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Aerius Redivivus :
OR THE
HISTORY
O F T H E
Presbyterians.
CONTAINING
ThcBEGINNINGS, PROGRESSE.and
SUCCESSES ofthat AftiveSea.
Their Oppofitions to Monarchical and Epifcopal
Government.
Their Innovations in the Church ; and their Inthmlments of the
Kingdoms and Eftates of Chriftcndom in the purfuit of
thcir'Deiigns.
From the Tear i^^ 6 to the Tear 1^47.
By PETER HETLTN,D.D,
And chaplain ro Charles I. and Charles II.
Monarchs of Great Britain.
Ctie ^econD CDittotr.
LONDON:
Printed by Rchert Batter shy for Chriftopher Wilkinfon at the Black Boy over
agamftS. Dunjlans Ch\itc\\, znd Thomas Archer under the Dial of
S. Dmpm Church in Fleetftreet, andjehn Crojlej in Oxford.
u. DC. Lxxn:
If
9 •
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AJ-.i,i\':X'.'
,i. ^HfOD C;f;05;Ci' ^^'^
0 ycd >
A,. ,-..
-tT^
'To the Right Honorable ,
. \\,\i '\\
The Lords Spiritual & Temporal, anj
Common s jn Pafliarnent affemtilecl.
i,' -i
\0V uf4''hre nfhjh'humMy imftored foy,
the "^atrona^^sf^A^ Poft^IiuniDU si/r/i>
of mjdear mi h)^md Fhthers hdho-
riom\mind\ mtheCaufecfth's Kmgr
donis profipakd fettled ILeligion. Tom
May TafelyMieve the Tith'Mdgs' rephHs^to \foM.t^
true and' genuine ^ut^i^^ of^ t^^Bool^^'(i\jd V/V 'mbfi
h'imhly inthated that Ton ^Ould tot ; For- ^ Ton m-
m^ur^^cdrtfrmf\ihe Exm^m^iy^ofAt^ofs^.kfm
You hafm.Jevifed,and Sacred jyiajefty confirmed, for
(Iff ear
ill Up^^^tfMWkny, rphofeKudc humor W ungo-
^•verned Zeal ^ here re f relented . It ipould be an
(A) ' immodefl
THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.
immodefl boldnefs in me to prefs Tour belief jpith my
Ajfertiom of the haffy performances herein. And they
being for the mofipart but faithful CoUeBions of matter
of Fad, tranfa&ed by the Anceftors of a Sed^ to this
day more then enough n^arm in tht Boweh of thefe
Kingdoms ^are toftand and fall in Tour Grave and Ju-
dicious opinions y according to their correffondency mtb
the Annals of your own and other Countreys. If I had
nothing to plead for the Publication of this Hiflory,
but the ^eal of a Son to preferve his Fathers Ojf-Jpring
from treading too clofe after him to the Grave, I doubt
not it npould eafily prevail withfo much Noblenefs as
the High and Honorable Court of Parliament doth
imply : But I am moreover apt to believe, that when
Tour Wi^oms pleafe toconfider^that the Party here-
by proved peccant , are ^ill fo far from Repentance,
that they dare to boafi their Innocency, and vie Loyal-
ty and peaceable mindednef sat the fame rate (at leaft
they did before our late Troubles and prefent Diftem-
pcrs made their Turbulencies and Seditions notori-
ous \) I may then reafonably , I hope, beg Tour favor-
able acceptance of this Dedication ; or at leaft depend
upon that pardon from you, which the offended Party
will be unwilling to allow to him, who though unworthy
fo great an honor, craves leave tofubfcribe himfelf,
( Right Honorable Lords and Gentlemen )
Your moft Devoted and
Obedient Servant,
Henry Heylyn,
The Pre-
THE
P R= E F A C E
i
^Ntcnding a complcat Hiftory of the Pres,'
IhytmanSj in all the Principles, Pradticey,
'and moft remarkable Proceedings of that
dangerous Seft j I am to take ^higher aim
then the time ot CdVin ( though he be
commonly pretended for the jFoijnder of
it) and fetch their Pedigree from thole
whofe ftcps they follow. For as our Saviput j&id to feme
of the Jews, that they were of their father the PeVil, and
the Ttiorks of their Father they ipohU do: So by their works,
that is t© fay, by the (Jpinions which they hold, the
Do(5trines which they preach, and the Difturbanccs by
them made in theft parts of Chriftendom, we may beft
find from what Original they derive themselves. I know
that fome out of pure zeal unto the Caufc would fain in-
title them to adefcent from the Jewifli Sanhedrim^ ordained
by God himfclf in the time of Mofes : And that it mighc
comply the bitter with "^thcir ends and purpofes , they
have ctideavouted to make that fanaous Confitlory of x\i^
A Seventy
THE. <P ^E F J C E.
Seventy Elders, iiot only a co^orclinate power with that of
Aio/w, and after his deceale with the Kings and Princes of
that State in this Pablick Government j but a Powec Fa»
ramount and Supreme^ froifi Which lay no appeal to any
but to God himfelf : A power by v^hich they were ena-
bled not onely to control the anions of their Kings and
Princes, but alfo to correal; their pcrfons. Which as I can
by no means grant to be inveited in the Sanhedrim by God
himfelf, or otherwife ufurped and pradtifcd by them in the
limes of that Monarchy ^ though poflibly they miglit pre-
dominate in thofe times and intervals in which there was no
King in IJiael (as fuch times there were ) fo neither can I
yield unto the Presbyterians any fuch Prerogative^ as to de-
rive, themfelvei and their pretenfions, whethcr4t: be over
Kings or Bifliops, front the Jewifli Sanhedrim. And yet
I fliall not grutch them an Antiquity as great as that
which they defirc, as great as that of M^^ej- or the Jewifli
Sanhedrim^ from which they woiildfo willingly derive them-
--'^^riVif^Hes^'iipbii^i'te fh "t^^rpii felled oppofition,
^Vwcll'toah 'Nionarchit^aJ as Ep1{c6paitibvernmenc,vve cm-
tiot butgi^^ them art fextia^tioh ^roiri that famous Triurtt-
\irAth^^Pah,'}yathdn's^t^d^jihiMhf^^c^^ in. a Defign a-
gai^ft Mops 2MciSam^igi\ii^ the Chier^rieft and the Su pretu?
1?titfce I tHbn'MVotHerWiTc^f different FamiHes/afnd having
feffercifit Codwls ampr^gff t>icmfe1v6s. l^^or Daihah 2i\^d.4r
*^^i^'^\(^(6'dfe¥cc'ndedPfr6W^'th^ ofiedeif^ the eUeft
Sd'n 6^ Fkthct^ Jdrt^ ^ ^h'dfficrcfore thought themfelves more
fia^abte or 'tfh^^^ Sovcraigri^^p^er thtn'MefeSj who defccnded
ftdfn.'a ybuti^^^t'hotrfe. ^' i\r?d i(p^4'3io'dght hirnfelf as nriuch
iiegl^aed 'ilS^ft^ln^' M^kpljan-'ihci'6n of V;^eltq haye
jSeei^ ttia(i64h^' Fi^ncejoPtije^'i^fikifc/f f/ (the principal f ami-
iy'bf^the£eV/f^i'4Tei^*MHkat 6'^:^erfon) whtn he Inmrel'f
d'fffc'eiideibPtiiedder fiMhcr. -Nor. was he able tGdifcern,
Biitthat i^fHif^vvil^t-artf ilichif«icc'fiii^^ofhaving one Pn'eft
^bove the*'^refe'Sn plaix:^ ^ain^ power, 'the Iv^litie might fit
THE ? ^B F A C E.
as well upon his head as on that of Aaron^ whofe readincfs m
complying wich the peoples humor in fetting up theGoldcn-
CalF, had rcnd^ed him uncapable of fo great a cruft. Haying
conferred their notes, and compared their grievahccs, thev
were rcfolvcd to right thcmfelve?, and to have neither any
Chief Prieft or Soveraign Prince to Lord it over them but to
ere(5t a parity both in Sacred and Civil mattery^ as mofl: agree-
able to the temper of a free born Nation. They had got little
clfe by being fee at liberty from the Houfe of Bondage, if they
ftiould no vv become the Vaffals of their Fajhers Children. But i?
firft they were to form their Party s and they did it wijely
drawing no fewer then two hundred arid fifty of tht chief men
of the AlTembly to confpire with them in the Plot. ' Ani
thatthey might allure the people to adhere untti them, they
flatter thciii with an hope of an abfolute'Frecdbiti, ^nd fuch
a power in Sacred matters, as (hould both aufhoriie' arid j(ii
ftifie their approaches to the holy . Alrar, withoiit! the irit^'r-
v^ntion of Prieft or Prelate. Whicfi htmg done, they boldly
fliew themfclves againft Mofes and Aaron ', arld'tbld them
plainly to their faces, that they took more upd;i th'em theii
belonged to either j that all the Congrcgatidri w^s holy li-
very onc'of them, in regard that God appeared fo vifibly 4-
mongft them > and therefore that thej^' had done ttijit vvhicH
they could not juftific, in lifting thertifelyes stb-ov^Vhe Cdif-
gregation ofthe Lord. In which^rito be ob^rViif ^liat
though fome of the chief Princes of the Houfc'of £>^ii/ '^tiA
perhaps many alfoof the other Tribes did appear in tfife A^f-
on ; yet it is plainly called in Scriptute; Tke Gkn-tapng^df
fyah ; either becaufe the pra6bicfe''wai of Hs'CofttrivC'
ment, or chiefly carried on by the'power an(f 'g!6dft:.ytf|jicll
he and his Accomplices of the Tfibd of Levf'^hitd gafrteii
amongft thecommon people, by jtieafon of their Iriterc^i
and Concernments in Sacred matters : fo ekcdicnt are th'^
opportunities which are.aflforded to tihquiet and' feditious
meiv^when either by a leeming zealtotheWorfliipofGbd"
ot by fome fpecial place and intereft in his Publick Servicd,
they are becorhc confidemfedc iti the eyes ofthe V«lgar.
A3 Thcfe
r H ^: r %E F J CE.
Thcfe w^rc the firft feeds of thoie dangerous Doftrincs,and
jncft unvvarrantab'e prad:iccs, \^ liich afterwards brought forth
fuch fad cifc^s toward the latter end of the Jewifh State, when
the Phanfees began to draw unto themfelves the managing
of all aff^xts, both Sacred and Civil. They were not igno-
rant of that high difpleafure which God had manifcftly Ihcwn
aeainft the principal Authors of that fifl Sedition, who un--
der the pretence of regu'ating the Authority ofhis two Chief
Minifters, had put a baffle, as it weie, upon God himfelt,
X whole Servants and Minifters they were. The Pharifces
tlierefore were content, that both the Chief Priefl and the Su-
preme Prince fliould ftill prefcrve their rank and ftarion, as
iri former times i butfo, that neitherof them fhouM be a-
tie to a6i: any thing of weight and moment, but as direded
by their counfels, and influenced by their ailil'larxe. For the
ODtainingof which point, what arts they ufed^ what pradi-
cesthey let on foot, and by what artifices they prevailed up-
Qn'mens affedions j as alfo into whatcalamitics they plunged
that Nation.by the abufe of their Authority, having once ob-
tained it> fhall be laiddown at; large in the following Hiflory-
A.11 the particulars wlierepf, the Reader i J defired to obfcrve
ciiftiB^ly> tliat ;he inay fee how panclually the Piesbyreri-
ans of Qur tinies have played the Phariiees ; as well in
the. getting of their power by leffcning the Authority both
of Prince; and- Prelate, as. in cxafpcriartifig the people to a
^angerpu?. W.at forche deftrudtion of them both •■, the cal-
IW ir;i ot^f oreiri Force* to abet their quarrel , the Fradiions
^nd'DivlfioflVamongitthfmlclvcs i and the moftwoful Dc-
fplation, !. HKijch they-hay-c broagbt'upon thc^happieft and
mofi flbtitiftitig Church; which^theSunof Righteoufncfs e^
ve^ {hined on linco tjie Primitive-..timcs, • NecoVww oyo^
neclat bBlfmjl.i»f- -, 7w/»/>ir;Could not make- himfelf more
like A}»ptfi(riOy not t^er^cury play, the. part of Socix with
mor^ teferr>blar)GC th^efijthc fjofuing Story may be parallel'd
ih^^Wlafe'Combuftions J: A<aror For Af(or, Pare for Pirt,
and Line |qr:%ine i, -there,. being, nothing alttrcd (in a
zh man-
THE ? ^'t:F /f C E,
manner) in that fearful Tragedle, but liic Srage or
Theatre-
Change the Stage from ^jlSine^ or the Reslm ofjuda^ and
wefliall feethcfamcPlay aited over again in nnny parts and
Provinccsof the Chriftian Church, /n which we fi.id cije
Doctrines of the Pharifccs revived by fomc; their Hypocrine
or pretended purity, taken up by others ; their Artifices ro en-
creafe their party in the gaining of Profdytes, embraced and
followed by a third, till they grew formidable to rhofc pow-
ers under which they liv.'d ■■, and finally, the fame Confuhons
introduced in all parts of Chriftendom, in which tlieir coun-
fels have been followed Which li fhall generally reduce un-
der thefe four he^ds ', that is to fay, The practices of the "Nova-
tians in the North ^ the Arrims in the Eaft i the Do/iatifts in ^L
fri(\^ot the Southern partsi and the ^Prifcillianifis in the Weftern.
The arcs and fubtilcies of the PhanTees were at firft fuppos'd to
be too Heterogeneous to be all found in any one Se£i: of Here:;
ticks amongftthe Chriftians, till they were all united in the
Presbyterians ; the Se<5ts or Hcreticks above mentioned, partis
cipating more or lefs of their dangerous counfcls, as they con-
ceived it neceffary to advance their particular ends : In the pur-
fuance of which ends, as the Adrians ventured upon many
points which were not known to the Noyatians, and (he Dona-
ttjis upon many more, which were never praftifed by the ^rrr-
ans ■ iothcPrifcillianijisd:d3.smuc\\ exceed the Donatifis in
the arts of mifchief, as they themfelves have been exceeded
by the Presbyterians in all the lamentable confequents and ef-
feds thereof : \^hich I defire the Reader to conhder diftindly^
that he may be his own Plutarch, in fitting them, and every
one of them with a perfect parallel in reference to thofcmen
whofc Hiftory 1 (hall draw down from the time o(Cal<Tfin un-
to thefe ourdays, tracing it from Gem'z/a into France^ from
France into the H.therUncls^ from thtN thtrlanis to Scotland,
and from thence to EngLnd : And in this fearch I fiiall adven-
ture upon nothing but what is warranted by the Tcftimony
ofunqueftioned Authors, from whofc fence I fliall never vary,
though
TH E <P ^E F J C E.
though I ma}' find it fcmctimes nccclTary notto Life chclr words
And by Co doirg,! fliall Kctpmy felf unto the rules of aright
Hiftorian,in delivering ncthingbut the Truth :, without omit-
ting any thing lor fear, or fptakirgary thing in favour of the
adverfe party, but as 1 fhall be juftified by good x\uthoricy.
THE
. ''^
The
"-.*■'.
G N T E N T S.
Lib. I.
V
'-."'' , CbiltainitT;? ,
• "JHpr*-' Hepfi hfiltutioH of ^fieshyt^ry in tlieToipn 0/ Geneva.. i th^ An^^artd
fl Praciices by vhich it was inifojed on the necl^ of that City, an'd pre fed upon all ]
JL t^he Churches of the Jieformathn j together mith the dangerous Principles and **
Popions of the chief Contrivers, in the purfuance of their projeFt^ from the
yeari$i6totheyearis8s. ^..i,., ,.i,J • - .
Containing -,:-.., u
Their manifold Seditions, Confpiracies, and InfurreFlions in the Realm e/Ffance j
their Libelling againfi the State, and the fV^f-i there raifed by their procurement from
thejear [1$$9 to l$S$.
;:";;, ::. :. O
Containing
Their Po fit ions and Proceedings in the Higher Germany ; their dangerous DoBrines
and Seditions ; their Innovations in the Church, and alteration in the Civil Government
oftheBdgickProvinces,fromtheye^,i^^f^','tithr)e4rl%8i. ,. ^
(j];ontaining
Their Beginning, Progrefs and Pofitions ; their dangerous PraElices, InfurreEtio»s,And
Confpiracies in the Realm of ScothxiA, from thejear 1 544, to the year 1 566.
,, • .J . , _ i J ■ ■ I ^ulan^f'. ,'1
Containing., ^ ,V.:*.3-bi
A farther difcovery of their dangerous DoElrines, their oppofitions to Afonarchical and
Epifcopal Government in the Realm of Sbotlaiid -, their fecret PraH-ices and Confpiracies
to advance their Difcipline ; together With their freijuent Treafons and Rebellions in the
pfirfuance of the fame, from they ear 1^'$ till the year 1585.
. hai,ho3i \ -;-\i.iA ).a ^^. . .iJ.;i a.-.'ii ■ ^ , . ' : ■ V
".r. ..'v; ' . i.-.'."\Vi(iW.. A^iX ^..?,^,^^■y
•■■'" ■; ■:■'•- A . :^ . ••."T ■••V ■.\Contiining. . .:. .
The beginning,progrefs, and proceedings of the Puritan Faftion>» ihi Realm of Eng-
land, in reference to their Innovations both in Doctrines and Forms of Worflsip ; their Op-
pofition totheChurch,and the Rules thereof ; from the beginning of the Reign of King
Edward VI. 1 ^^S, to the fifteenth year of ^ueenEWzsheU], Anno 1572.
Lib.
THE CONTENTS.
Lib. VII.
Containing
A Relation of their fecret and of en PraSiices; the Schijm and FaSionlrjthem raifedfor
advancing the Geneviaii Dtfcipine in the Church of England, from the year 1572 M the
^ear 1584. -j ■ y , ■
Lib. VIII.
Containing
The SeditioM fraUices and f options of the f aid Englifh Puritans ; their Lihellinfr^
Railings and Reviling^ m order to thefetting up of the holy Difcifline-j from theyear 1 584
totheycar 1589. The undntiful carriage cftheFrench^andthehorrii'Ieinfilenciesofthe
Scottifh ?i€sb\tets ; from the jear i^S$ to the yean $92.
• ' - = • Lib. IX.
Containing
Their DifoyaltieSyTreafont, and Seditions in France, the Co««r;i 0/ Eaft-Friefland,
iind the J lies o/Britain, ht more particularly in England , together vith thefeveral Laws
made again]} them, and the federal exceptions in purfuance oft hem, from theyear 1 589 to
theyear IJSPS-
, , Lib. X,
Containing
A relation of their Plots and PralHcej in the Realm ofEnghnd^their horrihlelnfolencies^
Treafons^and Seditions in the Kingdom of Scotiand,from the year 1595 to theyear 1603.
^ Lib.XL
'^"^ "■" . Containing
Their fuccefes either good or iad inEnghnd, Scotland, Ireland, and the Ifles of]ct-
fey, from the jear 16OZ to theyear 162$ \ipithfomewhat touching their afatrs, as veil
in France and Sweden, m the Bclgick Provinces.
, Lib. Xir:
:.w,' •V^.r-ijv ■■■....■\\:. . . \
d3?i^;.. ; !-t I -Containing
Their tutnultffating in the Eelgick Provinces j their Practices and InfurreBions in the
Hichcr Geimany ; the frufl rating their defgn en the Churches of Btzndenhmg; there-
volts of Trarfylvania, Hungary, Auftiia and Eohtmia, and the Rehetlions of the French ■,
from theyear 161c to the year 162S. '■■ "
.xr~^, - .\> ^ib. Xlll.
;. , .:.,' \Cbntaining
The InfurrcBionof theTreshyttmnand?vitkan¥a(\ion in the Realm c/ Scotland' ^
the Retellicns raifedhy them in t-X^ivA:, their horrid Sacrileges, Afurders, Spoils and
Rapines In purfuit thereof; their Innovations both in DoBrine and Difcipline,andthe great
Alteration made in the Civil Gcvtrt met.t-, from theyear 1536/0 theyear 1647, rphenthej
werfJIriptefallCmmandiytheln^jp^ndems.
AERIVS
l:i
J E%IV S \EDlVIfp Si
O R T H E
HISTORY
O F T H E
Presbyterians.
-*"*
LIB. I.
Containing
The frJihJlitHtion of PreshytQik in the Town of Geneva. ■■, the Arts
ami TraEikes by which it n^as impoftd on the nech^ of that City^
■and preffed upon all the Churches of the (^formation ; totr ether
with the dangerous Principles andPoftions of the chief Contri-
yers in the purjuance of that projeU^from the Tear 153^ to
the tear v^^^t^.
T fuch time as it pleafed God to raife up Mmi»
Luther.a Divine o( Saxome, to write againft theer-
roturs and corruptions of the Church o£ Rome-, Ulde-
rick Ztiinglim , a Canon of the Church of Zurick^
endeavoured the like Reformation amongft the
Srvitzers : but holding no intelligence v^^ith one an-
other, they travelled divers ways in j)urruance of
, it J which firft produced fome Animofities between
themfelves, not to be reconciled by a Perfonal Conference,which by the
Lintgr^ve of Hafm was procured between them ; but afterwards occa-
"cvhed far more obfttnate rupturesbetweenthe followers of the Parties
B in
1517.
\
€t^t ^iHm otti^e 5^tc0l)tterian0«
in their feveral ftations. The Zuinglian Reformation was begun in
defacing Images , decrying the cftablilhed Faftsand appointed Feftj-
vals, aboliftiingfet forms otworfhip, denying the old Catholick Do-
drine of a Real Prefence,and confequently all external reverence in the
participation of the bleffed Sacrament •, which Luther ferioufly labour-
ed to preferve in the fame eftate in which he found them at the prefent.
They differed alfo in the Do(5trine of Predeftination , which Luther
tau<»ht according to the current of the ancient Fathers , who lived and
flourifhed before the writings of St. Auguftine j fothat the Remanifis had
not any thifi§ to except againft in that particular, when it was canvaf-
fed by the School-men in the Council oi Trent. But ZuingltHs taught,
as was colleded from his writings , " That God was the total caufe of
*' all our Works, both good and evil 5 that the Adultery of X>.w/W, the
<J^ " cruelty o{ MMlm-i and the treafon o^^udai, were the works of God,
*' as well as the vocation of Saul 5 that no man hath power to think
*' well or ill, but that all cometh of abfolute neceflity ■■, that man doth
" nothing towards his Predeftination , or Reprobation , but all is in
" the Will of God 5 that the Predeftinate cannot be condemned , nor
*' the Reprobate faved t, that the Eledt and Predeftinate are truely jufti-
" fied 5 that the juftified are bound by Faith to believe they are in the
" number of the Predeftinated ; that the juftified cannot fall from
« Grace, but is rather bound to believe, that if he chance to fall from
''Grace, he ftiall receive it again ^ and finally, that thofe who are noc
" in the number of the Predeftinate , ftiall never receive Grace, though
«« offered to them. Which difference being added unto that of tne
Sacrament, and eagerly purfued on both fides , occafioned fuch a mor-
tal and implacable hatred between the parties, that the Lutherans have
folemnly vowed rather to fall off roundly to the Church oi Rome , then
yeild to thofe Predefiinarian aud Sucramcntar'j pejlilences, as they com-
monly called them. But Zuinglim in the mean time carried it amongft
the Srvitzers •, five of thofe thirteen Cantons entertain his Doltrine, the
like did alfo divers Towns and Seignories which lay neareft to them ;
of which Geneva in a fliort time became raoft confiderable.
1-4 Geneva is a City of the Alpian Provinces belonging anciently to
the Allohroges , and from thence called Aurelia Allobrogtm by fome La-
tine Writers ', fituated on the South-fide of the Lake Lemane^ oppofite
t6 the City of L0zanne in the Canton of Berne , from which it is di-
ftant fix Dutch Miles : the River Rhofm (having paiTed through the
Lake with fo clear a colour , that it feemeth nor at all to mingle with
the waters of it ) runneth the lower part thereof , over which there is a
paffage by two fair Bridges-, one of them the more ancient, and the
better Fortified , belonging heretofore to the old Helvetians , but bro-
ken down by ifitliut Caftr , to hinder them from pafldng that way into
CaHja. The compafs of the whole City not above two Miles , the
Buildings fair , and for the moft part of Free-ftone -, the number of
the Inhabitants about feventeen thoufand, and the whole Territory not
exceeding a Diameter of fix Leagues where it is at the largeft. Brought
under the obedience of the Romans by the power of Csfar :,it continued a
member of that Empire 5 till the Burgundians , in the time of Ho»*riftf>
poffcffed themselves of all thofe GaWck Proviacet which lay toward
the
ts^ ^ino^nt t]^ ^^^htmiam.
the Jlpes. In the Divifion of thofe Kingdoms by Charles the Bald it
was'made a part oi Burgundie^czikdTra^sji&axia , becaufc inlay be-
yond the Jour -^ and vf^^ by hhn conierred on Co»rade a. Saxo» Prince ,
Ton of Duke Wit'ihind the Third , and younger Brother of Robert the
the £rftEarlof Anjca, At the expiring of whofe Line by which ic
-had been held under feveral Titles of King ^ Earl , and Duke , it was
by Rodelph the lail Prince beftowed on the Emperour Henry firnamed
the Phick , as his neareft Kinfman • and by 'that means united to the
German Empire , governed by foch Imperial Officers as were appointed
by thofe Eraperours to their teveral Provinces 5 till by the weaknefs or
improvidence of the Lords in Chief thofe Officers made themfelves
-Hereditary Princes in their feveral Territories,
3. In which divifion of the prey the City and Seignory of Geneva^
which before was governed by Officiary and Titular Earls, accountable /
to the German Empire , was madea Soveraign Eftate under its own "^
Proprietary Earls , as the fole Lords of it. Betwixt thefe and the
Bifhops (Suffragans to the Archbifliop o^Vienua in Daulphine) grew ma-
ny quarrels for the abfolute command thereof. In time the Bifliops
did obtain of the Emperour Frederick the firft , that they and their Suc-
cefTors fliould be the fole Princes ofGene'va^ free from all Taxes,and not
accountable to any but the Emperours: which notwithflanding, the
Earl continuing ftiU to molefl the Bifliops , they were fain to call unto
their aid the Eir\o( Savoy, who took upon him firfl as Prote(5tor onely,
but afterwards as Lord in Chief. For when the Rights of the Earls of
Geneva, by the Marriage o( Thomas Earl of Savoy with Beatrix a Daugh-
ter of the Earls,fell into that Houfe; then Jnte or Jmade the firft of that
name obtain'd of the Emperour , cha^efthe Fourth, to be Ficar General
of the Empire in his ownCoantrey, and in that right Superiour to the
Biihop in all Temporal matters : zxidAme or Amade the firfl Duke got
from Pope Martin (to the great prejudice of the Bifliops) a Grant of all
the Temporal Jurifdidions of it. After which time the Bifliops were
conflrained to d6 homage to the Dukes of^^'y^;', and acknowled<Je .
them for their Soveraign Lords: the Authority of the Dukes being
grown fo great (notwithflanding that the people were immediately fub"^
jed unto their Bifhop onelyj that the Money in Geneva was flamped
with the Dukes Name and Figure? Capital Offenders were pardoned
by him -, no Sentence of Law executed, till his Officers firfl made ac-
quainted 5 nor League contradled by the people of any validity with-
out his Privity and Allowance ; and finally,the Keys of the Town pre-
fcnted him as often as he fliould pleafe to lodge there : as once for in-
ftance to Charles the Third , coming thither with Beatrix his Wife,
Daughter of Portugal. But flill the City was immediately fubjed to the
Bifhops only, who had as well the Civil as the Ecclefiaflial Jurifdidion
over it, as is confeflby Calvin in a Letter unto Cardinal Sadolet,tho\igh
as he (4) thought, extorted fraudulently , or by force, from the lawful d) mbebit
Magiflrate : which lafli he added in defence of the Genevians^ who had v^siiid''^, ^
then newly wrefledthe Supream Authority outof the hands of the Bi- flri/H^i^^if
fliop , and took it wholly upon themfelves •, it being no Felony (as he pines, fed m^-
conceived) to irob the Thief, or to deprive him of a power, to which he f J"f' '"
could pretend no Title but- an Ufurpacion.
B 2 4. In
Cl^e ]^ittojt o( tl^e i&jcgbf teriansJ.
I
1528; 4. In this condition it continued till the year 152S, when thofe of
Berne, after a publick Difpuiation held, had made an Alterarion in Re-'
ligion •, defacing Images , and innovating all things in the Church on
the ZHingliM Principles. Vireatts and Farell/fs, two men exceeding ftu-
dious of the Reformation , had gained fome footing in Oenevd. about
that time, and laboured with the Bifliop to admit of fuch Akerecions as
had been newly made in Seme. But when they faw no hopes of prevai-
ling with him, they pradifcdon the lower part of the people,with whom
they had gotten moll efteem •, and travelled fo effectually with them in
it, that the Bifliop and his Clergie in a popular tumult are expelled the
Town, never to be reftored to their former Power. After which they
proceeded to reform the Church, defacing Images, and following in all
points the example o{ Berne, as by Vnetm and farelLm they had been in-
1 ftruded 5 whofe doings in the fame were afterwards countenanced and
(lf;^/f k vi- (^)approved by CahiM^as himfelf confelTeth. Nor did they onely in that
\^^?t^n^^' Tumult alter every thing which had difpleafed them in the Church, but
fyrdgk M(o' changed the Government of the Town-, difclaming all AUegeance ei-
comprobavi. ^[^^^ j-q their Bifhop Or their Dukc 5 and (landing on thtir own liberty
as a Free Eftate, governed by a Common Council of 200 perfons, out
of which four are chofen annually by the name of Syndicks , who lit as
Judges in the Court , the Mayors and Bayliffs (as it were) of the Cor-
poration. And for thisalfo tliey were mod indebted to the aftive coun-
fels oi Farellus , whom CaIv?} therefore calls the Father of the publick
c) Lihmatis liberty (c) -, and faith in an Epift le unto tliofe of Zurkk , dated 26 No-
ixfdtrm, ruQYnher x 5533that the Cenevians did owe themfclvesCaf)wholly to his care
(dj Vixiii'.is, and counfels. And it appears by Cdvin alfo , that the people could
cui fe totos h^yg \)^tK\ content to live under their Bilhop , if the Bilbop could have
^ ^'"' " been content to reform Religion -. and more then fo, that they had de-
ferved the greateft CenCures of the Church , if it hadbcenotherwife.
For thus he writes in his laid letter to Cardinal i^^o/f^ • Tdcm nobis
Hierarchiam fi exhibeant^ &c. If (faith he) they could offer to us fuch a
Hierarchy, or Epifcopal Government , wherein the Bilhops (liall fo rule,
as that they refufe not to fubmitthemfelves to Chrift^that they alfo de-
pend upon him as their onely Head, and can be content to refer them-
felves to him -, in which they will fo keep brotherly fociety amongft
themfelves, as to be knit together by no other bond then that of Truth -,
then furely, if there Ihall be any that will not fubmit themfelves to that
Hierarchy reverently , and with the greateft obedience that may be , I
muft confefs there is no kind oi AmthcmA , or calling to the Devil,
which they are not worthy of. But in regard the Bilhop could not
fatisiie them in their expectations, they are refolved to farisfie them-
felves out of his Eftate •, and either for his fake , or their own, to caft
off all relation to the Duke of Savoy ^ as their Patron Paramount. And
though both Lords did afterwards unite againft them, and belieged the
Town -, yet by the help of thofe of Berne (with whom they joyned
themfelves in a ftri(ft Confederacie) they repulfed them both. Since
which time they have ftrongly Fortified the Town on all fides , but
moft efpecially on that fide which lies toward Savij 9 and would aever
fince permit the Duke to arm any Boats or Galleys upon the Lake , for
fear he might make ufe of them to their difadvantage,
5. The
^i^t l^iftojr of t^e ^jcjStrtcn'ansJ, ^
-»:-sr»
5. The Power and Dominion of that Citybeing thus put into the
handsof the Common people , .it could not be expeded that any Difci-
pline or good Order ihould be kept in the Church. The Common
Council of the Town difpofed of all things as they pleaftd •, and if any
Crime which anciently belonged to the Ecclefiaftical Ditcipline did
happen to be committed in it j it was punifhed by order from the Coun^
cil. No Cenfures Ecclefiaftical , no Sentence of Excommunication
was either thought on at Geneva^ or at that time in any other of the Po-
pular Churches, modelled according to the form devifed by ZuwgHtis *
Z'i{e)Eez,A hath obfervcd in the life of Cahtn. The like affirmed by Calyjn Cc) si quidtm
alfo in his Letter above mentioned to thofe of Zz/r/V/f" -, who grants it ^-'''^'""^'""''■.'
to have been a received opinion, withforae very grave and learned f^^TrU^''"
by his Father deftined to the Civil Laws : but his own inclinatioii'car-^ Tirnilanllm
ried him rather to the ftudie of Divinity, in the purfuit whereof he firft F-'xcmmuni-
began to phanfiethe Reformed Religion-, and finding no alTurance in ''^'''''
the Realm o( France, refolved tofix himfelf in Strasbitrgh or Bajil. But
taking Geneva in his way, upon the importunity o[ Farelltts , he-conde^
fcended to make that place the Scene of his adions and endeavours -
and his aflcnt being once made known, he was forthwith admitted to be
one of their Preachers , andiutheMoneth of ^fw^^^chofen their Divi-
nity-Reader. Thisdone, he prefently negotiates with them notonely
to abjure the Papacie, with all obedience to their Bilhop for the time to
come, but to admit fome heads of Dodlrine,andfuch a(^)form of Difci- (s.)3;wd.
plineas he and his CoUegues had devifed for them. And he prevailed ^^^''"^'n <^
Do-
in it at the laft , though with no fmall difficulty 5 the faid Difcipline fSwf-
being ocnerally fworn and fubfcribed unto, 20 ^uly 1537, Which Form i-'"t compn-
of DiKipline what it was I have now here found • but fure I am, that ^'["^''"" "J'"'^'
it had no affinity with the pradice of the Primitive Church-, which "''^/f. Caiv.
(J>)Calvin plainly doth acknowledge in his letter to Sadolet^who had bb- 1 537-
jedled it againft him. But the people being proud and headftrong , aiid '^)°'/'"i'''''-''«
not willing to be ftrippcd fo eafily of the precious Liberty which fo hap- hahitrc!Z
pily they had acquired , became foon weary of the yoke , though they ^■^''^"f'''"!^.
difgaifed it under colour of not giving offence to thofe of Serne.Zat'ifk, ITq-nll'^dP
and the reft of their Neighbours , whofe friendfliip was moft neceflary^''^^"'-
for them in all time of trouble. But Cahm being peremptory not to ^53^-
adminifter the Communion unto any of thofe who could not quietly
without contradicftion fubmit themfelves unto the Difcipline which
themfelvcshad fworn to 5 and having Farellus and CornldHs two of his
AlTociatesin conjundion withhim, together with his two Aflbciatts,-
is expelled the Town.
6. Three years, or thereabouts , he continued in his exile, bein^
bountifully entertain'd at Strasbur^h , where by his diligent Preachinc^ '
and laborious Writings he grew into a greater reputation then the reft
of their Minifters •, the Fame whereof being daily ported to Geneva,
made them firft fenfible of the lofs that they fuffered in him, and after-
wards procured them to foUicitc the Chief Magiftrates of the City of
strashrgh to licenfe his return unto them: from whence at laft with un-
refiftablc
f
mt !Piftoi^ tfim ^itmttviam.
""^ ' refiftable importunity he was again recalled by that unconftant multi-
tude : A defire to which by no means he would hearken , anlefsboth
they and all their Minifters would take a folemn Oath, to admit a com-
pleat Form of Difcipline, not arbitrary, nor Ghangeable,but to remain
in force for ever after. Upon affurance of their Conformity herein he
returns unto them, like another Tully unto Reme •, and certainly we may
(h) mc quif- fay of him, as the Hiftorian C^) doth of the other, that never man was
\um iutex- baniftied with greater infolence, nor welcomed home again with an e-
fuifus tli kvi-- .^^^ aladnefs. On the 1 3 day of Septemkr 1541, he is received into the
«;t«S.'town, !Lnd on the 20 of Novemkr following he confirm'd his Difci-
Paterc. Hift. pijug^ vvhich he had modelled in this manner : A ftanding Ecclefiaflical
''^1<AI Court to be eftablifhed -, perpetual Judges in that Court to be the Mi-
* nifters-, others of the people annually chofen (twice fo many in number)
1 to be Judges together with them in the fame Court: this Court to have
'*^' cute of alFmens Manners , power of determining all kind of Ecclefiafti-
cal caafes, and Authority to convent, to control, and to puniHi as far as
with Excommunication, whcnfoever they ihould think to have de-
ferved it,nonc either fmallor great excepted. To this device he brought
the people to fubmit without any reludancie : for what caufe had they
to fufpedl any yoke to bondage to be intended in that projeft, wherein
they had a double Vote to each fingle Minifter , and confequently a
double number o^ their fide upon all occafions. But when the firft year
was expired , and that the Elders of that year were to leave their pla-
ces they then perceived how much they had inthralled themfelves by
thei'r own facility. And now they began to have fome fear , that the
filling up of the Seats in the Confiftory with fo great a number of Lay-
men °was but to pleafe the mindes of the people , to the end they might
think themfelves of fome power therein •, that their Paftors being men
of parts, and pradifed in affairs of that nature , would eafily over-rule
the reft , though the greater number •, that the Lay-elders being onely
annual and changed from one year to another , might firft or laft come
nnder the fevere lafh of their Paftors, who were in a perpetual refi-
dencie, if they fhould dare at any time to aft agalnft them by their dou-
ble Vote 5 and that amongft the Minifters themfelves, one being far in
eftimation above the reft, the reft of the voices are moft likely to be -gi-
ven with reference to his will and pleafure ^ which what elfe were it in
cffed , but to bring in Popery again by another name , in fetting over
them a Supreme Paftor, or perpetual Refidence, with power to carry all
hjcfore him ^ ^
7. But nothing gave them more offence then the confidence of that
yaft and unlimited power , which was to be put into the hands of the
Tnsbpery , in reference unto crimes and perfons •, and the unhandfome
manner of proceeding in it: for power was given unto them by the
Rules of the Difcipline, not onely to proceed to Excommunication , if
the cafe required it, againft Drnnkards, Whore- mafters, Blafphemers
of Gods Holy Name , difturbers of the peace by Fighting, or contenti-
ous words 5 but alfo againft fuch as pleafed themfelves with modeft
Papcing , which was from henceforth loeked on as a grievous crime :
and what difturbances and difquiets did enfue upon it, we fliall, fee anon.
^^j-^^re they onely Authorized to take notice of notorious crimes.
i.rilr^.- ^^^"
..■r\;
-^e l^ftoi^ of ti^c ^z^hi^tim^.
when they gave juft fcandal to the Church , or fuch as part in that ac-
count by the voice of Fame y but alfo to inquire into the Uves and con-
verfations of all forts of perfons , even to the private ordering of their
feveral Families. In reference to which laftjthey are required to make
a diligent and flrid: enquiry , whether men lived peaceably with their
Wives, and kept their Families in good order} whether they ufecon-
ftantly forae courfe of morning and evening Prayer in their feveral hou-
fliolds , fit down at their Tables without faying Grace , or caufe their
Childrcnor Servants diligently to frequent the Churches-, with many
others of that nature. And co the end they may come the better to the
knowledge of all particulars , it is not onely permitted by the Rules of
their Difcipline to tamper with mens Neighbours.and corrupt their Ser-
vants •, but to exaft an Oath of the parties themfelves, who are thereby
required to make anfwer unto all fuch Articles as may or fliall be ten- i
dered to them in behalf of the Coniiflory : which odious and unneieh-
bourly office is for the molt part executed by rhofc of the Laity, or at
the leaft imputed wholly unto their pragmaticalnefs •, though the Lay-
elders poflibly have done nothing in it, but by diredion from their Pa-
llors. For fo it was contrived on purpofe by the wife Artificer that the
Minifters might be thereby freed from that common hatred, which fuch
a dangerous and faucie inquifition might elfe draw upon them. And yec
thefe were not all the mifchicfs which their fubmitting to that yoke
had drawn upon them •, by which they had enthralled themfelves to fach
hard conditions, that if a man flood Excommunicate, or in contempt
againft the cenfures of the Church for the fpaceof a twelve Moneth
he was to fuffer a whole years banifhment by Decree of the Senate • not
otherwife to be reftored but upon fubmiflion, and that fubmiflion to be
made upon their knees in the open Church.
8. Thefe melancholick thoughts had not long pofTefsed them when
an occafion was prefented to try their courage. Ferint^ Captain of the
people, and of great power in that capacity amongft the multitude,pre-
tends the common liberty to be much endangered by that new fubjedi-
on, and openly makes head againft him in defence thereof. Ten years
together did it ftruggle with the oppofition , and at laft was almoft
ruined and opprelfed by it. For whereas the Confiftory had oiven
Sentence againft one Bcrtilier ^ even in the higheft cenfure of Excom-
munication 5 the Common-council net onely abfolved him from that
cenfure under thtir Town-feal , but foolifltly decreed that Excommu-
nication and Abfolution did properly belong to them. Upon this he is
refolved again to quit the Town , and folemnly takes his leave of them
at the end of one of his Sermons, which he had fitted for thet purpofe :
but at the laft the Controvcrfie is reduced to thefe three queftions, wz.
Firft, after what manner by Gods Ordinance , according to the Scri-
pture Excommunication was to be exercifed. Secondly, whether it
may not be exercifed fome other way then by fuch a Confiftory.
Thirdly ,what the ufe of other Churches was in the like cafe. And be-
ing reduced to thefe three queftions, it was fubmittedto the judgement
and determination of four of the Helvetian Churches 5 to whofe Decree
both parties were obliged to ftand. But Calvin knew beforehand what
he was to truft to , having before prepared the Divines oiz»riek to
pronounce
8 •: 'Wi^t'^inot^oft^z^it^t^tttim^'
r-<
pronounce Sentence on his fide 5 of whom he earneftly defired that they
would ferioilfly refped that caufe , on which the whole State of the
Reli<^ion of the City did fo much depend •, that God and all good men
were now inevitably in danger to be trampled on,if thofe four Churches
did not declare for him and his Aflbciates , when the caufe was to be
brought before them ^ that in the giving of the Sentence , they Hiould
pafs an abfolute approbation upon the Difciplineof Gfwft;*! , asconfo-
nant unto the Word of God,without any CautionSjQaalifications, Ifs
or Ands : and finally, that they would exhort the Cenevian Citizens
from thenceforth not to innovate or change the fame. Upon which
pre-eno^agement they returned this Aiifwer, direded to the Common^
co\xnc\\o^ Geneva, by which their .jufement was required ^ that is to
fay. That they had heard already oftTOfe Confiflorial Laws , and did
i acknowledge them to be Godly Ordinances, drarving towards the Pre-
fcript or Word of God •, in which refped they did not think it
oood for the Church o^Genenjo. to make any innovation in the fame, but
rather to keep them as they were. This caution being interposed, that
Lay-elders fliould be chofen from amongft themfelves •, that is to fay,
ten of them to be yearly out of the Council of two hundred •, and the
other two ( for there were to be but twelve in all ) to be el cded out of
the more powerful Council of the five and twenty.
9. 'Now for the quarrel which he had with Captain Ferine , it was
briefly this , as he himfelf relates the ftory in his own Epiitles, Dan-
cing had been prohibited by his follicitatioii,when hefiril fettled in that
Town •,- and he refolved to have his will obeyed in that , as in all things
elfe.t ,-Eut on the contrary , this Perme^ together with one Cormtts (a
man of like power amongft the people) one of ths Syndicks , or chief
Ma<?iftrates in the C 3mm3n- wealth •, one of the Elders for the year,
who was called Henricus , together with other oFtheir Friends, being
merry at an Invitation, fell to dancing: Notice hereof b-nng given to
C.ihin by fome falfe B.rother', they were all called into the Coafitbry,
excepting Cor/iens and Perinus • and being interrogated thereupon,
^a) v«p:,..hn- (4) They lyed (faid he) moft impudently both to God and us, {moft Afo-
mbfZmiti }olica//y %id.) At that (faid he) I grew offended, as the i ndignity of the
fK7!t. "thing deferved -, and they perfifting in their contumacie, (^) I thought it
(b)cenluyit ^j. j.^ ^^^ j.[^^.jj-, ^q ^[^^[j- Qaths about it , {hy which it feems that the 04th
^."ITnUon- Ex Ofhcio may he ufed i»Geneva:,thoitgh cryed downmEnolziid;) (o faidfo
f-fionem adi- done. And they not onely did confefs their former dancing , but alfo
xi'^Epift. ad that upon that very day they had been dancing in the houfe of one Bal-
Fareii. thdfals Widow. On which confeffion he proceeded to the cenfurc of
all the parties , which certainly was (harp enough for fo fmall a fault,
(for a fault he was refolved to make it) the Sjndick being difplaced , the
Elder turned out of his Office , Ferine and his Wife clapt up in Prifon,
and all the reft expofed to fome open fliame. So he in his Epiftle to his
Friend Farcllns^ Anno \') 0^6. Llpon this ground Perinus always made
himfelf of the oppofite party , and thereupon follicired the relaxation
given to Bertilier ^ but in the end was forced together with the reft to
fubmit themfelves unto this yoke ; and the final fentence of the faid fouf
Churches was impofed upon them. And fowe have the true begining
oftheG^«rT'/4»Difcipline, begotten in Rebellion, born in Sedition, and
nurfedupby Fadion. lO.Thus
Lib. I. Ciie ^tftoj^ of ti)t ptt^htt^iam*
lo. Thus was the Difcipline confirmed, and Calvin feded in tKe
Jurifdidion which he had afpired to : Bu-t long he could not be content
with (o narrow a Diocefs as the Town and Territory of Sefieva 5 and
would have thought himfelf negleiled , if all thofe Churches which
embraced the ZMingli^n Dodrines had not withall received the Gene-
I'm;? Difcipline 5 for the confirming whereof at home and thepromot-
ing it in all parts abroad, there wasno pafTage in the Scripture, which
either fpake of Elders or Excommunication , but he applyed the fame
for juftifying the Authority of hhn^vj Presbjtery ^ in which the Lay-
elders were confidered as diftimft from thofe which laboured in the
-Word and Sacraments, but joyned with them in the exercife of a Ju-^
rifdi(flion ( even that of the Ordination alfo ) which concerned the
Church. Affuredly, we are as much in love with the children of our
Brains as of our Bodies, and do as earneltly defirethe preferment of
them. Calvinh'xd no fooner conceived and brought forth this Difci-
pline, but he caufed it firft to be nouriilied and brought up at the charge
of Geneva. •, and when he found it ftrong enough to go abroad of it
felf he afterwards commended it to the entertainment of all other
Churches, in which he had attained to any credit : proceeding finally
fo far, as to Impofe it upon the World as matter neceflary , and not to
be refuled on pain of Gods highdifpleafure; by means whereof, what
Jcaloufies, Heart-burning , Jars and Difcords have been occafioned in
the Prnteftint Reformed Churches , will be made manifeft by the
courfe of this prefent Hiftory : Which notwithftanding might eafily
have been prevented , if the Orders which he devifed forthe ufe of this
City had not been firft eftabliflied in themfelves,and then tendered unto
others , as things everlaftingly required by the Law of that Lord of
Lords, againft whofe Statutes there was no exception to be taken. In
which refped it could not chufe but come topafs , that his Followers
might condemn all other Churches which received it not , of manifeft
difobedience to the Will of Chrift : And being once engaged, could not
find a way how to retire again with Honour. Whenas the felf-fame
Orders having been eftablifhed in a Form more wary and fufpence , and
to remain in force no longer then God fhould give the opportunity of
fome general Conference ; the Gcnevlans either never had obtruded this
Difcipline on the reft of the Churches to their great dtfquiet , or left
thcmfelves a fair liberty of giving off,when they perceived what trouble
they had thereby raifedto tnemfelves and others,
1 1. Now for the means by which this Difcipline was made acceptable
to the many Churches which had no der^tnAoinct on Geneva, nor onCd-
vin neither; they were chiefly thefe, that is to fay, Firft, The great
contentment which it gave the common People, to fee themfelves in-
trufted with the weightieft matters in Religion : and thereby an equality
with , if not (by reafon of their number, being two for one) fuperiority
above their Minifters. Secondly, The great Reputation which Calvin
had attained unto for his diligence in Writing and Preaching , whereby
his Didtaces came to be as authentick araongft fome Divines , as ever
the Popes Ipfe dixit was in the Church oi R&me. Thirdly, hisendea-
roars to promote! that Platform in all other Churches , which was firft
calculated for the Meridian of (7tf»f^'4onely: of which we {hall fpeak
C more
,o C]^cK^tao?^oftljci^lc?5tttetian0» Lib. I.
more particularly in the courfe of this Hiftory. Fourthly, the like en-
deavours ufed by dez^a^ who not content to recommend it as convenient
for the ufe of the Church (higher then which Cvl/^'i» did not go) im-
pqfed it as a matter necefTary upon all the Churches •, fo neceffary, that
it was utterly as unlawful to recede from this , as from the moft mate-
rial Points of the Chriftian Faith : of which more hereafter. Fifthly,
the felf-ends and ambition of particular Minifters, affeding the Supre-
macy in their feveral PariOies-, that themfelves might Lord it over
Gpds Inheritance, under pretence of fetting Chrift in his Throne. Up-
on which grpnrd they did not only pate againft the Billiops with mdtct-
oui words {2l% P/w^A-f/^^^ did againft the Apoftlesj but were refolved to
C4(lthem out of the Churchy neither receiving themamon^fl themselves , nor
fufferint^ thofe that would have done it if they might. Sixthly, the
cqvetoufnefs of fome great perfons, and Lay-Patrons-, of which the
one intended to raife themfelves great Fortunes by the fpoil of the Bi-
flioprlcks •, and the other to return thofe Titles to their own proper ufe,
to which they onely were to nominate fome deferving perfon. For com-
paflin<J of which three laft ends,their followers drove on fo furiouflyjthac
rather then their Difcipline fhould not be admitted , and the Epifcopal
Government deftroyed in all the Churches , they are refolved to depofe
Kinos, ruine Kingdoms 5 andfubvert the Fundamental conftitutions of
all Civil States.
J,.,- 12. Thus have we feen the Difcipline fetlcd at the laft, after many
ftraolin^s •, but fetled onely by the foreftalled judgement and determi-
nation of four neighbouring Churches , which neither then did enter-
tain it , nor could be ever lince induced to receive the fame. And we
have took a general view of thofe Arts and Pra(aices by which it hath
been pradtiied and impofed upon other Nations •, as alfo of thofe
Grounds and motives, on which it was fo eagerly parfued by fome and
advanced by others. We muft now therefore caft our eyes back on
that Form of worfhip which was by him devifed at firft for the Church
of Geneva, commended afterwards to all other Churches, which were
not of the Lutheran Model 5 and finally received, if not impofeiupon
moft Churches which imbraced the Difcipline. Which Form of Wor-
fliip (what it was) may beft be gathered from the fummary or brief
view thereof , which Beza tendereth to the ufe of the French and Dutch
Churches, then eftabliftied in the City of London ^ and is this tliat fol-
loweth. The publick Meetings of the Church to be held conftantly
(i> corigr-:if.:i ou the Lotds {a) day , to be alike obferved both in Towns and- Vil-
puiticiE'-cU- lacTts •, but fo, that in the greater Townsfomeotherday be fet apart,
^''''-Tl,^"'onmhlch the Word is to be Preached unto the people at convenient
^ez"E}ift.'2.\- times: Which laft I take to be the grounds of thofe Week-day- Le-
dures, which afterwards were fet up in moft of the great Towns or Ci-
ties of the Realm of England •, a Prayer to uflier in the Sermon, and an-
other after it 5 the fraift'e of which two Prayers , both for Words and
lylatter ^ wholly left unto the building of the Preacher : but the whole
a<a.ion to be Saa^ified by the Singing of Pfalms. At all fuch Prayers
, " the People to kneel reverently upon their knees. In the Adminiftrati-
OPiQf Baptifm a Peclaration to be made in a certain Form,not onely of
t^e- pr<i>3iifes ofthe, Gra^Q of G©d , but alfo of the Myfteries of that
Holy
d^ f tfto?^ of tft0 i^jejiljtterianjj.
II
Holy Sacrament •, {a) Sureties or Witnefses to be required at the Bapti- (^')TelHr,n ft»
zing of Infants. The Lords Supper- to be Miniftred on the Lords day "'T'^'^TT'
at the Morning-Sermon ; and that in fitting at the Table, (for no other Ihfmmld'
gefture is allowed of-, ) the Men fit firft,and the Women after or below "■"'"f-i''-
them : which though it might pafs well in the Gallick Churches , would
hardly down without much chewing by the Wives of £«^/W. The
publication of intended Marriages, (which we call ?^^ bidding of the
Bins) to be made openly in the Church J andthefaid Marriages to be
foleranized with Exhortation and Prayer. No Holy-days at all allow-
ed of 5 nothing dire(5led in relation unto Chriftian Burials, orthevi-
iiting of the Sick, or to the Thankfgiving of Women after child-birth -
all which were pretermitted , as either fuperftitious or impertinent
adions.
14. That naked Form of Worlhip which Cd'v'm had devifed for the
Church of G'e»ex'4,not beautified with any of thole outward Ornaments • ^
which make Religion eUimable in the fight of the People •, and by the
which the mindes of men are raifed to a contemplation of the ^lorious
Majefty which they come together to adore: All ancient Forms and
Ceremonies which had been recommended to the ufe of the Church
even from the times of the Apoftles, r.jeded totally, as contrading
fome filth and rubbidi in th-j times of Popery, without beinc^ called to
anfwer for themfelves , or defend their innocencie. And as for the
habit of the Minlftry, whether Sacred or Civil , as there was no courfe
taken by the Rules of their Difcipline, or by the Kubricks of the Book
of their publick Offices-, fo did they by themfelves and their Emif-
faries endeavour to difcountenanceanddifcredit all other Churches in
which diftind Veftures were retained. Whence came thofe manifold
quarrels againft Coaps and Surplices 5 as alfo againft the Caps, GownSj
and Tippets of the lower Clergie, the Rochets and Chimeres of the
Bifhops , wherewith for more then twenty years they exercifed the pa-
tience of the Church of England. But naked as it was , and utterly
void of all outward Ornaments, this Form of Worship looked fo love-
ly in the eyes of Cdvin , that he endeavoured to obtrude it on all
Churches elfe. Having firft fetled his new Difcipline in the Town of
Geneva^ Anno i54i,and cruflit -Pm««* and the reft in the Dancing bufi- 1547,
nefs about five years after •, he thought himfelf to beof fuch confi'dence,
that no Church was to be reformed but by his advice. Upon which
ground of felf- opinion , he makes an offer of himfelf to Archbilhop
Cranmer{h)^ as foon as he had heard of the Reformation which was(b;^/^«//
here intended-, but Cranmer knew the man, and refufed the offer. '""*/'"/»-
Which though in was enough to have kept him from venturing any fur- ^"'^'^'^
ther in the bnfinefs and afeirs o^ England x yet he refolvecf to be of
counfel in all matters , whether called or not* And therefore havin*"-
taken Order with Martin Bucer^ on his firft coming into England.tQ give 1
him fome account of the Englifli Liturgie ; he had no fooner fatisficd
himfelf in the fight thereof , but he makes prcfently his exceptions
and demurs upon it -, which afterwards became the fole ground of
thofe many troubles, thofe horrible diforders and confufions, where-
with his Fadion h;ive involved the Church ai EngUitd from that time
to this.
1 1 ^e l^itto?^ of i\^t ^tt^\)tttmm Lib. i.
I J. For prefendy on the account which he received oftheEngliffi
Liturgy , he writes back to Sneer , whom he requireth to be inltant
(b)VtritHs with the Lord Protedor , {i>) that all fuch Rites as favoured of fuper-
jiios,qui fiiptr- ^jjJqjj might be taken away : and how far that might reach we may
5'/^" «7im, eafily guefs. Next he difpatched a long Letter to the Protedor himfelf,
uiunturh -j^ which he makes many exceptions againft the Liturgie 5 as namely
^''^"'' sLgiinHCemmemoratm of the dead :, which he acknowledgeth notwith-
ftandincrtobe Ancient-, alfo againft C/7r///»e, or OylinBaptifm , and
the Apoftolical Rite of ExtreamUnBton •, though the laft be rather per-
mitted then required by the Rules of that Book : which faid,he wifhcth
{c)m omnia ^hat all theft Ceremonies fliould be abrogated ic) 5 and that vvithall he
ahjdndi fe- ^Q^^^^ gQ forwards to reform the Church without fear or wit, without
^' ' regard of peace at home , or correfpondencie abroad-, fuch confidera-
tions being onely to be hand Civil matters , but not in matters of the
(:-i),r» qua ni' Church , (d) wherein not any thing is to be exacted, which is not war-
bii nun ad vei j^^jgj ^y jhe Word 5 and in the managing whereof (faith ht) there is
yrbum txigi ^^^ ^^^ ^j^.^^^ ^^^^ diftafteful in the eyes of God then worldly Wifdomj
(e3rfw/wo-^^,jg-jj^g^i„ j^oderating, cutting off, or going backward, but meerly
tfcMaZ, as we are direded by his will revealed. In the next place, he toucheth
'"^- on the Book oi Homilies , which very faintly he permits for a feafon on-
ly, but not allows of % and thereby gave the hint to many others, who
ever fince almoft have decfauned againft them. But finding nothing
to be done by the Lord Protedor , he try es his Fortune with the King,
^ ^ ^ ^' and with the Lords of the Council , and is refolved to venture once a-
oain on Archbifhop Cr^nmer. In his Letter to the King he lets him
know , that in the State of the Kingdom there were many things which
required a prefent Reformation : in that to the moft Reverend Cmnmer^
that in the Service of this Church there was remaining a whole Mafs of
(0 ^iMn Popery , (/) which feeraed not onely to deface , but in a manner to de-
ebfcunt modn, ^^Qy Gods publick Worfliip: and finally, in thofe to the Lords of the
im7bZ't Council , that they needed fome excitements to go forwards with the
prum>- Work in hand, in reference to the Alteration (for that I take to be his
":;ZEpi(i. aim) of the publick Liturgle. •,,,.-
16. But not content to tamper by his Letters with thole Emment
Perfons 5 he had his Agents in the Court , the City, the Univerfities,
the Countrey , and the Convocation • all of them pradifing in their
diftindt and proper Circuits, to bring the people to diflike that Form of
Worfhip 3 which at the firft was looked on by them as an Heavenly
Treafure, compofed by the efpecial aid of the Holy Ghoft. Their
Adint^s of this kind for bringing down the Communion-Table, decry-
\i\o the Reverent ufe of Kneeling at the Participation , inveighing a-
galnft the fign of the Crofs , abolilhing all diftindion of days and times
' fnto Fafts and Feftivals, with many others of that nature , 'l purpofely
omit till I come to EngUnd. Let it fuffice, that by the eagernefs of
their foUicitations , more then for any thing which could be faulted in
the Book it felf , it was brought under a review , and thereby altered
to, a further diftaace then it had before from the Rituals of the Church
of ,Rdme. But though it had much lefs of Rome then before it had,
(thotigh nothing was meerly Roman, and not Primitive alfo) yet was it
1554. ftill as far off from the Rules of CetievAj as it was at that time 5 which
gave
Lib. I. m)t l$miv of t\)z i^jegjlj^ten'an^. 13
gave a new Alarm to Calvift , that he fliould take fo much pains , and
trouble fo many of his Friends to fo little purpofe : And lon<y it fliaU
not be before he lets us know his refentment of it. The En»lifh Pro-
tejlAMs being fcattered in the Reign of Queen Mary^ betake themfelves
to divers places in Germany^ at Geneva^ and araongft the Switzers. In
German-) forae of them procure a Church in the City oiFrmkfert • bun
they were fuch as had more mind to conform themfelves to CahinsMo-
dels, then to the Licurgie oi England: and fuch a deviation thereupon
was made from the Rules of this Church , as looked little better then
an openSchifra. The bulinefs bad enough before, but made much
worfe when (A WAT that great Incendiary of i'f^/^//?;?^,) took that charo-e
upon him 5 when at his coming he found many not well pleafed wifh
thofe alterations v/hich had been made by others from the Church of
England ; which he refolved not to admit of, how much foever the con-
tinuance of it had been recommended by fuch Divines as had retired tcJ ^
StrAsbtirgh^ Zurich^ and elfewhere. To over-ballance whofe Authori-
ty, which he found much valued, he flees for fuccour unto C alvtn ^(tn<is,
him a Summary or Abftrad: of the Englifli Bopk (in the Latine Tongue)
and earneftly defires his opinion of it ; not doubting but all Opponents
would fubmit to his final Sentence. What Cdvifh judgement was in
the prefcnt Point, and what fentence he was like to give in the cafe
before him , Knoxco\x\ii not bat have good affurance when he wrote
that Letter, having lived with C^M';; at C^-^f^v^ , and publiflied fome
Seditious Books from thence with his approbation , before his cominw
unto Frankfort: and it fucceeded anfwerably to his exped;ation,as may
appear by Calvin s anfwer to that Letter 5 which in regard it was the
ground of all thofe troubles which afterwards were raifed a<^ain{l the
Liturgy by the Puritan Fadion, I fhall here fubjoyn.
1 7. It is no [mall affliction to ms^ and in itfelfno lefs inconvenience , that 4
contention fJwHld be raifed between brethren ^r of effing the fame Faith , andlivinz
Of bantf\)edmen or exiles for the fame Religion •, efpeciallyfgr fuch a Caufe, rvhich
in this time of your differfion , ought to have been the Bond of Peace to bindyoii, the
more firmly to one another: for what ought rather to be aimed at by '^ou in this
woful condition , then that being torn aw ay from the hovels of your native Coun-
trey , you fwuld tut your fives into a Church ^ which might receive you in her
bofom^ conjoyned together {like the Children of the fame Parent) both in hearts
and tongues ? But at this time in my opinion it is very unfeafonable , that troubles
fwuldbe raifed amongjl you about Ceremonies and Forms of Prayer , {as happens
commonly amongjl thofe who live in wantonnefs and eafe) by means whereof yoit
have been hindered hitherto from growing into one body. I do not blame the con-
fancy of thofe men , who being unwillingly drawn into it , do earneftly contend in
an hone ft Caufe • but rather tkeftubbornnefs ofthofe, which hitherto hath hindered
the Holy purpofe of forming and efldblijhing a Church amongftyou. For as I ufe
tofl^ew my [elf both flexible and facile in things indifferent , as aU Rites and Cere-
monies are -, yet I cannot always think it profitable to comply rvith thefooli[h way. r^-s in Litut-
tvardnefs of fome few men, who are refolved to remit nothing of their Ancient Ctt- g'a Angiica-
floms. (a) I cannot but obferve many tolerable fooleries in the Englijh Liturgy, ^y^^r^^hi-
fuch as you have defribed it to me. By which two words (tho[e names oftoler- tis, muitas vi.
able fooleries; / me4n onely this, that there is not fuch Smity or perfection, as ^(["ilfllf^''
1 4 C^e l^tfloj^ of i^z 1^ je?il)?tertan?i.
vens tohe dcfircd in it '^ which imf erf cations ^ notrvithfimdin^ not beingto he reme-
died at tbefrfiy were to he horn with for a time^ in regard that no manifefi impe-
ty was contained in them. Itwas therefore fo far Uwf id to begin with fuchheg'
gtrly Rudiments , that the Learned , Grave and Godly Minifiers ofchnfl might
he thereby encouraged for proceeding farther in fetting out jomewh at which might
Prove more pure and perfe^. (b) if true Religion had for/iPedti// this time in
S^n Angiia the church of England , it had been neceffary that many things in that Book
viguifletfin- fhoffld have been o»>itted ^ and others altered to the better. But now that all fuch
a^ufd'in"' i'rincipks are ont of force ^ and that you were to conflitnte a Church m another
melius cor- pUce , and that you were at liberty to compofefiich a Form of IVorJhip which might
reftummd-^ ^^ ry-^^^ ^^ ^^^ Church ^ and more conducc to Edifcation , then the other did -^ J
efie oportct. know not what to think of thofe{c) who are fo much delighted in the dregs of Po-
'(c) Qu* fibi p^yv But commonly men love thofe things befl^ to which they have been mofl ac-
quos tsEcis'pa- cufiomed. which though in the firfl place it m^y feem a vain and childijh folly 5
pifticas ranto- ^^^ ;^ ^/,^ ff^xt flacc it may be cenfidsred , thatfuch a new Model is much different
^Mit. ^' from An alteration. Howfoever^ as I would not have you toofiiff and peremptory ^
if the infirmity of fame men fuffo themnot to come up unto your own de fires ^ fo I
mufl needs admonifh others , not to be too much plea fed with their wants andigno-
ranceS',nor to retard the co irfe andprogrefs of fo good a work by their own perverf-
nefs 5 nor fnally, to be tranfforted m the manner byfuch afool/Jh Emulation. For
•what other ground have they for this contention , but that they think it adifgrace
to yeild unto better counfels ? But poffibly I mxy addrefs my words in vain to thcfe.^
rvho peradventare may not afcrihe fo ?mch unto me^ as to voachfafe to hearken
unto any advice which doth proceed from fnch a dtf pic able Author, if any of them
fear that any fmifler report will be raifedcfthem in England , as if they had for"
faken that Religion for which they put themfelvcs into a voluntary exile • they are
much deceived. For this ingenuous and fence ye Profcffton will rather compel thofe
Godly men which are left behind , fen on fly to confide r what a deep Aoyis they are
fallen into; whofe dangerous eflate will more grievoufly wound them , when they
(hall fee that yo:t have travelled beyond the middle of that conrfc , from which they
have beenfo unhappily retrained , or brought back again. Farewel my mofl
dear Brethren , the faithful Servants of Jefus Chrill 5 and be you Jl ill under
the governance andprote^ion of the Lord your God.
i§. This Letter bearing date on the fifteenth of the Calends of /*<?-
hruary , and fuperfcribed in general to the Englifl) which remained ac
Frankfort , carried fo great a Itrokc with the Knoxian Party , that there
was no more talk of the -E^f///^ Liturgie •, the Order of Gf;?f 1^4 being
immediately entertained in the place thereof. And when the matter
was fo handled by Dr. Cox , firft Tutor, and then Almoner to King
Edward the Sixth , brought thither by the noife of fo great a Schifm,
that the Liturgie of England was again reftored 5 Knox was fo far from
yeildin^ to the Gravity and Authority of that Learned man, that he in-
veighed againft him in the Pulpit without fear or wit. ButC<?Arnoc
able to endure a baffle from fo mean a fellow , informs againft him to
the Senate touching fome pafiTages in one of his Seditious Pamphlets ;
in which it is affirmed, that Queen J/^r; (whom elfewhere he calls by
the odious name of ^ez,abel , and 3. Traytorefs to England) ought not to
joyn her felf in Marriage with the Emperours Son , becaufe the Empe-
rour himfelf maimained Idolatry^ and was a greater Emmy to Chrift then
ever
Lib. I. 'Wf)t ^rntm of tije 10?e0i3^terian!5.
15
ever was Nero. Knox hereupon departs by Moon-Iight,but howfoever
■quits the Town , and retires to Geneva ; leaving the Litur^ie for the
prefent in a better condition then he had found it at his firfl coming
thither. But Cox confldering with himfelf how neceflary Cdvins fa-
vour might be to him , falutes him with a civil Letter , fubfcribed by
himfelf and fourteen others ; all of them being men of Note in their
feveral places : In which they excufed themfelves for having fet that
Church in order without his advice 5 not without fome rejoycin^ that
they had brought the greatefl part of thofe who withftood their doings
to be of the fame Opinion with them. Which how aoreeable it was
to Calvin^ may be feen by his return to Cox and his Adherents
iCexo & Gre^dihus [uis ^ as the Latine hath itj bearing date ^C^;?^ 1/
ip. In which Letter (having firfl: craved pardon for not writint^
fooner) he lets them know that he had freely hgnified to Dr. Sampfon >
(a very fit man to be acquainted with his fecrets) what he conceived of
the Difputes which were raifed at /"r^w^/tf;-/^-, as alto that he had been
certified by fome Friends of his who complained much of it , chat they
did ftand fo ftridly on the Englifh Ceremonies , as (hewed them to be
too much wedded to th: Rites of their Country. And further certi-
fied, that he had heard fomewhar of thofe Reafoi.s which they flood on
raoft, for not receding any thing from the Form eftablifhed • but thev
were fuch as might receive an ealie Anfwer : that he had writ to thofe
of the oppofite party , to carry themfelves with moderation in the pre-
fent bufinefs, though nothing was therein remitted by Cox and his and
howfoever was now glad to hear that the difference was at laft compo-
fed. He fpeaks next touching their {a) retaining of Crejjes^ Tapers^ and
fuch other trifles of that nature , proceeding at the firfl from fuper'iHti- >mfl%!cel''
on; and thereupon infers, that they who fo earneflly contended for ^^^''^ •''•''^''
them, when it was in their choice not to do it , did draw to neer upon /JS/w
the dregs. He adds, that he could fee no Reafon why they ihould '^■'""py nma
charge the Church with frivolous and impertinent Ceremonies , which ^nTJIifA^
he (hould no way wrong if he called them dangerous \ when they were "dfconjiitm,
left at liberty to €ompofe an Order for themfelves, more pure and {im-T'-^'^'"^''
pie: that in his judgement it was done with little Piety, and lefs Iw- w7«E«'-
therly love ; on any clancular informations to call Knex in queflion • f""/'^^'. ^
(for fo I underflood him by his letter N.) and that they had done better ''*"''"'''"''^'
to hare flay'd at home, then to have kindled the coals by fuch a piece of
UQjuft cruelty in a Forein Countrey , by which others alfo were in-
flamed : and finally, that he had written howfoever unto fome of the
adverfe party, of whofe intent to leave that place he had been adverti-
fed , that they Ihould continue where they were , and not violate the
League of their Friendfhip by their feparations , with other things to
that effeft. But notwithftanding this advice , many of the Schifmati-
cal party removed from Frankfort^ and put themfelves into Geneva 5 the
principal of which were Whittin^ham^ Knox, Goodman, and he which af-
terwards was able to Ao more then all the reft , Mr. Francis Kaellis , al-
lyed by Marriage to the Carfes , defcended from a younger Sifter of
Queen Anne BuUen , and confequently neer of Kin to Queen Elizabeth,
Thcfemen grew very great with Calvin , with whofe good leave they
put
&■
1 6 C^e W^m of ^^ ^je^b^tettan^. Lib. i.
put themTelves into the form of a Congregation, chofe K;tox and Good-
manfot their Brethren , and in all points comformed themfelves to the
Rules of that Church-, which afterwards they laboured to promore in
\nBngUnd^ and adually did cffed in i'tref/rf;?^ , to theno fmall diftur:
bance of either Kingdom. By the perfwafion of thefe men, he is refol-
ved to try his Fortune once again on the Church o£ England^ before the
refetling of the Liturgie under Q^ttn Elizabeth might render the dellgn
impoifible, oratleaft unprofperous. To which end headdreffeth his
defires to the Queen her felf, at her firft coming to the Crown. The
like he doth to Mr. Secretary Cecily by his letters bearing date the 17.
oi~JMmry 1 5 58, in which he makes mention of the other ; in both he
fpurs them on to a Reformation, complaining that they had not fliewed
fnch a forwardnefs in it, as all good men expected , and that caufe j-«-
(i)Vt -Jktit quired. But above all things he defires that a pure {a) and perfect
purus &in-^ Worlliip of God may be fully letled, that the Church, may be throughly
^t£---rcciT' purged of its former filth , and that the children of God in EngUr/d
fu Ji/s dibus j-niaht be left at liberty to ufe fuch purity in all Ads of publick Wor-
S/ S- fliip as to them feemed belt. And what dk could he aim at by thefe ex^
hvtiapud preflions (comparing them with the Contents of his two laft letters) but
7rJmil7'u^ that the former Liturgie fliould be aboliflied , or brought unto a neerer
pJhk-jiciri conformity to the Rules of Geneva ; or at the Icaft, that liberty might
be left to the Godly party , to ufe any other Form of Worlliip which
they though ri\oxtfure ? But finding no fuch good return to either let.
ter, as he had promifed to himfeJf, he leaves the caufc to be purfued by
fuch Englidi Zealors, as he had trained up at Gcnevx., or otherwife had
fetled their abode amongfl thtSrvitzers ^ where all let Forms of Wor-
lliip were as much decryed , as they were with him. And that they
■ mi^'ht not flacken in the midft of their courfe , he recommends the ge-
neral Superintendents of the Church oi EngUndto the care of 5f-<j,who
after his deceafe fucceeded both in his place and power 5 of whofe prag-
maticalnefs in purfuing this delign againft the Liturgie, condemning
all cftablidied Orders of this Church, his interpoling in beiialf of
fuch of his Followers as had been filenced , fufpended, or deprived
for their inconformity, v?e ihlU fpeak more large at when we cam.e to
EiJgUnd.
20. There happened another quarrel in the Church of England-, and
he rauft needs make himfelf a party in it. Mr. J-ohn Hoofer having well
deferved by his pains in Preaching and Publilhing fome Books, which
Very much conduced to the peace of the Church , is nominated by the
King to the See of Ghcefler. Willing enough he was to accept the
charc^e •, but he had lived fo long at Zurich , in the Reign of King Hen-
ri , where there was no diftindion of Apparel, either Sacred or Civil,
that herefufed to wear fuch Robes at his Confccration,as by the Rules
of the Church were required of him. And by the Rulesof the Church
it was required , that for his ordinary Habit he fliould wear the Rochei
and chimere^ With a fquarc Cap upon his head , and not officiate at the
Altar' without his Coap , or perform any Ordination without his Cro-
lier. Incouraged by his refufal , many of the inferiour Clergie take
the'Hke e:tceptipns againft Caps and Surplices , as alfo againft Gowns
and'Tipijcts , the diftind Habits of their Order. Upon this ground
'iX'i ' ■ '' ^ -. Archbifliop
31.1 q
Lib. I. Cljc f iftoii? Of tl)c ^?e0bttman0. 17
Archbifliop Cranmer makes a flop of hisiConfecration,' and would not
be perl'waded tp-'difput.e withthimin ths^t.parcicular , though he much
(kliredit. He had faftned fome depeSdanee n^on Dudley^ then Ear!
o^Wiirwick., and afterwards created Duke of NorthimbeHnfid -^ who
did not onely write his own letters , but obtained the Kings, that with-
out prefllng him any further to conform himfclf to thofe Robes and
Habits , the Biiliop fhould proceed immediately to his:Confecrafion.
But Cranmer weighing the importance ;of that- ill Example, held
off his hand, till he had fatisfied the Kiiig, and fi> cooled the Earl,
thit ffooper was left unto himfelfj and f^ill continuing in his con-
tumacy, was committed Prifoner. The news being brought to Ctthirt^
he mult needs play the Bifliop in another mans Diocefs , or rather the
Archbilhop in another mans Province. But having little hope of |)re'-f
vailing with Crmm;r^ who had before rejeded hisalfiitancein the Re-"
formaition, he totally applies himfelf to the Duke o( Sommerfet <'■ And
he writes to him to this purpofc; That the Papifts would grow every-
day more infolent then other, unlefs the differences about the Ceremo-
nies were firft compofed. But then they.were to be compofed in fuch a
manner , as rather might encourage the dif&nters in their oppofition,
then end in the reduction of them to a'due conformity. And to this
end, he is unfeafonably inftant with him, to lend a helping hand to
Hooper , as the head of that Fadion. By which encouragement,if not
alfo by his fetting on , the like was done by Peter Martyr,- and by ^eh?t
Jlafco -, the firft of which was made Divinity- Reader in oxon, and the
other Preacher to the Dutch in London-, both ingaged infticklinc^for
the unconformable Party againft the Veftmentsof the Church. °But
they both gained as little by it as Calvin did 5 who feeing how little he
effededin the Church oi England , more then the getting of the name
of a Folypragmon, a meJler in fuch matters as concerned him not , gave
over the affairs thereof to the charge o£ Bez-a •, who being younger then
himfelf, and oflefs difcretion , might live to fee fome good fuccefs of
his Travels in it. And he accordingly beftirred himfelf in this very
quarrel, asif the fafety of the Church and the prefervation of Religion
had been brought in danger •, writing his letters unto Grindal^ when Bi-
fliop of London^ not to inlift fo far on thofe matters of Ceremony, as to
deprive any of his Miniftery upon that account. He alfo fignifies unto
the Brethren his diflike of thofe Veftments , and thereby ftrenathned
and confirmed them in their former obftinacy : And finally, left no
ftone unmoved, no kind of pradlice unattempted,by which this Church
might be at laft neceffitated to a Reformation upon Cahim Principles,
whofe counfels he purfued to the very laft.
21. But as for Calvin^he had fome other game to fly at, and of grea^
ter nature , then to difpute the lawfulnefs of Caps and Surplices , and
other Veftments of the Clergie •, or to content himfelf with altferino-
the old Forms of Government and publick VVorfliip : The Dodrine wa^
to be refined, and all Idolatry removed , whether it were Civil or Spi-
ritual. In point of Dodrine he came neereft nnto that of ZuingUus, as
well in reference to the Sacrament, as Predeftination •, bat pitched upon
the laft for the main concernment, which was to difference bis own Fol-
lowers from all other Chriftians. The ftraining of which ftrin^ tofo
D great
1 8 Ci^ W^Qiv Of t]^c ^ je^bttenanjs. Lib. i.
great a height,, hath made more difcord in the harmony of theChurch
ofChrift, thenany other whaT|"oevcr. For not content to go the way
of the Ancient Fathers , or.to.idy upon the judgment of St. Juguftine,
Fuigentms , Proffer , or any others which have moderated his excefTcs
in it , he muft needs add fo much- unto thofe extravagancies which he
found in Zuinglius , as brought him under a fufpition with fome Ibbet
men, for making God to be. the Author ofiia: For by his Dodirine
God is made to lay on our Father jdam an abfolute and an unavoidable
neceflity of falling into fin and mifery ^ that fo he might have oppor-
tunity to manifeft his Mercy in Eleding fome fev/ of his Pofterity, and
his Jtifticeintheremedilefs rejecting of all the reft. In which as he
could find no countenance from the Ancient Fathers,fo he pretcndeth
not to any ground for it in the Holy Scripture. For whereas fome ob-
jected in Gods behalf, De certis verbis non extare^ that the Decree of
Adams Fall , and confequently the involving of his whole Pofterity in
fi« and mifery, was no where extant in the Word ^ he makes no other
aafwertoit , then a qunfivero-. As if (faith hej God had made and
created Man the moft exadl Piece of his Heavenly Workmanfliip,with-
Out determining of his End^ either Heaven or Hell. And on this point
he was fo refolutely bent, that nothing but an abfolute Decree for
Adams Fall, fecoaded by the like for'the involving of all his Race in the
fame perdition, would either ferve his turn, or preferve his credit. If
any man ftiall dare to opine the contrary , as Cafiillo did , he muft be
fure to be difgraced and cenfured-by him, asCaJliUowas-^ and as all
others fince have been , which preiumed to queftion that determinati-
on, for which himfelf can give us no better name than that of an Kcr-
y/'^/e Decree, as indeed it is 5 z crndznd Hornhle Decree., to pre-ordain fo
many Millions to deftrudion, and confequently unto fin, that he might
deftroy them.
22. I had notftoodfo long upon this particular, but in regard of
thofe confufions and diftradiions which by his Followers have been oc-
cafioned in the Church, by their adhering to this DodrinCjand labour-
ing to obtrude it upon all mens confciences. The Ztanglian Gofpellers,
as Bifhop //ctf'/^fr rightly calls them , began to fcatter their Predeftinary
Dodrines in the Reign of King Bdvoard. But they effeded little in it,
tillfuch of our Divines as had retired themfelves to Bafil^ Zurich , and
^mongft the Smtzers , or otherwifehad been brought up at the Feet of
Cahift , encouraged by his Authority , and countenanced by his name,
commended them to all the people of this Realm, for found Catholick
verities. The like diligence was alfo ufed by his Difciples in all places
elfe. By means whereof it came to be generally received , as a truth
undoubted, and one of the moft necelTary Dodrines of Mans Salvation,
in all the Churches of his Platform ; In which as his Dodrine in fome
other points had firft prepared the way to bring in his Difcipline •, fo
fo was it no hard matter for the Difcipline to fupport thefe Dodrines,
and cruQi all them that durft oppofe them. Onely it was permitted
unto Beza and his Difciples to be fomewhat milder then the reft, in pla-
cing the DecreeofPredeftination before the Fall : which Cahiithim-
felf, though in fome paflages of his Writingshemay feemto lookthe
fame way alfo, hath placed more judicioully in Maffa corruftay in the cor-
rupted
Lib. I. cije l^iftozr of tt)e l^^egslj^termnsf. r^
rupted mafs of mankind, and the more moderate Calvimanszs rightly
preruppofe for a matter neceflary , before there could be any place for
Elcliion or Reprobation oi particular Perfons, But being they concurred
with the reft , as to the perfonal Eledion or Reprobation of particular
men •, the reftoring of the benefit of our Saviours fufferings to thofe
few particulars , (whom oiiely they had honoured with the olorious
l^zmtoiGodsEleii) the working on them by the irrefiftable p^ower of
Grace in the ad of Converfion , and bringing them infallibly by the
continual alTiftance of the faid Grace unto life everlafting • there was
hardly any notice taken of their Deviation 5 infomuch that they were
fcarce beheld in the condition of erring brethren , though they differed
-from them in the main Foundation which they built upon j but gene-
rally palTed under the name of Cahinifis^ as the other did. Which Do-
dtrines, though I charge not wholly on thefcore of Presbytery^in regard
that many of our Englifl> Divines , who abhorred that Government
appeared in favour of the fame 5 yet I may truely father them on the
two grand Patrons of the Presbperians , by whom they have been fince
expofed as their deareft Darling 5 and no lefs eagerly contended for, then
the Holy Difcipline.
23. Another of C^/^'/>J great defigns was to cry down that Civil Ido-
latry, which he conceived had been committed unto Kings and Princes
in making them Supreme and uncontrollable in thtir feveral Countries.
For pulling downof whofc Authority, even in Civil Matters, he attri-
butes fuch power to fuch popular Officers as are by them appointed for
the eafe of their Subjeds , that by his Doctrine they may call the Su-
preme Magiftrate to a ftrid account , whenfoever they fhall chance to
exceed thofe bounds which they had prefcribed unto themfelves 5 onely
by which they may be circumlcribcd by others : For having in the lafl
Chapter of his Inflittttions , firft publifhed in the year 1536, exceeding
handfomely laid down the Dodrine of Obedience, and the unlawfulneft
of Refiftance in what cafe foever^ he gives in theclofe fuch a qualifica-
tion, as utterly overthrows his former Dodrine, and proved the fole
ground of fuch Rebellions, Treafons and Alfaflinates as have disfigured
the otherwife undefiled beauty of the Church of Chrift. Which paf-
fages I {lull here lay down in the Authors words , with a tranflation by
their fide , that the Reader may perceive there is no wrong done him ;
and afterwards proceed to the difcovery of thofe fad effedts which have
enfued upon them in too many places , wherein his Difcipline hath ci-
ther been received or contended far. His Dodrine in which point iS
this that foUoweth :
24. Neque emm ft ultio Domini efi 24. Nor may we think be- inftimt. /iJ.4.'
effranata , dominationis corre^io ideo caufe the punifhment of Licenti- f-" '^jJ'*
frotintu demandatum ncbis arbitre- ous Princes belongs to God , that
mur , quibus nullum almdquam pa- prefently this power is devolved on
rendi & patiendi datum efi manda- us , to whom no other warrant
turn. De frivAtis homitiibus femper hath been given by God,but onely
loquar. Namfi qui nunc fmt^o^M- to obey and fufer. Butftilllmuft
lares Magiftratus ad maderandttm be underftood of private perfons
D J For.
2^ -^Tftel^ifto^^ofti^e^je^iJttemngi. Lib. i
RegHmlibidtnemconfiitmiqudesoUm For if there be now zny Popular
erant qui Lacedemoniis Regibus ojficers ordained to moderate the
oppofite erant Ephori, rf;<fRoraanis licentioufnefs of Kings (fuch as
Con[Hlibn5'Xt\\i\x\xi^\t\)\s^Mth^ht' were the Bfhori fet up of old a-
nienfium Semtui Demarchi, & qua gainft the Kings o^ Sparta, the Tn-
etiam forte fotefiatCy ut nunc res ha- bunes of the people againft the Ro-^
heMyfufJgimttir mfingulis MegniSytits wan Confuls , and the Demarchj
Ordines > cttm fnmarios conventus againft the Athenian Senate , and
feragmt:) adeo lUos feroctentt Re- with which power perhaps, as the
o\xm.licenti<iifroo0ciointercedtre mn world goes, the three. States are
wV<>, «f / Regibus imfotenter graj- feiz'd in each feveral Kingdom,
fantihus , & Kumili flebectiU infid- when they are folemnly afTem-
tantibui conniverunt , eonm diffimtt- bled •,) lb far am I from hindering
Utiommmfartaferfidianoncarere af- them to put reftraints upon the
frmcm y qtaapfuiilibertatem {ch]us exorbitant power of Kings, as
fe, I>ei ordinatione ■, ttttorcs pojites m- their Office binds them ^ that I
rmt)fraudiiknter frodunt. conceive them rather to be guilty
of a perfidious dillimulation , if
they connive at Kings when they
play the Tyrants, or wantonly in-
fult on the common People , in
that they treacheroufly betray the
Subjects liberties , of which they
knew they were made Guardians
by Gods own Ordinance.
■ aj. Which dangerous Doftrinc being thus breathed and broached
hyCahin , hath fmce been both profelTeJ and pradifedby all his Fol-
lowers, as either they had opportunity to declare themrelves,or Itrength
enough to put the fame in t;xeGUtion. Some of whole words I Ihall
here adde as a taile to the reft,and then refer the reft to their proper pla-
ces. And firft we will begin with Beza , who in his twenty fonrth E-
piftle , infcribed to the Outlandifli Churches in England, doth reColve
it .thus : if (a) any man (faith he) contr^irj to the Laxvs and Liberties ofhn
repuiMnn-"'^ Native Coftntrej , jhallmake himfelfa Lord or Supreme Magifirnte over all the
bus legibus, y^a . gy Ictng lawfully invefled with the Supreme Magiftracie , jltonld either m-
Vile^g^is,Tefe '' jujiiyfpoil or deprive his Subje^s cf thofe Rights dnd I'nviledges which he hath
Dominum (rvorn to them to oh[erve , or otherwise opprejs them by open Tjranny •, that then
nm St"' ^^^ Ordinary andinferiour officers are to oppofe themfelves againfi them,nho both
tuit, &c. by reafon of their feveral offices , and by Gods appointment, are bound in all fuch
Epift. 24. ^ A^ j^ prote^ the Subje^s , not onely againfi For em, but Domefiick Tyrants.
Which is as much as could be poffibly contained in fo narrow a cora-
pafs : And if he were the Author (as feme fay he was) of the Book
called Vindici/i contra Tyrannos , publifhed under the name of Stephanui
BrntHs 5 there hath been no Rebellion raifed fince that Book was writ-
teuj or likely to be raifed in the times enfuing , which may not honeft-
ly be charged upon his account. But becaufe the Author of this Book
is commonly reported to be meerly French , and none of the Genevian
t)0(ftors 5 we may poflibly hear more of him in that part of our Hiftory-
whicK rclateth to the Actings of the Presbyterians in the Realm of
V, Frmcc,
Lib. I. is^lje f ifto^r Of t^e i^jejib^erian?!. 25
France. What was taught afterwards in purfuance of Cdvins Dodri.
nes by Hottaman , and him that calls hirafclf Enfehms PhiUdelphos a-
monglt the French-, hy Urfene md Fareus ^ in the Palatme ChurchsS'
by Buchanan and Knox amougft the Scots, and by fome principal Difci-
plinarians amongftthe Englifh, welhall hereafter fee in their proper
places : And we Ihall then fee alfo what was done in point of practice '
rirft by the Princes of the Houfe of Bourbon , and afterwards by fora|
great Lords of the Huguenot party againft Francis the Second^ Charles the
Ninth, Henry the Tiiird , Loun the Thirteenth , Kings of J/:^;?^^ j by
William Prince o^Orange^ and other of the Belgick Lords, in tht final Ab-
dication of King P/^////' the Second ^ hy xht Hungarians md Bohemians in
their revolting from the Princes of the Houfe of Aujlria • by the Rebel--
lious iTof^ , in depofing, imprifoning , and expelling af their rightful
Queen, and finally, by the Gf /?m4» Fadion in the Realm o^ England ^ia
their imbroylments of the Nation under Queen Elizabeth , and that ca-
lamitous War (but more calamitous in the ififuc and conclufion of it; a-
gainftC^^r/fjthe Firft. All which are built upon no other ground then
this Dodrineof Crf/w« , accommodated and applyed to their feveral
purpofes , as appears plainly by the Anfwerof the Scots to Queen Eligia-
beth , who juftified the depofing of their natural and lawful Queen , on
thofe words of Cahin^ which they relyed on for thp fole ground of
that horrible Treafon , and their Indemnity therein -, of which more
hereafter.
26. In the mean time I fliall content my felf with the followin*:^ paf-
fage, faithfully gathered out of the Commonplaces oi William Bucaff^ Dl-
vinity-Reader in thefmallUniverfity ofZ4jpp«»4, fituace on the Lake
Lemancy in the Canton o( Berne, and confequently a neer Neighbour to
the Town of Geneva t, who treating in his forty one Chapter of the
Duty of jv/agiftates , propounds this queftion toward the clofe, viz.
What a good Chrijlian ought to do ifhy a cruel Prince he be diflref^ed bj fome o-rie-
vousandofen inptry ? To which he thus returns his Anfwer : That though
Princes and Subjects have relation unto one another •, yet Subjeifs in the courfe of
nature were before their Princes , and therefore that fuch Princes {if they ufurp
not a plain Tyranny in their feveral Kingdoms ) are not Super iour to the reft by
naturt^ in the ri^ht of Father hood , but are fettled by the fffrd^es andconfent of
the people, on fuch conditions as originally mere agreed between them • and that it
follows thereupon ., {according unto Buchanans Docfrme") that Subje^s are
mt born for the good of their Kings , but that all Kings were made tofervefor
the good of the people: that it is lawful to defend Religienby force of Arths •, not
pnely againfl the afjatilts of fuch Forein Nations as have nojurifdi^ion over «•>-,
hut alfo againft any part of the fame Common-wealth {the common content of th^
Eft ate s being firft obtained) which doth endeavour toftbvertit : that no violence
ii to be offered to the perfon of the Sttfreme Magiftrate, though he play the Tyrant,
by any private man whatfoever, except he be warranted thereunto by fome extra-
ordinary andexprefs command from the Lord himfelf ; lut the oppreffion rather
to he bom with patience , then that God fhould be offended by fuch rafh attempts :
that the Vrotetlion of the Supreme Magiftrate was to he required againft the ua-
]uft opprefjions of inferiour Officers : and that in a free Common-wealth the Sft-
freme Magiftrate is rather to be queftionedin a courfe of Law, then by epon Force 5
that Suhjeits may lawfully take up Arms in defence of their Wives and Children,
if
22
C]^e )$m}t of t^e ^jegbrtenanj}.
