«. SmI 548! 652! «st 

j. 'Abdullah, 235, 309, 494. 650. 

Ya'qub b. 'Utba'h. ai-Mnahii», 4, 27. 

91,119, 183,498,563, 572.6l4,66o, 



''■'.,. 689,774 (j!jH). ' 

— h. al-^akam, 677- 

— b. 'Abdullah h 

Waki', 7*>*<IH).' 



Yunuj b. 'Ubayd, 763 (IH). 

Ziyad'b. Pumayra, 670. 

&i,4M. 

Zuh j] .L.i .1 I I 4 ,j 11 

s'!i'6,'27 9 'i,-J,, 280', 289! 
tlhS^SS, ^'!»:'^' CIH) nt', 



INDEX 0F BOOKS CITED 



Aghjni, al, xxviil, sxix, 174. 

,-yin al-Ea8riyin, 59 

I ' ^. .1'. f?, 171. 2}i. 

AsrSr «l-Tiniil' 1*3. 



...„-'ul. 374. ?'i. 
Nihaya il iiijl, r „ il 

Pilgrimage to Mecca ai 



Maiisiira, al, 53. 

AbO Dhatr(iride), of Proper Narnea 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS 



Bysantmes, ,8, 271, 278, 532-6, 6t 



49-5', SS, S7-S0, >2j, 649-S2. 






Titt2££E!ft2h+ 


Pr , i, n u 1 1 , 

«s-°. 


The TweiVft leaders ' :,t ':,:-" -\:r::b:i 


Qibla, 135, 137, 202 

7; iamily of 

Ourayah, 52-6,, So" 


gibi', 2o 3 , 639. 

- , 1 „ , , 

Taboos, 40, 87-89, 



1 ■■■ I. 1,1. ■.- 



b. 3<=-34. °S4. 698-700. 
: ritual, 112, 186-7, 199; c