Lib. I.
if the chief Magi finite ma^e any violent a^ault uf on them . as Lyons ar.d other
hriite Creatures fght to defend their young ones • this laft exemplified by that
of Trajan, giving the SwOitd to the Captain of his Guard, with thefe fol-
lovvino words : Hoc enfe pro mejufiafaaente , injufiafaciente contra me uta-
that is to fay, That he fhouid ufe the Sword againft hirn in defence
r:s
of himCelf , and for the protection of all thofe who in regard of his Of-
fice were fubjedl to him : that therefore it tvas well done hy the Switztrs to
free themfehcs of their fidjecfwn to the Houfe e/ Auftria , when the Princes of
the Houfe had exercifed more then ordinary cruelty in mofl farts of the Coimtrey 5
that Dividmizht lawfully have kiUedSznl , kcaufe he gave his Wife to another
man, expelled him from his Native Countrey , murdered the Pnefisfordomg
fome ^ood offices to him, andpurftied him from one place to another with his flying
Army:, hut that he did forbear to do it^, lefi he fhoiild give an Example to the people
c^Ifratl of killing their Kings , which other men prompted by ambition might be
like enough to imitate. ^
< ■ 27. Such is the Commentary of Buchanns upon Calvins Text, by
which all Chriftian Kings are made accountable even in Civil Matters
to the three Eftatcs, or any other ordinary Officers of their own ap-
pointing. Which Doiftrines being once by him delivered, and infor-
ced by others, what elfe could follow therecpon, but firft an under-
valuing of their tranfcendent Authority, afterwards a contempt of their
perfons •, and finally, a reviling of them with reproachful Language -t
(ijunctlUrins Vwm hcucc it was that Calvin calls {a) Mary Qieen of England hy. the
' ' " name of Proferpine, affuring us that all the Devils in HcU were not half
fo mifchievous •, and that Knox could not finde for her any better titles
then that of 5Pf^4^f/, mifchievous JV/^ry of the Spaniards blood, thepro-
feffed enemy of God. From hence it was, that Beza calls Mary Queen
of Scots, by the names oi Medeaand Athaliah •, of which the one was no
lefs infamous in the Sacred, then the other was in the Heathen (lory 5
that the Engllfli Puritans compared Queen Elizabeth to an idle Slut, who
fwept the middle of the room, but left all the duft and filth thereof be-
(^)inMiVmus hind the doors ^ that Didoclavius calls King ^ames {b) the greateft and
Evangdii ho- mofl deadly enemy of the holy Gofpel •, and pofitively affirms {c) of all
far'.DamJb'. Kings in general, they are naturally enemies to the Kingdom of Chrift.
Epift. " And finally, from hence it was that the fedicious Author of the bafe
^lit m'^liin'"' a"<^ unworthy Dialogue,entituled Eufebiue Philadelphus^haih fo befpatte-
om^blsRi- red the great Princes of the Houfe of f ranee, ^lat he hath made them
^d" \wa' ^^^ ^^^ '^§^y Monfters in their lulls and cruelty, which ere Nature
0 im. 1. Qjjyj,g(j . and could devife no fitter names for Queen il/4ry of 5f<?^/4«^,
then thofe o^ Medea, Clytemneftra, Proferpine, with that of monfirum Exi-
tiale "in the clofe of all : And that the late moft mighty Monarch of
Gtea.t Britain, was handled by hisSubjedsof this Faction with no lefs
fcurrility, then if he had been raifed on high for no other purpofe then
to be made the mark againft which they were to ftioot their Arrows,
even moft bitter words, the objed of all falfe tongues, and calumnious
Pens. Thus do rhey deal with Kings and Princes, as Pilateln the Gof-
j)el did with Chrift our Saviour, adorned them in their Royal Robes,
with their Crowns and Sceptres, and then expofed them to the fcorn of
the common Souldiers, the infolencies and reproaches of the Raskal
Rabble.
.- . : 28. Nor
Pra/erpixic illi
us, rjKtetiiinc
in Angliit urn-
lies fkpsrat
D'mbolos.
Calv. in
Amos,cap.7.
Lib. I ci^c ^tSojt Of ti^e piz&))^tmam, % 3
28. Nordorhcy deal much better with them, in reference to their
power in Spiritual Matters -, which they make either none at all, or fuch
as is lubfervient onely to the ufe of the Church. Calvin firft leads the
way in th.s, as he did in the other, and fee ms exceedingly difpleafed
with King Henry the Eighth^ for taking to him the Title of Supreme
Head on Earth of the Church o^EngUnd. Of this he makes complaint
in his Commentary on the 'jth of Jm0s -, not onely telling us (^) what
iuconfiderate men they were who had conferred upon him any fuch Su- aiulmhis
preraacy, but that himfelfwas very much difquieted and offended at "^'"'/"'"''"■',
it. And though he be content to yield him fo much Authority, as ^fyi'r
may enable him to make ufeof the Civil Sword to the proteding of ^'■'!^"ff»■ za--
the Church and the true Religion-, ytt he condemns all thofe of the ■"'"■ ^'^^
like inconfideratenefs, who make them more fpiritual ( that is to fay, jj.^'*^^^"^" *
of greater power, in Sacred Matters ) then indeed they are. The Su-
preme power according to the Rules QiCdvins Platform, belongs un-
to the Confiftory, ClaiTes, or Synodical Meetings, to which he hath
afcribed the delignation of all fuch as bear publick Office in the Church
the appointing and proclaiming ofallfolemn Fails, the calling of all
Councils or Synodical Meetings, the ccnfuring of all mifdemeanours in
the Minifters of holy Church : in which laft they have made the Su-
preme Magiftrate an incompetent Judge, and therefore his Authority
and final Judgment in fuch cafes of no force at all. 5f;::<i treads clofc
upon the heels of his Maftcr Calvin^ and will allow no other power to the
Civil Magiftrate, then to proted the Church and the Miniftry of it, in
propagating and promoting the True Worfliip of God. Itis, faith (J>)
he, the office of the Civil Magiftrate to ufe the Sword in maintenance ^l ^f^^*'*
and defence of Gods holy Church ^ as it is the duty of the Minifters and 'e'ft%dt//m
Preachers of it, to implore their aid as well againft all fuch as refufe o- "^'4''"^'''
bedience to the Decrees and Conftitutions of the Church, as againft /nw//&cr
Hcrcticks and Tyrants, which endeavoured to fubvertthe fame. In E^^^-Ep'^-
which particulers if the Magiftrate negledts to do his duty, and fliall ^'^'
not diligently labour in fuppreffing Herefie, and executing the Decrees
of the Church againft all opponents •, what can the people do, but fol-
low the Example of the Mother- City, in taking that power upon them-
felves, though to the total alteration and fubverfion of the publick Go-
vernment. For from the Principles and practice of thefe great Refor-
mers, it hath ever fince been taken up as a Ruled eafe amonffft all their
Followers, that if Kings and Princes fliould refufe to reform Reli'^ion,
that then the inferiour Magiftrates, or the common people, by the di-
reftion of their Minifters, both may and ought to proceed to a Refor-
mation and that by force of Arms alfo, if need fo require.
2p. That by this Rule the Scets did generally walk in their Refor-
mation, under the Regencie of Mary of Lomign^ Queen-Do wa<^er to
^Ames the Fifth- and after her deceafe, in the Reign of her Daughter;
we (hall ftiew hereafter. And we ftiall Ihew hereafter alfo, that it
was publiflied for good Gemvlan Dodrine by our Englifh Puritms^ That
if Princes hinder them that travel in the fearch of thU holy Dikl^Yuie, they
are Tyrants te the Church and the Minifiers of it -, and king fo^ may hedefofed
ly their SujeSis. Which though it be fomewhat more the Calvin taught
as to that particular, yet the conclufion follows well enough on fuch
faulty
24 C]^e m^on of t^t ^jc0l)ttcnan0. Lib. i.
p
faulty Premifes •, which makes it feem the greater wonder in our En-
alifh Puritans, 'that following him fo cloiely in purfuic of the Difci-
pline, their difaffedion unto Kings and all Soveraign Princes, their
manifeftcontemptof all publlck Liturgies, and p^rtinacioufly adhering
to his Dodlrine of Predeltination •, they ftiould fo vifibly dilTcnt him in
the point of the Sabbath. For whereas fome began to teach about thefe
fa) Mordm times U) that the keeping holy of one day in fevcn was to be reckoned
)ffeunhs did for the Moral part of the fourth Commandment ; he could not let it
objnYtimm p^f^ ^yithout fome rcproof : for what, faith he, can be intended by
^l''inftftut. • thofemcn, but in defiance of the Jews to change the day, and then to
lib. 2. c. 8. j^jj ^ areater Sanftity unto it then the J-ews ever did < Firft therefore,
Sea. 34. ^^ decTares for his own Opinion, that he made no fuch reckoning of a
(h)nHmrm feventh-day-Sabbath, (h) as to inthral the Church to a neceffity of
sepcn-irim conformin" to it : Andfecondly, that he efteemed no otherwife of the
ItuliEc"' Lords-day-'Sabbath, then of an Ecclefiaftical Conftitucion, {c) appoin-
cit^is ajinn- te^jby oar Anceftorsin the place of thejewilli Sabbath 5 and therefore
^(T)'^mt alterable from one day to another at the Churches pleafure : Followed
ttres in mum x\iQ^ein by all the Churches of his party, who thereupon permit all law-
^rogSmt!'^' ful Recreations, and many works of neccffary labour on the day it felf,
provided that the people be not thereby hindred from giving their at-
tendance in the Church at the times appointed. Infomuch, that in
GenevA it felf all manlike exercifes, as running,vaulting,leaping, flioot-
m^ and m.any others of that nature, are as indifferently indulged on
the Lords day, as on any other. How far the Engliili Puritans depar-
ted from their Mother-Church, both in Dodrine and Pradice (with
reference to this particular) we fliall fee hereafter, when they could
finde no other way to advance i'/'f^^j/fr)', and to decry the Reputation
of the ancient Feftivals, then by ereding their new Sabbath in the
hearts of the people.
De transfe- 50. It is reported by ^ohn Barkley^in his book called Parenefis adScotos^
undnfoien'^ ^j^^j. (j^i^/^ qucc held a Confukation at Gene'uajoic transferring theLords
IkTjf^- day from Sunday to Thurfday. Which though perhaps it may be true
am quintion (confiderint^ the inclination of the man to new devices j) yet I conceive,
Lib.i.c.ulc. ^^^^ ^^ ^^5 oreater projeds in his Head, and could finde other ways to
advance his Difcipline, then by falling upon any fuch ridiculous and o-
dious Counfel. He had many Irons in the fire, but took more care in
hammerin<^ hisDifciple then all the reft-, Firftby entitling it to fome
exprefs Warrant from the holy Scripture, and afterv/ards by coramen-
aifi^ffS- ding it to all the Churches of the Reformation. In reference to the firft,
defim, nift he fets US know in his Epiftle 10 Far elks, Sepemb. \6. 1543. {a) that
Z'ZSiuc. the Church could not otherwife fubfift, then under fuch a Form of Go-
mm^quait vernnaent, as is frejcribedintheWerd, and obferved in old times by the
exverboDsi (^hurch. And in relation to the other, he was refolved to make his
ZmeP&Tnhed ufc of that Authority, which hy his Commentaries on theScrip-
vetiriE'-de' jQ^gs, his Book oi Infiitutions, and fome occafional Dicourfes againft
SSL^EpTft. the Papifts, he had acquired in all the Proteflant and reformed Chur-
<if/FareU. ches. Infomuch that Gaffer Liger us, a Divine of m«f^f/'_g'<;, by his Let-
ters bearing date Pf^- 27. 15 H'^^knowledgeth the great benefit which
mSmmt he had received by his Writings, acquaints him with the peaceable e-
fudnos adhiic j^jjjg Qf the Church o{ Saxonic 5 but fignifies withall, (^) that Excom-
"""'" 'J^'- mmkation
Lib. i. Ci^c l^iftojt of ti^e ^jejib^terianjj, % 5
wmication was not ufed amongft them : whereunto Cah'm mikes this
Anfwer, That he was glad to hear that the Church ofS/ixony continued
in that condition ; but forty (f ) that it was not fo ftrenghned by the
Nerves of Difcipline, as might prefer ve the fame inviolated to the ^^;:'f|!f^ ?""/'"
times to come. He adds, that there could be nobetter wayof corre^ tfiv'/c'i- "
diing vice, then by the joynt confent of all the Paftors of one City ; fj"'-^ "^rvos,
{d) and that he never thought it meet, that the power of Excommuni- &"." "'" ^^'
eating fliould refide in the Poftors onely, ( that is to (ay, not in con- (^)^">"i''^»i
jundion with their £/iw-,) which laft he builds on thefe three Reafons. "l^VxcmL-
Firft, in regard it is an odious and ungrateful Officcj next,becaufe fuch ""i^ndi fer-
a. fole and abfolute power might eafily degenerate into tyranny 5 and pl^orljufj'i'^
finally, bccaufe the Apoftles had taught otherwife in it. By which we *">' e^ w »-
fee, that as he builds his Difcipline on the Word of God, oratthej£/£
leaft on Apoftolical tradition, which comes clofe unto it -, fo he adven- ^pofou'tr^
tureth to commend it to the Lutheran Churches, in which his Reputati- '''''"""^•
on was not half fo great, as amongft thofe AVhich had embraced the
ZuingliAn Dodrines.
5 ;. But in the ZiiingltAn Churches he was grown more abfolute^ his
Writings being fo highly valued, and hisperfonfoefteemedof in re-
gard of his Writings, that moft of the Divines thereof depended wholly
upon his judgment, and were willing to fubmit to any thing of his
Prefcription. The Church of Stroihourgh^ where he had remained in
the time of his exile, received his Difcipline with the firft, asfoonas
it was finally cftabliflied in Geneva it felf. For it appeareth by the h^t-
terwhichCafper O&tnams (em to Cahm^ bearing date y^/'r/Y 12. 1560.
{a) that the Elderfhip was then well fettled in that Church, and the El- ''^/pn-mVI
ders of it in a full pofTelfion of their power, the exercife whereof they '/ commons-
are defired to fuipend in one particular, which is there offered to \\is^"J'J;"ll,f{,
view. This Gaffer was chief Minifter of the Church of Tryers^ fo paf- «fw/.&c. <•»-
fionately affeded to the name oicdvin^ that he accounted it for onejaf ^^'J^l/'^^^'^^*-
hisgreateft honours to be (^) called a Cd/t^^'w^wPreacher. Acquaint- w,^/// J.'
ing him with the condition of the Church of Trj^r^jhe tells him amongft f^f"'"'"'^'^*
other things, that he found the people very willing to fubmit to Difci- cimmTe cd'
pline 5 and thereupon intreats him for a Copy of thofe Laws and Or- '"''^''"'<i,&e.
ders {c) which were obferved in the Confiftory of Geneva, to the end he rcja^f ^ cm^.
might communicate them to fuch of the Senators as he knew to be ze- ftm'i ve^n of-
loufly affeded. Calvin^ who was apt enough to hearken to his own ZT trll].'^
defires, fends him a large draught of the whole Platform, as well rela- mitti,&c.
ting to the choice of the Members, either Lay or Minifters, as to the
power and jurididion which they were to exercife, with all the penal-
ties and particularities ( with reference unto crimes and perfons) which
depended on it. And having given him that account, he thus clofeth
with him : This fummary ( faith he ) / had thowrht fufficient, hy which,
or out ef which (d) you may eaftly frame to your felf fuch a form of Govern- CdjExquofor-
tnent^ as I have no reafon to f refer ibe. To you it affer tains modeflly tofuggefi mamaiiiHm
thofe counfels, which you conceive to he mojt profitable for the ufe of the church- ""ammfm-
that godly and difcreet men, who feldomtakeitilltobervelladvifed, may there- btriimdt-
upon confider what is bejl to he done. Which words of his, though very *""'
caureloufly couched, were fo well underftood by oberianus, that the Di-
fcipline was firft admitted in that Church, and afterwards propagated
E " into
j^ Ci^el^ifto?¥Oft]^ei&>e0b|temn0, • Lib. i.
into thofe of the Neighbouring Provinces.
32. He hath another way of fcrewing himfelf into the good opini-
on of fuch Kings and Princes as he conceived to be inclinable to the
Reformation j fometimes congratulating with them for their good
fucceCs i fometimes encouraging them to proceed in fo good a work 5
pf which fort were his Letters to Kipg^<afjvW the Sixth, to Queen
Elij?,aheth^ and Mr. Secretary <:?«/ •, to the Prince Eledor PaUtim^
Di^ke of WirtinbHrgh^ Lantgrave of Heffe, But he beftirred himXclf in
noplace more then he d\6.\^ PoUnd; which though he never vifitcd
inperfon, yet. he was frequent in it by his Lines and Agents. The
Augufiam Confeflion had been brought thither fome years before j of
which he took but little notice. But he had heard no fooner that the
Dodrines of Zuwglms began to get fome ground upon them, under the
Reign oiSigifmmd, {ummtdAugufius-y when prefently he pofts his Let-
ters to the King, and moft of the great Oncers which were thought to
encline that way. Amongft which, he diretSs his Letters to Prince
Kadz.evilky one of the Chief Palatines^ and Earl Marilial ; SfirtetnsCA'.
fidanoi Siinder?:,ce^ and Lord high-Treafurcr •, to ^ohn Count oiTar-
mcoy Cafielm o^Craco^ and Lord General of his Maje/ties Armies: be-
fides many other CufteluKS-, and perfons of great power in the Affairs of
that Kint^dom. In his firfl Letters to that King, dated the fourth of
December 1554, he feems to cojigratulate with him for imbracing the
Reformed Religion, (though in that point he was fomewhat out in his
intelligence^ ) and thereupon exhorts him to be earneft in the propa-
gating of the Faith and Gofpel, which in himfelf he had impreft • and
that he would proceed to reform the Church from the dregs of Pope-
ry, without regard to any of thofe dangers and inconveniences which
might follow on it. But in his next addrefs (1555) he comes up more
clofe, fpeaks (4) of evening a Tribunal or Throne to Chrtft •, fetting up fuch
Caj^Mfzj^- ^ pgpfg^ Form of the true Religion, as came neereit to the Ordinance
)mcerii Ri!'- of Chrift. And we know well, that in the meaning of his Party, the
gio,per qum fettling o{ Presbytery was affirmed to be nothing elfe then fetting Ckrifl
S£ui upon his Throne, holding the Sceptre of theHoly Difciplinein own
erigitHr. right-hand. And fomewhat to this purpofe he had alfo written to the
Count of Tarnaco, whom in his firft Letter he applauds for his great rea-
dinefs to receive the Gofpel : But in his fecond, bearing date the nine-
teenth of November 1558, he I'eems no lefs grieved that the Count demur-
red on fomething which he had recommended to him, under pretence
that (b) it was not fafe to alter any thing in the State of the Kingdom,
(h) ii !l~it!t and that all innovations feemed to threaten fome great danger to it j
Kcgniniimo- which cauteloufnefs In that great perfun could not relate to any alte-
Zi'lfvitt ration in the State of Religion, in which an alteration had been made
graves motiu for fomc years before 5 and therefore muft refer to fome Form of Di-
^■mmm. f^ipline which Calvin had commended to him for the ufe of thofe Chur-
ches. And no man can conceive that he would recommend unto them
any other Form then that which he devifed for the Church of Geneva.
32. But Calvin did not deal by Lcttes onely in the prefent bufinefs,
but had his Agents in that Kingdom, who bufilyimployed therafelves
to advance his projeds. Amongft whom none more pradical, or.
pragmatical rather, then ^ohaAlafco^ of a Noble Family in that Coun-
Lib. I. €;ije ^iftojf of t^e i^je^b^tetisn^. i j
try, but aprofeffed CalviniM, both for Do(flrincand Difcipline 3 :^dr
the promoting whereof, when hchadfetled himfelfand his Church in
London^ Anno 1 5 5 o, he publifheth a Pamphlet in defence of Tutiug at the
Holy Sacrament, incouraged thofe who had refufed conformity to, th'e
Cap and Surplice^ and eagerly folicited il/. 5//«r (amdrtof greatparc§,
but of more moderation ) to (hew himfelf on their behalf. Driven out
of En^lunJ, he betakes himfelf to the Dukedom o( Saxony^ where he
behaved himfelf with fuch indifcretion, that he was fain to quit thofe
parts and retire to P^AiW, in which the greatnefs of his kindred was his
beft protedion. There he fets up again for Calvin. By the Activity
of this man, the diligence o( Utenhrmf, and the compliance of foiue
great perfons upon Politick ends ; the Elderfhipis advanced in many
places of that Kingdom, as appedrs by the Letters of the faid Utenhorias^,
bearing date ^an. 27. 1 5 ^9. In which he fignifies unto him, that the
moft illuftrious Prince, the Palaime oi Filnun^ Lithuank^ being come
to the AfTembly of the States which was held at Fetrico-, refolved no^t to
depart from thence before feme Convention of the Brethren fhould be
held there alfc, to which {a) as well the Elders which his Highnefs (^J',?''^^
brought thither with him, as thofe that he found there at his coming, «/om,<7Cff»-
Ihould confult together for the eftablifhing of a greater purity in Kites'^'^^'r '^"^"'^
and Ceremonies to be uled amonglt them. For with admimon of the addHxitjkc.
Difcipline into Ltthan/a, Calvin exprclTeth no fmalljoy in his Letters to
anamelcfs Friend in that Country, bearing date oifol/. q, 1561. In
which he lets himknow how much he did congratulate the happinefs of
the Realm o{ Poland,zx\d. more particularly of the Province o{ Lithuania^
that the Reformed Religion made fo great a progrefs in thofe Coun-
tries, by which addition Chrifls Kingdom had been much enlarged 5
that his joy was very much increafed, (^) by hearing that together with <^; cum audio
the fame Religion they received the Difcipline-, that it was not without ^'I<^'P''^fii*
very good caufe, that he ufed to call the Difcipline the Nerves ef the pofeifwne
churchy in regard of the great ftrength which it added to if. By ""j*''^'-
which laft words we may perceive what kind of Church-Government it
was which he commended to Ligerm before rcmembred, under this ve-
ry title of the Nerves ef Difciflinei by which Religion was to be prefer-
ved inviolable for the times to come.
33. In the Aflembly at Pefnco, before remembred, the Palatines^ and'
other great men of the Kingdom, obtained a Privilcdge, {c) whereby it fc)ytminn-
was made lawful for them to reform all the Churches under their com- 'biUtati libim.
mand,& to reform them in fuch manner as to thenl feemed beft. It was ^^j'^.^'^p^^"^
then alfo moved by the Count of 7drnaco^ that the Bifhops rtiouldnoVvyZjw/^-
longer hold their place or fuffrage in the Aflembly of Eftates, but keep '^"'^'':^ J""-
themfelvesonly to fuch matters as concerned the Church: which though utcnh.Caiv'.
it did not take effed, yet the attempt appeared fo dreadful in the eye of J^"- 27.1 559-
thofe Prelates then prefenr, that they became more tradable and obfe-'
quioHStogreat State- Officers, then they had been formerly. And what
could follow hereupon,but that the great men being left to pleafe them-
selves in their own Religion, and the Bilhopsnot daring tooppofe 5 not
onely Zuingiiamfnt and the Difcipline, but many other Seds and Innova- .
tions &ould get ground upon them -fin reference to the Difcipline, as it
was fitted and accommodated to whole Realms and Nations, they had
E 2 not
2 8 C]^e l^ifto^^ of t]^e ^ jejslJttenanji, Lib. t
notonely their PreJ>ytenes^a.s in Cef3eva.,Strasl>ourg,znd.{omeotkst Cities^
but their Ghfjicd and Spodical Meetings, as in France and Scotland ;
whereinthey took upon them to make Laws and Ordinances for the
dirciftin^ of their Churches after Calvins Model. For in the Synod held
at 7js^/?g-er, in the year 1564, it was Decreed that they fliould ufeno
other Mufick in their Churches , then the finging of Pfalms (after the
manner of Gf»^^'4, underftand it fo) condemning that which was then
ufed intheChurchof-K<'»?f3 partly becaufe the Pfalms and Hymns were
fung in the Latine Tongue, and partly becaufe the Priefls did bellow in
them C as they pleafed to phrafe it ) like the Priefts of Baal. Concerning
which we are to know, that the device of turning Dai'ids Pfalms into
Rhyme and Meter was firft taken up by clement Manot, one of the
Grooms of the Bed-chamber to King Francis thefirfl:-, who being much
addi(5led to Poetry, and having fome acquaintance with thofe which
were thought to wifli well to the Reformation, was perfwaded by the
learned Vatahlns (Profeflor of the Hebrew Tongue iu the Univerfity of
p4yrV)to excrcife his Poetical Phancy in tranflating fome of J)4'yi^/
Pfalnas. For whofe fatisfa(5lion and his own he tranflated the firft fifty
of them into Callick Meters-, and after flying to Geneva^ grew acquaint-
ed with Bcz,a^vf\\o in fome trad of time tranflated the other hundred al-
fo, and caufed them to be fitted unto feveral Tunes. Which thereupon
began to be fung in private Houfes, and by degrees to be taken up in all
the Churches of the French and other Nations which followed the Ge-
nevian Platform. For firft, in imitation of this Work o^M^rrots^ Stem-
hdd^ a Groom of the Privy-Chamber toKing Edivardt\\Q Sixth, tranflat-
ed thirty feven of them into Englilh Meter, Anno 1552, t'le reft made
up by ^ohn Hopkins and fonie others, in the time of Queen Ma;y •, but
moft efpecially by fuch as had retired unto Geneva in thofe very tim es.
Followed therein by (ome Dutch Zealots, who having modelled their
Reformation by the Rules o( Calvin, were willing to imbracethis No-
velty amongft the reft. So as in little trad of time, the finging of thefe
Pfalms in Meter becanve a moft efpecial part of their publick Worfhip^
and was eftemed as neceflary to the Service of God, as were the ads^f
Prayer and Preaching, and whatfoeverelfe was efteemed moft Sacred.
In the next place, to take away all difference in Apparel, whether Sa-
cred or Civil, and all diftindion in thethoice of Meats and Drinks^ he
(h)stuitum & accounted it {i>) a ridiculours and ungodly thing for thofe which are the
w/rp/ Heirs of all things, (with dominion over all the Creatures) to fuffer
mini & omni- thcmfclves to be reftraiucd by any fuperftitious ufe of Meats, Drinks, or
1",! "&c"c^ Veftments. The Temples built unto their hands they were contented to
l/'e'^j#f;(. ^'^* make ufe of for their publick Meetings, being firft purged of Idols, Al-
tars, the Bellowingsbef0rementioned,and other the like dregs of Popery^
though formerly they had been abufed (who fees not a Calvinian fpirit
walking in all thefe linesOby the Priefts of Baal. They feem content alfo
to allow their Minifters Meat, Drink and Wages 5 condemning thofe
which grutch them fuch a forry Pittance, But as for Tithes, and Glebes,
and Parfonage-Houfes,theykept them wholly to themfelves, that being
the.Fifti they angled for in thofe troubled waters, and the chief bait thaif
tempted them to fwallow down thofe alterations in.religion,which after-
wards made them, a reproach and a by-word to the reft of Chriftendom.
34* r
Lib. I. Clje l^ifto?^ of ttie mt^hi^tzmn^.
ap
34. Ihavefome rcafont^s believe,that fitting at the Lords Table
came firft in with Cahmffn, as being moft a|rteable to the Rules of the
Difcipline and the Dodrine of the Zumglian Chnrck'Biit afterwards^up-
on confideration of the fcandal which was given thereby, as well to'the
ia?^er rf/?j as the Papifts •, {a) it was thought fit to change that pofture ''''>'^f/^'*''^"
into {landing or kneeling., and then to charge the introduction of that J/to"™
fawcy cuftom on the JnaiK Hereticks, who looking on Chrift no other- ^/W««4
wife then their Elder Brother, thought it no robbery at all to be equal f"-'^^^'"".'""''
with him, {h) and fit down with him at his Table. And it was well for num. 4!"'^'''
them, though it happened very ill for the peace of Chriftendom tha*- ^^-^ '^"'^■"•mii-
they could finde fo fair a Plafter for fo foul a Soar. For fo it was, that '^m£^,
both the Herefies of Aniui^tht impieties oi Servettis^the extravagancies ^'"•' ^''^^ ^^^^
of the Amhaptifts, and the exploded errors oE the Samofatemam, \Yho pripu!'^'"'
from the leafi: reviver of them are now called Socimans^ crrevv up toae- ^ynod.' wia-
ther in this Kingdom with the Dodirincof C^/w;?, andmi<?ht recefve *"''-^""^-^-
feme good encouragement from the Riilesof his Difcipline° by which
that flovenly gefture or pofture of fitting was impofed as necefTary.
Nor was the Difcipline of force fufficient to reprefs thofe Herefies '
though Cahin thought it fuch a great prefervative of the true Relif^i-
on, and that it was confirmed at the Synod of Sendomur 1570, (cWs (c) sicundum
grounded on the Word of God, and warranted both by Chrifts com- .!5L^^5;,
mand, and the example of his Apofiles; which gives the Freshyteria^ tumje/l ''^'
Difcipline more Divine Inftitution, then Calvm durfl afcribe unto it or ^''^'^^'' '^
any of our Sabbatarians could ever find for their Lords-day-Sabbath. ?5£L:
Some difference there was in the choice of their Elders, between thefe ^""^' '''
Folijh Churches, and the reft of that Platform •, the Government of
the reft being merely popular ♦, but thefe retaining fomcwhat in them
of an Ariftocracy. For befides the feveral Fresbyterks of particular
Churches, they have a more general fuperintendencie in every Diocefs
or any other large Diftrid, of what name fo ever. For manacling
whereof fome of the principal Minifters are chofen by confent of then-
Synods, whom they call by the RVimeof Spiritual Superhtemettts, each
of them being aflbciated with two or three Elders of the Lay-Nobility5
andforthemoft part oftheranck and degree of Knights. By m^-ans
whereof, they keep the ordinary Presbyteries and Parochial Seflions
within the bounds appointed for them, nor fuffering them to intrench
upon the priviledges of Prince or People, as they have done in other
places, where they want this curb.
35. Leaving the Folijh Churches under this eftablifhment, we muft
follow Calvininto Scotland^ where he imployed ^ohn Knox as his Vicar-
General. He knew the fpirit of the man by his Fa(5tious Writinc^s, his
adings in the Schifm at /"r^w^/or/, and thelong converfationwhtchhe
had with him in GenevAitie\i-^ and having given him a Coramifllon
to return to Scotland^ inftrufted and incouraged him in his followincr
courfes. And Knox applyed himfelf fo well to his Inftrudions, that
prefently on his return he inflamed the people to the defacincr of Ima-
ges, the deftroying of Altars, demolifliing of MonafteriesandRelicri- 1'^^^^'''''^'''-'
ous Houfes, and making havockof all things which formerly were ac- 'ZnUat
counted Sacred. Tliis Cdvin calls (4) the propagation of the Gofpel, '''f^ p'^-s'-f/-
and by his Letters doth congratulate with him for Iiis good fuccefs : i£urut'
So f^'' f/^ Utori
3°
^tje "^ifton of tt>c f^ie^bttcn'attjs.
Lib. I.
So thatif r/r/Z/sRule be true, a
nd
that there be little or no difference
between the adviiing of mifchief, and the rejoycing at it vVhen the
deed is done 5 ■ (^) Calviit muft be as guilty of thole fpoils and Sacrile-
ges, as even Kmx himfelf. And that he might proceed as he had be-
ve!mfim,a>ignn, he lays this Rule before himfor his future carriage •, that is to
gaadeamfl- (g^y_^ that the Church was to be cleared from all filth which had iffued
?Vj mT* out' of errour and fuperftition •, {c) and the Myfteries of God were
(c)Ft 'ic'cMii not to be defiled with idle and impertinent mixtures. Under which
and fuch a general Rule as hath no exceptions, there
{h)Nih!l ints-
rtft otiiim
lordilitu piir-
getHr, qn£
ex error: cs^
[uftrjlitiene
manarunt, i^
ne fvedentur
Dii Myfliri^i
luiicris &•
jtifipidn mix-
turn. Calv.
Knoxo, April
general Rule, and fuch a general Kule as nath no exceptions,
was no Ceremony ufed in the Church of RomC:, though Primitive and
Apoftolical in it felf, which was not prefently to be difcharged as i/ia.
pure or idle, orotherwife abhominated, as fome part of the filth of Po-
pery. And becaufe all things muft be done to the honour of O/w;?,
he is confulted in all fuch doubts and emergent difficulties, as could
not be fufficiently determined by a lefs Authority. It is reported in
the Hiftory writ by Venerable Bede^ that when Augufltfie the Monk was
fent into England by Pope Gregorj to convert the Saxons^ he met with
many difficult and intricate cales, which he was not able to refolve.
In which refped he fent them allin writing to the Pope himfelf, re-
quiring his judgment in the fame, that he might have the better ground
to proceed upcn^ either in ordering of fuch matters which concerned
the Church, or determining finally fuch calcs as were brought before
him. Kmx looks on Calvin with as great a Reverence, asAngupne
did upon the Pope •, accounts him for the Supreme Paftor of the Refor-
mation, and therefore fends his doubts unto him concerning the bapti-
zing of Baftards, as alfo of the Children of Idolaters, and'Excommu-
nicate perfons. He makes another ^^re alfo, but fuch asfeemed to
be rather a Matter of Concupifcence, then a cafeof Confcience ^ whe-
ther the Monks and Pariih-Priefts which remained in Scotland, were to
receive their Tythes and Rents as in former times, confidering that they
didnofervicein theChurchof Chrift. To which laft Ojare he re-
turned fuch anfwer ( for in the other he was Orthodox and found e-
nouf^h) as ferved to ftrip the Monks and Priefts of all their livelyhood;
it being clearly his opinion, {a) that they oughf nor to be fed and
cloathed at the publick charge, in regard they lived in idlenefs, and did
nothin^^ for it •, but that they rather were to get their livings by the
fweat of their brows, and by the labour of their hands. According to
(i) Monichis
& Sicrificu'
Hi victim
ex publico non
debere certum
(ft, lit in otto
inutilti de-
giint,&-c.—
SfdpotiiiS ut
jhflo libon
fibi vifl:im
qutruni. Calv. fhe Churches,
Knoxo, No-
vemb.8.i5$9-
which refolution no man is fureof hisEftate, butmay be ftript of it
as an idle boy, or an unprofitable fervant, when the Brethren pleafe.
36 But Calvins thoughts were not confined to Poland or to Scotland
onely : He now pretends to a more general or Apoftolical care over all
' '" the Decrefals of (ome
fending abroad his Miffives like
former Popes.'-, which being made in reference to thofe emergent dif-
ficulties which were brought before them, ferved afterwards fora ftand-
ing Rule to regulate the like cafes for the times to come. It would be
thought a matter of impertinency,or curiofity at the beft,to touch upon
all particulars of this nature, in which he fignified his good pleafure to
the reft of the Churches. The Reader may fatisfie himfelf out of his
Epiftles, if he hath any lift or leifureto confult the fame; or otherwife
may make a judgement of then by this fmall fcantling, as the wife Ma-
thematician
ra ti-
Lib. I. Cl)e M^m of tl^c |0?e0ttter($n?i. 3 1
thematician took thejuft meafureof thebodyof Hcrcuks^ bytheim-
prefllon which he made in the fand by one of his Feet, And therefore
I (hall look no further then upon fuch ipecialities as have relation to the
poftrine, Difcipline, or Forms of Worlhip, which are moil proper to
-the reft. Some of the Brethren not; fully letled in a Church, had laid
alide the finging of Pfalms, either for fear of being difcovered, or
othervvife terrified and difcouraged by the threats of the adverfary. For
this he reprehends them in a tedeoas Lctter,dated ^ul-j i9.i$^9.{i>) im- (hj V4u
putesit to their fearfulncfs or pufiUanimity, accufeth them of plain ter- ""^'^'^^ ^t-.-
■giverfation, and ftiutting up all paflages againft the entrance of the SS^
Graces of Almighty God. The Brethren o^Mom PelyArd{(ox: I think*:h€ conliringh,
former lived in Mettz,.,xht cheifCityof i,(>rm«) were required by the J^J^/tl/J-f."
Guardians of their Prince (that is to (^.y^the Palatine o( Zuihook, and the ramini, <^
Duke of ?^/Wf»^<rrg-e) to hold conformity in fome Ceremonies with the '^'■'^/^^f
Lutheran Church,as namely in the Form of their Catechifing, the man- ST "^ 'tf'*^-'.*-*
ner of Adminiftringthe Holy Sacrament, the Form of publick Prayers,
and Solemnizing of Marriages. Theywere required alfo to imploy them-
felves in Preaching down the errours and corruptions of the Church of
Home^xxi fomefmallScigniories which were lately fallen unto their Prince,
and had not formerly been inftruded in the Dodrine of the Proteftant
Churches. But abfolutely they refufed the one, and would do nothing
in the other without Cdvins leave ; to whofe infallible judgement and
determination they refer the points : whercunto he returns fuch anfwer
by his Letters, bearing date Sepemher 25. 1 5 62 , as confirmed them in
their firft refufal-, excepting more particularly againft fufferin^ Mid-
wives to Baptize, and againft praying for the Joyful Refurreftion of a
man deceafed, at the time of his Burial. But in the other he advifcth
them to accept the charge 5 as vifibly conducing to the propa<?ation of
the true Religion, and the inlarging of Chrifts Kingdorra.
37. SofortheDifciplinewhichfeemed to be d^vifed at firft upon hu-
mane prudence, accommodated to the prefent condition of Geneva, one-
ly •, the ufe of Excommunication had been difcontinued in the Prote-
ftant Churches, and no fuch creatures or Lay-Elders heard of in the
Primitive times, or glanced at in the holy Scriptures. So that to truft
them with the power of the Church-cenfures, could not pretend to a- (^mcmtu
ny ground in the Word of God, fuppofing that the ufe of Excommu- tu doctos^;-'
nication was to be every where received. Calvin himfelf confeffes in^'// '^'^J,'""-
his Letters unto thofe ofZimek, {a) that in the judgment of moft Lear- ]nm'^ihM
ned and Religious men, there was no need of Excommunication under ^'""fi'!\'"^
Chriftian Princes. Beza acknowledgeth the like in the Life of Cahi/t-, T[fenLflrU
and what Ligerm faith for the Church of Saxenie^ hath been fliewed f-xcpmmuni-
already. But by degrees it came to be intituled to Divine Authority •, "^'**
at firft commended as convenient, and at laft as neceflary. With the
opinion of the Sacred and Divine Authority of the holy Difcipline, he
bad fofar pofTelTed Saligniar^z man of Eminent power in the City o£ Pa-
ris, and one that for thirty years before, had declared himfelf in fa- 'i^J,frT/eiLb'
vour of the Reformation, that he acknowledgeth it in the end to be clrijiknl ""'
Jfofidical : For in his Letter written unto Calvin on the Ides of Decern- '^'^"^f^^ "*
her, he lets him know how vehemently hediddefire, that (^) they pl^Tikam'^'
might have fuch a Form of Ecclefiaftical Pchty, ix% Cahin feemed to ># 'f^'-
" 11 mm.
breath,
^ J Ci^e K^tftoj^ of ti^e ^lesilJttenansJ. Lib. i.
breath, and could not be denyed to be Apoftolical. From hence it
was that he declared fo politively in his Epiftle to Popfim^ Fehruarj
, TT ir •><: t<:'nO, that the (0 Masiftrates were to be follicited for the Exer-
(c)Vt pMica. z^.ijjyi ,'_ D 11.1 A L- i-iT. .1
Authoritate, cife of bxcommunication by pubhck Authority-, which if it could
Excommitni- ^ Up obtained, the Minifters were to make this proteflation, that
ciifnvigm. they durft not give the Sacrament to unworthy receivers, for fear of
cominf^ und^r the cenfure of cafting that which was holy before Dogs
and Swine. More fully in his anfwer to fome queftions about the Di-
fcipline •, in which we finde ( and that goes very high indeed ) {d) that
^ad^%Ln- the fafety of the Church cannot otherwife be provided for, then by the
dim,%Lc. — free ufe of Excommunication, for the purifying of the fame from filth,"
i:igeat Bx-^^^^ the reftraint of licentioufnefs, abolilhing enormous crimes, and the
&" ' ' corredling of ill manners -, the moderate exerciie whereof he that will
not fuffer, doth plainly fliew himfelf to be no flieep of our Saviours Pa-
'^^^sa^ o fture.
2S. And fo far Cahin had proceeded, but he went no further -, nei-
ther condemning the Eftace of Biftiops as Antichriftian and unlawful,
nor thinking his Lay-elders fo extreamly neceflary, that no DecreeoF
fz)?rmifio Excommunication could be paft without them. But Bez^, {a) who
Sub V.Jo. fuccecded in the Chair of Cahm., isrefolvedonboth : For Calvin hz-
cdvint Ml- ^.^^ ^^j.g eic'ht and twenty years in the Chair oi Geneva., ended his life
"cf)MUbms in the year 15 64. During which rime he had attained to luch an height
fucctfmm. qP Reputation, that even the Churches of the Srvitzers loft the name of
Bez. tjift. 2.uingiiAns., and thought it no fmall honour to them, as well as thofe of
German'j.i France., Pole., or Scotland, to be called Caviman. Onely the
Eni^lifti held it out, and neither had imbraced his Dodlrines, nor recei-
ved his Difcipline. And though the Puritan party in it took the name of
Cahinifis ( our Divines commonly called Calvinijls, fay the two Informers )
yet both i:4r^a'M ftomached it to befo accounted, Mountaguelw anfwer to
the two Informers doth proteft againft it, and all the truefons of the
Church of j5//f/<i«^doasmuch difclaim it. £f;r.<i endeavoured what
he could to introduce his Difcipline and Forms of Worfliipintoall the
Churches which did pretend to any Reformation of their ancient Er-
rours. In the purfuit whereof he drives on fo furioufly, Wkt ^ehu'm
the holy Scriptures, as if na Kings or Princes were to ftand before
him. Scarce was he fecled in his Chair, when one of his profeffed
Champions for Presbytery puts himfelf into i/f/«ftf/i'fr^, which had not
long after admitted the Calvinian Dodrines, but not fubmittedtothe
Difcipline, as extrinfecal to them. This Champion therefore chal-
lenges the Divines thereof to a Difputation, publickly holds forth this
propofition, which he then defended 5 that is to fay, ThattoaMinifler
■with his Elders there is fower given hj exprefs warrant from Gods Word., to
Excommunicate all offenders^ even the greatefi Prince. From hence proceed-
ed that difpute which afterwards Eraflu-s ( of whom more hereafter )
maintained with Beza •, the point being put upon this iflfue , Whether
all Chifrches ou^ht to have their Elderfbip invejled with a forver of Excommuni-
cation-^ and that Lay elders ivere fgnece(Jary in every EUerPip, that nothing
could k done without them. In which difpute ( as it is very well obferved
by judicious Hooker) they feemed to divide the whole truth between
thera •, Beza moft truely holding the neceflity of Excommunication in a
Church
Lib. I. €;ijc l$imv of tl^e i^^e^btteriangi. 33
Church well conftituted -, Brafiia no lefs truly fliewiug that there waS
no neceflilty of Lay-elders to the Minifters of it. .
40. But his main bufinefs was to fettle the Calvinim Forms in the
Realms oiBritain-^ in which he aimed at the acquiring of as great a name
as Cdvin had obtained in France or Poland. Knox had already fo prevailed
amongft the Scots., that though they once fubfcribed to the Rites and Ce-
remonies of the Church olEngUni., yet he had brought them to admit
fachaForm of Worfhip, as came more neertothe Example QiGmev^,
And he had brought the Difcipline to fo good a forwardhefs^ that Bcz.a
was rather wantt.ig to confirm then to introduce it, as fliall appear at
large when w^ come t;)5f(?//.i/?i. But Knox had many opportunities to
effed his bufinefs, during tneabfence of their Q^een/theRegencie of.
Queen yJ/4r} of l-<>r/4/«, and chefenfcttlednefs of affairs in the State of
that Kingdom, which the Brethren could not finde in England:, where,
the Fabrkk of the State wasjoyned together with fuch Ligaments of
Power and Wifdom, tliat they were able toadb liitle, and effed much;
Icfs. Some oppofition they had made after their coming back from
Franfon and Gemva, their two chief R ;treats, againft the Veftments of
the Chuich, ani :hc dlftinction of Apparel becwtxc Priefts and Lay- men:
In which fomc of them did proceed with fo vain an obft:inaciej that fome,
of them were for a time fufpended, and othc;rs totally deprived of th-. ir
Cures and Benefices^ fome of them alfo had begun to take excepdon a-
gainft fome parts and Offices of the publick Liturgic-, refuiioe there-
upon to conform unto it ^ and thereupon likely to incur the very [?■ pie
penalties which' were inflided on^the other. In both thefe cafes they
confult the Oracle , refolving to adhere to his determination in thi m-
whatfoever it was. Firft therefore he applycs himfelf to Grind/ily then
Bifliop of London., and very zealoufly aC^ded to the name of Calvin: to
whom he fignifiesby his Letter of the .26 oi^nne 1 566, how much he
was afRided with the fad reports our o( France and Gernuny, hy which he
was advertifed that many Minifters in England , (4) being otherwife un- ^^t]^,X^" ''^^.'^
blameable both for Life and Do(5trine,had been cxaudoratcd ordtprived bCiluuipatl'
by the Queens Authority, (the Billiops giving their confent and appro- "^i'"!"^ ^""f .
bation)only for notfubfcribing to fome Rites and Ceremoniesj but more ^'Sl*w''
particularly,that divers of them were deprived,Tiotonely for refufin^ to "(^yji^circo
wear(6)thofe Veftments which were peculiar to Baals Priefts in theJi^'/zS'''
times of Popery,but for not conforming to fomeRites which had degene- ixa.i£ioratos,
rated into moft lliameful fuperftitions,fuch as theCrofs inBaptifm, kneel- Sj^*i vs-
ing at the Communion,and the like to thefe. That Baptifm was admit- i^n iUas sZu
ted fometimes by Midwives. (rr)That power was left unto the Queen ^0^-,^^^^//%.
ordain other Rites and Ceremonies,as (he faw occafion: and finallyjthat '■'-■-Imal'
the Bifliops were inverted with the fole authority for orderin<7 matters in ^'"''"^- . .
theChurch^C^jtheotherMinifters not advifedwith,or consulted in them. S$j/ni""
41. Such is die fubftance of his charge againft each particular point '^;<""'''or:<m
whereof he bends his forces, as if he had a minde to batter down the tcp's'lfgU
Bulworks of the Church of England., and lay it open to Geniva. I fliall ^^^jeftitefi'
not note how much he blames the Ancient Fathers for bringing in fo ^/d^h.^d folk
■many Ceremonies into ufe and pra(5Uce, which either had been borrow- £p!fcop^s de "*
cd from the ^ferpy, or derived from the Gentiles-, or how he magni.^eth "^Ecd''
the nakednefs and fimplicity of thofe Forein Churches which abomi- WLi 'm.
nate nothing more then fuch outward trappings. But the refukpf all is "" P'^^''^'^
. this Epift. «.
34 ^^K ^<ftoj¥ Of tl)e fa^0i)ttemni5. Lib. i.
(e) ^icquid this (e),that whatfoever Rite or Ceremony was either brought into the
"fepal-' Church from ths^em ot Gentiles, not warranted by the inftitution of
nisin^ftw' Chrift, or by any examples of the Apoftles ; as alfo all fignificant
^ii"^'TJ m Ceremonies, which by no right were at firft brought ibito the Church,
prxmchrip ouohtall at once to be prohibited and fupprefleJ, there being no hope
ifitutmm ji^^f j.^e Church would otherwife be reftored to her native Beauty. I
fopior'm Tx- onely note, that he compares the Crofs in Baptifm to the Brazen Ser-
emfhm,&:c. pent:, abufcd as much to Superftition and Idolatry 5 and therefore to
wmf ibid, be abrogated with as great a Zeal in a Church well ordered, as that I-
ma<^e was dcftroyed by King ticzekiah. He falls foul alPj on that man-
ner of fmging which was retained in the Queens Chapels, all the Ca-
thedrals, and fome Parilh-Churches of this Kingdom, becaule per-
Ca;c()orm;/f. j^gpj j^ ^^^ fet forth by Organs, andfuchMufical Inftruments(4) a§
'qSlTa made it fitter (in his judgment) to be u fed in Dancing, then in Sa-
^_.aame,& de cred aiSions 5 and tended more to pleafe the ears, then to raife the affe-
'^uliblfpoti- (ftions. Nor feems he better pleafed with that Authority which Was
usquamcem- enjoyed and exercifed by the Archbifhop of Canterbury^ in granting
movindii Mi- Licences for Pluralities, non-Refidence, contradin^ Marriaaes in the
daui.mA. Church, and eating Flefti on days prohibited^ with mrinyotaer things
of that nature, which he accounts not onely for fo many ftains and ble-
mirties in the Face of Chriftendom, {h) but for a manifefl defeftion e-
ven from Chrift himfelf -, in which rcfped they rather weretobe
SS^mT commended then condemned andcenfured, that open'iy oppofed them-
rupteuchri- felves agaiuft fuch corruptious. ;
SSi"' 42- Yetnotwithftanding thefe complaints he grants the Matters in
cS de- difpute, and the Rites prefcribed, to be things indiffofent, not any way
fcciio. Ibid, ijupious in themfelves, nor fuch as fliould neceffitate a ny man to forfakc*
his Flock, rather thenyeild obedience and conformity 'to them. But then
he adds, that if they do offend, whorather chufe to leave their Chur-
ches, then to conform themfelves to thofe Rites and Yeftments againft
their Confciences, (r) a greater guilt muft be contra<fted by thofe men
(c)Midto ma- before God and his Angels, who rather chufe to fi»oil thefe Flocks
pre reattt yf ^ble Paftors, then fuffer thofe Paftors to make choice of their own
'ZAmit Apparel -, or rather chufe to rob the people of the Food of their
wieri,qHi fouIs, then fnfferthemto receive it otherwife then upon their knees.
ftmbufn- But in his Letter of the next year he adventureth further,
vltil^lpo- and makes it his requeft unto all the Bifhops, that forne fit Medicine be
tiusfijiim- fQrthwirh applyed to the prefent mifchief, which did not onely give
ZmShoc^ great fcandal to the weak and ignorant, but even to many Learned and
fi:um iuo h^- Religious Pcrfous. And this he feems to charge upon them, as they will
«i«Sd. anCvver for the contrary at the Judgement-Seat of Almighty God , to
whom an account is to be given of the pooreft Sheep which ihould be
forced to wander upon this occafionfromthereft of the Flock. Between
the writing of which Letters, fome of their brethren had propounded
their doubts unto him, touching the calling of the Minifters, as it was
then, and ftill is ufed in the Church o{ EngUrtd-^ the wearing of the
Cap and Surplice,, and other Veftments of the Clergy which was then
required^ the Mufick and melodious finging in Cathedral Churchesj
the interrogatories propofed to Infants at the time of their Baptifm 5
the finning of them with the fign of the Ctofs ^ kneeling at the Corn-
muni^, adminiftring the fafflc in unjeavened Bread; though the laft
were
Lib. I. Cliefiftojf ofti^c^jegib^tman?{» 35
werelefc at liberty by the Rules of the Church, and ufei in fume few
placesonely. Of all whichhenot onely fignifieda plain diflike, but
endeavoured to ihew the errours and ablurdit ics contained in them ^ for
fach they muft contain, if he pleafed to think lb. And what could follow Ca)«^«f^«-
hereupon, but an open Schifm (4), a feparation from the Church^a reforc q'lm&fn-
to Conventicles; which he takes notice of in his laft to Grinid^ but im- l'"^-'' JcMJmx
putes it unto that feverity which was u fed by the Bifhops,in preffing 'SS/Tj*;
fuchayoak of Ceremonies upon tender Confciences. The breach not f^^'fi" J "os'
leflened, but made wider byanorher Letter direded to the Frer^ch and Tt%c.Bez.
Dutch Cliurches at London {by, in which he fets before them the whole Epift. 23.
Form of Worlliip which was eftablidied aiGenevi^ infiftethupon ^'^^'^J ^guntnilT'
points, neither agreeable tj the Difciplineor Doctrine of the Church -^»^/w' eccU-.
oi England-^ and finally, fo reft/ainsthe power of the Supreme Magi- •^'^'T ^'■'*'''"°
ftrate, that he is left to the corredion and control of his under Officers. ^' '^^'
Of which two Letters, that which was writ for fatisfadion of the En-
glifti brethren bears date Oi!?.^. 2 4. 15 57, the other ^me 21, in the year
next following.
43. With great Zeal he drives on in purfuit of the pifcipline , the
Form and Power whereof we will firft lay down out of his Epiftles,arid
then obfetve to what a height he doth endeavisurto advance the fame 5
excluding the Epifcopal Government, as Antichriftian, if not Diabo-
lical. FirfUhen he tells us, that to each Minifter which officiates in the .>, ^^ ,.
Country-Villages within the Signiory of Gen€Vit^{c)x.\vo Ovtr-(ecrs paj!^ adj'Jiii
areelcdei as Affiflants to him 5 and that to them it appertains to keep ^''f '^*« '«-
a watchful eye over all men in their feveral Parifhes, to convent fuch be- inampT-''
fore thera, as they finde blame- worthy, to admonijh them of their mif- hre omms
deeds 5 and finally, if he cannot otherwife prevail upon them, to turn J'^X^J^f/^pi'j^;
them over to the cenfure of the Elderfhip which refidesin the City.This ■^-o.
Elderlhip he compounds of the fix ordinary Paftors, and twelve Lay-
elders^the laft continually chofen from amongft the Senators, To whofe
charge and office it belongs to take notice of all fcandals and offences
of what fort foever within the bounds affigned unto them, and every
Thurfday to report to the Court or Confiftory what they have difcove-
red. The parties thereupon are to be eonvented, fairly admonifliedof
their faults, fometimes fufpended from the Sacrament, jf the cafe re-
quire it, and excommunicated at the laft, if they prove imp'efiitent. To
this" Elderfhip alfo it belongs, to judge in all cafes and concermtients of
Matrimony, according to the Word of God, and the Laws of the City;
to repel fuch from the CommuniQn as do not'fatisfie the Minlfters by
a full confeffionof their Faith an(f%i>owledge. . And in 't^e company (p,^"^^^f .
of an OMicer of each feveral Wai-d, to make a' (^iligent inquiry' ( over /i^jri^^s"^^^^^
them ) in every Family, {a) concerning their prb^ficiencie in the Word ^- ^4-
of God, andtheways ofGodlinefs. , , ! ' ■ -
44. We muft next fee to what a height fj^ -cjoth endeaVotrr 'to ad- , ,- , .,'.
vancethis Difcipline, which (if we takeit'on^his word) is hot to be ,, '.^ ^^
received onely as a matter neceffary, but to b,e had in equall Reverence dL 'fim^k-
with the Word of God. Sarnixiu^ had acquainted" him wichXome news "'' "^"^ftj^.^"^'
from Poland^conceming the Divifions and Subdivifionsin the Churches ^nlrc'cuf''
there •, whereunto Beza. makes his atifwer by his Letters of the firft of.«'^'>' &<:.
NiVf.r»}Hr, i56tf-, {b) That Hnlefsfome Form of Ecclefiajiical I)ifctfm^ iwr- ^P'^- ■'4'
F 2 cording
• •m:^*
3^
Ci^e l^ifto^t of ti^c ^it^htttmm uh. t
(c)Scts unum
^ eandem
ejji turn Do-
ilrime turn
Vifciplhti
Authonm.
Ibid.
alttn np-
diitta, reci-
pere. Ibid.
'•t'ejTimetur «■
lia tyrarim,
&£. Ibid.
cording to the Word of God, were recei'ved micng thew., he could not fee bj
what means they wire able to remedy their difccrds^ cr to prevent the like for
the time to come % that he had many times admired^ that beino rparned by the
confujion of their Neighbours in Germany, they had not confidered before this
time, as wellofihe necefjity to receive fuch Difcifline, as for the Strici obferving
cfit when it iym received-, that there was onely one and the lelf-fame Au-
thor, {c) both ofDo^rine and Difcipline; and therefore ihzt it mtifi feetn
ftrange ( which I would have the Reader mark with his btfl attention )
to entertain one fart of the Word of God^ {d) andrejeli the other ^ that it was
moft ridiculous toexpeft or think,that either the Laws could beoiafer-
ved, or the Peace maintained, without Rules and Orders, in which
'(A)^orjm the very life of the Law did fo much confift, that for the avoiding of
vnbi'pmem, foBfie new TyrannyCe)which feemed to lye difguifed under the Mask and
Vizard of the prefent Difcipline, they fhould not run themfelves into
fuch Anarchy and difcords as were not otherwife to be prevented •, and
finally, that no feverity could be feared in theufe of that Difcipline,
as long as it was circumfcribed within the bounds and limits afligned un-
to it by the Word of God, and moderated by the Rules of Chriftian
charity. So, tliat we are not to admire, if the Difcipline be from hence-
forth made a Note of the Church, every way as efTential to the nature
of it, as the Word and Sacraments •, which as it is the common Do-
ftrine of the Presbyterians, fo we muft look on Bezazs the Author of
it; fuch Dodrine being never preached in the Church before.
45. But becaufe Beza feems to fpeak in that Epiftle concerning the
neceflity of admitting fomc certain Form of Ecclefiaftical DHcipline,
without pointing punctually and precifely uiito that of Geneva ', wc
(O^mm tiUi ™"^ "^^^ ^^^ vih^Lt. Form of Difcipline he means,and whether a Chtirch-
iMquoi Do- Government by Bifhops were intended in it. And firft he tells us in a
itnniftmd poftfcript of a Letter to Knox^ dated the third of 5P»/;y 1569, wherein
he much congratulates his good Fortune, (/) for joyning the Difcipline
in his Reformation with the truth of Pontine, befeechinghim togo
forward with it as he had begun, left it might happen to him as it did
to others, either to flacken in their fpeed, or not be able to advance
were they never fo willing. And we know well what Difcipline,what
Form of Government and Worfliip had been by Knox eftabliftied in the
Kirk of 5m/4«i. But fecondly, many of the Scats being ftill unfatisficd
in the point of Epifcopacy,and not well pleaftd with any other Govern-
ment of a late invention 5 it was thought fit to fend to Beza for his judg-
mw, <j«9 urn raent in it, who was now looked upon as the Supreme Paftor, Suc-
& Rtiigio- ceiTor unto Calvin:, both in place sSld power. Beza confiders of the bu-
iJSll^ finefs, and by his Letters of the 12/^ of Jpril 1572, returns this Arv
voarin£,re- ();t;tt,viz. That he beheld it as an extraordinary blefling on the Church
l',dum\nSco- of Scotland, (a) That together with the true Religion, they alfo had
tiam intH- rcccived the Difcipline for the Bond thereof. Both which he carneftly
lifiii. Epift. cQ^^j^f £s them fo to hold together, as to be fure that there is no hope to
(h)Hxc duo ft- keep the one, if they lofe the other : {b) which being faid in reference
"'"^"^'mik to the Holy Difcipline, he next proceeds to fpend his judgment in the
'aimum'd'iu point of Epifcopacy. In reference to which, he firft tells them this 5
;fr»;<i«e« «(>» thJ^t as the Biftiops were the firft means to advance the Pop:, fothe
nfllbr pretended Bifliops would maintain the Reliques of the Popery. And
thea
con)ungetiu
&c. Ep. 674.
hoc Dei mif
Lib. I. 'iS^i)c "^imf^ot i^tmt&\>^miam. /.;
then he adds, that it concerns all thofe to avoidthat Plague (c) (by which (c)Uancpejim
he means undoubtedly the Epifcopal Order ; who pretend to any care r,/^""'^ ^'"
of the Churches fafety. And therefore fince they had fo happily dif- llTclpm'.
charged that calling in the Church of -^cotland^ {d) they never lliould Yl^-
again admit it, though it might flatter thera with forae alTnrance ofiiUmZfam
peace and unity. ajmittas,
46. What followed thereupon in Scotlafjd^ we fhall fee hereafter. ^at!"Zi^t
But his defires of propagating the Genevixn Form5, was not to be re- i^thcie
drained to that part of the Ifland. In his firft Letter unto Gnndd, he \C\l"'''^'
doth not onely juitifie the Gencvtm Difcipline, and the whole Order of
that Church in Sacred Offices, as grounded on the Word of God ^ but
finJes great fault with the Epifcopal Government in the Church of £»?■-
land^ and the great power which was afcribed unto the Queen in Spiri,
,tuai,Matters. How fo ^ Becaufe (faid he) he found nt» warrant fof
it in the Word of God, or any of the ancient Canons, by which it mioht
be lawful for the Civil Magiftrate (of his own Authority) either to » ,^.
abrogate old Ceremonies, or eltablifli new 5 or for the Bilhops onely to
ordain and determine any thing, {e) without the judgment and C0r\fent u)mfoiut.-
of their Presbyteries being firft obtained. And in his anfwer to the pifeopil'fbj-'
Queries of the Englilh brethren, he findes no lefs fault with the manner f^^"'- ^^''^: ■
of proceedings in the Biihops Courts •, in regard that Excommunicati- ^Z'tZi't""
ons were not therein pafTed by the common confent of a Presbytery, "imidiovi
if) but decreed onely by fome Civil Lawyers, or other Officers who EpSf'^'
fate as Judges in the fame. But firft,the man was ignorant of the courfe (^J ^'""'^^
of thofe Courts, in which the fentence of Excommunication is never Sf^^/}^|i' 5''
publiflied or pronounced,butby the mouth of a Minifter ordained accor- qMomxHam]!!-
ding to the Rules of the Church of England, And fecondly, it is to be '"^'^"jf^^J-J,
conceived in Reafon, that any Batchelor or Dodor of the Civil Law is rim e-]ufm'odi
far more fit to be imployed and trufted in theexercifeof that part of ^Z'''""'''''^^'
Difcipline, then any Trades-man of Geneva, though poffibly of the ' '
number of the five and twenty. For the redrefs of which great mif-
chief, and of many other, he applies himfelf unto the Queen, to whom
he dedicates his Jnnotations on the New Teftament^ pub!i(hed in the year
1572. In the Epiftle whereunto, though he acknowledgeth that flie
had reftored unto this Kingdom the true Worfhip of God, yet he iufi-
nuates that there was wanting a full Reformation of Ecclefiaftical Di-
fcipline •, that our Temples were not fully purged ^ that fome high
places ftill remained, not yet aboliftied : and therefore willieth that
thofe blemiflies might be removed, and thofe wants fupplyed. Finally,
underftanding that a Parliament was then fhortly to be held in England.,
and that Carmrigk had prepared an Admmifton to prefent unto it ^ he
muft needs interpofe his credit with a Peer of the Realm to advance the
fervice,as appears plainly by his Letter of the fame year, and th« iV«»fx
of ^w/jy. In which, though he approves the Dodrine, yet he con-
demns the Government of the Churcn as moft imperfed, not onely de-
ftitute of many things which were good and profitable, but alfoof
fome others which were plainly neceffary.
47. But here it is to be obferved, that in his Letter to this great per-
fon, whofoever he was, he fecms more cauteloHS and referved then ig
that to Grindal-, but far more modeft then in thofe to Kmx, and the Eng,-
lilh
38 d^e!^iftojtofti^c^je0lii?tenan0. Lib. i.
lilh Brethren. The Government of £»f/4w^ was fo well fetled, as not
to be ventured on too raihly . And therefore he muft firit fee what effed
his coonfels had produced in ScotUnd-, before he openly aflauks the Eng-
lifh hierarchy: But finding all things there agreeable to his hopes and
wifties, he publifhed his Trad De Tnpltci Epfcofatu, calculated far the
Meridian onely of the Kirk oi Scoilamias being writ at thedefire of the
Lord Chancellor GlamffiU J but fo that it might generally ferve for all
Great Britain : In which Book he informs his Reader of three forts of
Bifho^s -, that is to fay, the Bifliop by Divide In^itmon^ being no other
then the Minifter of a particular Church or Congregation -, the Bifhop
by humane aff ointment, being the fame onely with the Prefident of a
Convocation, or the Moderator (as they phrafe it) in fome Church- Af-
fembly 5 and finally, the Devils Bijhops, fuch as prefume to take upon
them the whole charge of a Diocefs, together with afuperiorityand
jurifdiftion over other Minifters. Which Book was afterwards tran-
llated into Engliihby Feildo(jVandfjvort/j, for the inftrudion and con-
tent of fuch of the Brethren as did not underftand the Latine. To ferve
as a Preface to which Work the Presbyterian Brethren publifli their
Seditious Pamphlets in defence of the Difcipline, fomeinthe Englifli
Tongue, fome in the Latine 5 but all of them Printed at Geneva : For in
the year 1570 comes o\it The plain and full Declaration of Ecclefufiical Di-
fciplme, according to the Word of Cod, withont the name of any Author, to
gain credit to it. And Tiaverfe, afurious Zealot amongfl: the Englifli ,
had published at Geneva alfo in the Latine Tongue , a difcourfe of Ec-
clefufiical Difcipline, according to the Word of God Cas" it was
pretended) with the declining of the Church of England from
the fame, v^»w 1574 ; which for the fame reafon muft be turned into
EnglilTi alfo, and Printed at Geneva \v\t\\ Bezds Book ^nno 1580.
What pains was took by fome of the DivDjes of England^ but more
particularly by Dr. ^'^o^^^r/^w Dean of 5ii>-»?w, and Dt. Adrian Sa-
ravia^ preferred upon the merit of thisfervice in the Church of Wefi-
minfier, {hall be remembred ia a place. more proper for it, when we
fliall come to a review of thofe difturbances which were occafioned in
■this Ciiurchby the/'*r/>4» Fadion. Moftof which did proceed from
Bo other Fountain then the pragmaticalnefs of Beza^ the Dodrines
of Calvin, and the Example of Geneva • which if they were fo influ-
ential on the Realms of Britain^ though lying in'a colder climate, and
fo far remote 5 it is to be prefumed that they were far more powerful
in France ixn^ Germany, which lay nearer to them 5 and in the laft of
which the people were of a more adive and MerttirialSi^ix\t.
48. What influence Cdvin had upon fome of the Princes, Cities and
Divines of Germany, hath been partly touched upon before ; and how
his Dodrines did prevail -in the Palatine Churches, and his Difcipline in
many parts and Provinces of the GermMc Empire, may be i}io\yn here-
after. \xv France he held intelligence with the King of NavaY, the
Brethren of Rorten, Aix, idont-Peiier, and many leading men of the
Htigonot party -, none of which can be thought to have asked his coun-
Tel about purchafing Lands, the MarHages of their Children, or thepay-
:-ment of Debts : And when the Fortune of the Wars, and the Kings
juft anger neceflitated many of them to forfake their Country, they
found
Lib. I O^e!^iftojtoftl|e|^je0t)ftetiatT^. 3i»
found no place fo open to them as the Town of Cenevay and none:
more ready to befriend them then Calvin vizs, whofe Letters mu ft b^
fent to, all the Churches of the -ywf^ifrj^ and the Neighbouring Ger-
ma^jt for railing Contributions aqd Collediiops toward their relief;
which fo exafperated the French King, that he threacijcd to mafce
War upon the Town, as the fomenter of ;hofe 4ifcprds :\vhieh em-
broyled his Kingdom, (^ j the Receptacle of his Rf bel^^ th^e fielphos as if ^$Sc"uri7
■were of that Sacred G>acle which Soveraignly direded all aiJairs of nioi-f ;';<*'■'/'''»■»'/-
roent. But of thefe things, and how Beza did cp-pperate to t|ig "'xmmnf^
common troubles which did fo miferabjy diftrai^ the .peace, of -^"'^frr-jMc-
J^rmce. flwU be delivered more particularly ia -the folluwiria f"^ '■'' ^'"'^
•v, ' V J .• ■ .T -^. '"O barum. Calv.
JpOOJi. . J , fflBulIinger.
' 49. As fir the Town and Territory of Ge;ieva k feJf, it had fo f^f * cai. Juae/
fubmitted uato their Auehority, that Calvm wanted nothing of a Bi- ^^ °'
fliop in it, but the Name and Title. The City of GeTieiiA had beeS
anciently an Epifcopal See, confifting of many Pariflies and Country ■^ ,
Villages ^ all fubjed: by the Rules of the I^ifcipline unto one Presby-
tery, of which C^/r/;? for the term of his life had the coi>ftant Pi:ece*
dency (under the ftyle of Moderator) without whom nothing cOuldbe
done which concerned the Church. And fitting as chief Prefident io
the Court or Confiftory, he had fo great an influence on the Com-
mon-council, as if he had been made perpetual jD/(^4/<»^ alfo, for ,Qtr
dering the affairsof the Common-wealth. The like' Aothority was
exercifed and enjoyed by Bez,A alfo, for the fpace of ten years or therer
abouts, after his deceafe. At what time Lamherttts Dianfim^ one of
the Minlftersof that City, thinking himfelf inferiour to him in no
part of Scholarlhip, procured the Pre/idency in that Church to go by
turns, that he and others might be capable of their courfes in it : By
which means the Gen:via.ns being freed from thofe powerful Riders,
would never fuffer themfelves to be bridled as they had been former-
ly. For thereupon it was concluded by a Decree of the Senate, that
the Presbytery fliould have no power to convent any man before them,
till the Warrant was firft figned by one of the Syndics. Befides
which curb, as the Elders are named by the lefTer Council, and con-
firmed by the greater, the Minifters advice being firft had in the no-
mination 5 fo do they take an Oath at their admillion, to keep the Ec-
clefiajlical Ordinances of the Civil Magipate. In which refped; their
Coniiftory doth not challenge an exorbitant and unlimited power, as
the Comm'ffioner i of Chnfi (as they did afterwards in Scotia ',d) but as
Commilfioners of the State or Seigniory 5 by which they are reftrained
in the exercifeof that Jurifdidion, which otherwife they mi^^ht and
would have challenged by their firft inftitution, and feemed at firft a
yoke too infupportable for the necks of the people. In reference to
their Neighbouring Princes, their City was fo advantageoufly feated,
that even their Popifh Neighbours were more ready to fupport and
aid them, then fuffer the Towntofall into the power of the Duke of
Savoy. And then it is not to be doubted but fuch States and King-
doms as were Zealous in the Reformation, did liberally contribute their
afllftance to them. The confluence of fo many of the French as had
retired thither in the heat- of the Civil Wars, had brought a mifera»
ble
^■^;:
40 Cl^ iptfto?^ Of n^z ^|Cfibttenati0. ' Lib. i.
ble Pla<^ue upnri them •, by which their nnmbrrs were fo leffened', and
their ftren^th io weakned, that the Duke of Saz'oy took the opportu-
nity to lay Siege Uiuo it : in which diftrefs theyfupplicate by Letters
to all their Friends, orfuch as they conceived might wifh well unto
them inthecaufeof Religion ♦, anidamongft others, to fome Bifhops
and Noble-men of the Church of England-, Anno 1582. But Bcz.a
havin<y writ to Traverfe^ a moft zealous Furitan,to negotiate in it, the
bufinels fped the worfe for the Agents fake •, no great fupply being
fent unto them at that time. But afterwards when they were diftrefled
by the Savoyard, Annoi')%^, they were relieved with thirteen thou-
fand Crowns from England, twenty four thoufand Crowns from the
State of Venice j from France and Florence, with intelligence of the ene-
mies purpofes : onelythe Scots, though otherwife moft zealous in ad-
vancing the Difcipline, approved themfelves tohtixxxt Scots, orfilfe
! Brethren to therri. For having raifed great fums of mony, under pre-
tence offending feafonable relief to their friends in Geneva ; the moft
part of it was afldgned over to the Earl of Boihmll, then being in Re-
bellion againft their King, and having many ways endeavoured to
furprife his perfon, and in fine to take away his life. But this prank
was not play'duntill fome years after, and therefore falls beyond the
time of mydefign^ which was, and is, to draw down the fuccefles of
^t Presbyterians vathtvc feveral countries till the year isS'j, andthen
to take them all together, as they related unto England, or were co-
incident with the Ai^ions and Affairs thereof. But we muft make our
■way by France, as lying neareft to the practices of the Mother-city 5
though Scotland z.tz greater diftance firft took fire upon it, and Eng-
land \^^% as foomattempted as the fz-ew^ themfelves.
tbs end of tk Firfi ^ook.
Lib. II.
4»
J E%IV S \ET>IV IVV Si
O R T H E
HISTORY
OFT H E
resbyterians.
L I B. n.
Containing
Tk manifold Seditions ^ Coufpiracies ^ and hifurreSHons in the
^alm of France, their Libelling againfi the State, and the
JPars tlere raijid by their frocitrement^ frofn the year 155^^0
He Realm of FranUy having long fuffered under
the corruptions of the Church of Romi^ was one
ofthefirirWeftern Kingdoms which openly de-
clared againft thofe abufes. Sertngartm ia the
Neighbouring Jtal-j., had formerly oppofed the
Grofs and Carnal Dodrines of the Papifts in the
point of the Sacrament : Whofe opinions paffing
into France from one hand to another,were at lail
publickly maintained by Pf/^r mi/i<?, one of the Citizens of Ljms^
who added thcreut!to many bitter invedives againfl: the Supremacy
of the Pope, the Adoration of Images, the Invocation of Saints, and
the Dodrinc of Purgatory. His Followers, from the-place of his ha-
G bitation
4i Ci^e ^i^m ot t^^ ^Jt0i3ttervan0. Lib. ii
b;tation,were at flrft called in contempt, the poor mm of Ljons • as af-
terwards, from the name of their Leader, they were by the Latines cal-
led Wddenjes^ by the French La Faudotfe. But Lyons proving no fafe
place for them, they retired into the more defart parts of Languedoc^
and fpreading on the banks of the River Albj, obcamed the name of
^/^/g-^. j"w in the Latine Writers, and of ic^^/%m/e in the French :
fupported by RAjmond the Fourth, Earl of Tholouje^ they became fo in-
folent, that they murtheted TrincAnel tbeir Vilcount in the City Be-
ziers, and dafht out the teeth of their Biftiop, having taken Sanctua-
ry in St. Magdalem Cburch, oneof the Churches of rhat City. For
which high outrages, and many others of like nature which enlued up-
on them, they were warred upon by Lewis the Ninth of France^Sk-
named the Saiftt^ and many Noble Adventurers, who facrificed ma-
ny of them in the felf-fame Church wherein they had fpilt the blood
of others. After a long and bloody War, which ended in the year
1250, they were almoft rooted out of the Country alfo ; the rciidue
or remainders of them having betook themfelves into the mountain-
ous parts of DaulphinC:, Provence^ Pkmont^ and Savty^ for their greater
fafety. By means whereof becoming neer Neighbours to the
SmtzerS:, and polfibly managing fome traffick with the Town of Gf-
neva, their Do(5trines could neither be unknown to Z«/«^//w amongft
the one, nor to many Inhabitants of the other of beft note and
quality.
2. The reft o^ France had all this while continued in the Popes obe-
dience, and held aa outward unifoimity in all points with the Church
of Rome-j from which it was not much diverted by the Writings of
Zuin4iui^ or the more moderate proceedings of the Luther an T>Q>^orSy
who after the year 1517. had filled many Provinces of Germany with
their opinions. But in the year 1533 the -^^^^^^^^i found an oppor-
tunity to attempt upon it. For Francis the Firft favouring Learned men
and Learning (as commonly they do, whofe Adiions are worthy a
le.uned Pen) refolved to ereft a Llniverfiry at Paris^ making great
offers to the moft Learned Scholars of Italy and Germany for their
'^Entertainment. Luther Xd^ts hold of that advantage^, and lends Bucer^
and fome others of his ableft Followers •, who by difputing in fuch a
confluence of Learned m;n, might give a ftrong elTay to bring in his
Dodtrines. Nor wanted therefome which were taken with the' No-
velty of them, efpecially becaufe fuch as were queftioned for Religion
• had recourfe into jiquitaine^ to Margaret of FaloU, the Kings Siftersmar-
ried to Henry of JlketKlns, of Navar-, who perhaps out of hatred to
the Bifhop of Rome-, by whom her Husbands Father was deprived
of that Kingdom, might be the more favourable to the. Lutherans-. -^
or rather moved (as Ihe cotifefled before her death j with commifc-
ration to thofe condemned perfons that fled to her, protedlion, ihe
'became earneft: with her brother in defence of their perfons 5 fo
'that for ten years together Ihe was the chief means of maintaining
the Do(acines of Luther in the Realm of France,^ Nor was the King
fo bent in their Extermination, as otherwife he would have been, in re-
gard of thofe many Sxitz. and Germans that ferved him in his
Wars againft Chtrks the Fifth 5 till at laft^ b^ing gritvoufly
' offended
Lib. II. Clje J^ittojit Of t^e i^^esiibf terian^. 43
offended with the contumacy of the men, and their continual oppofi-
tiqn to the Charch of Rome^ he publiihed many Edids and Procla-
mations againftthem, not onely threatning, but executing his penal
Laws, untillhe had at lad almoft extinguilhed t e name of Luthr in
his Kingdom.
■ j. But C4/wW ftratagem fucceeded fomewhat better, whoimmedi- 154^,
ately upon the Death of ¥riincis\\\tY\t^ (whilft King Hem'j was in-
gag'd in the Wars with Charles') attempted France by fending, his
Pamphlets from Genevj^ writ for the moft part in tie French Tongue,
I'orthe better captivating and informing of the common people. And
as he found many pofTefle J with Lnthers opinions, fo he himfejf infla-r
med them with a Zeal to his own j the Vulgar being very p^-oud to be
made Judge? in Religion, and pafs their Votes upon the abftrufeft
Coatroverfies of the Chriftian Faith. So that in fliort time Ztiin^
gU:u was no more remembred, nor the Dodrine of Luther fo much
followed as it had been formerly. The name of Cdvm carryinc^ it
amongfi the Fnnch. The fudden propagating of whofe Opinions,
both by preaching and writing, gave great offence unto the Papifts 5
but chiefly tr) c/;/rr/a Cardinal of LOrrAin, and his Brother i^r^wc^-
i)uke of G«//e, then being in great power and favour with Kin^ //£>»-
?^ the Second. By whofe continual folHcitation, the King endeavou-
red by many terrible and fevere executions to iupprefs them utterly •
and did reduce his Followers at the laft to fuch a condition, that
theydurll neither meet in publick, or by open day, but fecretly in
Woods orPrivate-houfes-, and for themoft part in the night, to a-
void difcovery. And at this time it was, and on this occafion,that
the name of Hugonotswzs firft given them •, fo called from St. Hugo's
Gatein theCityof Tioivrj, out of which they were obferved to pals to
their fccret Meetings •, or from a night-fpirit, or Hobgobline, which
they called St. ///frf-, to which they were refembled, for their confbnt
night-walks. But neither the difgrace which that name imported, nor
the feverityof the Kings Edicfhs fo prevailed upon them, but that they
multiplied more and more in moff parts of the Realm ; efpecially in
the Provinces which either were neareft to Geneva^ or lay more open
towards the Sea, to the trade of the Englilh. And though the fear
of the danger, and the Kings difpleafure, deterred fuch as fived within
the air of the Court from adhering openly unto them ; yet had they
manyfecret favourers in the Royal Palace, and not a few' of the No-
bility, which gave them as much countenance as ths times could
fuffcr. The certainty whereof appeared immediately on the death
of King Henry ^ who left this Life at Paris on the tenth of ^uly^
Anno 559, leaving the Crown to Francis his Eldeft Son, then 1559.
being but fifteen years of Age, neither in ftrength of body, nor
in vigour of Spirit, enabled for the managing of "fo great an Em-
pire.
4. This young King in his Fathers life-time had married Mary Queen
of Scots^ Daughter and Heir of ^amcs the Fifth, by Mary of Lor-
rain, a Daughter of the Houfe of (7»//e, and Sifter to the two great
Favourites before remembred. This gave a great improvement f)
the power and favour which the two Brothers had before, made
G 2 greater
44 d^e^tfl!0JT0ftt)Ct^|C^tt«tatt!5. Lib/ir.
©reaterby uniting them felves to Kiithcrtne dc llledjcis, tht,yoxing Kiit^S
Mother 5 a Woman of a peftilent Wit, ind one cliatftudied nothing
more then to maintain her own greatnefs againft all oppofers. By this
confederacy the Princes of ihe Houfe of i<?//r^c«, Heirs in Reverfi-
on ro the Crown, if the King and his three brothers .ibould depart
without Iffue Male (asia ^ne theydid) were quite e;scl'Uded from -all
office and impldy ment in the Court or State. The principal of which
was Anthon'i Duke of Fendofme, and his brother Lewis Prince olConder,
men not fo near in birth, as of different liumours -, the Duke being of
an open nature, flexible in himfelf, and eafily wrought upon by othefS'i
but on the other fide, the Prince was obferved to be of a more entefi
prifing difpofition, violent (but of a violence mixed with cunning "in
the carrying on of his defigns) and one chat would not patiently dif-
femble the fmalleft injuries. Thefe two had drawn unto t!ieir lide
the two Ch^plioas •, that is to fay, Gafper de Collignie Admiral of the
Realm of Fanci^ and Monfieur ly Andilot his brother Gjmmander of
the Infantry of that Kingdom -, to which O'iiiccs they had been adr
vancedby the Duke of Mmtmorencj^ into whufe Family they had mar-
ried, during the time of his Authority with tlie King deceafed , for
whofe removal from the Court by the confederacy of the QaCen Mo-
ther with the Houfe of Gui[e, they were as much difquieted, and as
;ipt for adion, as the Princes of the Houl'e of Boiirbo/i for the former
Reafons. Many defigns were offered to confideracion in their private
Meetings-, but none were more likely to effed their bufintfs, then to
make themfelves theHeads of the Hugomt Fadionjwhich the two chap-
liom had long favoured as far as they durft. By whofe affiftance
they might draw all affairs to their own difpofing, get the Kings pcr-
fon into' their power, fiiut the Queen-mother into a Cloyfler, and
force the Gwi/f^ into JLcrmw out of which they came.
5. This counfel was the rather followed, becaufe it feemed moft
aoreeable t>> the inclinations of the Qti_een of Nivar Daughter of
Henr'^ of Alb.et and the Lady Margaret before-mentioned, and Wife
of jfithony DakQ of Vendofm^ who in her Right acquired the title to
that Kingdom. Which Princefs being naturally averfe from the
Popes of Rome^ and no lefs powerfully tranfported by fome flattering
hopes for the recovery of her Kingdoms, conceived no expedient fo
effedual to revenge her felf upon theone, and Intlirone herfelf in
the other, as the profecuting this defign to the very utmoft. Upon
which ground ihe inculcated nothing more into the ears of her Hus-
band, then that he muff not fuffer fuch an opportunity to flip out of
his hands, for the recovery of the Crown which belonged unto her-,
that he might make himfelf the Head of a mighty Fadlion, con-
taining almoft half the ftrength of FruhU ^ that by fo doing he
might exped affiftance from the German Princes of the fame Reli-
gion, from Queen Elizuhcth of England^ and many difcontented Lords
in the 5f/fzd' Proviiices, befides fuchof theCatholick party, eVen in
France it felf, as were difpleafed ac the Oww-Regency of the Houfe
of Giiife -J that by a flrong Conjunction of all theie intereffes he
might not only get his ends upon the Gt/ifes^ but carry his Army
crofs the Mountains, raajie himfelf Mafterof Narar, with all the
Rights
Lib. II. Clje ^^^# Of tlje ^it^trtzmM 45
'Uigius and' Royalties ,ap.pertaiirrig to if.^. But all ^ this -Vbuld not, fa
pr'cvailoathe'Duke her HusBand, (vvliptii, we will henceforth ' call
"the King of*. iV'^^r) as either •openly or under-hand tp promote'the
enterpri'ie, which he conceived more like to hinder Ijis affairs rh,en
to advance his hopes. For the Queen-Mother hav^ing ioaie iatelli-
oenceofthefefecret practices, fends for him to the Court, commandc
genceofthefefecret practices, fends for hini to the Gourt, commands
unro his care her Daughter. the Princefs jfaklL, affiaiacedto Hil'ip
the Second King of Ji/d/^, and puts him chief into Commiffion for de-
livering her upon the Borders to fuch ^/'^«///; Mini'fiers as were ap-
pointed to receive' her. All which (he did (as ihe aflurcd him) forruo
'other ends, but cut of the great efteem^'i^hich flie had of his perfon,
to pat him into a fair way for ingratiating him lelf with the Catholick
King, and to give him fuch a hopeful opportunity for lollicitin" hi-s
own affairs with the Grandees of Spain, as might much tend to his ad-
vantage up m this imployment. Which device had [o wrought upon
him, and he had been fo finely fitted by the Minifters of the Catholick
King, that he thought himfelf in a better way to regain his Kingdom,
then all the HugoKots in France, together \yith their Friends in Gcrmti-
«}' and £»^/j«i, could chalk out unto him.
6. But notwithftauding this great coldnefs in the' King of Navar'
the bufinefs was fo hotly followed by the Prince of ^okJc, the Admi-
ral ColUgme, and his Brother D'Anjclot^ that the Hugonots were drawn
to unite tcgtrher under the Princes ofthatHoufe. To which they
were fpurred on the fafter by the praftices of Godfrey de U Bay, com-
monly called ifw^W/'^, from thename of his Seigniory ^a man of a moft
mifchievo'js Wit, and a dangerous Eloquence; who beincr forced to
abandon his own Country for fome mifdemeanors, betook himfelf
unto Geneva, wh-rehc grew great with Calvin, Beza, and the reft ofthe
Confiftory-, and coming back again in the change of times, v/as thought
the fitteft inftrument to promote this fervice, and draw the party to a
body. Which being induftrioufly purfued, was in fine effedrd -, ma-
ny great men, who had before concealed themfel ves in their affecfiions,
declaring openly in favour of the Reformation, when they perceived
it countenanced by fuch Potent Princes. To each of thefe, accordin<J
as they found them qualified for parts and power, they afficrned their
Provinces and Prccinfts, within the limits whereof thev were direded
to raife Men, Arms, Money, and all other neceffaries, for carryin^^ on
ofthe d.'-fign , but all things to be done in fo dole a manner, that no
difcovery Ihouldbemade rill the deed was done. By this it was a-
greed upon, that a certain number of them fiiould repair tp the Kinc»
at Bloife, and tenJer a Petition to him in all humble manner for the free
exercife ofthe Religion ;which they then profeffed, and for profef-
fing which they had been perfecuted in the days of his Father. But
thcfe Petitioners were to be backed with multitudes of armed men,
gathered together from all parts on the day appointed-, whoonthe
Kings denyal of fo juft a fuit, fliould violently break into the Court,
feize on the perfon of the King, furprife the Queen, and put the Cwz/fJ
to the Sword: And that being done, Likrty was to be Proclaimed,
Free exercife of Religion granted by publick Edi6t, themanagery of
affdirs committed to' the Prince of cWf, and all the reft of th'e Con-
federates
^e Cl^e ^i^m of tl^e |0 je^b^teriair^. Lib. ii
federates gratified with rewards and honours. Impofllble it was,
that in a bufinefs which r^equircd fo many hands, none ihould be found
to ''ive inrelli^'ehce to the advcrfe party : which coming to the know-
ledge of the Queen-Mother, and the Duke of G«{/f,, they removed
th/Courtfrom Bloi^i a weak open Town, to the ftrong Caftle of
Amhoife , pretending nothing but the giving of the King lome recrea-
tion inthe Wopds adjoyning. But being once fetled in the Caftle,
the Kin<^ is made acquainted with thethreatned danger, the Duke of
Cutis appointed Lieut^iant-General of the Reahu of France. And^ by
his care the matter was fo wifely handled, that without riiaknig any
noife toaffriohtthe Confederates, the Petitioners were' admictea into
the Town •, whilft in the Jtiekn time, feveral TroQpesof Hor^e were
fent out by him to fall cnfuch of their Accomplices as wert' well
Armed and ready to have done the liiifchief, if not thus preven-
ted.
<<5o 7' The iffue of the bufinefs was, that iff;«W/V the chief Ador ia
' it was killed in the fight, many of the reft flain, and fome taken Prifo?
rers the whole body of them being routed and compelled to file: yet
fuchwasthe clemency of the King, and the difcreet temper of the
Cul{es^ in the courfe of this bufinefs, that a general pardon was pro-
claimed on the iSth ofyI/4rcZ',(being the third day after th Execution)
to all that being moved onely with the Zeal of Religion, had tntrcd
themfelves into the Confpiracy, if within twentyfour hours they laid
down their Arms, and retired to their own Houfes. But this did little
edifie with thofe hot fpirits which had the conduft of the Caufe, and
had befooled themfelves and others with the flattering hopes of gain-
incthe Preeexercife of their Religion. It cannot bedenyedbut that
they were ref^lvedfo to a(fl their parts, that Religion might not feem
to have any hand in it, or at the leaft might not fcffer by it, if the plot
mifcanied. To which end they procured the chief Lawyers of Francs
and G'e>'?«4'^V-. and many of the reformed Divines of thegreateft emi-
nence, to publifii fome Writings to this purpofe • that is to fay , that
without violating the Majeftyof the King-, and the dignity of the law-
ful Ma^iftrate, they might oppofe with Arms the violent Dominati-
on of theHoufc of Guife^ who were given out for Enemies to the true
Reliction, hinderers of the courfe of Juftice, and in tffe»51: no better
then the Kings Jaylors, as the cafe then flood. But this Mask was
quickly taken off, and the defign appeared bare faced without any
' vizard. For prefently upon the routing of the Forces in the Woods
o{ Amhoife-, they caufed great tumults to be raifed in Poiffou, Langui-
dec zvlA Provence. To which the Preachers of Gfwt';? were forthwith
called, and they came as willingly-, their followers being' much in-
creafed both in courage and numbers, as .well bv their vefiemency in
fa) r« qnihu!- thePulpit, asrheir.private pradices. In Danlfheny, aud fome parts of
rf^wProv'in- Provence^ {a) they proceeded further, feized upon divers of the Chur-
ax d^pdphi- ^]^^^ f^j. j.[^g Exercife of their Religion, as if all matters had fucceed-
S w/?'!'/ ed anfwerable to their expedation. But on the firft coming of fome
hoministcm- forces from the Duke of Guife they fhrunkin again, and left the
mfr^'f^V Country in the fame condition wherein firft they found it. Of this
tornm }j>fi particular, Calvin f^ives notice unto Sullenzer..by his Letters of the 27th.
efntcm- i " ^ v> ^
potts, &c. ^ ^
Lib. II. €U liftoj^ of t^e ^tt^iytt^iam* 47
of Af<«j, Jmo 1560, complaining much of the extreme rafliaefs, and
fool-hardiaefs of fome of that party, (^) whom no fober counfels could (^'J.'^'' ^«f'*
reftrainfpom thofe inoagements which mi^ht have proved fo dan<?e- z"""""^"^-
tous anddeltrnctive to the caute ot Religion. Which words of his ^'fA^»^/pV
relate not onely to the Adion of Daulfhine and Provence^ but to fome of ?"" (''■^""'
the attempts preceding, whatfoever they were, by him difcouraged "pf.^^rw
and diffwaded, if we may believe him. vuitonon
8. But though we may believe him, as I think we may, the Pope ^,v^')"' ?«/)«-
and Court of France were otherwife perfwaded of it. Reimdoes go- '^'■^ '''''^ /*"
iiig from Gf/JfiJ^i, to nnite the party, was as unlikely to be done with' /^V'^"*''*''*
out his allowance, as without his privity. But certainly the Mini-
fters of Ge/jei/rf durft not leave their Flocks to Prtach Sedition to the
French o£ Provence and i-rfw^wfis/*'^, if he had neither connived at it, oj
advifed them to it «, {c) and fuch connivings differ but little from com- ^^^ ^"'^
mands, as we find in J'4/a;/4«. Once it is fure that the Pope fuggefted ^^jfLw/^*''
to the French King by the Bifhop oiviterho^ whomhefentin the m- """^"^^-S^bi.
cure of Legate, that all the mifchief which troubled France^ and the Dei '^Ib^T"
Poyfon which infeded that Kingdom and the Neighbouring Coun*-
tri.s, (for fo I find in my Author j came from no other Fountain then
the Lake of Geneva -^ that by digging at the very root, he might di-
vert a great part of that nouridiment by which thofe mifchiefs were
fomented-, aiid that by profecuting fuch a ForeinWar, he mi^hc
evacuate thofe bad humours which diftempered his Kingdom: and
therefore if the King be pleafed to engage herein, his Holincfs would
not onely fend him fome convenient Aids, but move the Scotch Kino-,
and the Duke o? Savoy ^ ro aflifthimalfo. But neither the Qaeen-
Mothtr, nor the Guife flor the King adrd little in his own affairs)could
approve the motion, partly for fear of giving offence unto iht Swit-
z,ers^ with whom Gcveva had confederated thirty years before ^ and
partly becaufe n me being like to engage in that War, but the Qi-
tholicks onely, the Kingdom would thereby lye open to the adverfe
party. But nothing more diverted the three Princes from concur-
ring in it, then the impolfibility of complying with their feveral inte-
reffes in the oifpofing of the Town when it ihould be taken. The
Duke of Savoy would not enter into the War before he was affu-
red by the other Princes that he fliould reap the profit of it- that be-
longing a4i,ciently to his jurifdidion. But it agreed neither with the
intereft o^ France nox Spain^ to make the Duke greater then he wAs,
by fo fair aji addition as would be made to his Eftate, were it yeilded
to him. The ^^rf^wr^:/ knew that the French Kln^ would never bring
him into France^ or put into his hands fuch a forti^ed Pafs, by which
he might enter when he pleafed. As on the other fide, the Spaniards
v<rould\not fufferitto fall into the power of the /'^'fw/;, byreafon of
its neer Neighbour- ho jd unto the County of Bun^undy-, which both
then was, and ever fince hath been appendant on the Crown of Sfain.
By reafon of which mutual diftrufts and jealoufics the Pope received
no other anfwer to his motion in the Court of France^ but that it was
impoffible to apply themfelves to matters abroad, when they were ex-
ercifed at home with fo many concernments.
9. Thisanfwer pinched upon the Pope, wlio found as much con-
fufion
^8 Ci^e f ifto?^ of ti^e ^je^tttenangJ. lib. ii.
fufion in the State of ^i'/f»^<'»3 belonging for fome hundreds of years to
theSe2of Komc, as tiie French could reafonably complain in the Bow-
els of France. For lying as it did within the limits of Vrovence^ and be-
ing vifitedwith fuch of the French Preachers as had been ftuo'ied at
Ge/icva, the people generally became inclined unto Calv'ms Dodrines,
and made profcfTion of the fame both in private and publick -, nay;
they refolved upon thu^ lawfulnefs of taking up of Arms againft the
Pope, though th'.ir natural Lord j partly upon pretence that the
Country was uojuftly taken from the Earls of Tholoufe by the Pred^-
ceffors of the Pope •, partly becaufe the prefent Pope could prove no
true Lineal Succeflion from the firftUfurper^ but chiefly in regard
that perfons EccleJiapCAl were difabled by Chrifts Commandments from
cxercifincT any Temporal Jurifdidion over other men. Being thus
refolved to rebel, they put themfelves, by thepcrfwalion of Alexander
Cuilatine^ a profcffed Civilian, into the prctedion of Charles Count e.e
MO'Ahrun.^ who had then taken Arms againft the King, in the Coun-
try of Datilpbine. Menthrim accepts of the imployraent, enters the
Territory of y^'w^w'^'^ with three thoufand Foot, reduceth the whole
Country under his command-, the Popes Vice- Legate in the City be-
ino hardly ablefor the prefent to make good the Caftle. But fo it
hapncd, that the Cardinal of Toumon, whofe Niece the Count had
married, being neer the place, prevailed with him after fome difcourfc
to withdraw his Forces, and to retire nniQ Gene'v.i ^ afluring him not
onely of his Majefties pardon, and the reftitution of his Goods
which had been confifcated, but thathefliould have liberty of con-
fcience 'alfo, which he prized farmore then both the other. By which
Adtionthe people were neceffitated to return to their old obedience •,
but with fo many fears and jealoufies on either fide, that many years
Were fpent before the Pope could be alTured of the love of his Sub-
jeds, or they rtlye upon the Clemency and good will of their Prince.
Such iffue had the firft attempts of the Calvinians in the Realm of
France.
10. Inthemean time it was determined by the Cabinet Council
in the Court, to fmother the indignity of thefe infurre<flions, that the
hotfpiritsof the i^'rfw^ might have time to cool, and afterwards to
call them to a fober reckoning, when they leaft looked for it. In
order whereunto, an Edidis publiHied in the Kings name, and fent
to all the Parliamentary Courts of /"/-.li^cf (being at that time tight in
all) concerning the holding of an AlTembly at Fountainhleau on the
2\ of Atignjl then next following, for compofing the diftra(5tions of the
Kingdom. And in that Edidt he declares, that without any evident
occafion, a great number of perfons had rifen and taken Arms againft
him-, that he could not but impute the caufe thereof to \ht Hugonots
onely, who having laid afide all belief to God, and all affedionsto
their Country, endeavoured to difturb the peace of the Kingdom -,
that he was willing^ notwithftanding, to pardon allluch, as having
made acknowledgement of their errours, ihould return to their Hou-
fes, and live conformable to the Rites of the Catholick Church, and
in obedience to the Laws-, that therefore none of his Courts of Par-
liament fliould proceed in matters of Religion, upon any manner of
infor-
Xib.ii. (iTije i^iftojtt of t\)t l^je^jj^tmanjs. 0
information for offences paft, but ro provide by all' reVerity for the fu-
ture againft their commiting of the like : and finally, that for re-
fornnirg all abules in Government, hc:fef(!)l<^ed upon the calling of aft
Affembly, in which the Princes and mort eminent Perfons of the.King-
dora fliouldconfult together: the faid AfTtmbly to be Iield a:t his Ma-
jtfties Palace of Fofiyaam-Ueau on the twenty firfl of Auaujh then
next folio wiHg, and free leave to bether-ein granted-toall mannertrf
perfons, not onely to propound their grievances, but to'adviie ot\(omk
expedient for rdrefs thereof. According unto which appointment
the AlTembly holds, but neither the King of Navarnor the Princeof
^Gonde coald.be perfwaded to beprefentf, being both bent,-'as Tt a^
■pearei i?ot long afcer, on feme further projedts. But it was ordered,
that the Admiral Colligme, and his btother D'.-fWeto Ihould attend the
{■ervice,to the end that nothing fliould be there concluded without their
privity, or to the prejudice of their caufe. And that they mighf the
better ftrikc a terrour into the Heart of the King, whom they con-^
ceived to have been frighted to the calling of the prefent Aifembly,
the Admiral tenders a Petition in behalf of thofc of thz reformed Re-
ligion in the Dukedom of Nomandj^ which they were ready to fub-
Icribe with one hundred and fifty thoufand hands, if it were requi-
red. To which the Cardinal of Lorrain as bravely aufw^e^-ed,
that if ijoooo fedirions could be found in -Fr^^ff to- fubfcribe that
paper, he doubted not but that there were a million of Loyal :Sub-
yzik"^, who would be ready to encounter them, and oppbfe their ihfo-
iencies.
II. In this AlTembly it was ordered by the common confent, that
for re(5lifying of abufes amongft the Clergy, a meeting lliould beheld
of Divines and Prelates, in which thofe difcords mi^ht be remedied,
without innovating or difputiag in matters of Faith •, and that for
fetling the affairs of the Kingdom, an Aflembly of the three Eftates
fliould beheld at OrUance^ in the beginning of October-^ to which all
perfons interefted were required to come. All which the Hugonots
imputed to the confternation which they had brought upon the
Court by their former rifings, and the great fear which was con-
ceived of fome new infurredions, if all things were not regulated and
reformed according unto their de/ires. Which mifconceit: fo wrought
upDn the principal Leader?, that they refolved to make ufe of the
prefent fears, by feizing o\\ fuch Towns aind places of confequence,as
might enable tnem to defend both thcmfelves and their parties^ a-
gainO: all opponents. And to that end it was concluded, that the
King of Navar fliould feize upon all places in his way betwixt ^f4r»
zti^Orleance ; that the City of P^w fliould be feized on by the help
of the Marlhal o{ Mortmorencyxh^'D^ikf^'i Eldeft Son, who was Go-
vernour of ic •, that they Ihould affure themfelves of Picardy by the Lords
o[ Tcnepont and Botichavanne^ zndoi Brit. iin by the Duke of £/?4w^fy,
who was powerful in it •, that being thus fortified, well armed, and
bitter accompanied by i\\q Hugonots, whom they might prefume of, they
fhould force the AlTembly of the Eflates to depofe the Queen, re-
move the Guifes from the Government, declare the King to be in his mi-
nority rill he came to twenty two years of age, appoint the KingofiVrf-
JO d^#ifto?r office I^?e0l3^temn0» Lib.ii.
VAY the Conftable, and the Prince of Conde , for his Tutors and
Governours: which pradlice as it was confefsed by ^f^.j'aa ^^ U SaguCy
one of the Servants of the King of Nnvar^ who had been intercepted
in his journey to him 5 fo the confeflfion was confirmed by forae Letters
from theVifdame of C^^r^^w which he had about him. But this dif-
covery being kept fecret, the K«;^fl»eij having taken courage from the
firft confpiracy At Amhoife^ and the open profeffion of the Admiral,
began to raife fome new commotions in all parts of the Kingdom 5
and laying afidcall obedience and refpciSt of duty, not onely made
open refiftance againft the Magiftrates, but had diredly taken arms in
many places, and pradifcd to get into their hands fome principal
Towns, to which they might retire in all times of danger: Amongft
which none was more aimed at then the City o( Lyom^ a City of great
Wealth and Trading, and where great numbers of the people were in-
clined to C4/'z^i«j Dodrine, by reafon of their neer Neighbourhood to
Geneva, and the Pruteftant Cantons. Upon this Town the Prince of
Cendehad a plot, and was like to have carried ir, though in the end
it fell out contrary to his expedation •, which forced him to withdraw
himfelf to ^Mz-^j there to provide for the fecurityof himfelf and his
Brother.
12. But the King of iV/iT'^r, not being fo deeply interefted in thefe
late defit^ns, in which his name had been made ufe of half againft his
will, could not fo much diftruft himfelf and his perfonal fafety, as
not to put himfelf into a readinefs for his journey to Orkmce. To
which he could by no means perfwade the Prince, and was by him
much laboured not to go in perfon, till they were certified that the
Kinf^ was fending Forces to fetch them thence •, which could not be
without the wafting of the Country, and the betraying of themfelves
unto thofe fufpitions which otherwife they might hope to clear. No
fooner were they come to Orkmce^ but the Prince was arretted of high
Treafon, committed clofe Prifoner with a Guard upon him, the cog-
nizance of his caufe appointed unto certain Delegates , his Procefs
formed, and fentence of death pronounced againft him •, which que-
ftionlefs had been executed both on him and the King of Navar, who
was then alfo under a Guard, if the death of the young King had not
intervened on the fifth of December^ which put the Court into new
Counfcls, and preferved their lives. For the Queen wifely took in-
to confideration, that if thefe two Princes were deftroyed , there
could be no fit counterpoife for the Houfe of G»//e •, which poflibly
might thereby be tempted to revive the old pretenfions of the Houfe
of Lorrain-y as thedirecfl Heirs of Charles the Great. For which they
could not have a better opportunity, then they had at the prefent •,
the Eldeft of her three Sons not exceeding ten years of age, none
of them of a vigorous conftitution, and therefore the more likely
to want Friends in their greateft need. Upon thefe apprehenfions fbe
fends fecretly for the King of iV^r^r, and came at laft. to this agree-
ment, VIZ. that during the Minority of her fon King Charles the Ninth
the Queen-mother flaouldbe declared Regent, and the King of jvavar
Lord Lieutenant of France 5 all fupplications from the Provinces
to he made to the Lord-Lieutenant •, but all Arabaffadors and Letters
of
Lib, II. Cl)c i^taojt Of t^t ^tt^h^tttmi^. 5 i
of Negotiation from forein Princes to Be prefented to' rh'eC^eeV.Vthar
the. Prince oi Cor?de, the Vifdame o^ chartres, with all other Prifo-
ners of their pany to be fet at liberty, and the fcnteiifes of their co^fi-
demnations tobe fo declared null and void 5 that the Qaeeu-Re^e-'nt
fhould make ufe of her power and intcreft with the Gatholick King, for
reftoring to the King of Nav^tr the entire pofTeflfiyn of that Kirtg-
tlom, crattheleaft the Kingdom of Sardinia^ as a recompence for it.
And atlaftit wis alfo yielded, though' long firft, and publidied by
the Edi(ftof the zSof ^anvarj^ That the Mapfirates jhotild be ordered ta
re/cafe all Prifonen committed for matters of Religion/ and to Jlof any man-
ner of I. i qui fit ion /if pointed for that purpofe againfl any Per f on rvhatfo-
ever -, that they Jhould not fufer any dijputation in matters of Faith^
nor fermit particular Ferfo-iiS to revile one another with the Names
cf Herctick and Papl/l 5 hut that all (hould live together in peace^
Abflitining fnm u.Lnful Jfjemblics ^ or to raife Scandals or Sedi-
tion.
13. By this Edid the Doftrinrs of C-ilvin were firft counrenan-
cedin the Realm of France^ under the pretence of hindring the effu-
iionof more Chriftian blood: which carryed an appearance of mucH
Chriftianity, though in plain truth it was to be afcribed to the Queens
Ambition, who could devife no other way to prefcrve her Greatnefs,
and counterbalance the Authority of the Houfe of Guife, But the
i/«^(;/?t/^ not being content with a bare connivance, refolved to drive'
it on to a Toleration •, and to drive it on in fuch a manner, and by
fuch means only by which they had extorted (as they thought) thefe
firft conceflions. . For thinking the Qieen-Regent not to be in a conl
dition lo deny them any thing, much lefs to call them into queftion-
for their future Adings, they prefently fell upon the open exercife of
their own Religion, and every where exceedingly incrcafed both in
power and numbers. In confidence whereof, by publick AfTemblies,
infolent Speeches, and other adts the like unpleafing, they incurred the
hatred and difdainof the Gatholick party ^ which put all places in-
to tumult, and filled all the Provinces of the Kin^dora with feditious
rumours : fo that contrary to the intention of thofe that gover-
ned, and contrary to the common opinion, the remedy applyed to main-
tain the State and preferve peace and concord in the Kings Minority,
fell out to be dangerous and deftrudtive, and upon the matter occa-
fioned all thofe dilTentions which they hoped by fo much carfe to havei.
prevented. For as the Cardinal informed the Council, the Hiigonots
were gr.nvn by this connivance to fo great a height, that the Priefts
were not fuffered to celebrate their daily Sacrifices, or to make ufe of
their own Pulpits •, that the Magiftrates were no longer obeyed in
their jurifdidions-, and that all places raged with difcords, burnings
and (laughters, through the peeviilinefs and prefumption of' thole,
whoalfumed to themfelves a liberty of teaching and believing whatfover
rhey lifted. Upon which points he fo enlarged himfelf with~^ his wonted
eloquence, that neither the King of iV.^^'rfr, nor any other of that par-
■ly ci^uld make anv reply. And the Queen-Mother alfo being filent
init, it was unanimoufly voted by the Lords of the Council, that all
the Officers of the Crown fliould affemble at the Parliament of Paris on
H2 the
5*
Cl^t "^iHm ct ^ W^txttmn^, Xib. ii.
the thirteenth of ^uly., there to debate in the Kings prefencc of all thefe
particulars, and to relblve upon fuch remedies as wer? n-ceffary for the
future. At wKichtime it was by general confent erxprefly. ordered,
upon complaint made of the infurreclion of the Hugonots in To many pla-
ces that all the Mifiifters Ihould forthwith be expelled the Kingdom 5
that no manner of perfon fliould from thenceforth ufe any other Rites
or Ceremonies in Religion, that were not held and taught by the
Church of Rome -, and that all Affemblies of men armed or unarm-
ed Ihould be interdidled , except it were of Catholicks in Catho-
lick Churches,, for Divine performances according to the uiual
Cuftom. . -^/'^ •,, v■il.^:>; ■ \
14. The Adtjiiral and the Prince of Co«^i? finding tfiemfelves unable
to errors this ^4^, refolved upon another courfe to advance their par-
ty, and to that end encouraged the Calvinmn Minifttrs to petition for
a Diiputatioa in the Kings prefence, to be held between thtm and the
Adverfarics of their Religion. Which Difputation being propounded,
was oppofed by the Cardmal ofJlp/zr/ifl/;, .upsn a juft confideration of
thofe inconveniencies which might follow on it ; the rather, in regard
of the General Council then convened at Trcnt^ where they might
fafely both propofe and difpute their Opinions. But on the other lide
the Cardinal of Lonain^ being willing to imbrace the occafi. n for ma-
JtiQcra general MuA'^r'^f his own Abilities, his fubtilty in Divinity,
and his Art of fpeaking, prevailed fo far upon the reft, that the fiiic
was granted, and a Conference thereupon anpointed to be lield at
PoVy^^V, en the tenth day of Jugufi i') 6 1 . At wh ch time there aflera-
ble.d for the Catho'ick party, the Cardinals of Toumo»^ Lorraw^
:Bou'ybon.j Armngmc and Cui(i^ with many B; (hops and l^relates of
great'ft eminency, fome Doctors of the Sorbon^ and many great Di-^
vines from the Unlverlities. The Difputants authorized for the o-
ther fide were of like eftetm amongfi: thofe of their own party and
perfwafions ^ as namely^ Theodore Bez>a., Peter Mdrtjr^ Francis de St. Prf«/,
^ohrt jRamond-y and fohn Fizelle, with many other Minifters from Gf-
nevA^ Germany-, and others of the Neighbouring Countries. But the
refalt.of all was this, as commcaily it happeneth on the like occafi-
ons, that both parties challenged to themfdves the Vidlory in it, and
both indeed were vidtors in fome refpeds. For the King of Navar ■
appeared much unfatisfied by noting the differences of the Minifters
arrongft th mfelves, fome of them adhering to the Aiigujime, and
others to xhtHelvetim Con^tSxon., in fome points of Dodrine-, which-
made him afterwards more cordial to the intercft of the Church of
Rome, notwithftanding all the arg.umencs and infinuations ufed by his
- Wife, a moft zealous Hugofsot^ to withdraw him from it. But the Hu-
jonots gave out on the other fide, that they had made good their Do-
'drines, convinced the Catholick Dodors, confounded the Cardinal
o^ Lor ruin ^ aad gotten Licenfe from the King to Preach, Which gave
fuch coura?e to the reft of that Fadion, that they began of their own
Authority to afTemblethemfelvesin fuch places as they thought moft
convenient, and their Miniftersto. preach in publick. and their Preach-
ings followed and frequented by fuch infinite multitudes, as well of the
Nobility as the common People, that it was thought impoffible to
fupprefs,
Lib.ii. ®t;e mfto^v of t^e ^imttmrntk
53
fupprefs, and dangerous to difturb their Meetings. For fo ic was
that if either the Magiftrates mokfled them in their Con^reoatiorrs'
or the Catholicks attempted to drive them out of their^ Temples"
without refpedto any Authority they'put themfelves into Arms- and
in the middle of a full Peace, was made a ftiew of a moft terrible' and
deftrudive War.
15. This being obfcrved'by thofe which fate at the Helme, and
finding that thefe tempefts were occafioned by the Edidt of^^aV [^
was refolved to fteer their courfe by another wind. For the Queen
being fetled in this Maxirae of State, That flie was not to fuffer one
Fadtiontodeftroy the other, for fear {he fhould ranain a prey to the
Vidor, not onely gave order for conventing all the Parliaments to a
Common-Council, but earneftly follicited fora Paciiicadon • whicii
gave beginning to the hmons E6i£t of January. ^ whereby k w, s ^ran-
ted that the Hugonots lliould have the Free exercil'e of their R<?[ir.-iori.-
that they might affemble to hearing of Sermons in any open "pi.'';,^
without their Cities, but on condition that they went unarmed, ^hli
that the Officers of the place were there alfo pre feat. \Nh.iC:, Edid
fo offended the chief Heads of the Catholick party, that a fb/i^
combination and confederacy was concluded on between the K'm^%f
Navar^ the Conftable, and the Duke of Guife^ for maintenance of^the
Religion of the Church of Rome. And this reduced the Queen-Re-
gent to the like necefTiry of making a flrift union with the Admifal
and th- Prince of OWf, whereby flic was affured of the power, of
the Hugonots^ and they became as confident of her Protedion. In
which condition they were able to form their Churches, to call: them
into Provinces, Clafles, and other fubdivifions of a lefs capacity ; to
fettle in them their Presbyteries and Synodical Meetings, grounded' ac-
cording to their Rules of Cdvins Platforip, in Docftrine, Difcipline
and Worihip. The Forms whereof being defcribed at larf'e in the
former book, maythere befound without the troubleof a repetition.
In fo much that it was certified to the Fathers in the Council of Trent
that the /"rfwA //Af^o/?o^j were at that time diftributed into two thou-
fand one hundred and fifty Churches, each of them, furnifhed with
their proper and peculiar Preachers, according to a jufl: computation
which Was taken of them : which computation was then made, to
fatisfie the Queen-Regent in the ftrength of that party, for which fee
could not otherwife declare her felf, unlefsfhe were firft made acquain-
ted with their power and numbers. But being fatisfied in thofe points,
flie began to fliew her felf much inclined to Cah'mjfm^ oave ear unto
the Difcourfesof theMiniftersinher private Chamber, conferred fa-
miliarly with the Prince, the Admiral, and many others in matters
which concerned their Churches 5 and finally, fo difguifed her felf,
that the Pope was notable to difcover at what port (lie aimed. Fdr
fometimes flie would write unto him forfuch a Council as by theC^Z-
vinians w-x-i defired, at other times for a national one to be held in
France •, fo-netimes defiring that the Communion might be admini-
ftred under both kinds, otherwhile requiring a Difpcnfation for Priefts
to Marry •, nowfolliciting that Divine Service might be faid in the vul-
gar tongue, then propofing fuch other like things as were widied and
preach-
54 ^^e I^iftoj^ of t^e ^2£!3l}f tenants. Lib. ii
preached for by the Hitgonots. By which diffimuhrions (lie amufed
the World, but s^ave withal fo many notable advantages to the re-
formation, that next to God ihe was the principal promoter and advan-
cer of it ^ thongh this prolperity proved the caufe of thofe many mife-
ries which afterwards cnfufd upon it.
i6. For by this means the Preachers having 'free accefs into thp
Court, became exceedingly refpeded in the Cityof P/(W, wherein
fhort time their followers did increafe tofogr^aca multitude, as ppc
the prince of CtT^i^/t' into fuch a confidence, that he afiuraed unto him-
felf the manageryof al great affairs : Which courfe fo vifibly tended
to the diminution of the King of Navar^ that he refolved by ftrong
hand to remove him. from Paris. And to that end, dire(5led both his
M^fTages and his Letters to the Duke of Guife^ to cqme in ro help him.
'The Duke was then at ^dinviUe in the Proviiice o'i chamfaione^ and hap-
pfnedinhis way upon a Village called r»?|/'g. where the Hugonots wzit
afiembled in great numbers to hear a Sermon. A fcuffle unhappily is
begun between fome of the Dukes Fo.'iti.nen, and not u fev/ of the
more unadvifed and adventurous //«^<?«(^/-''' : which the Duke c miing
to part, was Iiit with a blow of a ftone upcm one of his Cheeks, whicn
forced him Avith the lofs of fome blood to retire again. Provoked
with which indignity, his followers, being two Companies of Lances,
charae in upon them with their Fire-locks, kill hxty of them in the
place, and force the rcfl for prefervation of their lives into feveral
houfcs. This accident is by the Hugo/icts o^w^noniio be a matter of
defign 5 the execution done upon thofe fixty perfons, rauft be called a
MafT^cre 5 and in revenge thereof the Kingdom fliall be filled with
Blood .-md Kapine, Altars and Images defaced, Monafteries ruined
and pulled down, and Churches bruitiilily polluted. The Qacen had
fo long juggled between both parties, that now it was not fafe for
her to declare for either. Upon which ground llie removed the Court
to Fountain- hie Au^ and |eft them to play their own Games, as the Dice
fliould run : The prefence of the King was looked upon as a matter of
great importance, and either party laboured to get him into their pow-
er. The City of OrlcAnce more efpecially was aimed at by the Prince
of Condc:, as lying in the heart of the Kingdom, rich, large and popu-
lous, fufficiently inclined to novelty and innovations •, and therefore
thought the fitteft Stage for his future Aaings. Being thus refolved,
he firfl fends D'Andelot with fome Forces to poffpfs the Town, and pofls
himfelf towards Fonntatn-Ble.w\v\i\\ three rhoufand Horfe. But the
Catholick Confederates had be^n there before him, and brought the
King off fafely to his City of Paris : which being fignified to the Prince
as he was on his way, he diverts tow irds Or/V^wf ^ and came thither in
aluckie hour to relieve his friends: which having feized upon one of
the Gates, and thereby got pofstfTion of that part of the City, was in
apparent danger to be utterly broken by the Catholick party, if the
P:ince had not come fo opportunely to renew the fight : but by his
coming they prevailed, made themfelves Maflers of the City, and
handlelled their new Government with the fpoil of all the Churches
and Religious Houfes, which either they defaced, or laid wafte and de-
folate. Amongft which none was ufed more courfely then the Church
of
Lib. II. ^fit^iUivot^tp0ti^tztia0, " 55
,of St. Croffe, being the Cathedral of that City 5 not fo jttiuch out ehf
a diflike to all Cathedrals (though that ha,d been fufficjient to expofe
it unto Spoil and Rapiae ) as out of hatred to the name. Uppi)
-which furious piece of Zeal, they aftervvards dcftroyed all the litt]^
Crofses which they found in the way between Mofit Martyr and S,f .
Denis, firft raifed in memory of Denis the iirft Bifliop of Parii., ,^^
one that pafseth in account for the chief Apollle of tl\e .Gdlid Hn^
tioiis.
17. But to proceed: to put fome fair coiourupon this foul adtion,
a ;»/4»//>/?is writ and publiflied 5 in which the P^rince and his adhcr
rents fignifie to all whom it might conceju, that they had taken amis
for no other reafon, but to reftore the King and Queen to their perfo-
nal liberty, kept Prifonersby the power and pra(ajce of the CaihoUclL
Lords-, that obedience might be rendred in all places to his Male-
flies Edids, which by the violence of fome men had been infrineed,5
and therefore that they were willing to lay down Arms,if the Confta-
ble, the Duke of (7»//f, and the Marlballof St. Andrems fliould retire
from P4r*f, leaving the King and Queen to their own difpofing ; and
that liberty of Religion might be equally tolerated and maintained
unto all alike. Thefe falfe Colours were wiped off by a like Remon-
ftrancemadeby the Parliament of P^jw : In which it was declared a-
mongft other things, that the Hugonots had firft broke thofe EdiiSs
by going armed to their Affemblies, and without an Officer : That
they had no pretence to excufe themfelves from the crime of Rebelli-
on, confidering they had openly feized on many Towns^ raifed Soul-
diers, affumed the Munition of the Kingdom, call many pieces of Ord-
nance and Artillery, affumed unto themfelves the Coyningof Mony;
and in a word, that they have wafted a great part of the publick
Revenues, robbed all the rich Churches within their power, and de-
ftroyed the reft, to the didionour of God, the fcandal of Religion, and
the impoveriiliing of the Realm. The like anfwer was made alfo by
the Conftable and the Duke of Gui^e in their own behalf, .declaring in
the fame, that they were willing to retire, and. put themfelves into
voluntary exile, upon condition that the Arms taken up againft the
Kingmi^ht be quire laid down, the places kept againft him delive-
red up, the Churches which were ruined reftored again, the Catho-
lick Religion honourably preferved, and an intire obedience rendred
to the lawful King, under theGovernment of the King of iV4^'4r, and
the Regency of the Queen his Mother. Nor were the King and
Queen wanting to make up the breach, by publiftiing that they were
free from all reftraint, and that the Catholick Lords had but done
their duty in waiting on them into Vxris -, that fince the Catholick:
Lords were willing to retire from Court, the Prince of Conie had no
reafon to remain at that diftance ; that therefore he and his adherents
ought to put themfelves, together with the places which they had pof-
feffed, into the obedience of the King -, which if they did, they Ihould
not only have their feveral and refpedive Pardons for all matters paft,
but be from thenceforth looked upon as his Loyal Subjects, without the
leaft diminution of State or Honour.
18. Thefe Paper pellets being thus fpent, both fides prepare
morfe
5 6 C]^el^illo?¥oft]^1^>ej5lJ^tet(anj5. Lib. if.
m. *^
more furioully to charge each other. But firft the Prince of Conde,
by the aid of the i/w^^^w/J, makes himfelfMafter of the great Towns
and Cities 6f chief importance •, fuchaswere if<7«f«, the Farliamenta-
ry City of the Dukedom of Normmdj •, the Ports of Diefe and Nerv-ha.
'ven -y the Cities of Angicrs^Tovres^Bloife, Fendojme^ Bourses and ?«/"-
^krs 5 which laft were reckoned for the greateft of all the Kingdom,
except J?(!«f» and Faris-^ after which followed the rich City of Xjo«/,
with that oiVnUnce in the Province o( Daulphiny, together with ahxioU
all the ftrons places in Gufcoigfie a.nd Languedock^ Provinces in a man-
ner wholly k go?t0i, except T/Wi/z/e, Beurdeaitx^ and perhaps Tome o-
•the?S' -But becaufe neither the Contributions which came in from the
HiH'dnofs^ though they were very large, nor the fpoil and pillage of
tliole Cities which they took by force, were of themfelvcs fuflicient to
maintainihe War 5 the Prince ot CoWf caufed all the Gold and Sil-
ver in the Churches to be brought unto him, which he coyned int3
Moay. They made proviilon of all manner of ArtilLry and Ammu-
nition which they took from moftof the Towns, and laid up in Oiie-
ance, turning t e Covent of F r am ifcans into a Magazine, and there dif-
pofiog all their (lores with great art and induftry. The ^ath-ilicks
on the other lide drew their Tt^ces together, conlircing of 4000 Horie
and fix thoufand Foot, moft. of them old experienced Souldiers, 'and
• trained up in the Waragainfl C^^ir/a the Fifth. The Prince had rai-
fed an Army of an equal number, that is to fay, thr.;e thoufand Horfe,
and feven thoufand Foot ^ but, for the raoft part, raw and young
Sooldiers, and fuch as fcarcely knew how to fland to their Arms:
Andyetw'th thtfe weak forces he was grown fo jiigh, that nothing
wojidcontent him. but the banifliment of the Conftable, the Cardinal
of Lorratn^ and the Duke of Gutfe •, free liberty for the Hugonols to
meet together for the Exercife of their Religion in walled TovvnS";
Cities and Churches to be publickly appointed for them-, the holding
of the Towns which he was prefcntly poffelfed of as their abfolutc
Lord, till tlie King were out of his Minority, 'which v/as to laft till he
came to the age of two and twenty. He required alfo that the Popes
Legate fliould be prefently commanded to leave the Kingdom : that
the Hugonots fliould be capable of all Honours and Offices : and
finally, that fecurity flioald be given by the Emperour, the Catho-
lick King, the Queen of EngLnd^ the State of Venice, the Duke of
Siivoy^ and the Republick of the Switzers, bv which they were to
Hand obliged, tha^ neither the Conftablenor the Duke of 6*//f lliould
xci\xn\mio France^ till the King was come unto the age before reraem-
bred.
19. Thefe violent demands fo incenfed all thofe which had the Go-
vernment of the State, that the Prince and his Adherents were pro-,
claimed Traytors, and as fuch to be profecuted in a courfeof Law, if
thev laid rot down their Arms by a day appointed. Which did as
little benefit them, as the propofals of the Prince had pleafed the others.
For thereupon the Hugonots united themfelves more ftridtlyint^ a con-
> federacy to deliver the King, the Qaeen, the Kingdom, from the vio-
lence of their oppofers, to ftand to one another in the defence of the E-
dids, and altogether to fubmit to the Authority of th; Prince of Co;?J^,
as
Lib. II, c^e li'ftojt of ti^ t^iesJbttwtani
57
as the head of their Union : publifHing a tedious Declaration with their
wonted confidence , t uehitig the motives which induced them to this
Cbitibination; This more eftranged the Qaeea frOm them then fhe
Tvasaifirft; andnowflie is refolved tobre^k them byfome means or
othef , but rather to attempt it by Wit then by Force of Arms : And
to this end fhe deals fo dexteroufly with the Conftable and the Duke of
Cuifey that {he prevailed with them to leave the Court , and to pre-
fer the common fafety of their Countrey before tlieir own particular
and perfonal grearnefs ; which being figtiified by Letters to the Prince
o{ Co/Je , he frankly ofFefed Oilder his hand, that whenfoev;r thefe
great Adverfaries of his were retired froiti the Court (which he con-
cTlv:damatterof impoffibility to perfwade them toj he would nbt
crtely lay down Arms , but quit the Kingdom. But underftanding
that fhe Conflable and the Duke had really withdrawn themfelvesto
their Countrcy-houfes , devefted of all power both in Court and Coun-
cil, he flood confounded at the unadvifednefs and precipitation of fo'
radi a promife as he had made unto the Queen. For it appeared difho-
nornble to him not to keep his word , HTore dangerous to relinquifh
His command in the Army , but mofldeflruftive to himfelfand his
party to diffolve their Forces, and put himfelf into a voluntary exile,
not knowinj^ whither to retreat. At which dead lift he is refrelTied by
fomeofhis C^Z-y/^/^/z Preachers with a cordial comfort. By which
learned Cafuifls it was refolved for good Divinity , that the Prince^
having undertaken the maintenance of thole who had imbraced the pu-
rity of Religion , and made hirafelf by O.ith Proteftor of the Word of
God, no following obligation could be of force tD make him violate
the firfl. In which determining of the cafe, they feemed to have been
guidedby that Note in the Englilh Bibles, Tranflated and Printed at
Geneva, where in the Margine to the fecond Chapter of Saint Matthews
Gofpel, it is thus advertifed : I'iz. thut fremife vught not to be kept , when
Gods honour and the V reach ng of the Truth ishindred ^ er elfe it ought not to he
broken. They added, to make fure work of it (at the leaftthey thouc^ht
foj that the Oueen had broken a form.r promife to the Prince , in not
bringing the King over to his party, asihe once affured him ^ and
therefore that he was not bound to keep faith with her , who had broke
her own.
' 20. But this Divinity did not feem fufficient to preferve his honour •
another temperament wa^ found by fome wifer heads , by which he
might both keep his promife , and not leave his Army. By whofe
advice it was refolved , that he fliould put himfelf into the power of the
Queen , who was come within fix Miles of him with a fmall retinue,
onely of purpofe toreceivcFnin -, that having done his duty to her, he
fhould exprefs his readinefs to forfake the Kingdom, asfoonas fome
Accord was fettled •, and that the Admiral D'Anddot, and fome other
of the principal Leaders , fhould on the fudden fhcw themlclves", for-
cibly mount him on his Horfe , and bring him back into the Army,
Which Lay-device , whether it had more cunning or lefs honefty then
that of the Cabal of Divines, it is hard to fay: But fure it is, that
it was put in execution accordingly -, the Queen thereby deluded , and
all the hopes of Peace and Accommodation made void and fraftrate.
I But
58 C^l^tftoj^pft]^1&je0l)ttemiJ0* Uh.iii
But then a greater difficulty feized upon theiji. The JCing had re-in-
forced his Army by the acceffiojppf ten Comets of German, Hoti'e^ aqd
fix thoufand^ivi^-zit Th^ Princes Army rather diniini{h.?d then hi-^
created, and which was worfe, he wanted Monyto maintain thple
Forces which he had about him-, fo that being neither able to keep,
the field for want of men, nor keep his men together for want of Mony>,,
i^ was refolved that he rauft keep his men upon free-quarter in (nclL^
Towns and Cities,; as followed the Fortune of his lide, till he was fei^i
conded by fonpe ftrength from England^ or their Frieuds ,in Gcrmmj,'.
The Queen of ^/?g"/4W had been dealt with 5 but (lie rVfolved not to''
engage on their behalf, excepf.the Port of BAvre- de-grace., t<?.gether with
the Town of Die^e were put into her hands, and that (he might have
leave to put ^ Garrifonof Englidi into Romn it felf. Which Pro-
p.o,ficion fe^qsie4 no other to moil knowing men, then in effcift to p4t
into her power the whole Dukedom of Nlrtnandj., by giving her pof'
feflionof the principal City, and hanging at her Girdle the two Keys
of her Province, by which (lie might enter wheafhe plea fed with all
the reft of her Forces. Bac.the^the Min;i1ers being advifed with,
\yhp in all publick Confultations were of great AuchoritVj elpccially.
■when th^y related unto Catps of Confcience •, it was by them, decla-
red, for found Do6lrine, That no confideration was to be had qS,.
^Yorldly things, when the maintenance of CoelelKal Truths, and t]?jer
propagation of the Gofpel was brought in quei^on •, and therefor?
that all other things were to be qontemned, in reference to the eftabli-,
ftin\ent of true Religion, and the freedom of Confcience. According,
to which rotable determination, the Senefchal of iJc^ir;?, and the young.
Yifdame of c/iJrn:a aredifpatched to EngLnd:, with whom it wasac-^
corded, by the Queens Commiflioners, that the Queen fliould prefently
fu.pply the Prince and his Confederates with Monies, Arms and Am-
munition-, that the fliould aid him with an Army of eight thoufand
^^pot, to be maintained at her own pay> for defence of Normmi% and,
that for her fecu,rity, in the, way ot caution, the Town of Nerv-mven^^
(which the French call Havre -de- grace ^ as is before faid){l>ould be fort(k-
Avith put into her hands, under a Governpur or Coqi^ander of thjS;
£«Wz/J Nation 5 that flie fliould place a Garrifon of twothoufand Eng-
///^ in the City of i?w/f«3 and a proportionable number in the Town of
Diepe -, but the chief Govcrnours of each to be natural Eremh. Which
Covenants were accordingly performed onboth fides, to the difhonour
of the French., and the great damage and reproach of the Realm of
England., as it after proved. For fo it was, that the Prince of Conde
htin<3 forced to difperfe his Souldiers, and to difpofe of them infiich,
manner as before was noted, the King beiqgjMafler of the Field, carry..
ed the war from Town to Town, and from place to place •, and in that
courfe he fpeeds fo well, as to take in the Cities oiAngierSy Tears., Bloife,
Poitiers, and Bourges^ with divers others of lefs note-, forae of which
were furrendred upon compofition, fome taken by affault, and expofed,
to fpoil. And now all paflages. being cleared, and all rubs removed, they
were upon the point of laying Siege to the City ofOr/c/z«C(r, when at the
Queens earneft, f^llicitation, they changed that purpofe fpr the
more profitable expedition to the King and Kingdome. mrrmn-
Lib.ii. CJije l$imv of ^W^tttztiam. 1^
//y was In nofmall danger of being wilfully betrayed into the hands of
the E}?glijh, who therefore were to be removc-dj or a;t the Jeaft robe
expuHed out oi Rouen before the Kings Army was confumed in Adions
of inferiour confequence. The illue of which War was this. That
though the £»^/.://; did brave fervice for defence of the Ciry, and made
many gallant attempts for relief thereof by their men and fliipping from
New-haven 1, yttinthe end the Town was taken by aflauk, and for
two days together made a prey to the Souldiers. The joy of the Roy-
aliftsfor therrdud.on of this great City to the Kings obedience, was
much abated by the death of the King of Navar, who had unfortunate-
ly received his deaths wound in the heat of the Seige, and dyed in the
forty fourth year of his age, leaving behind him a young Son called Hen-
ry, who afterward fucceeded in the Crown of France, And on the con-
trary, the forrow for this double lofs was much diminifhed in the
Prince of Co>.de and the relt of his party, by the feafonable coming of
four thouland Horfe and five thou fand Foot, y/hkh Mofi/ieny d'Anaelol
with great induftry had raifed in Germany, and with as great courage and
good fortune had conduced fafely to the Prince. ^
zi. By theacceflion of thefe Forces, xheHugonots are incouraged to
attempt the furprizing -ifP/rm; from which they were difTwadcd by
the Admiral, but eagerly inflamed to that undertaking by the continu-
al importunity of fuch Preachers as they hadabout them. Repulfed
from which with lofs both of time and honour they were encountred in a
fet bntcel near the City of Dm/AT, in the neighbouring Province of Z^
Beaufje. In which battel tficir whole Army was overthrown, and the
PiinceofC^a^^ taken prifoncrj but his captivity fweetned by the like
misfortune which befel theConftabie, took prifoner in the fame bat-
tel by the hands of the Admiral; who having drawn together the re-
mainder of his broken Army, retires towards Orle^nce, and leavino-
there his Brother D'.'fWdc^ with the Foot to make good that Ciry^
takes with him all the German Horfe, and fo goes for Normandy, thtxt
to receive fuch Monies as were feat from England. But the monies not
coming at the time, by reafon of crofs winds and tempeftuous weather
the Germans are permitted to fpoil and plunder in all the parts of the
Country, not fparing places either Profane or Sacred, and reckonino-
no diftindion either betwixt Friends or Enemies. But in (hort time the
Seas grew paflfable, and the Monies came (an hundred and fifty thoufand
Crowns according to the French) together witii fv)urreen pieces of Ca-
non, and a proportionable ftock of Ammunition •, by which fupply the
Germans were not onely well paid for fpoiling the Country, but the
Admiral was thereby inabled to do fome good fervice, from which he
ha--' been hindred for wantof Canon. In the mean time the Duke of
Guife had laid Siege to Orleance, and had reduced it in a manner to
terms of yeilding, where he was villanoufly murdrci by one pdtrot, a
Gentleman of a good Family and a ready Wit -, who having lived ma-
ny years in Sfain, and afterwards imbracing the Calvinian "Do(arines,
grew into great efteem with BezaznAxhe reft of the Confiftorians, by
whom it was thought fit to execute any great Attempt. By whom
commended to the Admiral , and by the Admiral excited to a
I^' work
60 Vcfi f tftoj^ Of ^ i^je^bf tettansJ. Lib. il
work of fo much merit, he puts himfelf without much fcruple on the
undertakin<^ •, entreth on the Kings fervice, and by degrees became
well known unto the Duke. Into whofe favour he fo far infiauaced,
that he could have accefs to him whenfoever he pleafed 5 and having
gained a fit opportunity to effed his purpofe, difpatched him by the fhot
of a Maskct laden with no fewer then three bullets, in the way to his
lodgiag.
23. This murder was committed on Ttb. 24. m. 1562. and being
put to the Rack, he on the Rack confefled upon what incentives he
had done the fad. But more particularly he averred, that by theAd-
mirall he was promifed great rewards, and that he was aflured by Be-
Z.A. that by taking out of the world facha great perfccutor of the Gof-
pel, he could not but exceedingly merit at the hands of Almighty
God. And though both Bezumi the Admiral endeavoured by their
Manifefts and Declarations to wipe off this flain -, yet the confeflion of
the murtherer, who could have no other ends in itthentofpeak hiscon-
fcience, left moft men better fatisfitd in it, then by both their writings.
But as it is an ill wind which blows nobody good, fo the Affalfinate of
this great perfon, though very grievous to his friends, ferved for an In-
trodudtion to the peace cnfuing. For he being takenoutof the way,
the Admiral engaged in Norm&ndy^ the Conflable Prifoner in the City,
and the Prince of CW^ in the Camp: it was no hard matter for the
Queen to conclude a peace upon fuch terms, as might be equal to all
parties. By which accord it was concluded, that allthat were free
Barons in the Lands and Caftles which they were pofstjfsei of, or held
them of no other Lord then the King himfelf, might freely exercife
the Reformed Religion in their own ^urifdidions •, and that the other
which had not fuch Dominions might doe the fame in their own Hou-
fes and Families only, provided that they did not the fame in Towns
and Cities: that in every Province certain Cities fhould be afligned, la
the Suburbs whereof the Augonots might have the free exercife of their
Religion: that in the City of P^jm, and in all other Towns and places
wharfoever, where the Court rdided, no other Religion fhould be ex-
ercifed but the Roman Catholick: though in thofe Cities every mart
might privately enjoy his confcience without moleftation: that thof^
ofthe Reformed Religion fhould obferve the Holy Days appointed ift
the Roman Kalendar, and in their Marriages the Rites and Conftitu-
tionsof the Civil Law 5 and finally, that a general pardon fhould be
granted to all manner ofperfons, withafullreftitution to tkeir Lands
and Liberties, their Honours, Offices and Eflates. Which moderation
or reftridtionofthe Ediftof ^anHary^6\A muchdifpleafefome zealous
Hugomts, but their Preachers moft •, who as they loved to exercife their
gifts in the greatefl Auditories, fo they abominated nothing more then
thofe obfcrvances.
ij^j. 24. After this followed the redudion of JWa'-Z^^w/? to the Crown
of France^ and the expulfion of the Englijh oni o{ Norm.wdj •, the Prince
of 0»</^, and fome other leading men of the Hugonot fadion, contri-
buting both their prefence and alfiftance to it •, which had not been
fo cafily done, had not God fought more againfl the Englijh, then the
whole FreiKh Armies: for bycrofs winds it di<l not only hinder all
fupplyes
Lib.ii. ci^ "s^imv of m m^mtztim^, ^i
fupplyesfrom coming to them, till the furrendry of the Town • but
haftened the furrender by a grievous Peftilence, which had cxtreamly
wafted them in refped of number, and miferably dejcAed them in
point of courage. And yet the anger of God did not ftay here nei-
ther, that Plague being carried into ^^g'/^/zii/at the return ol'the Soldi-
ers, which raged extreamly both in Lo»do» and moft parts of the Realm
beyond the precedent and example of former ages. It was on the 17
of ^uly, An. 1553, that Nerv-haven was yielded to the French., that be-
ing the laft day of the firll war which was raifed by the Hugonots^ and
railed by them on no other ground, but for extorting the free exercife
of their Religion by force of Arms, according to the dodrine and
example of the Mother- City. In the purfuit whereof, they did not
only withtheir own hands ruinate and deface the beauty of their na-
tive Country, but gave it over for a prey to the luft of Strangers,
The calling in of the ingh^ to fupport their faftion, whom they
knew well to be the antient enemies of the Crown of FrAnce and
putting into their hands the chief ftrength o'l Normdndy , of whofe pre-
tenfionstothat Dukedom they could not be ignorant ; were two fuch
anions of a difloyal impolitick nature, as no pretence of zeal to that
which they called the Gofpel, could either qnaiifie or excufe. Nor
was the bringing in of fo many thoufand German Souldicrs of much
better condition, who though they could pretend no title to the Crown
c>{ France^ nor to any particular Province in it, were otherwife more
deftrudivc to the peace of that Country, and created far more mif-
chief to the people of it, then all the forces of the Englijh'^ for being
to be maintained on the pay of the Hugonots., and the Hitgonots not be-
ing able to fatisfie their exorbitant Arrears, they were fuffered to
"waftethe Country in all parts where they came, and to expofe the
whole Kingdom, from the very borders of it toward Gerntamy to the
Englt(h Chanell, unto fpoyle and rapine 5 fo that between the i/»eo-
JBO/-J themfelves on the one fide, and xh^h German Souldiers on the o-
ther,^ there was nothing to be feen in moft parts of theKint^doni^but
the deftruftion of Churches the profanation of Altars, thedlfacingof
Images, the demolifliing of Monafteries, the burning of Religious Hau-
fes, and even the digging up of the bones of the dead, defpitefully
thrown about the fields and unhallowed places.
25. Butthis firft fire was only raked up in the Embers, not fo ex- 1555:
tinguiflied by the Articles of the late agreement, but that it broke out
{hortly into open flames -, for the -W»f<?;?tf?iprefTing hard for the perfor-
mance of the Edi(5l oi January., and the Romanijls as earneftly infiftintr on
fome claufes of the pacificatisn •, the whole Realm was filled in a n?an-
nfr with fuch fears and jealoufies, ascarryed fome refemblance of a
War in the midft of Peace. Tiie Hugonots had fome thoughts of fur-
prifing £;»«;»/, but the Plot mifcarryed . they pradifed alfo'^upon Nar-
hunnt^, a chief City of Languedock, and openly attempted the Popes
Town of Avignion •, but were prevented in the one, and fupprefled
in the other. A greater diffidence was raifed againft them by the
anfeafonable Zeal of the Qiieen of Na^•ar, who not content with
fetling the reformed Religion in the Country o( Berne, when fhe was
abfolute and fuprcme, Cutfcred the Catholicks to be infefted in her own
Pro-
'^2 Cl^e ^iiim of tl^e ^yi^htttxim^. Lib. ii.
Provinces which (lie held immediately of the Crown •, infomuch that
at Fam:ers the chief City of the Earldom of Foix^ the Httgonots takii.g
offence at a folemn Procefliiu held upon Corpu chnfii day, betook
themfelves prcfently to Arms •, and falling upun tliofe whom they found
unarmed, not onely made a great {laughter amongft the Church-men
but in the heat of the fame fury burnt down th^ir Houfcs. Which
outrage being fuffered to paCs unpuuilbed,^g3ve b: th encouragement and
example to fome furious Zealots to commit the like in other places,
as namely at Montabun^ Cttlien^ Lodez, Preieux, Vakme^ &c. being all fci-
tuate in thofe Provinces in which the Hugonots were predominant for
power and number. But that which moft alarmed the Court, was a
feditious Pamphlet, publifhed by a Native of Orleance •, in which it
was maintained (according to the Cdvinixn Dodrines) that the people
of Frdnce were abfoived from their Allegiance to the King then Reign-
ing, becaufehe was turned an Idolat.r. In which reaion it is lawfull
alio to kill him, as opportunity lliould be offered. Which Doftrine
beinf^ very asjr-eable unto fome defigns which w-re then everywhere
inacfitation amongft th^ Hugonots^ was afterward made ufe of for the
jurtifylng of the following Wars, whin the opinion giew more geni^ral,
andmoreopenlv maintained both from Prefs and Pulpit.
1567. 26. The Catholicks on the other fide began to put themfelves into
apoftureof Arms, without fo much as taking notice of mifdemeanors;
which they feemtd willing to connive at, not fo much out of any incli-
nations which they had in themfelves, but becaufe they found it not
a^^reeable to the will of the Court, where fuch dififimulation, were e-
fteemed the beft arts of Government. The Catholick King had fenc
the Duke of J Iva wkh a puiffant Army, to reduce the Low Coun-
tries to obedience, where the C4/'i'i;??4.f had committed as great fpoils
and rapines as any where in /"/-rf^cf or .Sctf//^/*^. This Army being to
pafsin a long march near the Borders of Frame, gave a juft colour to
tbeKing toarm himfelf •, for fear left otherwife the SfAhiards might
forget fTieir errand, and fall with all their Forces into his Dominions.
To this end he gives order for a Levy of fix thoufand Smtz, which he
caufedtobe conduced through the heart of the Kingdom, and quar-
tered them in the Ifle o{ France, as if they were to ferve to a Guard for
Paris, far enough off from any of thofe parts and Provinces by Avhich
the 5/'4;;/4r<!/^ were topafs. But this gave a jealoufie to the heads of
the Hugonots, that they reforted to C'ajlillion to confult with the Ad-
miral By whofe advice it was refolved, that they muft get the King
and Queen into their power, and make ufe of both their names, as the
Catholicks had made of them in the former War. This to be done
upon the fudden, before the opening of the war, by the raifing of For-
ces, fhould render thefurprize irapoffible, and defeat their purpofes.
The Kinc and Queen lay then at Manceux, an Houfe of pleafure with-
in the Territory of £?7f in chamfaigne, not fearing any the leaft dan-
ger in a time of peace, and having the Switz near enough to fecure
the ir perfons agamft any fecret Machinations. And thereupon it was
cohtrivfd, thatas many Horfe as they could raife in feveral places,
and fufpedling nothing lefs then the prefent danger, might very eafily
be routed 5 and that being done, they ihould polFefs themfelves of
Paris-i
Park:, and from thence iffuc oui; all Mandates which concerted the Go-
Vernnaent both of Church and State, '^omtfiugwots which afterwards
were took in Gafcoyne , and by the Marfha.l of Monlnck were expofed ta:
torture , are laid to have confeffed upon the KacJc ^ t at it was really
intended to kill the King , together with the Qaeen and the two y. mni
Princes j and having fo cut otfihe wnol? Rg^yal Lingvo fct ch Crowa:
upon the head ofthe Prince of Co«^^. But Charity and Chriftianixtf.
bids nie think the contrary , and to eft.^m of this report as a Popifli
calumny ^ dcvifed of purpofc to create the greater hatred agaii^fi the-
Authors of thole Wars. ..j.^
27. But whether it were true or not, certain it is, that the defio-n was
carried with fuch care and clofenels, that tht Queen had hardfy time
enough to retire to Mettx , a little Town twelve Leagues from Parif
before the whole Body of the Hugomts appeared in Cghr | from wheit^^
t) ey v?ere with no 1 is difficulty conduced by the Smtz. (whom rhc-y had
fuddenly drawn together) to the Walls of Paris ^ the Srviiz being charged
upoathe way by no fewer then eleven hundred Horte , zvi^IX Andcl(»
in the head of one of the parties-, but gallantly making good their
March , and ferving to the King and th. Royal Family for a Tower or
Fortrefs. No fooner were th:y come to Paris , bat the Hu^onoti take
a refolution to Bdiege the City before the Kings Forces could afsemble
to relieve the fame. To which end they pois.fsed themfelves of all the
pafses upon the River by which provifions came into it, and burned
down all the Wind-mills about the Town, which otherwife micxht ferve
for the grinding of fuch Corn as was i\\<i\\ within it. N\) better way
could be dcvifed to break this blow, then to entertain them with a Par-
ley for an acc3mmodation,iiot without giving them feme hopeof ytild-
ing unto any conditions which could be reafonably required. But the
Httgono's were fo exorbitant in their demands, that nothing would con-
tent them ,. bac the removing of the Qaeen from publickGov/ernm°nt-
the prefent disbanding of the Kings Forces -, the f.nding of all /Iran'
gers out of the Kingdom •, a punduul execution of the Kinos Edi<ftof
fmuiiryr, liberty for their Minifters to Pr ach in all places, even in Parit
itfeit'v and finally, that Cdice^ lUetz, and H^tvre-de-grace rajcrht be coh-
figned unto them for Towns of caution •, but in plain fruth,t9. ferve them
for the bringing in of the^nglifh and Germans when their occafionfo
required. The Treaty notwithftanJing was continued by the Qiieen
with great dtxterity, till the King had drawn tog'ether fixteen thouflind
men, with whom the Conlfable gives Battel to the Enemy on the 10 of
November^ compelst era c ) diflodgc, makes himfelfmafter of the Field
but dyed the next day a'ter , in the eightieth year of his age , havin<^
received his deaths w aind from the hands of'a Switz ^ who moftun^
manfully ibot him when he was not in condition to make any refi-
ftance.
28. In the mean rimethe City o? orkance \vas furprifed by the ffwro- 15^8,
mts, with many places of great importance in raoft parts of the Realm •
which ferving rather to diftrad: thenincreafe their Forces,they were ne-
ceHitatedto feek out for fome Forain aid. Not having confidence
enoHgh to apply themfclves to the Queen of England , \vhom in the bu-
finefs of New-have^ixhey had fo betrayed , they fend their Agents to fol-
licif e
lieite the Eledor PaUtiyie, and prevailed with him for an army oFfe-^
venthoufand HorCe, and four thoufand foot, to which the mlfi^ra-'
ble Country is again expofed. Encouraged with which great fupplies,
they laid Siegeto churtns^ xh^ principal Gity of Z/i Beaue^ the lof^
whereof mnftof neceflity have fubjeded the Parijians to the laft ex-'
tremities. The chief Commanders in the Kings army were exceeding
earncft to have given them battel, thereby to force them from the
Sicee. But the Queen not willing to venture the whole State of
the Kint^dom upon one caft of the Dice, efpecially againft futrh
defperate Gamefters who had nothing to lofe' but that whrdli
they carried in their hands, fo plyed them with new Offers' for
Qccommodation, that her conditions were accepted, and- the German^
once; again disbanded, and fent back to their- Countty. During which
broyls, the Town of JSflfi'^/ftrongly fcituated on a bay of the Ocean, -
had declared for the Hiigonets^ and a§ it feems had gone fo far, that they
had left themfelves no way to retreat. And therefore when molt o-
' tber places had fubmitted to the late Accord, the Rcchelkrs were re-
folvedtoftandit out, and neither to admit a Garrifon, nor to fubmit to
any Governout of the Kings appointment-, in which rebellious obfti-
nacy they continued about fixty years, the Town being worthily e-
fteemed for the fafeft fanftuary, to which the Hugonots retired in all
times of danger, and moft commodious for the letting in of a forain
army, when they found any ready to befriend them in that caufeand
quarrel. The (landing out of which Town infuch obftinate manner,
not only encouraged many others to doe the like, but by the fame
thereof drew thither both the Admiral and the Prince of Co;?^e, with
many other Gentlemen of the /f/i(g-<)»tf?Fa<flion, there to confult about
Tenewin^^ of the war which they were refolved on. To whom repaired
the Queen of iNT^i^^r with the iPrince her Son, then bring but fifteen
years of age, whom {he defired to train up in that holy war, upon an
hope that'he might one day come to be head of that party, as he after
Was. And here being met, they publifli from hence two feverai .2l/4w'-
fells •, one in the name of all the Hugonots in general, the other in the
name of that Queen alone ^ both tending to the fameeffcdl, that isto
fay, the putting of fome fpecious colour upon their defe<flion, and to
excufe the breaking of the peace eftabliHied , by the ncceifity of a
War.
29. This rapture fo incenfed the King and his Council, that they
refolved no longer to make ufe of fuch gentle medicines as had been
forraerty applyed in the like diftempers •, which relolution was the pa-
rent ©f that terrible Edid by which the King doth firft revoke all the
former Edids which had been made during his minority in favour of
the Reformed Religion -, nullifying more particularly the laft capitula-
tions, made only in the way of Provifion to rcdrefs thofe raifchiefs for
w hich no other courfe could be then refolved on. And that being done,
it was ordained and commanded, ' That the exercife of any other Re-
* ligion then the Roman Catholick (ever obferved by him and the King
* his predeceffors") (hould be prohibited, and exprefly forbidden, and
* interdided in all places of the Kingdom ^ banilhed all the Cdvinijl
fMiftifters and Preachers out of all the Towns and places under his
Domi-
Lib, II. cije iifto^t of ^e ^mti^ttmm. 65
* Dominion, and within fifteen days upon pain of death to avoid th^
'Reahn: pardoned through fpecial grace all things paft in matters of
'Religion, but requiring for the future undtr pain of death a ?ene-
' ral Conformity to the Kites of the Catholick Church : and finally
' ordained that no perfon Ihould be admitted to any office, charge, dig-
' nity, or magiftracy whatever, if he did not profefs and live confof-
'mablein all points to the Roman Religion. And for a Preamble
hereunto the King was pleated to make a long and dillinft Narration
of the indulgence he had ufed to reduce the Htigonots to a right under-
ftanding, and of ifhe ill requital they had made unto him, by thefeditr-
ons and confpiracies which they raifed againft him, their bringing in of
forein forces, and amongft others the moft mortal enemies of the French
Nation, putting into thrir hands the ftrongeft places and moft flourifla-
ing parts ofthe Kingdom, to the contempt of his authority, the defpi-
fing of his grace and goodnefs, and the continual dilquieting of his Do-
minions, and tlie deftrudionof his fubjeds. To counter-poife which
terrible EJi(5t, the Princes and other Leaders of the Hugomts which
were then at Rachel^ entred into a folemn Covenant or AfTociation, by
which they bound themfelves by Oath to perfevere till death in defence
of their Religion, never to lay down arms, oc condefcend to any a-
greement without the general confent of all the Commanders ^ and
not then neither, but upon lufficient fecurity for the prefervation of
their lives, and the enjoying of that Liberty of Confcience for which
they firft began the war.
go. But the Admiral well knowing that the bufinefs was not to
be carried by Oaths and Manifefts, and that they wanted mony to pro-
ceed by arms, advifed the Rochdkrs to fend their Navy to thefea^wnich
in a time when no fuch danger wasexpeded, might fpoyle and pillage
all they met with, and by that means provide themfelves of mony, and
all other ncccflaries to maintain the war. Which Counfel took fuch
good tffedt, that by this kind of Piracy they were enabled to give a
fair beginning to this new Rebellion •, for the continuance whercof, it
was thought neceffary to foUicire their Friends in Germany^ to furnifh
them with fredi recruits of able men, and Queen Elizabeth oi England.,
for fuch funis of money as might maintain them in the fervice. And
in the firft of thefe defigns there appears no difficulty •, the inclination
ofthe Prince Eledor, together with the reft of the Calvinian Princes,
and Imperial Cities, were eafily intreated to aftirt their Brethren ofthe
fame Religion. And the famefpirit governed many of the people alfo,
but on different grounds^ they undertaking-the imployment upon hope
of fpoil, as Mercenaries, ferving for their Pay, but more forPlun-
der. In England their defires were entertained with lefs alacrity, though
eagerly follicitedby Odet h\\[^o^oi Beauvaii^ a younger Brother of the
Jdmiral-., who having formerly been raifed to the degree of a Cardi-
nal, therefore called moft commonly the Cardinal of Chajliljon, had
fome years fince renounced his Habit and Religion, but ftill kept his
Titles. By the continual follicitation of fo great an Advocate, and
the eff?(fiual interpofing of the Queen of Nnvar^ Eliz-abeth was per-
fwaded to forget their former ingratitude^ , and to remember how
conducible it vvas to her perfonal intcreft to keep the French
K^ . King
66 Cl^C l^tCtOJ^ Of ^ ^lt^\>Xtmm&, Lib. IL
Kinw exercifed in perpetual troubles 5 upon which Reafoa of State (he
is not onely drawn to accommodate the Hugosots with Ships, Corn,
Arms and Ammunition, buttofupply them with a hundred thoufand
Crowns of ready mony for the maintaining of their Army, confiding of
fourteen thoufand Germam, and almoft as many more of the natural
French. And yet it was to be believed, that in all this flie had done
nothing contrary to the League with France, which fiie had fworn not
long before*, becaufe, forfooth, the Forces of the Hicgonots were rai-
fcd to no other end but the Kings mere fervice, and ttie afliftanceof the
Crown againft the Enemies of both, and the profelTed Adverfaries of
the true Religion. But neither this great lone of mony, nor that which
they had got by robbing upon the Seas, was able to maintain a
War of fo long continuance. For maintainance whereof, they were
refolved to fell the Treafures of the Churches in all fuch Provin-
ces as they kept under their Command ^ the Queen of NAvar inga-
ging her Eftate for their fecurity, who fhould adventarc on the p'ur-
chafe.
31. Ifliallnottouch on the particulars of this War, which ended
with the death of the Prince of Coade in the battel of ^urnA/- ; the ri-
gorous proceedings againft the Admiral, whom the King cauftrd robe
condemned for a Rebel, his Lands to beconfifcatcd, his Houfes plun-
dred and pulled down, and himfelf executed /« £^j"/£? •, the lofs of the
famous battel of Mont-Contour by the Hugonots party Anno 1565, which
forced them to abandon all their ftrong holds, except Rochel, Angoit-
lejm, and St. ^emdAngeli^ and finally to fliut themfelves up within
Rcchel only: after which followed fuch a diffembled reconciliation be-
tween the parties, as proved more bloudy then the War: The fudden
and fufpeded death of the Queen of Navar^ the Marriage of the
Prince her Son with the Lady Margaret ons oi \.\\t Sifters of the King,
the celebrating of the wedding in the death of the Admiral on St, Bar-
1572. thohwervs d3.y 1572, and the (laughter ofthirty thoufand men within
few days after 5 the reduction of the whole Kingdom to the Kings 0-
bedience, except the Cities of Nifmes, Mont^uhan and Rochel onely •, the
obftinate ftanding out o( Rochel^ upon the inftigation of fuch Preachers
as fled thither for fiieker, and the redudion of it by the Duke o( Jn-
jo»tothelaft extremity^ theraifing of the Siege, and tke Peace en-
fuing, on the Ele(5tion of that Duke to the Crown of Poland t, there-
(olntiono^ the Hugonots to renew the War, as foon as he had left the
Kingdom i and their ingaging in the fame, on the Kings lait ficknefs.
In all which traverfes of State there is nothing memorable in reference
to my preient purpofe, but only the condition of the Pacification which
was made at the Siege of -Rof/^^/ 5 by which it was accorded between
J, -5 the parties on the 1 1 of ^a/y, Annoi'yT^-^ that all offences fliould be
pardoned to the fald three Cities, ontheir fubmiflion tothe King •, and
that it (liould be lawful for them to retain the free Exercife of their
Religion, the people meeting in the fame unarmed, and but few in
number •, that all the inhabitants of the faid tliree Cities (hould
be obliged to obferve, in all outward matters (except Baptifm and
Matriroony) the Rites and Holy-dayes of the Church •, that the ufc of
the Catholick Religion fliould be reftored in the faid Cities and all
. -. . other
Lib. II. -Wi^t ^ifton of C^e ^itfibtttti^m. sf
other places, leaving unto the Clergy and Religious perfons thdrHoii-'
fes. Profits, and Revenues •, that Mochel fiiould receive a Governoiii'^ of
the Kings appointment, (but without Garrifon) renounce all cdrref^
pondencies and confederacies with Forain Princes, and not take, piir£
with any of the fame Religion again/lthe King •, andfinalf^, thatthd
faid three Towns fliould deliver Hoftages for the performance of the
Articles of the prefent Agreement, to be changed at the end of every
three months, if the King fo pl-afed : Itwas alfo condefcended to in
favour of particular perfons, that all Lords of free Manners rhroi]gh-
out the Kingdoms, might in their own Houfes lawfully celebrate A^ar-
riage and Baptifm, after their own manner, provided that the AlPem,
bly exceeded not the numbtr of ten •, and that there fliould be no ihqal-
fition upon mens Confciences, Liberty being given to fuch as h/ald lio
mind to abide in the Kingdom, that they might fell thTeii" Lands iiid
Goods, and live where they pleafed.
32. Such were theadingsofthe-Fr^«t^ C^/w^/Ww, as wellby fecret 1574.
praftices as open Arms, during the troublefomc Reign of Francis the
Second and CW/fj the Ninth, and fuch their variabk 'Fortunes accor-
ding to the interchanges and fuccefTes of thofe broken times, in which
for fifteen years together, there was nothing to be heard but Warrs
and rumours of Wars •, (hort intervals of Peace, but fuch as general-
ly were fo full of fears and jealoufies, that they were'attogethef' as-u'n-
fafe as the Wars themfelves. So that the greateft calm of Peace, feem-
cdbuta preparation to a War enfuing 5 to which each party Was fo
bent, that of a poyfon it became their moft conftant food. In which
diftra(5i:ion of affairs dyed King Charles^ the Ninth, in the five and
tiventieth ybir of his age, and fourteenth of his Reign, leaving this life
at P^jm on the 30 of J\/d)/, 1574. He had been ufed for fome months to
the fpitting of bloud, which brought him firft into a Feaver, and at
laft to his grave, not without fome retaliation of the Heavenly Juflice,"
in punifliing that Prince by vomiting up the bloud of his body natural,
which had with fuch prodigious cruelty exhaufted fo much of the befl
bloud of the body Politick. After whofe death, the Crown defcen-
ded upon //if«ry the new King of Poland^ who prefently upon the news
thereof forfook that Kingdom, and pofled with all fpeed to Venice^ and
froiti thence to France^ where he was joyfully received by all Loyal
Subjeds. At his firft coming to the Crown, he. refolved to put art
end to thofe combuftions which had fo often inflamed his Kingdom,and
extinguifliall thofe hearts which had exafperated one party againft
another-, that he might fit as Umpire or Supreme Moderator of the
prefent differences, and draw unto himfelf an abfolute Soveraignty o-
ver both alike ; which to effedt, he refolves to profecute the War fo
coldly, that the //«^tf;?<??j might conceive good hopes of his moderati-
on •, bur ftill to ktep the War on foot, till he could find out fuch a way
to bring on the peace, as might create nofufpition of him in the hearts
of the Catholicks. By which means hoping to indulge both parties,
he was perfedly believed by none, each party (hewing it felf diftruft-
ful of his inclinations, and each refolving to depend on, fome other
Heads. '•■•'
■ 3'?. About this time, when all men ftood amazed at th^fe proceed-
K 2 ings
^g €^l^iftd^f Cfi^e|0ie0b¥temn0. Lib,ii.
iog^ pf the Court, the State hegan to fwarm with Libels and Seditious
P^tfjplilets, pubJifhed by thofe of the Hugonot Faction, full of reproach,
apd fraught with horrible Invedives, not only againft ihe prefent Qo-
vejf nment, but more particularly againft the perfons of the Queen and all
hec Children. Ag^ainft the Authors whereof, when fome of the Coi^n-
cil purpofed to proceed with all feverity, the Queen-mother interpofed
her power, and moderated by her prudence the intended rigors ^ ariSrra-
ing,as mofttrueit was^thatfu<:hfeverity would only gain the greater
credit to thofe fcurrilous Pamphlets, which would otherwife vanilfiof
tbemfelve.5, or be foon forgotten. Amongft which Pamphlets, there
wasiiane more peftilent then that which was compofed in the way of a
Dialogue, pretending one Eufebms phiUddfhm for the Author of it,
'Buchmm building firft upon C4/1//W Principles had publiflied his Sedir
tio\i%^2im^h\Qi.DejureRegriiafttdS£otos^ together with that fcurrilous
and infamous L ibcl which he called T/'f Detection-, repleac wlthnxhing
but reproaches of his lawful Soveraign. BnixV'is Eufel>ius Philadelpix^^
or whofoever he was that masked himfelf under that difguife, refulved
to gobeyondhis patern inall the ads of Malice, Slati,det:iMg, and.$q-
ditioa. 5 but be out-gone by none that iliould follow after him in thoij?
ways of wickednefs. Two other Trads were publifhed about :his time
alfoj both of them being alike mifchievous, and rending to the over-
throw of all publick Government •, but wanting fomeching of the libel
itj. them as the other had: Of thefe th^ oiitvfisczlltd Findici^cont/ a
Tyrmnosy or the refcuing of the people from the power of Tyrants 5
publiflied under the Name of Stefhanus BnttMy but generally believed
to. be y^uthy BezAj the chief furviving Patron of the Preshyterians. In
which he profticutcs the dignity of the Sdpreme Magiftrate to the
" lufts of the people, and brings them under the command o{ (uch pfu^
Ur Magiftrates, as dlvm makes to be the Confervators of the pubr
lick Liberty. The other was intituled De jure Magijlratus in [ubditosi,
\m\% on the fame grounds, and publiflied with the fame intention as
the others were. A piecJe fo mifchievous in it felf, and fo deftrudivc
of the peace of Humane Society, that each fide was afharaed to own
ir^ the Papifts fathering it upon Hettomanz. FnnchCixilum,thzPns'
byt^riAns on Hlclerm a Romifli Prieft. But it appears p'alnly by the Con-«
ference 21 Hampton-Court^ that it was publifhed by fome of the DifcipU'
mriAns-, at whofe doors I leave it.
34. But for Eu[ehim Philadelphui^ he firft defames the King and Queen
In a moft fcandalous manner, expofes next that flourifliing Kingdom
for a prey to ftrangers ^ and finally lays down fuch Seditious Maxims,
as plainly tend to the deftrudion of Monarchical Government. He tells
us o.f the King himfelf, that he was trained up by his Tutors in no o-
ther qualities then drinking, whoring, fwearing , and forfwearing,
frauds and falfchoods, and whatfoever elfe might argue, a contempt
both of God and Godlinefs 5 that as the Court by the Exan^ple of the
King, fo by the Example of the Court all the reft of the Kingdom was
brought into a reprobate fenfe, even to manifeft Atheifm ; and that
as fome of their fprmer Kings were honoured with the Attributes of
fair^ rvife^debonnaire, well-helovedy &c fo ftiould this King be known by
no. other name th^^ Charles theTreacherom, The Dukeof -.^»jfl» he
fets
Lib,ii. €^^ifto?toft]^e^?e?ititenansi. 69
fet's forth in more ugly colours then he doth die King , by adding this to
all the reft of his Brothtrrs vices , that he lived in a conrtanc courfe of
Ime^ with his Sifter the l^rincefs MagAret , as well before as after her
Efpoufal to the King of Navar. For the Queen-mother he can find no
better names thea thofe oi Fredegond^ Lfuntcbddy ^ez.ahd^ and MefJaliKd -
of which the two fi, ft are as infamous in the Itories oiiFrame , as th; two
later in the Roman and Sacred Hiftories..: And to expofe them all to-
gether, he can give the Qucen-muther and her children (thouo'h his na-
tural Princes) no more cleanly Title then that oizBitch-Wdji and ky
Whdfs i affirm.nj, that in Luxury,Cruelty and Perfid.oufnefs.they had ^^fui^jT
exceeded all the Tyrants of preceding times {a): which Gome§ upclofe P^" '•P-*^-
to thole irreverent and lewd exprelfi)ns which frequently occur in C4/- a"* u" "'
<uinyBeZ'.i-,Kmx^^, in reference to the two i»/dr/s, Queens of £»W4«<^
and Scotland , and other Princes of that age 5 which have been formerly
recited in their proper places.
35. Tlie Royal Family being thus wretchedly expofed to the publick
hatred , he next applyes himfelf to ftir up all the World againft them
both at home and atroad And firft helaboureth to excite fome defperate
Zeabt to commit the like aflaifinateonxheJCing then Reiwnincf , as one
Bodillus is reported in fom? /"rfw^Hiftories to have committed on thepef-
fon oich Iprick one of thelaft Kings of the Merov'K^mans.^ which he com-
memarates for a Noble aid Heroick adion, and fets it out for an exam-
ple and encouragement tcfome gallant French-men for the delivery of
his Countrey from the lyranny of the Houfe oiFalots , {b) the ruine /b; ©„; ^
whereof he mainly drivesat in his whole defign. And though he feem '«/'« vHie-"'
to maken.doubtofprevaling init , yet he refolves to try his Fortune j"™ ^"'"''^'"
otherwife if tNat fhould fai And firft beginning with their next neigh- mlrinol'L
bour the King of Sp.tin , le puts them in remembrance of thofe many ■"^''^'''''^•i'''^-
injuries which he and he Anceftors had received from the Houfe of JKei/Jdr
Valois -, acquaints him witi the prefcnt opportunity which was offered ^'"'"'^ '■''''-
to him of revenging of thee wrongs, and making himfelf Mafter of the ^Tun^rX'
Realm of Frame •, and clalks him out a way how he might effed it •, dam ifjim
that is t© fay, by coming t( a prefent Accord with the Pfinccf oiordn^e ^J'"- ^ "■^'^
0) indulging liberty of concience to the Bel^tck Provinces , and thereby w^f"?'" 'V^w
djra'vingall the /f'<'^«?»o?^ t) adhere unto him : which counfel if he did •'"^"'""^''"
ovtlike", he might then nake the fame ufeof the Duk? oi Savoy {{or *'i^t7Juf.^^
whom the Hufomts in Franc had no fmall affedion-,)* and by beftowintr -^^'"^ L"gdu-
on himthe a,d)oyning Regims of Lyomife,DauIphrM,ind Pr.'veKce,m\^\?t IdphinzH^l''
make himfelf Lord of all tie reft withontany great trouble. The like ^. ^rovincia
temptation muft be given 'o the Queen of Engkad, by putting herin£S%cr
mind of her pretences to :he Crown it fe If , and ih.vviiw how eafiea P*9-'
thing it might be for her {d to acquire thofe Countries,whofe Arms and fouriut
Titles flie afsumed, Withlike difloyalty he excites the Princes of the /^'•f^■''"fyrf.
Empire (^) to husband the alvantage which was offered to them, for the T" '*'''
recoveringofi»/^/-a, T<7«/f a\j Vtrdun ^ three Imperial Cities , by this S-'^mw^
Kings Father wrefted betwixt fraud and force from CJ&4/'/(?y the Fifth, ^"^^'^-''^-P-
and everfmcie incorporated with th.- Realm o{ France. If all w\\\c\\}l)vacihre-.
failed , he isrefolved to caft himfelf on the Duke o(Guifc, thout^h the "'l"^""'
moft mortal and implacableen.my of the Hugom Fadion , and makes vi'dodS'
a full addrefs to himan a fecomd Epiftle prefixt before the Book it felf • '^ Tuiiuni,
.'4^f. p. 71.
7©
Clie ipittojt of t^^ ^?e0lJttctrtan0, Lib. ii.
in which he put him in remembrance of his old pretcnfions to the
Crownoi FrMce y exioni^d by Hugh C Ape t from his Anceftors Of the
Houfe oiLoratgm •, offereth him the aflilUnce of the Uugonot party for
the recovery of his Rights ^ and finally , befeeches him to take com-
rr) Ktgnvm paffioh of his ruined Countrey (/) , cheerfully to accept the Cro>vn,atvd
f^p#rf free the Kingdom from the fpoil and tyranny of Boys and VVoiJien/'t^
Vl^nomlvi- ^ether with that infinite train of Strangers,Bawdes and Leachtrs which
trllu^xL depend on them : which was as great a Mafter-pisce in the art of
'r* ^^^unt- mifchief, as the wit of malice could devife. ■ ^ ----- -'
Mui d\il-^ 56. As for his Dodrines in reference to the comrcon duties between
piiit^m. , i^jjjas and Subjeds, we may reduce them to thefe heids, that is to fay,
^^'^'^" u That the Authority of Kings and Supreme Mag.ftrates is circurn-
fcribed and limited by certain bounds , which if thcypafs, their Subjedft
are no longer. tyed unto their obedience-, that Mrgiftrates do exceed
thofe bounds, when either they command fuch things as God forbiddeth.
Or prohibit that which he commands •, that therefore they are no longer
tobeobeyed, if their Commands are contrary to the Rules of I^icty or
Chriftian charity ; of which theSubjeds muft be thought theraoft com-
petent Judges. 2. That there were compiniesand focicties of men
before any Magistrates were fet over them •, which Magiitrates were no
otherwifefet over them then by common confsnt •, that every Magiftrate
fo appointed was bound by certain Articles aid Conditions agreed be^
tween them , which he was tyed by Oath to ^referve inviolable •, that
the chief end for which the people chofe a Sujeriour Magiftate,was,thac
tliey might remain in fafety under his protedion •, and therefore if iuch
Mic'iftrates either did negledl that end , or aherwile infringe the Arti-
clesof their firft Agreement, the Subjeds wele then discharged from the
bond of ob. dience j and that being fo difchaged from the bond of obe-
dience, it was as lawful for them to take up Xrms againft their King in
maintenance of their Religion , Laws and Lberties , if indangered by
him , as for a Traveller to defend himfeli by force of Arms againft
Thieves and Robbers. 5. That noGovernnent can be rightly confti-
tuted, in which the Grandeur of the Princeis more confulted then the
' weal of the People •, that to prevent all fuchincroachments on the com-
mon Liberty, the people did refervea power )f putting a curb upon their
Prince or Supreme Magiftrates , to hold then in , fucKas the fribunes
were in Rome to the Senate and Confuls , aid the Efhori to the Kings of
Sparta : that fuch a power as that of the *^r^<i«£/^0/V is veiled in the
feven Ele(5tors of the Gfrw<«« Empire, whichgives them an Authority
to depofe the Emperour, if they fee caufe foiit ♦, and that the like may
be affirmed of the Englifli Parliaments , whc oft ntimes have condemn-
ed their Kings, but he knows not whom. ^. That by the firft confti-
tutions of the Realm of Frame , the Suprenc power was not entrufted
to the King , but the three Eftatcs -, fo that it was not lawful for the
King to proclaim a War , or to lay Taxeson the People , but by their
confent 5 that thefe Eftatcs aflembled in a Common Counfel, did ferve
inftead of eyes and ears to a prudent Prince , but to a wicked and ungo-
verned , for Bit or Bridle ^ and that according to this power they De-
throned many of their Kings for their Lufts , Luxuries , Cruelty, Sloth-
fulnefs J Avaricej cJ^f', that if they proceeded not in like manner with
the
Lib.ti. Cije l^iftm of tl)e ^>e?ib|tertan?f. ^i
the King then Reigning , it >)v'as becaufe they had an high efteem (with
fcorn and infolence enough) of his eminent Venues , his Piety , Juftic'e
and Fidelity, and the great commendations which was piven of his
Mothers Chaftity: and therefore finally (which was the matter to be
proved by thofe Fadious Principles^ that it was altogether as lawful fot
tlie French to defend themfelves, their Laws and Liberties , aoainft the
violent aflault of a furious Tyrant (fo he calls their King) as a Traveller
by Thieves and Robbers. Which Aphorifms he that lifteth to confult iti
the Author,may find them from Pag. 5 7. to 66, of the ftcond Dialpoue
and Part i. Pag. S. '' '
37. But notwithftanding thefe indignities and provocations the Kin<#
refolved to proceed in his former indiffcrency , hoping thereby to break
the Hfgonots without blows and bloodfhed , and thereby to rec^aiii
the good opinion of his Popifli Subjeds. To which end he was pleafed
to grant fuch Priviledges to thtHugonot Fadion astheydurft not ask
and never had afpired unto in their greateft heats 5 which he conceived
he had more reafon to do in the prefent pinch, then any of his Predecef-
fors had in far lefs extremities : For the Hugonots had not onely brought
in a formidable Army of 5)r/V^; and Germans , under the condud of Prince
Caftmir , one of the younger Sons of Frederick the Third then Eleclot
Palatme , but had alfo mad." a fradion in the Court it felf , by drawing
Framis Duke o^ Aknzon his youngrft Brother to be Head of their Party
who, brought along with him a great number of Romini Chatholicks
who then paft urtder the name of the Male-contents. To break which
blow , and free his Kingdom from the danger of fo great an Army he
firft capitulates to pay the Germans their Arrears,amountinfy to a Million
and two hundred t'^oufand Ducats •, to gratifie Prince Cafimirvj'ixh. the
Signory of chafiem Thierry in the Province of Champasgne , with a Pen-
fion oF fourreen thoufand Crowns , and a Command of a hundred Lan-
ces': To confer the Government of Picardie with theftrono Town of
Penone on the Prince of Conde , and fettle on his Brother the Duke of
AUnzonx.\\2 Provinces of Berry, Touraine and Anjoa , together with one
hundred thoufand Crowns of^yearly Penfion^ and made him a'fo Duke
of Jnjotf for his greater honour. And then topacifieand oblige the
Hugonots (if fuch men could be gained- or pacified by ads of favow) he
grants unio them by his Edidof the 14 of May 1576, that thfy fliould
peaceably enjoy the exercife of their Religion, together with full power
forereding Colleges and Schools, 'for holding Synods, of celebrating
Matrimony, and adminiftring the Sacraments,' with the fame freedom
as wasufedby I'.is CatholickSubjeds: that thofe of the Reformed Re-
ligion (liortld be permitted to execute any Places or Offices , and enjoy
any Dignities of what fortfoever, without fuch diftindion betwixt thern
and the red of that Nation, as hadbeenof late times obferved: that in
each Parliament of France a- new Court fhould be prefently ereded con-
fining equally of Judges and Officers of both Religions,and they to' hare
the cognizance of all caufes which conccr{\i:d "the Huge rots: that all
Sentences paft againft the Admiral, the Count of Montgomery , aiad the
red of that party, Ihould be revoked and made null -, and the eight cau-
tionary Towns,being all places of great ftrength and conrequence,lhould,
remain with the Hugonots^ till all thefe Articles were confirmed, and the
Peace concluded. ' 28. The
^ J C]^e i^iftojt of t^e ^?e?il)^tcrian0« Lib. ii
38. The parting of this Edidl gave great fcandal to the Catholick
party , which thereupon was eaiily united by the Duke of Gulfe into a
common Bond or League for maintainance and defence of thtir Religion^
app.irently indangered by thofe large Indulgences . by the firft Article
whtreof they bound thetnfelves for the Eftablilhment of the Law of God
in its firft Eftate •, to rcftore and fettle his Holy Service , according to
theFormand Manner of the Catholick Apoitolick Roman Church-,
and to abjure and renounce all errors contrary thereunto. Then follow-
ed many other Artick-s,relating to the prefcrvation of the Kings Autho^
rity, the maintainance of the common liberties and Privilcdges of their
C o'l'itrey •, the mutual defence of one another in defence of this League
aoainft all perfons whatfocvtr -, the conftancy of their obedience to any
one whom they fliould chufe to be the Head of their Confederacy ^ and
finally, the profecuting of all thofe without exception , who fhould en-
deavour to oppofe and infringe the fiune. And for the keeping of this
Leat^ue , they feverally and joyntly bound themielvf's by this following
Oath 'Viz. jfrvear hj God the Creator ijajing mj hand uf on the Holy Cofpel)
and under Vaw of Excommunication and eternal Djmnatim ._ th.it J c7.ter into
this Hclf Catholick League according to the Form thenof now read unto me-.,
And that I do faithfidl'j and Jincerely enter into it with a, will either to command
or to ohey., andferve as ijball beaffointed : And Ifromife nfon m^ life aniho-
nour unto the lafi drop of my blood never to depart from it , or trarifref :t , for
any command, vretence^ excufe or occafion , which by any means whjtfocver can be
reprefented to me. And as the Hugonots had put thrmielves under the
Protedion of the Queen of England^ and called the Germans to th? ir aidj
fo they rcfolved according unto this example to put themfelves under
the Patronage of the Catholick King , and to call in the Forces of the
King Popej^'and the Princts of Italy ^\i thrir occafions fo required. The
new'sof which confederacy Xo amazed the King , that he proceeded not
to the p.rformance of thofe Indulgences contained in the Editi of the 14.
of May , which Teemed moft odious aud ofFenfive in the eyc;s of the Ca-
tholicks •, fo that both fides being thus cxafpcrated againft one another,
and each fide j. alous of the King , the old confufions were revived , the
diforders multiplycd, and all things brought into a worfe condition then
at his firft coming to the Crown. For though the Catholick King had
willint^ly confented to be head of the League , yet to break off all fuch
dependance as was by that means to be faftned on him by the reft of the
Leacuers, the French King finds himfelf neccffirated to aflTume that ho-
nour to himfelf. And thereupon, in the AfTembly held at hlois , having
in vain tryed many ways to untie this knot, he publickly declared him-
felf to be the Principal Head an ,1 X'xov dor of it , with many fpecious
proteftatioRS,that he would fpend his laft breath in a caufe fo glorious,as
.the reducing of his people unto one Religion : which as it raifed many
jealoufies in the minds of the Hugonots , fo it begot no confidence of him
in.the hearts of thtir oppofites.
3P. Hereupon a new War breaks out 5 and a new Peace foUoweth,
by which fome Claufes in the former Edid were rtftrained and mode-
rated , though otherwife fufficiently advantageous to all thofe of the
-. Reformation •, fo as now hoping that all matters were accorded between
the parties , the King pretends to betake himfelf wholly to his private
Devo-
Lib: II. €;i^ mnon of ^^ t^mt^t^tM^, 73
Devotions •, falls on the Iriftitutidn of anew Order of Knighthood
called. The Order of the Helj Ghofi •, commends his Brother fcr a Sui-
ter to the Queen of £//^/4«^, to keep him out ofharmes way for the
time to come ^ and finally, failing of the projed, procareth his advance-
ment to the Dukedom of ^r(«^4»^, and to be made the General- Govern-
oarof the^f/^/r^ ProvinceSj which had withdrawn themfel\?es frorti
their Obedience to the King of SfAiri.
40. But in the midft of thefe devices, the Leaders of the HugoHots
are again in Arms, under colour that the former Edidhad not been ob-
ferved 5 but in plain truth, upon a clear and manifeft experience, that
Peace was the ruine of their Party, £tnd that they could not otherwife
preferve their power then by open War. The Prince of Conde feizeth
on Lii Fere in Picdrdy^ and the King of Navar makes himfelfMafter by
ftrorig hand on the City of Cahors 5 which draws the King again from
his Meditations, unJ^r which muft be covered his retirement from all
publick buiiuefs. But La Fere being regained from the Prince of
Cofnie^ the fack'mg of Cahors was connived at, and the breach made apj
that fo the Hugonots might be tempted to Confume their Forces in the
Warso^ FlarulerSj to which they were invited by their Brethren of
the Bclgick Provinces, who had called in the D^ke of Anjoit againft
their King, And {0 long FrAnce remained in quiet, as that War con-
tinued. But when the Duke returned after two or three years, and
that there was no hopes of his reverting to fo great a charge 5 the Hu- '5oi»
'gonets wanting work abroad, were furniflied With this occafion to break
out at home. The Catholick League had now layn dormant for
fomeyears, none fecming more Zealous then the King in the Caufe jro
oi Rome. Butwhen it wasconfideredby the Dukeof (Jwye-, and the
reft of the League, tha: the Duke of Anjou being dead, and the King
without any hope oflfTue, the Crown muft fall at laft to the Kin^^ of
Navar-j it was refolvedto try all means by which he might be totally
excluded frorn the right -of SuccefTion. For what' hope could they
give themfelves to preferve Religion, when the Crown fhould fall
upon the head of an Heretick, an Heretick relapfedVand therefete
rrtad'e Uncapable of the Royal Dignity by the Canon-Laws'^ Of thefe
Difeourfes and Defignes of the Guifian Fa<ftion, the Kint^ ofWrf-y^r takes
fpeedy notice, and prepares accordingly, thinking it beftt[o be before-
hand, and not to be taken unprovided when they fhould come. And to ^jSj.
that end, having firft cleared himfelf by a Declaration from- the crime
of Herefie, and now particularly from being a relapfed Heretick, with
many foul recriminations on the Houfe of Guife, he fends his Agents to
follicite the Germnn Princes to come in to aid him againft the opprefli-
ons of the League, which feemed to aim at nothing'buttheruineof the
Realm of France: which fo cxafperatcd thofe of the Cuifim Fadion,
that they prevailed by their Emiftaries with Pope Sixtm\.\\t Fifth, to
excommunicate the King of piavar^ and the Prince of Conde. and to de-
clare tL-m both uncapible of the Royal ^uc'ceflTion, as relapfed Here-
ticks : Which he performed in open Confiftory on the ninth of Sefte?n-
kri<)S'), and publidied the fentence by a fpccial Bull within three
days after.
41. The French King in the mean time findes himfelf fo intan^^led'in
L the
74 €5^ l^iHon ot ^e ^ie?si5f tenant. Lib. ii
the Snares of the League, aad fuch a general c'efedtion frojn.him ianijft
parts of the Kingdom, that he was forced by his Edia of the ninth of
^nlfy to revoke all former grants and capkulaciuns which had been
made in favour of the Hugonot party. After which followed a new
War 5 in which the Smtz, and Germans raife great Levies for the aid oif
the Hugenoti^ follicited thereunto amongft many othersby Theodore Bezn-^
who by his great eloquence and extraordinary diligence, did prevail fo
far, that the Princes PaUti/fe, the Count Wirtcfnherge, the Count of
Monthelguard^ and the Prote/tant Cantons of the Smtz^ agreed to give
them their afliftance. Amongft whom, with the helps which they re-
ceived from the King of Denmark^ and the Dokeof Saxsny^ a mighty
lArmy was advanced, conlifting of thirty two tboufand Horfe and Foot,
that is to fay, twelve thouland German. Horfe, four thoufand foot, and
no fewer then fixteen thoufand -Sivito. For whofe advance, befides a
.general contribution made on all the Churches of Iia>,ce^ the fumof
lixty thoufand Crowns was It vyed by the Queen of England^ and put
into the hands of Prince Ojf?»«rc before remembred, whowasto hav>e
thechief command of thefe forein Force. Thefe forein Forces made
much greater by thejiccefllon of eight thoufand French which joyned
iUnto them, when they firft (hewed themf. Ives upon the Borders -, Of
which,20o Horfe and 8oo foot were raifcd by the Signory q){Gemvi.
But before this vaft Army could come up to the King of N^var^ the
Puke of ^oyeufe gives him battel neara place called Ccutra^e-^ at which
-itimehis whole Forces were reduced to four thoufand Foot, and about
;two thoufand five hundred Horfe ^ with which fmall Army encoun-
•tred a great power of the Duke of J'oyeufe., and obtained a very 4tgn^l
_ Vi(5tory, there being flain upon the place no fewer then 3000 men, of
which the Duke of ^oyeufe himfelf was one • more then 3000 taken pri-
foners, together with all tlie Baggage, Arms aiid Ammunition which, be-
longed to the Enemy. After which followed the defeat of the Germans
by the Duke of (7»//f, and the violent proceedings of the Leaguers a-
gainft the King, which brought him to ^ neceffity of joyning with
the King of iV4V4r, and craving the aiTiftanceofhis /Tw^^w/ Sulp.) .(fts,
■„ whofe Arms arc now legitimated, and made ads of duty. In which
condition I (hall leave them to their better Fortunes-, firft taking 1 ifqr-
vcy of thepeoceedings of the Calvinifis in the neighbouring Germahyy
; ,-pafling from thence to the Mm Comtries., and after croiling over co -the
'Idcsoi Britaiti,
• Oi
■ iiui'lj.
the ^d of th'^ecM ^ook.
75'
JE%1V S^ \ET>IV i VV Si
O R T H E
H I S T O R
O F T H E
Presbyterians.
L I B. HI.
Containing
Their fofitions and Proceedings in the Higher Getrmay : their
dangeroHs Do5irines and Seditions \ their Innovations in ths
Churchy and alteration of th£ Civil government ■■, of the Belgick
^roVtnccs^ from the year 1 559, to the year 1585.
He Dodrine of the Reformation begun by Luther^
and purfued by Zuinglias, was entertained in ma-
ny Provinces of the Higher Germanj^ according
as they flood affeded to either party, or were
tranfported by the ends and paffions of their fcve-
ral Princes : But generally at the firft they incli-
ned to Luther t whofe way of Reformation feemed
lefs odious to the Church of Rome^ and had the
greatirft anprobation from the States of the Empire -, the Duke of
Saxo/iy^ adhered unto him at his firft beginning, as alfo did the Mar-
quefs of r,ra;7derd>otirg.. the Dukes o^Holfteim^ the two Northern Kings,
and by degrees the reft of the German Princes of moft power and va-
L 2 he.
£1 C]^e ^ifto?¥ of ti^c ^jesitttemnis. Lib. iil
Itie, except only ihofe of Aufiru-, aad the Duke of 5Jzv?r/4, the three
Elector BilViops, the Duke of Clc've, the Marquef-; of B.idc/i, and gene-
rall)^lit*ilie Ecckfiafticks WMJr>i5e i^sfiu;^t£he Comny|ii4ofthe
Lutkr^n §tatf.j. The Piij3^£lil«&or 'fd^jfc,zm^ tm iqifo tlie par-
1546. ty tijl .che year 1 5.4ji5i" 'Acwhich tinus J^nJim'f: ihe SeCogi though
fcar^,ewarmin'hi5»w"ft Eitate,^'on which h.^ew-frcd ylw'O 'i^i^^y took
the adyantage-iof the time to reform his ChuK"hes •, the Emptrour be-
in" rfiea brougbt low by the change of Fortune; and forced not long
after to abandon Germany. Upon the lOth. oi 'January he caufed Divine
Offices to be celebrated in the Mother tongue, in the chief Church of
Heidelher^^ the principal City of the lower Palatinate.^ and the chief Seat
of his Heiidence. The news whereof encouraged all the reft of the
Proteftant Princes to congratulate wich him, and to defire him to em-
brace theConfeifionof y^wi^f/^^ ; to which he readily accorded, and
fededall things, in his Countries by the Lutheran Model, as w-ell for
155^' Gov^ernment and Dodtrine, as for Forms of Worihip. Jn which con-
dition it continued during the refidue of his life, and the ftiort Govern-
• ment of Othe-Henry, who fucceeded him in thole Eftatcs , and was
the laft of the dired Line of the Houfe of Bavana. After wbofe
1559* death, Anno 1559, fucceeded Frederick Dnke of Simmerin ■, de-
fcended from Steven Palatine o{ ZuiSro-ok or Bipont^ youns^et fonofthe.
Emperour Rupert: From whom the Princes of the och'r Houfe had
delivered their Pedigree. Which Priqce^'fucceeding by the name of
Frederick the lit. appeared more favourable to the Zuir.vlian then the
Lutheran Forms, animated thereunto by fome needy Courtiers, in hope
to make a prey of Glebe and Tythes, and other poor remainders of the
Churches Patrimony.
2. For the advancing of this Work Gualtcr a very moderate and
learned man is deiired from Zurick^ andciieerfully undertakes the Ser-
vice •, in which he proi'pered fo well, that he took olf moft of the
Princes from their former opinions, and brought them to conform their
judgements in all points of Dodirine to the Confellionof the Smtzer
or Helvetian Churches.^ The Difcipline" of which Churches differed at
that'time frotft Cahins Platform, as appears clearly by fome paflages
in a Letter of Buliwgers^ bearing dateD.ccmh. 15. 1553, when Calv/n
was neceflirated to beg fome tolerable approoativ>n of hjsnew Device.
For there it is exprtlly faid, that though (a) their Diicipline at Zh-
visno^fl^'"' rick, andthereftof the Cantons, agreed not in all points with that of
dijMiim jjjg Confiftory which had been fetled at Geneva., but was accomrao-
ZmJnL dated t J the temper of their own Dominions ; yet theyd.fired n(£rt the
nfpondeat, fubvcrfion of Cd/o/m Model, which feemedro neceffary at that time
fdt'oTi'fium for tf^e Town of Geicva, that they advifed not to have it altered. But
vdkj'iibvcr- more particularty it appears by .Bes^ in the life of Calvin.^ and by the
Epift^""* Letter of Ligerm before remembred, that Excommunications were not
ufed in any of the Reformed Churches, whetherthey were of Z/z/i'fr^w
or Zw/^^/w;? judgement. Butfcarcehad Gualter fo fetled Zuinglianifm
in the Churcti of Heidelberg^ and thofe which did depend upon it, whea
a bold Challenger from Geneva defies them all, and undertakes to
prove this Propofition in the publick Schools, That to a Minifier afftjled
with the help of his Elderjhip., doth appertain thi power of Exconrnmication hy
the
Lib.iii. Ci^e f (ftoz$ of ti)z i^ie^jJttcrtaiijt. ^^
the Law of God. Hereupon followed that faiiiioas Difpa^-Jtlon in tiie
Schools of Heidelkrg, theiubrtance \vht;reof..w>e find drawn up mtir-
fmes Catechifm/rora pag. 835. to pag. 8^7. of the EKglfifEd cion. ' fii
which it doth appear , thac thenaraeof iht.Rcfpondeiu was Geor<rcWis.
thers^ a Nativeof England-^ and that one Ptta B-qume was the Mjderai
tor.^ and therefore Withers m\x^ be taken to^have made the Challeri^agL
The IT^^/w then maintained by- ''f^^^^'^^^'J'.' were, ;thtfe.two that follow
VIZ. That to thejimere Prmhing if .the Word , and the lawful Admmifiratim
ef thC'Sacrdments ., isrequDcd im.ojfiie or Pixvir of Governmem inihe Church,
2. That a Mimftcr tv,th hu Eldajlp oughdok^joy a^d exercifc a P wer of
Cowvi^ing., Sxfroving.,ExcommHmcAtmg and E^tmiing am prt of EcclefiafiYi~
calDifciplme, or a^/y offenders whAt'oever.^ iven on Prmcesths.-?:felves.
3. The Arguments by which the Refpondent was affaukcd, toaether
vich the anfwers which were made unto them , were taken by t.r Pen
6i:Urfi»e , a Divine of i/f/<afd^^;-^, who-wasprefent at the Dli'putacion
and by his means tranfmitted to theufe of the Ciiurch •, the Tide of his
Abftrad this, 'viz. Certain Arguments dljojled., whereby fome in a publak
Dtfputathn ^^/iw Heidelberg 1568, Jane 10. (Dr. Peter Boqiiin- b:h^
Moderator , and Mr. George Withers Engliflyman Refpondent), cndeavotirU
to abolijh Ecclefiafical Difciplme : Which Arguments and their flu:io:r.s mre
takenwordforword from the mouth of Dr. Urime , at the'rcpetit.on cfhisdc-
fptitation on the next day privately m.\de in Collcg, Sapient. For faith: r la-
tisfacaion , I refer the Reader. to the Bo k it felf , and ihall now on^e'ly
add this note, viz. that as the Arguments -were not found fufficient to
beat down that power which Chrift had left unto his Church for ex>
communicating fcandalous and notorious Sinners 5 lb neither were the
Anfwers ftrong enough to prefcrve Lay-elders in the poflefTion of a
power that belonged not them. Which was in-thne the iflue of the dif-
putation, which afterwards was fo hotly followed , be twten Theodore
Beza on the one fide, and Dr. Thomas Eraftus, (whom Calvin mentioneth
in his Epiftle to oleriamis) Dodor of Phylick, on the other •, Beza evin-
cing the necelTity of excommunication in the Church of Chrift and E-
rA^us proving nothing to the contrary, but that Lay-elders wire nor.ne-
cefsary to the exercife of it. Which difputation laftcd long, and eff? di-
ed little, managed on both fides in Printed Tradaces^ the laft of which
iwas.that o^Beza^ firft publiftied zt Geneva , reprinted afterwards at Lo/f-
dort, Anno 1 590. But in the mean time the Gensvim Difcipline was ad^
mitted in both Palatinates , the Countrey divided into Clafses and Syno-
dical Meetings- thofe Clafses fubdivided into their PrfjAf^m^;?^, and
each Presbytery furnillied with a power of excommunication ^ and exer-
cifingfuch Church-cenfuresastheFadlr^'quired. Bat then we are to
know withall, that thofe wife Princes being loath to leave to much
Authority in the hands of the Elderlhips, with whofe encroachments on
the power of th- Civil Magiftrate they were well ac^uain^^^^d, appointed
fome Superiour Officers of their own-nomination to fit as Clii f amont^ft
them, without whom nothing could be done ^ and they were fLire that
by them nothing would be done , which either mi^ht intrench up-
on their Authority , or their people's liberty. A temperament for
which they were beholden to the faid Erajlus , whobein^ a Dodor.
of Phyfick (as before was noted) devifed this Pill 10 purge Presbytery of
fome
78 Clfte "^i^m of t^e |^^0b^cnan0. Lib. in.
fome Pcp-p humours, which fecretly lay hid in the body of \u
A. The like alloy was mixed with the Cenev^ar} Difcipline iti the
Churches oiHaffia-i Naffarv, and thofe other petite Eftatcs and SignoHes,
which make up the Confederacie of the Wetter-tvians. Which havin»
once received the Dodlrine of ZuingUm , did fliortly after entertain the
CdvintAn Elderfhips , l^ut moderated and reftrained iu thofe Exorbitan-
cies which the Pz-w^^f^fn^^/ adually committed in the Realm oi Scotland^
and in moft places elfe fubjeded unto their Authority. But in regard
the Pahtine Churches are efteemed as a Rule to the reft (the reft of Gef-
wani I m an j in all points of Doftrine 5 and that the publick Catechifm
thereof is generally reckoned for Authentick, notonely ia the Churches
of the High':r Germany, but in the Nttherland-Qh\xxc\\ts alfo 5 it will not
be amifs to take notice of them in fuch Dodrinal Points , in which they
come up clofe to Calvin^znd the Rules of Geneva. Firft therefore faking
them for ZuingltMs in the point of the Sacrament , and Antl-Lutherians
indefacino Images, aboliftiingalldiftindionof Faftsand Fcftivals, and
utterly denying all let-Forms of publick Worfhip •, they have declared
themfelves as high in maintainance o£CaIvm Dodrincs touching Pre-
deftination, Grace, Free-will, &c. zs any fub-lapfarian, or fufr a- 1. pfarian,
which had moft cordially efpoufed that Quarrel. For proof whereof,
l\\Q Wntm^s oftirjine tnd PareufjAlJied^ Pifcaior^ and the reft , Pr^fef-
fors in the Schools of Heidelberg^ Herhorne , and Sedan (being all within
the limits of the Highex Germanfy might be here produced, did I think it
neceflary. But thefe not being the proper cognizances of the Presbyte-
rians, andbetter to be taken by their aftings in the Synode of Dorf, then
in fcattered Traftates ; I fliall take notice onely of thofe points of Do-
ctrine which are meer Genevian , in reference to their oppofition to Mo-
narchial Government •-, a Doi^rine noc unwelcome to the Zuinglian
Princ'-s in either Germany , becaufe it gives them a fit ground for their
iuftification , not on^ly for proceeding to reform their Churches with-
out leave of the Emperour , whom they muft needs acknowledge for
their Supreme Lord 5 but alfo for departing from the Confeflion of
Ausbtrg , which onely ought to be received within the bounds of the
Empire.
5, Firft then, beginning with Wr/w , publick Profeffor for Divinity
in the Chair of Heidelberg , he tims inftrudts us in his Commentary on
the Palatine Catechifm. J Ibeit ({zith he) that wicked Men [ometimes bear
Mule, and therefore are unworthy of honours •, yet the office is to be dipnguijh:d
from their Pcrfons , and that the Man whcfe vices are to be detefted , ought to be
honoured fo his Office., as Gods Spiritual Ordinance : which is a truth focon-
fonaat to the Holy Scriptures , that nothing could be faid more pioufly
in fo fh ")rt a pofition. But then he gives us fuch a Glofs as corrupts the
Text, telling us in the words next following , That fi/sce Superiours are
to be honmred in refpe^ of their office , it is therefore maftifefi., that fo far onely
JVC mu/lyeiU obedience unto their commands ., as they exceed not in the fame the
bo»nd< of their offices. Which plainly intimates, that if Princes be at any
time tranfportcd beyond the bound of their Offices , of which the peo-
ple and their popular Magiftrates are the onely Judges , the Subje<as are
not bound to yeild obedience unto their commands , under pretence
that they are paft beyond their bounds , and have no influence on the
People,
Lib, III. Cl^e m&tsf.'ioftlgz l^ieja^tertattflt. j^
People 5 but onely when they Ihine within the compafs of their propbt
Spheres.
6. More plainly Tpeaks Fareusy who fucceeded him bath in place and
Dodrines-, outof whole Commentary on the 15 Chapter ofSt. J'auh
Epiftletotheiffl/»4«.r,the following propolicions were ex trailed by fome
Delegates and Divines of c»a'<?/z, when the unfoundnefs of his Judcreinenc
in this particular was queftioned and condemned by that Univtrrfuv.
Firft then it was declared for a truth undoubted , That B/Jhjips dnd other
Minivers or Pafiors in the Church of chnfi , both mght and ouo-h , with tkc
■ cenfefit of their fefer.il churches J ts Excommuntc.ite^ or give ever to the power
of Sutafij thetr Sttpenour Magiftntes-, for thar impietj towards God^ and their
injuflice torvarJs their Stthje^fs, if they continued tn thofe err ours after admoni-
tien^ till they gave fome manifejl figns of their repentance. 2. That Suhieffs
beiKg in the condition ofrrncr private men^ ought not without fome lawful callin'r
tithsr to take Arms to ajjaitlt a Tyrant^ before their ownperfonsb: indanq-end-
-er ■to defend themfelves though they be indangered^ if by the ordinary Maq-illrates
■4hey may be defended from ficb force and violence. 3 . That SubjeBs bem? tn
the coniiti nofmecr private mm , may lawfully take Arms to defend thcmfelvH
■ againfi a Tyrant , who violently Jlall break mupon them as a Thief or Rd-Vifhef
and expedite themfelvesfrom the prefent danger , as again fl a common Thief and
Robber^ when from the ordinary Magifiratus there appeareth no defence orfuc-
ceur. 4. That fuch Subje£is as are not meerly private men ^ but are placed in
feme infriour Magijlrac^ may lawfully by ft^cet^ Arms defend th^mfelviSi the
"^CfimmOfi-wpealth^the Church ai^d the true Religion , againfl the pleafure and
"temmand cf the Supreme Magiflrate : Thefe foUswing conditions beiri^ cbfe'r-
' ved^ that is to fay if either the Supreme Magiflrate become a Tyrant^ pra^ifeth
tQcemmitlMoiry , orblafpheme Cods Name ^ er that any great andnotablein-
fufiiee be ojfered to them^ ai that thtj cannot other wife preferve their cenfcitnces
andliv;s in fafety : conditioned finally., that under colour of Religion ^and a Zeal
■ to ^ufl:ce^thiey do not rather feek their private ends then the fublick go'jd. And
thislaft propv)fition b{;ing fo agreeable to'Cahins Do(anne,he flourifhelh
over, and inforceth with thofe wortls of Trajan ,' which before we cited
out oiBuchan , when he required the principal Captain of his Guard to
aft the Sword inhisdefence, if he governed well -, but to turn the point
'thereof againft him, if he did the contrary. • '■■•'Oif,
- ' J. Building their pradice ©n thefe Dodrines , We find the Palatine
-'Princes very fenr-ward in aiding the Ftench ffHgonotsz'g^zin&: their Kihc^ ^5^7-
' vi^On all occ-afioHs. In the firft rifings of that people , Monfieur /^»-
"/f/tff was furmflied with five thoufand Horfe , and four thoufand Foot
«iMofrhe^Yi being of the Subjeds of the Prince -Etedar, Annoi^6zy
: .when he had but «e\vly entertained the th6\i^htscf Zuinglianifm , and
had not fully fettled the Calviman Dodrines. Biit in the year i'565,
' when the ffugonets were upon the point 6Ta-fecond War , he joyns with
others of the C7.rmj« Princes in a common AmbafTie, by whic^lthe
French King was to be defired, that thePreachers of the Reformed' Re-
•figion might Preach both in JP^m, and, aH other places of the Kingdom
without control , and that the people freely might repair to heat them
in what numbers they pleafed. To ivhich unfcafonable demand , the
• King, though naturally veryCholerick, made no other anfwer,then that
he would prefervea friendlhip and jjffedion for thofe Princes fo lon^ as
mey
m
8o '^i^ ^iftojf of tl^e |^je0ttterian0* Lib* iii
they did not meddle in the Affairs of his Kingdom, as he did not meddle
at all in their Eftates. After which, having fomewhat recolleded his
Spirits, he fubjoyned thefe words, with manifcft fliew of his difpleafure,
that it concerned him to folicite their Princes to fuffer the Catholicks
to fay Mafs in all their Cities. With which nipping anfwer the Am-
baffadors being; fent away , they were followed immediately at the
heels by fome of the Hugonots , who being Agents for the reft, prevailed
with Prince ^ohn Cafimir the fecond Son of the Eledtor , to raife an Ar-
my in defence of the common Caufe. To which purpofe they had
already furniihed him with a fmall fum of money , affuring him that
when he was come unto their Borders , they would pay down one hun-
dred thouland Crowns more towards the maintainance of his Army.
Which promifes perfwading more then the greatefl Rhetorick, excited
him, with many Captains and Commandcrs,who for the moft part lived
upon fpoil and plunder , to raife an Army of feven thoufand Horfeand
four thoufand Foot, with which they made foul work in Trance^ waft-
ing andfpoiling all Countries wherefoever they came : for being joyned
unto the reft of the Htigomts Army , they found thtm broug'it to fuch a
poor and low condition, that they were not able to advance the leaft
part of that fum which they had proraifed to piovide againft their com-
1^6%. incr. Somewhat was raifed by way of Contribution J to keep them in
fome prefenc compliance •, and for the reft, they were permitted to pay
themfelves in the fpoil of the Countrey, efpecially Churches, Monafte-
rics,and Religious Houfes. But tlie Queen offering terms of Peace ,none
were more forward then iht(t Germans to imbrace the offer , and Cajimir
more forward in it then all the reft. The King had offered todisburfc
a oreat part of the money which belonged to the Souldi^rsfor their pay, ;
■vy^ich to thofe mercenary fpirits was too ftrong a temptation to be re-
fifted or negleded.
8. Thefe Germans were fcarcely fctled in their fcveral Houfes , when
the ffugomts brake out again, and a new Army muft be raifed by the
Duke of Zudibruck (whom the French call the Duke o( Deuxpo/tts) a
1569. Prince of the Collateral Line to- the Eledoral Family-, who upon
hope of being as well paid as his Cozen Cr/w/r, tempted with many rich
promifes by the Htads of the Hugonots and fecretly encouraged by foipe
Minifters of the Queen oi England ^ made himfelf Mafter of a great
and puiflant Army , confifting of eight thoufand Horfe and fix thou-
fand Foot. With this Army he waftes all the Countrey , from the
very edge of Burgundy to the Banks of the Z,wr^- crofTeth that Riy^qr,
and commits the like outrages in all the Provinces which lye between
that River and the Aquitain Ocean. In which adtion, either with the
change ofair,thetedioufncfsofhis-Marche5,orexceflivedrinking,he fell
into a violent Feaver, which put a period to his travails within few days
after. Nor did this Army come off better , though it held out longer :
for many of them being firft confumed with ficknefs, arifing from their
own intemperance , and the delicious lufts of the Strumpets o£ France-^
the reft were zlmodzWcntoff at. the Buts.il of Mont-counter :, in which
they loft; two Colonels , and twenty feven Captains of Foot , and
all their Horfe except two thoufand , which faved themfelves under
Count Lodowick o( Naffarv. But the love of money prevailed more
with
Lib. III. ci^e l^tftojt of tHjz pm^tt^mn^.
with them then the fear of death: For within few years after, a»k^
1575, we find thtm entring France again under Prince ^ohtt Caftmtr^
in company with the young Prince oi Conde^ who had lolHcitcd the
Caufe. The Aritiy, at that time confifting of eight thoufand Horfe
three thoufand /';'^*^^ Fire-locks, and no fewer then fourteen thoufand
^rp/>z.and Germane Voot-, joyned with the Hugonots^ and a new fadion
of Politicks or Mde-comcnts, under the command of the Duke of y^/4«,j
zon.^ who had revoked from his Brother • became fo terrible to the
King, that herefolved to buy his Peace upon any rates. To which
end, having fomewhat cooled the heats of his Brother, he purchafeth
the- departure of the Germane Souldiers, by ingaging to pay them
their Arrears, Which came in all to twelve hundred" thouland Crowns
on a full computation : Befides the p:iyment of which vaft fum he-
was to gratifie Prince Cd//»/> with the Signory of Chafieau-Thierry in
the Province of Champagne, the command of one hundred i='r«-^fy& Lan-
ces, and an annual penlion of fourteen thoufand Crowns, as before
was faid.
9. In the mean time the flamesi of the like civil War confuiiied a
great part of FLri^ers-, to which the Prince Eledior mufl: brin^ Fewel
alfo: For being well aifedted to the Houle o( Na^aw^ and more par-
ticularly to the Prince of Ormge^ and knowing what encouragements
the Calvittims in the Netl'erid»di had received from them ^ he heark-
ned cheerfully to fuch Propofitions as were made to him at the firft
by Count Lcdmkk his Minilters, and after by the Agents of the Prince
himfelf. But thefefmaU Forces which he fent, at their firft inga-
ging doing no great fcrvice, he grants them (uch a large fupply after the
hrft return of Prince Cd/?w/>j Army, Anno I5<58, as made them up a
Body of French and Germans, CO'-'ififting of fevcn thoufand Foot, and
four thoufand Hotfe •, with which he fenf Prince Chrtjlopher a. younoet
fon, to gain experience in the War, and to purchafe Honour. And
though he might have been difcouraged by the lofs of that Army, and
the death of his Son into the bargain, from medling further in that
quarrel ^ yet the Calvinian fpirit fo predominated in his Court and
Counfels that a.iother Armyfhould be raifed, and Cafimir imployed
as Commander of it, as fooii as he could give himfelf the leaft af-
furance that the French required not his afllftance. During the lan-
guifhing of which Kingdom between Peace and War, the War in
Flanders grew more violent and fierce then ever, which moved the
Provinces confederated with the Prince ofOr^^i^^to enter into a ftrii^
union with the Queen of EngLnd-, who could not otherwife preferve
herfelf from the plots and pradllcesof Don ^ohn o( Jujlria, by which
belaboured toembroyl her Kingdom. By the Articles of which League
orUnion, ihe bound her felf to aid them with one thoufaad Horie
and five thoufand Foot-, thegreateft part whereof Hie raifed in the
Dominions of the Prince Eledor, or indeed rather did contribute to
the payment of fo much mony for his Army which was drawn to-
gether for the fervice of ^he Prince of Orange, as might amount unto
that number. And that they might receive the greater countenance
in the eye of the World, llie fends iotCaJimir into England, where he
arrived about the latter end of January 1578, is Rovallv feafted by
M ■ ' thf
I
S2 Cl^l^iftoj^oft^l^ie^brtenanji. Lib. iil
the Queen, rewarded with an annual Penfion, and in the next year
made Knight of the Garter alfo. By thefe encouragements he returns
tahis charge in the Army which he continued till the calling in of the
Dnke of Jnjou, and then retired into CermAnj to take breath a
while ; where he found fuch an alteration in the State of affairs,
as promifed him no great aiTurance of employment on the like oc-
cafion.
10. Vox Lodevoick xht fifth fucceeding Prince Eleftor in the place of
his Father, and being more inclined to the Lutheran Forms, did in time
fettle all his Churches on the fame foundation on which it had been
built by the Eledors of the former Linej fo that it was not to be thought
that either he could aid the Hngomts^ or the Belgick Cahinifis in any
of their Infurredtions againft their Princes, if either of them poflibly
could have had the confidence to have moved him in it. But he be-
inc dead, and Frederick the Fourth fucceeding , the ZuingUan Do-
drines and the GeneveAn Difcipline are reftored again •, and then Prince
Cafmir is again follicited to raife a greater power the-n ever for the
aid of the French. The Catholicks of which Realm had joyoed"
themfelves in a common League not onely to exclude the King of
Jiavar and the Prince of CoKiie from their Succeflion to the Crown,
but wholly to extirpate the Reformed Religion. To countcrpoife
which Potent Facftion, the King of Navar and his Aflbciatesinthat
caufe implored theaififtanceof their Friends in (Jfrw^jwy, but more par-
ticularly the Prince Eledor Palatme, the Duke of Wirtemierge, the
Covint of-^Momhelliard^ and the Proteftant Cantons ; who being much
moved by the danger threatned unto their Religion, and powerfully
ftirred up by Beza, who was adive in it, began to raife the greateft
Army that ever had been fent from thence to the aid of the Htigonots :
And that the action might appear with fome face of Juftice, it was
thought fit to try what they could do towards an atonement, by fending
their AmbalTadors to the Court of France before they .entred with tlieir
forces. But the Ambaflador of Prince C/i/zwir carried himfelf in that
imployment with fo little reverence, and did fo plainly charge the King
with the infringing of the Edids of Pacification, that the King dif-
mift them all with no fmall difdain -, telling them roundly, that he
would give any man the lye which fhould prefume to tax him of the
breach of hi^ promife. This fliort difpatch haftned the coming in ofthe
Army, compounded of twelve thoufand German Horfe, four thoufand
German Foot, fixteen thoufand Svfitz^ and about eight thoufand French
Auxiliaries which ftaid their coming on the Borders. With which vaft
Army they gained nothing but their own deftrudion ^ for many of
them being confuraed by their own intemperance, more of them wafted
by continual skirmifties with which they were kept exercifed by the
Duke of Gui[e^ moftof the reft were miferablyflaughtered by him near
a place called Aunean>{3. Town ofthe Province oi La Beaufe') or murthc-
red by the common people, as they came in their way.
II. Such ill fuccefs had Frederick the fourth in the Wars of France^
as made him afterwards more careful in engaging in them, until he w^s
therein follicited on a better ground to aid that King againft the Lea-
guers, and other the difturbers of the Common Peace. Nor did
fome
Li b. III. C^e !^iaoj¥ of t^e Wf^^Vtztiam. 8|
fome other of the petty Princes fpeed much better in. thefucc^ft of
this Affair -, the Country of MonthelgHard paying dearly for the Zeal-of
their Count, and ah-noll wholly ruined by the forces of the Duke 6^
Guife. Hokrt thchR Duke of Bouillon^ of the Houfe of Mark e^ had
fpcnt a great part of his time in the acquaintance o( Bcza, and after-
wards became a conftanr follower of the King of Navar^ by whom' 'h^
was imploycd in raifing this great Army of ^jvi.'A and Cermafts^ and
deftined to a place of great Command and Condud in it : Efcaping with"
much difficulty in the day of the flaughter, he came by many unfre-
quented ways to the Town o( Geneva 'j where, either fpent with grief
of mind, or toyl of body, hedyedfoon after, leaving the Signory of j'^-
dafi ro his Sifter Chariot^ and her to thedifpofing of the King of Navay^
who gave her in Marriage, not long after, to the Vifcount Twrcw^ . but
he had firft eftablilhed Cahi/iifm both for Doftrine and Difcipline in
all the Towns of hisEftatc^ in which they were afterwards confir-
med by the Marriage of Henry DeUteure Vifcount oiTurenne^ Soverai<Th
of ^f^j^^^and Duke of Bouillon by his former Wife, with one of the
Daughters o'i William oi Nafarv Pnnce of Oraft^e, a profeiTed Cdvinian^
the influence of which Houfe, by reafon of the great Command
which they had in the Netherlands, prevailed fo far on many of the
Neighbouring I^rinces, that not onely the Counties of Nafavo and
Bnnaxv^ with the refi of the Confederacy of Fetterdvia, but a great
part of Hdlfia alfo gave entertainment to thofe Dodlrines, arid teceived
that Difcipline, which hath given fo much trouble to the reft of
Chriftendom. Which faid, we have an eafie palTage to the Belgick
Provinces, where we fliall find more work in profecution of the Story,
then all the Signories and Eftates of the Upper Germany can prefent un-
to us.
12. The 5e/^,d' Provinces, fubjed in former times to the Dukes of
Smgmd'j^ and by dvfcent from them to the Kings of Spain^ are on all
fides invironcd with France and Germany^ except toward the IVefi-^
where they are parted by the Inter-current-Ocean from the Realm
of England, with which they have maintained an ancient and wealthy
Traffick. Being originally in the hands offeveral Princes, Fthey fell
atlaft by many diftind Titles to the Houfe of 5«r^«W;)/ • allof them,
except five, united in the perfon of Duke Vhilifthe good; and thofe
five added to the reftbyC^4r/(rj the V. From hence arofe that diffe-
rence which appears betvveen them in their Laws and Cuftoms, as
wellasin diftind and peculiar Priviledges -, which rendred it a mat-
ter difficult, if not impolTIble, to mould them into one eftate, or to
ered them into an abfolute and Soveraign, though it was divers times
endeavoured by the Princes of it. The whole "divided commonly in-
to feventeen Provinces, moft of them fince they came into the power
of the Kings of Sfam^ having their own proper and fubordinate Go-
vernoiirs accountable to their King, as their Lord in Chief, who had
the fole difpofil of them, and by them managed all Affais both of war
and peace, according to their feveral and diftind capacities: All of
them priviledged fo far, as to fecure them all (without a manifeft vio-
lation of their Rights and Liberties) from the fear of Bondage. But
none fo amply priviledged as the Province of Brabant^ to which it had
Mz beein'
g4 Cl^e l^ifto?^ of tl^e i^n^t^trnm. Lib. in.
been granted by fome well-meaning, but weak Prince amongft them,
that if their Prince or Duke (by which name they called him)
ftiould by ftrong hand attempt the violation of their ancient privi-
kges , the Peers and People might proceed to a new Eledion, and
put themfelves under the Clyentele or Patronage of fome juft Go-
vernqor.
i2. The whole Eftate thus laid together, is reckoned to contain no
more in compafs then twelve hundred miles*, but is withall fo well
planted, and extremely populous, that thereare numbered in that com-
pafs no fewer then three hundred and jSfty CitieSj and great Towns e-
qual unto Cities ^ befides fix thoufand and three hundred Villages of
name and note, (foraeof them equal to great T^wns) not taking in the
fmallet Dorps and inferiour Hamlets. But amongft all the Cities
and freat Towns, there were but fjur whicn anciently were honou-
red with Epifccpal Sees, that is to>'"ay, the Cities cf Utrecht^ Carr-hray^
Toumay:, and Jrras •, and of thcfe four, they cnely of Jnas and Toar-
•ftay were naturally fubjed to the Priic.s of the Houfe cf Burgundy 5
the Bifliop of Camhray being anciently a Prince of the Empire, and
Utrecht not made fubj^^Ct to them till the Government of Charles the V.
Which paucity of the Epifcopal Sees in fo large a Territory fubjedled
fome of the Provinces to the Bidiops of Xf/Vf, fome to the jurifdidi-
on of the Archbiiliops of Rheims and Cole>t, and others under the autho-
rity of the Biftiopsof Munfier. Of wliichthefirft were in fome fort
under the Protedion of the Dukes of ^»r^»W;', the three laftablolute
and independent, not owing any fuit or Service at all unto them. By
means whereof, concernments of Religion were not looked into with
fo ftrid an eye, as where the Bidiops are accomptable to the Prince for
their Adminiftration, or more united with and amongft themfelves in
the publick Government. The inconvenience whereof being well ob-
ferved by ch/trles the Fifth, he pra(5tifed with the Pope then being for
increafino the number of tha Bifliopricks, reducing them under Arch-
bifhops of their own,and Modelling the Ecclefiaftical Politie under fuch
a Form, as might enable them toexcrcife all manner of fpiritual jurif-
didlion within themfelves, without recourfe to any Forein Power or
Prelate but the Pope himfelf. Which being firft defigned by him, was
afterwards cfFe(5ted by King Philip the Second, though the event proved
contrary to his expedation. For this enlargement of the number of
the Sees Epifcopal, being projeded only for the better keeping of the
Peace and Unity of the ^f/^/V^ Churches, became unhappily theocca-
fionof many Tumults and Diforders in the Civil State, which drew
on the defedion of a great part of the Country from that Kings obe-
dience.
14. For fo it was, that the Reformed Religion being entertained in
TfAnce and Germany:, did quickly find an entrance alfo into fuch of the
Provinces as lay nearcft to them 5 where it found people of all forts
Efficiently ready to receive it. To the increafe whereof the Emperor
Charls himfelf gave no fmall advantage, by bringing in fo many of the
^j}'/;^^ and Cerw^iwSouldiers to maintain his power, eithet in awing his
own fubjeds, or againft the French^ by which laft he was frequently
invaded in the bordering Provinces. Nor was Queen Mary of England
wanting
Lib. III. ctie ll^imv of tl^e mt^tttemm, $5
wanting (though (he meant it not) to the increafing of theirnumbers.
For whereas many of the Natives of France aiidCerman^, ivho were af-
fe^ed zealoufly to the Reformation , had put themflivcs for Sanauarv
into England in the time of King Edward •, they were all banifhed by Pro-
clamation in the firft year of her Reign. Many of which not daring to
xeturn to their feveral Countries difperfed themfelves in moft of the
good Towns of the Belgick Provinces (cfpecially in fuch as lay moft neer
unto the Sea) wher. they could beft provide themfelves of a poor fubfi-
ftance. By means whereof the Doftrine of the Proteftant and Re-
formed Churches began to get much ground upon them 5 to which the
continual intercourfes which they had with England gave every day
fuch great and manifeft advantage , that the Emperour was fain to be-
think hirafelf of fome proper means for the fuppreffing of the inconve-
niences which might follow on it. And means more proper he found
none in the whole courfe of Government , then to increafe the numbet
of the former Bifliopricks , tore-inforce fome former Edi<fts which he
made againft them , and to bring in the Spanif}} Inqu:ft;ion , which he
eftablilhed and confirmed by another Edicl, bearing djte Apnl 20. isaS^
Which notwithftanding tiie Proieflfors of that Dodrine , thouoh re-
ftrained awhile , could not be totally fuppreffed 5 fome Preachers out
of Germany , and others out of France and England^ promoting under-
hand thofe Tenents, and introducing thofe opinions, which openly thev
durft not own in thofe dangerous times. But when the Emperour Charles
had refigned the Government, and that King Fhiljf the Second , upon
fome Urgent Reafons of State had retired to Spain ^ and left the chief
command of his Belgick Provinces tothe Dutchcfs of Parma ^ they then
began to fhcw themfelves with the greater confidence , and gained fome
great ones to their f^de , whom difcontentby reafon of thedifappoint-
ment of their feveral aims had made inclinable to innovation both in
Church and State.
15. Amongft the great ones of which time, there was none morecon-
fiderable for Power and Patrimony then WHHam of iV^^jp Prince of
Orange , inverted by a long defcent of Noble Anceftors in the County of
Nafaw , a fair and goodly Territory in the Higher Germany 5 polTeft of
many good Towns and ample Signories in Brabant 1^6. Holland^ derived
upon him from Mary Daughter and Heir of Phdif Lord of Breda Sec. his
great Grand-fathers Grand-mother -, and finally, enriched with the Prin-
cipality of Or^w^f in Frartce , accruing to him by the death of his Coufin
Rene •, which gave him a precedencie before all other Belgick Lords in
the Court of Brunei. By which advantages , but more by his abilities
both for Camp and Counfel , he became great in favour with the Em-
perour Charles •, by whom he was made Governour of Hollared and Zea-
land^ Knight of the Order of the Fleece-, imployed in many EmbaflTies
of weight and moment, and trufled wixh his deareft and moft fccrct par-
pofes. For Rivals in the Glory of Arms he had the. Counts of ^^r/;
and Egmond, men of great Provvefs in the field , and alike able at all
times to command and execute. But they were men of open hearts,
not pra<aifed in the Arts of Subtility and Diffiraulation , and wanted
much of that dexterity and cunning which the other had for working
into the affedions of all forts of people. Being advanced unto this
erainencie
ss '^t f iftojt of t^e ^?e0tttertan^. Lib. iii
eminehcie in the Court , and knowing His own ftrength as well amongft
the Souldiers as the common people , he promifed to himfelf the Su-
preme Government of the Belgkk Provinces on the Kings returning into
Sfdn. The difappointmentof which hope,obliterated the remembrance
of all former favours , andfpurredhimon to make himfelf the Head of
the Proteftant party, by whofe aififtance he conceived no fmall poflibili-
tyofraifing the i\r<jj[fmrf»family to as great an height as his ambition'
could al pi re to.
i6. The Proteftants at that time virere generally divided into two
tnain bodies, not to fay any thing of the An^ibaptfis and other Sedaries
who thruft in araon gft them. Such of the Provinces as lay toward Ger-
mam-i and had received their Preachers thence , embraced the Forms
and Doftrines of the Z«^^fr4«C'iurches , in which notonely Images
had been ftill retained, together with fet-jorms of Prayer, kneeling at
the Communion, the Crofsin Baptifm, and many other laudable Cere-
monies of the Elder times 5 but alio moft of the ancient Fafls and Fefti-
vals of the Catholick Church, and fuch a Form of Ecclefiaflical Poli-
ty, as was but little differing from that of Bifhops: which Forms and
Dodrines being tolerated by the Edidls of Pan(J^iv and Ataherg , made
them lefs apt to work difturbance in the Civil Stare , an J ctnfequently
the lefs obnoxious to the fears of the jealouliesof the Catholick rarty.
But on the other fide, fuch Provinces as lay toward France participated
of trhe humour of that Reformation which was there begun , mo elled
according unto Cdvim Platform both in Doctrine and Difcipline. More
ftomacked then the other, by all thofe who adhered to the Church of
Eome , or otherwife pretended to the peace and fafety of the Common-
wealth : for the French Preachers being more Praftical and Mercurial
then the other were , and not well principled in refpedl of Monarchical
Government , were looked upon as men more likely to beget commoti-
ons,and alienate the peoples hearts from their natural Governour. And
at the firft the Prince of Orange inclined moft to the Lutheran party,
whofe Forms and Dodlrines had been fetled by his Father in the Coun-
ty of Naffarv ' And for the clear manifeftation of the good opinion which
he harboured of them, he Married Jnne the Daughter of Maurice Duke
Eledorof saxony, the greateft of the Lutheran Princes. At which
when the Dutchefs of Parma fecmed to be difpleafed , he openly affured
her of his Adhefion to the Catholick caufe , and caufed his eldeft Son
which he had of that Marriage to be Baptized according to the Prefcript
of the Church of Home 5 but underhand promoted for a time the Luther-
an Intereft, which he had fucked in as it were with his Mothers Milk.
But it was onely for a time that he fo promoted it : For finding the Cal-
'uinians to be men of another Metal , more quick and ftirring of them-
felves , more eafily exafperated againft their Governours , and confe-
quently more fit to advance his purpofes •, he made himfelf the great
Protedor of that fa(ftion, and fpared not to profefs himfelf for fuch upon,
all occafions ^ infomuch, that being afterwards queftioned about his
Religion by the Duke of Jrefcot ^ he difcovered to him his bald head,
and told him plainly, that there was not more Cahifm on his head, then
there was Cah'tnifm in his heart.
17. But to make way for thefe defigns , there were two obftacles to
bs
Lib.iii. lE^tje #iftojf of tl^e ^jessbfterfen?.
be removed, without which nothing could be done in purfuancc of thein
King Philifzi his going for Sfam , had left three thouCand Spamfh Soul-
diers (the onely remainder of thofe great Armies which had ferved his
Father and himfelf againft the French) in Garrifon upon the Bcrders^
under pretence of fhutting up the back-door againft the French^ but ee^
nerally thought to be left of purpofe for a curb to the Natives*, iti'Cafe
of refra^aorinefs or oppofition unto his Commands. They muft be firft
removed , and the Countrey cleared of all fuch rubs as otherwife woald
have made the way lefs paffable unto private ends. For though the
King had put thofe SouldierS' under the Command of two Lords of the
Netherlands^ that is to fay, the Prince oi Orange himfelf, and the Count
Bgment, that they might rather feemto be the natural Militia of the
Countrey, then a power of ftrangers ^ yet that device did little edifie a-
amongftthem: for the two Lords, elpeciaily the Prince of Or d/??-^ ex-
prefled fuch contentment in the truft and honour which was therein con-
ferred upon them , that they excited the whole Countrey both to move
the King before his going, and the Govemefs after his departure to dif-
mifs thofe Souldiers which could not be impofed upon them without
breach of their Priviledges. To this requeft the King had given agra-
tious anfwer, and promifed to remove them within four months after his
going into Sfain •, but fccretly gave order to the Lady Regent to retain
them longer , till the new Bifliops and the Irqttifition were confirmed
amongft them. And Ihe conceived her felf fo bound to thofe inftrudli-
ons , and their detaining there fo neceflfary for his Majefties Service
that ihe delayed time as long as poifibly (he could : Which beinf^ obffef-
ved by thofe which were of grcateft power and credit with the common
people, it wasrefolved thatno more contribution fhould be raifed on
the feveral Provinces toward the payment of their wages-, and on the
other fide, the Regent was fo conftant to her refolution, that fhe took Up
money upon interell far their fatisfadion. But bdng wearied in the end
by the importunity of all forts of people, counfelled by her Husband the
Duke oiParmx to give way unto it , and authorized at laft by the King
himfelf to hearken unto their defires -, (he gives order to have them dtisA
out of their feveral Garrifons, and Shipt at Flujhing -, from thence to be
tranfportedinto 5/^1/ » with the firft fair wind. ■
1 8. The eafie removing of this rub , incouraged thofe who manao«l
the defign for innovating in the Church and State , to make the like at-
tempt againft the Cardinal Granvel-^ whofe extraordinary parts and
power they were more affraid of, then of all the Spaniards in the Coun-
trey. This man being of the Perenots o^ Granvel in the Countrey cJf
Bitrgmdj , was trained up by a Father of fuch large abilities , that he
was by Charles the Fifth made Chancellor' of the German Empire , and
trufted by him in Affairs of the greateft moment : And he declared him-
felf to be fuch a quick proficient in the Schools of Learning, that he be^
came the Mafterofnofewer then feven Languages-, (in aU whiiih he
was able to exprefs himfelf with a fluent eloquence; and at twenty foair
years of age was made Bifliopof^rr^j .• commended by his Father to
theEmperour Charles, and by him unto Kiiig Philif the Second , he fer-
ved them both with great fidelity and courage •, and had withall fuch a
dexterity of difpatch in all coBccrnnients, aj if he had been rather born
gg Ci^ l^mm of ti^e i^je^Dtterian?. Lib. iii.
then made a States-man. And unto thefe he added fuch a moderation
* his bkafures , fuch abftinence both from food and flee when the c'af^
^eauircd it, fuch extraordinary pains in accommodating al ihedifficu'.-
ties which came before him jancl fuch a diligent obfervance of I us Piuiccs
motions, that his greatcft Adverfaries could not chufe but lay , that he
was a Jewel, fit to be owned by none but the greateft Kings. By means
whereof , he fo prevailed upon the King whilft he ftaid amongU them;
that he did nothing either at home or abroad , made neither Peace nor
League with Kings or Nations •, concluded no Marriage, quieted no Se-
ditions aded nothing that related to Religion or the Church, in w.hich
the counfels of this man were not influential. The like Authority he
held with theDutchefsofP<irw4,notonely out of that report which the
Kino made of him , but her own election , who found his counfel fo ap-
plyabletoall occafions , that feldom any private or publick bufmefs
came in agitation , in which his judgement had not been previoufly re-
auired before it was openly delivered. And though his previous refolu-
tions in matters of counfel , .were carried with all imaginable care and
clofenefs from the eyes of the Courtiers ^ yet no man aoubtedbiu that
all Afi^airs were tranfaded by him, imputing many thingsunto him, as it
often happeneth, which he had no hand in.
ir;. In the firft rifings of this man , he was defpifed fof an upflart by
the Prince of Ora»ge^ and fomc other great men of the Countrey •, not
fearing any thing from him , as an alien born , unfurnifliei of depen-
dants and who by reafonof his calling could make no ftrong Alliance
to preferve his Power. But when they found that his Authority in-
creafed that all things bended to that point at which he aimed , and
that fora'e of the Nobility began to apply themfelves unto him , and be-
came his Creatures 5 they then conceived it necelTary to make head a-
cainft him , for fear of being brought to the like fubmilfions. Firft
therefore they began to clalh with him at the Counfel-Table , and to
diffent from many things which he appeared in , though otherwifeof
oreat advanta<^c in themfelves to the pubUck Service. But finding that
Ihofe oppofitfonsdidratherferve to ftrengt hen his power, then rake
any thino from it , they mifreport him to the King in their feveral Let-
ters for a turbulent fpirit, a man of proud thoughts, and one that hated
the Nobility. By whofedepreffing, he afpired to more pcrfonal great-
nefs then was confiftent either with his Majeities fafeiy or the Belgick
Liberties. And that being done , they generally traduce him by their
Whifperers amongft the people, to be the onely man that laboured fox
the bringing in of the Inqaifition , and for eftablilhing the new Bilhops
in theirVeveral Sees, under pretence of flopping the increafe of Seds and
Herefies : And unto thefe reports of him, he gave fome fair colour, by
profecutin^ the concernments of the Church with more zeal then cau-
tion ? lying the moreopcn to the pra(5liccs of the growing party , by a
feemine negled of their intendments , and a reliance onely on his Ma-
fters favoiir. From hence it was, that fuch as did pretend to any licen-
tioufnefs in Life or Dodrine , exclaimed againft him as the Author of
thofe feverities wherewith the King had formerly proceeded againft di-
vers of them 5 as on the other fide , they cryed up all the Lords which
appeared againft him,as the chiefPatriotsof the Countrey^the principal
Patrons and AfTertors of the publick liberty. 20. The
Lib.iii. Cije ^imt of ti)t |^?ej5btterian^. s^
20. The people being thus corrupted, it was no hard matter for the
Lords to advance the Projed, in rcndiing Oran-vel as unplealing in thz
eyes of the King, as they had made him odious in the fight of the peo-
ple. In order wheri^unto, fome of them fliewed themfelves lefs care-
ful of theCaufe of Religion, by fmorhering the publication of his
Majefties Edids which concerned the Church in the Provinces under
their command. Others dealt under- hand with the common peopldi
perfwading them not to yeild fubmiiTion tothofe new Tribunals, which
onlyferved for the exercife of fuperftition, and the Popes Authority.
And fome again connived at the growth of Herefie (by which name
they called it) byfufferingthe maintainers of thofe new opinions to ^ec
ground amongft them ; encouraged fecretly fome feditious pradices 5
and finally omitted nothing, by which the King might underftand by a
fad experiment how much he hadmifplaced his favours^ and to whacf
imminent danger he expofed the NetherUnis^ by putting fuch Autho-
rity over them in the hands of a Foreiner, Of all which pradices the
Cardinal was too intelligeat,and had too many friends abroad to be kept
in ignorance •, which made him carry a more vigilant eye upon their
defigns, to crofs their Counftls, and elude their Artifices, when any
thing was offered to the prejudice of thepublick Peace : but in the end,
the importunity of his Adverfaries became fo violent, and the breach
had fuch a face of danger in the fight of the Governefs, that flie mo-
ved the King for his difmiflfion •, to prevent which, he firft reti-
red into Btirgimd'j^ and from thence to Rome • preferred not lont^
after to be Vice-Roy of the Realme of Nafles •, and final-
ly , made Prefident of the Council for Italy in the Court of
Spain.
21. In the mean time th^CahmJls began to try their Fortunes in
thofe Provinces which lay next to France, by fetting uptvvo of their
Preachers on the fame day in twu great Cities, Falenciennes the: chief
City of Haynalt, and Toiirnaj the chief City of Flanders Gallic nnt : In
the firfi of which, the Preacher having finidied in the Market-place
where he made his Sermon, was followed in the Streets by no fewer
then one hundred people •, but in the other, by a train of fix hundred,
or thereabouts, all of them finging Z)4^'/^/ Pialms o£ MarotsTrandsiii-
on, according to the cuftom of the Hugonots amongft the French Some
tumults hereupon enfued in either City-, for the reprcifing the Gover-
nour of that Province, rides in poft to Totirmy^ hangs up the Preacher,
feizetli on all fuch Books as were thought Heretical, and thereby put
an end to the prefent Sedition. But when the Marquefs of Bergen was
required to do the like at falenciennes^ he told the Governefs in plain
terms, that it was neither agreeable to his place or nature to put an
Heretick todeath. All that he did was the committing of two of their
Preachers to the common Prifon •, and that being done, he made a jour-
ney unto Leige to decline the bufinefs : Which io incourag^ d the Cahi-
nian^zxty to proceed in their purpofes, that they threacned mifchief
to the Judges, if any harm happened to the Prifoners. But fentence
atthefeven months end beiog part upon them to be burnt, and all things
being made ready for the, execution, the Prifoners brought unto the
Stake, and the fire ready rcilje kindled, there prefently arofe a tumult fo
N" fiercr
j,o 'WU "S^iUm of ^t ^it^t^tttim^. Lib. iiL
fierce and violent, that the Officers wf re compelled to take back their
Prifoners, and to provide for their own fafety, for fear ©f being fto-
ned to death by the furious multitude. But the people having once
bc^un, would not fo give over j for being inflamed by one of their
company, whom they had fet up inthemidft of the Market-place to
preach an extemporary Sermon, twothoufand of them ran tumultuou-
fly to the common Goal, force open the doors, knock off the Shackles
of the Prifoners, reflore them to their former Liberty, and fodifperfe
themfelves to their feveral dwellings. The news of which Sedition
being brought to Brufsels, the Governefs difpatcheth certain Compa-
nies of foot, and feme Troops of Horfe, with order to the Marquefs
of ^er^fw to appeafe the diforders in the Town. But they found all
things there fo quiet, that there was little need of any other Sword
then the Sword of Juftice ^ by which fome of the chief Ring-leaders
of the Tumult, and one of their Preachers (who had unhappily fallen
into their hands) were fentenced to that punifliment which they had de-
ferved.
22, 1 he Calvinifls conceiving by this woful experiment, that it was
not fafe jelling with Edged-tools, and that they were not of iuilicient
power for fo great a biafinefs, betook themfelves to other courfts. And
finding that fome of the principal Lords were much offended at the
exorbitant power of CrAn'vel^ that others Hiewed no gojd affeiflion to
his Majefties Government, and that the reft had no delue to fee the
new Bi(hops fetled in their feveral Sees, for fear of being over-pow-
ered by them in all publick Councils -, they fciiouflyapplycdthemfelve?
to foment thofedifcords, and make the rupture greater then at firft it
was. The new Bifliops being fourteen in number, were in themfelves
fo eminent in point of Learning, and of a converfation fo unblaraea- '
bleinthe eye§ of all men, that malice it felf could make no jiift ex-
ception againftthe perfons : A quarrel therefore muft be picked a-
gainft the Form and Manif?r of their indawment, whicli was by foun-
ding them in fuch wealthy Monafteries as were beft able to maintain
them i the Patrimony which anciently was allotted to the ufe of the
Abbot, being to be inverted (after the death of the incumbent) to the
ufe of the Biih^p. This was prefented to the Monks as a great disfran-
chifcment, a plain devefling of them of their Native Priviledges 5 not
only by depriving them of the choice of their Governour, but by placing
over them an imperious Lordinftead of an indulgent Father. The Ma-
"iftrates and peopleof fuch of the Cities as were defigned for the Sees of
the feveral Bi(hops, were pradifed on to proteft againft thrir admifllott;'
by whofedtlabllfliment the common people muft be fubjeftto more Ma-
ilers then before they were, and the Magiftrates nauft grow Lfs irt
power and reputation then they had been formerly. They reprefented to
the Merchants, that without liberty of Confcience ifwa».nof pollibie
there could be liberty of Trade^ the want whtreof muft needs brino with'
it their impoverilliing, a fenfible decay of all forts of Manufadures- and
CQnfequenxly, ^n expofing of the common people to exuremeft heggery;
Which coniideration, as appeared foon after, was alone fufftcknt, n(5t
only to ingage the Merchants, but to draw after them that huge rabble
of Mechanical people (which commonly make up the greuceft par-c-oE
all
Lib, III. Cfie l^iftoyi ef tl^ie l^je^b^tertan^. ^i
all populous Cities) that depended on them. But nothing better plea-
fed the difcoutcnted Nobility, theiuheir In veiitives againft Gran-vt^ a-,
gainft whoiTij and fucll of the Court- Lords as adhered unto him, they -
faftened their moft fcandalousand infamous Libels upon every poft j nor,
fparing through his fides to wound the honour of the King, and reproach
the Government, which by this means they made diftaftetol t j the com-
mon fubjeifls.
23. By thefe devices, and fomeothersof like dangerous nature, they,
gained not only many of the common people, but divers of thegreateft ,^
Lords ; fome alfo of the principal Cities, and not a few of the Regulars^ * 5 4'
or Monaftick Clergy. By means whereof, their Friends and Fadors
grew fo powerful, as to oppofe fuch motions both in Court and Coun-
cil, as tended to the prejudice of the Reformation ; infomuch, that
when King Vhtltf had given order to the Dutchefs o[ F4rma to fend two
thoufandHorfe to the aid of C^-r/cj the FreKchKin^ againft the Hugo-
nets -^ the Prince of OM;?g-f and his party did openly oppofe, and finally
over-rule it at the Council- Table. This gave incourageraent to the
Cnlvinifls to try their Fortune once again, not in Valenciennes as before,
but in tiie principal Cities of Brabant and Fkndos, At Rufelmond^ a
chief Town of Flanders^ a Prieft which had been gained unto their o-
pinions, and was imprifoned for the fame, fell on a defperate defign
of firing the next room unto him., wherein were kept the Monuments
and Records of the Prince -,; to the end that while the Guards were bufi-
cd in preferving things that concerned the publick, he might find a
handfome opportunity to get out of their hands. But the fire being
fooner quenched then he had imagined, both he and his Accomplices,
which were nine in number, were brought unto the place of Executi-
on, and there juftly fuffered-, the Prieft him felf declaiming bitter-
ly againft Calvtn 2i\ns Execution, and charging all his fufferings up-
on that account. At Jnttverp one Fahrkiia^ once a Carmelite Fryar,
but now a great promoter of Calvins Dodrines, had gained much
people to that fide ^ for which bsing apprehended, he had judgement
ofdeath. But being brought unto the Stake, fuch a fliower of Stones
was fcen to fall upon the head of the Hang-man, that not daring to
abide the ftorm till the fire had done, hedrew his Sword and llieathed
it in thePrifoners body, and after faved himfelf by feeming to make
one in the Tumult. And the next day they caufed fome Verfes writ
in bloud tobepofted up, in which was fignified, that there were fome
in Antwerp who had vowed revenge for the death of Fabaciui-^ though
afterwards they furceafed. upon the execution of one of the Mutineers,
and entertained more fober and religious counfels. But the diftemper
feemed much greater in the Town of Bru^es^whtt^ the Inquifitors De-
puty had fent a man to prifon, on a fufpitionof Herefie, with a Guard
of three Ojficers to attend him j at which the Senate was fo moved, that
they commanded the OlHcers to be fei2:ed upon, to be committed clofe
prisoners, and to be fed with nothing but bread and water ; the party in
the mean time being fet at liberty.
24. Startled with Tumult after Tumult, but more with the unhand- 1565,"
fome carriage of the Senate o[ Bruges • the King gives order to lus Sifter
the Lady GovernefSj to fee his Fathers Edicits fever el y executed,
N i Had
5,2 Cl^e ^iftoj^ of tl)e ^je^lJttenan?. Lib. iii.
and more particularly to take fpecial care that the Decrees and Canons
of the Council o^Trembe prefcntly received and obeyed in all the Pro-
vinces: Againft which Orders of the King, though many of the great
Lordsoppofed at the Council- Table, yet the Govemeis carried, it at
the laft. And thereupon the oppofite party incenfcd the Br-ahmters
a<»ainft admitting the Edidls or the Tridintim Council, as tending ma-
nifeftly to the violation of their ancient priviledges: At which though
moft of them took fire, yetit Burned but flowly, proceeding onely at
the firft inthewayof Remonftrance, which for the moft part carri-'
ed more fmokethen flame. But ifter the Minifters and Agents of Lo-
domck Coxxnioi N af aw {ovitoith^ younger brothers of the Prince of
OrMgc) were returned from Heidelkrg,there appeared a kind of new fpi-
rit amonc^ft the people. He had before with certain other Noble-men
of his age and quality betook himfelf unto Gf;??"!^/!, cither for cuiiofi*
tyor ftady, or forfome Avorfe purpofe, where bting wrought upon by
the cJvinUns which converfed with them, and finding their own people
to be very inquilitive after new opinions, they were not fparing in the
. commendtf ion of the Religion which they found exercifed in that City,
and fecmed to wifli for nothing more then that they might have liberty
of Confcience to profefs the fame. But knowing that fo great a bufinefs
could not be carried on fuccefsfuUy but by force of Arms, he had his A-
gents in the Court of the Prince Eledor for getting fomeaffiftance, ific
came to blows, or under colour of his name to awe the Governefs. And
it fell out according unto his defire : for hereupon the party animated
with new hopes,renewcd their former courfe of libelling againft the pre-
fent Government with greater acrimony then before, difperfing no few-
er then 5000 of thofe fcandalous Pamphlets within the compafsof a
year, by which the people were exafperated and fitted for engaging in
any adion, which by the cunning of their Leaders^ and theinfinuations
of their Preachers, fliould be offered to them.
25. But thefe were only the preparatives to the following Tumults y
for in the middle of thefe heats, nine of the Lords not being Officers
of State, convened together at Breda^ the principal Seat and moft af-
fured hold of the Prince of Orange^ where they drew up a Form of an
AfociatioH.^ which they called the Covenant^ contrived by rhilif Mar-
nixim Lord of Aldegand^ a great admirer of the perfon and patts of
Calvin. In the preamble whereof they inveighed bitterly againft the
Inquifition, as that which being contrary to all Laws both Divine and
Humane, did far exceed the cruelty of all former Tyrants : they then de^
clared in the name of themfelves and the reft of the Lords, that the care
of Religionappertainedto them as Councellors born, and that they cn-
tred into this y4[/}oi^i4//tf» for no other reafon, but to prevent the wicked
pradicesof fuch men,as under colour of the fentences of death and bani-
ilimcnt, aimed at the Fortunes and deftruftionsof the greateft perfons:
that therefore they had taken an holy Oath not to fuffer the faid Inqui-
fition to be impofed upon their Country : praying therein, that as well
Codas man would utterly forfake them, if ever they forfook their Co-
venant, or failed to aflift their Brethren which fuffered any thing in that
Caufe ^ and finally, calling God to vvitncfs, that by this Covenant and
Agreement amongft themfelves, they intended nothing but the Glory of
God,
Lib. in. ci)e i$imi^ of tf)t ^it^b^tzmm.
God, Honour of their King, and their Countries peace. And to tfi'is
Covenant as they fubfcribed before their parting, fo by their Emiflaries
they obtained fubfcription to it over all their Provinces 5 and for thd
credit of the bufinefs, they caufed the fame to be translated into feverif'
Languages , and publilhed a Report that not onely the chief Leaders of
the Hugonots'm France^ but many of the ^nncss.oi Germmy had fubfcri-
bed it alfo : which whether it were true or not, certain it is that the
Confederacie was fubfcribed by a coniiderable number of the Nobility
fome of the Lords of the Privy- Counfel,and not a few of the companions'
of the Golden Fleece.
j6. Of the nine which firft appeared in the defign,the principal were
Henry Lord of Brederode , defcended lineally from Sigefride , the fecond
Son oi Arnold-, the fou'-th EvlA oi Holland -^ Count Lodomck of Najfarv
before mentioned ^ and Florence Count of Cidem^erg , a Town of (7«f/-
/ires, but anciently priviledgcd from all fubjedion to the Duke thereof.
Accompanied with two hundred of the principal Covenanters , each of
them having a cafe of Piftols at his Saddle bow, Brederode enters Bru^els
in the beginning of April, to which he is welcomed by Count Horne and
the Prince of Orange , which laft had opciily appeared for them at the
Counfel- Table, when the unlawfulnefs of the confederacy was in agita-
tion. And having taken up their Lodging in C«/f/w^fr^.houfe , they
did not only once again fubfcribe the Covenant , but bound themfelves
to ftand to one another by a folemn Oath. The tenour of which Oath
was to this effed, That if any of them (liould be imprifoned , either for
Religion or for the Covenant, immediately the reft, all other bufinefs'
laid afide, Ihould take up arras for his afilftance and defence. March-
ing the next day by two and two till they came to the Court , they pre-
fented their Petition to the Lady Regent, by the hands of Brederode , who
defired her in fliort Speech at the tendry of it , to believe that they were
honeftmen, and propounded nothing to themfelves , but obedience to
Laws, Honour to the King, and fafety to their Countrey. The fum of
the Petition was. That the sp^^'/h Inquifition might be aboliflied the
Emperours Edids repealed , and new ones made by the advice of the
Eftates of the Countries. Concerning which we are to know, that the
Emperour had paft feveral Edids againft the Lutherans ^the firft of which
was publillied in the year i52i,and the fecond about five years after
Anno 1526, by means whereof many well-meaning people had been
burnt for Hereticks : but that which moft extremely gaulled them was
the Edid for the bringing in of the Inquifition , publiflied upon the 29 of
Jfril as before was faid. Againft thefc Edids they complained in the
faid Petition. To which upon the morrow llie returned fuch an anfwer
by the confent of the Counfel , as might give them good hop.-s that the
Inquifition fliould be taken away , and the Edids moderated ; but that
theKingmuft firft be made acquainted with all particulars before they
pafled into an Ad. With which anfwer they returned well fatis fied
unto Culemberg-houfe , which was prepared for the entertainment of the
chief Confederates.
27. To this Honfc Brederode invites the reft of his company, beftbws
a prodigal Feaft upon them •, and in the middle of their Cups it was put
to the queftion, by what name their Confederacie ftiould be called.
Thofe
^3
94
'^t f iftojt of ti^e pit^\>ti^tim$* Lib* in
Thofe of their party in France were differenced from the reft by the name
of Btt?omts^ and in EngUnd (much about that time) by the name of Pu-
ritans • nor was it to be thoaght but that their followers might be as ca-
pable of fome proper and peculiar appellation , as in France or England.
It happened that at fuch time as they came to tender their Petition , the
Governefs feemed troubled at fo great a number, and that Count Barla-
wont {2i y!^^'^ ofmoft approved fidelity to hisMajtrftiesfcrvice) advifed
her not to be difcouraged at it •, telling her in the French Tongue be-
twixt jeft and earnefl, that they were but Gueux {ot Cheufes ^ as the
Dutch pronounced it) that is to fay , men of diffolute lives and broken
fortunes, or in plain Englifh Bogues and Beggars. Upon which ground
they animated one another by the name of Ghetifes^ and calling for great
Bowls of Wine , drank an health to the name -, their Servants and At-
tendants crying out with loud acclamations. Five les (7»«« , long live
the cfyeufes. For the confirming of which name, Brederode takes a
Wallet which he fpyed ia the place, and laid it on one of his Shoulders
as their Be^^gars do , and out of a Wooden difh brim- full drinks to all,
the Company ^ thanks them for following him that day with fuch una-
nimity , and binds himfelf upon his honour to fpend his life, if need-
fhould be, for tl^e generality of the Confederates,and for every member
of them in particular ; Which done, he gave his Difli and Wallet to the
next unto him , who in like manner paft it round , till they had bound
themfelves by this ridiculous Form of initiation to ftand to one another
in defence of their Covenant -, the former acclamation of long h've the
Cheufesj being doubled and redoubled at every Health. The jollity and
loud acclamations which they madeintheHoufe, brought thither the
Vrlnce oi Orange^ Conm Egmont, and Count iTorw, men of moft Power
and Reputation with the common people •, who feemed fo far from re-
prehending the debauchery which they found amongft them, that they
rather countenanced the fame • the former Healths and Acclamations
beintr renewed and followed with more heat and drunken bravery then
they were at firft : on which incouragement they take upon themfelvej
in carneft the njivne of Gheafes , and by that name were folemnly pro-
claimed by that Raskal Rabble at their coming out ^ which name being
taken thus upon them,as the mark of their Fa(5tion,was afterwards com-
municated to all thofe of the fame Religion.
28. Returning to their feveral dwellings, they caufeda mifchievouis
report to be fpread abroad , not ontly that they had obtained a fufpen-
fionofthe Emperours Edids , and an exemption from the power of the
Inquifition ; bnt that the Companions of the Order of the Golden
Fleece, being men ofmoft Authority both in Court and Council , had
declared for them in the caufe. To gain belief to which report, a falfe-
aad counterfeit paper is difperfed amongft them , in which it was noti-
fied to all that fliould read the fame, tha"t the Lords and Companions of
the Fleece had fworn by their Order to the Gentlemen chofen by the
Eftates of the Countrey , to prefent the defires of the people to the Lady
Regent , That from thenceforth the Ecclefiajlical Inquiftors and other Magi-
ftratesjhotildftmifhno m.in for his Beligion , neither by imfrifonment.^ exile-, or
death , unlefs it were joyncd with a popular tumtdt , and the publick riiim of their
Countrey 5 of which the Covenanters themfelves were to be the fudges. And
though
Lib. in. mt ^ifto;v of t^t m^&htttmm. ^^
though the Governefs rook the wife/l and raoft fpeedy courfe both to
difcover and proclaim the danger of fo lewd a pradice, and uled all ho-
neft ways for the undeceiving of the people in that Particular -, yet ei-
ther ihe obtained no credit to her Anti-Remonfirances :^ or found the Ve-
nonae too far fpread for fo weak an Antidote. For prefently upon the
fcattering and difperfing of the faid Declaration, as many of the Re-
formed parties as had fled the Countrey , returned again unro their
Houfes •, and fuch as had concealed themfelveSjOr otherwife diflembled
their Religion, began more confidently to avow the profeffion of it. For
whofe incouragement and increafe, there was no want of dilio-ence in
fuch of the Minifters as reforted to them out of France 5 firft Preachin*
to them in the Fields , and afterwards in fome of their open Towns ?
but every where bitterly inveighing againft the Tyranny of the Pope'
the pride of 5^4/», and the corruptions of the Clergy 5 but moft efpe-
cially of the Bifhops , whom they chiefly aimed at. By thefe invedi-
ves, and their continual Preaching up of a popular liberty , their fol-
lowers fo exceedingly increafed in a very fliort time , that in the Fields
near the City oirotimaj , there were feen no fewer then eight thoufand
perfons at a Sermon ^ a greater multitude then that in the Fields near
Lijles , and fometimes more then double that number in the Fields near
Antmrf But in fuch Parts and Provinces as lay neareft FrA;^ce , they
took greater liberty , and fell from Preaching to the Miniftration of
the Sacraments and Sacramentals^ Marrying fome, and Baptizin'^ o-
thers, according to the Form devifed by Calvin ^ but Sar0ifjirig2A\ by
a continual intermixture oi Davids Pfalms, tfanflated into French Meteif
as before was faid.
Together with thefe French Preachers and Cahinian Minifler , there
entred feveral Emiflaries fent from the Admiral Colligni , the Prince of
Conde , and others of the Heads of tht^Httgonots Fadion, whofe intereft
it was to imbroyl the Netherlands^ that they themfelvcs mi^^ht fear no
fuch danger on that fide , as formerly they had received. And thefe
men play'd their parts fo well , that a cbnftifed Rabble of the common
people, furnilhed with Staves, Hatchets, Hammers and Ropes,and arm-
ed with fome few Swords and Muskets, upon the Eve of the AfTumpti-
on of the Blefled Virgin , fell violently into the Towns and Villaf^es a-
hoxxt St. omcrs ^ one of the chief Cities o[ Artets , forced open all the
Doors of Churches and Religious Houfes , if they fotmdthem ihut;
demolifiied all the Altars, and defaced the Shrines, and broke the Ima-
ges in pieces, not fparing any thing which in the Piety of their Anceftbrs
was accounted Sacred. Encouraged by which good fuccefs,they drive
on to Ipres , a Town of Flanders , where they Were fure to find a party
prepared for them, by which the Gatesof the City were fet open to f*ive
them entrance : no foont r were they entered, but they went diredly to
the Cathedral, (their multitudes being much increafed all the way
they came) where prefently they fell to work •, fome beating down the
Images with Staves and Hammers, fomepullingdown the^?4/^»^jof oyr
Saviour with Ropes and Ladders- otherdefaci'ng Pulpits, Altars , and
Sacred Ornaments, burning the Bobk^i, and ftealing the confecrated
Plate. Withthefame fury they proceeded to the burning of theBi-
fliops Library, and the deftroyiog of all Churches and Religious Houfes*
within'
gs Cijcl^iftojtcfti^ei&jeist^temnjs. Lib. nt
within that City, in which they found as little oppofition from the
hands of that Magiftrate, as if they had been hired and imployed in tnat
fervice by the eommon Counfel. About the fame time, that is to fay,
on the morrow after the Affumption, another party being of the fam^
aflfeftions , and taking both example and encouragement from this im-
punity , fall into Memm-, Commtms^ Veyvkh^ and other Towns upon the
L-is: In all which they committed the like impioas out- rages, carrying
away with them Plate and Veftmenrs ., and all other confecrated things •
which were eafily portable •, but burning or deftroying what they could
not carry. The like they would have done alfo at the Town ot-Seclin,
but that'the people rofe in Arms, affaulted them, and drove them back,
not without great flaughter of that mutinous and feditious Rabble, and
fome lofs of themfelves.
50. In Anmcrf the chief City o[ Braham they found better fortune.
They had before attained to To great a confidence, that having afsem-
bled in the Fields to hear a Sermon according to their ufual cuftom,
and findincr their number to amount unto fifteen thoufaiid •, they mdunc-
ed their Pr'eacher on a Horfe , and brought him triumphantly into the
the City , attended by a ftrong Guard both of Horfe an.i Foot , to the
creat terrour and affrightment of the principal Magiftrate. For remedy
of which diforderSjthe Goveraefs fent thither the Count ol Megen , and
afterwards the Prince of 0;4»g-£ with fome flender Forces •, on the ap-
proaching of which laft (for the firft was prefently recalled,as a man lefs
popular) infinite multitudes of the people went out to meet him •, enter-
tained him with the accuftomcd acclamation oiVi^e Its Gtuux^ and cryed
him up for the great Patron and Protedlor of the Belg.ck Liberty. At
which thou-'h he feemed outwardly to be fomewhat offended , yet it
was eafie to be fcen that he received a fecret contentment in it 5 and
therefore adcd nothing, whilft he ftayed amongft them , by which
he mioht become lefs gracious in the eye of that Fadlion then he was
before^. Encouraged by which remifnefs , and being privately ex-
cited by fome of his FoUoiwers , they abate little or nothing of their
former infolencies , which they difcovered not long after his departure
to the Court ofBrt((jelsy by their violent difturbance of a folemn Procei-
fion made by the Clergy of thatCity,in honour of their fuppofcd Patro-
nefs the Bleffed Virgin-, and that too on the very Feftival ofher Af-
fumption,when the like outrages were committed in other places : for not
content to jeer and taunt them in the Streets as thty paffed along , they
follow them into the principal Church of that City -, where firft they
fall to words, and from words to blows , and from blows to wounds -,
to the ^reat fcandal of Religion , and the unpardonable prophanation of
that holy Place.
at. But this was onely an ElTay of the following mifchief. For
on the fame day Sennight , being not onely more numerous., but better
armed,they flocked to the fame Churchat the Evening Service t, ^vhich
beinc ended,they compel the people to forfake the place.and poflefs themr
felve^s of it. Having made faft the Doors for fear that fome diftur-
bance might break in upon them, one of them begins to fing a Pfalm in
Ma/ots Meter , wherein he is followed by the reft -, that fuch a H ly
exercife as they were refolved on , might not be undertook without
fome
Lib. III. ci)e w^oix ofWt^mhtmim. >7
fom^ preparation: which fit of Devotion being over, they firft puIfecT
down a maflie Image of the Virgin, afterwards the Image of Chrift, and
fuch other Saints as they found advanced there, on their feveral Pe-
de^ds; fome of them treading them under foot, feme thrufting Swords
into their fides, and others hagling of their Heads with Bills and Axes f ■
In which work as many were imployed in moft parts of the Church, fo
others got upon the Altars, caft down the facred Plate, defaced the Pi^-^
(fjures,and disfigured the paintings on the Walls, TN^hilft fome with Lad-' '
ders cKmbed the'Organs, which they broke in pieces •, and others with
like horfiblc violence, deftroyed the Images in the Windows, or rather
brake the Windows indefpight of the Images. The confecrated Hoft-
they took but of the Pixes, and trampled under their feet ; caroufe fuch"-^
Wine as they brought with them in the facred Chalices, and greafed
their fliooes with that Chryfome, or anointing Oyl, which was prepa- '
red for fome Ceremonies to be iifed at Baptifm, and in the vifiting of
thefick. Andthis they did with fuch difoacch, that one of the fairefr
Churchesin£«ro/'f, richly adorned with Statues and maffie Iriiages of
Bfafs and Marble, and having in it no fewer then feventy Altars, was in.
the fpace of four hours defaced fo miferably, that there was nothing''
to be feen in it of the former beauties. Proud of which fortunate fuc- -
cefs, they brake into all other Churches of that City, where they aded
over the fame fpoilsand outragious infolcncieS 5 and afterwards for-
cing open the doors of Monafteries and Religious Houfcs, they carry-
edaway all their Confecrated Furniture, entred their StOte-hoiifes, fei-
zed on their Meat, and drankofftheir Wine • and took from them all
their Mony, Plate, and Wardrobes, both Sacred and Civil, not fparing
any publick Library whercfoever they came : a ruine not to be repaired
but with infinite furas : the havock which they niadein the great Church
only, being valued at four hundred thoufand Ducates by indifferent
rates. The like outrages they committed at the fame time in Caunt and
Oudemrd^ and all the Villages about them •, the fcvcraltics whereof
would make up a Volume : let it fuffice, that in the Province of Flan-
ders onely, no fewer then four hundred Confecrated places were in the
fpace of ten days thus defaced, and fome of them burnt down to the
very ground.
32. Thenews of thefe intolerable outrages being pofted one after
another to the Court at Brufjels^ occafioned the Governefs (when it was
too late) to fee hererrourin fending back her Spanifh Souldiers, and
yeiiding to the improvident difmiffion of the prudent Cardinal, by
whofe Authority and Counfelfhe had fo happily preferved thOfe Pro-
vinces in peace and quiet i and th^n flie found that flie had goodrea-
fon to believe all the information which Count Mahifidd gave her,
touching a plot of, the C ahinian ^^xty in France (from whence came
moft of thefe new Preachers) to imbroyi the Netherlands -^yibkiPiiW
that time flie looked on as a groundlefs jealoufie. But as it is iriforae
Difeafes, that when they are eafie to be cured, they are hard to be
known -, and when they are eafie to be known, they are hard to be cu-
red : fo fared it arthatciaie withthcfediftempers ifi' the Belgkk 'Pio-
vinces-, which now were grownunto that height, thatit was very dlf-
ficultj if not alme-^ impoiiible to find out a remedy. For having cal-
O kd
98 Ci^e l^(fto?¥ of ti^ i^^esiftrtcmnsJ* Lib. in.
ledtogetheY the great Council of State, and acquainted them with the
particulnrs before remembred» fhe found the Counts oi MAnsfield^ a-
remherg^ ^ndBarUmontj cheerfully offering their alTiftance to reduce the
people to obedience by force of Arms -, but Egmont^ Horn, and Orange^
(whofe Brother Count Lodowick was fufpedled for a chief contriver of'
the prefentmifchief) of a contrary judgement, fo that flie could pro-
ceed no further, and indeed ihe durft not ^ for prefently a fecret rumour
was difperfed, that if (he did not fo.far gratifie the Covenanters and their'
adherents, that every man might have liberty to go to Sermons and no
man be puniftied for Religion, ihe ftiould immediately fee all the Chur-
chesifl Brufels fired, the Priefts murthered, and her felf imprifoned.
For fear whereof, though fhe took all fafe courfes for her own fecu-
rity, yet ftie found none fo fafe as the granting of fome of their de-
mands to the Chief Confpirators, by which the Provinces for thepre-
fent did enjoy fome quiet. But this was only like an IntcrmifHon in the
fie of an Ague : For prefently hereupon flie received advertifcment that
thofe of the Refornied party were notonely fuffered to take unto them-
f^lves fome Churches in yt/-«f^/i^, Antwerp, and Ttf»r«4)/, which till then
had never been permitted 5 but that at Utrecht t!iey had driven the Ca-
tholicks out of their Churches, and at i\\q Eo[ch had forced the Bifliop
to forfake the City, as their holy Fathers in Geneva had done before
theiji. And in a word, to make up the meafure of her fovrows, and
compleat their infolencies, flie had intelligence of the like Tumult rai-
(tdzt JfnJlerdjW:, vjhetc fome of the Reforming Rabble had broken
into a Monaflery of the FrancijcAns^ defaced all Confecrated things^
beatj^nd floned out the Religious perfons, not without wounding fome
of the principal Senators who oppofed their doings.
33^, Provoked withthefe indignities, flierefolves upon the laft reme-
dy, \yhich was, to bring them to obedience by force of arms : and there-,
inAe had no, fmalt encouragement from the King himfelf, and good
aiifurance of afTifiances from fuch Princes o[ Germany as fliU adhered un^
to th^ Pope- The news whereof fo ftartles the chief of the Covenant-
ors?; that they enter into confultation of Eleding a new Prince, or put-
ting themftlves under the power of fome potent Monarch,by whom they
might be countenanced againfl their King, and priviledged in the en-
jpynientof their Religion. , It was advifed alfo, that three thoufand
Books of Caivinian. Dodtrine fhould be fent into Spam, and difperfed
in-the chief Cities of it •, to the end, that whilfl the King was bufied in
looking to his ov^rn peace at home, he might the lefs regard the Tu-
liiuks which were raifed in the Netherlands : and yet for fear that Pro-
jcA rnight not take effedt, it was agreed upon that a combination fliould
be-made between the heads of the Covenanters, and the principal Mer-
chants 5 between whom it was finally concluded, and the conclufion ra-,
tifiiedjby a folemn taking of the Sacrament on either fide, that the Cove,
nante^s fhould prof ed the Merchants againft all men whatfoever, who
laboured to refirain them in the freedom of Confcience •, and that the
Merchants' fhould fupply the Covenanters with fuch fums of mony as
mig<ht enable them to go through with the Work begun. It alfo was
agjreed upon, that the Calviman party for a time fliould fupprefTe
their own , and make profeffion of conformity to the Lutheran
- . .'-, ' Doftrines,
Lib. III. '^f^tm^mof^^m^umm' ^9
Dodrines, . contained in the CofefTioii of Juskrgy liwhajpc thf^rcby o[
having fuccour and relief from the Lutheran Princes^ if ^hp Kin^^ ihould
feekto force them in the way. of zArms : which was accordingly perfor-
med. And that being done, they caft themfelves into a feparateand
diftind Republick from that of the State, ered a Supreme Confiftory in
the City of Jt7twerp,and fome inferioiir Judicatories in the other Cities-
(but all fubordinate unto t'lac of Antwerp) in which they take upon
them the choice of Magiftrates, for managing and direding all Affairs
which concerned the Fadion. •.'.„■■-
54. Of all thefe Plots and Confultations, the King is pundually in-
formed by the vigilant Governefs •, and thereupon caufeda report to be
difperfed, that he intended to beftow a Royal vifit on his Be/g/ck Provin-
ces 5 but firft to fmooth the way before him by a puiflant Army. On
this advertifement the Governefs refumes her courage, complains how
much the Covenanters had abufed her favours 5 and publickly declares
that llie had onely given them leave to meet together for hearing Ser-
mons of their own; but that their Minifters had took upon them to Bap-
tize and Marry, and perform all other Sacred Offices in a different man-
ner from that allowed of by the Church •, That they had fet up divers
Confiftories and new Forms of Government, nor warranted by the Laws
of the feveral Provinces 5 That they had opened divers Schools for
training up their Children in Heretical Principles-, That they ha:d raif-
ed greac fums of Money under pretence of purchafing a toleration of the
King (whofe Piety was too well known to be fo corrupted) but in plain
truth, to levy Souldiers for a War againft him; That therefore fhe com-
mands all Governours and Deputy-Governoursin their feveral Provin-
ces, not onely to diffolve Heretical Meetings (otherwife then for Ser-
mons onely ) in the time to-cjorae, but to put Garrifons into fuch of the
Towns and Cities as w^re held fufpededjOr were moft likely to be feized
on to the Kings differvice^ By this Remonftrance, feconded with the
news of the Kings intention, the leading Covenanters were fo ftartled,
that they refolved on the beginning of the War, and were accordinoly
in Arms, before the Governefs had either raifcd Horfe or Foot more
then the ordinary Train-bands, which were to be maintained in con-
tinual readinefs, by the Rules of that Government. But firfl, they
thought it raoft agreeable to the State of Affairs, to pofTefs themfelves
of fuch ftrong Towns as either ftood convenient for the lectinf^ in of
Forreign Succours, or otherwife for commanding the adjoyning Terri-
tories. In which defign they fpeed fo well,; that many great Towns "de-
clare for them of their own accord ; fome were furprifed by fuch of the
CAlvinian Leaders as had friends amongft them ; aadTome were willin?
to ftand neutral till they faw more of it. But none fared better at the
firft then Anthony of Bomkrg^ one of the. Cahnifis o^A»tmrp, who ha-
ving formerly ferved the Htt-iomt Prince in the Wat's oiFrance, had pftn
himfelf into the Bofch^ from whence the Fadion had not long before ex-
pelled their Biihop : And th^re he played l]is game with fuch fraud and
,,-cunning, thatliepyt the people into Arms, raadehimfclf Matter of the
Town, and turned the Cannon upon the Count //c^/j^a/who wasCom-
miifionatcd by the Governefs, amongft other things, to plant, a'Gaf-ri-
foninthe fame,, • ". " .
O 2 ' 5^. This'
100 '^^ l^illojt of t]^e pimi^ts.mm. Lib. in
35. This good fuccefs encouraged many of the reft to the like at-
tempts, butfe^V of them with fo good Fortune. The Count of 5rfie-
fedehz.vin<^ Fortified his own Town of Fia»a^ a fmall Town q{ Hoi] and
ftretcheth his Arms from thence to imbrace the reft, and takes in Am-
(lerdamit felf without oppofition • but having the like aim onUtreck,
he found his hopes defeated by the Count of Meghen^ w'.o iTot in before
him. Worfe fared it with Philtf de MArnix^ Lord of 2 hcloufe^ smother of
xht AntmrfianCal'vimjls^ of greater power then Bemberg-, but of lefs
dexterity : holding intelligence with the Provoft of MtddUherg, he enter-
tained a defignof furpriling Vlujhing, and therewith the whole Ifleof
Walcherin^ and the reft of Zealand. To which end he embarks his men,
arid fails down the Scheldt.^ jiot without fome good hope of effeding
his enterprife before any difcovery was made of it. But the Governefs
knew of what importance the faid Ifland was, and was there before
him in her Forces, though not in her perfon. Repulfed from thence,
he marcheth back again towards Antwerp^ takes up his , Quarters in the
Borough of oflerviH, the Southwark as it were of Antwerfy and from
thence'fo named 5 where he is fct upon by Lamj^ another of the Re-
oents Captains 5 the Borough fired about his ears, himfelf burned in a
Barn, fifteen thoufand of his Souldiers killed in the flight, three hundred
of them taken and then put to the Sword : Which execution was
thought neceflary as the cafe then ftood, for fear the Calvmifts in the
City might renew the fight, and put him worfe to it then before : Nor
were they wanting to their Friends in that defperate exigent, whofe
(laughter 'they beheld from the Walls of the City. But" when they
thought to pafs the Bridge, they found no Bridge at all to give them paf-
fage: the Prince of OM»^e being then ztAmwerf., had caufed it to be
broken down the day befor^, not out of any defign to prevent the Cal-
vinifls from aflifting their Brethren, but rather to hinder the Vidorious
Catholicks (if it fliou^ fo happen) from making any nfe of it to pofiefs
the City. But the C4/w«//?, not knowing of his fecret purpofes, tu-
multuoufly afTembled to the number of fourteen thoufand men, fell foul
upon him in the Streets, reviled him by the name of Traytor, and
clapped a Piftol to his Breaft, and queftionlefs had proceeded to fome
greater outrage, if the Lutherans {hziino the Cahimjls^ and as hateful to
them) had not joyned with the Pafifts, and thereby over- powered them
both in ftrength and numbers.
1^6. But none fared worfe thtnxhtCalviwans 0^ Tourney and Falen-
ci'eHnes, though they were both ftronger and more numerous then in
other places. Thofeof r4/fw;>;?;^irjhad rcfufed to admit a Garrifon,
cntouraged by their /"rfw^ Preachers to that difobedience. But be-
ino befieged by Norcarmita, Deputy Governour of Hajnalt for theMar-
quefs of 5e;"^e«, they were compelled in theend to fubmit to mercy •,
which was fo intermixed with juftice, that thirty fix of the principal
Incendiaries were beheaded, fome of their Preachers hanged, and fome'
Souldiers executed •, the Liberties of the City being feifed, and decla-
red to be forfeit till the King (hould be pleafcd to reftore them. Thofe
oi Valenciennes had been animated by the Confiftories of fome other
Cities to make good the Town againft Norcarmim, as long as they
could 5 afluring them that he muft lliortly raife the Siege, to quench the
fire
Lib. III. Ci^l^t«ojfofW^jcjJttterian^, tdi
fire that would be kindled in another Province. Accordingly it wks
contrived that Tome Foot-Con:ipanies which lay in Armmieres fhould
wafte the Councrey about Lijle in FUnders GaUkant'^ and that whilft
Rajjtnghen the Governour of Ltjle drew out of the City tdfupprefs tHem
iheCal'vimp of Tournay hy the aid of their Brethren within thrit City
fhould poflefs themfelves of it. Andfo far it fucceeded as they had
proje(fled, that the Armentenam^ being condudid by one Corndm , who.
of a Smith became a Preacher, and would needs make himfelf a Com-
mander alfo , aded their part in the defign , but eafily were fubdued by
Raffinghen2iK. the firft aflault. The news whereof not onely terrified the
Confiltorians within Lip it felf, but fo diflieartneJ l\io{^QlToHrMj^
who hoped to have made themfelves Mafters of it, that they thought it
beft for them to retire 5 but being fet upon by NorCArmius , who had
drawn fome Forces from his Camp before ^rf/?;;f/f;?«fj to perform this
fervice, they were utterly routed, moft of their men(amounting tofour
thoufand^ either killed or taken 5 two ^rrels of Powder, twenty Field- '
pieces , and nine Colours, falling into the hands of the Conquerino-
Army : with which Norcarmms marching on diredtly to the Gates of
Tcurmy -^ commands them in the name of the Governefs to receive a
Garrifon, entered the Tov^^n, difarms the People, imprifoned the In-
cendiaries , reftored the Bifhop and Clergy to their former power 5 and
finally,impofed fuch a Governour over them, as was like to o'lvt a good
account oFthcm for the times enfuing. ' ■ -■
37. The taking of thefe Towns to mercy , the like fu<fce{s:irft)ther 15^7.
places , and a report that Ferdinandoi Toledo Duke of Aha, was com-
ing forwards with an Army to make way for the King, did fo dejed: the
Heads of the C^^a/a, and thereft of the Covenanters, that moft of them
began to droop •, whereof the Governefs did not need to be advertifed,
and was refolved to make fome prefent ufe of the Confternation. She
therefore caufes a new Oath or Proceftation to be forthwith made, and
to be taken by all Maglflrates and Officers both of Peace and War 5 by
which they were to bind themfelves without exception to obey any who
fliould be appointed in the Kings name for their Supreme Governour.
And this Ihe was refolved upon againft all difwafioiis ; not that '/he
meant to ufe it for a difcrimination , by which fhc might difcoVer how
they ftood affeded to his Majefties Service •, but that (he might with Tefs
envy difplace all fuch as willfully refufeJ the Oath , or pUhiflV them with
death and confifcation if they brake their Faith. Being propounded to.
the Counfel , it was cheerfully approved and fubfcribed by fome , and
refolutely oppofed by others, under pretence that they had formerly took
the Oath of Allegiance to the King himfelf , and chat Oaths were not
to be multiplyed without juft neceffuy. But none more pertinacioufly
r'efufed it then the Prince 0^ Ormge ^ who devifed inany" plaufible rea-
Tohsin his juftification,but fuch as were of little weight when they c^'me
to the ballance. Count Egmont for a whilgdemurred, but at lafl Vub-
mitted , and took the Oath as others of th'e' Counfel had done before :
the falling off of which grea; men fo, amazed the reft ,' that everyone
thought it now high timeto provide JFor hiififelf. The. Prince of Ortf/si^ff
with his Family retireth unto his County of iV4j^jp, bat leaves his Mini-
fters behind him to maintain his Intercft : Count irederode departs for
Germany,
loz
^1^ f iftoj^ of t^e ^jesiDttemn0^ Lib. in
GerntAm^ wherp he dyed foon after : Count William de U March , com-
' monly called the Baron of Lurnt , takes Sandluary in the Realm of £»-
^land: Bomherg not finding any fafety to be had in the Bofch^ abandoneth
it to the Regents Empire, by whom it was not onely forced to receive a
Garrifon,but alfo to redeem their Priviledges for a funi of money. After
which mod of the rtvolted Cities came in fofpeedily , that there was
nothing to be feen of the late Rebellion.
1568 58. And here the Countrey might have been rcfetled in its firm obe-
dience if either the King had gone in perfon to confirm the Provinces,
or had imployed a Minifter lefs odious then the Duke of Aha^xh-z cruel-
ty of whofe nature was both known and feared •, or rather, if the Prince
q{ Orange t and the reft of that Faction, had not preferved themfelves
for an aftergame. But the King ftays behind, and the Duke comes for-
ward, An"^ coming forward with an Army of experienced Souldiers,
entereth the Provinces, affamesthe Government, imprifontth many of
the Nobility ; the Counts oiHorn and Egmont araongft the reft , \yhQm
he after executed. The news whereof bring brought untu Cardinal
CraKvel, he is reported to have faid, That jfo/ie Ftf}) (by v^-hich he meant
the Prince ol Orange) hadefcafed the Net , the Duke of Alva's draught would
bemthingmrth. And fo it proved in the event • for the Prince being
' ftrong in Kindered and Alliances in the Higher Cerma/,y^ made ufe of all
his intercft in them for the fecuring of his life , and the recovery of his
Lands and Honours , of which he was judicially deprived by the Duke
oiAha, who caufed the fentence of condemnation to be pafsed upon
him, confifcates hisEftate,profcribeshis perfon, placeth a Garrifon in
Sredd , entereth on all the reft, of his Towns and Lands 5 and finally,
feizeth upon philtp Earl of Bure^ hiscldcft Son , whom he fent prifoner
into SPai/i, The news whereof gave little trouble to the Prince,becaufe
' 4t made his taking Arms the more excufable in the fight of men: for
now befides the co'ramon quarrel of his Countrey, and the caufe of Reli-
cipn, he might pretend an unavoidable neceflity of fighting for his Life,
Lands, Honours and Pbfterity ;, unlefs he would betray them all by a
-willful fluggiih.nefs. Befides, he was not without, hope , that if he
, iiould mifcarryin the preftnt enterprife, his Eldeft Son, being brought
upintheCourtof5/4;», might be rcftbred to thofeEftates which him-
felf had loft •, butif heprofpered in his work, and that the King Ihould
ftill think fit to detain him Prifoner , he had another Son by the Daugh-
ter aiSaxonie , who might fuccced him , as he did, in his power and
greainels. .'
' 39. But firft, he thought it moft agreeable to his prefen t condition,
to employ other hands and heads befides his own ; to which end he had
fo contrived it , thzfwhWR. h\s Brother Lcdorv/ck inv3Ld(:d FrieJIafid , and
Count Hojlrat out oCJuliers and the Lower Palatinate crofsed over the
Mofe, an Armyof the/"rf«f/^ Hugomts (hould fall into Afioif , to give the
sia/iiards the more work by this treble invafion. But i\\t-Prench Forces
being followed at the heels by fome Troops of Horfe , whom the King
' fent after them, were totally defeated nee;r the Town of St. Vallerj ; their
;■ chief Commanders brought to P^m , ahd there beheaded. ComM Ho-
■':-'j?/^/with his Forces had the misfortune, firft broken, and afterwards
'■'iotally vanq,uj(hed by Sajicho d'AviU on^ of J/r/s Generals; Onely
■-■ Tcrj'jijyb'O .-«iiVi-,^Vv^ .fsiDuv, Count
Lib.iii. Cl)c i^iftoji? of tift I&?e?!b^tcnanjf3 103
Count Lodotvick had the honour of a fignal Vi(5lory, but bought ittvith.
the death of his brother Jdolpir whom he lo/l in the Battail ; though;
afterwards encountring with the Duke himfelf , he loft fix thoufand ofj
his Men , belides all his Baggage , Ordnance and Ammunition, hardly,
efcaping with his life. And now it is high time for the Prince to en-
ter •, who having raifed an Army of eight and twenty thoufand Hoffei
and Foot fincreafed not long after by the addition of three thoufaadi
Foot and five hundred Horfe, which the French Hngomts out of pure ZeaJl
unto the Caufe had provided for him) takes his way toward Brabanti-.
which he had marked out for his Quarters ^ but there he found the Dukes
whole Army to be laid in his way, whom he could neither pafs by, nor
ingage in fighc^theDuke wellknowing^that fuch great Armies wantiiirt
pay, would disband themlelvcs, and were more fafely broken by delay
then battail 5 onely he watched their motions, and ingaged by partiesj
in which he always had the better:and by thefe Arts fo tired the Prince
that in the end he was compelled to diffolve his Forces, and retire ohc^
more in Na([aw. But whilft the Duke was thusimployed infecuriag the
paflages of the Country which lay next to Germany y he left the ports and
Sea Towns open to the next Invadour: Which being obferved by William
de March Baron of Lu/na^ who with few Ships kept himfelf upon the Seas
out of Alva's reach, he fuddenly feized upon the Brill, a port of HdLnd,
where he defaced fuch Images as he found in: their Churches, omittin*
no irreverence unto any thing which was accounted Sacred ; but other"
wife fo fortified and intrenched the Town, that it proved impregnable;
This hapned on P4/»? Sunday, Jmoi-yjo-, and on the Sunday following;
being Eajler-dzy, the Spa»tlh Garrifon is turned out of Vlujhing^ the chief
port of ZeJand: by gaming of which two places, it might not be unfitly
faid,. that they carried the keys of Holland and -Z'frf/Wat their Girdle,
and were inabled by that means to receive fuccoursfrom all parts and
Nations which, lay towards the Seas, as they after did.
40. The lofs of thefe two ports drew along with it a defedionof moft
of the ftrong Towns in fIollaiid,which at the inftigacion of the Baron of
jC*i»M,put themfelves under, the command of thePrince of 0y4«'^f,and at
his motion took the Oath of fidelity to him^from him they received their
Garrifon, Shipping and Arms, and to him they permitted the difpofing of
all places of Government,making ofLaws,and the diftributing of the Re-
vnues which belonged to the Clergy : To him fuch multitudes repaired
m^.of France and England, (befides Auxiliary Scots)th2it Within lefs then
four months^a Navy of one hundred and fifty Sail lay rigged in Vlufhing-^
and from thence fpoiled and robbed all Merchants of-the Sfanilb party;
Nor were the Dukes affairs in much better order in the parts ntyxFrance,
in which Count Lodotvick with the help of fome French Hugonots had
made himfelf Mafter of Mom, the chief City of Huynalf 5 which feemed
the more confiderable in the eyes of y^/x'*,becaufe the French King openly
but for different ends , had avowed the Adion. By whofe permilfion.
Gaffer CoUigny , the great Admiral of France , and one of the chief Lea-
ders of the Hugonot party, had raifed an Army in the Borders, confifting
of fix or ft ven thoufand men , which he put under the command of the
Lord of ^enlis , who had before conduced the /"rf/^f^ Succours to the
Prince of orangz. But ^eniii being defeated by Don Fredmck the Du ke?
Eldeft^
104 ^^ "t^fim of ti^c ^;c0b^tetian0. Lib. in
Eldeft Son , and the Prince of orange wanting power to relieve the Be-
fieged , the Town was re-delivered into the hands of the Spaniards upon
terms of honour , and Lodowick retires to Dilejnberg , the chief Town of
Ai . The Prince of Orange in the mean time, animated by the general
i>evoltofalmofl all the ftrong Towns in /fo/i!*,^, railed a new Army of
no fewer then eleven thoufand Foot and fix thoufand Horfe •, with which
he entered into Brabant^ pofleft himlelf of fome of the principal Towns,
and fuffered others to redeem thcmfelves with great fums of money,
with which he fatisficd his Souldicrs for their pains and hazard in the {
obtaining of the reft. Dendcrmond and Oudenard, two ftrong Towns of
Flanders which had made fome refiftance, he both ftormed and plunder-
ed •, the Souldiers in all places making fpoil uf Churches , and in fome
tyrannizing over the dead, whole Monuments they robbed and pillaged.
But none fared worfc then the poor Priefts , whom out of hate to their
Religion , they did not oneiy put to death , but put to death with tor-
tures^- and in fome places which fell under the power of the Baron of
i»?»rf' hanged up thtir mangled Limbs or QuarterSjas Butchers do their
fmall Meats in a common Shambles : which ipoils and cruelties fo alie-
nated the affeftions of all the people , that his power ia thofe parts was
not like to continue long •, and having failed of his attempt in relieving
Mens ^ croffed the Countrey into /fo/Z;j»<^, ashisfureft receptacle ^ on
whofe retreat the Duke recovers all the Towns which he had taken in
Jirahnt and Flanders, follows him into No/iand^znd befiegcth Harlem ; in
which the Souldiers,to demonftrate of what Sedtthey were, made a meet
Pageant of Religion : for fetting up Altars on the Bulwarks, they dref-
fed^them with Images and reprelentations of the Saints 5 and being atti-
red in Copes and Vtllcnents, they fung Hymns before them , as if they
were offering Devotions. After which mockery they brought out thercf
femblances of Priefts and Religious perfons made of ftraw, whipc them,
and ftabbed them into the body 5 and finally , cutting oiFtheir heads,
fluno them into the Leaguer : Sometimes they alfo placed the Images
of Chrift, and many of the Saints,againft the mouth of the Cannon, with
many other Arts of the like impiety 5 for which they were brought to
a dear reckoning when the Town was taken •, at which time moft of
them were either put to the Sword, or Hanged, or Drowned.
42. Frederick the Prince Eledor Palattne had hitherto ingaged no
further in the iJf/f^r^' troubles then the reft of his Neighbours. But
now he doth more cordially efpoufe the quarrel , upon fome hope of
propagating the Calvinian Do(5lrine8 , which he had lately introduced
into liis D^ominions. And being well affeAcd to the Houfe of JV^j^jp,
and knowing what encouragements the Calviman Fadtion in the Nether-
lands had received from them , cheerfully liearkened to fuch propoli-
tions as were made to him at the firft by Cotmt Ledowick his Minifters,
and after by the Agent of the Prince hiraielf. He had fent fome aid
not long before to fupport the Hugonots : But now his Souldiers being re-
turned from France, and growa burdenfome to him , are drawn toge-
ther into a body -J and with the helpof fome others out of fr/j;7fe and
Germany , componnd an Army of feven thoufand Foot and four thou-
fand Horfe, with which he fends Prince Chrifiopber a younger Son,
under
Lib. III. ■2Cl)el^((lojYoftl)et&jei5l)?tenan0. idj
under the condu(ft of Count Lcdowick and his Brother Hcfiry. But they
had fcarceentred within the Borders of Gdderlmd^ where they expe-
ded an addition of frtfli Forces from the Prince of Orange, when they
were fet upon by 5'4«t-^/o iyfw/rf before mentioned, and routed with fo
great aflaughter, that almoftall the whole Army were either takeui
prifoners, remedilefly wounded, Or flain outright : and as for their three
Generals, ZtJ^ffW^ of iV^f/iW, Gr^w/ff^.TJ", and the young Prince chri-
ftofher^ they were either llain fighting in thebattail, or trampled under
the Horfes Feec, of finally,ftifledin the flight, as they crofTed the Fens ^
tlie laft more probable^ becaufe their bodies were not to be found on the
ftriifleilfeaich.
4?. But notwithftanding this misfortune, neither the Prince Eledor
nor t>e Pi;aje of Orange could be moved to defert the Caufe: which by
the temptatioi of revenge was grown dearer to them. For after this
we find Prince Cajimir^ another of the Prf/^/z^je Princes, in the Head of
an Armyraifed foraififting the Confederates in the 5(?/^/V)& Provinces,
(by which name they b^gan to be commonly called) after the death of
Hcquefenes, who had fucceeded ^/i'/j in the public k Government 5 but
wanting time before his death to fettle the command in fome trufty
hands, till fome Supreme Officer might be fent unto therh from the
Court of Spai/i •, the Government devolved for the prefent on the
Council of State, and was invaded afterwards by the States themfelves,
whofe Deputies alTembling in the Council-houfe or Court of Brufsels,
made up the body of that Council which governed all Affairs both of
Peace and War. But great contentions growing betwixt them and the
Souldiers, and thofe contentions followeij on either fide with oreat ani-.
mofities, the Prince of Orange had a moft excellent opportuniry for the
eftablidiing of his new Dictatorfhip over Holland and Zealand^ and
fome of the adjoyning Provinces of lefs name and note. But being
weary at the Ia(l of their own coaTufions, and more impatient of the
iufuppoitable infolencies of the Spanifli Souldiers, an Aflociarion is
firft made in the Provinces of Brabant^ Flanders^ Artois and Hajndlt.
By which it was agreed in Writing, and confirmed by Oath, that
they flwuld mutually aflift each other" againft the Spaniards till they had
cleared the Country of them. And with thefe Provinces, confifting
for the mod part of fuch as were counted Catholicks, Holland znA Zea-
/<r«(!/, with the reft, though eflcemed heretical, did aflociate alfo: which
Union is called commonly the Pacification ef Gaunt-^ becaufe agreed on
in thgifCity, and wasfo much iniifted on by t!ie Heads of'the Lea-
guers, that it was counfelled by the Prince, not 10 nAmiz o{ Don ^ehn
for their Supreme Governour, till he had ratified and confirmed that
Aflbciation.
44. But becaufe there was no mention of maintaining the Kings Au-
thority, or preferving the Catholick Religion in the Originals of the
League ^ it was found neceffary to provide for both by fome explica-
tion, to take away the envy and fufpition of that great difloyalty
which otherwife muft have fallen upon them. And by that explica-
tion it was thus declared, T'iz,. that they would faithfully from thence-
forth maintain the League, for the confervation of their moft Sa-
cred Faith , and the Roman Catholick Religion ^ for preferring the
P Pad-
io6 Ci^e "^iHm of t^^ ^>e0litte«tan0. Lib. iil
pacification made at GMnt; for the expulfion of the Spaniards and their
adherents ^ their due obedience to the Kings mofl: excellent Majefty be^
ing always tendered. According to which explication it was confir-
med by Dofi ^ehnnndsx the name of the perpetual EdiB^ with the Kings
confent ; who thpught his own Authority and the Roman Religion to
be thereby fufficiently provided for, but he found the contrary. For
•when the Prince of Orange was required to fubfcribe to the Pacifica-
tion, with the addition of two Claufes for conftancy in this Religion,
and the Kings obedience, he refufed it abfolutely, alfuring fuch as mo-
ved it to him, that the Provinces under his command or confederacy
with him were barred in Confcience from fubfcribing to the prefervati-
onofthe ifowz/^Paith. And at this time it was, that he merrily tuld
the Duke of Jrefcot, who was one of the Delegates, that there was not
more Cahifm on his head, then there was Calvinifm in his heart. He
well forefaw that the agreement betwixt D^«^t)/;« and the Eftatesof
the Country would not long continue ; and he refolved to make fome
advantage of the breach, whenfoever it hapiied. Nor was he any
thino miftakenin the one or the other ^ for difcontents and jealoufies
encreafing mutually between thepartits, Dm ^ehftkavtsBrufsels^and
betakes himfelf to the Caftle oiNamnre for fear of an Affaflinace (as it
was oiven out) which was intended on his perfon : which fo incenfed the
Eftates, that by a general confent, a Diifatorian or Soveraign power
was put into the hands ef the Prince of Orange by the name RuArt^
according to the priviledge and practice of the BraLnters in extreme
neceffities. Inverted with which power, he inftituteth a new face of
Government both in .Br»/}f/jit felf, and many of the Towns adjoy".-
ing, modelled after the Example of Holland and Zealand. He demoli-
ilied alfo the great Fort at Antwerp, which had been raifed with fo
great Pride and Oftentacion by the Duke of Aha: The like done alfo
indemolifliinetheCaftlesof C^w^j^/z^-^fA/, Zr/f, Valenciennes^ and fomc
other places-, performed by fuch alacrity by them that did ic, as if
they had fliak^n off the Yoke of fome Forein fervitude. An Oath
was alfo framed for renouncing all obedience to Bon ^ohn their Go-
vernour, and peopl: of all forts compelled to take it : for the refufal
whereof by the ^efuits of Antwerp, a rabble of Calvmian Zealots, on the
day of Pentecojly forced open the doors of that Society^ plundred their
houfesofall things Sacred and Prophane, and fet the Father onboard
a Ship of the Hollanders with great fcorn and infokncie, to be landed in
fomc other C '^J'ltcy.
45. The like done alfo to the Fathers 0^ Tour nay., Bruges, and Mae-
/m/'^jbaniflied on the fame account from their feveral Cities 5 with
whom were alfo exiled in fome places Francifcan Vryars, in others ma-
ny fecular Priefts, who would not eafily be perfwaded to abjure their
Loyalty- By whofe departure divers Churches were leftdeftjtute, and
unprovided of incumbents toinftrudthe people : which fo increafed
the confidence and hopes of the Cohinians, that they not only petition-
ed the Eftates for liberty of Confcience, but for the publick ufe of
Churches in their feveral Territories: but being refufed in their de-
fires, (though the Prince of Orange openly appeared for them)they were
refolved no longer to exped the lazie temper of Authoritv, but ad:u-
ally
Lib. III. ci^ei^tftoj^oft^et&jcjibpterianjs. 107
ally took pofleffion of fome of the Churches in Brahmty GtldcrLndi
and Fhnders^ and openly exercifed that Religionj which till then they
had profefled in fecret ^ nor durft the Eftates do any thing in vindicati-
on of their own Authority, confidering what necefl'ary ule they might
have of tliem, in the prelent War againft Den ^uhn, and from how
great a perfon they received incouragement. But in the midft of this
career, they received a liop 5 for the Confederates being vanquiflied
by Bon John at the battail of GembUck^ Bruftls and all the Towns of
Brabant fubmitted themfelves one after another to the power of the, con-
querour. Fhthpvil^ a firong Town of Haynalt, Limbur^ and DaUm^
with feme others, not fo eaiily yeilding, were either forced by long
fiege, or fome violent ftorming, orotherwife furrendrtd upon capitu-
lations. During which Sieges and Surrendrics, the Prince of Orange^
who had efcaped with fafety from the battail o^Gemblack^ was bulied
in eftablilhing his Dominion ontheCoaftof Holland : In which de-
fign he found no oppoiition bur at Amfierdam, conftant at that time,
even to miracle, both to their old Religion and their old Obedience.
But being befieged on all fides both by Sea and Land, they yeilded on
condition of enjoying the freeexercife of their former Faith, and of
the like Freedom from all Garrifons, but of Native Citizens : But
when they had yeilded up the Town, they were not onely forced to ad-
mit a Garrifon, but to behold their Churches fpoil'd, their Prielh eje-
<aed, and fuchnexv Teachers thruft upon them as they raoft abomina-
ted. But liberty of Religion being firft admitted, a confufed liberty of
opinions followed fliortly after 5 till in the end that Town became the
common Sink of all Scds and Sedaries which hitherto have difturbed
the Church, and proved the greateft fcandal and difhonorof the Re-
formation.
46* /^^iJfrf-vi had lately been too fruitful of this viperous brood, but
never more unfortunate, then in producing David George o( Delfe^ and
Henry Nicholas oi Leiden, the two great Monfters of that age : but the
impietiesof the firft were too grofs and horrid to find any followers j
the latter was fo fmoothed over as to gain on many, whom the Impo-
ftor had feduced. The Ambaptifts out of Wefifhalia had found fiielter
here in the beginning of the Tumults ; and polfibly might contribute
both their hearts and hands to the committing of thofe fpoils and out-
rages before remembred. In imitation of whofe counterfeit piety, and
pretended finglenefs of heart, there ftarted up another Sedlas danger-
ous and def! ru'c1:ive to humane Society as the former were •, for by in-
finuatin^ themfelves into the heart of the ignorant multitude, under a
fhew of fingular Sandity and Integrity , did afterwards infed th^ir
minds with damnable Herefies, openly repugnant to the Chriftian
Faith. In ordinary Speech they ufed new and monftrous kinds of expref-
fions, to which the ears of rtien brought up in the Chriftian Church had
not been accuftomed, and all men rather wondred at then underftood.
To difference themfelves 'from the reft of mankind, they called their
Sedby the mmt oHht lamilj vf Love, and laboured to peifwade their
hearers, that thofe only were ele(ited unto life Eternal, which were by
them adopted Children of that Holy Family •, and that all others were
but Reprobates and Damned perfons. One of their Paradoxes
P z wai'
I o? Cl^e "i^i^m 0^ tf^ ^ je0bi?temn0. Lib. iil
was<and a fafeone too) that it was lawful for them to deny uporj oji.h
whatfoever they pleafed, before any Magiftrate, or any other whorafo-
cVer that was not of the hms jFumtly or Society with them. Some.books.
they'had, in which their dotages were contained and propagated •, firl^
writ in Dutch, and afterwards tranflated into other Languages as tended
cioft to their advantage •, tlsat is to fay. The Gofpel of the Kwgdom •,. The
Zords Sentences •, The Profhefe of the Sprit of the Lord .-, The fublicanon. .^f
feactupn earth : by the Author H. N, But who this H. N. was, thofe of
thti Fdmily could by no fair means be induced or inforced by threat-
rtines to reveal. But after, it was fgund to be this Henry Nicholas of
]^iden^ whom before we fpake of : Who being emulous of the Glories of
Kinc iohn of Lei JcK, that moft infamous Botcher, had. moll: blafphe-
moufly preached unto all his followersi> that he was partaker of the Divi-
^.tiity of God-, as God was of his humane nature. How afterwards they paft
over into J5»^/4W5 and what reception they found therei^'-nfiay be told
hei'tafter. -■ml
50. By giving freedom of Gonfcience to all Sedts andSedarieSi'^nd
amon«^ft others, to thefe alfo, the Prince of Orange had provided him-
■felf of foftronga party in. this Province, that he was- able to maintain
-a defenfive War againft all his oppolites, efpecially after he had gaia-
ed the Ports of Brill and FluPiing, which opened a fair entrance unto all
a.ivent.\ners out of England indScotLnd. For on the Rumour of. .this
War, the 5co^^ in hope of prey and plunder, the Enghf) in purl'uit of
-Honour and the ufe of Arms, reforted to the aid of their Belgtck Neigh-
bours , whofe abfolute fubjugation to the King of Spam was looked
•on as a thino of dangerous confequence unto either Nation. And at
the firft they went no otherwife then as Voluntiers of their own accord,
rather connived at then permitted by th;ir feveral Princes : But when
-the Government was taken into the hands of the States, and that the
-War was ready to break out betwixt them and Don ^ohn •, the Queen of
England did not only furnifhthem with large fums of mony, but entred
into a League or Confederation ^ by which it was agreed, That the
Queen (hould fend unto their aid one thoufand Horte and five thoufand
Foot •, that they fliould conclude nothing refpeding either Peace or
War, without her confent and approbation •, that they fhould not en-
ter into League with any pcrfon or perfons, but with her allowance, and
{he, if ibe thought good, to be comprehended in the fame-, that- the
States fliould fend the like aid unto the Queen, if any Prince attempted
any ad of Hoftility againft her or her Kingdoms ^ and that they lliould
furnifh her with forty Ships of fufficient burthen, to ferve at her pay
under the Lord Admiral of England, whenfoever (he had any necrffary
occafion to fet forth a Navy : and finally (not to infift upon the reft)that
if any difference Ihonld arifeamongftthemfelves, it was to be referred
and offered unto her Arbitrament. And to this League (he was the ra-
-ther in^luced to grant her Royal affent, becaufe flie had been certainly
advertifed by the Prince of Orange, that Don^ohn was then negotiating a
marriage with the Queen of Sats, that under colour of her Title he
might advance himfelf to the Crown of England. And yet (lie ven-
tured neither men nor mony, but on very good terms : receiving in the
way ofpawn thegreateft part of the rich Jewels ;ind maffie Orna-
ments
Lib. III. Clje l^ifto^^ of Ujz ^^mttmam.
ments of Plate which anciently belonged unto the PrpQ^spf the Houfe
pf Burgundy. i^-., .; -.
51. This League exceedingly inerealed the reputarionof the new
Confederacy, and made the -SW/a appear confidcrableintheeye.oCthe
world. And more it might have been, if either Do» John's improfper-
ous Government had continued longer , or if the Prince of OraK^/had
not entertained fome defigns apart for himfelf. But Don J.ghn dyes in
the year 1578, and leaves his Forces in the power of Alexander Farnez^
Jprince of P^rw^jSon to that Dutchefs whom we have fo often mentioned
in this part of our Hiftory. A Prince he was of no lefs parts and Mi
litary Prowefs, thenauy.of his Predeceflors -, but ofa better and n^ore
equal temper, then the bed araongft them •, whereof he cave fufficienr
reftimony in following Government , in which he was confirmed (after
the Kings occalioned lingrings) with great ftate and honour : For hav-
ing regained from the States fome of the beft Towns of which they hact
pofTeffed themfelves before the arrival of Don ^ohn^ he forced them toa
necelTity of fome better counfels then thofe by which they fleered their
dourfe fince they came to the Helm. And of all counfels none feemed
better to the Prince of Orange , then that the Countrey ftiouldbe f)
cantoned amongft feveral Princes, that every one being in<7a<Jed to de-
fend his own , the whole might be preferved from the power of the Spa-
niards. To this end it had been advifed that Flanders and Artois iliould
return to the Crown o^ France , of which they were holden , and to the
Kings whereof the Earls of both did homage in the times foreooin^.The
Queen of £;«§-//2».'3? was to have been gratified with the Illesofzc^/rf;;^/.
the Du kedom of Guelder s to divert to the next Heirs of it -, Gronin^ and
Deventer to be incorporated with the Hans j Holland and Frie(land toge-
ther with the diftricht o^ Utrecht^ to be appropriated wholly to the'Prince
ofOrMge^ as the reward of his defervings: the Srahanters to z new
Eledion , according to their native rights: the reft of the Provinces
to remain to the German Em fite , oi' which they had anciently £-
ieired.
51. This diftribution Iconfefs had fome cunning in it, and muft have
quickly broiight the Sfanijh pride to a very low ebb , if he that laid the
plot could have given the pofltfllon. It is reported that when the Pope
offered the Realms of Naples znd Sicily to King Henry the Third for Ed-
'■mond Earl of Laricajler his youngeft Son , he offered them on fuch hard
conditions , (andfo impolTible in a manner to 'be performed) that the
Kings Embaffadors mtrrilytold him, he might as well create a Kino--
dom in the. Moon , and bid his Mafter climb up to it , for it fhould be
his. And fuch a Lunary conceit was that of the divifion and fubdivi-
fion oi x.\\Q Belgick Provinces,in what Calviman head foever it was forced
and hammered. For being that each of the Donees was to conquerliis
part before he could receive any benefit from it , the device was not like
to procure much profit, butonely to the Prince of Or^zg-^ , who was al-
ready in polTefllan, and could not better fortifie and afTure himfelf in
' his new Dominion , then by cutting out fo much work for the Kin^ of
Spin^' as probably might keep him exercifed to the end of the World.
But this device not being likely to fucceed, it feemed better to the Prince
of Orange to unite-t'ie Provinces und;:r his command into a Solemn'
League
10^
no
'W%t K^iftoj^ of ti^e ^je0Dttcttan^. Lib. in
League and Afsociation, to be from thenceforth called the PcrfetudUni-
en ° Which League, Afsociation, or perpetual Union, bears date at '
Utrecht on the 13 oi'jamary 1578, and was then made between the Pro-
vinces oiHoUand^ ZeaUnd^ Guelder s^ Zutfhcny Utrecht, Ir/epfid and Over-
rdel with their Afsociates , called evtr fmce that time the UmtedPro-
vitices. In the firft making of which League or perpetual Union , it
*579* ^^5 provided in the firft place, that they fliould infeparably joya toge-
ther for defence of themfclves, their Liberty and Religion , againft the
power of the Sfamard. Bur it was cautioned in the I'econd , that this
Afsociation fhould be made without any diminution or alteration of the
particular Priviledges, Rights, Freedom, Exemptions, Statutes , Cu-
ftoms Ufes, Preheminencies, which any of the faid Towns, Provinces,
Members, or Inhabitants at that time enjoyed. Liberty of Religion to
be left to thofe of Holland zndZeaU^d , in which they might ^overn
themfelves as to them feemed good : and fuch a Freedom left to thofc of
other Provinces5as was agreed on at the Pacification made at Gaur/t -, by
which it was not lawful to moleft thofe of the Church of Txcme in any
manner whatfoever. ., / j , , . , •
5?. But more particularly it was provided and agreed on, that fuch
Controverfies as fhould grow between the faid Provinces, Towns , or
Members of this Union, touching their Priviledges, Cuftoms , Fie:-
doms, &c- ilwuld be decided by the ordinary courfe of Juftice , or by
fome amicable and friendly compofitionamongfl: themfelves-, and that
no other Countries,Provinces, Members or Towns, whom thofe Coun-
tries did no way concern, fliallin any part meddle by way of friendly in-
termiflion tending to an accord. Which caution I the rather note in
this place and time , becaufe we may perhaps look back upon it in the
cafe oi Barnevelt , when they had freed themfelves from the power of
the Spaniards , and were at leifure to infringe the pablick Liberties , in
the purfuit of their particular Animofities againft one another. But to
proceed: this Union, as it was more advantagious unto Queen Eliza-
beth , than the general League -, fo was it afterwards more cordially af-
fedcd by her, when their neceflities inforced them to caft themfelves
and their Eflates upon her protedion. But thefe proceedings fo exafpc -
rated the Kinc^ o^spaifty that heprofcribed thePrinceof Or/z;?^^ byhis
i<c8i. publick Edia/'bearing date ^«»e 18. 1581. And on the other fide , the
* Prince prevailed fo far upon thofe of the Union,as to declare by public k
Inftrument, that the King oiSfain^ by reafon of his many violations of
their Rights and Liberties", had forfeited his Eftate and Intercft in the
feveral Provinces, and therefore that they did renounce all manner of fi-
delity and obedience to him. Which Inftrument bears date on the twen-
ty fixth of ^tdj then next foUowiiTg. Upon the publifhing whereof,they
brake in pieces all the Seals, Signets, and Counter-fignets ofthe King of
Sfain •, appointed others to be made by the States General -, for dif-
patchoffuchbufinefs as concerned the Wwow or Confederation-, requi-
ring all fubjeds to renounce their Oaths to the faid King of Sfain^ and to
take a new Oath of Fidelity to the general Eftates, againft the faid King
and his Adherents: the like done alfo by all Governours , Superinten-
dents, Chancellors, Counfellors, and other Oflicers,6^<r. They had be-
fore drawn the Sword againft him, and now they throw away the Scab
bird,
Lib.iii. Ct)e ^iftoiv of t^e ^^^htttmn^.
berd. For to what end could this adion aim at,buc to make the breach
irreparable between them and the King , to fwell the iiijutv Co hiph as
not to be within the compafs of future pardon ^ And when men once
are brought unto fuch a condition , they muft refolvc to fi<?ht it out to
the very lall-, and either carry away the Garland as a fign of Vidory, or
btherwife live like Slaves, or dye like Tray tors. But this was done ac-
cording to Calvins Doftrine in the Book in Inftitutes , in which he gives
to the Eftates of each feveral Countrey fuch a Coercive Power over
Kings and Princes, as the Efhofi had cxercifed over the Kings ofsparta^
and the Roman Tribunes fometimes put in pradice againfl fAe Csnfuls]
And more then fo , he doth condemn them of a betraying of the Peoples
Liberty, whereof they are made Giurdtans by Gods own appointment (fo
he faith at leaft) if they reftrain not Kings when they play the Tyrants
and wantonly infult upon, or opprefs the Subjefts. So great a Mafter
could not but meet with fome apt Scholars in the Schools of Polity, who
would reduce his Rules to pradice , andjuftifietheir pra<aiceby fuch
great Authority.
. J4. But notwithftanding the unfeafonable publication of fuch an un-
precedented fentence, few of the Provinces fell off from the Kinos obe-
dience-, and fuch ftrong Towns as ftill remained in the hands'ofthe
States , were either forced unto their duty , cr otherwife hard put to it
by the Prince of Parma. To keep whom bufied in fuch foit , that he
fliould not be in a capacity of troubling his Affairs in Holland , the Prince
o{ Orange put the Brahanders (whofe priviledges would beft bear itj to a
new Election : And who more fit to be the man then Francis Duke of
Anjmt, Brother to Henry the Third oi France., and then in no fmall poffi-
bility of attaining to the Marriage oftheQueenofi:;?^/j»^C Aflifted
by the Naval power of the one, and the Land Forces of the other,What
Prince was able to oppofe him c" and what power to withstand him <
The young Duke pafTing over Into England , found there an entertain-
ment fo agreeable to all expe(5tations , that the Queen was fcento put a
Ring upon one of his Fingers •, which being looked on as the pledge of
a future Marriage, the news thereof ported prefently tothe XojvCoww-
tries by the Lord Aldegund who was then prefent at the Court, where it
was welcomed both in Antwerp zndot\\tT places with all fi<Jnsof joy,
and celrbrated by difcharging of all the Ordnance both on the Walls,
and in fuch Ships as then lay on the River. After which triumph
comes the Duke, accompanied by fome great Lords of the Court o^ En-
gland, and is inverted folemnly by the Eftates of thofe Countries, in the
Dukedoms o^ Brabant and Limbtirg., the Marquifate of the Holy Empire,
and the LordHiip of MachUn : which a(5iion feems to have been carrye i
by the power of t!ie Crnfiftorian Calvinifis- for befides that it acrreeth
fo well with their common principles, they were grown veryrtron<?ln
Antwerp, where Philip Lord of Aldegund^ aprofert Calvinian,\\'Z% Deputy
for the Prince of Orange^?, they were alfo in mort Towns of confequence
in the Dukedom of Brabant. But on the other fide, the Rom ifli party
was reduced to fuch a low eftate,that they could not freely exercife their
own Religion, but onely as it was indulged unto them by Duke Francis.,
their new-made Soveraign , upon condition of taking the Oath of Alle-
giance to him , aj\d abdicating the Authority of the King of Sfain ^ the ^
grant
HI
112
'Wf^t i^iftojt ot ti^c ^?e0bttcrian0. Lib. in
crraQt of which permiffion had been vaia and of no fignificancy, if at that
time they could have freely exercifed the fame without it. But whofo-
ever they were that concurred moft powerfully in conferring this new
honour on him , he quickly found that they had given him nothing but
an airy Title, keeping all power unto themfelves: So that upon the
matter he was nothing but an honourable Servant , ^and bound to exe-
cute the command of his mighty Mafters. In time* perhaps he might
have wrought himfelf to a greater power -, but being young , and ill ad-
vked, he rallily enterprifed the taking of the City oiJattverp • of which
bein<> fftiftratcdby theraifcarriageof his plot , he returned inglorioufly
in France, and foon after dyes.
55. And now the Prince oi Orange is come to play his laft part on
the publick Theatre: his winding Wit had hitherto preferved his Pro-
vinces in fome temrs of peace, by keeping Dfl;?^i;A/« exercifed by the
General States , and the Prince of Parma no lefs bulled by the Duke of
Jnjou ■ nor was there any hope of recovering HolUy.d and Zealand to
the Kind's obedience ,, but either by open force , or fome fecret pra-
aice- the firft whereof appeared not polTible , and the laft ignoble.
But the necefTity of removing him by what means foevcr , prevailed at
laft above all fence and terms of Honour. And thereupon a defperate
youno- Fellow is ingaged to murther him •, which he attempted by
difcbar^incf a Piftol in his Face, when he was at Antwerp attending on
the Duke of Jnjott', fo that he hardly efcaped with life. But being
recovered of that blow, he wa» not long after fti3t with three poyfon
Bullets by one Balthafar Gerard z Burgundian born , wlK)m he had late-
ly taken into his fervice: which murder was committed at Delph in Hol-
land on the 10 oi ^ime 1584, when he had lived but fifty years, and
fome Moneths over. He left behind him three Sons, by as many Wives.
One Anne the Daughter of Maximilian of Egmvnt Earl o{ Bucen , he be-
gat Philip Earl o( Bucen his eldeft Son , who fucceeded the Prince of O-
range after his deceafe. By Anne the Daughter of Maurice Duke Ele-
(ftor of Saxon) , he was Fat4ier of Gra^je Maurice , who at the age of
eiehteen years was made Commander General of the Forces of the States
United , and after the death oifhilip^ his Elder Brother, fucceeded him
in all his Titles and Eftatcs. And finally, by his fourth Wife Lovi^e
Daut^hter of G&l^er CoUignj great Admiral of France (for of his third,
bein°a Daughter to the Duke of Montpenficr , he had never a Son) he
was°he Father of Prince Henry Frederick , who in the year 1625 be-
came SuccefTor unto his Brother in all his Lands , Tit'es, and Com-
mands. Which Henry by a Daughter of the Count oiSolmes , was Fa-
ther of ^////^w Prince o^ Orange, who married the Priiijcefs Mary , Eldeft
Dauc^hter of King C^^r/fj, the fecond Monarch of great Britain: And
departing this life in the flower of his youth and expeftations,^;«;70i65O,
he left his Wife with child of a Poft-humous Son,who after was Baptized
by the name o^ William, and is now the onely furviving hope of that fa-
mous and illuftrious Family.
55. But to returnagain to the former J^T/Z/ww?, whom we left weltrin?
in his blood at Delph'm Holland: He was a man of great pofleflions and
Eftates, but of afoul too large for (o great a Fortune. For beiides the
Principality of Orange in France , and the County o[Na([arv in Germany-,
he
Lib.aii. ci^e ttftoj^ of t^e ^ie^lj^tenan J. 1 1 ^
3
he was pofTefled in right of his firft Wifeof the Earldoin; of Bucen iri ^
CelderUnd,d.sd\(o of the Towa and TerTitories of Lerdam'e^ud ifelftinf
in Holland -, and in his Own Patrimonial Right was Lord of the ftronor
Towns and goodly Sagmrks of Bredx^ Cr*ve and D^ejl, in the Dukedom
o^ Brabant . In the right of which laft Lordfliip he was Surgrave of
Antwerp. He was alfo Marquefs of T^rt and Vlnfiing^ with tome ju-
rifdidion over both, in the Ille of Walckren •, by Charles the Fifth made
■ Knight of the Golden Fleece, and by King Philif Governour c^HonaM;'-
Zealand^ and the County o^ Burgundy. All which he might have peace- '
ably enjoyed vvith content and honor, as did the Duke o[ Jnfehof^a.nd
many others of the like Nobility, if he had aimed only at a perfonal or
private greatnefs. But it is polfible that his thoughts carryed him to'
a higher pitch, and that perceiving what a general hatred wasborn by
the Low-Coiintry-men againit the Spaniard^ he thought it no impofli-
ble thing to difpoflcfs them at the laft of all thofe Provinces, and to gee
fome of'them for himfelf. And he had put fair for it, had not death
prevented him, by which his life and projedTs were cut off together. For
compafTing which projcdls he made ufe of that Religion which beft
ferved his turn : being bred a Lutheran by his Father, he profeft him-
felf a Bemanifi undev Charles the Fifth-, and after finding the Calvirii-'
, dns the more likely men to advance his purpofes, he declared himfelif.
chiefly in their favour, though he permitted other Se(5ls and Sedaries to'
grow up with them •, in which refped he openly oppofed all Treaties,
Overtures, ^nd Propofitions, looking towards a peace, which might
not come accompanied with fuch a liberty of Confcience, both in Do-
drinecind Worlliip, ashc knew well could never be admitted by the
Minifters of the Cacholick King. But the C/j/wz/^^i?/ of all others were
moft dear unto him. By his encouragement the Belgick Confeffion
Avas drawn up and agreed upon 1 567. By his countenance, being then
Burgranje and Governour of Jnttvcrpi^s before is faid) they fet up their
Confiftory in that City, as afterwards in many others of the Dukedom'
ofjr4^4»f-, and by his favour they attained unto fuch Authority, and
took fuch deep root in Holland, Zealand^ and the reft of the Provinces un-
der his command, that they prevailed in fine over all Religious Se<fts
and Se diaries which are therein tolerated,
57, And that they might the better be enabled to retain that power
which under him they had acquired, they were refolved not to return
again to their firft obedience, which they conceived fo inconfiftent
with it, anddeftrU(5i:iveof it: To this end they commit the Govern-
ment to fome few amongft them, under the name of the Eftates who
were to govern all affairs which concerned the publick in the nature of
a Common-wealth, like to that of the Smtzers-^ fo much the more agree-
able to them, becaufe it came moreneer to that form or Polity which
they had erefted in the Church. And in this pofture they will Itaod a^
long as they can-, which if they found thcmfelves unable to continue with
any com fort, and that they needs mufthave a Prince, they will fubmic
themfelves to the French and Englij}), or perhaps the Dane -, to any rather
then their own. And to this point it came at laft -, for the Prince of^'
P^rwd fo prevailed , that by the taking of Gaunt aad Bruges he had
Q^ reduced
114 C]^e!^ifto^1?ofC^e|&je0i)|temn0, Lib. in.
reduced all Flanders to the Kings obedience, brought J/jWerp unto terms
' of yeilding, and carryed on the War to the Walls of Utrecht. In which
extremity they offered themfelv^s to the French King 5 but his affairs
were ib perplexed by the H»^o^c?j on the one fide, and the Guifun Fa(ai-
oh on the other, that he was not in a fit capacity to accept the offer. In
the next place they have recourfe to the Queen of EngUnd-^ not as be-
fore, to take them into her protection, but to accept them for her Sub-
jeds^ and that the acceptance might appear with fome fliew of juftice.
they'infift on her dtfccnt from thilif Wife to King EdrvArd the Third, Si-
fter, and fome fay Heir of J-F/Z/z^w the Third, Earl of Holland.^ Hayrjalt^
&c. Which Fhilif^ if (lie were the Eldeft Daughter of the faid Earl Wr/-^
Ham (as by their Agents was pretended) then was the Queens Title bet-
ter then that of the King of Spam-, which was derived from Margaret the
other Sifter : Or granting that Philip was the younger^ yet on the failer,
or other legal interruption of the Line of Mrrgaret^ (which feemed to
be the cafe before them) the Queen of EngUnd might put in f^ r the next
Succcffion : and though the Queen upon very good reafons and confide-
rations refufedrhe Soveraignty of thofe Countries, which could not
without very great injury to publick juftice be accepted by her •, yet fo
far ihe gave way to her own fears, the ambition of fome great perfons
who were near unto her, and the pretended zeal of the reft, that fhe
admitted them at the lafl into her protedion.'
58. The Earl of iwf/?fr was at that timeof greateft power in the
Court qI England^ who b^ing a great favourer of the Pmttm Fadtion,
and eagerly affeding to fee himfelf in the head of an Army, follici-
ted the affair wfth all care aud cunning ; and it fucceeded anfwcrably
to his hopes and wiflies. The Queen confents to take them into her pro-
tedion, to raife an army of five thoufand Foot and one thoufand Horfe,
to put it under the command of a fufficient and experienced General,
and to maintain it in her pay till the War were ended. And it was con-
descended toon the other fide, that the Towns oi Brill and rlujhin^y
with the Fort of Ramekins^ fliould be put into t!ie hands of the Englijh-^
that the Governour whom the Queen fliould appoint over the Garri-
fons, together with two other perfons of her nomination, (liould have
place and iuffrage in the Council of the States United •, that all their
' own Forces (liould be ranged under the command of the £;i!f/;y^ Gene-
ral •, and that the States fliould make no peace without htr confcnt.
By which tranfatflion, they did not only totally withdraw themfelves
from the King of Spain., but fuffered the Englifh to poffefs the Gates of
the NetherLnds., whereby they might imbar all Trade, (hut out all
Supplies, and hold them unto fuch conditions as they pleafed to give
them. But any Yoke appeared more tolerable then thatofthe i'/'4»i-
ard i, and any Prince more welcome to them, then he to whom both
God an Nature had made them fubjed. According unto which agree-
ment, ylufhi^.g is put into the hands of Sir Fhilip Sidney., the EngUjh
Army under the Command of the Earl of Leicefter -, and (which is
more then was agreed on) anabfolute authority overall Provinces is
committed to him, together with the glorious Titles of Governour and
Captain-General oiHolLmd., Zealand., and the reft of the States Uni-
ted : which how it did difpleafe the Queen ; what courfe was took
to
Lib. in. "QTl^ei^tfto^^oftlieiajejSb^ten'atfjs. nj
to mitigate aad appeafe her anger j what happened in the war,betwikt
him and the Prince of Parma •, and what crols Capers betwixt him and
the States themfelves, is not my purpofe to relate. It is fufficient that '
we have prefented to the eye of the Reader, upon what pririciplts the
Netherlands were firfi embroyled, whofe hands thty were by which the
Altars were pfophaned, the Images defaced, Religious Houfes rifled,
and the Churches ruinated ; And finally, by what party, and by whofe
Grange pra dices, theKingof^/^w was totally devcfted of all th'ofe Pro-
vinces, which fincehavecaft themfelves into the form of a Common-
wealfh.
5P. Which being thus fliortly laid together in refped of their PoH-
ticks, we muft look back and take another view of them in their Eccle-
fiafiicks. In which we ihall find them run as crofs to all Antiquity as"
they had done to Order and good Government in their former Adings.
And the firft thing we meet with of '^/Church-concernment, was the
publifhiiigof their ConfefTion of theff Faith and Do(5trine, Anno 1565'
or thereabouts (as many national and provincial Churches had done be-
fore) but differing in many great points from that oi Amber^-^ and there,
fore the lefs acceptable unto the Lnthtrm party, and the more diftafte-
fui xo the RomiPj. In which Confelfion, to be fure, they muft hold forth
a parity of Miniflersin the Church of Chrift 3 they had not elfe come
up to the Example anddefign ofthe Mother-City, which v/as to lav
all flat and levil in the publick Government : For m the XXXI Article
(4) it is faid exprefly, that for as much as "concerns the Minifters of W ^-j/'f^w'
Gods holy Word, in what place foever they fliall execute that Sacred "■".'."■""'""■■'■
Galling, they are all of them to enjoy the fame Power and Autho-A/w-^/w,'*-
rity, as being allof them the Miniltcrsof Jefus Chriff, the onely U- ^'""'^■'"' '."""
niverfal Bilhop, and the onely Head of his Body which is the Church. 'd!mm''pu-
And for the Government of the Church, it was declared to be moft a-ft''^^'" ^ ^'''^
greeable to that Sacred and Spiritual Polity by G.d prcfcribed in his'Sr'''"
Word, that a Confiftory, or Ecclefiaftical Senate fliould be Ordained in Confcff/Bdg.
every Church, coniifting of Pafiors^ ELiers and Deacons, (I?) to whofe ft,?sm'grw
charge and care it ihould belong, that trne Religion be preferved, found <7«-7-,y«r e;^
Doftrine preached,and that all vitious and lewd livers fliould be reflrain- "'''^""!; ''''/
ed and punifhed by the Churches Cenfures. > For turning which Aerian^s^^Jum^qua.
Dodrines into ufe and pradice, they did not only animate all Orders and-'' ^''''S'\
Degrees of men not to admit their new Bifliops where they were not fet- Tthlcmiones
Ied,or to expel them vv^here they were •, but alienated and difmembred all ""'" ^'^'^'^
fuch Lands and Rents by which they were to be maintained. This they"j?(&^" ^'"
conceived the readieft way to make fure work with them •, /for when the ibid. Art.gc
maintainance was gone, the Calling was not like to hold up lonc^ after.
And this being done, as they hadfirit fet up their Confiflorics in Ant-
wfr/*, and fuch other Cities in which they were confiderable for powet
and number •, fo by degrees they fet up their Presbyteries in the leffer
Towns, which they united in Clafes, and ranged thofe CUlJes into Nati-
onal and Provincial Synods : In which they m.ade fuch Laws and Ca-
nons (if fome of their irregular Conftitutions may deferve that name)as
utterly fubverted the whole Frame of the ancient Difcipline, and drew
unto themfelyes the raanagery of all Affairs which concerned Re-
lision.
Q.2 50. Bat'
i I e Cl^e K^iftojt of tije t^je^bttctian^. Lib. iiL
60. But that they might not be fuppofed thereiH to derogate from
the Authority of the Civil Magiftrate, they are content to give him a
coercive power in fome matters which were meerly Civil •, and there-
fore in plain terms condemn the AnahApijts for feditiovis perfons, Ene-
mies to all good Order and publick Government. But then they clog
him with fome Duties, in which he was to be fubfervient to their ov/n,
^Mmll\"T dcfigns 5 that is to fay U) the countenancing of the Sacred Miniftry •, re-
tiieantur, om- moviug all Idolatry from the Worihip of God -, the ruinating and de-
nmidoutr]. ^^q^^^^ of Ph 6 Kingdom of Antichrift. And what thev meant bvAn-
tiifdmove- tichrlft. Idolatry, and the Sacred Mmiltry, is eahe to be underftood,
T\^jf"iiT without the help of a Commentary. Which Duties if the Magiftrate
dirlMt%c. ihall difcharge with care and diligence, he would eafe them of much la-
ib.An.55. bour, which otherwife they meant to take upon themfelves •, if not,they
muft no longer ftay his leifure, nor exped his pleafure, but put their
own hands unto the work : and fo ifwas delivered for good Doctrine by
Suecanusj a Divine QiWeji-Frieflahl'Soi which fee /. 8. mm. :3. Which
thoughit be the the general Dodrine of all the party, yet never was
it preached more plainly then by Clefelim a Cahimun of Rotterdam, who
openly maintained, that if the Magiftrates took no care to reform the
(b) ^ncffi 4 Church, {h) that then it did belong to the common people : And they,
iimidfdcere ^g |^g injforms us, were obliged to do it even by force and violence, not
lihas".' ' only to the fhedding of their own, buttheit Brethrens blood, (c) So
fc) Licet ad principled,it could be no marvail if they turned out the Bifliops to make
IfyfepTeo room for their own Presbpefies^ defaced all Churches that retained any
fugmnt. thing in them of the old Idolatries 5 and finally, pulled down even the
Civil Magiftrate, when his advancing did not ftand with their ends and
purpofes. Flitctusjlyricm^ the founder of the Stiff or Rigid LuthsrunSy
had kd the way unto them in the laft particular : By whom it was held
(A)-prmips forth for a Rule in all Church- Reformations, {d) that Princes (liould
potius mitu j^g rather terrified with the fear of Tumults, then any thing which
mnndos^,' fcemed to favour of Idolatry or Superftition lliould either be tolerated or
quamvd »»'■ connived at for quictnefs fake. Concurring with him as they did, in
7Mfn!d"i- liis Dodirinesof Predeftination, Grace, Freewil, and things indiffer-
gendam. Ne- ent, they were the better fitted to purfue his Principle, in oppofition un-
<^^'^'^^'P°"^' to all Authority, by which their Conncils were controuled, or their
^' ^' Power reftrained. And by this means, the publifhing of their ConfefTi-
on with thefe Heads and Articles, they did not only juftifie their exor-
bitancies in the time then paft, but made provifion for themfelves in the
times to come.
61. In fuch other points of their Confeffion as were meerly do(flri-
nal, and differing from the general current of the Church ofi?owf,they
{hew themfelves for the moft part to be Anti-Lutheran-, that is to fay,
Zuinglims in the point of the Holy Supper, a.nd CahJrJ(}s in the Do-
drinc of Predeftination. In which laft point, they have expreft the
Article in fuch modeft terms, as may make it capable of an Orthodox
(e) ^n Deus and fober meaning : For prefuppofing all mankind by the fall oi Adam
'h'^fntiih in ^^ ^^ involved by Gods juft judgment in the Gulph of Perdition, they
chifioFJe- make them only to be (e) predeftinate to eternal life, whom God by his
^'f «'^ .A-'-^'f- eternal and immutable counfel hath eleded in Chrift, and feparated
confeii. Art. ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ EleAion. But when the differences were bro-
ken
Lib. III. Cl)e !^ifto,i^ of tlje ^iz^b^tzmm.
117
ken out betwixc them and fuch of their Brethren which commonly paft
amongft them by the name of Remonftrmts , and that it was pretended
by the faid Remonftrants that the Article flood as fair to them as the op-
pofite party ; the words were then reftrained to a narrower fence thea
the generality of the expreflion could literally and Grammatically com-
port withal. It was then pleaded, that they only were to expound the
Article, who had contributed their alfiftanceto themakint^ of it • and
that it did-appear by the fucceUion of their Dodtrine from the firft Re-
formation , that no other method of Predeflination had beentauohc a-
mongft them , then as it was maintained by Calvin and his Followers
in their publick Writings •, under which name^as thofe o[ Beza:s judge-
ment which embraced the Sufrdafifarian way defired to be comprehend-
ed •, fo did they feverally pretend, that the words of the Confeffion did
either countenance their Dodrine , or not contradidrthem. But on
the other fide , it was made as plainly to appear , that fuch of their firft
Reformers as were of the old Lutheran iiz.vaY> ■> '^"d had precedency of
time before thofe that followed Cdvins judgement , imbraced the 'Mc-
UnBhonUn way of Predeflination , and looked upon all fuch as Innova-
tors in the publick Dodrines, who taught otherwife of it. By them it
was declared , that in the year 1530, the Reformed Relicrion was ad-
mitted into the Neighbouring Countrey of Eafi-Friejlan^nndzx Enr.o
the Firfl , upon the Preaching ol Harding Bergius a Lutheran Divine of
great Fame and Learning , and one of the principal Reformers of the
Church of Ernbden, a Townofmoft note in all that Earldom • that
from him Clemens Martini took thofe Principles , which he afterwards
propagated in the Bclgxk Provinces •, that the fame Dodrine had been
publickly maintained in a Book called Odegus Laicorum^ or the Lay mans
Guide ^ publifhed by Amjlatms Vellnanus ^ Anno 1554, which was ten
years befor-e the French Preachers had obtruded on them this Confef-
fion ; that the faid Book was much commended by Henrkus Antonides
Divinity-Reader in the Univerficy of /"r^wj^j • that nafvvithftandin<^
this ConfeiTion , the Miniflers fucceffively in the whole Province o^
Utrecht adhered unto their former Dodrines, not looked on for f:> doin^
as the lefs reformed •, that Gallicus Suecanns , a man of <Treat Fame fo^
his Parts and Piety in the County oiWeft-FrieJlaj^d^ efteemed no other-
wife of thofe which were of Calvins judgement in the points difputed
then as of Innovators in the Dodtrine which had been firfl received a-
mongftthem^ that ^ohannis Ishrandi , one of the old ProfefTors of J?<f -
terdam ^ did openly declare him felf to be an Anti-Calvinian-^ and that
the like was done by Holwanuus Profeffor of Lt-jden , by Cornelius Minar-
di^ and Cornelius Wiggeri, men of principal efleem in their times and pla-
ces. Which I have noted in this place, becaufe it muf> be in and abouC
thefe times , namely before the year 1585, in which mofl of thefe men
lived and writ who are here remembred. What elfe was done in the
purfuance of this controverfie between the parties,will fall rnore proper-
ly under confideration in the laft part of this Hiflory , and there we fliall
hear further of it.
6z. Next, look upon them in their Tacficks , and we fball find them
as profefTed enemies to all publick Liturgies and Forms of Prayer,as the
reft of their Cilviman BrcthtQa. They thought there was no fpeedier
way
ii:
ci^e ^iftojT of tint ^?c0l3^tcrtan0. Lib. in
way to deftroy the Map , then by abolirtiing the M;ff'^ls •, nor any fitter
means to exercife their own gifts in the ad:s of Prayer, then by fuppref-
£in<y all fuch Forms as feemed to put a reftraint upon the Spirit. Onely
they fell upon the humour of tranllatingD^x'/ij Fjalms into Dutch Meter,
and caufed them to be fung in their Congregations, as the French Pfalms
of Marrots and Beza's Meter were in moft Churches of that people. By
which it feems, that they might fing by the Book , though they prayed
bv the Spirit-, as if their fingingby thcBookin fet Tunes and Numbers,
impofed not as great a reftraint upon the Spirit in the ads of Prairing,as
reading out of Book in the ads of Praying. But they knew well the
influence which Mufick hath on the fouls of Men : and therefore though
they had fupprcffed the old manner of rmglng,a[id all the ancient Hymns
•which had been formerly received in the Catholick Church •, yet finging
they would have,and Hymns in the Metetjas well to pleafe their ears,as to
cheer their Spirits, and manifeft their alacrity in the Service of God.
And though they would notfing with Organs , for fear there might be
fomewhat^in it of the old fuperllition 5 yet they retained them jftill in
many of their Churches ; but whether for civil entertainment when they
met't02ether,Drtocompore and fettle their affedions for Religions Of-
fices or to take up the time till the Church were filled , I am nor able to
determine. The like they alio did with all the ancient weekly and fet-
times of Fafting, which (following the example of ^m«y) they devour-
ed at once, as contrary to that Chriftian Liberty, or licentioufr.efs rather,
to which they inured the people,when they firft trained them up inoppo-
iltion to the See o^Rome. No Faft obftrved, but when fome publick
oreat occafion doth require it of them 5 and then but half- Faft neither,
as in other places , making amends , at night for the days forbearance.
And if at any time they feed moft on Fiili, as fometimes they dojit rather
is for a variety to pleafe therafelves in the ufe of Gods Creatures, or out
of State-craft to encourage or maintain a Trade which is fo beneficial to
them •, and rather as a civil then Religious Faft.
6x. But there is no one thing wherein they more defaced the outward
fiate of the Church, then in fuppreifmg all thofe days of publick Wor-
fhip which anciently were obferved by the name of Feftivals , together
with their Eves or Vigils. In which they were fo fearful of afcrib-
in«y any honour to the Saints departed , whofe names were honoured by
thofe days , that they alfo took away thofe Anniverfary Commemora-
tions of Gods infinite Mercies in the Nativity,Paflion,Rerurre(5liun and
Afcention of our Saviour Chrift : which though retained amongft the
Switzers , would not down with Calvin •, and being difallowed by him,
were reprobated without more ado in all the Churches of his Platform,
and in thefe with others. And though they kept the Lords day, or ra-
ther fome part of it, for Religious meetings-, yet either for fear of lay-
in^ a reftraint on their Chriftian Liberty , in Attributing any peculiar
hdinefs to it which might entitle them to fome fuperftition , they kept
ihat neither but by halfs 5 it wasfutficient tobeftow an hour ortwoof
the morning in Gods publick Service, the reft of the day ftiould be their
own , to be imployed as profit ftiould advife , or their pleafures tempt
them. And whereas in fome places they ftill retained thofe afternoon
Mcetin<^s to which they had been bound of Duty by the Rules of the
Church
Lib. III. Clje i^ittoj^ of tf^z i^^ejJbttenan?. ii^
church oiRome ; it was decreed in one of their firft Synods (that name-
ly which was held at Dort , 1 574) (4) that in fuch Churches where v>\x^O-) Publico,
blick Evening-Prayers had been omitted^ th^yfhoald continue as they """^'"'■'"'*
were •, and where they had been formerly admitted, fhould be difconti- KSiT
nued. And if they had no Evening-Prayers, there is no queftion to be •^' '"'"^""^
made but they had their Evening Paftimes, and that the afternoon was 5?/'/;?
fpent in fuch imployment as was moft fuitable to the condition of each ''■^^•"■•Coilat.
(everal man. Nor was the morning fo devoted to Religious ufes but "*^' '^'^•^^°
that in fome of their good Towns they kept upon that day the ord'inary
fairs and Markets, {Kirk-Mafes, as they commonly called them) which
ftiuft needs draw away a great part of the people to attend thofe bufi-
nefles,to which their feveral Trades and Occupations did moft efpecially^
oblige them. What alterations hapned in the change of times, we fliall
fee hereafter.
64. Nor was that portion of the day which they were pleafed to fet
apart for Religious Duties, obferved with much more reverence by thofe •
in the Church, then it was by others in the Market 5 the head uncover-
ed very feldom , and the knee fo little ufed to kneeling , as if God had
created it for no fuch purpofe. And whereas once TertuUtm did upbraid
the Gentiles for their irreverence in fitting before fome of thofe Gods
whom thty pretended to adore •, fo mightthis people be reproached for
ufing the fame pofturein all ads of Worlhip, but that they do itpurpo-
fely to avoid all outward figns of Adoration : even in the Sacrament of
the Supper , in which it cannot be denyed but that oUr Saviour is more
eminently prefent then in any other Divine Ordinance of what name fo-
ever, they are fo fearful of relapfing to their old Idolatries (if by that
name they may be called) that they chufe rather to receive it in any po-
fture, fitting or (landing, yea, or walking , then reverently upon their
knees. For fo they have ordained it in another Synod, mentioned by
Dmid AngelocYAtur in his Epitome Conftlmum. By the decrees whereof
{b) it was kf: at liberty to receive that Sacrament ftanding, fitting , or (t,) liberm
walking, but by no means kneeling: And kneeling was prohibited, ^/^/''««''»»''f-'
oh i^r^Mlfei-ccf penculum , for fear of falling into a new kind of Idolatry /l^tZm'ct
(which was never thought of in the World till they found it out) that 'fi'-J'^ »"«
is to fay, Bread-mfjhip , or the Adoration of Bread it felf. The Cofife- f^T 1^^""'
rencezx. Hamf ton-Court had told us fomewhat , but obfcurely, of thefeCapaVArt.8.'
Ambling Communions 5 but I never underftood them rightly till I faw
this Canon. For Canon they will have it called , though moft tinca-
nonical. More of the like fluff might be produced from the A(5ts of
their Synods , but that this little is too much to inform the Reader how
different they are, both in their Difcipline and DoiSrine, in point of fpe-
culation, and matter of praftice, from that which was moft countenan-
ced by the piety of the Primitive times , and recommended to them by
the conftant and uniform tradition of the ages foUowincf.
65. As is their work , fuch is the wages they received • and as the
reverence is which they give to Chrift in his holy Sacrament, fuch is the
honour which is paid them by the common people. They had aboliftied
the daily Sacrifice of Praife and Prayer,which might have been continued
though the Mafs was abrogated •, difclaimed the hearing of Confeflions'
thevifitationof the Sick, and Sacerdotal Abfolution , as inconfiftcnc
with
120 '3C^fiftojtoCtl)e^ie0Dtterianj5. uhAii
with the purity of their Profeflion -, took away all the annual Fefti\'als,
with their Eves and Vigils •, and in a word r>;duced the whole Service
of their Miniftry to the Sunday-Morning : Wliich hardly taking up the
tenth part of time expended formerly by the Priefts on Religious Offices,
they were fo confciencious as the reft contented with littfe more then
the tenth part of thofe yearly profits which by the Prieft had been re-
ceived. They had behdes fo often preached down Tythesasa^fjv//S
maintainance improper and unfit for Minifters of the Holy GofpeUwhen
they were paid unto the Clergy of the Church oiRomc , that at the laft
the people took them at their word , believe them to be fo indeed •, and
are fpurred on the fafter to a change of Religion , in which they faw
fome olimmering of a prefent profit. Oftheie raiflakes the Prince of
0r4;>«ff was too wife not to make advantage- giving afTurance to the
Land-holders and Countrey-Villagers, that if they Hood to him in the
Wars againfl the Sfamard^, they fhould from thenceforth pay no Tythes
unto their Minifters, as before they did.The Tythes in the mean time to
be brought into the common Treafury toward the charges of tae War,
the Miniflers to be maintained by contributions at aneafie rate. But
when the War was come to fo fair an ifTue, that they thought to be ex-
empted from the payment of Tythes, anfwer was made that they fhould .
pay none to the Minifters, as they had done formerly, whereby their Mi-
nifters in effed were become their Af4/?er^5 but that the Tythes werefo
confiderable a Revenue to the Common-wealth, that the State conld not
pofTibly fubfift without them-, that therefore they muft be content to
pay them to the States Commiffioners, as they had done hitherto •, and
t;hat the State would take due care to maintain a Miniftry. By means
•whereof they do not only pay their Tythes as in former times •, but fee-
ing how much the publick allowance of the State doth come fhortof a
competency (though by that name they pleafe to call it) they are con-
ftraincd, as it were, out of common charity, if not compelled thereto by
order J to contribute over and above with the reft of the people , for the
improvement and increafe of the Minifters maintainance. But as they
Bake, fo let them Brew, to make good the Proverb. And fo I leave
them for the prefent , till we have traced the Presbjterian )^x3.St\cts and
pofiiions both in England 2in6i Scotland (but in Scotland firftj to that point
of time to which we have deduced their fuccefTes in thefe Belgick Pro-
vinces, and then we ihall hear further of them as they come in our way.
77;e End of tk-Th'.rd 'Boot
tit
J E%IV S \ET>IV I VV S:
OR THE
HISTORY
o If T H E
Presbyterians.
L I B. IV.
Containing
their hi^mning^ Trogrejs and Tefitiom ; their dangerous PraSiices^
InfurreSions , and Confpiracies in^alm of Scocland , /row the
year 1544 to the year 1566.
Rrofs we next over into Scotland.vihere the Genevim
Principles were firfl: reduced into ufe and practice.
In which refped the Presbyterians of that Reahii
fliouldhave had precedencie in the prefent flory,
not only before any of their Brethren in the Belg'tck'
Provinces, but even before the French themfelves,
though neareftboth in fcituation and affedion to
the Mother City. For though the Emiflaries of
Cf^fwjhad long bten tampering with that adlive and unquiet people ^
yet fuch a ftrid hand was held upon them both by Francis the Firft, and
Henry the Second his SucceflTor , that they durft not ftir , till by the
death of thofe two Kings they found the way more free and open topiir-
iue thofe counfels, which by the induftry of thofe men had been put in-
R * to
122
ci^ l^iftojt ot m i&ie^brtetian^. Lib. iv
to them, before which time the Scots had afted over all thofe Tumults,
Kiots and Rebellions , in which not long after they w ire followed by
the French and NetherUnds. But howfoever I have purpofely referved
them to this time and place , becaufe of that influence which they had
on the Realm of England, and the connexion of affairs between both the
Kingdoms , till they were both united under the command of one Sove-
raitni Prince. And this being faid, I fhall without more preamble pro-
ceed to the following Hiftory.
2. Itwas about the year 1527, that the Refon-hation of Religion
begun by Luther ■i was firft Preached in Scotland , by the Miniftry of
one PAtrick Hamilton , a man of eminent Nobility in regard of his birth,
as beintJ Brothers So;i to ^itmes Earl o{ Arran -, but far more eminent
inthofe'times for his parts and piety , then the Nobility of his Houfe :
fpendincr fome time at Wittenberg in the purfuit of his Studies, he ^ew in-
to acquaintance vf'iih Martin Luther, Philif Melanfthon, and other men of
name and note in thatUniverficy -, and being feafoned with their Do-
iflrine he returned into Scotland , where he openly declared himfelf a-
gainfl; Pilgrimages , Purgatory, Prayer to the Saints , and for the dead, |
without ooing further. And further as he did not go, fo indeed he
could not. For on the noife of thefe his Preachings , he was prevail-
ed with bynames Beton hxchhiiho^ of S. Andrews to repair to that City^
but was fo handled at his coming , that after fome examinations he
was condemned to the fire: which tentence was inflidedon him on the
\2i{iQ^ February. But the Church is never made more fruitful, then
when the foyl thereof is watered with the blood of Martyrs. For pre-
fenrly upon the committing of this Fad, moft men of quaUty bfgan to
look into the Reafons of fuch great feverities, and were the more in-
quifitive after all particulars , becaufe they had not been affrighted
with the like Example in the memory of the o'.defl: man which then lived
amon<jft them. By this means the opinions of this man being known
abroad, found many which approved , but very few which had juft rea-
f on to condemn them •, and palfuig thus from hand to handjgavc further
caufe to thofe of the Popilli Party to be watchful over them. And for
loncftime they were on the fuffering hand , patiently yielding up their
lives to the Executioners , wherefoever any fentence of death was paft
upon them. And it flood till thedeceafe of King ^ames the Y\h\\^Anm
1542, when the unfetlednefs of Affairs , the tender infancy of the young
Queen, not above nine days old at the death of her Father , and the con-
ferring of the Regencie after fome difputes on !fames Earl of Arran^yiho
was thought to favour their opinions , imboldned them to appear
more openly in defence of themfclves , and to attempt upon the Chiefs
of the contrary party •, whereof they gave a terrible Example in the
death of Cardinal David Be.'en , immediately or not long after the cruel
burnin<T oi George Wifchart (whofe name is mollified by Bacbanan into So-
fecardius) a man of great efteem amongft them , who having fpent fome
time in France , and being converfant with fome Cahinijlsoi that Na-
tion, returned into his Native Countrey with fuch Jrf/^f^ Commiffio-
ners as were feat unto the Earl of Arran, Anne 1544. In little time he
had gained unto him.ielf fo many followers , that he became formidable
to the greateft Prelates •, but unto none more then unto Cardinal David
Bet on.
Lib. IV. Cl^e ^ifkoit of t^e ^rnhvitTtsmn- t^^
Bito»i Archbilliop of St. Andrews alfo , and Nephew unto ^afftes his
Predeceflbr. By whofe Authority and procurement he was condemned
to the like death as Hamilton before had fuffered , in the year next fol-
lowing. , ; ~, ,
3. Amongft the followers of this man (the moft remarkable in refe-
rence to my prefent purpofe^ were Norman Lejly eldeft Son to the Earl of
Kotks, ^ehn LeJly Uncle unto Norman^ ^ames Melvin^ and the Kirkddie$;
Lairds o'i Crunge. By whom and others of that party , a plot was laid
to furprife the Caftle , and take revenge upon the Cardinal for- the
death offVifhart, Having poffeft themfelves of the Gates of the Caftle
they forced their way into his Chamber, and were upon the point of
ftriking the fatal blow , when J-xmes Mel'vin told them with <»reac
fliews of gravity , that the bufmefs was not to be aded with focb
heat and paffion. And thereupon holding a Ponyard at his breft,
put him in mind of (bedding the innocent blood of that famous Mar-
tyr Mafs George Wijhart , which now called loud to God for vengeance,
in whofe name they were come to do juftice on him : which faid , he
made this proteftation , That neither hatred to his perfon , nor love to
his Riches , nor the fear of any thing concerning his own particular,
had moved him to the undertaking of that execution ^ but only becaufe
he had been , and flill remained an obftinate enemy againft Chrift Jefus
and his Holy Gofpel. Upon which words, without expecting any an-
fwcr , or giving the poor man any time of application to the Father of
Mercies , he ftabbed him twice or thrice into the body with fo ftron^ a ^^
malice , that he left him dead upon the place. In the relating of which > 5 4^-
Murder in Knox his Hiftory , a note was given us in the Margent of
the firft Edition , Pnnttd a.t London inoffavff^ which p.iints us to the
Godly ad and faying of ^amcs Melvtn 5 for fo the Author calls this
moft wicked deed. But that Edidion being ftopt at the Prefs by the
Queens command , the Hiftory ntver came out perfed till the year of
onr Lord 1644, when the word Godly was left out of the Marginal Note,
for the avoiding of that horrible fcandal which had been thereby given
to all fober Readers. But to proceed unto my ftory : it was upon the
29 of Mny-, that the Murderers poiTeft themfelves of that ftrong piece,
into which many flocked from all parts of the Realm , both to congra-
tulate the Ad, andalTift the Adors: So that at laft they caft them-
felves into a Congregation, andchofcjfc^;? ifow^^ , (who after fuffer-
ed death in England) to be one of their Preachers •, ^ohn Knox^xhu great 1 547.
incendiary of the Realm of Scotland^ for another of them. And thus
they flood upon their guard till the coming of one andtwenty GallieS,
and fome Land-Forcesout of France^ by whom the Caftle was befiec^ed,
and fo fiercely battered , that they were forced to yield on the laft
of^C/z/y, without obtaining^ any better conditions then the hope of
life. '
4. The Caftle being yielded , and the Countrey quieted , the French
returned with their booty , of which their Prifoners which they
broHght along with them made the principal part ; not made the tamer
by their fufFerings in the enemies Gallies^ infomuch that v/hen the I-
mage of the Virgin Mary was offered to them to be kilTed on fome folemn 1
occafion , one of them fnatched it into his hands, flung it into the Sea,
R 2 and
r'4
Ci^ !^tftojv Of ttie i&iejuu^tetian?. Lib. iv.
and faid unto them that brought it, in a jeering manner ^ That her Lndy^
Bjipwas Ikht enough , and might learn to [mm. Which defp:rate and un-
advifed aaions(as it was no tosher) is faid by Knox to have produced this
oood effea , that the Scots were never after tempted to the like Idola-
tries, Knox at this time was Prifoner in the Gallies ambngft the r^ft,
and with the. reft releafed uponthe Peace made between France & Eng-
Imd, . at the delivering up of Bidloigne ^ from whence he paft over iritd
SfJland, where he was firft made Preachtnr at £4w/c/: , next at New-
cMe^ afterwards to fome Church of Londm \ and finally, in feme other
places of the South-: fo that removing like our late Itmerdms from one
Church to another, as he could meet with entert3inment,he kept him-'
ftlf^vithin that Sanduary till the death of Kmg Edward , and then B^i'
took himfelf to Geneva for his private Studies : From h&nce he publiihed
hJsdefperate Do^rine of Predeftination , which he makes not only to-
be an impulfiveto, butthecompulfive. caufeof mens fins and mens
wickedneffes: Prom hence he publifhedhis Trayterdusind feditious
Pamphlet, entituled , The frfi hiaji of the Trumpet , in which he writes
inoftHitterly,amongft other things , againft the Regiment of Women,
aiminff therein particularly at die two Maries Queens of Scotland, Qyeen
Mary oi England . av.d May.y Qaea:\ Dowager o^ Hungdry , Governefs of
the Lorp-C%mtries for charles-ihc Fifth : and finally, from hence he pu-
bliihed another of the like nature, entituled, Jn Admonition to chrijliam :
In which he mak^sthe Empecour Charles tobe worfe then Nero, and Ma?y
Queen of England nothing better then ^efahel. According to which
good beginning, he calls her in his Hiftory(,but not publidied hence) that
Idolatrous and Mifchk'vous Mary of the Spaniards blood, a cruel perfeaarix of
Gods People , as the Ads of her unhappy Reign did fufficiently witnefs.
In which he comes as clofe to Calvtn as could be defired.
<. By this means he grew great with C^/x'/w , and the moft leading
men of the Confifiorians , who looked upon him as a proper Engine to
advance their purpofes : But long he had not flayed amongft them,when
he received ah invitation from fome Friends of his of the fame temper
and affedions , as it after proved , eo take charge of the Church of
Frankfort '^ to which fome learned men and others of the Englijl) Nation
had retir-^d themfelves in the Reign of Queen Mary : which call he firft
communicated unto C4/^';'«, by whofe encouragement and perfwafion
he accepted of it , and by his coming rather multiplyed then appeafed
the quarrels which he found amongft them : But fiding with the incon-
formable party, and knowing fo muchof Cahins mind touching the Li-
turoie and Rites of tlie Church of England., he would by no means be
perfwaded to officiate by it 5 and for that daufe was forced by Dr. Cox^
and others of the Learned men who rertiained there, to fonake the place,
5 555' as hath been IIkwu at large in another place. Owx^Ao^i Frank fort, h^:
rctUJnsacain to his Friends at Geneva-^ and being furnhhed with inftru-
dions for' his future carriage in the caufe of his Miniftry , /he! prepares
for his journey into Scotland , pafleth to Dieppe, from thence "to England^
. and at laft came a welcome man to his Native Countrey which he found
miferably divided into fides and fadions. Mary their Infant-Queen
had been trafported into France at fix yearsof age ; theRcgency taken
from James Ed.x\ of Jnan^ given to Mary 0 fLorratg?} the Qi^tns Ms-
•^ ther ;
Lib.iv. Ct)e i^ifto^v of tl^e ^u^hftmm^. la^
ther •, not vyelLpbeyed by mmy of che Nobility and great men of the
Country, but openly oppofed and reviled by thoie who feemed to'be
inclinable tQtlje Reformation. To thefe men Kmx applyed himfelf
with all ca;^e and cunning, preaching from place to place, and from
houfe to houfe, as opportunity Avas given him* In which he gathered
many Churches, and fet up many Congregations, as if he had been the
Apoftle General of the Kkkoi Scotlatui-^ in all points holding a con^
formity unto Calvim Platform, even tothefinging o^ Davids Pfaims in'
the Efiglifh Meter, the only Mufick he allowed of in^Gods pub}ick
Service. From Villages and private Houfes, he Vetitijired into foitie
of the great Towns and more eminent Cities ; and at tHe laft appealed
in Edenbo-tough \t felf, preaching in all, and miniftring the Communiort
in many places, as he fawoccafion. This was fufficient'to have raifed a
greater ftorm againft him then he could have been able taindare 5 but
he muft make itworfe by anew provocation. For at che perfwafioni
of,the Earl of G/f^^ur^je, and fome others of his principal followers, he'
writes a long Letter to the Queen Regent, in which he earneftly per-
fwades her to give ear to the Word of God, according as it was thert
preached by himfelf and others : which Letter being communicated by
the Queen to the Archbifliop of Glafco, and difperfed in feveral Co-
pies by Xhox himfelf, gave fuch a hot Alarm to the Bilhops and Cler*
gy, that he was citei to appear mBlackfryars Church in Edcnborou^h^ dri
the 15 of Mty: and though upon advertifement that he came accompa-
nied with fo great a train, that it could not be fafe for them to proceed
againft him, he was not troubled at that time 5 yet he perceived that
having made the Queen his enemy, he could not hope to remaine
longer in that Kingdom, but firftor laft: he muft needs fall in their
hands. ■ ■ \'\.\=>-t
6, But fo it happened, that when he waS in the midft of thefe perplex-
ities, ht received a Letter from the Schifmatical EngUjH which repair-
ed to Geni'vx^ when they had loft all hope of putting down the Englt^
Liturgy in the Church ot Frankfort, by which he was invited to return
to his former charge : this Letter he communicated to his principal
Friends, refolves to entertain the offer, and prepares all things for his
j )urney. And to fay truth, it was bur time that he fliould fet forwards^
for the danger followed him fo clofe, that within few days after his
departure, he was condemned for not appearing, and burnt inhis^j^-
gies at the Crofs in Edenhorough. But firft he walks his round, vifits all
his Churches^ takes a more folemn farewel of his efpecial Friends 5 and
having left fufficient inftrudions with them for carrying on the Refor-
mation in defpite of Authority, in the latter end of ^uly he fets fail for
Frarice. His party was by this time grown ftrong and numerous, refol*
ved to follow fuch di.redions as he left behind him. To which encou-
raged by the preaching of one Wi/Iock, whom Knox had more efpecially
recommended to them in the time of his abfence, they ftole away the
Images out of moft of their Churches ^ and were fo venturous, as to
take down the great Image of St. Gyles in the chief Church of Edeitbo-
rottgh, which they drowned firft in the North- lake, and burnt it after-
wards. But this was but a Prologue to the following Comedy. The
Feftival of St. G)i/ej draws near, in which the Image of that Saint was
10
,,^ C^e i^iftojt of ti^e |&je0lJttcnan0, Lib. iv
1557
to be carryed through the chief Streets of Edenborough in a folemn Pro-
eeflion attended by all the Priefts, Fryars, and other Religious perfons
about that City : another Image is borrowed from the Gray-Fryars to
fupply the place •, and for the honour of the day, the Queen Regent, her
felfwas pleafedtomake one in the Pageant. But no fooner was (lie
retired to her private repofe, when a confufed Rabble of the Kr.oxim
Brethren brake in upon them, difmounted the Image, brake off his
head againft the ftones, fcattered all the Company, pulled the Priefts
Surplices over their Ears, beat down their Croflfes ^ and, in a word, fo
difcompofed the Order of that mock-Solemnity, thathappy was the
man who could firft faye himfelf in ferae Houfe or other •, neither
their Ba^- pipes, ncr their Banners, their labrets, nor their Trumpets^
which m^ade a Principal part in that days triumph, though free enough
from fuperftition in themlelves, coaldefcape their fury, but ran the
fame Fortune with the reft. And though no diligence was wanting fu^r
findin'^ out the principal adors in that Commodoa -, yet as the liory
hath fnformed us, the Brethren kept thcmielves togecber in fuch com-
panies, finging of Pfalms^ and openly encouraging one another, that no
bodydurft lay hands upon them.
7. Finding by this experiment that they were jRirong enough to
begin the work, it was thought fit to call back Kncx to their afliilance^
to which end they difpatched their Letters to him in the March next fol-
lowing, to be conveyed by one fames Sym^ whom thty had rliroughly
inflrudedin all particulars touching their affairs. In May the Letcers
are delivered, the contents whereof he firftcommunicateth to his own
Coi^regation^ and afterwards to Cahin, and the reft of the Brethren of
that Confi{tory,by whomit wasunanimoufly declared unco him, that
he could not refitfe that Vocation-, unless he would Jhew himfelf rchellious unto
his God^ and unmerciful to hts Native Country, He returned anfwer there-
upon, That he would vifit them in Scotland with all convenient expe-
dition, and comes accordingly to Dieppe in o^okr following ; where
contrary to expedlation he is advertifed by Letters from feme fecret
Friends^ that all affairs there feemed to be at a ftand, fo that his com-
inc^ to them at that time might be thought nnncceffary. Highly dif-
plcafed with fuch a cooling Card as he did not look for, he fends his
Letters thence to the Nobility and principal Gentry ^ in which he lets
them know how much he was confounded for travailing fo far in
their Affairs, by moving them to the moft Godly and moft Learned men
(by which he means C ahin a.nd the Confifloriam) who at that time did
live in Europe., whofe judgements and grave counfels he conceived expe-
dient, as well for the affurance of their own Confciences as of his own-
that it muft needs redound both to his ibame and theirs,if nothing ftiould
fucceedin fuch long confukations •, that he left his Flock and Family
at Geneva to attend their fervice, to whom he iiiould be able to make
bur a weak account of his leaving them in that condition, if he were
asked at his return concerning the impediment of his purpofed jour-
ney •, that he fore-faw with grief of fpirit, what grievous plagues,what
mifery and bondage would moft inevitably befal that miferable Realm,
and every Inhabitant thereof, if the power of God with the liberty of
his Gofpel did not deliver them from the fame •, that though his words
might
Lib.iv. Cl)e ipliftoj^ Of tfje ^jc?*f tcrian?!. jjy
might fcemiharp, and to be fomewhat undifcreecly fpoken, yet wife,
men ought CO underftand, that a true Friend can be noflacterer, efpe-
cially when the queftion is concerning the Salvation both of body and
foul, not onely of a few men, but of States and Nations-, that if any
perfwade them for fear of dangers which might follow to faint in their
intended purpofe, though otherwife he might feem to be wife and
friendly, yet was he to be accounted foolifli, and their mortal enemy,
in labouring to perfwade them to prefer their worldly ,reft to God^
Praife and Glory, and the friendlhip of the wicked before the falva-
tion of their Brethren 5 that they ought to hazard their own lives, be
itagainftKingsor Emperours, for the deliverance of rhe people from,
fpiritual bondage-, for which caufe only they received from their Bre-
thren Tribute, Honour and Homage, at Gods Commandment. Finally,
having laid before them many ftrong inducements to quicken them
unto the work, 'he ends with this moft memorable Aphorifm, (which
is indeed thefum and fubftance of the whole Coyiftflerian Dodlrine in
the prefent cafe) thatthe Reformation of Religion, and of publick enor-
mities, doth appertain to more then the Clergy, or chief Rulers called
Kings.
8. On the receiving of thefe Letters, they are refoived to proceed
in their former purpole, and would rather commit themfelves and all
theirs to the greatell dangers, then fuflFcr that Religion which they cal-
led Idolatry any longer to remain amongft them, or the people to be
lb defrauded as they had been formerly, of that which they efteemedto
be the only true preaching ofChrifts Gofpel. And to this end they
encred into a common B)nd or Covenant, in the name of themfelves
their Valfals, Tenants and Dependants, dated upon the third of De-
cember and fubfcribed by the Earls of Argtale, Ghncarn: and Morton
the Lords Leme^ Ereskm of Dun, &c, the Tenour of which was as
foUoweth, 'VIZ.
9. We perceiving horv Satan in his me^^hers^ the Antichrijls of our time,
cruelly do rage^ (eekmg to overthrow and deftroy the Gofpel of Chrifi md hjs
CAngr^gition^ ought according to our bounden duty, to Jlrive in our Makers
caitfe, e'wenunto the deaths being certain of the victory in him: The which one
dttty being well confidered-, we &o promife before the Majejly of God md his
Congregation^ thut ive {by h:s Grace) Jhall with all dilligence continually apply
our whole power ^ fubfance^ and our very lives .^ to maintain^, fet forward, and
efiablifh the mofl blelfed Word of God and his Congregation. And fjjall lab cur
ace or ding to our power to have faithful Miniflers., truely and purely to minifiir
Chrifts Gofpel ar.d Sacraments to his fecple: we fl^all maintain them, nourifh
them, and ticfend them, the whole Congregation of Chn(l, and every Member
thereof, according to our whole powers, ani waging of our li-zes againfl Satan
And all wicked porter that doth intend tyranny or trouble againfl the of or cf aid
Congregation. Unto the which holy Word and Congregation we do jcyn us :
and fo do forfake and renounce the Congregation of Antichrift, with all
the SuperftitiOMS Abomination and Idolatry thereof. And woreover, fhaU de-
clare ourfehes manifcfl enemies thereto by this cur faithful promife before Cod,
tefli^edte this Congregatio-i by our fubfcription of thefe prefcnts.
10. Having
7^^ €;^e iptftoj^ of m |^ic0l3ttettan0. Lib. ly
lo. Havin^^ fabfcribed unto this Bond, theirnextcare wastoifTue
out thefe directions following, for the promoting of the work which
thev were in hand with : i. That in ail Parillies of that Realm, the
Common Prayer-Book (that is to fay, the Common-Prayerbookof
the Church of Engia^id) ihould be read upon the Sundays and Hoiydays
in the Parifh-Churcho together with the LefTons of the Old and New
Teftament by the fame appointed: 2. That preaching and interpreta-
tion of Scripture be had and ufed in private Houfcs, without any great
convention oFthe people at them, till it fliould pleafe God to put it in-
to the heart of the Prince to allow thereof in publick Churches And
had they ftood to that , they had been unblameable ; but finding by the
Subfcriptions which they had received from all pares of the Kingdom,.
that they were nothing inferiour to their Adverfaries in power and num-
8 ber they were not able to hold long in fo good an humour. Howfo-
^^ * ever it was thought expedient, for the avoiding of hcandal, that they
fliould firft proceed in the way of fupplication to the Queen and Coun-
cil • in which it was dt fired , that it might be lawful! or them to meet
pubUckly or privately for having the Common-prayers in the vulgar
toneue- that the Sacrament of Baptifm mighc be adminiftrcd in the
fame Tongue al fo ^ the Sacrament of the Lords Supper in both kinds,
according to Chrifts Inftitution ^ and that a Reformation might be
made of the wicked lives of Prelates , Pnefts , and other Ecclefiaftical
perfons. The Queen of Scots was in the mean time Married to the
DAulphin of France , upon whofe head it was defired by the French that
at the lead the Matrimonial Crown fhould be folemnly placed -, and
that all the Fremh Nation fliould forthwith be naturalised in the Realm
oi Scotland. For the better effeding whereof, in the following Parlia-
ment the Queen Regent thought it no ill piece of State- craft fo far to
oratifie the Petitioners in their defires,as to licenfe thtm to meet in pub-
lick or private for the exercife of their own Religion , fo that it were
not in the C\x.y o^ Edenboroiigh.^ or the Port of Leith^iot fear fome Tumult
or Sedition mighteufueupon it. But not content with this Indulgence,
they were refolved to move the Parliament for an Abrogation of all
former Laws made againft Seds and Herefies , by which they might
incur the lofs of Life, Land or Liberty •, and that none oF their profef-
fion (hould be condemned for Herefie , unlefs they were firft convinced
by the Word of God to have erred from the Faith which the Holy Spirit
witneffeth to be necelTary to mans Salvation.
II. But hereunto they could not get the Queens confcnt. And there-
upon theycaufeda Proteftationtobe drawn, and openly pronounced in
the face of the Parliament , in which it was declared , amongft other
things that neither they , nor any other of the Godly , who pleafed to
joyn^with them in the true Faith grounied upon the Word of G6d^
fliould incur any danger of Life or Lands, or other particular pains , for
not obfervin" fuchads as havepalTed heretofore in favour of their Ad-
verfaries,or for violating fuch Rites as have been invented by man with-
out the Commandmen^t of God •, that if any Tumult or Uproar lliould
happen to arife in the Realm , or that any violence Ihould be ufed in re-
fo^mino; of fuch things as were amifs in the ftate of the Church , the
blame ihould not be laid on them , who had defired that all things might
be
Lib. IV. Cl^e i^iftoj^ of t^e ptt^lj^tzmn^. 1 2^
be reaified by publiek Order: And finally, that they pretended ton'o
other end , but only for the reforming of fuch abufes as were found in
Religion 5 and therefore that they might no otherwife be thought of
then as faithful and obedient Subjects to Supreme Authority. And now
the Scheme begins to open: the Town of fe-r/^, by fome called Saint
^ohfjjione, declared in favour of the Lords of the Congregation, which
name they had took unto themfelves •, the news whereof was fo un-
ple afing to the Queen, that ihe commanded the Lord Ruthuen , a man of
principal Authority in the parts adjoyning ,• to take fome order for fup-
preffing thofe Innovations in Re'agion which fomebufie people of that
Tovvn had introduced : To which he anfwered, That he was able if ftie
pleafed, to force their bodies, and to feize their goods 5 but that he had
no power to compel their confciences: which anfwer did not more dif-
pleafe t!)e Queen, then it encouraged thofe of the Congre<»ation • who
now from all parts flocked to Pcrth^ as a Town ftrong by fituation, well i5?g
fortified, And flanding in a fruitful Countrey, from whence they rtji<7hc
receive all necelfaries, if any open force or violence fhould be ufed a<TaFnft
thera.
1 2. Kr.ox in the mean time had retreated to his charge at Geneva not
thinking fit to tempt that danger by an unfeafonable return, which he
had fo narrowly efcaped at his b.ing there. He only waited opportu-
nity to go back with fafety , and would not ftir, though frequently fol-
licited by his Friends in Scotland. Infomuch^ that means was made
to Cdvin by efpecial Letters , to re-ingage him in the Caufe: Which
Letters were brought to him in theMoneth o{ November^ Anno 1558.
And that it may appear what influence Cahin had upon all thecoun-
fels anddefigns of the Congregation , he is adverrifed from time to time
of th Ir fuccefles, of the cftate of their Affairs , whether oood or
bnd- in fo much, that when the Qaeen Regent had fed them wirh fome
flattering hopes , Cahin is fortawith made acquainted with their
happinefsinit. And who but he mufl: be dcfired to write unto her <
that by hh Grave counfel and Bx/jortation ■> flic might be dnijnated to oq
forward con ftantly in promoting the Gofpel. But though thefe Let-
ters came to Calvin in the Moneth 0^ November , yet we find not Knox
in Scotland till the Maj ntxt following , when thofe of his party had
pofftfTed themfelves of the Town of Perth : though he loved Calvin
well, and the Gofpel better , yet all that a man hath he will oive for his
life-, and Knox was dearer to himfelf then either of them. Butunro
Perth he comes at lafl , on the fifth of May. In the chief Church
whereof he Preached fuch a thundring Sermon againftthe ^deration of
Images, and the advancing of them in places of Gods publiek Wor-
Ihip , as fuddenly beat down all the Images and Religious'Houfes with-
in the Precinfts of that Town Forprefently after the endofthe Ser-
mon , when almofl all the reft of people were gone home to dinner
fome few which remained in the Church pulled down a glorious Taber-
nacle which Wood on the Altar , broke it in pieces, and defaced the I-
mages which they found therein. Which being difpatched,they did thd
like execution on all the reft in that Church • and were fo nimble at their
work, that they had made a clear riddince of them , before the tenth
man in the Town was advertifcd of it. The news hereof caufeth the .
S^ Mafcal
^ijo Ci^ei^iaojto(t^e|^ie^i)Ttemn0. Lib. iv
Eafcal Multitude (fo my Author calls them) to refort in great numbers
totheChurch. , But becaufe they foundthat all was donebefore they
came , they fell with great fury on the Monaftery of Carthufian Monks,
and the Houfes of the Preaching and frafiafcar} Fryars , beginning
■with the Images firft , but after ipoyling them of all their provifions,
Beddint^, and Furniture of Houfhold , which was given for a pray unto
the poor. And in the ruinating of thefe Houfes , they continued with
much force and eagernefs, fo that within thecompafs of two days, they
had left nothing Handing of thofe goodly Edifices but the outward
Walls.
13. It was reported that the Queen was fo inraged when (he heard
the news, that Ihe vowed utterly todeftroy the Town, Man, Woman,
and Child, to confume the fame with fire, and after, tofowSalt upon
it, in fif^n of perpetual defolation. And it is pofliblc Ihe might have
been as <yood as her word, iHhs Eatl of Cle/icanie , the Lords Uc'nltrie
and Bofdi the young Sheriff of ^/>, and many other men of eminent
Quality , attended by two thoufand five hundred Horfe and Foot , had
not come very opportunely to the aid of their Brethren. Perth being
thus. preserved from the threatned danger , but forced to receive a Gar-
rifon of the Qutens appointment 5 Knox leaves the Town , and goes in
company with the Earl of ^r^»//e, znaxhthotdi^ames Steward ■, to-
ward the City of St. Andrews. In the way to which,he Preached at a
Town called CrAile, inveighs moft bitterly againlf fuch French Forces as
had been fent thither under the Command of Monfieur doffelle , ex-
horting his Auditors in fine to joyn together as one man , till all
flranf^ers were expulfed the Kingdom 5 and either to prepare themfelves
to live like men , or to dye victorious. Which exhortation fo pre-
vailed upon moft of the hearers , that immediately they betook them-
felves to the pulling down of Altars and Images •, and finally, deftroyed
all Monuments of Superftition and Idolatry which they found in the
Town. The like they did the next day at a place called Anfimther.
prom thence they march unto St. Andrews^ in the Parilli Church where-
of J^wa: Preached upon our Saviours cafting the Buyers and Sellers out
of the Temple , and with his wonted Rhetorick fo inflamed the people,
that they committed the like outrages there as before at Perth , deftroy-
' in«^ Images , and pulling down the Houfes of the Black and Grey- fryars
with the like difpatch. This happened upon the 1 1 o^^une. And be-
caufe it could not be fuppofed bat that the Queen would make fome ufe
of her French Forces to Chaftife the chief Ring-leaders of that Sedition^
the Brethren of the Congregation flock fo faft unto them , that be-
fore Tuefdiiy night , no fewer then three thoufand able men from the
parts adioynincr were come to Coofer to their aid. By the accefllon ojf
which ftrength , they firft fecured themfelves by a Capitulation from
any dan^^er by the French'^ and then proceeded to the removing of the
Queens Garrifon outofPcrf/^, which they aUbeffeded. Freed from
Vvhich yoke , fome of the Towns-men joyning themfelves with thofe of
Dundee ^ make an affault upon the Monaftery of Scene , famous of
long time for the Coronation of the Kings of Scotland-^ and for that
caufe more fumptuoufly adorned , and more richly furnifhed then any
other in the Kingdom. And though the Noblemen , and even Kmx
himfelf,
Lib. IV. Cl^eftftoji?oft^0i&ie0l)pten'an0. t^i
himfelf, eadeavoured ro apptafe the people, and to /top their fury, that-
lb the place might be preferved •; ,yet all endeavours proved in vain , (tP
were coldly followed. So that in fine, after fome Ipdyl made in defa"^?'
cing of Images , and digging up great quantity of hidden goods which
were buried there,, to be preferved in expedat ion of a better day ; they
committed the whole Houfe to the mercy of Fire -, the flame whereof
gave grief to fome, and joy to otliers of St. Joh»ftones^(c\i\i^tQ not above
a Mile from chat famous Abby, . ^.
h. i\. They had no fooner plaid this prize ^ but fome of the Chiefs of
them-were advertifed thatvQueen Regent hadapurpofe of puttinc^ fome-
Fremh Forces into Stcfling^ the better to cut off all intercourfe and
mutual fuccours which thofe of the Congregation on each iide of the
i^'ry/^ might otlierwife have of one another. For the preventins of-
wmch milcnicf , the Earl of Jrgmle and. the Lord J^ames Steward were
difpatchcd away: Whofc coming fo inflamed the zeal of the furious
multitude, thatthey pulled down all the Monafteries which were in the
Town s deraolilhrd all the Altars , and defaced all the Images in the
Churches of it. The Abbey oic^mhuskenmtb , near adjoynin<T to it
was then ruins^d alfo: Which good fuccefs encouraged them to oq on
to Edmborough , that the like Reformation might be made in the capi-
tal City. Taking Linlithgom in their way, they committed the like
fpoyl there 3 as before at Sterling-^ but were prevented of the glory
which they chiefly aimed at in the Saccage o^Edenbjrough. Upon the
news of their approach , though their whole Train exceeded not three
hundred perfons , the Queen Regent with great fear retires to Dunbar •
and the Lord Seaten being then Pro veil: of the Town , ftaid not lone be-
hind. But he wasfcarcegone oucof the City , when ih.i Rafcal Rabble
fell on the Religious Houles , deftroyed the Coventsofthe Black a.nA
Gray-frjars, with all theochtr Monafteries about the Town, and fhared
among ft them all the goods which they found in thole Houfrs : In v/hich
they made fuch quick difpatch , that they had fiiiiflied that part of the
Reformation, before the two Lords and their attendants could come in
to help them.. ►
15. The Queen Regent neither a jle to endure thefeoutra^^es, norof
fufiicient power to prevent or punifli them , conceived it moft expedient
to allay thefe humours for the prefent by fome gentle Lenitive , that flic
might hope the better to extinguilh them in the time to come : which
when n>e had endeavoured, but with no effedt, (he caufed a Proclama-
tion to bepubliflied in the name of the King and Quetn • in which it
was declared , That jhe perceived a fcditious Ttirr^Ut to be rat fed by a p,irt of
the Lieges., rvho named thcmfelvesihe Congregation , and under pretence of
Religion had taken Arms •, That by the advice of the Lords of the Council , for
fatisfymg every mans Co»fcience , and pacifying the prefnt tro'ibles , Jhe had
made offer to call a Parliament in January thenfollowingifjut vomldiall it fooner
if they pleafed) for eflahlifliing an Urnvcrfal Order in Affairs of Relgion •, That
in the mean time every manjhouldbefitfferedio live at liberty , ufing their own
Confciences without trouble until further order •, That thofe who culled themf elves
of the Congregation , reje^in^ all reafonable offers , had maie itmanfejl by
their acliuns , that they did not fo much feek for fatisficJion inpoint of Religion,
as the fubverfion of the Crown. For proof whereof , fhe injlanced m femefecret
S z mtelligencs
13? ts^t l^tftoj^ Of ti^e ^je^bttctian?;. Lib. iv
wtelligence which they had i» England, fetzwgthe Iron of the Mim^ and Coyn-
ing Momy r that being one of the frimifd jewels of the Rcyd Diadem. In
which regard fie flraightly m^eth and commandeth all manner offcrfons {not be-
j/iZ Inhubitants of the City) to def art from Edtnborough within fx hours after
fuMtcation threof ^ and live obedient to her Authoriiy ^ except they mould be
hlden and reputed Traytors.
\6. This Proclamation they encountred with another , which they
publiflied in their own names for latisfacTiion of the people , fome of
which had begun to {brink from them at the noife of the former. And
therein they made known to all whom it may concern. That fuch crimes
aithey were charged with ■) never entered into their hearts -^ That they had no
other intention then to bamjh Idolatry , to advance true Heligien , and to defend
the Preachers of it ^ That they were ready to continue in all duty toward their
Sever aign^, ani.her Mother there Regent , provided they might have the free
exercife of their own Religion^ In reference to their medltng with the Irons of
the Mint, and the Coyning of Money , they juflifiedthemfelves , /it being moji
of them Comcellors born , and doing nothing in it but for the good of the people.
To which effcd they writ their Letters alfo to the Regent her felf,
whom they affuredin the clofe, that if. (he would make ufe of h(r
authority for the abolilhing of Idolatry and Superftitious abufts which
ac'reed nor with the Word of God , Hie lliould find them as obedient
as any Subjeds within the Realm. Which in plain truth was neither
more nor lefs then this , that if they might no: have their wills in the
point of Religion, fhe was to look for no obedience from them in other
matters: whereof they gave fufficient proof by their flaying in Eden-
borough^ her command to the contrary notwithftanding -, by predlng
more then ever for a toleration , and adding this over and above to
their former demands , that fuch French Forces as remained in Scotland
might be disbanded andfent back to their native Countrey. In the
firft of which demands they were fo unreafonable, that when the Qtieen
offerei them the exercife of their own Religion , upon condition that
when fhe had occafion to make ufe of any of their, Churches for her
own Devotions, fuch exercife might be fufpsnded , and the Mafs onely
ufed in that conjundlure 5 they would by no means yeildanto it : And
they refufed to yeild unto it for this Reafon only , becaufe it would be
in her power, by removing from one place unto another , to leave them
without any certain Exercife of their Religion, which in effe<ft was ut-
terly to overthrow it. And hereto they were pleafed to add, that, as
they could not hinder her from exercifing any Religion which (he had
a mind to (but this was more then they would ftand to in their better
Fortunes) fo could they not agree that the Minifters of Chrift (hould
befilenced upon any occafion, and much lefs, that the true Worfliip of
God Ihould give place to Idolatry. A point to which they flood fo
ftifly, that when the Queen Regent had refetled her Court atEdenbo-
rough fhe could neither prevail fo far upon theMagiftrates of that City,
as either to let her have the Church of St. Gyles to be appropriated only
to the ufe of the Mafs , or that the Mafs might be faid in it at fuch va-
cant times in which they made no ufe of it for themfelves or their
Minifters.
. 17. But in their other demands for fending the French Souldiers
out
Lib. IV. '^1i)t f$imv of tije i^^mttmm^. 133
out of ScotLnd^ they were not like to find any fuch compliance as had
been offered in the former. Henry the Third of France dyed abouc that
time, and left the Crown to i^r^ww the Second, Married not long be-
fore to the Queen oi Scots -^ the prefervation of whofe power and pre-
rogative Royal muft be his concernment. And he declared himfelf fo
fenlible of thofe indignities which had been lately put upon her, as to
proteft, that he would rather fpend the Crown of France^ then not be
revenged of the leditious Tumults raifed \v\ Scotland i m purfuance of
which rcfolutioa, he fends over a i='/<?;/T^ Captain, called 0(?4w'4», who
brought with him a whole Regiment of Souldiersj great fums of mo-
ny, and all provifions neceffary to maintain a War. Followed not long
after with four Companies more, which made up twenty Enfignscom-
pleat, together with four Ships of War, both to defend the Town of
Leith^ and command the Haven, Incouraged with whofe comint^, the
Queen Regent did not only fortifie that Town, but put a ftrong Gar-
rifon o{t\\t French \nio\x.; which gave anew grievance unto thofe of
the Congregation ; the Trade znd.'Yowwoi Edenhorough being like by
this means to be brought under her command, and to reft wholly in a
manner at her devotion. The breach made wider on the one fide by
the taking of the Fort of Boughty Cragg into the hands of thofe of the
Congregation'^ which was pretended to be done, for fear lefl otherwife
it might have been feizedonby the French -^-axid on the other fide, by
the coming of twothoufand /"re/jc^ Soiildiersout of France^ under pre-
tence of being a Convoy to the Bifhop of Amiens^ and fome other per-
fons, fent thither to difpute (asit was given oat) with the Scotijh Mi-
nifters. Which great acceflion of French Forces fo amazed the Lords
of the Congregation^ that they excited the whole Kingdom by a publick
Writing to arm againft them-, requiring all thofe which were, or defired
to be accounted for natural Scotch-men, to judge betwixt the Queen
and them, and not abftrad the juftand dutiful fupport from their Na-
tive Country info needful a time; affuring thein, that whofoever did
otherwife, fhould be eileemed betrayers of their Country to the power of
ftrangers.
18. And that the people might not cool in the midft of this heat,they
draw theit Forces together, and march toward Edenborough on the i8
ofo^oher-j upon the news whereof, the Queen Regent put her felf in-
to Leith as the fafer place, and leaves them Mailers of the City :
From whence they fend a Letter to her, requiring in a peremptory and
imperious manner, that the fortifications about Leith be forthwith
flighted, the Forts about the fame to be demolifhed, and all ffrange
Souldiers to be immediately removed : Which if (he not pleafed to do,
they mufl bethink themfelves of fome fuch other remedies as they
thought moft necelfary. But when their MefTenger returned unfatisfi-
ed, and that Lyon King at Arms was fent prefently after him; com-
manding them amongft other things to remove from Edenborough, they
then refolve for putting that in execution which had been lon^ before
in deliberation ; that is to fay, the depofing of the Queen Regent from
the publick Government. But firff, they muft confult with their
Ghoflly Fathers, that by their countenance and authority, they might
more certainly prevail upon all fuch perfons as feemed unfatisfied in"
the
134
m^t f iftoj^ of ttie pje?;l)ttcriatT0, Lib. iv
the point. WiHock and Knox are chofcn above all the reft ro relolve
this doubt, ifattheleaftanyofthem doubtci of it, which may well be
nueftloned'. They were bo.th Faitliors for Geneva^ and therefore both
obliged to advance her inrereft.. Wdlock declares chat albeit God had
appointed Magiftratcs only t^, be his Lieutenants on Earth, honouring,
them with his own title, and,£alling them Gods 5 yet did he never fo
eftablilh any, but that forjuft caules they might be deprived. Which
havin<» proved by fcmeExampksout of holy itiCripture, he thereupon
inferred, thatfince the Queen Regent had denyedherchi f Duty to
the Subjeds of this Realm, which was to preferve them from invafi-
on of Strangers, and to luflf^r the Word of God to be freely preached r
feein<7 alfo (h^ was a malntainer of fuperftitlon, and defpifed thecoun^
fel of the Nobility •, he did think they might juftly deprive h:r from all
Resiment and Authority over them. Knox goes to work more cauti-
oufly, but comes home at laft: For having hrft approved whatfoever
hadb'-enfaidby WUhck^ he adds this to it, That the iniquity of the
Queen Recent ought not to withdraw their hearts fr. m the obedience
due to thefr Soveraign 5 nor did hewifli that any fuch fentmce againii
her fliould be pronounced, but that when fliefliould change her courfei
and fubmit her felf to good counfels, there fliould be place, left umo hzt
of reerefs to the fame honours from which for juft caufe ihe ought to be
• 19. So faid the Oracle: and as the Oracle decreed, fo the fcntence
paffed t, for prefently upon this judgment in the cafe, a publick Inftru-
mentis drawn up, in which the moft part of the paffagesin the courfe
of her Government were cenfured as grievances and opprefTions on the
Sxxh)^^^^:)^ Scotland, to the violating of the Laws of the Land, the Li-
berty of theSubjeds, and theenflaving of them to the power and do-
mination of ftrangers. In which refptd, they declare her to be- fallen
from the publick Government j difcharge ;ill Officers and others from
veildinqany obedience to her^ fubfcribing this-inftrument with their
hands, ^requiring it to be publiflied in all the Head-Boroughs of the
Kin'^dom, and caufing it to be proclaimed with f»und of Trumpet.
Thu's they btgan with the Queen Regent-, but we fliall fee them end
with the Queen her felf, their anointed Soveraign. This Inftrument
bears dateon the 23 of October:, a memorable day for many notable .oc-
currences which have hapned on it in our Brittifli Stories. Of all thefe
ddinc'S, they advertifed her by exprefs Letters, fent back by the fame
Herald' who had brought her laft meffage to than ; and having fo done,
they rcfolve immediately to try their fortune upon Leith in the way of
Scalada. But the worft was, the Souldiers wofld rot fight without pre-
fent money,andmoney they had none to pay them on fo (hort a warning.
Somewhatwasraifedby way of Contribution, but would not fatisfie.
And thereupon it was advifed, that the Lords and other great men
fliould bring in their Plate, and caufe it to be prefently melted, to con-
tent the Souldiers. But they who had fo long made a gain of Godlinefs,
did not love Godlinefs fo well, as not to value and prefer their gain
before it. And therefore fome had fo contrived it, that the Irons of
the Mmt were miffing 5 and by that handfome fraud they preferved their
Plate;
20. It
Lib.iv. 'Sbije "S^imv of ti)z ^tz&httttian^.
20. It was not to be thought that thd Scdts dur'ft hav« been fo hdU
in the prelent bufinefs, if they had not been encouraged underhand
from fome Friends in England-, which the Queen Regent well obferved
and preft it on them in her Declaration, as before was noted. To which
particular, though the Confederates made no reply in their Aiiti-remon-
ftrance at that time , yet afterwards they both adknowled'^ed ttnd dt-
fended their intelligence with the Englifli Nation. For in a fubfeq uenl
Declaration, rhey acknowledge pUwly\ that many Meffages h^paftb7twixt
them:, and that thej had crav-ed [omc [iiffort from thence ; but that it w 04 onU
to maintain Religion, andft/pprefs idoLtyy. Atid they conceived that tn fo do-
ing , they had done nothing which might inake them juhjeet unto any juft cen-
furer, it being lawful for them , where their own power failed, tofeek aMance
from their Neighbours. And now or never was the time to make ufe of
fuchh'rfps, their Contribution falling (liort, and the Plate not coming
to the Mint , as had bem projeded. In which extremity it was adri-
fed to try fome fecret Friends at Barwick, efpecially Sir Ralph Sudtier an^
Sir ^ames Crofts •, by whofe encouragement it may be thought they had
gone fo far , that now there was no going back without maliifeft ruine.
By theaffiftanceofthefemen, they are furnilhed with four thoufand
Crowns in ready Money. But the Queen Regent had advertifement
of the negotiation, and intercepts it by the way. The news of this ill
fortune makes the Souldiersdeiperate •, fome of thera fccretly Heal a-
way, others refufe to venture up:>n any fervice ; fo that the Lords and
others of the chief Confederates are put upon a necelfity of forfakino-
Edenboroitgh. Tlie French immediately take poflfcffion of it, compel the
Minifters, and moftof thofe who proreft the Reformed Reli'aion to de-
fert their dwellings -, reftore the Mafs , and reconcile with many Cere-
monies the chief Church of the City (I mean that dedicated unto St.
Gyles) as having been prophaned by Heretical Preachings. But the a-
bandonning of Edenborough proved the ruine of Glafco. To which
Duke Hamilton repairing, hecaufeJ all the Images and Altars to be pul-
led down, andmadehimfelfMafterof theCaftlej out of which upon
the Hoife of the Bifliops coming with fome Bands of /•re^f)!,, he'with-
draws again, and quits the Town unto the Vidor. No way now left
to fave their perfons from the Law, their Eftates from forfeiture their
Countrey from the French, and their Religion from the Pope,but'tocaft
themfelves upon the favour of the Queen of Enghnd. A'ndto that
courfeasthe Lord ^^.tww did mod incline, and Knexmo^ft Preached'for
fo there might be fome probable Reafons which might aflfure them hlfwt
failing of »«*.their expedations.
21. No fooner was Queen Mary 0^ England dtz.A, but Mary the youno
Queen of Scots, not long before Married to the Daulphm of France , takes
on her felf the name and title of Queen aS. England-^ the Arras w'hereof
(he quarters upon all her Plate,, fome of her Coyn , and upon no fm'^Il
partofherHouniould-Furniture. Which though flie did not (as fliedid
afterwards alledgej of her own accord , but as flic was overruled in it
by the perfwafion of her Husband, and the Authority (which was not in^
her to difpute) of the King his Father -, yet Queen Elizabeth looked lipon
itasapublickoppofition toher own Pi'etenfions , an open difallowiht^
of her Titleto the Crown of this Realm. She had good reaCon to pre^
furaer'
15?
^^g '^t^moi'^fiimw^M^mm^. Lib. IV
fume that they by whofe Authority and Counfel flie was devefted of
hei Title, would leave no means untryed, nor no ftone unmoved, by the
toulin<^w hereof flie might be tumbled out of her Government, and
deprived alfo of her Kmgdom. Which jealoulie fo juftly fetled, re-
ceived no fmall increafe, from the putting over of lb many French^
diftributin^^ them intofo many Garrilbns, but more elptcially, by their
fortifying of the Town of Letth • at which Gate all the ftrengttis of
j'r4Wfcmi''ht enter when occafion ferved : And then how eafieapaf-
fafemi^'lu they have into fw^/Wc" divided only by fmall Rivers in
fome places, and in fome other places not divided at all. But that
which moft affured her of their ill intentions, was the great preparati-
ons' lately made by the Marquifsof Ell^eufone of the Brothers of the
Queen Recent, and confequently Uncle to the Qaeea o( Scots. For
though he was fodiltreifedby tempefts, that eighteen Enfignes v/ere
caft away on the Coafl: of HeUmd^ and the reft forced for the prefent
to return into France •, yet afterwards, with one thoufand Fout, and
fome remainders of his Hot fe, he recovered Zc/V^ and j jyntd himfelf
Unto the reft of that Nation, who were there difp^fcd of. Of all which
paflaoes and provocations, the Chief Confederates of the Congregati-
on were fo well informed, as might alfure them that Queen i7/;ij^^f/;
would be eafilv moved for her own fecurity to aid them in cxpel-
lino the French •, and then the preftrvatio.i of Religion, and the
fecuring of themfelvcs, their Eftates and Families, would come in of
courfe. . ,-, r r r 1 r
22. It was upon thisReafon ot State, and not tor any quarrel a-
f, bout Religion, that Queen Elizabeth put her felf into Arms, and lent
^^ °* the 5c<j/^J a helping hand to remove the French. And by the fame fhe
mi"ht have juftified her felf before all the World, if (lie had followed
thofe advantages which were given her by it, and feized into her 1 ands
fuch Caftlts, Towns, and other places of importance within that King-
dom asmic^ht give any opportunity to the French-Scots to infeft her
Territories. For when ore Prince pretends a Title to the Crown of
another or makes preparations more then ordinary both by Land and
Sea and draws them together to fome place-, from whence he may in-
vade the other whenfoever he pleafe •, the other party is not bound to iic
ftill till the War be brought to his own doors, but may lawfully keep
itata diftance, as far off as hecan, by carrying it into the Enemies
Country, and getting into his power all their flrong Pafses, Holds, and
other Fortrefses, by which he may be hindred from approaching near-
^ ^^t. But this can noway juftifie or txcufe the ^Vcr^, which are not to
be* reckoned for the lefs Rebels againft their own undoubted Sovcraign,
for being fubfervient in fo juft a War to the Queen of EngUnd •, as
neither the cddeans or the wild Ambinns could be defended In tiieir thie-
vino 0^ Nehuchadne!izar]\!i?C\^t<i\n his pride and Tyranny, been ufe it
pleafed Almighty God for tryal ol ^obs faith and patience to make
ufe of the one"^ and of the other, for chafliflng his pe^-ple T/rdc/. The
point beint^ ac^itated with mature deliberation by the Councel off»^-
Und itw^srefolvedthat the French were not to be fuffereJ to grow
ftron»fonear the Border •, that the Queen could not otherwife pro-
vide for her own fecurity, rhen by expelling them out o'i Scotlard •, and
that-
Lib. IV. C^efi(fo?tofti^e^&je0i)rte«4h>5. f^f
Aat'it was not to be cdrinpaiTed at a lefs expence of Bloud and TreafuVeX
then by making ufe of the Scots themfelves, who had fo earneftiy;
fupplicated for her aid and fuccours. Commiflijners are thereup'-^'-
on appointed to treat at Barrvick : Betwixt whom and the Agents
for the Lofds of the Congregation all ' things in reference to ; rhe
War are agreed upon : The fum and refult whereof was'this, ThsWh'e^'
Englilh with a puiflant Army entred mio Scotland^ reduced the whole'
War to the Siege o^ Lcith, and brought the French in Haorc time'
into fuch extremities, that they were forced in concludon to abandon
ScotUnd, and leave that Country wholly in a manner to the Con-
gregation,
23. Thefe were the groands, and this the iffue of thofe counfelsi'
which proved fo glorious and fuccesful unto Queen Elizabeth'm all the-
cimeof her long Reign: For by giving this feafonable Aid to thofe;' 6f
the Congregation in their greatelt need, and by feeding feme of the
Chiefs amongft them with fmall annual Penfions,lhe made her felf fo ab-'
folute,and of fuch Authority over all the Nation, that neither -the
Qiieen Regent, nor the Queen her felf, nor King ^ames her fon, nor a-
ny of their Predecefsors, were of equal power, nor had the like Com-
mand upon them. The Church was alfo for a while a great gainer by it^
the Scots had hitherto made ufe of the Engllfh Licurgie iii Gods publick'
Worfhip •, thephancy of extemporary Prayers not being then taken up
amongft them, as is affirmed by A'wx himfelf in his Scoctifh Hiftory.
But now upon the fcn'.e of fo great a benefit, and out of adcfireto* u--
nite the "Nations in the moft conftant bonds of frienddiip, they bind
themfelves by their fubfcription to adhere unto it : 'F6r which I have"
no worfe a Witnefs then their own Buchand)9. And that they might ap-
proach as near unto ic in the Form of Government a^s the prefeiit'
conditio!! oftlie times would bear, as they placed feveral Mmifters f ir'
their feveral Churches, (as Knox in Edcnborough^ Goodman at Saint An^
drews, Jer'iot at Aberdeoj^&c.) fo they ordained certain Superinten--
deiits fcr their Minifters •, all the Epifcopal Sees being at that time
filled with Popifh Prelates. And happy it had been for both, had'
they continued ftill in fo good a pofture •, and that the Presbyterim
•humour had not fo far obliterated all remembrance, of their old
affeftions, as in the end to profecute both the Licurgie and Epifcopaciif
toan extirmination. And there accrued' a' further benefit by it td
the Scots themfelves •, that is to fay, the confirmation of the Faith
which they fo contended for by A(5t of Parliament : for by difficulties of
Agreement between the Commiffioners authorized on all fides to attont
the diflPtrences, it was confented to by thofe for the Qneen o^Scots^ thac-
ihe Eftates of the Realm fliouldconveue and hold a Parlement in the
Augtifi following, and that thefaid Convention fhould be as lawfu'l in
all refpefts, as if it fhould be fummoned by the particular and ex-
pVefs command of the Kings themff Ives. According to which Arti-
cle they hold a Parkment, ani thetein pafs an AdV for the ratifi-
cation of the Faith and Dodlrine, as it was then drawn up into the
Form of a Confeffion by fome of their Minifters. But becaufe rhiscon-
feflion did receive a more plenary confirmation in the firft Parlement 06
King ^ames^ we ^all refer all further fpcech of it till we come to that,
T They
\^^ 'W^t l^iftojt of tt)c ^?t0l3¥tcrian0. Lib. iv
They alfo paffed therein other Ads to their great advantage •, firit for
aboliftiing the Popes Authority •, the ttccnd for repealing all former
Statutes which were made and maintained of that which they called
Idolatry •, and the third againft the faying or hearing of Mafs.
24. It'was conditioned in the Articles of the late agreement, that
the Queen of 5cor; (hould fend Commiffioners to their prefent Parlia-
menr that the refults thereof might have the force and effeil of Lawsj
but ihe intended not for her part to give their Ads the countenance of
Supreme Authority ; and the Chief- leading men of the Congregation
did not much regard it, as thinking themfelves in a capacity to manage
their own bufinefs without any fuch countenance : For though they
had addreffed themfelves to the King and Queen for confirmation of
(iich Ads as had paifedin this Parliament •, yec they declared that what
they did was rather to exprefs their obedience to them, then to beg
of thepi any ftrength to their Religion. They had already caft the
Rider and were refolved that neither King nor Queen fhould back
them for the time to come. The Queen Regent wearied and worn
out with fuch horrid infolencies, departed this life at Eder.borough on the
10. ©f ^une •, and none was nominated to fucceed with like Authority :
The Jrf«f^ Forces were imbarked on the 16 of ^w/y, except fome ftw
which were permitted to remain in the Caftle ofDw/^^^r, and the Ifle
of Inchkeeth •, fo few, that they feemed rather to be left for keeping pof-
feflionof the Kingdom in the name of the Queen, then either to a\Ve
the Country, or command obedience. And that they inight be free
from the like fears for the times enfuing, Frmcis the Second dyeth
on the fifth of December^ leaving the Queen of Sects a defolate and
friendlefs Widdovv,alfiftedonly by her Uncles of the Houfe of Gw/f,
•who though they were able to do much in France^ could do little out
of it. This put the Scots (I mean the leading Scots of the Gengregation)
into fuch a ftomack, that they refolved to fteer their courfe by another
compafs, and not to Sail onely by fuch Winds as (hould blow from
Endand. They knew full well that the breach between the two
Queens was not reconcileable, and that their c^^n Queen would be a^
ways kept fo low by the power of England^ that they might trample
on her as they pleafed, now they had her under. And though at firft
they had imbraced the Common- prayer- Book of the Church of £»^-
Und and afterwards confirmed the afe of it by a folemn Subfcriptioni
yet when they found themfelves delivered from all fear of the French
by the death of their King, and the breach growing in that Kingdome
upon that occafion •, they then began to tack about, and to difcover
their affedions tothe Cnurchof Geneva.- Knex had before devifcd a
new Book of DifcipUne, contrived for the moft part after Cahins plat-
form and a new Form of Common-prayer was digefted alfo,more con-
fonant to his infallible judgement then the Englilb Liturgie. But hither-
to they had both lain dormant, becaufe they ftood in need of fuch help
from Emland-, as could not be prefumed on with fo great a confidcnce,if
they had openly declared any difTent or difaffedion to the publick Forms
which were eftablifiied in that Church. Now their eftate is fo muchbec-
teredby the death of the King, the fad condition of their Queen, and the
aflurances which they had from the Court of England (from whence
the
lhj.iv. -siJije "^i^oiv of ti^e ^it&\)ttzvianfi. ^ 13^
the Earls o^ Morton and Gkncarnc were returned with comfort) that
they refolve to perfed what they \\zA begun 5 to profecute the defolati-
OQ of Religious Houfes, and the fpoyl of Churches j to introduce their
new Forms, and fufpend the old. For compaffing of which end they
fummoned a Convention of the Elktes to be he-id in January,
^ 2^5 . Now in this Book of Difcipline they taiie upon them to inno-
vate in moft things formerly obferved and pradifed in the Church of
Chrift, and in fome things which themfelvcs had fetled, as the ground-
work of the Reformation. They take upon them todifcharge theac-
cuftomed Fafts, and abrogate all the ancient Feftivals, not fparin''
thofe which did relate particularly unto Chrifl our Saviour, as hisNa^
tivity, Paffion, Refurrei^ion, &c. They condemned the ufe of the Crofs
in Baptitm, give way to theintrodudlion of the New Order oi Geneva.,
for miniflring the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, and commend
fitting for the moft proper and convenient gefture to be ufed at ir.
They require that all Churches not being Parochial fliould be forth-
with demoliflied, declare all Forms of Gods publick Worfhip, which
are not prefcribed in his Word, robe mere Idolatry, and that none
ought to adminifter the holy Sacrament-, but fuchas are qualified for
Preaching. They appoint the Catechifm of Geneva, to be taught in their
Schools, Ordained three Univeriities to be made and continued in that
Kingdom, with Salaries proportioned to the Profefsors in all arts and
Sciences, and time affigned for being graduated in the fame. They
decree alfo in the fame, that Tythesfhould be no longer paid to the
Rcm.p Clergy, but that they (hall be taken up by Deacons and Trea- .
furers, by them to be imployed for maintainancc of the poor, the Mi-
nifters, and tlie faid Univerfities. They complained very fenfibly of the
Tyranny of Lay-Patrons and Impropriators inexading their Tythes,in
which they are faid to be more cruel and unmerciful then the Popidi
Priefts •, and therefore take upon them to determine as in point of law
what commodities fhall be Tythable, what not; and declare alfo that all
Leafesand Alitnations,which formerly had been made of Tythes,(liould
be utterly void.
2 6. Touching the Miniftration of the Word and Sacraments, and the
performance of other Divine Offices, it is therein ordered, That Com-
mon prayers (by which they mean the new Form of their own devifing)
be faid every day in the greater Towns, except it be upon the days of
publick Preaching 5 but then to be forborn, that the Preachers own
Prayer before and after Sermon may not be defpifed or difrefpeded :
That Baptifm be Adminiftred only upon the Sundays, and other days
of publick Preaching, for the better beating down of that grofs Opini-.
on of the Papifts (fo they pleas'd to call it) concerning the neceffity of
it : That the firft Sundays of March^ Jtme^ September and Decemkr, Ihould
be from thenceforth fet apart for the holy Communion, the better to
avoid the fuperftitious receiving of it at the Feaft of Eafier : Thar
allperfons exercife themfelves in finging Pfilms, to the end they may
the better perform that fervice in the Congregation : That no finging
of Ffaims^ no reading of Scriptures fliould be ufed at burials : That
no Funeral-Sermon lliallbe preached, by which any difference may be
made between the rich and the poor*, and that no dead body for the
T 2 fame
140 Cl^el^iftojtoftl^e^je^tttemnji. Lib. iv
fame caufe fliall be buried in Churches : That Prophefyings and in-
terpreting of the holy Scriptures fliall be ufed at certain times and pla- -
cesj according to the cultom of the Church oi Corinth: That in e-
very Church there fliall be one Bell to call the People together, one
Pulpit for the Word, and a Bafon for Baprifm : And that the Mi-
nifter may the better attend thefe Duties, it is ordered that he fliall
not haunt the Court, nor be of the Council, nor bear charge in any
Civil Affairs, except it be to aflifl: the Parliament when the fame is
called.
, 27. Concerning Ecclefiaftical perfons , their Funftion, Calling,'
Maintainance and Authority, it was ordered in the faid Book of Dif-
cipline. That Minifters fliall from thenceforth be eleded by the Con-
gregation where they are to preach : that having made tryal of their
Gifts, and being approved of by the Church where rhey are to preach,
they fliall be admitted to their charge, but without any impofition of
hands as in other Churches: That fome convenient penfion be aflign-
edtoeveryMinifter for the term of life (except he defer ve to be depri-
ved) with fome provifion to be made after his deceafe for his Wife and
Children: That the bounds of the former Diocefles being contradled
or enlarged, there fliall be tenor twelve Superintendents appointed in
the place of the former Bifliops, who are to have the vification of all the
Minifters and Churches in their feveral bounds, to fix their dwellings in
the chief Towns or Cities within the fame, and to be chofen by the Bur-
oeffes of the faid Towns or Cities, together with the fuffrages of the
Minifters of their feveral Circuits-, and more particularly, that the
County or Vxovince of LotkaJKC fliall be abftraded from the Diocefs
of St. Andrews^ and have a Superintendent of its own, who was to keep
his Refidence in the City of Bderiborongh (which afterwards in the year
1633 was ereded by King Charles into a Bifliops See, and Lothaine af-
figned him for his Diocefs, as was here devifed : ) That for the better
maintainance of the Miniftiers and Superintendents, as alfo for defray-
ing of all other publick charges which concerned the Churches, the
lands belonging unto the Bifliops, as alfo to all Cathedral and Conven-
tual Churches, and to the Houfe of Monks and Fryars, fliall be fet a-
part,not otherwifeto be imployed : That in all Churches there be two
Elders annually chofen to be affociate with the Minifters in the Cogni-
zance of all Ecclefiaftical Caufes, and in the Cenfures of the Church :
That the faid Elders fliall have power riot only to admonifli, but corredl
their Minifters, if occafion be •, but not to proceed to deprivation with-
out the allowance and confent of the Superintendent ^ and that the
Deacons fliall be joyned as Alfiftants in judgement with the Elders and
Minifters: That no man prcfume to eat or drink, or otherwife to converfe
familiarly with excommunicate perfons, except thofe of his own Fami-
ly only : That their Children fliouldnotbe Baptjfed till they came un-
to the years of difcretion : And that allVurthercrs, and other Malefa-
dors punifliable by death according to the Laws of the Land, though
they be pardoned for the fame by the fupreme Magiftrates, fliall not-
withftanding be efteemed as excommunicate perfons, and not received
into the Church without fuch fatisfadion and fubmiflion as is requi-
red of other notorious offenders by the Rules of the Discipline. It ap-
pears
Lib.iv. Clje l^iftoj^ of t\)z ^^z^htmiam. 141
pears alfo by this book, that there was one /landing Supreme Council
for ordering the affairs of the Church,and by which all publick grievan-
ces were to be reJrefled -, but of what perfons it confifted, and in what
place it was held, is not mentioned in it.
28. This Book being tendered to the confideratlon of the Conven-
tion of Eftates, was by them rcjeded •, whether it were becaufe they
could not makefucha manifcft feperarion from the Polity of the Church
of £«^/4;?^, orthat it concerned them more particularly in their own
proper intereft, in regard of the Church-lands and Tythes which they
had amongft them, or perhaps for both. Certain it is, that fome of them
part it over by no better Title t'len that of [ouM; ^ie'vout imagifiations^which
could not be reduced to pradice. This fo offended Knox and others,
who ha^ drawn it up (if any other but K/? ox only had a hand therein)
that they fp^r^d not bitterly to revile them for their coldnefs in it,
taxing them for their carnal liberty, their love unto their worldly
Commodities, and their corrupt imaginations .-Some of them are affir-
med to have been licentious 5 fome greedily to have griped the pof-
feflionsof the Church, and otiiers to be fo intent upon the getting of
Chrifts Coat, that they would not ftay till he was crucified. Of the
Lord Erskin who refufed to fubfcribe to the Book, it is faid particu-
larly, th.-it he had a very ill woman to his Wife-, and that if the Schools,
the poor, and the Minlftry of the Church had their own, his Kitchin
would have lacked two parts of that which he then pofleffed. Of all
of them it was admire J, that for fuch a bug continuance they could
hear the threatnings of God againft Thieves and Robbers, and that
knowing themfclves to beguiky of thole things which were moft re-
buked, they fliould never have any remorfe of Confcience, nor intend
the reftoring of thofe things which they had fo ftolcn. For fo it was (if
they may be believed that faid it) that none in all the Realm were more
unmerciful to the poor Minifters, then they that had invaded and pof-
feffed themfelves ot the greateft Rents of right belonging unto the
Church, and therein verified, as well the old Proverb, That the Belly
hath no ears dt all^ as a new obfervation of their own devifing, That no-
thing mtildfnffice a wretch. Such were the difcontents and evaporations
ofthefe zealous men, when they were croffed in any thing which con-
cerned them in their power or profit.
29. But in anuther of their projecfts they had better Fortune. They
had foUicited the Convention of Eftates for demolifliing of all Monu-
ments of Superfticion and Idolatry, in which number they accounted
all Cathedral Churches aswell as Monafteries and other Rclicjious.
Houfes •, which they infifted on therather,becaufe it was perceived, and
perhaps given out, that the Papifts would again ered: their old Idolatry
and take upon them a command (as before they did) upon the Confcien-
ces of the people, that fo aswell the great men of the Realm, as fuch
whom God of his Mtrcy(fo they tell us) had fubjeded to them,lhould
be compelled to obey their lawlefs appetites. In this, fome hopes were
given them that they fliould be fatisfied, but nothing done in execution
of the fame, till the May next following : And poffibly enough it
might have been delayed to a longer time, if the noife and expedation of
the
i4»
Cl^e K^tfto?^ of tis^t ^imtttxim^. Lib. iv.
the Queens return had not fpurred it on : For either fearing, or not
knowing what might happen to them, ifflieOiould intcrpofe her power
to preferve thofe places, whofe demoUlliing they fo much dtnred • they
introduce that Difcipline by little and little, which tiiey could not fettle
all at once. They begin firft planting Churches , and nominating Su-
perintendents for their feveral Circuits ^ they fuperinduce their own"
Minifters over the heads of the old Incumbents •, eftablirti their Presby-
teries divide them into feveral Claffes , and hold their general AfTem-
blies without any leave defircd of the Queen or Council. They pro-
ceed next to execute all forts of Ecclefialtical Cenfures , and arrogate
Authority to their felves and their Elders to Excommunicate all fuch
as they found unconformable to their new devices. For the firft tryal
of their power , they convened ont SMdafon , who had been accufed to"
them for Adultery , whom they condemned to be carted, and publickly
expofed unto the fcorn of Boys and children. An uproar had been made
xnEdenhorough about the chufing of a Robbmhood (or a Whit [on- Lord) in
which fome few of the precifer fort oppofed all the reft; and for this
crime they excommunicate the whole multitude •, wherein they fliewed
themfelves to be very unskilful in the Canon-law, in whichthey might
have found, that neither the Supreme Magiftrate, nor any great multi-
tudes of people are to be fubjtd: to that Cenfure. They proceed after-
wards to the appointing of foltmn Fafts , and make choice of Sunday
for the day-, which fmce that time hath been made ufe of for thofe
Fafts, more then any other : and in this point they fhewed themfelves di-
redlv contrary tothepraftice of the Primitive Church, in which it was
accounted a great impiety to keep any Faft upon that day, either pri-
vate or publick. They Interdidthe Biftiops from exercifing any Ec-
clefiaftical Jurifdiftion in their feveral Diocefts •, and openly quarrel
■with their Queen, for giving a Commiilion to the Archbiftiop of Saint
Andrews to perform fome Ads which feemed to them to favour of the
Bpifcopal pow.r. Having attained unto this height , they maintain an
open correfpondence with fome Forein Churches , give audience to the
Agents o^Bcrne^ Bafd and Getfeva ^ from whom they received the fum of
their Confelfions,and{ignified their confent with them in all particulars,
except Fcftivals only, which they had univerfally abolifhed throughout
the Kingdom •, and finally, they take upon them to write un:o the Bi-
{hopsofjSw^/'tW, whom they admoniflied not to vex or fufp:nd their
Brethren for not conforming to the Rules of the Church , efpecially in
' refufin^^ the Cap and Surplice , which they tall frequently by the name
o^ trifles^ I'e.'.n trifles^ and the old Badges of Idolatry. All w hich they did,
and more , in purfuit of their Difcipline , though never authorized by
Law or ct'nfirmed by the Queen , nor juftified by the Convention of
Eftates, though it confifted forthemoft part of their own Profeffors.
A Petition is directed to the Lords of fecret Council from the Apmhlies
of the church, in which their Lordftilps are follicited to difpatch the bu-
fmefs. But not content with that whichthey had formt-rly moved, it
was demanded alfothat fome feverecourfe might be taken againft the
Sayers and Hearers of Mafs •, that fit provifion fliould be made for their
Superintendents, Preachers, and other Minifters ^ and that they (hould
not be compellable to pay their Tythes as formerly to thePopifti Clergy,
with
Uh. IV. Cpl^iftojt Of i^z ^ie0b^itertatT0, ,^l
with other particulars of that nature. And that they mighc not fr?lfe'
in it as they had done hitherto , the Petition carriedin itmore threats
and menacesjthen words of humble fupplication ais becaine Petitioners!
For therein it faid expfefly, That before thofe Tyrants and dumb Do<»s
fhould have Empire over them , and over fuch as God had fubiea?d
unto them, they were fullydetermined to hazard both life, andwhaffo-
ever they had received of Godin Temporal things -, that therefore they
befought their Lordfhips to take fuch order, that the Petitioners (rt
they may be called fo) might have no occaiion to take the Sword t)f juft
defence into their hands, which they had fo willingly refi^ned after the
Vidiory obtained , into thofe of their Lordfhips - that fo doing, theii
Lordfliips fhjuld perceive they would not only be obedient unto them iti
all things lawful,but ready at all times to bring all fuch under their obei
dience,as fliould at any time rebel againft their Authority 5 and finally
that thofe enemies of God might affure themfelves , that they would nd
longer fuffer Pride and Idolatry 5 and that if their Lordfhips would noi
takefome in the premifes,they would then proceed againft them of their
own Authority after fuch a manner , that they (hould neither do what
they lift, nor live upon the fweat of the brows of fuch as were in no fort
debtors to them.
31. On the receipt of this Petition,an Order prefently is rfiade by the
Lords of the Councillor granting all which was defired •, and had mbre
been defired, they had granted more : fo formidable were the Brethreu
grown to the oppofite party. Nor was it granted in words only which
took no effcd, but execution caufed to be done upon it , and warrants
to that purpofe iftued to the Earls of Arrane^ Arguile, and GlaHCarne the
Lord ^.tmes Stervurd, &c. Whereupon followed a pitiful devaftation of
Churches and Church- buildings in all parts of the Realm • no difference
made , but all Religious Edifices of what fort foever, were either terri-
bly defaced, or utterly ruinated ^ the holy Veffels, and whatfoevec elfe
could be turned into money, as Lead, Bells, Timber, Ghk^&c, wa§ t)u'-
bllckly expofed to fale ; the very Sepulchres of the dead not fpared • the
Resiftersofthe Churchjand the Libraries thereunto belonoina^defacedi
anjthrown into the fire. Whatfoever had efcaped the former tumults
is now made fubjed to deftrudion 5 fo much the worfe,becaufe the vio-
lence and facrilegious adings of thefe Church-robbers had now the
countenance of Law. And to this work of fpoyl and rapine,meri of ?-H
Ranks and Orders wereobferved to put their helpinf' hands •, men of
moft Note and quality being forward in it, in hope ofgettitlcr to them- -
felvesthe moft part of the booty •, thofe of the poorer fort, in hope of
being gratified for thtir pains therein by their Lords and Patrons. Both
forts encouraged to it by the Zealous madnefs of fome of their feditlou;
Preachers, who frequently cryed out , that the places where Idols had
been worlhipped, ought by the Law of God to be deftroyed , that the fpa-
ring of them was the referving of things execrable 5 and that the corti*
mandment given to ifrad for deftroyin| the places where the Canamtes
did worfhip their falte Gods , was a juft warrant to the people for doinc^
the like. By which encouragements, the madnefs of the peopk vvas
tranfporced beyond the bounds which they had firft prefcribed unto lU
In the beginning of the heats, they defigned only thedeftruftion of Reti-
gious
144
Ci^e ^i^m of t^e pxt^W^im$* Lib. iv.
sious Houfes, for fear the; Monks and Friars might otherwife b*
reftored in time to their former, dwellings : Bur they proceeded to
the demolifliiag of Cathedral ChurcheSj, and ended in the ruine of
Parochial alfo ^ the Chancels whereof were fure to be levelled in
ail places, though the Ii]qs,ja^i>d Bodies of them might be fpared in
fome. tr>r'oi '
" .3^j Such was the entertainment which the 5f<?/j prepared for their
Queens coming over. Who taking no delight in France.^ where eve-
ry thln^ renewed the memory of her great lofs, was eafily intreated to
return to her native Kingdom, Her coming much defired by thofe of
tine Popifli party, in hope thcitby her power and prefence they might be
fii&red at the leaft to enjoy the private Exercife of ih;;ir Religion, if
iiotapublick a^pprobation and allowance of ir. SoUicltedas tarnefl-
ly by thofeof the A»(?Ar/rf«intere{t, upon a confidence that they Ikould
be better able to deal with her when flie was in their pojyer, alTilled only
by the Counfels of a broken Clergy then if llie Should remain jn-
Irance^ from whence by her Alliancesand powerful Kindred (lie might
create more mifchief to them then fhe could at home. On t e ip day
of >^»f«/fhe arrives in ScotU/id, accompanied by her Uncles the Duke
of Jumales^ the Marquefs of Elbmf^ and the Lord grand Pfior , . witK
other Noble- men of France,. > The time of her arrival- was oblcured
Svith fuch Fogs and Mifis, that the Sun was not feen to (liint in t\vo days
before, nor in two days after. Which though it made her paflage fafe
from the Ships of jE/?^/W, which, were defigned to intercept her, yet
was it, looked upon by moft men as a fad prelage of thofe uncomforta-.
tie times wiuchflie found amongft them. - Againft Sunday, being t|ie
J4, there wfre great preptrations made for celebrating Mafs in the
'Chapel-Royal of Holyrood-liouic. At which the Brethren of the
iTpngre^ation were.fo highly offended, tliat fomeof ^hem .cryed oux
.^Ipiid, fo as all might hear them. That the I^oLirom Prhfisjhoulddycth.e
^Sjth aceordingto Gods Larv 5 others affirming withlefs noife,but with no
lefs conhdence, T)!?<i^/^^ could ^ot abide, that the Land which Godbyhis
pewhhad pitfg(d of Idolatry^ Jhatdd tfi their JJght. be polluted wi:fh the fame, ^|
gain. And queftionlefsfome great mifchief mull have followtd on it,
if tTie Lord^i^-w^f^^/^/irKto preferve the honour of his Nation iq^the
!?ye of the French) had not' kept the door : which he did, under a pre-
tence thar none of the 5«///7j Nation iliouldbe prefent at the hearing
X)f Mafs? contrary to the Laws and Statutes made in that behalf',;
but in plain truth, to hinder them by the power and reputation whicj(?
Ke.had amongft them, from thronging in tumulcuoufly to difturb tli,?
Wwefs." . .^.^;■^■ivrl.■:ri'i!b^c:k , ^jj-d
v^-^lh^^*^ rVmedy whereof rorthe time focome, an Order was iflued
tije pext day by the Lords of the Council, and Authorized by the Queen
ip, vylHcl),it/\Vas^eclared, that nomauiier pfperfon rhguld privately
oxo.penlyltajki'ip; hand to alter or innovate , any thing in the State, of
j^elioiQti wHieh' cf^e Queen found publickly and univerfally received at
]3£r.Ma)efti€ii,?fn^'ajin that R or.atteiiipc anything againft the
ui(rie,uponparn\6f (death. But then itwiis,"required withal, "that none
dFt,he..Leiges,'takein hand to trpuble'br molefl any of her Majefties
ligi^^ftick ^ervaats, or flfvyipi^lier gerfqi^s^\vhich_had ^cccmpajni^d hqi
t
out
Lib. IV. Cl)e l$iftQit of tl^e ia>?e?;ij^tenan0.
t4J-
out of /"r^w^ at the time then prefent, for any caufe vvhatfoever in
• word , deed , or countenance 5 and that upon the pain of deaths as the
other was. But notwithftanding the equality of fo jufl an Order the
Earl of Anam in the name of the reft of the Congregation profefsed
openly on the lame day at theCrofs in- Edenhomigh ^ That no protection
jhould he given to the ^eens Domefiicks^ or to any other per fon that came out of
YtTLncc^etther to vioLite the Laws of the Realm, er offend Gods Majefiymore then
was given to any other fuhjeBs. And this he did, as he there affirmed be-
caule Gods Law had pronounced death to the Idolater , and the Laws of
the Realm had appointed puniiljment tor the fayers and hearers of Mafs-
from which he would have none exempted, till lome Law were publick-
ly made in Parliament, and fuch as was agreeable to the Word of God'
to aniiul the former. The like diftemper Jiad pofse/t all the reft of the
Lords at their firft coming to the Town to attend her Majefty to conora-
tulate her fave arrival ; but they cooled all of them by de<yrees wlien
they confidered the unreafonablenefs of the Proteftation, in^denyino'that
liberty of confcience to their Soverain Queen, which every one of^hem
fo much defired to enjoy for himx'elf : only tlie Earl Jrrane held it out to
thelaft. He had before given'himfelffome hopes of marryinc^ the Queen
and fent her a rich Ring immediately on the death of theKu)<jher Hus-
band ', but finding no return agreeable to his expeftation , he fuffered
himfclf tobeas much tranfported to the other extreme, according to the
natural Genius of the i';-a^yfm4«^, who never yet knew any mean in
their loves or hatred,
34. ^ohn Knox makes good the Pulpit in the chief Church at Eden^
horofgh on the Sunday following, in which he bitterly invelohed asainft
Idolatry , (liewing what Plagues and Punifhmcnts God hadlnflifted for
the fame upon fcveral Nations. And then he adds, that one Mafs was
more fearful to him , then if t.n thoufand armed Enemies were landed
in any part of the Realm on purpole to fupprefs their whole Reliaion -
that in God there was ftrength to refift and confound whole multitudes'
if unfeigi-eJly they depended on him , of which they had fuch ^ool
experience in their former troubles ^ but that if they joyned hands with
Idolatry , they fliould be deprived of the comfortable prefence and afli-
ftance of Almighty God. A Conference hereupon enfued betwixt
him and the Queen , at the hearing whereof there was none prefent but
the Lord ^ames Steward , befides two Gentlemen which ftood at the end
of the Room. In the beginning whereof, flie charged him with rai-
fing Sedition in that Kingdom , putting her own Subjeds into Arm? a-
gainft her , writing a Boukagainft the Regiment of Women •, and in
the end, defcended to fome points of Religion. To all which KnoxiQ-
turned fuch anfwers , or«elfe fo favourably reports them to his own ad-
vantage (for we muft take the whole ftcry as it comes from his pen) that '
he is made to go away with as eafie a vidory, as when the Knight of the
Boot encounters with fome Dwarf or Pigmy in the old EomaKca.\\\xhat
the Queen got by it from the mouth of this Adverlary,was,rhat he found
in her a proud mind, acrjftyrvit, and an obdurate heart againfl God and his
Truth. And in this Charader he thought himfelf confirmed by her fol-
lowing adions: Forfpending the reft of the Summer in vifitingfomeof
the chief Towns of her Kingdom, Ihe carried the Mafs wirh her into all
V places
1^6 C^e l^iCojt t)C tl^e |^?es;t3ttc«(an0» Lib. iv,
places wherefoever ftie came ^ and at her coming back, gave order for
fcttin«^ out the Mafs with more folemnity on Alhaliows day , then at any
time or place before. Of this the Minifters complain to fuch of the No-
bility as were then Refident in the City, but find not fuch an eagernefs
in them as in former times. For now Ibme of thtm make a doubt whe-
ther the Suhje^s might ufe force for [itpfrejjing the Idolatry of their Prince 5
which heretofore had paffed in the affirmative as a truth infallible. A
Conference is thereupon appointed between fome of the Lords,and fuch"
of the Minifters as appeared moft Zealous againft the Mafs 5 the Lords
difputing for the Queen, and urging that it was not lawful to deprive her
of that in which flie placed fo great a part of her Religion. The contrary
•was maintained by Knox , and the reft of the Minifters •, who feeing
that they could not carry it, as before, by their own Authority , defired.
that the deciding of the point might be referred to the Godly Brethren of
Geneva •, of whofe concurring in opinion with them , they were well af-
fured. And though the drawing up of the point, and the Indicing of the
Letter, being committed unto Ledington the principal Secretary, was not
difpatched with fuch poft hafte as their Zeal required 5 yet they lliewed
plainly by infifting on that propofition , both from whofe mouth they
had received the Dodrines of making Soveraiga Princes fubjecl to the
luftsof the people, and from whofe hands they did exped the defence
thereof.
35. A general Afsembly being indicted by them about that lime, or
not long after, a queftion is made by fome of the Court- Lords, whether
fuch Afsemblies might be holden by them without the Queens notice
and confent. To which it was anfwered, that the Afscmbly neither
was nor could be held without her notice , becaufe (he underftood that
there was a Reformed Church within the Realm,by the Orders where-
of they had appointed times for their publick Conventions. But as to
her allowance of it, it was then objeded , that if the Liberty of the
Church fliould ftand upon the Queens allowance or difallowance , they
were afsured that they fliould not onely want Afsemblies , but the
Preaching of the Word it felf •, for if the freedom of Afsemblies was
taken away, the Gofpel in effed muft be alfo fupprefsed,which could not
long fubfift without them. The putting in of the demurrer concerning
the Authority in calling and holding their Afsemblies , prompted them
to prefent the Book of Difcipllne to her Majefties view , andtofolli-
citeher by all the Friends and meansthey could for her Royal- Afsent:
But finding no hopeof compafling their defires for that Book in gene-
ral, it was thought beft to try their Fortune in the purfuit of fome par-
ticulars contained in it. And to that end it was propounded j;*^ the
Lords of the Council, that Idolatry might be fupprefsed, the Churches
planted with true Minifters , and that certain provifion lliould be made
for them according to equity and good confcience. The Minifters till
that time had lived for the moft part upon fuch Benevolences as were
raifed for them on the people ; the Patrimony of the Church being
feized into the hands of private perfons, and alienated in long Leafes
by the Popifli Clergy. The Revenue of theCrownvvasfmall when it was
at the beft, exceedingly impaired fince the death of King 5P-«»<« the
Fifthj andnot fufficient to defray the necefsary charge and expence of
the
147
Lib.iv. clje l^ifto^^ of tl^e ^^z0btixmm.
the Court. Tofatisfie all parties it was ordered by the Lords of the
Council , that the third part of all the Rents of Ecciefiaftical Benefices
lliould be taken up for the ufe of the Queen •, that the other two parts
iliould remain to the Clergy,or to fuch as held them in their Rigl»t-, and
that the Queen, out of the part afllgned to her, fliould maintain the Mi-
nifters. This Order bears date at Edenhorough^December 20, but ^ave no
fatisfadion to the Minifters or their Sollicitors , who challenged the
whole Patrimony,by the Rules of the DifciplinejOr belong only to them-
felves. Knex amongft others fo difliked it , that he affirmed openly in
the Pulpit oi Edenboroiigh , That the Spirit of God was not the Author of that
Order ^ hy which two farts ef the Church Rents were given to the Devil and the
third part was to be divided between God and the Devil : adding withall that
in fhort time the Devil would have three farts efthe third ^ and that a fourth
part only (liould be left to God.
36. But notwithftanding thefe feditions and uncharitable furmifes of
their hot-headed Preachers , a Commilfion is granted by the Queen
to certain of her Officers, and other perfons of Quality , not only to re-
ceive the faid third part, but out of it to aflign fuch yearly ftipends to
their Minifters as to them feemed meet. They wtre all fuch as did
profefs the Reformed Religion , and therefore could not but be thought
to be well affeiSed to the Minifters maintainance -, to fome of which
they allowed one hundred Marks by the year , unto fome three hun-
dred ; infomuch, that it was faid by Ledington principal Secretary of
Eftate , that when the Minifters we^paid che Stipends affic^ned unto
them , the reft would hardly find the Queen a new pair of Shooes. But
on the other fide the Minifters vehemently exclaimed a^ainft thefe
affignmentsj and openly profeft it to be very unreafonable ^ that fuch
dumb Dogs and Idle-bellies as the Popilli Clergy iliould have a thou-
fand Marks fcr annum-^ and that themfelves (good men) who fpent
their whole time in Preaching the Gofpel , (hould be put off with
two or three hundred. They railed with no lefs bitternefs at^ainft
the Laird of Pittarow , who was appointed by the Queen for their pay-.
Matter General • and ufed to fay in common Speech , that the crood
Laird of Pittarow , Comptroller of her Majefties Houfhold , was a Zea-
lous Profeflor of Jefus Chrift •, but that the Pay-Mafter or Comptrol-
ler would fall to the Devil. And for the Queen, fo far chey were from
acknowledging the receipt of any favour from her, in the true payment
oftheir Stipends , that they difpu ted openly againft that Title which
(he pretended to the thirds, out of which flie paid them. By fome
it was affirmed , that no fuch part had appertained to any of her Pre-
deceflbrs in a thoufand years ; by others, that ilie had no better Title
thereunto (whether ftie kept them to her felf , or divided them amongft
her Servants) then had the Souldiers by whom Chrift was crucified to
divide his Garments.
37. Ithapnednot long after thefe debates , that upon the receiving i55z.'
of fome good news from her Friends in France , the Queen appeared to
be very merry, betook her felf to dancing, and continued in that recrea-
tion till after midnight. The news whereof being brought 10 Knox,
who had his Spies upon her at all times to obferve her aftions •, the Pul-
pit muft needs ring of it,or elfe all was marred. He chufeth for his Text
V 2 thefe
j^§ Ci^e l^tfto^r of t^e ^?e0D^tman0, Lib. i v-
thefe words of the fecond Pfalm, -viz. And mw underfiand Ojc Kings^ d-nd
ht learned ye that judge the Eanh. Difcourfing on which Text, he began
to tax the ignorance, the vanity, and the delpight of Princes againft all
Vertue,and againft all thofe in whom hatred of Vice and love of Verme
appeared. Report is made unto the Queen, and this report begets a fe-
cond Conference betwixt her and Knox , in which (he muft come off -
with as little credit as (lie did in the firft. Knox tells her in plain terms',
that it is oftentimes the juft recompcnce that God gives the ftubborn of
the World, that becuuic they will not hear God fpeaking tothe com-^ ♦
fort of the Penitent , and for the amendment of the wicked , they are ' ,
oft compelled to hear the falfe reports of others to their great difpl- a-
Cure. To which immediately he fubjoyned, that it could not chufe but
come to the Ears of Herod-, that our Saviour Jefus Chrifthad called
him Fox ■ but that the men who told him of it , did not alfo tell him
what an odious ad he had committed before God, in caufing ^ohnihe
Bawfi to be Beheaded , to recompence .the Dancing of an Harlots
Daughttr. The Queen defired (after much other talk between them)
that if he heard any thing ot her which diftafted him , he would repair
tp-her in private, and (lie would willingly hear what hehad to I'ay. To
.which he anfwered with as little reverence and modefty as to all the reft,
that he was appointed by God to rebuke the vices and iir.f- oFall , but
BOt to oo to every one in particular to make known their offences •, that
if (lie pleafed to frequent the publick Sermons, flie might then know
^w hat he liked or diiliked , as well in her (elf as any others ; but that to
waitat her Chamber-door , orelftwhere, and then w have no further
libertv then to whifper in her ear what he had to fay, or tell her what o-
thersdid fpeakof her, was neither agreeable to his vocation , nor coiild
fland with his confcience.
28. At Midsummer they held a general Affembly , and there agreed
upon the Form of a Petition to be prefented to the Queen in the name
of the Kirk •,•: the fubftance of it was for abolifhing the Mafs , and other
fuperftitious Rites of the i^(>?»/y^ Religion*, for inftidHng feme punifli-
mentaoainftBlafphemy, Adultery, contempt of Word, the Profaiia-
tion of^^acraments , and other like vices condemned by the Word of
God whereof the Laws of the Realm did not take any hold •, for re-
ferrint^ all adions of Divorce to the Churches judgement, or as the
kaft to men of good knowledge and converfation •, for excluding all
Popifli Churchmen from holding anyplace in Council or Seflion«, and
finally , for theincreafe and more afiured payment of the Minifters Sti-
pends, but more particularly for appropiating theGlebesand Houfes
unto them alone. This was the fum of their defires , but couched in
foch irreverent, coarfe, and bitter expreflions , and thofe expreflions
iuftified w-ith fuch animofities , that Lethington had much ado to pre-
vail upon them for putting It into a more dutiful and civil Language. All
which the Queen know well enough ., and therefore would afford them
no better anfwer, but that fhe would do nothing to the prejudice of that
Religion wiuch Hie then profelTed ; and that fhe hoped to have Mafs re-
ftored, before the end of the year , in all partsof the Kingdom. Which
•beincT ib faid,, or fo reported , gave Knox occalion in his Preachings to
the Gentry; of -RVe and' GJkway{w which he wascommlfftonedbv.the
'"'" ^faid
Lib. IV. €;l^e ^tfto^t of tlje ^mhi^ttmm. i4s^
faid AfTtmbly) to forewarn fome of thetnpf the dangeifS which wouldj
fliortly follow 5 and rhereupon earneiHy to exhort tjiem .fo take fucir
order, that they might be obedient unto Authority, and y^t not fufferj
the Enemies of Gods Truth to have the upper-hand. And they, who-
underflood his meaning at half a word, affembled rhemfelves together
on the4of ^'f/*. at the Townof v^/r, where they entred intoa commoa:
Bopd, fubfcribed by the Earl of GleKcame, the Lords BuydandUckihry,j
with 130 more of Note and Quality, belidesthe Provofl: and Burgeflfcs.
of the Town of ^/>, which made forty more. The tenout of . which-
Bond was this that followcth. :
■ -*■ .
39. We whofe names are under rvyitten^ do prcmifc m the frejeme of,:,God^,
and in the prefence of his Son our Lord ^cfn^ chrifi, that m^ and every l<>rte pf\
«f, [hall and will maintain the Preaching ofhts holy Eva^gel^ riorv of his meui\
offered and gr Anted to this Realm -^ andalfo will maintain the, Minifiers fiftk&,
fame againfi all ferfons^ Vower aitd Authority, that mil oppofe themfelves ta.
the Deiirme propofed, and by ui received., _ And further^ with the fame:, [ofTx
lemnity we protcfl and promife that every one of us Jhall afftfl another^ yea^an^
the whole Body of the Vroteflants Within this Realm^ in all Uivfdl and ]ufl tc-'
cafionSi aga/njl aEpcrfons 5 fo that whofoevcrfliall hurt, molefi, er trouble 4-
ny of our bodies, fhall be reputed enemies to the whele, except, that the offen-
der will be content to fubmil himself to the Government of the Church now e-
fiablifJud amon^fi us. And thus we do-, as we d fire to be accepted and fa-
voured, of the Lord Jefiis, and accepted worthy of credit and hanejly m the: pre-
fence of the Godly.
40. And in purfuance of this Bond, they feize upon fomc Priefts,
and give n ;tice to others, that they would not trouble themselves of
complaining to the Queen or Council, but would execute the poniili-
ment appointed to Llolaters in the Law of God, as t-bey faw occaiipiv,
whenfoever they {liould b; apprehended. At which the Queen was
much offended ^ but there was no remedy. ' All llie could do, was q^ijff
again to fend for Knox,^^\iA to defire hini fo. to deal, with the BjifOHiSi
and other Gentlemen of the J-Fe/?, that they would not;puni(h any^'jtuan
for the caufe of Religion, as they had lefolved. To which-he anr
fweredwith as little reverence as iit othe.r times, That if her I^^f«(ly
would punifli Malefadors according to theLawSj h.^durft affur§ h^;r,
ih^t file fiiould find peace and quieti^efs at the hand, of thole , who
prpfeffed the Lord ^efus in that Kingdom : That if (he thought or had
a purpofe toillude the Laws, there were fome who would not fail xo
let the Papifls. underftand, that they Ihould not .b.£ ifuifpred wifhoiit
punilhment to offend their God. Which faid, he went about to prove
in a long difcourfe, that others were by God intrufted with the
Sword , of Jufiice, befides Kings and Princes* which Kings and prin-
ces, if they failed in the right ufe of it, and drew itnot; again^^.Ofr
fenders^ they muft not look to find obedience^ f'jjcw,, the reft. [O^i^tiie
SubicLts. . ... . ,,; _": . ' ■ "/ .1,
., 41. It isnottobedoubteu^but that every underftanding Reader;will
be able to colled out of all the premiles,. both.pf^>vj^ae Judg^meai
Knox and his Bretlxren were, touching the Sovetaigi^^y ,9fKit^gs,:0r ra-
ther
tjo C]^e!^ifto??oft^e^}e0bttemn0. Lib. iv
thet the Supreme Power invcfted naturally in the people of a State or
Nation 5 as alfo from what Fountain they derived their Do6trine,and
to whofe fentence only they refolved to fubmit the fame. But we muft
make a clearer demonftration of it, before we can proceed to the reft
ofour Hiftory-, thatfo it may appear upon what ground, and under
the pretence of what Authority fo many Tumults and Difcords were
afted on the Stage of Scotland by the Knoxtan Brethren. It pleafed the
Queen to hold a Conferenee with this man, in the purfuit whereof they
fell upon thepointofrefifting Princes by the Sword, the lawFulnefle
whereof was denyed by her, but maintained by him. The Qaean de-
mands whether Subjcdls having power may refift their Princes : Tea,
(^Mndanf) anfwered Knox ; // Princes do exceed their bounds^ and do again fi
that wherefore theyjhould he obeyed.^ there is no doubt but that they may berefi-
fied even bypomr. For (faid he) there is neither greater honour^ nor greater
obedience to begivento Kings andPrinces^ then God hath commandedto begi-
tven unto our Fathers and Mothers -^ and yet tt may [o haffen,, that the Father
may befirickenwith a Phrenfte^ and in fome ft attemft the (laying ef his chil-
dren. In rvhich cafe^ if the Children ]oyn themfelvcs together^ apprehend their
Father^ take the Srvord out of his hand., and keep him in Prifon till his
Phrenfie be ever pajl •, it is not to be thought that God will be ojfe tided with them
for their agings mtt. And thereupon he doth infer, that To it is with
fuch Princes alfo, as out of a blind Zeal would murther the Children of
God which are fubjcft to them. And therefore to take the Sword
from them, to bind their hands, and to caft them into Prifon, till that
they may be brought to a more fober mind, is not difobedience againft
them, but rather is to be accounted for a juft obedience,becaufe it agrees
with the Word of God.
42. The fame man preaching afterwards at one of their General Af-
femWles, made a diftiniftion between the Ordinance of God, and the
perfons placed by him in Authority ; and then affirmed that men might
lawfuUyand juftly refift the perfons, and not offend againft the Ordi-
nance of God. He added as a Corollary unto his difcourfe, Thit
Subj«^s were not bound to obey their Princes, if they Command un-
law'ful' things •, but that they might refift their Princes, and that they
were'hot bound to fuffer. For which being queftioned by Secretary
Ledihgton in the one, and defired to declare himfelf further in the other
point 5 hejuftified himfelf in both, affirming that he had long been of
that opinion, and did fo remain. A Queftion hereupon arifing about
the puniftjment of Kings, if they were Idolaters •, it was honeftly af-
firmed by Ledington^ That there was no Commandment given in that
cafetopunilh Kings, and that the people hadno power tobejudges o-
ver them, but muft leave them unto God alone, who would either punifli
them by death, imprifonment, war, or fome other Plagues. Againft
%vhich Knox replyed with his wonted confidence, that to affirm that the
peopkjOr a part of the people may not execute Gods Judgments againft
their King being an offender, the Lord Ledington could have no other
Warrant, except his own imaginations, and the opinion of fuch as
rather feared to difpleafe their Princes then offend their God. Againft
which when Ledington objeded the Authority of fome eminent Prote-
ftants; /irw;v anfwered, that they fpake of Chriftians fubjed; to Ty-
rants
Lib. IV. c^e W^on of tt^t ^itfihttztim^. 1 5 r
rants and Infidels, (o difperfed, that they had no other force but only
to cry unto God for their deliverance : That fuch indeed fhould ha-
zard any further then then thofe godly men willed them, he would not
haftily beofcounfel But that his Argument had another ground, and
that he fpake of a people affembled in one Body of a Commonwealth
unto whom God had giv^en fufficient force, mt only to refift, but alfo to
fupprefs all kind of open Idolatry 5 and fuch a people again he affirmed
were bound to keeptheir Land clean and unpolluted: that God requi-
red one thing of ^^^4/^4;/? and his Seed, when he and they were ftran-
gers in the Land of Egypt, and that another thing was required of them
when they were delivered from that bondage, and put into the adlual
Poffellion of the Land of Camm.
43. Finally, that the Application might come home to the point in
hand, it wasrefolved by this learned and judicious Cafuiff, that when
they could hardly find ten in any one part of Scotland, who rightly un-
derftood Gods Truth, it had been foolifhnefs to have craved the fup-
prelfion of Idolatry cither from the Nobility or the common fubjed,
becaufe it had been nothing elfe but the betraying of the filly Sheep for
a prey to the Wolves. But nm (faith he) that God hath multiplyed knove-
ledge^And hath given the v0ory untoTnith m the hands of hu Servants, if
youfhoiddjujfcr the Land again to he de-^led., you and your Fnnce Jhould drink
the cup of Gods miignation ^ the ^ueen^for her continaing ohflinaf; in open
Idolatry., in this great light of the Gofpel -y and you, for permifjionof tt, and
countenancing her m the fame. For my afjertwn is (faith Jie) that Kings h^ve
no priviledge more then hath the people to offend Gods Majejly • and if fo be
they do., they are no more exempted fri m the ptinifhment of the Law, then u any
other fub]e£f ; yea. and that fuhje^s may not only lawfully cppofe themfehes
unto their Kings., whenfocver they do any thing that exprejiy oppugncs Gods
Command?nents, hut alfo that they may execute judgement upon them according
to Gods Laws ; (o that :fthe King be a murtherer. Adulterer, or an idolater, he
Jhouldfuffer according to Gods Law, not as a Kir-g, but as an offender. Nov/
that Kncx did not Ipeak all this as his private judgement, but as it was
the judgement of Crf/i//;z, andthereftof the Genevian Dod rs, whom
he chiefly foil oweJ^ appears by this paffage in the ftory. It was re-
quired that Knox ihould writeto Cahjin, and to the Learned men in o-
ther Churches, to know their judgements in the queftion •, to which he
anfwered, that he was not only fully refolved in confcience, but had al-
ready heard their judgements as well in that, as in all other things
which he had affirmed in that Kingdom^that he came not to that Realm
without their rclblution, and had for his affurance the hand-writing of
many-, and therefore if he fliould now move the fame queftions again,
he muft either (hew his own ignorance, or inconftancy, or at leaft for-
getfulnefs.
44. Of the fame Nature, andproceeding from the fame Original,
are thofe dangerous paflages fo frequently difper fed in moft parts of his
Hilf ory- By which the Reader is informed, That Reformation cf Religi-
on doth belong to more then the Clergie and the King : That Noblemen otujht to
reform Religion, if the King will not : That Reformation of Religion belongeth ^
to the Commonalty, who concurring with the Nobility, may compel the Biflwps to
ceafefrom their Tyranny, and bridle the cruel Beafls {the Priejls : ) That they
may
1 5 2 C]^e "^i^m of tt^t ^it^h^ttxiam. Lib. i v
may lawfully require of their Kin^ to have true Preachers : and if h; be negli-
gent^ they ]ufily maythemfehes provide them, mountain them, defend them
againfl all that do ferfecute them, andmay detain the prof ts of the Church-li-
rvtngs from the Fop,^) Clergy : That God appointed the Nobility to bridle the
inordinate appetite of Princes, who in fo duing cannot be accounted as refiflers
of Auihortty : and that it u their duty to rcprefs ther.igeand i.nfolency of Prin-
ces : That the Nobiliiy and Commonalty ought to reform Religion: and in that
cafe may remove from honours, and may punijh fich tts God hath condemned
of what eftate, condition, or honour foever they be : That the puniflment of fuch
crimes as touch the Majefiy of God, doth not appertain to Kirgs and chief Ru-
lers only^ but alfo to the whole body ofihepeople, and to every member of the
fame, a^occafion^ 'vocation^ or ability fiall firve, to revenge the in]ury done a-
^ainfi God : That Princes for ^uficaiifestnaybedepofcd : That if Princes be
^Tyrants againfl Ged and his Truth, their jub]ecfs are freed from their Oaths
of obedience : And finally, that it is neither Birth right or propinquity of
bloud which makes a King rule over a people that profefs ^efas ch:--ifl • but
thai it comes from feme fpecial and extraordinary difpenfation of Almighty
Cod.
45. Such i'iX.hs plain Song, (ncYithtBefc ant of X.\\d<i Sons of Thunder',
firft tuned by ^.VtGenevian Do(5lors, by them commended unto Knox^
and by iir/jeArpreacht-d unto his Brtthren the Kirk of .Jftf/Azwi. In which
what countenance he received from Goodman, and how far he was ju-
flified, if not fucceeded by the pen of Buchanan, we flia'J l\e hereaf-
ter. ■ In the mean time the pour Queen muft needs be in a very forry
cafe, when not her people only muft be poyfoned with this uange.ous
Dodrine, butthatOie mull be baffled and affronted by each fawcy
Presbyter, who could pretend unto a Miniff ry in the Church .- Of which
the dealing of this man gives us proof iufficient, who did not only re-
vile her perfon in the Pulpit, and traduce her Government, but openly
pronounced her to be an IJolatref?, and therefore to be punifhed by her
Subjeclis as the Law required. N thing more ordinary with him in his
fadious Sermons, then to call her a Slave to Sathan^znd to tell the people
that Gods vengeance hanged over the Realm, by reafmof her impiety : which
what elfe was it, but to inflame the hearts of the people, as well againft
the Queen as all of them thatferved her C For in his publick Pravtrs
he commonly obf« rved this Form, viz. O Lord, if it be thy good pleafure^
purge the Queens heart frcm the venom of idolatry^ and deliver her from the
bondage and thraldom of Sathan, m the which fl)e yet remains for lack of true
DoBrine, &c. that info doing, flic may avoid the eternal damnation which is
ordained for all cbflinate ar.d impenitent to thee-, and that this Realm may alfo
efc ape that plague and vengeance which inevitably follows Idolatry, maintained
in this Kin'rdom againft thy manifft Word-, and the Light thereof ft forth unto
them. Such in a word wastheintemperancieof his fpirit, his hatred of her
perfon, or contempt of her Government, that heoppofe'd and crofTedher
openly inallher courfes, and for her fake, fell foul upon all men of more
moderate counfels.
46. During the interval between the death of her Father, and tier
own coming; b-ickfrom France, there had been little fliewn of a Court
in Scetland,^^ not much before. But prefently on her return, a greater
bravery in Apparel was taken up by the Lords and Ladies, and fuch as
waited
Lib. IV. ci)e ^iftQ^t of tf)t ^izfi\>vttmm. , 53
waited near her perfon, then in former times 5 never more vi/ibly^then
when they waited On her in a pompous manner , as flie went to the Par-
liament of this year. This gives great fcandal to the Preachers , to
none more then Kmx. The Preachers boldly in their Pulpits (that I
fay not malapertly ) declared againft the fuperfluity of their Clothes
and agaixift the rell of their Vanities -, which they affirmed fliould pro-
voke Gods vengeance, not only againft thofefoolilh Women , but the
whole Realm -, and efpecially againit thole that maintained them in that
odious abufing all things which might have betterbeen beftowcd. A
courfe is taken principally by their foUicitations, that certain Articles
were agreed on , and propofed in Parliament , for regulating all excefs
in Apparel as a great enormity , thaflinking pride of Women , as Knox
plainly calls it. Who being fent for to the Court upon the like occa-f
fJon, could not but pals a fcorn upon fuch of the Ladies whom he found
more gorgeoufly attired then agreed with his liking , by telling them
what a pleafant life it was they lived, if either it would always laft, or
that they might goto Heaven in all that gear. But fie on that knaii
Death (quoth he) thctt will come whether we will or not ; md when he hath
laid an Arreji , then foul Worms will be htifie with thisfiefJ) , be it never fo fair
and tender ; and the filly Soul I fear will be fo feeble , that it can neither carry
with it Gold, Garnif)ing,Furbijh,n^^ Pearl, nor precious Stones. So Zealous
washe for a Purity both in Church and Scattr,as not to tolerate foft Rai-
ment^ though in Princes Palaces. The Queen had graced the Parliament
with her prefence three days together^ in one of which fhe entertains
them with Speech, to the great fatisfadion of all her good SubjetSirS.
Knox calls it by the name of a painted Oration, tells us in fcorn that one
might have heard amongft her flatterers that it was Vox Dian/t, the voice
of a Goddefe , (for it could not be Fox Dei) and not of a Woman 5 o-
thers (as he purfues the Jeer) crying out, God fave that (weet Face •, tP^s
there ever Orator fpakefo properly andfofweetly ? &c. And tliis as much dif-
pleafed the Preachers, as the pride of the Ladies.
47. The Queen had gained the thirds of all Church-Rents by an
Aa of State , for the more honourable fupport of her felf and her Fa-
mily , upon condition of making fome allowance out of it to defray
the Minifters : How Knox approved of this, hath been ftiewn before.
Wc muft now fee how he had trained up Goodrmn (if they were not
both rather trained up by the fame great Mafter ) to purfue the quar-
rel-, and how far he wasfeconded by the reft of the Brethren. In a
general AfTembly held this year, the bufinefs of the thirds was again
refumed by fome Commiflioners of the Kirk. To which no fatisfa-
ftoryanfwer being given by the Queen and her Council, icwas faid by
thofeof the Afsembly , If the Queen will not, we muft-, for both fe-
cond and third parts are rigoroufly taken from us and our tenants. Knox
added , that if others would follow his counfel, the Guard and the Pa-
pifts fhould complain as long as their Minifters. Goodman taken fire
upon this ftrain, and ftarts a doubt about the Title which the Queen had
unto the thirds, or the Papifts to theothertwo parts of the Church-
Rents. At which when he was put in mind by Udtngton that he was
a ftranger, and therefore was to be no medler ; he boldly anfwered^ that
X though
1 54 Ctie #ifti5?r of ti^c i&jeiStf tettan?;. Lib. iv
though he was a (tranger in the Civil Policy of that Rtalm, yet ftranger
he was none in the Church of God ^ the care whertof did appertain to
him no lefs in Scotland^ then if he were in the midft oi England , his own
native Countrey. So little was there got by talking unto any of thefe
powerful Zealots. At whofe exhorbitances when the Lord James Steward
(not long before made Earl of Murray) feemed to be offended, and other-
wife had appeared more favourable to the Queen then agreed with their
liking •, Knox, who before adpred him above all men living, difcharged
himfelf by Letter in a churlifli banner from any further intermedling in
his affairs- in which hccotnm'its him to his own wit (fo the Letter words
it) andio the condu^i of thofe men who maid better feafe htm * and in the
end thereof upbraids him , that his preferment never came by any com-
plying with impiety, nor by the maintaining of pefti'.ent Fapilh.
48 But to proceed to greater matters : the Queen began her Sum-
mers Progrefs, andleft aPrieft behind in Halyrood-houi^^, to execute Di-
vine-Offices in the Chappel to the reft of her Family. Some of the
Citizens of Edenborough were obferved to repair thither at the time of
Mafs •, whereof the Preachers make complaint, and ftir the people in
their Sermons to fuch a fury , that they flock in great multitudes to the
Palace violently force open the Chappel-doors, i'eize upon fucli as thty
found there , and commit them to Priibn , the Priell eilaping wicii
much difficulty by a privy Poftern, The news of this dlforJerls car-
ried poft to the Queen , who thereupon gives order to the Provoft of
Edenhorough to feize upon the perfons of Andrew Armflrong , or Vatrick
Crauflon, (the chief Ringleaders of the tumult) that they might under-
go the Law at a time appointed, for fore- thought Felony , in making 4
violent invafion into the Queens Palace, and for fpoilation of the lame.
This puts (the Brethren into a heat, andA'^^jxis ordered by the con-
tent of the reft of the Minifters , to give notice unto all the Church of
the prefent danger , that they might meet together as one man to pre-
vent the mifchief. In the clofe of which Letter he lets them know
what hopes he had , that neither flattery nor fear would make them fo
far to decline from Chrift Jefus , as that againft their publick Pro-
mife, and folemii Bond, they would leave their dear Brethren in fo juft
a caufe. It was about the beginning of Augtift that the tumult hapne J,
and the beoinning of October that the Later was written. A Copy of
it comes into the hands of the Lords of the Council -, by whom the
writincj of it was declared to be Treafon , to the great rejoycing of
the (Jeen , who hoped on this occafion to revenge her felf upon him
. for his former infolencies. But it fell out quite contrary to her expe-
dation. Knox is commanded to appear before the Lords of the Couh-
cil , and he comes accordingly ; but comes accompanied with fuch a
train of Godly Brethren , that they did not only fill the open part of
the Court, but thronged up ftairs, and preft unto the doors of the Coun-
cil. This' makes the man fo confident , as to ftand out ftoutly a-
gainft the Queen and her Council, affiiming that the convocating of the
People in fo juft a caufe^was no offence againft the Law -, and boldly tel-
ling them,that they who had inflamed the Queen againft thofe poor men,
were the Sons of the Devil •, and therefore that it was no marvail if they
obeyed
Lib. IV. Clje ]^(aoj¥ of tt)e mt^^vttmn^.
155
obeyed the dcfires of tlicir Fathi^r , who was a Murtherer from the b>-.
ginning. MoveJ with which conHdtrnce, or rather terrified with th^.'
clamours of theRafcal liable , even ready ro break in upon them the-
whole Nobility then prefent , abfolved him of all the crimes objected to'
him, not without fome praife to God for his mod.fty,aad for his plain and
fenfible anlwers, as himlclf reports it. ■_ .'.;ii
4P. VVorfe fared it with the Queen, and thofc of her Religion iii' ^5^4'
another adventure, thea it did in this. At the miniftring of the'Com-
munion in Edenborough on the fii ft of Jfril , the Brethren are advertifed
that the Papifts were bufie at their Mais -, fome of which taking one of
the Bayliffs with them , laid hands upon the Prieft , the Mafter of the
Houfe , and two or three of the Alfiftants ^ all whom they carryed to
the leU-hooth or Common -ha II: The Prieft they re-inveft with his Maf-^-
fing-Garraents-, fet him upon the Market-crofs, unto which they tye
him, holding a Chalice in his hand, which is tyed to it alfo, and there
expofed him for the fpace of an hour to be pelted by the boys with rotten
Eggs. The next day he is accufed and convided in a courfe of Law,
by which he might have iuffcreJ death , but that the Law had never'
been confirmed by the King or Queen. So that inftead of all other pu-
niflbments which they had no juft power to infliel: upon him, he was pla-
ced in the fame manner on the Market-crofs , the common Hanc^man
ftanding by , and there expofrd to the fame infolencies for the fpace of
three or four hours, as the day before. Some Tumult m'oht have fol-
lowed on it, but that the Provoft with fome Halbcrtiers difperfed the mul-
titude, and brought the poor Pritft off with fafety. Of this the Queen'
complains, but without any j'emedy : Inftead of other latisfa(5}:ion,anAr-
ticleis drawn up by the Commiirionjrs of tht next Afsem'bly , to be pre-
fenteJ to the Parliament then fitting at Edcnhorough -^ in which it was
defired, Thut the Vapfiicd a.r,d hUf^hemous Jlfafs^ jvith all the Papifiical idola-
try, and Papal ^urifdicfton^ be univerfallj [upprejl ,and dolijhd throughout this
Realm , not oiely in the[ub}efts, but the ^eeris ewnperfcn, &c. of which'
more hereafter. It was not long fince nothing was more Preached a-
mongft them, then the great tyranny of the Prelates,and the unmerciful
dealing of fuch others as were in Authority , in not permittin<* them to
have the liberty of confcience in their own Religion •, which now they
denyed unto their Queen.
50. But the affront which grieved hermoft , was the pervcrfe , but
- moft ridiculous oppoiition which they made to her Marria^^e : flie had
been defired for a Wife by Anthony oi 5c«r^o» King of Nai'ar , Louis
Prince o( Conde, Arch-Duke Charles^ the Duke of Bavaria, and one of
the younger Sons of the King of 5>vf^w. -Mt Qucen Elizdeth , who
endeavoured to keep her low*, diffwaded her fruin all Alliances of thac.
highftrain, perfwadcd her to Marry with fome Noble Perfon of jF^f-
//iW, for the better eftablilhment of herSuccefTnn in the Crowivof
this Realm-, and not obfcurely pointed to her the Earl o[' Leicefier :
Which being made known to the Lady'Mir^.zr^'/ Countefs 0? Lenox,
Daughter of Magarct Qaten of Scots , and Grand child to Kincr'
Henry the Seventh , from whom both Queens derived their Titled
to this Crown •, (lie wrought upon the Queen of 5'fo/5, byfomeCourt-
Ihflruments , to accept her Eldeft Son the Lord ffcnry Stemrd for"
^ 2. her
1 5tf Cl^e f iftojt ol ti^e ^m\)tttxim$. Lib. iv
her Husband. A Gentleman he was above all exception , of comely
perfonage, and very plaufible behaviour , of Englifli Birth and Educa-
tion, and much about the fame age with the Queen herfclf. And to
this Match (he was the more eafily inclined , becaufe Ihe had been told
of the King her Father , that he refolved (if he had dyed without any
IfTueof his own) to declare the Earl of La:ox for his Heir Apparent,
that fo the Crown might be preferved in the name of the Stewarts. But
that which moft prevailed upon her , was a fear flie had left the youn«
Lord , being the next Heir unto herfelf tothe Crown o( Efigla»d,m\o^z
Marry into fome Family of Power and Puiflance in that Kingdom •, by
means whereof he might prevent her of her hopes in the fucceflion-, to
which his being born in EngLind , and her being an Alien and an Ene-
my, might give fome advantage. Nor did it want fome place in her
confideration , that the young Lord, and his Parents alfo, were of the
fame Religion with her, which they had conftantly maintained,notvvith.
ftanding all temptations to the contrary in the Court o^ England. To
fmooth the way to this great bufinefs , the Earl dciires leave of Queen
Elizabeth to repair into Scotland, where he is gracioufly received , and in
full Parliament reftored unto his native Countrey , from whence he had
been banifhed two and twenty years. The young Lord follows not
long after , and find fuch entertainment at the hands of that Qncen,
that report voiced him for her Husband before he could affure himfelf
of his own affedlions. This proved no very pleifing news tothofe of
the Congregation 5 who thought it more expedient to their Affairs,
that the Quesn ihould not Marry at all -, or at leaft , not Marry any o-
ther Husband but fuch as (liould be recommended to her by the
Queen of Englani ■> on whom their fafety did depend. In which re-
gard they are refolved to oppofe this Match , though orherwife they
were allured that it would make the Queen grow lefs in reputation
both at home and abroadjto Marry with one of her own fubje(5ls,of what
blood foever.
51. And now comes A>(?.v to play his prize , who more defired that
the Earl of Leicefier (as one of his own Fadion) flrould eipoufc: the
Queen , then the Earl defired it for himfelf. If (he will Marry at all,
let her make choice ofoneof the true Religion , for other Husband flie
fhould never have, if he could help it. And to this end he lays about
him in a Sermon Preached before the Parliament, at which the Nobi-
lity and Eftates were then afsembled. And having raved fufficiently,
as his cuftom was , at laft he tells them in plain terms (defiring them to
note the day , and take witnefs of it j Tkit rvhenfoever the Nubilhy of Scot-
land who prof ejs the Lord ^eftis , fiould confent that an Jnfdd {andailPap^s
are Inf dels ^{z'lih. ht)P}ouldhe head to their Soveraign •, they did.fofjK as in them
lyes^ banjfh Chrijl Refits from this Realm^yea^and bring Gods ^udge?nent upa^
the Countrey^ a Flague upon themfelves, and dofmal! comfort te her f elf . For
which being queftioned by the Queen in a private conference , he did
not only ftand unto it , without the leaft qualifying or rctratfting of thofe
harfh exprelTidns ; but muft inticle them toGod, asif they had been the
immediate Infpirations of the Holy Ghoft : for in a Dialogue with
the Queen , he affirmed exprefly , that out of the Preaching-place
few had occafion to be any way offended with him ; but there (that
is
Lib.iv. ctjc ^m^t of tf)z ^m^ttetim^.
157
is to fay, ia the Church or Pulpit) he was not Mafler of himfelf but
muft obey him that commands him to fpeak p]ain,and flatter no flcfli up.
on the face of the Earth. T his infolent carriage of the man put the
Queen into paflion •, infomuch^ that oneof her Pages (as Knox himfe'lf
reports the Itory) could hardly find Handkerchiefs enouoh to dry her
eyes ; with which the proud fellow fliewed himfelf no fur^ther touched
then if he had feen the like tears from any one of his own Boys on a juft
corred:ion. ' ■
52. Moft men of moderate fpirits feemed much offended at the for-
mer paffage, when they heardof the affliction it had given the Queen
But it prevailed fo far on the generality of the Congregation, thaTpre^
fently it became a matter of Difpute amongft them, Whether the 9ueen
might chu^t to her f elf an Husband, or whether it were more fitting that the E-
ftates of the Landlhould appoint onefer her. Some fober men affirmed in ear-
neft, that the Queen was not to be barred that lib.^rty which was oran-
red to the meaneft Subjed. But the Chief leading men of the Congre-
gation had their own ends in it, for which they muft ptetend the fafety
of the Common- wtaich. By whom it was affirmed as plainly, that in
the Heir unto a Crown, the cafe wasdifFerent, becaufe, laid they, fuch '
Heirs in afsuming an Husband to themfelves,did withal appoint a King
to be over the Nation': And therefore that it was more fit that th-
whoh ptople Ihould chufe a Husband to one Woman, then on'e Woman
toeled a King to Rule over the whole people. Others that had the fame
clcfign, and were poffibly of the fame opinion, concerninc^the impofing
of a Husband on her by the Statesof the Realm, dilguifed Their purpofe^
by pretending another Reafon to break off this Marriage: Vhe Queen
and the young Noble- man were too near of kindred to%t conjoynediri
Marriage by the Laws of the Church; her Father and his Mother beincr
born of the fame Venter, as our Lawyers phrafe it. But for this blow
tJie Queen did eafily provide a Buckler , and difpatched one of her
Minifters to the Court of Rome for a Difpenfation. The other was noc
fowellvvarded, butthatit fell heavy at the laft, and plunged her inter
all t'hofe miferies which enfued upon it.
55- But notwithflanding thtfe obflruiaions, the Match went for- ic5<5-
wards in tlie Court, chiefly foUicited by one David Rifw, born in Pied-
mom 5 who coming into Scotland in the company of an Ambaffadur
from the Duke of Savey, was there detained by the Queen, firfl: in
the. place of a Mufician, afterwards imployedin writintr Lette'rs to her
Friends in France. By which he came to be acquainted with moll of her
fee rets, and as her Secretary for the /'m?f/^ Tongue to have aoreat hand
intiic managing of all Forein tranfaftions. This brought him^into ^reat
envy with thei'^w, proud in themfelves,and not eafie to be kept in fair
terms, when they had n© caufe unto the contrary. But the preferrincr
of this ftranger v/as confidered by them as a wrong to their Nation zs
if not able to afix)rd a fufficient man to perform that OSics^ to which the
Educating of fo many of them in the Court of France^ had made them
no lefs fit and able then this Mungrel Italian. To all ihhRifio was no'
ftranger, and therefore was to caft about how to fave himfelf and to
preferve that Power and Reputation which he had acquired;. Whichto
redeffedf , he labouby all means to promote the Match, fll^t theyoun*
Lord
1 5 8 C^e K^iftojt of t^e ^tc^bttcrian^* Lib. i v
Lord being obliged unto him for fo great a beiufir, might ftand the
fafterto himagainft all Court- fadions, wheulbevtr they flipuld rife a-
oainfthim. And that it might appear to be his work only, Ledington the
chief Secretary is difpatched for jE«^/<«W,parciy to gain the Queens con-
fent unto the Marriage, and partly to excufe the Earl of Lemx and his
Son, for not returning to the Court as Ihe had commanded. In the mean
time he carries on the bufinefs with all care and diligence, to the end thaE
the Match might be made up before his return. Which hafte he mada
for thefetwo Keafons : firft, left the dilTenting of that Queen (who.e. in-
fluence he knew to be very great on the Kingdom of Scotland) might ei-
ther beat it, dff, or at leaft retard it-, the fecond, that the young Lord
Darnlej, for fo they called him, might have the greater obligatiou to him
for effefting the bufinefs,then if it had been done by that Queens confent.
5 5 . To make all fure (as fure at leaft as humane VVifdom could pro-
iedit) a Convention of the Eftates is called in .W4)i, and the bulin.fs of
the Marriage is propounded to them. To which ibmeyeildedabfolute-
ly without any condition, others upon condition that Religion might be
keptindempnified-, only the Loii Uchiltry^ one who adher'd to Knox in
his oreateft difficulties, maintained the Negative, affirming openly, that
he would never admit a King of the Popilh Religion. Encouraged by
which general and free confent of the chief Nobility then prefent, the
Lord Darnley not long after is made Baron of Ardmonuck, created Earl of
Rofs and Duke of iJ^r^f/^)/, titles belonging to the eldeltand the fecond
Sons of the Kings of iVor/rfW. ButOn the other fide, luch ol the great
Lords of the Congregation as were refolved to work the r own enas out
of thefe prefent differences, did purpofely abfent themfelves from that
Convention, that is to fay, the Earls of Mttnaj^ C4enciirm^ Rothes^ Ar-
guiU^ &c. together with Duke HAmiltcn and his dependants, whom they
had drawn into the Fa6tion : and they convened at Stirling alio, though
not untill the Queen and her retinue were departed from thence •, and
there it was refolved by all means to oppofe the Marriage, for the better
avoiding of fuch dangers and inconveniences which othcrwife might en-
fue upon it. For whofe encouragement, the Queen o{ England i\xn\\'^\t'i
them with ioot>o pounds, that it might ferve them for advance-mony
for the lifting of Souldiers, w.hen an occafion ftiould be offered to em:-
broyl that Kingdom. Nor was Knox wanting for his part to advance the
troubles, who by his popular declamations againft the Match, had fo in-
cenfed the people of £^f»^<?ro»^^, that they refolved to put themfelves
into a pufture of War, to eled Captains to command thcin,and to difarm
all thofe who werefufpeded to wifli well unto it. But the Qi.i2cn came
upon them in fojufta time, that the chief Leadersof the Fadlion-Were
compelled to defert the Town,and leave unto her mercy both their goods
and families •, to which they were reftored not long after by her grace
and clemency. ;,•
5 5. A general Affembly at the fame time was held in Edenborough^who
falfely thinking that the Queen in that conjuncture could deny them
nothing, prefented their deiires unto her: In the lirft whereof it was de-
manded, That the Papifiical and hlaffhcmow M^fs-^ tcith all Pcfijh Idolatry^a/id
the Pofes jurifdictions^fhould be uni'verfally fufj>reft and ahoUjhed throughout the
whole Realfffy not only amongft the Subje^Sy hut in the Queens Majcfi/es own Pcr-
fon
Ljb.iv. ' Cije f iftoj? of tl;}z ^iz^httztim^. 1 59
/«)/^ and family. In the nex t place it was defired, T/jjt the true Religion for-
merlj rccjvcdficuld be frofe(led hy the ^ueen^ a4 well ashy the Subjects 5 and
fcofle of Alljots houndto rtjcrt uponthe Snndays^ at leafi to the Prayers and
Freachwg'y as in the fonmr times to Mafs : That fur e frovtfionjhould he made
for \ufenta'.ion(,f ihe^Mimjlry^ asrvellfvr the time frefem^ as for the time to
come •, and their Livings affigaedthtm in the f laces where they jerved^or atleafl
jnthe f.trts next adjacent -^ and that they fhould not he ptt to crave the fame at
the hands of ar.y others : That all Benefices then vacant, and fuch as had fallen
void fine e March 1558, or jhiild happen hereafter to be void^ fliould he difpofed
toferfons of quality for the Minifiry^ upon tryal andadmfsion by ^/5'f j'»l>er/;irf«-
d'^»f •, with many other dtmaads of like weight and quality. To which
the Qiieen rf earned this anfwer : Firft, That ^z could not he perfwa-
dedth^it there was any imptety in the Mafs: Thatfhe had been always bred in the
Religion of the Church e/ Rome, which fl)e efleemedte be agreeable to the Word
cfCody and therefore truflcd that her fuh']e^s would not force her to do any thin?;
againflher con(cie>:ce : That hitherto (he never had^ nor did intend hereafter to
force any mans confcience-^ but to leave every one to the free exercife of that Reli-
gion which to him feetnei heft ; which might fujficiently induce them to oblige her
by the like ir.didgjnce. She anlVered to the next : That (he did not think it
reafonable to defraud her felf of fuch a conjlderable part of the Royal Patrimony
as to put the Patronages if Benefices out of her own power ; the pttblick necefsities
of the Crown being fuch, that they required a great part of the Church- Rents to
defry thefime: Which norwithftanding, ftis declared, that the necefsities of
the Crown being firfl fupplyed^ carefhouldhe taken for the fuflentation of the Mi-
niflers in fome reafonable and ft proportion^ to be afsigntd out of the near eft and
mofi commodioM places to their fever al dwellings. For all the reft, Hie was con-
tentt'd to refer her iclf t ^ the following Parliament, to whofe determina-
tions in the particulars dcfired, fliewould be conformable.
56. Not doubting but this anfwer might fufficiently comply with all
expeditions, flie proceeds to the Marriage, publickly folemnized in the
midft o^^uly, by the Dean o( Reflalrig, whom I conceive to b: the Dean
of her Majefties Chappd, in which that fervice was performed 5 and the
next day ths Bridegroom was folemnly proclaim.ed Kmg by the found of
Trumpet^ declared to be afTociated with her in the publick Government j
and order given to have his nameufed in all Coyns and Inftruments. Bat
neither the impoflibility of untying this knot, nor the gracious anfwer Ihe
had made to the CommiflTioners ofthe lateAflembly, could hin:!er the
Confederate Lords from breaking out intoadion. But firft they publi-
flied a Remonftrance (as the cuftom was) to abufe the people •, in which
it was made known to all whom it might concern. That the Kingdom was
cpenly u ronged. the liberties thereof opprej^ed^ and a King impofed upon the
people without th; confent of the Efiates ^ \viHch they pretend to be a thing
not pradifed in the f rmer time, contrary to the Lav/s and received Cu-
ftoms ofthe Cojntry: And thereupon defired all good Sub)e£fs to take the mat-
ter into confideration-and to joyn with them in refifling thofe beginnings of Tyran-
ny. But few there were that would be taken with thefe Baits, or thought
them felves in any danger by the prcfent Marriage •, which gave the
Qaeen no power at home, and muchlefs abroad. And that they might
continae always in fo good a pofture, the young King was perfwaded to
fliew himfelf at Knuxes Sermon 5 but received fuch an entertainment
from
1 6o C^e ^iftoj^ of ti^c |&?c0b^terianjj. Lib. i v
from that fiery and feditious fpirit, as he little looked for. For Knox, ac-
cording to his cuftom, neither regarding the Kings prefence, not fearing
what might follow on his alienating from the caufe of the Kirk, fell a-
mongft other things to fpeakof the Government of wicked Princes, who
for the fins of the people were fent as Tyrants and Scourges to plague
them i but more particularly, that people were never more fcourged by
God, then by advancing boys and Women to the Regal Throne, Which
ifit did difpleafe theKing,andgiveofFc;nce to many Confcientious and
Religious men, can fecm ftrange to none.
5 yT In the mean time the difeontented Lords depart from Stirlifjg mote
discontented then they came,becaufe the people came not in to aid rhem,
as they had expedted. From Stirlmgihty remove to Paifely, and from
thence to Hamilton-) theCaftle whereof they refolved to Fortifie for their
prefent defence. But they were followed fo clofe by the King and Queen,
and fo divided in opinion amongft themfelves,that itfeemed beft to them
to be gone, and try what Friends and Followers they could find in E-
denborottgh ; but they found that place too hot for them alto ; the Cap-
tain of the Caftle did fo ply them with continual fhot, that it was held
unfafe for them to abide there longer. From thence therefore they be-
took themfelves to the Town o^Dumfreis-, not far from the City of Car-
///Ze in £«^/rf«<«^, into which they might eafily efcape, whatfoever hap-
pened, as in time -they did. For the King leaving his old I ather, the
Earl of Lenox^ to attend them there,'; march'd with his Forces into Fife^
where the party of the Lords feemedmoft confiderable-, which Province
they reduced to their obedience : fome of the great Lords of it had for-
fook their dwellings, many were taken prlfoners and put toRanforae,
and fome of the chief Towns fined for their late difloyalty: "Which done,
they march to Edenborough., and from thence followed to Dnmfreis , On
whofe approach , the Lords , unable to defend themfelves againft their
Forces, put themfelves into C4r///?e,where they are courteoufly received
by the Earl of Bedford.;vjhQ was then Lord Warden of the Marches-jfrom
thence Duke //<Jw/7/fi;?, the Earls of Gkncarne an<i Rothes., the Lord M-
chiltry, the Commendator of Ktlviming., and divers others of good note,
removed not long after to Nervcafile, that they might have the eafier
paflage into France or Germany, if their occafions fo required. The Earl
oi Murray is difpatched to the Court of England; but there he found fo
little comfort, at leaft in (hew, as brought the Queen under a fufpition
amongft the Scots, cither of deep diflTimulation, or of great inconftancy.
The news whereof did fo diftraft and divide the reft,that Duke Hamilton
under-hand made his own peace with his injured Queen, and put himfelf
into her power in the December following. The falling off of which
great perfon fo amazed the reft, that now they are refolved to follow all
thofe defperate counfels, by which they might preferve themfelves and
deftroy their enemies, though to the ruine of the King, the Queen, and
their natural Country. But what they did in the purfuanceof thofe
counfels, muft be referved for the fubjed of another Book.
The End of the Fourth Boole.
hi'j(^(ifl,.r-i:i
:.r-;
i6i
J
'!bl
J E%1V S \EV IV I^V S:
Q R THE
HISTORY
OF THE
esbyterians
Lib. v.
Containing
J further (lifcoVtry of their dangerous DoBrines ; their oppofitions
to Momrtiical md Epi/copal Government ? thi ir fecret Tra^kef
and Co /piracies to advance their Di/cipline ; together mtbthdr
fre^ueutTieafons and Rebellion r inthepurfuance oftbefatftejrom
the year 1'^6'^y till the year 1585.
'Mongft the many natural Children of King ^ames
the Fifth, none were more eminent and confiderar
ble in the courfe of thefe times then Jams Pryor of
St. Andrews^ and ^ehn Pryor of CoUingham 5 nei-
ther of which were men in Orders, or trained up
to learning, or took any further charge upon
them, then to receive the profit of their feveral
places, which they enjoyed as Commendators, or
Adminiftrators, according to the ill cuftam of fome Princes in (?^rw4«;y.
^ohn^ihc lefsaftiveof the two, but Father of a Son who created more
mifchief to Kins ^'''''''^•^t'^e Sixth, then 5'^47»^; the other Brother did to
X the
lei Cl^e !^(ftoj¥ of ti^e ^^jejJbtterian^. Lib. v .
the prefent Queen : For having took to Wife a Daughter of the Houfe
oi Hephourn, bi^ct zndne-xzHtlt of ^dmes Hep^ourn Earl o{ Bothwel (of
whom more anon) he was by her the Fa"ther of Francis Stewart^ who
fucceededin that Earldom on the death of his Uiickle. 'bni :fames
the other Brother was a man of a more ftirring fpirit, dextrous in the
difpatch of his bufinefs, cunning in turning all things to his own advati-
taeej a notable diffembler of his love and hatred, and fuch a Mafttr
in the Art of Insinuation, that he kne^ how to work all parties to e-
fpoufe his intcreft. His preferments lay altogether in Eccleiiaftical
Benefices, defigned unto him by his Father, or conferred upon him
by his Sifter, or the King her Husband. But that all three conjured to
the making of him, appears by the Kings Letter on the feventeenthday
of lulji upon this occafion. At what time as the Marriage was fo-
lemnized between Francis then Daulphin of fra/^ce-, and the Queen of
Sms ' he went thither to attend thofc tryumphs, where he became a
Suiter to the Queen his Sifter, that fome further Charader or Mark
of Honour might be fet upon him then the name of Pryor. But the
Queen having been advertifed by fome other Friends, that he was of
anafpiring mind, and enterprifing nature, and of a fpirit too great
for a private Fortune, thought it not good to make him more con-
iiderable in the eye of the people then he was already-, and fodifmifthim
for the prefent.
2. The fruftrating of thefe hopes fo exceedingly vextd him (as cer-
tainly fome are as much difquieted with the lofs of what they never had,
otherswiththeruineof a prefent pofTeflion) that the next year he joy-
nedhimfelf tothofe of the Congregation, took Knox into his moftim-
meJjate and particular care, and went along with him hand in hand in
defacing the Churches of St. y^Wrow, Stirling^ Lithgow^ Edenbarosgh^
and indeed what note' And for fo doing, he received twoiliarp anJchi-
din» Letters from the King and Queen, upbraiding him with former
benefits received from each, and threatning fevere puniihment, if he
returned not immediately to his due obedience. Which notwithftand-
vcio , he continues in his former courfes, applies himfclf unto the
Queen and Council of England^ and lays the plot for driving the
French Forces out of Scotland: Which done, he caufed the Parliament
of 1560 to be ht\6.2ii Edcnbfrough^ procures fome Adts to pal's for ba-
niibino the Popes Supremacy, repealed all former Statutes which were
made in maintainance of that Religion, and ratifies the Confefllon
of the Kirk of Scotland in fuch form and manner as it was after-
wards confirmed in the firft Parliament of King lames the Sixth. Upon
the death of Francis the young French King, he g:)es over again. And
after fome condolemenis betwixt him and the Queen, intimates both to
her and the Princes of the Houfe of Guife^ how ill the rugged and
untra(5l:abie nature of the Scots would fort with one, who had been ufed
to the compliances and affabilities of the Court of France ; advifcth
that fome principal perfon of the Realm of Scotland might be na-
med for Ret^ent 5 and in a manner recommends himfclf to them as
the fitteftman. But the vvorft was, that his Mother had been heard
to brag amongft fome of her Goffips, that her Son was the lawful Iffue
©f King ^4wei the Fifth,^ to whofe defires ilie had nevet yeildeti, but
cn
Lib. V. cije l$iiim of m mt^Mtma0» ^g.
on promifeof Marriage. This was enough to crofs 'ffim'in his prefef?t
alms, and not to truft him with a poWcr by which he toi»lit be able to
effed his purpofes, if h=; had any inch afpirings. AAd fdhe wasdifmift
again, without further honour then the carrying back-of. a Commiflioh
to f^nie Lords in Scotland, by which they vvereimpoweredto ma'na**^ th>
affairs of that Kingdom till the Queens return. Aur ^- ^^•H{
3. This fecond dilappointm-nt adds more FeA^tlto the formV^
■flame 5 and he refolves to give the Queen as little comfort of that
"Crown, as if it were a Crown of Thorns, as indeed it proved. ■ -Poi-
nkingBn^lMdin his way, he applies himlelf tofome'of fhe LorJs c^
the Council, to whom he reprefents the dangers whidi muft needs en-
fue to Queen Bltzdeth, if Mary his own Queen w^re" fufFcred to return
into her Country, and thereby lay all paflageS open Co the powers -of
frarice^ where llie.had dill a very Itrong and prevailing party. But when
he found thit ilie had fortunately efcaped the Ships of England^ that t\\t
Stbjears from all parts had went away extremely fatisfied with her
■gratious carriage, he refolved to make one in the Hofama^ as afterwards
he was the Chief in the Cr«a/^f •, heapplies himfdlf unto' the Queens
humour with all art and indultry, and really performed to her manv
fignal fervices in gratifying her with the free exercife of her own Re-
ligion •, in which, by reafonofhis great Authority with the Conoreffa-
tion , he was heft able to oblige both her felf and her fervants. By tliJs
means he became fo great in the eyes of the Court, that the Queen
feemed to be governed wholly by him : and that he might continue al-
Avays in io good a pofture , flie frrft conferred up^n himthe Earldom of
Murray^ and a'ter Married him to a Daughter of iTm/^, Earl-Marflial of
Scotland. Being thus honoured and allyed , his next care was to re-
move all impediments which he fjund in thi: way to his afpirin". The
Ancient and Potent Family of the Gourdoijs^ he fuppeffed ahd^ruined
though after it reflouridied in its ancient glory : But his main bufinefs'
was to opprefs the Hamiltons ^ as the next Heirs unto the Crown in the
common opinion •, the Chief whereof (whom the French Yi\\\o had
created Duke ofc^afieau Herald^ a Town in Poiclou) he had (o di^oun-
tenanced, that he was forced to leave Court , and fuffer his Eldeft Son
the Earl of Arrane to be kept in Prifon , uuder pretence of fome diftem-
per in his brain. When any great Prince fought the Qii^een in Mar-
riage, he uftd to tell her , that the Scots would never brook the power
of a ftranger-, and that whenfoever that Crown had fallen into the
hands of a Daughter , as it did to her , a Husband was chofen for her
by the Eftates of the Kingdom, of their own Language , Laws and Pa-
rentage. But when this would not ftrve his turn co breakofFthe Mar-
riage with the young Lord Darnley ^ none feemed more forward then
himfelf to promote that Match whicii he perceived He could not hinder
Belides, he knew that the Gentleman was vt ry youn^ , of no oreac in-
flight in bufinefs , mainly addided to his pleafures, and utterly^unexpe-
rienced in the affairs of that Kingdom •, fo that he need not fear the
weakning of his Power by fuch a King , who defired not to take the
Government upon him. And in this point he agreed well enough with
David Rifio , though on different ends. But when he found the^ Queen
fo paffionately affedei to this fecond Husband^ that all Grace?~and
^ ^ '. Court-
J 54 C]^e!^«tojtoft^ei^je?;tttetian0. Lib. v.
Court- favours were to pafs by him •, that he had not the Qieens ear fo
advantagioufly as before he had •, and that (he had revoked fotne grants
-which were made to hirei and others, during her minority, as againftthe
Law •, he thought it moft expedient to the furthering of bis own con-
cecnments, topeece himftlf more nearly wkhihtEzrls of, Morto)tjCle»-
earfie-) Argmk and Rothes^ the Lords Ruthen^ Uchiltry, &c\ whom he knew
tobezealoufly affed.^d to the Reformation, and v.o way pleafed with
the Queens Marriage to a perfon of the other ReUgion. ^y whom, it
was refolved, that J/t'rfow and J?«/^f» (hould remain in the Court, ais
wellto give as to receive intelligence of all proceedings : The others
were to take up Arms, and to raife the people, under pretence of the
Queens Marriage to a man of the Popifh Religion, not taking with her
the confent of the Qui^n oi England. But being too weak to keep the
Field, they firft put themfelves into Carlijle^ andafterwardsinto JVerv-
C<t/?/e, as before was faid ; and being in this manner fled the Kingdom,
they are all proclaimed Traytors to the Queen ^ a peremptory day
appointed to a publick Tryal •, on which if they appeared not at
the Bar of juftice, they were to undergo the fcnteace of a condem-
nation.
■4. And now their Agents in the Court begin to buftle : the King was
foon perceived to be a meer qutfide-man, of no deep reach into Atfaits,
andeafily wrought on -, which firft induced the Queen to (ei the lefs
value on him •, nor was it long before fome of their Csurt- Females
whifpered into her ears, that flie was much neglefted by him, that he
fpent more of his time in Hawking and Hunting, and perhaps in more
unfit divertifements(if -ft'«(?.x"'fpeak him rightly) then he did in her com-
pany-, and therefore that it would be requifite to lure him in, before
he wastoomuchon the Wing, and beyond her call. Oo thefe fug-
geftions, flie gave order to her Secretaries, and other Officers, to place
hisnamelaft in all publick' Adts, and infuch Coyns as were newftani-
ped'to leave if out. This happened as they would have willied ; For
hereupon Earl -ii/i^^/o/^clofeth with the King, infinuates unto him how
unfit it wasthat heihould befubjedt to his Wife -, that it was the duty
of women to obey, and of men to govern •, and therefore that he
micfht do well to fct the Crown on his own head, and take chat power
into his hands which belonged unto him. When they perceived that
his ears lav oppn to the like temptations, they then began to buz into
them, that Rifio was grown too powerful for him in the Court, that
he out-vied him in the bravery both of Clothes and Horfes, and that
this could proceed from no other ground then the Queens afFe(5tion,
which was fufpeded by wife men to be fomewhat greater then might
ftand with honour. And now the day draws on apace, on which Earl
Murray and the reft were to make their appearance •, and therefore
fomew/iat muftbedoneto put theCourt intofuch confufion, and the
City of Edetiborough intofuch diforder,that they might all appear with-
out fear or danger of any legal profecution to be made againft him.
The daydefigncd for their appearance, was the twelfth day of March-^
and on the day before, fay fome (or third day before, as others) the
Confpirators go unto the King, feemed to accufe him of delay, tell
him that now or never was the^ime to revenge his injuries, for that he
ftiould
Lib. V. -S^ljc ^ifto^v of ti)c m^^httmanfi. , 6j
lliould now find the fellow i^i the Queens private Chamber , withoUt
;3ny force to make refinance. So in they rulh, find David fitting at the
Queens Table, the Countefs of ^/g-/«/?oaely between them. ^ Jir{t/?e»
:if.ommands him to arife, and to go with him, telling him that the place
in which he fate did no way befeem him. The pour fellow runs unto
the Queen for protedion , and claps his arms about her middle- which
the King forcibly unfaftneth , and puts him to the power of his mortal
enemies, by whom he was dragged down the Stairs , and /tabbed in fo
- many places (fifty three faith Kfiox) that his whole body feemed to be
like a piece of Cut- work. Which barbarous Murther Knox proclaims
fcranadl of Juftice , calls it d. jufl fHm(hment on that Pultyon and vile
Knave David, for abufvig the Common wealth, and his other villanies ■ and
heavily complains , that the Chief A^ors in the fame (which heextols
for a ]uft a6i , and mofi worthy of all f>raife, Pag. 96) were fo unwoythU) left
hy the reft their Brethren, and forced to fufftr the hitter nefs ef exile andbanm^
ment.
5. The Queen was then grown great with child, and bein^ aflPricrht-
ed at the fuddennefs of this execution, and the fear of fometreafonable
attempt againft her perfon,was in no fmall danger of mifcarryinc^. The
Court was full of Tumult, and the nolle thereof fo alarmed the^Town
that the people flocked thither in great multitudes to know the matter -
to whom the King fignified out of a Window, that the Queen was fafe-
which fomewhat appealed them for the prefent: But aotYvithftandinf^'
both the Court and City were in fuch diilradtion , that when the Earl
Qi Murr ay z.x\^ the reft of the Confederates tendered their appearance
and offered themfelves unto the tryalof the Law, there was no infor'
mation made againft them , nor any one fufficiently inftru(5ted for the
profecution. V/hich being obferved , they addrefs themfelves to the
Parliament Hou'e , and there take inftruments to teftifie upon Record
that they were ready to anfwer whatfoever could be charged upon them-
but none there to profecutc. And here the Scene begins to change'
MortQmx\A Rtitbm, and the reft of their accomplices, betake themfelves
to Nerv-Caftle, as the fafcft Sandtuary ^ and il//rM;f ftaid behind to ne-
gotiate for them. And he applyed himfelf fo dextronfly in his necrotia-
•tion, that firft he endears himfelf to the Queen his Sifter, by caufinoher
Guards to be again reftored unto her , which had been taken fronn'her
at the time of the Murther. She on the other iide , to (liew how much
ilie valued the affedion of fo dear 3 Brother , was eafily intreated that
Morton, Lindefay, and the reft who remained at New-Caftle, fliould be per-
mitted to return •, but fo, that it ftiould rather feem to be done upon the
earneft follicitations of the Earls of Huntley and Arguile , then at his re-
queft. The King in the mean time finds his errour , and earneftlv fup-
plicates unto her for a reconcilement •, aflliring her, that he had never
fallen on that deiperate adion , but as he was forcibly thruft upon it by
Morton ^nd Murray. And that he might regain his reputation in the
fight of the people, he openly proteftcd his innocency atthe Crofs in
Edenhoro'Agh by found of Trumpet, and publickly averred, that his con-
fent had gone no further with the Murtherers , then for the recalling of
the banidied Lords which were fled into fz-^Az/i^. The youn-? Prfnce
was not fo well ftudied in the School of mifchief,as to have learned that
there
i66 . d)el^(fto>^offl)c^jc0li^ttmn0. Lib. v.
there is no fafetyin committing one a£tof wickednefs, but by proceed-
ing to another •, or at the leaft, by ftanding ftoutly unto that which was
fitft committed , that fo his confidence might in time be took for inno-
cency. A lelTon which the reft of the Confederates had took out long
fince and werenow upon the point to pradice it upon himfelf.
6. For by this piece of oftentation and impertinency, the King gain-
ed nothing on the people, and loft himfelf exceedingly araongft the
Peers • for as none of the common fort did believe him to be the more
innocent of the wicked murther,becaufe he waflied his hands of it in the
fioht of the multitude-, fo the great men which had the guiding of the
Faftion, difdained him as a weak and impotent perfon, not to be trufted
in affairs of his own concernment: nor did he edifie better with the
Queen, then he did with the Subjedl •, who was fo far from fuffering
any hearty reconciliation to be made between them , that ftic expreft
more favour unto Murray then in former times. Which fo exafperated
the negledted and forfaken Prince, that he refolved on (end\n% Murray
after Eifio-^ with which he makes the Queen acquainted , in hopes fhe
would approve of it as an excellent fervice ^ but (lie diffwades him from
the fad, and tells Murray of it -, knowing full well, that which foever of
the two mifcarried in it , flie fhould either loofe an hated Friend , or a
dangerous Enemy. Murray communicates the Aft'air with Morten, and
the reft of his Friends. By whom it is agreed , that they fliould take
into their FriendQiip the Earl of Bothrvd , a man of an audacious fpirit,
aptforanymlfchief- but otherwife of approved valour.and of a known
fidelity to the Queen in her greateft dangers. He had before fome
quarrels with the Earl o( Murray, ofwhofedefigns he was not diftruftful
without caufe •, and therefore laboured both by force and pradice , ei-
ther to make him lefs or nothing. But Murray was too hard for him at
the weapon of Wit, and was fo much too powerful for him , both in
Court and Confiftory, that he was forced to quit the Kingdom, and te-
t'lre to France. Returning at fuch time as Murray and the reft of the
Confederates were compelled to rake fandtuary at Nerv.cafile,\\G grew in-
to threat favour with the Queen , whofe difcontents againft the King he
knew how to nourifli ^ which made his friendfliip the more acceptable,
and his afliftance the more ufeful in the following Tragedy. Thus Hered
and Pilate are made friends , and the poor King muft fall apace ajfering
for their Redintegration.
7. But firft they would exped the ifl'ue of the Queens delivery, by the
fuccefs whereof, the principal confpirators were refolved to fteer their
courfe. On the 19 day oi jtily,^-\t is delivered of a Son in the Caftle of
BdenboroH<^h ^ to the general joy of all the Kingdom , and the particular
comfort of the chief Governours of Affa-.rs for the Congregation,
There was no more ufe now of a King or Queen , when God had given
them ayoun«J Prince to fit upon the Throne of his Fathers -,' in whofc
minority they might put themfelves into fuch a pofture , that he
Ihould never be able to aft much againft them when he came to age.
And now they deal with Bothrvd more effedually then before they did,
incouraoe him to remove the King by fome means or other , to feparate
himfelf1"rom his own Wife , (a Daughter of the Houfe of Huntley) and
Efpoufe the Queen. Let him but aft the firft part , as raoft proper fur
him.
Lib. V. " c^e f iftoiv of ti)t m^^tttmm^. i -gj
him , and they would eafily find a way to bring oii the faft. For the
pt-rformance whereof, auci to Itand to him in it agaiuft all the World "
they bound themfelves kverally and joyntly under Hand andStal. In
which moft wicked pradice they had all thefe ends : hrfl;the difpatch-
ing of the King 5 next, the confounding oi Bothrvd , whom they feared
and hated -, Thirdly, ih.- wfakniiig of the Queen both in power and
credit , and confequeiitly the drawing of all Affairs to their own difpo-
fing. Bothwcl in order to the plot makes ufe of LUir.gton to prompt the
Queen to Divorce , which he conceived might eafily be efFeded in the
Court of Rdm:-^ and is himielf as diligent upon all occdfionsto work
upon the Queens difpleafures , and make the breach wider betwixt her
and her Husband. The greatnefs of which breach was before fo vifi-
ble, that nothing was more commonly known, nor generally com-
plained of amongrt the people : But never was it made fo eminently-
notorious in the eye of Strangers , as attheChrillcningof the youna
Prince in December following. At which time flie would neither fuffe^
the Ambaffadorsof /■ni;!(re or England to give him a vifit, nor permit
him to flievv himfelf amongft them at the Chriftening Banquet. From
Stirling^ where the Prince was Chriftened, he departs for Glufcoi to find
fome comfort from his Father. To which place he was brouo-ht not
without much difficulty : for falling fick upon the way, it appeared
plainly by fome fymptoms that he had been poyfoaed,the terrible effeds
whereof he felt m all the parts of his body with unfpeakable torments :
But ftrength of Nature, Youth and Phyfick did fo work together, that
he began to be in a good way of recovery,to the great grief ol" thofe who
had laid the plot. Some other way mult: now be taken to effed the bu-
iinefs, and none more expedient then to pcrfwade the Queen to fee him to
flatter him with fome hopes of her former favour , and brinw him back
with her to Edu.horough • which was done accordingly. ^At Eden-
horourh he was lodged at a private houfe, on the outfide of the Town
(an h >ufe unfeemly for a King, as A^w^vconfefTeth) and therefore the
fitter for their purpofe : wliere, on the 9 oi February at night , the poor
Prince was ftrangled , his dead body laid in an Orchard near adjoyninc7,
with one of his Servants lying by it , whom they alfo murthered • and
the houfe moft ridiculouily blown up with powder,as if that blow could
have been given without mangling and breaking the two bodies in a
thoufand pieces.
8. The infamy of this horrid murther is generally cafl upon the
Queen, by the arts of thofe whom it concerned to make her odious with
all honeft men ^ nor did there want fome ffrong prdumptions which
might induce them to believe that ihe wasofthecounfel in the fad?
and with the good Brethren of the Congregation, every prefumption
wasaproof, and every weak proof was thought fufficient to convjd
her of it. But that which moft confirmed them in their fufpition , was
her affedion unto Bothml , whom Hi; firfl makes Duke oiorknaj , and
on the 1 5 oiMdj is m^arried to him in the Chappel 0^ Haljrood-\\o\xk-, ac-
cording to the furm obferved by thofe af the Congregation. Butagainft
thefe prefumptions there were (ironger evidences ; Botkvel bein'^ compel-
led not long after to flee into Denmark^, did there mofl conffantly profefs,
both living and dying, that the Qj^een was innocent. M<?rrw aihrmei the
fame
j^8 C^^e m^m oCtl^e f^je^b^tenanjs. Lib. v.
fame at his execution above twelve years after, relating that when
Bothwel dealt with him about the murther , and that he ihewed himfelf
unwillin^^ to confent unto it without the Qieens Warrant and Allow-
ance ^ Beihml made anfwer , that they muft not give themfdvesany
hope of that , but that the bufmefs muft be done without her privity.
But^that whichfeems to make moft for her juftification , was the con-
fefiion oi; Hefhoy.rnc^ Daglifl) , and others of Bothrvels fervants , who were
con emned for murdering the young King •, and being brought unto
the Gallows, they protefted before Ciod and his Holy Angels.that Both-
w/had never told them of any other Authors of fo lewd a counfel, but
only the two Earls q[ Morton and Murray, In the mean time the common
infamy prevailed, and none is made more guilty of it then this wretched
Queen, who had been drawn to give confent to her marriage with 5(7^^-
wel, by the foUicitation and advice of thofe very men, who afterwards
condemned her for it. In order to whofe ends Buchanm publiflies a moft
peftil'ent ani malicious Libel, which he called. The dufeBion.^ wherein he
publickly traduced-her for living an adulterous life with Dnwd Rifto^ and
afterward with Botlmel himfelf; that to precipitate her unlawOil marriage
with him, flie had contrived the death of the King her husband, projefted
a Divorce between Bothrvel and his former Wife, contrary to the Laws
both ot God and man. Which Libel being printed and difperfed abroad,
obtained fo much credit with moft forts of people, that few made quefti-
on of the truth of the accufations. Moft true it is, that Buchdtun is repor-
ted by Kinc ^ames himfelf to have confeffed with great grief at the time
of his death, howfalflyand injurioufly he had dealt with her in that
fcandalous Pamphlet: but this conftffion came too late, and was known
to few, and therefore proved too weak a remedy for the former mif-
chief.
9. He publiftied at the fame time alfo that feditious Pamphlet,
•vvhich he entitled, Dejure Beg ai ^pud Scot os. In which he laboureed to
make proof, that the Supreme power of the Scottip) Nation was in the
body of the people , no otherwife in the King but by delegation •, and
therefore that it was in the peoples power , not only to control an'd cen-
fure but alfo to depofe and condemn their Kings , if they found them
faulty. The man was learned for his time , but a better Poet then Hi-
ftorian, and yet a better Hiftorian then he was a Statefmaa. For be-
in«^ of the Gcnevim Leven, he fitted all his State-maximes unto Cahins
Principles, and may bethought in rainy points to out-go hisMafter.
Now in this Pamphlet we may find thefe Aphorifms laid down for un-
doubted truths, which no true Scot muft dare to qucftion, unlefshe would
be thought to betray his Countrey •, thatistofay, That the People is ht-
ttr then ~the King , and of greater Authority : That the people have right to bi-
(lorv the Crown at their plcafure : That the making of the Laws doth belong to
the People^ and Kings are hut Mafters of the Rolls -. That they have the f am
tower over the King , thM the King hath over any one man : That it were good
that rewards were appointed by thcpeop'e for fuch as fhouU killTyrants , as com-
monly there is for thofe that have killed either Wolves er Bears , or have taken
their Whelps : That the people may arraign their Princes ; that the Minijlers may
excommunicate the:r King ^ and that whofoever is by Excommunication cj^ 2nto
Mell) is m.ide thereby unrvorthy to live on Earth.
10. And
Lib. V. Cl)c^itfo?^oftt?e^je0l)ptei;tanj5. i^p
10. And that he might make lure work of it, he takes upon him to
reply upon all Objeiflions , which fober and more knowing men had
found out the conrrary. For whereas it had been objet^ted , That
c.ufiom was a^ainfl fucif dcalr/ig'^vith Princes : That Jeremiah commanded obe-
dience to Nebuchadnezzar: That CcdfUcedTjrants jometimcsfor punijhmem
of his people : That the 'jews dealt nut Jo with any of their Princes 5 and that
there was no example to be found in Scr.ptiire ^ to P^^w that fuhje^s ma) [0 ufe
their Governonrs, as is there pretended: To all thele he returns his part'Cu-
lar anfA'ers'-, and in this tort he anfwereth to thenT,that is to fay. That
there is nothing niore danger 01 s to be fbllowed thin a common cuflom : That the
example is hut fir/gnlar , and concludeth nothing : That as God placed Tyrants
ti> punifluhe people ^ jo he appoints private men to kill them: That the Kin^s
of the :fewsivere not elefhd by the people ^ ^i^d therefore might not deal with
thtr/i^ as they might in Scotland, where Kings depends wholly ontheteovles
Election : And finally, that there were fundry good and tvhslefome Laws in di'
vers Coiintriis, (f which there is no example tn Holy Scripture. And where-
as others had objeded , That by St. Pauls Doctrine we dre bound to pray fo,-
Kings and Princes: The Argument' is avaded by this handfome Ihift
That we arc bound to pray fur thofe whom We ought to pumf}). But thele are
only velications , certain preparatory sklrnulhes to the <?rand encoun-
ter •, the main battail followeth. For finally, the principal objcdion
is, Th^t St. Paul hath commanded every foul to befubjecf to the higher Powers'
and that St. Peter hath required ui to fubmit our fclves to every Ordinance of
fhan^ whether it be unto the King as to the Supreme., or untofuch as be in Jtitho-
rity by and under him. And hereunto they frame their Anfwer in fuch a
manner , as if they knew Gods mind better then the Apoftles did ot
that of the Apoftles better then they did themielves.
II.- The anfwer is, that the Apoltlcs writ this in the Churches infan-
cy,when there were not many Chriftians, few of them rich and of ability
to make refinance : As //(faith he)^ manjhould write to fuch drijlians as arc
m'^er thelmk., m (ubjlance poor ., in courage feeble, mjlrength unarmed ^ in
number few., and gener ally fubje£t unto a!l kind of injwies • would he not write
as the Apofiles did ? who did refpeci the me n they writ to , their words not he -
ingtobe extended to the body or people of tbe Commonwealth. For imagine
(faith he) that cither of the Apofiles were now alive ., and Lved where both
the Kings and 'People did prof fs Chrijliamty , andthdt there were fuch Kinoes
as would have their wills to (land for Laws ^ as cared neither for God nor
Mdn ; as bef owed the Ckurckes Revenues upon ^rflers and Rafcals , a.id fuch
as gibed at thofe who did prof efs the mor^ fine ere Religion; what would they
write of fuch to the church ? Surely except they wo ild diffent from themfelves.,
they would fiy ., That they accounted no fuch for A/.igiJl rates ; they would for-
bid all men from [peak mg unto them^andfrom keeping their company •, they would
. have them to the.r fubjecJs to be pun.jhed •, nor w^uldthey blame them if they
accounted not fuch men for their Kings , with whom they could have nofociety
by the Laws of God. So excellent a proficient did this man Ihew himfelf
in the Schools of C?/"j;« , thnt he might worthily have challenc^ed the
place of Divinity Reader in Geneva it felf
1 2. To put thele Principles into praftice, a Bond is made at Stirl'm'^
by fomeof the chief Lords of the Congregation,pretended for theprefer
2. vation
170
Cl^e l^tfloj^ of tlje t&ie0t>ttenan0. Lib. v.
vation of the Infant-Prince -, but aiming alio at the punilhment of Both-
l and the reft of the Murtherets. The fir ft that entered into this
Combination, v^^xe: xht^^^\^ of ^thol.Argmle, Morton, Mane and Glen-
Urne with the Lords LirJfay and Bojd ; to which were added not long
after' the Lords H^wf and ^«?^f« , {t\\\s Riithen being the Son of him
who had afted in the Murther of Duvid Rtfio) together with the Lairds
o{ DrumUnri^i Tulthrdm, Sepurd , a.nd Grafige , men of great power
and influence^ on their fcveral Countries -, befidcs many others of good
note The B^rl J^furray having laid the plot, obtained the Queens
leave to retire into France till the times were quieter , committing to
the Government of his whole Eftate •, that fo if his diiign mifcarried,as
itooffiblv might, he might come off without the leafl hazard of eftate
or honour Of this conlpiracy the Queen receives advertifement , and
prtfently prepares for Arms, under pretence of rediLfying fome abufes
bout the Borders. The Confederates were not much behind; and
having eot together a confiderable power , made an attempt en Bcrth-
tvick Caftle where the Queen and Bothwd then remained. But notbe-
inc ftrong enough to -cany the place at the firft attempt, if^r^n'f/efcaped
unto Vunkir , whom the Queen followed fliortly after in mans apparel.
Miflin^^ their prey, the Confederates march toward Fde^kroiigh with
their ifttle Army, and make themfelvesMafters of the Town. But un-
derftahdin^ that the Queens Forces were upon their March,they betook
themfelves unto the Field , gained the advantage of the ground , aid
thereby "ave her fuch a diffidence of her good fuccefs , that having en-
tertained them with a long parley , till Bcthrvelwas gone cffin fafecy,
{lie put her felf into their hands without ftnking abLw.
12 With this great prey the Confederates returned to Edcnhorough
in tlie middle of ^^twc •, and the next day order her to be fcnt as Prilo-
ner to Lochlevin houit , under the condu(5b of the Lords Jiutk>i and
Lwdfay , by whom flie was delivered in a very plain and ferry attire to
the cuftody of 3/«rr4/s Mother , who domineered over the unfortunate
Lady with contempt enough. The next day after her commitment, the
Earl of Glencarft^ziTtthtoihc Chappel in Halyioedhonk , where he
defacethalltheVeftments, breaks down the Altar, and deftroys the
Imac^es. For which though he was highly magnified by Kncx , and the
reft ^of* the Preachers-, yet many of the chief Confederatts were of-
fended at it , as being done without their confent , when a great ftorm
was oathering towards them, by the conjundion of fomeother of the
princfpal Lords onthe Queens behalf. To reconcile this party to thera,
and prevent the Rupture , I^mx with fome other of their Preachers are
difpatched away with Letters of Credence , and inftrudions for atton-
if\o the difference. But they effedted nothing to the benefit of them
that fent them, and not much neither to their own, though they had
fome concernments of felf- intereft befidesthe publick, which they made
tender of to their confiderations. A general AlTembly at the fame rime
was held in Edcnhorough, with which upon the coming backofthefe
Commiflloners , it was thought necefTary to ingratiate themfelves by
all means imaginable. And thereupon it was agreed , that the Adls ot
Parliament made in the year 1560, for the fupprefling of Popery ,(bouId
be
Lib. V. Ci^eH^tftosroftl^^ieiKfttterianjSf. ;r7i
be confirmed in the next Parliament then follewing 5 that the affiona-
donofthe Shires for the Minifters maintainance j (hould be duly put
irt execution , till the whole Patrimony of the Church might be invtsft--
ed in them in due form of Law 5 which was conditioned to be done (if
it could not be done fooner) in that Parliameint alfo. Sortie other point of
huge concernment to the Churcli were then alfo moved ; but they were
only promifed , without ajiy pefformance. , It was alfo then agreed
betw<;en them,that all Noblemen, Barons, and other Profelfors (hould
iraploy their whole Forces, Strength and Power , for the puniKliment of
all and whatforver perfons that fliould be tryed and found guilty of that
horrible Murther of late committed on the King: And further, that all
the Kings and Princes which ihould fucceed in following times to the
Crown of that Realm , Ihould be bound by Oath before their Inauga-
ration , to maintain the true Religion of Chrift, profefsed then pre-
fently in that King Jom. Thus the Confederates and the Kirk are u-
nited together 5 and hard it is to fay, whether of the two were leaftexe-
cufable before God and Man. But they followed the light of their
own principles, and thought that an excufe fufficient, without fear of
either.
14. The news of thefe proceedings alarms all Chriftendom, and pre-
fently Ambafsadors are difpatched from Jr^wf and England to mediate
with the Confederates (they muft not be called Rebels) for the Queens
Delivery. Thregmorton for the Queen oi EngUtjd prefseth hard upon it,
and fliewed hirafelf exceeding earneft and induftrious inpurfuance of
it. But Knox and felf-interelt prevailed moreamongft them , then all
interctflions whatfoever, there being nothing more infifted upon be
that fiery fpirit , then that ihe was to be deprived of her Authority
and Life together. And this he thundred from the Pulpit with as ^reac
a confidence , as if he had received his Dodrine at Mount Sinai from
the hands of God, at thegiving of the Law to J\/<7/fy. Nor was Threg-
mortm thought to be Zealous on the other iide , as he outwardly feem-
ed. For he well knew how much it might concern his Queen in her
perfonal fafety , and the whole Realm of England in its peace and Kap-
pinefs, that the poor Queen (hould be continued in the fame (or a worfe)
condition, to which thefe wretched men had brought her. And there-
fore it was much fufpefted by moft knowing men , that fecretly he did
more thruft on her deprivation with one hand, that he feemed to hin-
der it with both. Wherewith incouraged, or otherwife beins too far
gone to retire with fafety , Lindfuy and Ruthen are difpatched to Lochle-
a'/«-houfe, to move her for a relignation of the Crown to her Infant-
Son. Which when (he would by no means yeild to , a Letter Is fent to
her from Tregmorton to perfwade her to it 5 alfuring her, that whatfo-
ever was done by her under that con(traint, would be void in Law. This
fir(t began to work her to that refolution. But nothing more prevail-
ed upon her , then the rough carriage of the two Lords which firft
made the motion. By whom (he was threatned in plain terms, that if
(lie did not forthwith yeild unto thedefires of her people, they would
queftion her for incontinent living, the murther oftheKing, her tyran-
ny, and the manifeft violation of the Lawsof the Land, infomefecrec
tranfadionswiththe J^w/c^. Terrified wherewith,without fo much as
2. 2 reading
i-jz Ci)e^ifto?toft]^ej^jej!lirterfan0. Lib. v.
reading what they offered to her , {he fets hir hand to three feveral In-
ftruments-. In thefirft of which , flie gave over the Kingdom to her
vouna Son, at that time little more then a twelve Month old • in the fe-
cond ihe c'onftitttted Murray Vice- Roy during his minority • and in the
third* in cafe that Murray ^Q\x\^ refuleit, (lie fubfticutes the Duke i/^-
wltori the Earls ofZ-fW-x", Argttile, Jtholy Morton, Gkncame and Murret,
all but the tw^ firft being fworn Servants unto Murray , and the two firft
made ufe of only to difcharge the matter.
1?. Thus furnifhea an impowcred , the Lords return in triumph to
their fellows at Edcnhorough , with the found of a Trumpet •, and pre-
fently it was refolved to Crown the Infant-King with as much fpeed as
mi<»ht be, for fear of all fuch alterations as might otherwife happen.
And thertunto they fpurred on with fuch precipitation , that whereas
thev exhorted thofe fubfcripcions from her on St. ^C^w^f/s day , being
the 25 of 3f«/;, the Coronation was difpatehed on the 29. The Sermon,,
-for the greater grace of the matter, muft be Preached by /r/«i>x'', but
the Superditious part and Ceremony of it was left to be performed by
the Bifhopof Orkriay ^ another of the natural Sons of James the Fifth,
aflifted by two Superintendents of the Congregation. And that ail
things mi^ht come as near as might be to the Ancient Forms , the Earl
of Morton0.nd the Lord Humes took Oath for the King > that he Hiould
maintain the Religion which was then received, and minifter Juftice
equally to all the Subjects. Of which particular the King made after-
wards an efpecialufe, in juftifying the ufe of God-fathers and God-mo-
thers at the Baptizing of Infants, when it was queftioied in the Con-
ference at Hamftod'Court. Scarce fifteen days were part from the Co-
ronation when Murray fhewed himfelf in Scotland , as if he had dropt
down from Heaven for the good of the Nation 5 but he had took Eng-
land \n his way , and made himfelf fo lure a party in that Court, that
he was neither affraid to accept the Regencie in fuch a dangerous point
of time , nor to expoftulate bitterly with hisown Queen for her former
adions : not now the fame man as before in the time of her glories. For
the firft handfelling of his Government,he calls a Parliament,and there-
in ratifies the Adts of 1 560 for fupprefling Popery , as had been promi-
fed to the laft general Affembly •, and then proceeds to the Arraignment
q{ Hetbourne^ //-rfj, and Drff////) for the horrible murtherof the King : by
each of which it was confefled at their execution , that Botlmelvizs pre-
fent at the murther, and that he had afsured them at their firft ingaging
that moft of the Noble-men in the Realm (Murray and flJorton amongft
others) were confenting to if.
16. And now or never muft the Kirk begin to bear up bravely : In
which if they fhould fail, let iT/^oAr bear the blame for want of well-
tutorin<^ them in the Catechifm of their own Authority. They found
themfeWes fo necefsary to this new Eftablifhment, that it could not well
fubfift without them •, and they refolved to make the proudeft he that
was, to feel the dint of their fpirit. A general Afsemblywas con-
vented not long after the ParliameBt,by which the Billiop of Orknayw^^
convcnted and depofed from his Fun<aion,for joyning the Queen in Mar-
riage to the Earl of Bothvcl , though he proceeded by the Form of their
own devifing. And by the fame the Countefs of Arguile v/as ordained
(after
Lib. v;. Cl^c (^tftoiv of tije ^mi>^tzmnfi. 175
' I IM I «■ - TTf-'*'^'"" ' - ' 1. ■ — ■--—■■
(after citation on their part, and appearance on hers) to give fatisfadli-
onto the Kirk, for being prefent at the Baptifm of the Infant-Kino- be-
caufe performed according to the Rites of the Church of ifowue-T the
fatisfadtion to be made in Stirling where flie had offended, upon a Sun-
day after Sermon •, the more particular time and manner of it, to be
prefcribed by the Superintendent of Lothian. And this was pretty hand-
fome for the firft beginniag, according whereunto it was thouf^ht iiz
by the Chief Leaders to run on till they came to the end of the Race •
of which general King 5f<iw?fi hath given us this defcription in a De-
claration of his publiflied not long after the furprifing of his perfon
by the Earl o^Gomj 15 82, where we finde it thus: The Bifliops having
imbraced the Go'.pd, it was at firft agreed even by the Brethren, with
the confent of Regent, that the Bifhofs efiatefhouldk mmntatned and autho-
rized. Thisenduredfor fundry years 5 but then there was no remedy,
the Calling it felf of Bijlnfs was at leaft become Am Chrifiian, and
down they muft of neceisity: whereupon they commanded the Bi/hcps (hy
their own Authority) to leave their offices and ^urifdiifiori. They decreed
in their Airtmblits, Thkt Bi(l)ops Jhould ha've no vote in Parliament- and
that done, they defired^ of tlie King that fuch Coiitmifsioners as' they
thould fend to the Parliament and Council, might frorti fhencefojth
be authorized in the B!lhop< places for the Eftate. They alfddire^ed their
Co79!siiiffio>ters to the Kings Majejly., commanding; him and the Council
under pain of the Cenfures of the Church (Excommunication they
meant) toaf>po;ntno Btfhops mtime tocome, hccauje they (the Brethren) had
concluded that State to be tmlarrful. And tliat it might appear to thofe of
the fuffering party, that they had not aded all rhefe things without betr-
ter Authority t!ien what they had given unto themfdves, they difpat-
ched their Letters anto Bez,a^ who had fucceeded at Geneva ia the Chair
of Calvm •, from whence they were encouraged and perfwaded to ^^o on
in thatcourfe, and (4) never readmit that plague (he means thereby the
Bilhops) to have place in that Church, although it might flatter them ^^^ ''''■"''
with a (hew of retaining unity. ' j"^^l^ ^^j*''
17. But all this was not done at once, though laid here topether • to '"'"""b
lliew how anfwerable their proceedings were to their firft beginnin*^^. ST» wV
Tocool which heats, and put fome Water in their Wine, the Queen """^'^ '^^"'
by praftifing on her Keepers efcapes the Prifon, and puts her felf into f ''^9!""'-
Hamilton Caftle •, to which not only the dependants of that powerful
Family, but many great Lords, and divers others, did with great cheer-
fulnefs repair unto her Avith their feveral followers. Earl Murray was
at Stirling when this news came to him •, and it concerned him to beftir
himfelf with all celerity, before the Qieens power was grown too threat
tobedifputed. He therefore calls together fuch of his Friends and ^heir ^
adherents as were near unto him, and with them qives battail to the
Queen, who in this little time had got together a fmall Army^^ooo men.
The honour of the day attends the Regent, who with the lofs of one
man only bought an eafie Vidory ; which might have proved more
bioudy to the conquered Army, (for they loft but three hundred in the
fight) if he had not commanded backhisSouldicrs from the executi-
on. TheQ^eenwas placed upon a Hill to behold the batrail. But when
flie favv the iflue of it, (he ported with all fpeed to the Port oi Kerhiglt.,
rook'
174
%\^t ^tftojt Of tl^c ^je0bttcrian0. Lib. v .
took Ship for Enghnd^ and landed molt fortunately (as it after pro-
ved) at Wickington in the County of Cumberland. From thence flie dif-
patched her Letters to (lueen Elizabeth^ full of Complaints, and paflioa-
ate bewailinf^s of her wretched fortune ^ deiires admittance toherpre-
fence and that (he might be taken into her protedion •, fending withal
a Ring which that Queen had given her, to be anevcrlafting token of
thatlove and amity which was to be maintained between them. But
{he foon found how miferably flic had deceived her felf in her Expe-
ctations. Jiftfrr^?)' was grown too ftrong for her in the'.Courtcf £»^-
Und' and others which regarded little what became of him, were glad
of her misfortunes in relation to their own fecurity •, which could not
better' be confulted, then by keeping a good Guard upon her, now they
had her there. And fo initead of fending for her to the Court, the
Queen ojves order by Sir Fmncis KnoUis (whom flie fent of purpofe) to
remove the diftreffed Lady to Carltjle^ as the fafer place, untill the equi-
ty of her caufe might be fully known. She hath now took poflfelTion of
the Realm which Ihe had laid claim to, but iliall pay dearly for the pur-
chafe 5 the Crown whereof fliall come at laft to her Poftericy, though it
did not fall upon her perfon.
i8. Now that the equity of her caufe might be underftood, the Re-
gent is required by Letters from the Court of EngUt?d to defift from
any further profecutioh of the vanquillied party, till that Queen were
perfectly informed in all particulars touching theie Affairs. Which
notwithftanding, he thought fit to make ufe of his Fortune, fummoned
a Parliament, in which fome few of each fort, noble and ignoble, were
profcribed for the prefent ^ by the terrour whereof many of the reft
fubmitted, and they which would not were reduced by f ^rce of Arms.
Elizabeth not well pleafed with thefe proceedings, requires that forae
Commiffioners might be fent from ScotUnd to render an account to
her or to her Commiffioners, of the feverity and hard dealing which
they had iliewed unto their Queen. And hereunto he was neceffitated
to conform, as the cafe then flood : The Prfw^ being totally raadea-
<yainft him, the Spaniards more difpleafed then they, and no help to be
had from any, but the E/^liJh only. At Tork Commiflioners attend
from each part in the end of 5f/'^fw^fr. From Queen Elizabeth, Tho-
mas Duke o^Norfolky Themas Earl o( Su[[ex, and Sir Ralph Sadlier Chan-
ceUok- of the Dmchy o( Lafscajler. For the unfortunate Queen oiScots^
^sh/i E€jly Biftiop of Rofs, the Lords Lcvington, Loyd^ &c. And for the
Infant-Kingjbeiidesthe Regent himfclf, there appeared the Earl of
Morton^ the Lord i^f«^^, and certain others. After fuch protellations
made on both fides as feemed expedient for preferving the Authority of
the fever:'. 1 Crowns, an Oath is took by the Commiffioners to proceed
iaihe buimefs according to theRulesofJuflice and Equity. The Com-
miffioners from the Infant- King prefent a Declaration of their proceed-
ings in the former troubles • to which an anfwer is returned by thofe of
the other fide. Elizabeth At^inno tobe betterfatisfied in fome partl-
' culars, requires the Commiffioners of both fides, fome of them at the
leafl, to repair unto her ^ where after much fending and proving (as the
faying is) there was nothing done which might redound unto the bene-
fit of the Queen of Scots.
1$, For
Lib. V. 'Wi)t i^ifto^i^ Of tt)t ^m^ttztim?.
19. Forwhilft thefc matters were In agitation in the Coon of £»§•-
Lindy Letters of hers were intercepted, written by her to thole which
Continued of her party in the Rcahii of Scotland. In which Letters fhe
complained, that the ^een of Enghnd had not kept p/omife mth her • but
yet defiredthem to he of good hearty becaitfejhe was ajiured of atd i>y [ome\ther
mans^ and hoped tobc rvith them in afhort time. Which Letters bein<s firlt
fent to Murray^ and by him fhewcd to Qjeen Elizabeth^ prevailed fo
mach for his advantage, that he was not only difmifled with favour
but.waitedonby her command through every County by the Sheriffs
and Gentry, till he came to Berwick • from whence he pafTed Jafely
unto LdenhoroHgh^ where he was welcomed with great joy by his Friends
and Followers. Nothing elfe memorable in this Treaty which con-
cerns our Hiftory, but that when Murray z^A rh; reft of th:; Scots Coin-
miflTi Miers were commanded by Qneen Elizabeth to give a reafon of their
proceedings againft that Queen, theyjuftihed themfclves by the Au-
thority s.'i Calvin: by whicn they did endeavour tO prove, (as my Au-
thor hat!f ir) Th^tthe Popular Magiftrates are appointed and made tomo-
deratc^ and keep in order, the cxcefs and nnrulinefs of Kings ^ and that it was
lawful for them to put the Kmgs^ that the cvii and wicked, into prifon^ and al-
fo to dc^ri-ve them of th ir Kingdoms. Which Docflrine, how it reli/hed-
with Q^t^n Elizabeth, may be judged by any that knows with what a
Soveraign power thedifpofed of all things in her own Dominions, with-
out fear of rendring an a:ccount tofuch Popular Magiftrates, as Cal-
vins Djdrine might encourage to require it of her. But Cahin found
more Friends in Scotland, then in all the world 5 there being no King-
dom, Principality, lt other Eftate, which had therein followed Cal-
•vins Dodrine, in the impriroiiing,depoling, a:nd expelling their own na-
tural Prince, till the Scots firft led the way unto it in this fad Ex-
ample.
20 Between thelaft Pailiament in .Jfof/W, and the Regents jour-
ney \i\x.oEngla:jd, a general Aflembly of the Kirk was held at Edenbo-
rough. In which they entred into conlideration of fome difordcrs which
had before been tolerated in the faiJ Alfembly, and were thou^hr fit
to be redreff'ed. For remedy whereof, it was enacted, That nonejhould
be admitted to have voice inthefe ylf^emblies, but Superintendents., Fifiters of
churches, Ctmmijjioncrs of shires andUniverfities; together with fuch other
jyiniJlers.,to be ek^ed or approved by the Superintendents, as were of know-
ledge and ability to difpute and reafon of fuch Matters as were there propoun-
ded. It was ordained alfo, That all Papifts n>hich continued obftinatc after
lawful ad/no>iitio/i,fl)CHldbc Excommunicated ^ as alfo, that the committers of
liurther, Incefl, Adultery., and othsr fuch hainoM crimes, [hould not be admitted
to make fatisft^ion by any particular church, till they did frjl appear in the ha-
bit of penitents before the general Ajjembly, and there receive their Order in it.
It was alfo condeTcendedto, upon the humble Supplication of the Bi-
ftiopoF Or^/z^-.that heftiould be reftored unto his place, from which
they had depofed him, for his afting in the Qaeens Marriage : Which
favour they were p'.eafed to extend unto him, upon this condition,That
forremovingof the fcanJal, lie fliould in his firft Sermon acknowledge
the fault which h; had committed ; and crave pardon of God, the
Kirk, andtheState, whom he had offended. Bur rlieir main biifinefs
175
was
1^6 Ci^e f iftojt oTt^e pxt^tfttxim^. Lib. v.
was to alter the Book of Difcipline, erpecially in that part of it which
related to the Superintendents, whom though they cr.untenanced for the'
piefent by the former Sandion, till they had puttTiemfel'ves in a better
pofture -, yet they refolveto bring them by degrees to a lower Itation,
andto lay them level withthereft. In reference whereunto, the Re-
cent is follicited by their Petition, that certain Lords offecret Coarrcil
mi^^htbe appointed to confer with fome of the faid Aflcmbly, Tou'-
chinc^ the Polity and Jurifdic^i-onof the Kirk, and to alTign fome rime
and- place to that eflfed, that it might be done before the next SeflTion
of -Parliament. To which Petition they received no anfwer, tiU the
3?«/)f following : But there came no great matter of it,by reafon of the
Regents death, which foon after hapned.
-f-^i. For fo it was, that after his return from England^ he became
mok feared by feme, and obeyed by others^ then he had been formerly ^
which made him ftandmore highly upon terms of Honor and Advan-'
tat^e, when Queen ^fc/i^f//' had propounded fome Conditions to^ him
in favour of the Queen of Scots-, whofecaufe appearing defperatein'the
eyes of moft who wiflied well to her, they 1 iboured to make their own
peace, and procure his Friendl^ip. D\xkt H.milton^ amongfl: the refi:,
negotiated for a Reccncikment, and came to EJenhoriiighi.:i thatpur-
pofe •, but unadvifedlyinterpoiing fome delays in thebuliaefs, becaufe
he would not adt apart from the reft of ths Queens Adlierents, he was
fent Prifonerto theCaftle. This puts the whole Clan of the Hamil-
tons into fuchdifpleafures (being othervvife no good friends to the Race
of the Stewarts) that they refolved upon his death •, compafTed not long
after by ^ames Hamilton ^\v\\ok life he had fpared once when he had
it in his power. At Lithgoe, on the 23 of ^anitarj:, he was fliot by
this Hamiltcninto thebelly •, of which wound hedyed, the Murthe-
rer efcaping fafelyinto Trance. His death much forrowed for by all
that were affeded to the Infant- King, of whom he had iliewtd himfelf
to be very tender ; which might have wiped away the imputation ofhis
former afpirings, if the Kings death could have opened his way unto
the Crown, before he had made fure of the Ham'd'ons., who pretended
to it. But none did more lament his death, then his Friends of the Kirk,
who in a General Aflembly Avhich they held foon after, decreed, That
the Murthcrer \houldb: Exconunumcatedw all the chief Boroughs of the Realm-^
and, That rvhofoever elfc (jmild happen to be tfterwards convicted of the
Crime., fhould be proceeded againfl in the fame fort alfo. And yet t!iey were
not fo intent upon the prol'ecution of the Murtherers, asnotto be care-
Yalof themfelves and their own Concernments. They had before
addrefled their defires unto the Regent, that remedy might be provi-
ded aoainft chopping and changing of Benefices.diminution of Rentals,
and fettingof Tythes into long Leafts, to the defrauding of Minifters:
and their- Succeffors •, That they whopoflTeiTed pkiralicies of Benefices,
iliould leave all but one 5 and, That the Jurifdidtion of the Kirk, might
be made feparate anddiftindfromthat of the Civil Courts. But now
they take the benefit of the prefent diftradions, to difcharge the thirds
afsigned unto them from all other Incumbrances then the payinent of
Five thoufand Marks yearly for the Kings fupport •, which being re-
duced to Englifli mony, would not amount untothe fum of 300 pound-
and
Lib. V. ct)e ]^(ftojr of t^e ^ttabi^ttmm' i jj
and feems to be no better then the flicking up a feather {in the sclent
By- word) when the Goofcwas ftollen.
4a. As touching the diftradions which emboldened them to this Ad~
venture,they did raoft miferably afflidt the whole State of that Kingdom.
The Queen of Scots had granted a Commilfion to T>\ik&HamiltoH , the
Earls of tturitlcj and Arguilc , to govern that Realm in her Name , and
by her Authority •, in which they were oppofed by thofe , who for their
own fecurity, more then any thing elfe, profefsed their obedience to the
King. Great fpoils and rapines hei'eupon enfued upon either fide 5 but
the Kings party had the worft -, as having neither hands enough to make
good their intereft,ncr any head to order and dired thofe few hands they
had. At lafl the Earl of 5«/fx, with fome Sduldiers, came toward the
borders , fupplied them with fuch Forces as enabled them to drive the
Lords of the Queens Fadion out of all the South -, and thereby gave
them fome encouragement to nominate the old Earl of Lenox for their
Lord-Lieutenant , till the Queens pleafure it might be further known.
And in this Broyl the Kirk muft needs ad fomewhat alfo : For finding
that their party was too weak to compel their Oppofites to obedience by
the Mouth of the Sword , they are refolved to try what they can do by
the Sword of the Mouth : And t j that end,they fend their Agents to the
Duke of ChaJieau-Hardld-y the Earls of ^rg-w/f, Bglmglon^ Cafe/sand
Crauford, the Lords Boyde and OgUby^ and others. Barons and Gentlemen
of name and quality •, whom they require to return to the Kin^s obe-
dience, and ordain Certification to be made unto them , that if they did
otherwife , the Spiritual Sword of Excommunication (hould be drawn
againft them. By which, though they efFeded nothing which advanced
the caufe , yet they flieWed their affedibns , and openly declared there-
by to which fide they inclined, if they were left unto themfelves. And
for a further evidence of their inclinations, they were fo temperate at that
time, or fo obfequious to the Lords , whofe caufe they favoured , that
they defifted from cenfuring a feditious Sermon, upon an Intimation fent
from the Lords of the Council , that the Sermon contained fome mat-
ter]of Treafon, and therefore that the Cognizandeof it belonged unto
themfelves and the Secular Judges.
23. The Confufions ilill encreafe amongfl: them -, the Queen of E«^- rr-o
/4;?^ feeming to intend nothing more, then to balance the one fide by
the other, that betwixt both fhe might preferve her felf in ^fafety. But
in the end Ihe yields unto the importunity of thofe who appeared in fa-
vour of the King, afsures them of her aid and fuccours when their needs
required, and recommends the Earl of Lenox as thefitteftman to take
the Regency upon him. The Breach now widens more then ever : The
Lordscommiillonatedby theQu^een are p.ofseft of Edenhbroitak^ and ha-
ving the Caftle to their Friend, call a Parliament thither, as the new
Regent doth the like at Stirling-^ and each pretends to have prehemi-
nence above the other. TheonCjbecaufe itwas afsembled, in the Regal
City: the other,becaufe they had the Kings Perfon for their countenance
in ir. Nothing more memorable in that at Edcnbor. then that the Queens
extorted Refignation was declared »«//and void in Law, and nothing fo
remarkable in the other,as that the young King made a fpeech unto them
(which had been put into his mouth) at their firft fettinj^ down. In each
A a " thcv
{^ § %-^t K^iftoM? of iX^z ^:esil3?tevian0. Lib. y .
they forfeit the Eftates of theoppofite party, and by An'thority of each,
deftroy the Countrey in all places in an huftile manner. The Minifters
had their parts alto in thefe common lufferings-jCompelled in all fuch pla-
ces where the Queen prevailed, to recommend her in their Prayers by
her "Name or Titles, or oiherwife to leave the Pulpit unto fuch as
would. In all tilings elfe the Kirk had the felicity to remain in quiet; care
1571- beinc taken by boTh parties for the Prefervation of Religion, though in
all other things, at an extream difference amongft themfelves. But the
new Regent did not long enjoy his Office , of which he reaped no fruit,
but cares and forrows. A fudden Enterprize is made on Sttr/iKghy one
of the Hamiltons^ on the third of Seftemtcr, at what time both the Par-
liament and Affembly were there convened : Andhe luccceded fo well
in it, as to be brought privately into the 1 own', to feize on all the No^
blemen in their feveral Lodgings, and amongft o[hers, to poflefs them-
felves of the Regents perfon: But being forced to leave the place, and
quittheir Prifoners, theRegentwas unfortunately kill'd by one of //<?-
wi//(>«5 Souldiers, together with the Gentleman himfelf unto whom he
had yeilded. The Earl oiMarre is on the fifth of the fame moneth prc-
claimed his Succeffor : His Succeffor indeed, not only, in his cares and
forrows,but in the fhortnefs of his Rule •, for having in vain attempted
Edcnborough in the very beginning of his Regency, he was able to tlfett
as little in moft places elfe, more then the wafting of the Conntry, as he
did Ederibsreugh.
24. The Subjedbs in the mean time were in ill conditifon, and the King
worfe: They had already drawn their Swords againft their Queen, firtt
forced her to I'efign the Crown, and afterwards drove her out of ilie
Kin^^dom. And now it is high tipne to let the young ICing know what
he was to truft to^ to which end, they command apiece of Silver of the
value of Five fliillings to be coyntd and made currant in that Kingdom;
on the one fide whereof was the Arms of Scotland, with the Name and
Title of the King, in the ufual manner •, on the other fide, was flam.ped -
an Armed hand, grafping a nak^d Sword, with this Infcription ; i-'k- Si
bene^fro me^Jimale^ contra me : By, which the people were informed, that
if the King fhould govern them no otherwife then he ought to do, they
fliouldthenufe the Sword for his prefervatron*, but ifhegovernedthem
amifs,andtranfgrefred their LawSjthey fliould then turn the point againft
him. Which words being faid to have been ufed by the Emperor Tra-
J4n, in his delivering of the Sword unto one of his Courtier?, vfhen he
made him Captain of his Guard, have fince been ufed by fome of our
Presbyterian Zealots, for juftifying the Authority of inferior Officers, in
cenfuring the anions, and punifliing the perfons of the Supreme Magiy
flraite. ft was m fhe year 15 j,2, that this learned piece of Coyn was min-
ted, but whether before or after the death of the Earl o( Mane^ I am
not' able to lay : for he having butillfuccefsinthe courfeof his Govern^
ment,; conrraded fuch a grief of heart, that he departed this life 6n the
eighth oioBober^ when he had held that Office a little- more then a year;
followed about feven weeks after, by that great Incendiary 'jchn Knox^
who dyed at Edenbor. on the 27 oi Nov. leaving the State imbroyled in
thofe diforders, which by his fire and fury had been firfl occafioned.
aj. Morton fucceeds the Earl of Marre 'n\ this broken Government,
when
Lib. V. -Qbtie "^i^m of tl^e ^ttfSb^tmam ijp
\vhen the affairs of the yoUng King feeraed to be z'i the \forfe • but hi
had fo good fortune in it, as by degrees to fettle the whole Realm' iii
fome Form of peace : He underftood fo well the efiate of the Country^,
as to afsure himfelf, that til! the Cartle of Edenhorough was' brouorht 'un-
der his power, he fliould never be able to fupprels -that party, whdfe
ftubborn ftanding out (as it was interpreted) did fo offend the Qjeen' of
England^ that {lie gave order unt J Dmrj^ then Marlbal oi Bcrrvick^' t6 *57J»
pals with fome confiderable Forces inti) Scotland ■k)i^h:\% prcfentaffi-^
ftance. With thefe Auxiliaries he lays fiege to the, Gaftje, battering
It,, and reduceth it to fuch extremity, that they were csmpelled to yield
to mercy. Of which, though many of them tafted, yetbrange hhVifeifi
who firftbr laft had held theplact againft allthe four Regents, together
with one of his Brothers, and two Goldfmiths of Edmborough^ were han-
ged at theMarket-Crofs of that City. By which lurrender oftheCa^
ftle, the Queens Fadion was fo broke in pieces, that it was never able
to make head again ^ all of them labouring to procure their own peace 1574
by fome Composition* For now the Regent being at leifure to enquire
after the mifcarriages of the years preceding, he fends' his ^u^ices in
S^'re into all parts of the Countrey, who exercifed their Commiffioiis
with futficient Rigour •, people of all forts being forced to compound^
and redeem themfelves, by paying fach fams of money as by thefe Ju-
ftices were impofed. Some of the Merchants alfo we^e called in que-
ftion, under colour of Tranfporting Coyn •, fined in great funis, or elfe
committed to the Caftle of ,S/rff^»f//, till they gave fatisfadion. By
which proceedings he incurred the cenfure of a covetous man, though he
had other ends in it then his own enriching. For by thefe ricrorous ex-
adions, he did not only punilb fuch as had been mofta(flive in the late
difterapers, but terrified them from the like attemptsagainft theprcfent
Govtrnment for the times enfuing. To fuch Confu/ions and Difor-
. dcrs, fuch miferable Rapines, Spoils and Devaflarions, fuch horrible
Murthers and Affaffmates, was this poar Realm expofed for feven years
together, by following the Cfwex-^w Doftrines of Difjbedience which
JCwoxhad preached and ^tfr^4«d« in his Seditious Pamphlets had difper-
fed amongft them. Not to fay any thing of that indeleable reproach
and infamy, which the whole Nation haci incurred in the eye of Chri-
ftendom, for their barbarous dealings towards a Queen, who had fo oxz-
cicufly indulged unto them the exercifeof that Religion which ilie found
amongft them, without difturbance unto any.
26. Which matters being thus laid together, we rfiuft proceed to fuch
affairs as concern the Kirk, abftradted from the troubles and commoti-
ons in the Civil State. In reference whereunto, we may pleafe to know,
that after divers SolUcitations madeby former Affemblies, forfetlitic a'
Polity in the Church, certain Commiflioners were appointed to advize
upon it. The Earl o( Murre then Regent, nominated for the Lords of the;
Council, the Earl o'i Morton Chancellor, the Lord Rutha Treafurer,the
Titu'ar Abbot of D««2/fr/w_^ principal Secretary of Efiate in the place of
Xf^/;?^/(7«,iVf.if^^/7 chief Regifler, 5aiS^eWf« the then Juftice Clerk, ahd
Colcn Camfhd of C-lcnarclij. The AfTembly then fitting at Lelth^ named
for the Kirk, ^oh.-, Ereskin of Dm Superintendent of Afigas, ^ohn Win-
ram^ Superintendent of /'{/e, AnJrerv Hay Commi&)ntz oi cUdifdaU,
Aaz Divid-
jgo ^¥ "t^iftm of t^e ?&je0t)|terian0. Lib. v.
David Lindefay CommiQioneT of the Weft, Rohert Pont Commiffioner of
Orkmy^ and Mr. ^ohn Cratge one dF the Minifters of Edtdorough. The
Scots were then under feme neceflicy of holding fair quarter with the
- En<yli(b-, and therefore to conform (as near as conveniently they might)
to the Government of it in the outward Polity of the Church. Upon
■yvrhich reafun, and the prevalency of the Court-Commiflioners, thofe
of the Kirk did condefcend unto rhefe Conclufions- and condtfcended
the more eafily, becaufe Knox was abfent, detained by licknefs from at-
tending any publick bufinefs. Nowthefe Conclufions were as followeth;
I. ihat the Archbifhopricks and Sifhoprich prefently veid, or fhould happen here-
dter to be 'void., fhould he dijpofedto the mofi qnalijied of the Jldmifiry : 2 . That
the Spiritual ^urt[di£iions jhould he exercifedhy the Bifhopsin their fever al Dio-
cefjes i^.Xhat 4II .Mots^ Pnors^ and other inferiour Prelates^ who Jbould happen
to he pr itemed to Benefices.^ [houldbe tried hy the Bijhop and Superintendent of the
hounds, concerning their qualification andaptmfs togivj voice far the Church in
Parli'tntent v ^nd upon their Collation he admitted to the Benefice^ and not other-
Vfife: 4. That the nomination of fit perfons for evsry Archhifiwprick and Bifhop-
rick fjould he made hy the King or Regent^ and the EleBion hy the Chapters of
the Cathedrals. Am becaufe divers perfons were pojje fed of places info^ne of the
(aid chapters, which did hear no office in the Church , It was ordered. That a
particular nomination of Minifters in every B,ocefs fhould be made, tofupply their
rooms until their Benefices in the faid Churches jhould fall vcid: 5 . That all Be-
nefices of Cure under Prelacies, Jheu/d he difpofedio aitual Mmft,^r^^ and no 0-
thers: 6 . That the Minifters flwuld receive Ordination from the Btfhop of the Dio-
cefsi, and where noBifhopwas then placed, from the Superintendent of the bounds :
7. That the Bifhvps <ind Superintendents at the Ordination of the Minifters fhould
exaB of them an Oath for acknowledging his Majefties Authority, and for chedt-
tnce to their Ordinary in all things lawful according to a Form then condefcen-
ded. Order was alfo taken for difpoling of Proveftries, Colledge-char-'
ges, Chaplanaries, and divers otherparticulars moft profitable for the
Church, which were all ordained to ftand in force until the Kings mi-
nority, or till the Statesof the Realm ihould determine otherwife. How
happy had it been for the Ifles of Britain, if the Kirk had ftood to thefe
Conclufions,and not unravelled all the Web to advance a Fadion, as
they after did.^
17. For in the next general Aflerably held in Auguft at the Town of
Perth, where thefe conclufions were reported to the reft of the Brethren,
fome of them took offence at one thing, fome at another ; fome took ex-
ception at the Title of >4rfM{/^i?/ and Z>f<i«^ and others at the name of
Archdeacon, chancellor andchapter not found in the Ginevian Bibles, and
otherwife Popifh, and ofFenfive to the ears of good Chriftians. To
fatisfic whofe queazie ftomachs, fome of the Lay-Commiffioners
had prepared this Lenitive -, that is to fay. That by ufing of thefe Ti-
tles, they meant not to allow of any Popiili Superftition in the leaft de-
gree 5 and were content they lliould be changed to others which might
feem lefs fcandalous. And thereupon it was propofed , that the
name o( Bifhop fliould be ufed for Archb/ftiop, that the Chapter
fhould be called the Bifliops j(Jemhly,znd the Dean the Moderator of it.
But as for the Titles oi Archdeacon, Chancellor, Abbot, and Pwr it was or-
dered that fome fliould be appointed to confider how far thefe Fundions
did
1572
1575'
Lib. V. ^'^tmftoitoim mtsitmtinm^ Vsi
did extend , and give their opinion to the next Aflembly for the thanff- "'^
ing of them , with fuch others, asfliouid be thought moft agreeable to
the Word Of God , and the Polity of the beft Reformed ^Churches*
Which brings into my mind the fancy of fome people in the Deiartsof
jffrkk , who having been terribly waited with Tygers , and not ableo-
therwife to deftroythem, pafled a Decree that none lliould thenceforth
call them Tygers •, and then all was well. But notwithfhmdino all this
care , and thefe qualifications , the conclufions could not be admitted
but with this Protcftation , that dfiey receive<l thofe Articles for an in^
terim only, till a more perfed: Order might be attained at the hands of
the King, the Regent, or the States of the Realm. And it was well
that thc7 admitted them {o far .' For prefently upon the rifing of this
Aflembly, Mr. ^e^/t DougLifs , Provoft of the new Colledae in St. J/f-
drem, was preferred to tlie Archbilhoprick of that See 5 Mr. James Boyd
to the Archbifhoprick of GZ-i/cfl 5 Mr. ^d»?« Pj?tf» to the Bifhoprick of
Dunkeldr, and Mr. Andrew G r ah ame to xht S^t oi Dumb lane • the reft to
be difpofed of afterwards as occafion ferved.
28. But long it was not that they held in fo good a Pofture. Morton
fucceeding in the Regencie to the Earl oiMarre^ entered into a confide^
ration of the injury which was done the King by the invadin^of his
Thirds, and giving onely an allowance yearly of five thoufand ^arks.
Thefe he brings back unto the Crown , upon alTurance that the Pen-
fions of the Minifters fhould be better anfwerc'd then in former tim.es and
to be payable from thenceforth by the Parilh in which they ferved. But
no fooner had he gained hispurpofe, when to improve the Kings Reve-
nue 5 and to increafe the Thirds, he appointed to one Minifter two or
three Churches , in which he was to Preach by turns • and where he
did not Preach, to appoint a Reader. Which Reader for the moft pare
was allowed but twenty or forty pounds yearly 5 each pound beint^ va-
lued at no more then one fliilling eight pence of our Englidi money .^ And
in the payment of thefe Penfions, they found their condition made worfe
then before it was : for,whereas,they could boldly go to the Superinten-
dents, and make their poor Eftates known unto them, from whom they
were fure to receive fome relief and comfort •, they were now forced to
dance attendance at the Court, for getting Warrants for the payment of
the fums afligned , and fupplicating for fuch augmentations as were fel-
dom granted. And when the Kirk defired to be reftored unto the
Thirds, as was alfo promifed in cafe the affignations were not duly p?,id,
it was at laft told them in plain terms^That fiKce the Surplus ofthejhirdsbe-
longed to the Ktng,it was jitter the Regent and Council jhould modi fe the Stipends
of Minijlers , then that the Kirk jhould have the aff ointment and dtfignation of a
Surplus. Nor did the Superintendents fpeed much better, if not worfe,
when they addrefsed the mfelves to any of the Court-Officers for the re-
ceiving the Penfions afTigned unto them •, which being greater then the
others, came more coldly in. And if they preft at any time with more
importunity then was thought convenient, it was told them that the Kirk
had now no ufe of their fervices, in regard that Bilhops were reftored in
(ome places to their Jurifdidions.
39. And now the Difcipline begins to alter, from a mixed to a plain
Presbytery. Before the confirming of Epifcopacy.by the late conclu-
fions.
1 82 Ci^e !^tftoj^ of ti^c ^ies*^temn0. Lib, v.
fions the Government of the Kirk had been by Superintendents, aflifted
by Commiflioners for the Countries, as they called them then. The
■ Commiflioners changed, or new Eleded at every general Afsrmbly;
the Superintendents fetled for term of life. To them in appertained to
approve and admit the Minifters •, they prefided in all Syaods , and di-
reded all Church-ccnfures within their bounds -, neither was any Ex-
communication pronounced without their Warrant. To them it alfo
was referred to proportion the Stipends of all Minifters 5 to appoint the
CoUedkOrs of the Thirds, Cas long as they were chofen by the general
Afscmbly) to make payment of them, after fuch form and manner as to
them feemed beft •, and to difpofe of the Surplufage, if any were,toward
the charges of the State. And to this Kmx contented with the greater
readinefs,becaufe in anunfetled Church,theMii>ifl:crs were not thought
of parts fufficienttobe trufted with a power of Jurifdiftion •, and part-
ly becaufe fuch men as were firft defigned for Superintendents , were for
the moft part pofsrfsed of fome fair Eftate , . whereby they were not only
able to fupport themfelvcs , but to afford relief and comforr tn the poor
Minifters. But when thefe men grew old or dyed , and chat the enter-
tainin'^ of the Reformed Religion in all parts of the Realm had given
incouragement to men of Parts and Learning to enttr into the Miiiiftry,
they then began more univerfally to put in practice thofe rtftrldi-ins
with which the Superintendents had been fettered, and the power of the
Minifters extended by the Book oi DifcipUne ^ according to the Rules
whereof the Minifter and Elders of every Church , with the afliQance
of their Deacons, ifoccafion were, were not alone enabled to extrcifc
moft p^rt of Eccleftaftical Jurifdldion over their ftveral Congregati-
ons, but alfo to joyn themfelves with the chief BurgelTcs of the greater-
Towns for cenfuring and depofing their Own Superintendents. In which
refped: the Government may be faid to be a mixt, not a plain Presby-
tery, as before was noted •, though in effeft, Presbytery was the more
predominant, becaufe the Superintendents by the Book of Difcipliiie
were to befubjed to the Cenfures of their own Presbyterie.
20. But thefe Presbyteries, and the whole power afcribed unto them
' by the Book of Difcipllne , were in a way to have been crufhed by the
late conclufions , when they ftew out again upon occafion of the hard
deaUn<y of the Earl oi Morton:, inputting them beiides their Thirds. Aai
then withal, becaufethe putting of fome Minifters into Bidiaps Sees,had
been ufed by him for a pretence to defraud the Superintendents of their
wonted means , the Biftiops were inhibited by the general Aftembly
which next followed, from execcifing any Ecclefiaftical Jnrifdiftion
within the bounds which they had formerly aflignei , to their Superin-
tendents, without their confent and approbation. Which opportunity
was both efpied and taken by J^drerv Melvin , for making fuch an inno-
vation in the Form of Government , as came moft near unto the V3.i-
itxnoi Geneva , where he had ftudied for atime , and came back thence
more skilful in Tongues and Languages then any other part of Learn-
in?. And being hot and eager upon any buiinels which he took in hanJ,
' emulous of Knoxes greatnefs, and hoping to be Chronicled for his equal
in the Reformation •, he entertained all fuch as reforted to him, with the
continual commendations of that Difcipline which he found at Geneva^
where
'i.ib. V. ^u^iftoiv of mm^^fx^ttmm, is^
where the Presbyteries carried ;ill , witliout acknowledging any Biftoo
or Superintendent in power above them. Having by this means mucf
infinuated into divers Minifters , he dealt with one ^ohn Dntity , one of
the Preachers o'i Eder.borough^ to propound a queftion in the c^neral Af-
fembly which was then convened , touching the lavvfulnefs of the Epif-
copal Fundion, and the Authority of Chapters in their Elearion'
Which queftion being put according as he haddireded , he firft com- iJ?^
mends the Speakers Zeal (as if he had been unacquainted with the mo-
tion) and then proceeds lo a long and well framed difcourfe,touching the
flourilhing Eftateofthe Chmchoi Geneva^^ and the opinions of thofe
great and eminent men, Cahm then dead, and Theodore Beti then afive
in the point of Church-Government. After which premifes, he fell
upon this conclufion , 'That none ought te bur any ojfice m the Church of
Chrtft, tvhofe tales ivere not found tn the Holy Sciftnre : That though the name
fl/Billiop did occur in Scripure , yet was it- not to k taken tn that fence ih which
it was commsnly underftood: That no Sufenonty was allowed by Chrift amonTJi
the Minifters of the Church ; all of them being of the fame degree , andhavin?:
the fame power in all Sacred Matters : Thui the corruptions crept into the Efiate
c/Bifliops were fo great and manj^that ifthtyjhouldbe removed. Religion would
not long remain in Purity. And lb referred the whok matter to their
confideration. - :.;■.■;:,:
31. The Game being thus flarted and pnrfued by fo'good a Huntfman
it was thought fit by the Afserably, to commend the chafe thereof to fix-
chofen Members, who were to make report of their diligence to the reft
of the Brethren. Of which, though Mehin took a care to be named
for one , and made ule of all his wit and cunning to bring the reft of the
Referrees to his own opinion , yet he prevailed no further at that tiWe
then under colour of a mannerly declining of the point in hand to lav
fome further reftriftions upon the Bilhops in theexercife of their Power
and Jurifdidions, then had been formerly impofed. The fum of their
report was to this effed •, Fiz. That they did not hold it expedient to anfwey
the ^efttons propounded for theprefent . hut if any Bifhopwas chofen, th-J'had
not qualities required by the Word of God , fhefthtdd be t'ryed h'j the general' J f'
fembly: That they judged the name of a BifJwp , to be common.to all Alrnift-eri
who had the charge of a particular flock • and that by the Word of God his chief
fun£iionconftftedm the Preaching of the Word, the Miniftration of the Sacra-
ments, and the exercife of Ecclcfiaftical Difcipllne with the codent of the Elders i
That from amongft the Mini fry , fome one might be chofen to over fee andvifit
fuch reafondle bounds befides hisown flock , as the General A^embly fhoidd ap-
point-. Thathe Mimfter fo elccied , ruight in' tho[e boim is appoint Preachers,
with the advice of the Minifters of that Province , arJthe confent of the flocl
which jlmld be admitted ; and that he might fufpend Mintflersfrom the cxercife
of their office , upon reafonabk caufes , with the confent of the Mimllerf'bfifot
bounds. This was t!ie fum of the Report-.' and that thus much' lYifefif
be reported to begin the game with , greiafcare was took by Melvint^A
his AdherentSjthat neither any of the Biffiops nor SuperrntendehtiwHM
were rlun prefent in the Aflembly (being eight in numb^A) wer'^^ftfer
nominated todebatcthepoittts propofed', nqr called toBe preferit,at,'chc
Conference. But ibmewhaFfUrthermuft be done, lioAt their hand Was
in : And therefore, that t'hiif'P^ft might fee what they-we'reto truft to, if
' ^ this
'^ ' 'W^z !^iftojt of t^e ^^je^bitcf ian0. Lib. v.
this World went on,they depofed James Patton Biiliop oiDunkelden from
his place and dignity, without confulting the Lord- Regent, or any of the
fecret Council in fo great a bufinefs.
22. The next Aflembly makes fome alteration in propounding the
ciueftion , and gives it out with a particular reference to their own con-
cernment, in this manner following ^ that is to fay , whether tbc Bifiops,
as they were in Scotland , had their Fm^ion warranted hj the Word of God ?
But the determining of this queftion was declined as formerly. Only it
was conceived expedient for a further preparative , both to approve
the opinions of the Referrees in the former Meeting , and to add this
now unto the reft , That the Bijhops jhould take tothemfehes the fcrvice of
feme one church within their Diccefs , and nominate the particular flock whereof
they would accept the charge. News of which laft addition being brought
to the Rec^ent , he required by a fpecial MelPage , cither to Hand to the
conclufions before mentioned, which were made at Leith^ or elfe devife
fome other Form of Church Government which they would abide.
And this fell out as Melvin znd his Tribe would have it : For after this,
there was nothing done in the Afsemblies for two years together, but
hammering, forming and reforming a new Book of Difcipline , to be a
flandinp Rule for ever to the Kirk of Scotland. But polTible it is, that the
defi^n might have been brought to perfedion fooner, if ihe Regent had
riot'thoucht himfelf affronted by them , in the perfon of his Chaplain
Mr. Patrick Adamjon , whom he had recommended to the See of St. An-
drews. For the Election being purpofely delayed by the Dean and
Chapter, till the fitting of the next Aflembly ; ^(^/dw/^^jthenprefent,
was interrot^ated whether he would fubmit himfelf unto thetryal , and
undertake that Office upon fuch conditions as the Aflembly fhould pre-
fcribe. To which he anfwered. That he was commanded by the Re-
cent not to accept thereof upon any other terms, then fuch as had been
formerly agreed upon between the CommilTioners of the Kirk and the
Lords of the Council. On this refufal they inhibit the Chapter from
proceeding in the faid Eledlion •, thoughjafterwards,for fear of the dif-
pleafureof fo great a man, their command therein was difobeyed, and
the party chofen. Which fo provoked thofe meek and humble fpirited
men, that at their next Meeting they difcharged him from the exercife
of al'l Jurifdidion , till by fome general Affembly he were lawfully U-
cenfed. And this did fo exafperate the Regent on the other fide, that
lie refolvcd to hinder them from making any further Innovation in the
Churches Polity as long as he continued in his place and Power.
33. But the Regent having fome what imprudently difmifled himfelf
of tl]e Government, and put into the hands of the King, in the begin-
ning of i»/'irf^, Annoi-^Tjj they then conceived they had as good an op-
portunity as could be defired to advance tlK:ir Difcipline, which had been
fiammerin«^ ever fince in the Forge of their Fancies. And when it
hapned (as it was not long before it did) theyuflier intheDefign with
this following Preamble-, njiz,. The General Afemhly ef the Kirk finding
univerfal corruption of the tvhole Efiates of the body of this Realm^ thecreatccld-
nefs and (lacknefs in Religion in the greatefl part of the Profeffors of the fame,
with the daily ittcreafe of all kind of fearful fins and enormities •, as Jncefls, A-
(lultexies , Murthtrs {committed m Edenborough and Sterling) curfedSacri-
ledge,
Lib. V. C^e l^taojt of tl^e i^?ej5brtcnan0. i gj
ledge J ungodly Sedition and Divifiot in>!thin the horvels of the Realm^ with, all
mmner of dtjerdered and ungodly living -^ which juftly hath provoked our G^di
although longfuffering an i fatient, toftretch cut his arm in hts anger tu corrtU
and 'vtfit the iniquity of the Land -, and namely^ hy the prcf^rit penury, famine
and hunger^ joyriedrvith the Civil and Ifstefine Seditions : Where tintp douhtkfs
greater judgements mujl fucceed^if thefe his corrtBions work m Rtfurmatien aM
: amendment in mens hearts : Seeing alfo the bloody exclufions of the cruel coun^
fels of that Roman Be aft., tending to extermine and rafe from the face of ail Eu-
rope the true light of the blvfed Word of Salvation : For theje caujci., and
that God of his mercy would hlefs the Kings Highnefs, and his Regiment.^ and
make him to have a happy andprofperous Governments ^s alfo to put in his High'
ncfs hearty and in the hearts of his Noble Eftates af Parliament, not only to ntake.
and (ftabliih gdodpolttiek Laws for the Weal and good Government of the Realm,
but alfo toft andeftablififuch a Polity and Difcipline in the Kirk, as is Craved
inthe Word of God, and is hntained ar,d penned already to be prefented to his
Highnefs and ■Ceuncil ; ih.iiH'nthe one and in the other God may have his due
praife, andthc age to come an example of upright and Godly dealing. Which
Ad of the Aflc-rnhly pafs'd on ilvi^i^ o\ April 1578.
^4. The Difcipline mtift be of moft excelknt ufe , which could
afford a prtfeiit remedy to foman)' mifchiefs ; and yet as excellent as
it was , it could obtain no Ratification at that time of the King or Par-
liament ; which therefore they refolve to put in pradife by the ftrength
of their party, without inditing any further on the leave of either. In
which refpecl,it will not be unnecefTary to take a brief view of fuch par-
ticulars in which they differ from the ancient Government of the Churcfi
of Chriff, . rthe Government of the Church of £»^/<jW then by Law e-
ffabliflied-, or Hnally, from the former Book of Difcipline which them-
felves haj jiilHfied. N )w by this Book it is declared, That none thdt bear
office in the church of chrift ought to have Dominion ever it, or be called
Lords : That the Civil Magiftrates are fo far from having an'y power to Preach ^^
admimfter the Sacrame;ns, or execute the Cenfures of the church, that they
ought not toprefcribe any Rule how it flvxild be done: and that as Mini-
fters Are fub]t£i to the judgement and pmijlment of Mjgiftraies in Extenhd
things, if they offend ; fo ought the M^igi/lrates lofubmit thcmfelves to the Dif-
cipline of the chirch, if they tranfgrefs in matter of Confcience and Religion :
, That the Minifters of the Church ought to gov rnthz fame by mutual confent of
Brethren,-and equality of power, ace or ding to their ftveral FunU.om : That there
are only four ordinary Office bearers in the Churcb • that is to fay. The Paftor.Mi-
nifter or BifJwp, the Doctor, the Elder, and the Deacon •, and that no more ou^ht
to be received in the Word of God -, and therefore that all ambitious Titles inven-
ted in the Kingdom of Amichrift and his ufurped Hierarchy which are not ofthefe
/[forts -together with the offices deper.dirg thcreuponithat is to fjiy, Pitchhlihctp'i,
Patriarchs, Chancellours Deans, Archdencons, &:c.) ought m one nord to
be rejel^ed: That all which bear office m the Church, are to be eleffedby the El-
der jh:p,a»d conjcnt of the Congregation to whom the pe> [on prefented is appointed,
anino othcrwif . That the Ordination of the per [on fo elehed, is to be pet formed
with Fjfiing, Prayer, and the Impofition of the hands (f the Elderfbip {Kem em-
ber tint Irnpflfition of hands wa^ totally rejeifted in the former i^^^ok-AFhat
all office bearers in the church fhould have their own particular flocks, amon^l'l
whom they ought to exercife their charge^ and keep their reftdena.
B b 35. Bac
1 35 '^^t fifto^t of t]^^ ^ jc0i)rtci;tan0. Lib. v *
35...But more particularly it declares , • 7^^/ it is the office of the Pafter,
Bifhaf> or Mwijier ., to Preach the Word of God ^ afjd t-e admnnjier th, Sacra-
■meitts.if t''^^ f Articular CengregAMfi unto which hen called : audit belongs tmto
tbei»-, '^/'^^ lawful froceeding of the Elder jhif,. to frjM^ounce theje^jcKce sfbmd-
ihg,irJ loofmg ^ as alfo to foltmmze Marriage between pe.'^o '! co,-itr.;ffed,
hemb\ the (aid Elderjhip thereunto required : 'That it is the office if the Docfory
fimply. to open the mind of the Spirit of God in the Scriptures , wjhun n^^king
anyffi&h appltcatiom as the Mimjhr ufeih ^ and that this Doctor beng ^n Elder ^
omit to affifi the Pafior in the Government of the Church , ^^ reafon th.tihe In-
terpretation of thi fVO/d, whichis th,e Ofielj ^udge in Ecclefafiical matters , ?>.
to him committed : Thdt it is the office of the Elder {that is to fay ^ The Lay- Elder ^
for fo they mean) both privately andpublickly , to watch with all ddigence over
the flock committed to them , th^t no corruptions (f Religion or manners ghw
amow^Q them •■, as alfo to affifi the Pajlor or Mimffr m examining thofe that
come 10 the Lords Table, invifitingthe Sick , ii^n^-moniping all men vf their
duties According to the Rule of the Word ^ and in holding Afjemblies with the Pa-
yors and Doctors J for eftablfflnriggood order m the Churchy the AUs rvkrecf he
fs to put in execution : That it u the office of the Deacon tocolleci and dtflribute
the ^oods of the church at the appointment of the Elders , amongjl which he is to -
have novoyce in the common Confiflory •, contrary to the Rules of the former
BoDk : That allEcclefiajlical Afjemhlies have aponer lawfully iu convene toge-
ther for that effect : That it is in the power of the Elderjhp to appoint Vifitorsfor
their churches within their bounds ^ and that this power belongs not to any fmgls
per [on , be he B'fl'op or otherwife : That every three, four or more Panjhes, may
have an Elderfhip to themfelves ^ butfo that the Elders be chofm out of each in fit
proportion : That it is the office cf thefe Elder f).ps to enquire of naughty a,}d un-
ruly Members, and to bring them into the way again , either by Admonition ^and
thrtatnmg of Gods judgement, or by CorreBion^ even to the very Cenfure oftx-
communication; as alfo to admon fl), cenfure, and {if the cafe require) todcpofe
their Pafior , if he be found guilty of any of thofe grievous crimes {among which
Y^^nc'xno goes for one) rvhich belongs to their cognizance : The Errors commit-
ted by the EUerflnp to be correBed by Provincial Af?cmblies , and thefe m the
Provincials by the General. The maintamance and affiflivg ofwh. ch Djfcipltne,
and the infli^ing of Civil punijlments upon fuch as do not obey the fame ^ without
confoundm'r one furifdiSiion w.th another, is made to be the chief office of Kings
and Princes. And that this Difcipline might be executed without interruption.,
it -was required th^tthe Name and office of Bfhps, as it then was ^and had been
formerly exeicifed in the Church of Scotland •, as alfo the Names and offices of
Commendators-i Abbots, Priors, Beans, Deans and chapters. Chancellors, Arch-
deacoiis,dcc. flmtld from thenceforth be utterly abolipxd ^ and of no effeB .
Which point, and all the reft therein contained, being granted to them,
all right of Patronages deftroyed,that the popular Elediuns may proceed
in^all tlieir Churches-, and finally thewhole Patrimony of the Church
inLands,Tythesor Houfes,permitted to rhediftributionof the Deacons
in every Elder{liip,they then conceive that fuch a right Reformation may
be made as God requires.
56. This Book of Difcipline being prefented to tlie King in Parlia-
ment , and the approving of the fame deferred to a further time -, they
took this not for a delay,but a plain denial -, and therefore it w as agreed
in the next general Afsembly (as before is faid) to put the fame in
execution
Lib.v. Cl)e l^tfto.i^ Of tl)c ^?e0i)f tmansf. i$j
execution by their own Authority, without expe<fting.auy furthtrGon-
firmation of it from the Kitig or Council. Which that they might ef-
f£<ft without fear of difturbance , they Jirft difcharge the Biftops and
Superintendents from intermedling in Affairs which concerned Reli'^i-
on, but onely in their, own particular Churches^ that fo their Elder-
Ihips (according to this new effablifliment) might grow up and fiouriih.
And then they took upon them , with their own adherents i. to exercife
all Ecciefiaftical Jurifdidion, without rel'ped to Princeor Prelate- they
altered the. Laws according to their own appetite v they aiTembled the
Kings Subjeds, and injoyned Ecclefiaftical pains untodicm •, they made
Decrees,& put the fame in execution ^ they prefcribed Lavysto the^feng
and State •, they appointed Fafts throughout the whole Reajm, efpeciaU
ly when fome of their Fadion were to move any great enterprife • thd'V
lifed very traytorous , feditious and contumelious 'wordain the Ralpirs
Schools, and otherwife, to the difdain and repioachof the Kino- and
being called to anfwer the fame , rhey utterly difclaimed the Kinps Au- •
thorky^ fayifig he was an incompetent, Judge, and that matters^ef the
Pulpir ought to be exempted from tlie judgement and corretafon of
Princes. And finally, they did not only animate fome of thofe that ad-
hered unto them, to feize upon the Kings peyfon, and ufurp his po*er -
but juftified the fame in one of their general Alfemblics heldat i^dcnho-
rough for a lawful Ad: •, ord/ming allthofe to be excommunicated whith
did not fubfcribe unto the fame. This we take up by vohole fale now,but
fliall return it by rcMi/inthat which follows.
57. And lirft they begin with Mr. ^ames ^s^y, Archbilhop o{Glafc&^
a man of a mild and quiet nature, and therefore the more like to be con-
formable to tlieir commands-, requiring him to fubmit himfclf to the ;: U ^"^ \tf-\^'''''^
Allembly, and to fuffer the corruptions of the Epifcopal Order to be re- r^v.^pj S'^''fj{J'
formed in his perfon. To which proud intimation of their will and"! i^T^^''^^ S^,
pleafure he returned this Anfwer, which,for rhe modefty or piety thereof i'Xw j-^rVf ^"^
deferves to be continued to perpetual memory : / und cr ft and {(iith. \\€)f%k'^^^ 'Ayi-C^
the Name^Officc and Reverence g>ven to a Bijhop to he lawful^ and allowed hy the ^^ If ^T'^^tt
Scripture of God; and king eleBed l>y the Church and King to be Bifhjp 0/(1.^^,^^ "5'*^'"
Glafco , I efteemmj office and Calling lawful^ and (hall ends duour ivnh alLmy '^'"'''' ^"-^ o-^K.fy j
power to perform the duties required ^ (nhmittinq; my [elf to the judgement t'f ''^""T^ i A"^ " al
the Church, iflihall he trjed to offends fo as nothing be required of me , /^«r fl^ltA";.- T.^
the performance of thofe duties which the Apoftle prefcribeth. '- Finding him'^-('^^ ' f'''"^-^!y,"^
not fo tradable as they had expeded , they Commiflionate certain o^t\^ t"^} I'^qZ
their Members to require his fubfciption to the Ad made at 5/fr//>?<^, 4 ^.V'jLiVu-'^
for reformation of the State Epifcopal ^ by which it was agreed , that TV ^-^"'V "-^ t*^
every Bi(hop fliould take charge of fome flock in particular^ And this ^';^ i^^j /''->^
they preft upon him with fuch heat and violence , that they never ^^ /q'v' f ^' ^^°^.
left profecuting the p^or man , till they had brought him to his Grave, f- ljL,rr^'^/7o
By none more violently purfued then by Andrew Mehin , whom he > li ni-"
had brought to Glafco , and made Principal of the Colledge there '^^^^ |^-3^'3
gave him a fr^e accefs to his Houfe and Table , or ocherwife very li-
berally provided for him. ^at Siots^nd. Preshjteriaus are not won by
favours, nor obliged by Benefits : For Melvm fo difguifed his na-
ture , that when he was in private with him at his Table or elfewhere "
he would ufe him with all reverence imagniable , giving him the title
^Bb 2 cf
i88 C^e!^<llo?^oftl)e^ie0l)|tevmn0, Lib. v.
oi his LordjhiP ., with all the other Honours which pertained unto him^
but in all particular Meetings, whatfoever they wtre, he would only call
him Mr. £0)^ , and otherwile carried himfelf naoil: delpiterully towards
hin:i. i^*^
38. Their rough and peremptory dealing wirh this Reverend Pre.-
late difcouraged all the reft from coming any more to their Arsemblies 5.
Which hapned as they could liave wilhed. For thereupon they agree
amoncjft themfelves upon certain Articles.which every Billiop muft lub-
{cribe,or elfe quit his place -, that is to fay , i . That they flwuld he content
to be Mimfters and Pafiors of afiock : 2. That they Jhotild not ufurf any crimnd
iurifdi^ien : 3. That they jhould not 'vote in parliament in.thc name of tH
church, unlefs they had a Commifjion front the general Affernhly. 4. That they
(hoiildnot take up for maintaining their ambitions the Rents ivhxh might mainr
tain man) Pafiors , Schools and Poor , but content themfelves vnth a rcafonabU
portion for difcharge of their offices : 5 . That they jhould not claim the title of .
Temporal Lords, nor ufurf Any Civil ^urif diction , whereby they might he drawn
from their charge : 6. That they fhould not Empire over Presbyteries , but be
fubje^ to the fame : 7. That they fhstild net ufiirp the power of Preshytenes, nor
take upon them to vifit any bounds that were not committed to them by ibe church:
8. That if any more corruptidvs flwuld afterwards be tryed-, the Bifhop fhould
agree to have thtm reformed. Thefe Articles were firft tendered to Patrick
Adamfon, Archbifliopof St. Andrews, and Metropolitan of all Scotland •,
ac^ainft whom they had a former quarrel , not only becaufe he was pre-
ferred, eleded , and admitted to that eminent Dignity without their
confent , but had alfo exercifed the JurifdiiStion which belonged unto it,
inexprefs and direiSi-oppolitionunto their commands. And firft they
quarrelled with him for giving Collation unto Benefices , and for gi-
ving voice in ParUaraent , not being authorized thereunto by the Kirk.
They quarrelled with him afterwards for drawing or advifing the Ads
of Parliament, y/w;oi584, which they conceived to befo prejudicial
to the Rights of the Kirk 5 and held the King fo hard unto it , that he
was forced to counfel the poor Prelate to fubfcribe feme Articles, by
which he feemed in a manner to renounce his Calling •, of which more
hereafter. They quarrelled with him again in the year 1 5 S^-, for inar-
ryinf^ one of the Daughters of the late Duke of Lenox to the Earl of
Jiuntly without their confent ; wherein the King was alfo fain to leave
him to their difcretion. And finally, they fo vexed and perftcuted him
from one time to another , upon pretence of not conforming to their
lawlefs pleafures , that they reduced him in the end to extreme neceirity,
publiilied a falfe and fcandalous Paper in his name,as he lay on his death-
bed , containing a Recantation (as they called in) or rather a renouncing
of his Epifcopal Funaion •, together with his approbation of their Pres\
Presbyteries -. which Paper he difowned at the hearing of it. By
which, and many fuch unworthy courfes, they brought his gray hairs
(as they did forae others of his OrderJ withlhame and lorrow to the
Grave.
39. Mention was made before of an Aci of Parliament made in the
time of the Interregnum, before the Queens coming back from France, for
demolilliing all Religious Houfes, and other Monuments of Superftitioa
and Idolatry. Under which name all the Cathedrals were interpreted
to
Lib. V. 'Wt}t ^iftojv of.t^e ^tz^bi^mm^. j8j>
' ""III III! iiiMit^wn yi ■— MMM^M
to be contairved , and by that means involved in the general ruine ; oftly
the Church at Glafco did efcape. that ftorm , and remained till this time
undefaced in its former glory : But now becomes a very great eye- lore
to Andrerv Mehin , by whofe pra(ftices and foUicitationS it was agreed
untobyfome ZealousMagiftrates, thatit fliould forthwith bedemoljft-
ed •, that the materials of it ihould be ufed for the building of fomelefser
Churches in that City for theeafeof the pejftlc.5 andthat fuch Mafons
Quarriers, and other Workmen, whole Icrvice was reqi^ifite thereunto'
Ihould be in readinefs for that purpole at the day appointed. The Ar-
guments which he ufed to perfwade thofe Magiftraces to this Ai5l of
Ruine , were the reforting of ibme people to that Church for their pri-
vate Devotions •, the huge vaftnefs of the Fabrick , which made it in-
commodious in refpeCl of hearing •, and cfpecially the removing, uf that
old Idolatrous Monument, which only was kept up in defpite of the Zeal
and Piety of their firft R'eformers. But the bufinefs was not carried fo
clofely , as not to come unto the knowledge of the Crafts of the City
who, though they were all fufficiently Zealous in the caufe of Religion'
were not fo mad as to deprive their City of fo great an Ornament. And
they agreed fo well together, that when the Workman were be^innino to
aflemble themfelves to fp.^ed the bufinefs , they made a tumult, took^up
Arms, and refolutely fwore, that whofoever pulled down the firft ftone
fliould be buried under it. The Work-men upon this are difcharged
by the Ma^iftrates , and the people complained of to the Kin^r for the
infurreftions. The King upon the hearing of it , receives the ai^ors in
that buiinefs into his protedtion , allows the oppolition they had made
and lays command upon the Minifters (who had appeared mnfteaccr ia
the profecutiun) not to meJdle any more in that buiinefs, or any other of
that nature-, adding withall, that too many Churches in that Kin<ydom
were dellroyed already , and that he would not tolerate any more abufes
of fuch ill example,
40. The King for matterof his Book had been committed to the in- 1580:
Unm'iono't George Buchamn^ a moft fiery and feditious dlvinili • to
moderate whofe heats, was added Mr. Peter rou:ig, Cfatherof the late
Dean of W''w/>'(?/?^r) a more temperate and fober man, whom he very
much efteemed, and honoured with Knighthood, and afterwards pre-
ferred to the Maflcrfliip of St. Crofs in England. But he received his
Principles for matter of State from fuch of his Council as were moft
tender of the pnblick intereft of their Native Country. By whom, but
moftefp. cially by the Earl of Morton^ he was fo well inftruded 'that
he was able todiftinguifh between the Zeal of feme in promotio'cr the
Reformed Religion, "and the madnefs or follies of Tome others, ^who
pradifed to introduce their innovation, under chat pretence. Upon which
grounds of State and Prudence, he gave order to the general Allembly
fitting at this time , not to make any alteration in the Polity of the
Church, as then it flood, but to fuffer things to continue in the ftate they
were till the following Parliament, to die end that the determinations
of the three Eftates might not beany way prejudiced by their conclu-
lions.But they negleftingthe command,look back upon the late proceed-
ings which were held at Siirling^\\\\t\^ many of the moft material points
in the Bookof Difcipline were demurred upon. And thereupon it was or-
dained.
-I j)o -^e ^ifitni of tl^e ^t^^t^ttxinm. Lib. v .
dallied, that nothing fliould be altered in Form or Matter, which itvthat
Book had been concluded by themfelves. With whic^^ the King was
fo difpleaCed, that from that tinfie he gave lefs countenance to theMi-
nifters then he had done formerly. And to the end that they mi^htfte
Avhat need they had of their Princes favour, he fuffered divers feri^cences
to be paft at the Council Table, for the fulpending of their Cenfitres
and Excommunications, when any matter of complaint was heard a-
gainft them% But they go forwards howfotver, confirmed and anima^
ted by a Difcoiirfe o( Theodore Beza which came out this year,enticulcd,
DeTnplici Epifcopatu. In which he takes notice of three forts of Bi-
lliops^ the Btjhep of Divine InJinntion, which he makes to be no other
then the ordinary Minifter of a particular Congregation ^ the Bifhop of
humane Confiitution^ that is to fay, the Prelident or Moderator in the
Church-aflemblies ^ andlaftof all, th? Devils Bi^iop^ fuch as were then
placed in a perpetual Authority over a Diocefs or Province in molf parts
of Chriftendome 5 under which laft capacity they beheld their BiHiops
in the K\xko{ Scotland. And in the next Aflfembly, held zx. D:indee in
5f«/y following, it was concluded. That the office of a B[fhop^ m it was then
ufed and commonly taken in that Realm ^ had neither foundation., ground, {"v.or
warrant in the holj Scriptures. And thereupon it was dtcreed, That allpcr-
fons either called unto that office., or which fhon Id hereafter b? called unto it.,
fhouldbe required to renounce the fame., as an office unto rvhich the) a e not tvar-
rantedbjthe Word cf Cod. But becaufe fome more moderate nita in c'le
ftext Afiembly held at Glafcom., did raife a fcruple touching that part of
the Decree in which it was affirmed, That the calling ef Bi(hops was not
Warranted by the Word of God^ it was firft declared by the All mbly, that
they had noother meaning in that ExpmiHon^ihen to condemn the ejlate
of Bifiops as they then flood in ScotVind. With which the faid moderate
men did not feem contented, but delired --hatthc: conclulion of the mat-
ter mi'jht be refpited to another time, by reafon of the inconvenience
which might enfue. They are cryed down by all the reft with grrat heat
and violence •, infomuch, that it was propofed by one Montgomery Mini-
fter of Stirling.) that fome Cenfure might be laid en thofe who hadfpoken m de-
fence of that corrupted efiate. Nay, fuch was the extream iiatred to that
Sacred Funftlon in the faid Affembly at Dundee.^ that they ftayed not
here •, They addad to the former, a Decree more ftrange, inferting, That
the) fhoftld d'-ftfi and ceafe fom Preaching, Miniftring the Sncrameats., or ufing
in any fort the office of a Paftor in the Church cf Chrifi, till by fome General
Jjionbly they were De Novo Authorized and Admitted to it 5 no lower cen-
fure then that of E.s'communicatton., if they did the contrary. As for the Pa-
trimony of the Church, which ftill remained in their hands, it was re-
folved that the next General Affembly (liould difpofe thereof
49. There hapned at this time an unexpeded Revolution in the
Court oi Scotland, which poflibly might anim.ate them to thefe high
prefumpcions. It had been the great Maftcr-piece of the Earl of Morton
in the time of his Regency.to faften his depcndance moftfpecially on the
Qaeenof England -, without which he faw it was impolTible to preferve
the Kings Perfon, and maintain his Power againft the practices and at-
tempts of a prevalent Fadion, which openly appeared in favour of his
Mothers precenfions. And in this courfe he much defir^d to keep the
Kin&,
Lib. V. -srtie "^moif of ti^e ^itfibvttmm.
191
Kit>g, whenhe had took the Government upon himfelf, as before wds
faid, prevailing with him, much againft the mind of moft of the Lor<is •
to fend an Embafflidor for that purpofe. Which put fuch fears and
jealoufies into the heads of the French, on whom the Scots had former-
ly depended upon all occafions, that they thought fit to countermine
the Englifh party in the Court, and fo blow them up. No better En-
gine for this pnrpofe then the Lord Efme Stuart, Seignisrur of Auby.
ny in France, and Brothers Son to Matthew the late Earl of Lenox the
Young Kings Grandfather. By him it was conceived that they might
not only work the King to the party of France, but get fome ground for
re-eftabli(hing the old Religion, oratleaftto gain fome countenance for"
the Favourers and ProfclTorsof ir. With thels Inflrudions he prepares
to the Court of Scotland, makes himfelf known unto the Kino, and by
the affability of hisconverfation wins fo much upon him, tli^tno Ho-
nour or P.eferraent was thought great enough forfo dear a Kinfman. The
Earldom of Lenox being devolved upon the King by the death of his
Grandfather, waslirft conferred on if^/^fr^ Bifhop of Orknaj, one of the
Natural Sons of King fame's V. Which he, to gratifie the King, and
oblige the Favorite, refigned again into his jiands 5 in recompence
whereof, he is preferred unto the title of Earl "of March. As foon as
he had made this Rffignationof the Earldom of /,£■;?<?>:, the King con-
fers if pref- ntly on his Colin Aubigny, who ftudied to appear more fer-
viceable to him every day then other. And that his fervice might ap-
pear the more confidcrable, a report is cunningly fpread abroad, that
the Earl of Morton had a purpofe to convey the King into England, by
means whereof the Scofs would forfeit all the Priviled^es which they
held in France. Morten (\.\^c\fai\y clear'd himfelf from any fuch pracflicei
But howfoever, the fufpition prevailed fo far, that it was thought fie
by thole of the Adverfe party to appoint a Lord-Chamberlain^, who
was to have the care of His Majefties Perfon -, and that a Guard of
twenty four Noblemen fhould beaffigned to the faid Lord-Chamber-
lain for that end and purpofe. Which Truft and Honor was immedi-
ately conferred on the Earl of Lenox, who had been fworn to the Coun-
cil much about that time, and within lefs then two years after was cre'^
atedDuke.
50. The fudden Preftrmentsofthisman, being well known to be a '58r.'
profefTed Votary of the Church of Rome, encouraged many Priefts and
Jefuits to repair into Scotland ; who were fufficiently pradical in propa-
gating the Opinions, and advancing the intereft of that Church.
Which gave occafion to the Brethren to exclaim againft him, and ma-
ny timesto fall exceeding foul on the King himfeff. The K:n<7 ap-
pears follicitoUs for their fatisfadlion •, and deals foeffedually v.-ith his
Kinfman, that he was willing to receive inftrudion from fome of their
Minifters, by whom he is made a real Profelyte to the Religion then e-
flablifh'd •, which he declared, by making profeflion of his Faith in
the great Church of Edenhorough, and his diligent frequenting the
Church at their Prayers and Sermons. But it hapned very unfortu-
nately for him, that fome Difpenfations fent from Rome were intercep-
ted, whereby the Catholicks were permitted to promife, fwear, fub-
fcribe, anddo what elfe fliould be required of them, if fliil they kept
theu'
192
Ci^e f iftoj¥ of m ^jt0D?tenanj5. Lib. v .
their hearts, and fecretly imployed their counfels for the Church of
Rome. A<^ainft this blow the Gentleman could find no buckler, nor was
there any^ready way either to take off the fufpicions , or to (till the cla-
mours which by the Presbyterian Brethren were raifed againft him.
Their out-cries much encreafed,by the feverities then fh-wed to the Earl
oi Morto/t'^yi^om they efteeraed to be a moft affured Friend (as indeed he
wasj to their Religion , though indeed in all points not correfponding
with them to the Book of Difcipline. For lb it was, that to break off
all hopes of faftning a dependance on the Realm of England, Morton was
publickly accufed at the Council Table for being privy to thtr Murther
of His Majefties Father, committed to the Caftle of Edenhrough on the
fecond oi January ^ removed to Dunhritton on the twentieth: Where
having remained above four Moneths, he was brought back to £^f«^o-
rou^hia. the end o( May ^ condemned upon the firlt o^June, and the next
day executed: His capital Accufer being admitted to lit Judge upon
Vi'm
51. This news exceedingly perplexed the Queen of £«^//i»^: Hic had
fent Bows and Randolph ac fevcral times to the King cf Scots , who were
to ufe their belt endeavours as well to lelTen the Kmgs favour to the
Earl of Lenox , as to preferve the life oi Morton. For the effeding of
which laft, a promife was made by Randolph umo [omt of his Friends,
both of Men and Money. But as Walfingham fent word from France , llie
had not took the right courfe to effect htr purpoft . She had of late been
negligent in paying thofe perfons which had before confirmed the Scots
to the Englifh intereft •, which made them apt to tack about , and to ap-
ply themlelves to thofe who would bid moft for them. And yet the bu-
nefs at the prefent was not gone fo far , but that they might have eafily
been reduced unto her devotion, if we had now fent them ready money
inftead of promifes-, for want whereof, that Noble Gentleman, fo cor-
dially affedted to Her Majefties fervice,was miierably caft away. Which
quick advice , though it came over late to preferve his life , came time
enou<yhto put the Queen into a way for recovering Her Authority c-
raonsft the Scots ^ of which more hereafter. Nor were the Minifters
lefs troubled at it then the Queen o( England , imputing unto Lenox the
contrivance offo fad a Tragedy. Somewhat before this time he had
been taxed in the Pulpit by Dri*ry , one of the Brethren of Edcnbcrongh,
for his unfoundnefs in Religi )n, and all means ufed to make him odious
with the people. For which committed by the Council to the Caftle
of Edenborough, he was, nst long after, at the earneft intreaty of his Fel-
o . low Minifters,and fome promife on his own part for his good behaviour,
* reftored again unto his charge. But after ii/tr^c^j death (fome other
occafions coming in) he breaks out again, and mightily exclaims againft
him • infomuch,that the King gave order to the Provoft of Edenborough
to fee him removed out of the Town. The Magiftrate advifes him to
leave the Town of his own accord : But he muft firft demand the plea-
fureof the Kirk, convened at the fame time in an Afsembly. Not-
withftanding whofe Mediation he was forced to leave the Town a little
while, to which he was brought back in Triumph within few Moneths
after. AFaftwasalfo kept by order of thefaid Afsembly: For the
oround whereof they alledged, amongft other things, not oneiy the op-
, ^ preflion
Lib.v. Clie l^iftojir Of t^c 1&?e0brtertanjf. 193
preflion of the Church in general,but the danger wherein the Kinc^s Per-
fon ftood, by a company of wicked men , who laboured to corru^pt hiifl
in Religion as well as manners.
52. But nomanlaidmorehaftily about him, or came better ofFtheri
M''alter Belcanqud , another Preacher of that City. Who in a Sermon
by hinr Preached, ufed fome words to this purpofe , That within this four
years Popery had entered into the Countrey and Courts and was m^intamed in the
Kings Hdl, by the Tyranny cf a great chamfm^ whs has called Gvzct (which
Adjund thfy gave ordinarily to their Dukes in ^ra/^/^^^. ) but that if hii
Grace continued m ofpofing hmfelf to God and his JVerd, he fhould come to little
Grace m the end. The King at the firlt hearing of it, gives order to the
General Aflembly to proceed therein. Which being fionified to Belcan-
qual^ he is faid to have given thanks to God for rhefe two thinos • firft
For that he was not accufedfvr any thing done again fi his Majefty and the \aws \
But principally , Becaufe he perceived the Church had tbtamed fome ViBori',
And for the lart he gave this rtafon , That for fome quarrel taken at a for-
mer Sermon , the Council hid took upon them to be fudges of a MiniftersDo-
drine 5 hut now that he was ordered to appear before the Jfiembly^ he would mofl
joyfully fubmit his Doctrine to a puhlick Tryd. But thofe of the AfTemblv
fending word to the King , that they could not warrantably proceed a-
gainft him, without ihe bufinefs were profecuted by fome Accufer and
made good by witnefses •, the King was forced, for fear of drawin'o^ any
of his Servants into their difpleafurts,to let fall the caufc. But Belcanmel
would not fo give over : The Kings defifting from the profecution would
not ferve his turn , unlefs he were abfolved alfo by the whole Afsemblv
who had been prefent at the Sermon. This was conceived to be mofl
reafonable and juft •, for having put it to the vote, his Dodlrine was de-
clared to be found and Orthodox , and that he had delivered nothino-
which might give juft offence unto any perfon. The Kinc^ begins to
fee by thefe particulars what he is truft to. But they will prefently find
out another expedient , as well for tryal of their own power , as his ut-
moft patience.
52. A corrupt ContraiS had been made betwixt Montgomery before
mentioned, and the Dukeof Z^wat • by which it was agreed That
Montgomery (hould be advanced, by the Dukes Interceffion, to the' Arch-
BiHioprickof G/ii/iTO • and that Montgomery, in requital of fo <7reat a fa-
vour , fliould grant unto the Duke and his Heirs for ever ,^rhe whole
Eftate and Rents of the faid Archbilhoprick , upon the yearly payments
of one thoufand pound Scotch, with fome Horfe, Corn and Poultry. No
fooner had the Kirk notice of this Tranfadion, but without takin'o- no-
tice offobafe a Contrad , they cenfur.d him for taking on him in the
Epifcopal Fundion. The King refolves to juftifi^ him in the Acceptation
unles they could be able to charge him with unfoundnefs of Dodrine or
corruption of manners. Hereupon certain Articles are preferred asainft
him ; and amongft others, it was charged, that he had laid, The DjfcipUnt
Tvas a thin^ indifferent, and might ft an i the one » ay or th: other -, That to prove
the lawfulnefs of Biflicps in )k€ church , he had ufed the Examples of Am-
brofe and Auguftine : That at another time , he called the Difcipline , and
the lawful Calling ofihe Church, thetriefles of Police : That he [aid the Mt-
niftcrs were captious ^ and men of curious brains : That he charged them with
^ ^ fedition.
194
Cl^e f iftojt of tl)e t^it^b^tcrianjj. Lib. v ;
fedttion., and teamed them not to meddle in the diffojing of Crowns ^ And that
if tije-j did, they Pwuld he ref roved: That he accused them of Fafqutls, Lyings
BAckbtttng, &c. And finally , he denyed that any mention of Fresbytery or El-
derihip was made in any fart of the New Tejlamem. For which and other
Errours of like nature in point of Dodlrine , though none of them fufii-
ciently proved when it came to tryal , it was refolvcd by the AlTembly,
that he fliould ft and to his Miniftry in the Church of 5^/r/w^,and meddle
no further with the Biflioprick ,• under the pain of Excommunication.'
But not content with ordering him to give off tlie Biflioprick, they fu-
fpend him on another quarrel from the ufe of his Miniftryv To neither
of which fentences when he would fubmit , as bein^ fupported by the
Kin«' on one fide, and the Duke on the other , they cited him to appear
before the Synod of £o^/;/<i» to hear the fentence of Excommunicatioii
pron'iunce^ againft him. This moved the Ki!>g to interpofe his Royal
Auibority , ^o warn the Synod to appear before him at the Court at
Stirlinz-, an^ in the mean time todefift from all further Proctfs. Font and
foiTie others make appearance in the name of the reft •, but withal make
this proteftation , jhat though they had aff eared to teflifie their obedience to
his Majeflies Warrant , yet they did not acknowledge the King and Council to be
competent ^tdges in that matter ^^ aid therefore that nothing dorie at that time
0}0uld either prejudge the Liberties of the Church , or the Laws of the Realm.
Which Proteftation iiotwithftanding, they were inhibited by the Coun-
cil from ufing any further proceedings againft the man, and fo departed
fpr the prefent.
' 54. But the next general Afsembly would not leave him fo, but pro-
fecute him with more heat then ever formerly •, and were upon the point
of paflini:; their judgement on him, when they were required by a Letter
Miflive from the King , not to trouble him for any matter about the
Biflioprick , or any other caufe preceding , in regard the King refolved
" to have the bufinefs heard before himfelf. ^\xt Melvin hereupon re-
plved That they did not meddle with any thing belonging to the Civil Power •,
and that for matters Ecclefiaftical , they h^d Authority enough to proceed agai/ifi
him, as being a Member of their Body. The Mafter of theRcquefts, who
had brought the Letter , perceiving by thefe words , that they meant to
proceed in it, as they had begun , commanded a Mefsenger at Arms,
whom he had brought along with him , to charge them to defift upon
pain of Rebellion. This moves them as little as the Letter , and he is
fummoned peremptorily to appear next morning , that he miglit receive
his fentence. Next morning he appears by his Procurator, and puts up
an appeal from them to the King and Council •, the rather, in regard
that one who was his principal Accufer in the laft Afsembly , was now
to fit amongft his Judges. But neither the Appeal it felf , nor the E-
quity of it, could fo far prevail, as to hinder them from pafling prefently
to the Sentence ^ by which, upon the fpecification and recital of his fe-
veral criraes,he was ordained to be deprived,and caftcut of the Church.
And now the courage of the man begins to fail him. He requires a
prefent Conference with fome of the Bretiiren , fubmits himfelf to the
decrees of the afsembly ,and promifeth neither to meddle further withthe
Biihopri::k, nor to exercife any Office in the Miniftry, but as they fliould
licenfe him thereunto. But this inconftancie he makes worfe;by another
Lib. V. Clje mfto^V of m ^mWmm^,
IP?
as bad -, for finding the Kings countenaace towards Mm to be vefir
much changed, he relolves to hold the BiOioprick -, makes a journey -Co
cUfco , and entering into the Church with a great train-of Genrleme»i
wliich had attended him from the Court , he puts by^the ordinarv
Preacher , and takes the Pulpit to himfelf. For this difturbance the
Presbytery of the Town fend out Procefs againft him, but are prohibit-
ed from proceeding by his Majeities Warrant , prefented by the Mavot
oiGlafco, But when it was replycd by the Moderator , That they midd
frQCCedih thecaufe mtxvithjl ending this Wanmt, and that fome other words
were mukiplyed upon thatoccafion 5 the Pro voft pulled him out of his
Chair, and committed him Pnloner to the Tokbooih. The next Alfem
■ bly look on this a^ion of the Provofl as a foul indignity , and profecute
the whole matter unto fuch extremity , that notwichftandinc> the Kin^s
interceffion, and the advantage which he had againft fomeoflheir nun?
ber •, the Provoft was decreed to be excommunicated ; and the Ex-
communication formerly decreed againft ii/<?/7/'^o»«f^^ ^ Yvasadtuallv pro-
nounced in the open Church. ■^ P
53;. The DukQO^ Lenox finds himfelf fo much concerned in the bu/i
nefs , that he could not fupport the man, who for his fake had beeri
expofed to all thefe affronts 5 he entertains him ac his Table and hears
him Preach, without regard unto the Cenfures under w^ich he hv
This gives the general Afsembly a new displeafure. Their whole Au
thorityfeemed by thefe anions of the Duke to be little valued • wh* h
rather then they would permit , they would proceed againfl him in Jhe
ielf.fame manner.But firft it was thought fit co fend fome of their Mem
bers , as well to intimate unto him that Montgomery was ad:iiallv exc
municated 5 as alfo to prefent the danger in which they flood bv^tli'
Rules of the Difcipline, who did converfe with excommunicated porfons^
The Duke being no Icfs moved then they, demanded in fome choler
Whether the King or Kirk had the Supreme Power -^ and therewith pla'n! '
told them, rhat'he was commanded hj the Kingto enttrtainhm ^ rvhofecoJ
mmd he would not d/fcheyfor fear of their Cenfures. Not fatisfi'e j with th"'
defence, the Commiftioners of the general Affemblv or^fenf^H ir nn^^
I -tr- ■ /I I • I - I . •' r''-"-"*-v.u IL unto
the King amongft other grievances ; to which it was anfwered by the
King, that the Excommunication was illegal , and was declared to be
fo upon very good Reafons to the Lords of the Council 3 and therefore
that no manner of perfon was to be lyable to cenfure upon that account
The King was at this time at the Town of Perth, to which many of th^^
Lords repaired , who had declared themfelves in former rimes for thl
Fadion oi England, and were now put into good heart by fupplies of
money, (according unto Walfmghams connk\) which had beenfecretlv
fent unto them from the Queen. Much animated, or exafperated ra
ther, by fome Leading -meujwho managed the Affairs of the late AfTem'
bhes, and fpared not to inculcate to them the apparent dangers in which
Religion ttood by the open pradicesof the Dukeof z.f.wx,and the Kines
crOfTiiig with them upon all occafion. To which the Sermons of the
lafl Faff did not add a little ^ which was purpofely indicfled , as before
was fald, in regard of thofe oppreffions which the Kirk was under • but
more, brcaufe of the great danger which the company of wicked pcrfons
might bring to the King , whom they endcavouredto corrupt both in
^■'^ '^ Religion
196
'Wi^t ^ifioj^ of ti^e ^?e0tttcnan0. Lit. v .
Relbion and Manners. All which inducements coming together, pro''
duce'^ a refolution of getting the King into rheir power, forcing the
Duke of Lenox to retire into france,3.nc!i altering the whole Govetninent
of the Kingdom as themfelvesbeft pleated. •
56. But firft, the Dukeof XewArmuftbe fentnutof the way. And
to effed this 3 they advifed him to go to Edenborough ^ and to ercd
there the Lord Chamberlains Court, for the reviving of the ancient Ju-
rifdiifton which belonged to his Office. He had not long been gone from
Perth when the King was folemnly invited to the Hoafe oiwilliam Lord
Mthen (not long bctore made Earl of Gdrvrj) where he was liberally
feafted : but being ready to depart, he was llayed by the eldcft Son of
the Lord CUmmii , (the Mafter of Clammii , he is called, in the Scottilli
Diale(5t) and he was flayed in Uich a manner , that he perceived him-
felftobeunderacuftody. The apprehenlions whereof, when it drew
fome tears fiom him , it moved no more compalion nor refpeft from
the froward Scots , but that it wns fitter for bojs tojhed tears then bearded Men.
This was the great work of the 23 day of Augufi: •, to which concurred
at the firft, to avoid fufpition , no more of the Nobility but the £arls
of Marre and Corvry , the Lords Boyd and L,ind[aj ^ and to the num-
ber of ten more of the better fort •, but afterwards the k€t was owned
over all the Nation , not onely by the whole Kirk party , but even by
thofe two were of contrary Fadiion to the Duke oi Lenox ^ who was
chiefly aimed at. The Duke, upon the firft advertlfement of this fur-
prize , difpatchtd fome men of Noble Qnalicy to the King , to know
in what condition he was, whether free or captive. The King return-
ed word that he was a captive , and willed him to raife what force he
could to reJeem him thence. The Lords on the other fide declared,
That they vv'ould not fuffer him to be mifled by the Duke o{ Lenox ^to the
oppreflion of Himfelf, the Church, and the whole Realm ; and there-
fore the Duke might do well to retire into France^ ox otherwife they '
would call him to a fad account for his former actions. And this being
done, they caufed the King to iffue out a Proclamation on the 28. In
which it was declared, Jhat he remaiendifi that pUce of his oivfi free-will:
That the Nobility then prefent had done nothwg which they were not in duty obli-
ged to do : That he took their repairing to him for a fervice acceptable to himfelf
and profitable to the Commonwealth : That therefore all manner ofperfons whtit-
focver which had levied any Forces^ under colour of his prefent refiraint , fhould
disband them within fix hours, under pain efTreafcn. But more particular-
ly , they caufe him to write a Letter to the Duke of Lowx (whom they
urnierftood to be grown confiderably ftrong for fome prefent adtion) by
which he was commanded to depart the Kingdom, before the 20 of Sep-
tember thta next following. On the receipt whereof, he withdraws him-
felf to the ftrong Cattle o( Dunbrittcn , that there he might remain in
fafety whilft he ftaidin Scotland, and from thence pafsiafely into Franc:
whenfoever he pleafed.
57. The news of this Surprize is poftedwith all (^etd to England :
And prefently the Queen fends her Embafladors to the King •, by
whom he wasadvertifed to reftore the £arl oi Angus , who had lived an
exile in £^2^/4Wfince the death o{ Mcrt on, whis Grace and Favour •, but
moft efpeciallyjthat in regard of the danger he was fallen into by the per-
vcrfe
Lib. V. Cl^e !^<ffoitoTti^e?$je0brtcrfei(r!j5. t§j
verfe counfelsof the Duke of L mx^ he would interpret favourably
whatfoeverhaa been done by the Lords which were theff about him. The
King was able to difcern, by the drift of this Embaffie, that the Queen
was privy to the pradice •, and that the £mbafsadors were fent thither
ritherto animate and encourage the Confpirators, then advlfe with
him. But not being willing at that time to difplcafe either her or them,
he abfolutely confents to the reftoriftg of the £arl of Angus ^ and to the
reft gave fuch a general anfwer, as gave feme hope, that he was not fp
incenfed by this Surprizeof his perfon, bat that hi^difpleafure mightbe
mitigated on their pood behaviour. And that the Queen of Scots alfo'
had the fame appreh:niions concerning the encouragement which they
had from the Queen of E^g-Z^-.c/j appears by her Letter to that Queen,
bearing date at Sheffield^ oni\\^ ^ oi November. In which flie intimates'
unto Her, That She iv.w houad in Religion., Duty and'juftice., not to help for'
wards their Defigns^ who [ecretly confpire His mine and Hers, both m Scotl.
andEng^. And thereupon did earneftly perfwade her, by their near Alli-
ance, r<? ^(^ f-^^-f/w/^j/^fr j'(?«i:wf//^jrc,w^?(?'w/'e'mfdfi^/e anyfitrther rvith the
affairs ^Scotland, without her privity or the French Kings •, and to hold them
for no other then Traytors., who dealt fo with Him at their pleafures. But as
Q^£//5:;,was not moved with her compIaintSjto recede from the bufinefs,
fo the Coiifpir.itors were refolved to purfue their advantage. They knew
on what terms the King ftood with the people o^ Edenhorongh^ or raioht
have known it, if they did not, by their Triumphant bringing back of
Dwrjp their excluded Minifter, as fc6;i as they heard thr firft news of the
Kings Reftraint. In confidence whereof, they bring him unto Hdyroed-
Houfcon theS of O^^iJi^t'r : the rather, in regard they underftood, that
the General AfTembly of the Kirk was to be held in that Town on the
next day after : of whofe g/^od inclinations to them, they were nothing
doubtful, nor was there reafbn why they lliould.
58. For having made a Formal Declaration to them, concerning the
necefTity of their repair unro the King, to the end they might take him
out of the liands of his£w/Co«»/c//tfrj, they deiired the faid Afsembly
to deliver their opinion in it. And they, good men, pretending to do
all things in the fear of Cod., and after mature deUyeration (as the aft impor-
teth) Hrft j«y?/]fe them in thachorrid £nterprize, tohave do ne good arid ac-
cept ahkfer vice to God^ their Soveraign., and their Native Countrey. And that
being done, they gave order. That all Miniflers fhould publickly declare to
their fcveral flocks., as well the danger into which the) were brought^ as the dt-
liverancewhichwas effected for themby thofe Noble Perfons •., with whom they
mre exhorted 10 unite themfelves., for the further deliverance of the Kirk., arid
perfect Reformation of the Commonwealih. Thus the AfTembly leads the way
and the Convention of Eftates follows fliortly after. By which it was
declared, in favour of the faid Confpirators, That in their repairing to the
King the Three and tnentieth of Augend lafi, and abiding with him Jince that
time^ andwhatjoevcr they had done inpurfu.tnce of it., they had done good, thank-
ful andnece(Jary fervicete the Kin^ and Country -^ and therefore they are tc be
exoneratedof all actions Civil or Criminal that mightbe intended againfi them^
or any of them in th.it refpeci., inhabiting thereby all the Subjefts to fpeak or
fitter any thing to the contrary, under the fain to be ejleemed Calumnia-
tors aid Difpcrfers off life Rumors., ar.4 to be pun:JJ>edfcr the fame accord-
ingly.
1^8 ^j^efiftoji?i)tt]^e^ie?5jbftemn0. Lib. v.
i»dy. The Duke perceives by thefe proceedings;, how -th;it cold Coun;-
ttey even in the coldeft time of the year, woulp be too^iot for him tp
CQOtinue any longer in it •, and having wearied himfelf with an ex><
vttSt^tlon offome better fortune, is forced at laft on the latter end of
jjecenfkno ^nt'mo Bfr>v/i-^, from whenc? he paffech j:o the Court of
B^elaftd., and from thence tQlraa^e^ never returning more unto his Na-
tural but IngratefulCountrey. The Duke hadharJly left the King--
dom when two Embaffadors came from France to attone the differen-
ces ^ 'to mediate for, the Kings deliverance, and to follicite that the
Queen (whofe liberty had been negotiated with the Queen of EngUnd
miotht be made Co-partner with Her Son in the Publick Government.
Which laft was fo difpleaiing to fome zealous Minifters, that they
railed againft them in their Pulpits, calling them Embafsadors of that
bloody Murtherer the Duke of Gmfe j and fooliflily exclaiming, that
the White-Crofs which one of them wore upon his ihouldcrs (as be-
in<^ a Knicht of the Order of the Holy Ghoft) was a Badge of Anti-
ch'rift. The King gives order to the Provoft and other Magiffrates of
the City oi Edenborough^ih^x the Embafsadors Iho'uld be fealted at their
soin«» away 5 and care is taken in providing all things necefsary for tlli
entertainment. But the good Brethren of the Kirk, in further .maaifefta^
tion of their peevilh Follies, Indi»^ a Faft upon that day, take up the
people in their long-winded Excrcifes from the morning till night, rail
all the while on the Embafsadors •, and with much difficulty, are dif-
fwaded from Excommunicating bjthtlie Magiftrates, and th- Guefts
to boot. .
1^8? 5^. The time of the Kings deliverance drew on apace, looner then
was expected by any of thofewhohad the cuftody of his perfon. Be-
ing permitted to retire with his Guards to FdkUnd-, that he might re-
create himfelf in Hunting, which he muchafftded, he^obtained leave
tobeftowavifiton hisUnclethe Earl of March, who then lay in St,
vi«^/-fn'j, not far off. And after he had taken fome refre(liment with
him, he procures leave to fee the Cattle : Into which he fvas no fooner
entred, but Col. .Srcip'tr/ the Captain of his Guard (to whom alone he
had communicated his defign) makes faft the gates againft the reft ; afld
from thence makes it known to all good Subjeiiis, that they fliould re-
pair unto the King, who by Gods great mercy had efcaped from the
hands of his enemies. This news brings thither on the next mcrning
theEarlsof ^r^^/Zf, Marjlhil, Montrofs and Rothefs : and they drew after
them, by their example, fuch a general concourfe, that the King finds
himfelf of fufficient ftrength to retnrn to Edenborough •, and from thence,
havin<y ftiewed himfelf to be in his former hberty, he goes back to
Ferth. Where fir ft by Proclamation, he declares the late reftraint of his
Perfon to be a moft treafonable ad : but then withall, to manifeft his
oreat affeftionto the peace of his Kingdom, he gives a Fre^arjd Ge-
neral Pardon to all men whatfoever which had aded in it 5 provided
that they feek it of him, and carry themfelves for the time coming like
obedieru fubjeds. The Kings efcape was made in the end of^wwe-and
\x\ December following, he calls a Convention of the Eftatts,, in which
the fubjeft of his Proclamation was approved and verified, the fad de-
clared to be Crimen Ufx Majejfatis^ or Treafon in the higheft degree. For
which
Lib.v. CljeWflojtof^i^j^sfbptertanjs. i^^
which, as fome were execure'd,'and others fled V fo'iiivefs of the Mitii-
fters that had been dealers in that matter, pretendipg they were perfedi-'
ted, had retired into England. For notwithftanding his Majefties -<Jr^ac
clemency in pardoning the Confpirators on fuch eaiie conditions, rhey
preferred rather the purfuing of their xyicked purpofes,rheh the eirjiy-
ing of a peaceable and quiet life. For whether it were that they prefo-'
med on fupplies from EngLind^ of which they had received no improba'--
ble hopes, as afterwards was confcifed by the Earl of Gorvry -^ or thiit
they built upon the Kirk- Fadion to come in to aid them, as the Gene-
ral AfTtrably had required •, they begin in all places to prepare for
fosic new Commotion •, but being deceived in all their hopes and expe-
dtations, they were confined to fev^eral Prifons, before the Convention
of Eftates -, and after it, upon a further difcovery of their preparations
and intentioiis, compelled to quit the Kingdom, and betake themfelves'
for thtii- protedion unto feveral Nations. Only the Earl of Cowry {laid
behind the reft, and he paid well for it. For being fufpeded to be ham-
mering fome new defign, he was took Prifoner at Dundee in the AfrU fol-
lowing, 1584, thence brought to Edri^orough^ and there condemned and
executed, as he had deferved.
In the mean time the Kirk-men were as troublefome as the Lay-
Confpirators. Drury^ fo often mentioned, in a Sermon at Edenborough^
had juftified thefact atifwfAf;? •, for which being cited to appear before
the Lords of the Council, he ftood in maintainance of that which he
had delivered-, butafrcrwards Uibmitting himfelf unto the King on more
fober thoughts, he was kept upon his good behaviour, without further
punldiment. But v^/^^rfWiWe/r'w was a man of another metal 5 who
being coinmanded to attend their Lordfhips for the like offence, decli-
ned the judgement of the King and Council, as having no cognizance of
thecaufe. To make which good, he broached this Presbyterian Do-
drine, That whatfoever was fpoken inthe Pulpit^ ought firjl to be trjed by the
Pfesbjterie -^ and that jieither the King nor Council were to meddle veith it,
thoigh the fame were treafonabk^ till the Presbyterie h.idfirfi taken notice of it.
But finding that the King and Council did refnlve to proceed, and had
entred upon examination of fome WitnefTes which were brought a-
gainfthim, he told the King (whether with greater Confidence or Im-
pudence is hard to fay) That he preached the Laws both of Cod and man. F.n
which undutiful Exprelli:)n, he was commanded Prifoner to the Caftle,
of Blacknefs, Inftead whereof, he takes Sandluary in the Town q{ Ber.
jv/c^j where he remained till way was made for his return •, the Pulpits
in the mean time founding nothing, but that the Li/rht of the Countr'i far
Learning and Piety., was forced for f if etj of his life to for fake the Kincrdom. lit
which Exile he was followed within few moneths after by Pahart Sub-
Dean 0? Glafco., Galloway., and Carmichiil, two inferiour Minifters ; who
being warned to tender their appearance to the King and Council, and
not appearing at the time, were thereupon pronounced Rebels, and fled;
,after the other. Nor was the Central Aftembly held zt Edenhorongh
of abetter temper then thefe Preachers were, in which thr Declarati-
on made at the laft Convention of Estates was itoutly eroded and en-
countred. The King, with the advice of his Ertates, had r'efolved tlie
Faftof furprizing His'Majefties perfonto be treafonable. But the Bre-
thren
200 '^t l^iftojt of ti^ f&jejil)ttenan0. Lib. v.
thren in thefaid AfTembly did nn only authorize And avorv the fame, but
alfoiefteeming their overt judgement to he the So'veraign judgement of the Realm)
did ordain all them to be excommunicated that would fubfcribe unto their o-
pinion,
6:1. The King perceiving that there was no other way to deal with
thefe men, then to husband the prefent opportunity to his beft advan-
tage, tefolved to proceed againfl them in fuch away, as might difable
them from committing the like infolencies for the time to come. The
chief Incendiaries had been forced to quit the Kingdom, or oth^rwife
deferteditof their own accords, the better to efcape the punifliment
which their crimes had merited. The great Lords, on whole ftrength
they had moft prefumed, were either under the like exile in the neigh-
bouring Countries, or elfe fo weakned and difanimated, that they durft
notftir. So that the King being clearly Mafler of the Field, his Coun-
fellors in f^ood heart, and generally the Lords and Commons in good
terms of obedience, it was thought fit to call a Parliament, and therein
to ena6t fuch Laws, by which the honour of Religion, tlie perfonal
fafety of the King, the peace and happinefsof the Kingdom, and the
profperityof the^^Church might be-madefecure. In which Parliament
it was enadedamongft other things, (the better to encounter the pro-
ceeding's of the Kirk, and moft Zealous Kirkmen) Th,it -i.one of his
Hi^hnefs Subjects in t.me ccmjngyjhould pre fume to take upon them by word or
■writin'^-, tojufiife the late treafunable attempt at Ruthen-, or to hep m Re-
^ifter or fiore any Books approving the fame z» any fort. And in regard the
Kirk had lb abufed his Majefties gooJnefs, by which their Presbyteri-
al Scflions, the general Aflfemblies, and other meetings of the Kirk, were
rather connived at then allowed -, an Act was made to regulate and re-
ftrain them for the times enfuing : for by tliat Aft it was ordained, That
from thenceforth nonefhould prcfume or take upon them to Convocate, Convene^
or affemblethemfelves together for holding of Councils, Conventions, or Jffein-
blies ' to treat, confult-, or determine m any matters of Ejlate, Civil or Ec-
clefi&flical, (excepting the ordinary yidgements) without the Kings fpecial com-
mandment.
6z. In thenext place, the Kings lawful Authority in caufes Eccle-
fiaftlcal,fo often before impugned, was approved and confirmed^ and
it was made treafon for any roan to refufe to anfwer before the King,
thou«^hit were concerning any matter which was Ecclefiaftical. The
third^Eftate of Parliament (that is, the Bilhops) were reftored to the an-
cient dit^nity -, and it was made treafon for any man, after tha t time, to
procure the innovation or dimmution of the Power and Authority of
any of the three Eftates. And for as much as through the wicked, licentioM,
puUick And private Speeches, and untrue calumnies of divers his Highnefs fitb-
\e£ts (I fpeak the very words of the Aft) to the difdain, contempt, and re-
proach of his Mayfly, his Council and proceedings -, fir ring up his Highnefs fub-
']e^s thereby to mijlking, [edition, unquietnefs ; to cafl off their due obedience to
his. Ma]ejiy : Therefore it is ordained, that none ofhisfub]e^)fh.illprefHmecr
take upon them privately or publickly, in Sermons, Declarations, or familiar
Conferences, to utter anyfalfe,fandalous, and untrue Speeches, to the difdain,
reproach and contempt of hU Ma]e(ly, his Council-, and proceedings -, or to meddle
in the affairsof his Highnefs, under pain of treafon. And lafliy, an Aft was
palVd
Li^. V. Clje i^taojf of tl^c |&?c0l)pteria!i^.
lOt
pafs'd for calling in of Budanatts ViidoTy , that Mafter-piece of Sedition^
inutu\ed,Deiure Regm afitd Scotos •, and that moft infamous libel, which
he called The Detection : by which lait Adts his Majefty did not ontly
take care for preventing the like fcandalous and fedicious praftices for
the time to come,but fatisfied hirafelf by taking fome revenge upon them
in the times foregoing.
53. The Minifters could not want intelligence of particulars be-
fore they were palTed into Adts. And novy or never was the time to
bc-ftir themfelves, when their dear Helena was in fdch apparent danger
to be raviihed from them. And firft,it was thought necelTary to fend
one of their number to the King, to mediate either for the total difmif-
fing of the 2///^^ prepared, or thefufpending of them at thekaft for a lon-
ger time •, not doubting, if they gained tne laft, but that the ffrft would
eafily follow of it felf. On this Errand they imploy Mr. David LandUy,
Minifter of the Church of Leith; a man more moderate then the reit'
and therefore more efteemed by the King then any other of that bo-
dy. And how far he might have prevailed, it is hard to fay; But
Captain ^ames Stewart (commonly called the Earl oi Jnan) who then
governed the Affairs of that Kingdom , having notice of it, caufed him
to bearrefteJ, under colour of maintaining intelligence with the Fugi-
tive Minifters in EngUnd •, imprifoned him for one night in Idenborouzh,
and fends him the next day to the Caftleof5/4cX'»f/},where heremainei
almoft a year. Upon the news of his commitment , Larvfon and Belcan-
qtt.il^ two of the Minifters oi Edenborengh^ forfake their Churches
and joyn thrmfelves unto their Brethren in England • firll leavinf^ a Ma-
nifeit behind them , in which they publifhed the Reafons of their fud-
den departure, ^o'm Dury, fo often before mentioned, had lately been
confined at Montrofs •, fo that no Preacher was now left in Edenlorott^h,
or the Port adj lyning , to intercede for themfelves and the Kirk in that
prefent exigent. By means whereof the Afts were pafsed without in-
terruption. But when they were to be proclamed , as the cuftom
is, Mr Fokrt Pont ^ Minifter of Saint C«/^fr/j, and one of the Sena-
tors of the Colkdge of Juftice , (for the good Minifters might a^a in
Civil Matters, though the Bifliops might notj took Inftrumentsin.the
hands of a publick Notary , and openly protefted againft thofe .•\(5ls,
n. ver agreed to by the Kirk -jand therefore that neither the Kirk,nor any
of the Kirk-men, were obliged to be obedient to them. Which havin<?
done, he fled alfo into England to the reft of his Brethren ■ and beino-
proclaimed Rebel loft his place in the SelTions.
64. The flying of fo many Minifters, arrd the noife they made in
England :iZ^in(i thofe Ads, encreafed a fcandalous opinion which them-
felves had railed, of the Kings being inclined to Popery: anditbegan
to be fo generally believed , that the King found hitiiftlf under a neceflity
of redifying his reputation in the eye of the World by a publick ^fani-
fefi. In which he certifi.-d as well to his good fubjeds, as to all others
whatfoevcrwhom it might concern, as well the juftoccafion which had
moved him to pafs thofe A(fts , as the great Equity and Reafon which
appeared in them. And amongft thefe occafions , hercckoneth the
juftifyino of the fadl at Ruthen by the publick fuffrage of the Kirk •, Mel-
vim declining of the judgment of the King andCouncil^theFadt indi(Sted
t><i at
202 Cl^e !pifto?^ c( tlje ^jesJbttcttan^. Lib. v.
ac the encertainment of the French EmbaiTadors -, their frequent general
Faft proclaimed and kept in all pacts of the Reahn by their Authority,
without his privity and confent ^ the ufurping of the Ecclehaftical ju-
rifdidion by a certain number of Minifters , and unqualified Gentlemen,
in the Presbyteries and Alfemblies-, the alteration of the Laws, and
makino new ones at their plealure , which muft bind the Subject 5 th^
drawin^*' to themfelves of all fuch caufcs, though properly belonging to
theCourtsof Ju(Hce, in which was any mixture of fcandal : On which
account they forced all thofe alfo to fubmit to the Churches Cenfures,
who had been accufed in thofe Courts , for Murther, Theft, or any like
enormous crimes, though the party either were abfolved by the Court it
felf or pardoned by the King after condemnation. But all this could
not'ftop the Mouths, and much lefs ftay the Pens of that Wafpiih Sed •,
fome flying out againft the King in their fcurrilous Libells , bald Pam-
phlets, and defamatory Rythmes ^ others with no lefs violence inveigh-
ing againft him in their Pulpits, but moil efpecially in England , where
they were out of the Kings reach, and confequently might rail on with-
out fear of puniChment. By them it was given out, to render the King
odious both at home and abroad •, That the King endeavoured to extin-
sui(h the light of the Gofpel , and to that end had caufcd thofe Ads to
pafs aoainft it : That he had left nothing of the whole ancient Form of
Tufticeand Polity in the Spiritual Eftate, but a naked iliadow : That
Popery was immediately to be eftablifhtd, if God and all go.od men came
not in to help them : That for oppofing thefe impieties , they had beea
forced to flee their Countrey,and ling the Lords Song in a ftrange Land-,
with many other reproachful and calumnious paflages of like odious
nature.
65. But lofers way have leave to talk ^ as the faying is 5 and by this
barking they declared fufficiently that they could not hite. I have now
breu^^ht the Presbyterians to their lowed fall •, but we lliall fee them veiy
fhortly in their refurreftions. In the mean time it will be feafonable to
pafs into England-, that we may fee how things were carried by their Bre-
thren there,till we have brought them alfo to this point of time,and then
"^ we {ball unite them all together in the courfe of their ftory.
the End of th: Fifth ^ojk.
i^f
U
»®3_
JE%^lVs \ET>IVIVV S
OR THE
HISTORY
OF THE
Presbyterians
L I B. VI.
Containing
The beginning , progrefs md proceedings of the Puritan Faftion in
theHejlm e/England ^ in reference to their hmoiV aliens hoth in
Do^rines and Forms ofWorjhip ■■, their Oppefition to the Church,
and the ^ks thereof \ jromthe heginningof the ^ign of ^ng
Edward^/. 1548, fof/^e FifteentI? year of Queen Elizabeth,
Jnn0'"i'yj2.
S^He Reformation of the Church o£ En^Uftd was ipni
into fo good a way by King f/e^f^the Eighth, that
it was no hard matter to proceed upon his begin-
nings. He had once declared himielf fo much in
favour of the Church of if ow?, by writing againft
Martin Luther^ that he was honored with the Title
of Defenfor Fidet (or tlie Defender of the Faith) by
Pope Le(/X. Which Title he afterwards united
by A(5l of Parliament to the Crown of this Realm , not many years be-
fore hisdeath.But a breach hapning betwixt him and Pope Clement VII.
Dd J
concerning
ao4
Ci^e l^iftojt t^tm I^?e0t^tenan0.
Lib. V I.
concerninc^ his defired Divorce t, he firft prohibits all appeals and ocher
cccafions of reforcto the See of Rome ^ procures himfclf to be acknow-
ledged by the Prelates and Clergy in theif Convocation , iox Sufrexm
HeadO^ Earth of the Church of England -^ obtained a promii'e of them
in 'verboSacerdotii (which was then equal to an Oath) neither to make^
promulge,nor execute any Ecckfiaftical conftitutions,butas they fli-^uld
be authorized thereunto by his Letters Patents •, and then proceeds unto
an kSi for extinguifliing the uturped Authority of the Bifliop <d[ Borneo
But knowing what a ftrong party the Pope had in England ^ by nafon
of that hu^^e multitudes of Monks and Fryers which depcndca on him, he
firft diflblves all Moiiafterits and R.eligious Ho\ifts,whieh were not able
to difpend three hundred Marks of yearly Rent •, and after draws in all
the reft upon Surrendries , Religuations, or fome other Praftices. And
having brought to work fo far, he caufed the Bible to be publiflied in the
Englifti Tongue, indulged the private reading of it taaU ptr.ous of qua-
lity and to fuch others alfo as were of known judgement and di'crerion •,
commanded the Epiftles and Gofpels, tlie Lor is Prayer, the Creed, and
the Ten Commandments J to be rehearfed openly to the p.'ople on every
Sunday and Holy Day in the Enghjh Tongue •, and ordered the tany
alfo to be read in Englif) upon Wedr.efddys and Fndays He had caufed
moreover many rich bhrines and Imagts to be defaced, 'uch as liad moft
notorioufly been abufed by Oblations, Pilgrimages, and other the like
ads of Idolatrous Worftiip •, and was upon the point alU* toabolifh the
Mafs it Tel f, concerning which he had fome fecret communication with
the French EmbalTador, Kfex fpeak him rightly.
z. But what he did not live to do, and perhaps never would have
done had he lived much longer, was brought to pafs in the next Reign
of Kint^ EdivardWl. In the beginning whereof, by the Authority of the
Lord Proteftor, the diligence of Archbifliop Crnnmtr , and the endea-
vours of many other learned and Religious men, a Book of Homilies was
fer out to inftrud the people •, Injunftions publiflied fur the removing of
all Images formerly abufed to Superftition , or falfe and counterfeit in
themfelvts. A Statute paft in Parliament for receiving the Sacrament in
.both kinds, and order given to the Archbifhop of Canterbury , and fome
other Prelates, to draw a Form ^^r the Adminiftration of it according-
ly, to the honour of God , and the moft Edification of all good people.
The news whereof no fooner came unto Geneva , but Cahm muft put in
for a (hare •, and forthwith writes his Letters to Archbifliop Cranmer-, in
which he offereth his afliftance to promote the fervicejf hethought it ne-
ceffary.But neither Cranmer^ Ridley, nor any of the reft of the Englijh Bi-
fliopscouldfeeanyiuchneccfllcyofit, but that they might be able to do
well without him. They knew the temper of the man,how bufie& prag-
maticalhe had been in all thofe places in which he had been fuffered to
intermeddle •, that in fome points of Chriftian Dodrine he d^iffered from
the oeneral current of the Ancient Fathers-, and haddevifed fuch away
of Ecclefiaftical Polity, as was deftrudive in itfelf to the Sacred Hier-
archy, and never had been heard of in all Antiquity. But becaufe
they would give him no offence, it v.as refolved to carry on the work by
nonei^ut Englijh hands, till they had perfeded the compofing of the Pu-
blick Liturgy .with all the Rites and Ceremonies in the fame contained.
And
Lib. VI. Cl^e!^taoj^oftl^e}^jc?sbptcriain0. 20^
And that being- done, it was conceived not to be improper if they
made ufe of certain learned men of the Proceflant Churches for reading
the Divinity- Leisures, and moderating Difpucations in both UnivtrA-
ties -, to the end chat the younger Students might be trained up in found
Orthodox Doiftrine. On which account the-y invited Martin Bucer znd
jPf^fr/Z^r/jT, two men of emineni: parts and learnlns;, to come over ro
them ^ the one of which they difpjfed in 0Ar<7/;, ana the other at Caftt-
bridge. This might have trviubled Cdvin more then his own'repulfe, but
that he thought himfelf fufficiently aflured oi Peter ilartyr^ who by rea-
fon of his long living amongft the Smtzers, and his ntar Neighbour-
hood to Geneva^ might poflibly be governed by his Diredlions. But be-
canfeJacfr had no fuch dependence on him, and had withal been very
much converfantin the luthera;? Chutchts^ keeping himfelf in all his
Reformations in a moderate courfe : he pradifeth to gain him alfo, or
at leafl t j put him into fuch a way as might come neareft to his own.
Upon which grounds he pofts away his Letters to him, congratulates his
invitation into England: but above all, advifeth him to have a care that
he endeavoured not there, as in other places, either to be the Author or
Approver of fuch moderate Counfels, by which the parties might be
brought to a Reconcilement,
3. For thefatisfadlion of thefe ftrangers, but the laft efpecially, the
Liturgie is cranflated intoLatineby y^/f.vWfr Aleftus^ a right Learned
Scot, ACopyof whofe Tranflation, or the fum thereof, being fent
to Cnhin^ adriiniftred no fmall matter of offence unto him •, not fo
much becaufe any thing in it could be judged offenfive,but becaufe ic fo
much differed frcimthofe of his own conception. Thepeopleof ^w--
land h:Ld received it as an heavenly treafure feat down by Gods great
mercy to them -, all moderate men beyond the Seas applauded the fe-
licity of the Church of £;^^/rf«^, in faihioning fuch an excellent Form
of Gods Publick Worlhip-, and by the Aft of Parliament which con-
firmed the fame, it was declared to have been done ^^ ^/&f fpecid a'd of
the Holy Ghoft. But Calvin was refolved to think othervvife of it,-,
declaring his diflike thereof in a long letter written to the Lord Prote-
dor : In which he excepceth more particularly againft Commemoration
of the dead (which he acknowledgeth notwichftandin^ to be very an-
cient •,) as alfo againft chrifm^oc Oyl inBaptifni, and the Form of Yi-
fiting the fick: and thenadvife;h, that as AX^ell thefe, as all the reft of
the Rites and Ceremonies, be cut off at once. And that this grave
advice might not prove unwelcome, he gives us fuch a Rule or Reaifon,
as afterwards raifed more trouble to the Church of ^zj^/^W then hisbare
advice. }^\sV^\A^isx.\\\%Tkitt in carrying on th: work of a Reformation,
there is net any thing to be exa^ed, which is not warranted and recfuired by the
Word of God : That in fuch cafes there is no Rule left for worldly wifdom , for mo -
derjtion and compliance : but all things to be ordered oi they are dire^ed by hU
will revealed. What ufe his Followers madeof their Mafters Rule,in cry-
;ing down the Rites and Ceremonies of this Church (as Superfltiious^ An- _
f/tr^'-{/?T4«, and what el fe they pleafed) becaufe not found exprefly and
particularly in the Holy Scriptures, we fliall fee hereafter.
In the meantime,we muft behold him in his Applicationsto the Kinc?
and Counciljhis tampering with Archb. Cranmer^ his praftifing on men
of
205 Cl^e "t^inm 0^ t^^ ilje^tttermn^. Lib. VL
of all conditions to encreafe his party. For finding little benefit to re-
dound unto him by his Letter to the Lord Protedor, he fets uponthe
Kin<7 himfelf? and tells him plainly, that there were many things a-
miffwhich required Reformation. In his Letters unto the King and
Council, as he writes to BtilUnger^ he had excited them to proceed in the
woodwork which they had begun-, that is to fay, that they fiiould fp
proceed as he had direded. With Crmmn he is imore particular, and
tells him in plain terms, That in the Liturgie of this Churchy as then itfiocd,
there remained a whole mafs of Poperjy which did not only hlemifh, hut deflrqy
cods Publick Werjh/p. But fearing he might not edifie with the Godly
Kine afliftedbyfo wife a Council, and fuch Learned Prelates, he hath
his Emiflfaries in the Court, and amongft the Clergie-, his Agents in
the City and Country,his Intelligencers (one Monfieur Nicholas amongft
the reft) in the Univerfity. All of them adlve and induftrious to ad-
vance his purpofes, but none more mifchievoufly practical then ^ohn
jlafco, a Polonian horny but a profeft Cahinian both in Doftrine and
Forms of Worftiips who coming out of PoUnd with a mixed Congre-
gation -, under pretence of being forced to fly their Countrey for pro-
?efllnt> the Reformed Religion, were gratified witli the Church of Ju-
^uftin^e-Vtyers in London (or their publick ufe •, and therein futfered to
enjoy their own way, both inWorlhip and Government, though in
both exceedinc^ different from the Rules of this Church. In many
Churches of this Realm the Altarswere left ftanding as in former times,
and in the reft the holy Table was placed Akar-wife ac the Eaft-end of
the Quire. But by his party in the Court, he procures an Order from
the Lords of the Council, forcaufing the faid Table to be removed,and
to be placed in the middleof the Church or Chancel, like a commpn
Table, It wastheufage of this Church to give the holy Sacrament un-
to none but fuch as kneeled at the participation, according to the pi-
ous order of the primitive times. Bnt ^ohn Jlafco comins, out of Po-
land, where the Arrians fwho deny the Divinity of Chrift our Saviour)
hadintrodnced the ufe of fitting, brought that irreverend cuftom into
En^landmth him. And not content with giving fcandal to this Church
by the ufe thereof in his own Congregation, he publirtieth a Pamphlet
in defence of that irreverend and fawcygefture, becaufe moft proper
ftor a Supper. The Liturgie had appointed feveral Offices for many of
the Feftivals obferved in the moft regular times of Chriftianity : Some
of the Clergy in the Convocation muft be fet on work to queftion the
conveniency, if not the lawfulnefsof thofe obfervations, confidering
that all days are alike, and therefore to be equa.ly regarded in a Church
Reformed. Andfome there were which raifed a fcruple touching the
words which were prefcribed to be ufed in the delivery of the Bread and
Wine to the Congregation.
5'.. Not to proceed to more particulars, let it fumce that thcfe Emif-
faries did fo ply their work, by the continual foUiciting of the King,the
Council, and the Convocation.that at the laft the Book was brought to
a review. The produd or refult whereof was the fecond Llturgis^ co/.i-'
firmedin Parliament ^wMj, 6 £^ir.<5. By the tenour of which AA it
may appear, firft, that there was nothing contained in the faid Book,
hMi what WAS Agreeable tothe Word of God, and the Primitive church, lierj
cwm-
Lib. V I. C]^e K^taojti? Of tf)z ^}t^\3ttmkn^. 107
comfortable to dl good pcfk dcfiring to l/ve in Chrifiun convcrfntion "axU
mofi profitable to the Efiate of this Realm. And fecondly, Thai: fuch doubts
as had been ratfedtn the ufc and exereife thereof proceeded rather fron the Cu-
riofity of the Mintfter and AJtfakers^then of any other worthy caufe. And
thereuponwemay conclude, that the firft Licurgie was dilcoiitiniied,
and the fecond fuperinduced upon it after this review, to give latisifa-
dion unto C ^ilv;m Civ'ils-, the curiofitic^s of fomt-, and the miftakesof
others of his Friends and Followers. But yet this would not Live the
turn •, they mult have all things modellt-d by the Form oF Ge^ci'^r, or
elfeno quiet to be had: Which fincc they could not gain in England.,
in the Reign of King Edward {\v\\o6.iA not long outlive the letling of
the fecond Liturgie) they are refolved more eagerly to purfue the pfo-
j€(ft in a forein Country, during their exile and afflidion in the Rei-'n of
Queen Marf. Such of the Englifli as retired toEmbden^ Strasburg:^Bafil^
or any other of the Free and Imperial Cities, obferved no Form of
Worship in their Publick Meetings, Imt this fecond Liturgie. In con- i
trary whereof, I'uch as approved not of that Liturgy when they were in
England^ united themfelves into a Church or Congregation in the City
of Frankfort^ where they fet up a mixt Form of their own deviling, but
fuchas carried fome refcmblance to the Book of England. Whittir.ghjim
was the firlt who took upon himfelf the charge of this Congregaticn' ^
which after he religned to Knox, as the fitter man to carry on the work
intended, who having retired to Gene'va ©n the death of King Edv>ard^
and from thence publiflied fome receous Pamphlets againft the Regi-
ment of Women, and otherwil'e defamatory of the Empcrour and The
Queen of England.^ was grown exceeding dear to Calvin md the reft of
that Confiftory. By his indeavours, and the forwardnefs of too manV
of the Congregation, that little which was ufed of the Englifli Liturgy
wis quite laidaiide, and all things brought more near the Order which
he found at Geneva ^ though fo much differing from that alfo, as to Iri- ^
ti-tle Jir»ox for the Author of it. . :..
6. The noife of this great Innovatloh brings GryyJal and Chdm-
hers from the Church o( Strasburg to fet matters right. By whom it ivki
purpofed, that the fubfiance of the Englifli Book being ftill retaincd,there
might be a forbearance of fome Ceremonies and Ofiicesin it. But
Knox2iniWhntinghamv;txQ:is,\^nch. bene again ft the fubftance of the
feook, asagainft any of theCircumftantialsand Extrirtfe:als which be-
longed onto it. So that no good effed following on diis inrerpofitioiW
tihfc Agents of the C\\mc\\o{ Strasbttrg return back to their brethren,
who by their Letters of the 13 ofZ)firf»?^£'rexpoftulateiii vain about It.'
Toputanend to thefe Difputes, no betffr way co^id-b'e 'deVifec! .by
Knox and Whittingham, then to require the tonntenanc'e of C^/w^jWlucn
they thoug!\t would carry it. To Iiim they fend an Abftrad oT'^tlie'
Book of England J that by hispqfi'tive'aiicldeferrainatc Sentence (vvhiclf
they prefumed would be in favourof his' own) it might ftand or fall.
And he returns this Anfwer to ■ them,(i) Thlit in the Book of England, ^'W j^ ^f'*^'
hy themdifcribedf^e had obfervedwany tolerable Fooleries z,that though thirtfJ^im 'mihi
tvoi nomanifefl impicty., yet it wanted mKch of that purity tvw§ Was to be dcp- V^'^'^^f'^
red in it; and that it contained many Reliqaes of the dregs of Fo'pety : and final- Toilrlbiu!^'*
iy,thatth0:tghit was lawful t& begin rvith fuch beggcrlj Etidtments. yet it ^f- '«/>f:«.
hoved
2o8 '^^ l^iftojt of t^ |&?es5l)^tenan0. Lib. \ i.
hoved the Learned^ Godly and Grave Minifiers ef Chrtfije [ec forth jtme-
thirig more refined from Filth and Riijlinefs. Which letter iee at large in
thefirft Bookot thisHiftory, Numb. 17. This Anlwer fo prevailed
upon all his Followers, that they who fometimes had approved, did
now as much diflike the Englifh Liturpe ^ and thofe who at firft had con-
ceived a diflike thereof, did afterwards grow into an open deteftation
of it. In which condition of Affairs. Dr. Richard Cox^ Dr. Home, and
others of great Note and Quality, put themfclves alio into Frankfort,
where they found all things contrary to their expedation. Cox had been
Almoner to King Edward VI, Chancellor of the Univerfity of Oxon,
Dean of Wef^injlert one that had a chief hand in corapofing the Eng-
l/fh Liturgie •, which naade him very impatient of fuch Innovations, a-
mounting to nolefs then a total rtjedtion of it, as he found amongft
them. By his Authority and appointment the Ei.glijh Litany is firft
read, and afterwards the whole Book reduced into ufe and practice.
A^ainft which when Knox began to rail in a publick Sermon, (accor-
ding^ to his wonted cuftom) he isaccufed by Cox to the Senate oi Frank-
fort for his defamatory writings againft the Empciour and the Qaeen of
England. Upon the news wTureof, /C^wox forfakes the Town, retires
himfelf unto his Sanftuaryat G'e/?evi», and thither he is followed by a
oreat part of his Congregation, who made foul work in England at^
their coming home.
7. But this about the Liturgy, though it was the greatcft, was not the
onelv quarrel which was raifed by the Zuinglian or Cahm/an Zealots.
The'Charch prefcribed theufe of Surplices in all Sacred Offices, and
CoaPes in the officiating at the holy Altar. It prefcribed alfo a diftindl
habitin the Clergy from the reft of the people-, Rec he t s 3.nd. chimeres
for the Blfliops^ Ccivw,7'//)^f?;, a.ivl Canonical Coats for the reft of the
Clergy •, the fquare Cap for all. Their oppolition in the ufe of the Sur-
plice much confirmed and countenanced, as well by the writings, as
the pradtice of Peter Martyr • who kept a conftant intercourfe with Cal-
vin at his being here. For in his Writings he declared to a Friend of
his, (whorequiredhis judgement in the cafe) that fuch Veftments be-
ing in themfelves indifferent, could make no man godly or ungodly,
either by forbearanceor theufe thereof •, but that he thought it more
expedient to the good of the Church, that they and all others of that
kind ihould be taken away ,w hen the next convenient opportunity fliould
prefent it felf. Which judgement as he grounds upon Cahms 'Rnlcy
that nothing (hould be adted in a Reformation which is not warranted
exprcfly by the Word of God •, fo he adds this to it of his own, that
where there is fo much contending for thefe outward matters, there
is but little care of the true Religion. And he afTures us of himfelf (in
point of pradice) that though he were a Canon of Chrifl-Ckurch, and
dili«'ent enough in attending Divine Service as the others did, yet he
could never be perfwaded toufe that Yeftment ^ which mu ft needs a-
nimate all the reft of the Genevians to forbear it alio. The like was
done by ^ohn JLifco^ in crying down the Regular habit of the Clergy
before defcrib'd. In which prevailing little by his own authority, he
writes to M^Bucer to declare againft it ; and for the fame was moft fe--
verely reprehended by that moderate and learned man, and all hisca-.
vih
Lib.vL c^ci^tfto?^oft^e|&je0b^enan0.
20^
vils and ohjcCtions Very folidly anfwered. Which being fent unto hiiri
in the way of a Lecrer, was afterwards printed and difperfed, for keep-
ing down that oppoiite humour, which began then to over-fwell the
Banks, and threatned to bear all before it. But that which made the
greateii noife, was the carriage of Mr. ^ehn Hooper^ Lord Eled of Glou-
cefier, who having lived amoiigft the Switiers in the time of King Henrj^
did rather choofe to be denied his ConCecration, then to receive it in
that habit which belonged to his Order. At firft the Editl oi Warwick
(who after w:is Duke of iVtfr//;»w^f^/<*«i) interceded for him, and after-
wards drew in the King to make one in the bufinefs. But CranmeryRidley^
and the reft of the Bifhops who were moft concerned, craved leave not
to obey His Majcftyagainft his Laws 5 and in the end prevailed fo far
that Ho9fer for his contumacy was committed Prifoner 5 and from the
Piifun writes his Letters to Martin Bttcer and Peter Martjr^ for their opi-
nion in the cafe. From the laft of which, who had declared himfelf no
Friend to the Englifli Ceremonies, he might prefume of fome encourage-
' meat •, the rather, in regard that Calvin had appeared on his behalf, who
muft needs have a hand in tliis quarrel alfo. For under/landing how
things went, he writes unto the Duke of Somrfet to attone the diffe-
rence^ not by perfwading ffdoper to conform himfelf to the received Or-
ders uf the Church, but to lend the man a helping hand, by which he
raigh;: be able to hold out againfl all Authority.
8. But Hooper being deferted by the Earl of Warwick^ and not daring
to relie alti:)gether upon Cdvins credit, which Was unable to fupporc
him, fubmits atlaft unto the pleafure of his Metropolitan, and the
Rules of the Church. So th(at in fine the bufinefs was thus compromifedj
that is to fay, ThiitbeflmtldrecewehisConfecrAtion attired in his EpifcoPal
Robes : That hc/heiildbe difpen\edrvtthd from wearing them at ordinary times as
his daily habits ; but that hejhouldbe bound to ufe them whenfoever he preach'
ed before the King in his own Cathedral-, or any other place of like pttblick na-
ture. According to which Agreement, being appointed to preach be-
fore the King, he flicwed himfelf apparelled in his Billiops Robes ;
viz., A long Scarlet C^/»?ere reaching down to the ground for his upper
Garment (changed in Qieen Elizabeths timt to one of black Sattin)and
under that a whiteLinen ifoc^ff, with a Square Cap on his head. This
Fox reproachechby the nameof a Pop/fh Attire, and makes it to be a
S,r€3.t ca'ife 'of fiame anicontumelie to that godly man. But notwithftanding
the fubmiflioii of this Reverend Prelate, too many of the inferiour
Glergie were not found fo tradable in their conformity to the Cap and
Tippet, the Gown, and the Canonical Coat ^ the wearing whereof was
required of them, whenfoever they appeared in publick : Being decrved
alfo by //Ai/ffl and the reft ohhe Zuinglians or Calvinians^ zs a Superfiiti-
o;tszndPop/fh Attire, altogether as unfit for Miniftersofthe holy Gof-
pel, as the Chimere and Rochet werefor thofe who claimed to be the
SuccefTors of the Lords Apoftlcs. So Tym replied unto Bilhop Gardiner^
, when being asked whether a Coat, with ftockins of divers colours,
vv'ere a fit apparel for a Deacon : He fawcily madeanfwer, that his Fe-
_/?«rc did not (0 much vary from a Deacons, oi his Lordfhips did from that of an -
Afoflle. Which palVage, as well concerning the debates about the Li-
curgie, as about the Veftments, I have here abbreviated leaving
Ee the
% I o Cl^c f t6c?t of ttie ^ie0bttenan0. Lib. v L
the Reader for his farther fatisfadlion to the Hiftory of the Reforraa-
tioa QOt long fince publiflied,, in which they are laid down at large in
their tinfies and places.
9. Nor did they work lefs trouble to the Church in thofe early days,
by their endeavouring to advance fome ZutngliAn Dodrines, by which
the blame ofall mens fins was either charged upon Gods will, or his
Divine Decree of Predeftination. Thefe men are called in Bifhop
Hoofers Preface to the Ten Commandments by the name of Gofpeffers^
for making their new Dodrines fucha necelTary part of our Saviours
Gofpeljas if men could not poflibly be faved without it. Thefe Do(ftrines
they began to propagate in the Reign of King Edward; but never were
fo bufie at it, as when they lived at Geneva^ or came newly thence. For
firft ^nox publilhethabook againfl:an^iwr/<jr)( of Gods Predejlwdtion j
wherein it is declared. That n^hatfecver the Ethnxks and ignorant did attri-
bute to Fortune^ by chrifiians u to he affigned to Gods heavenly Providence :
Thai JVC ought to ytdgc nothing to come of Fortune., but that all comet h by the de-
terminate counfel of God: Jnd finally, that 2t would be djjpleafmg unto God, if
we efteem any thin^ to proceed from any other ; and that we do not ouly behold him
as the principal caufc of all things .^ but alfo the Author-, appointing all things to
one cr the other by his only Counfel. After came out a Book firit written
in French, and afterwards by fome of them tranflated into EngUfli,
which they called, A brief Declaration of the Table of Predeftination : In
which is put down for a principal Aphorifm, That in like manner as God
hath appointed the cnd^it u necefjary that he jhould appoint the caufes leading to the
^meend', hut more particularly^ Thjt by virtue of Gods will all things a,e
done, yea even thofe things which are ev/l and execrable.
lo. At the fame time came out another of their books, pretended to
be writ Againft a privy Papift, as the Title tells us •, wherein is maintain-
ed more agreeably to Calvins Dodlrine, Th.it all evil fpringeth of Gods Or^
' dmance, and that Gods Predeftination was the caufc of Pidams fall, and of all
wickednefs. And in a fourth book ^\xh\i'A\tA by Robert Cowley, who af-
terwards was Redtor of the Church of S. fy/yf J- near Cripplegat:, intitu-
led. The confutation of Thirteen Articles •, it is faid exprefly, That Adam be-
inefoperfe^ a creature that there w^s in him no luft to fin, And yet fo weak that
ofhimfelfhe was not able to reftft the affault ofthefubtile Serpent •, that therefore
there can he no remedy^ hut that the onlycaufe of his fill mufi needs be the Pre-
deftin^itton of God. In which book it is alfo faid, That the moft wicked
perfoxs that have been, were of God appointed to he wicked even as they were :
That ifGoddopredcfUnate a man to do things rafhly, and without any deliherati'
en, hejhall not deliberate at all., but run headlong upon it be it good or evil: And
in a word. That we are compelled by Gols Predeftination to do thofe things for
which we are damned- By which Defenders of the abfolute Dccreeof Re-
■ probation -, as God is made to be Author of fin, either in plain terms, or
undeniable confequence 5 fo from the fame men, and the Genevian
Pamphlets by them difperfcd, our Englifii O/t^/^//?/ have borrowed all
their Grounds and Principles on which they build the abfolute and
irrefpcitive Decree of Predeftination, contrary to the Dodrines pub-
lickly maintained and taught in the Church 0^ England in the time of
King Edward, and afterwards more clearly explicated under Queen Eli-
zabeth,
1 1. Such
Lib, V I. '^t ^imt of t^e Ptm^tttiskmi i 1 1
lii Such was the {::foflure of affairs it Qaem£lizScths fifiicomin
{othe Crown of England, when to the points before difputed both al
home and abroad, was raifed another of more weight and confequence
then all the reft; and fuch, as (if it could begainedj would brin^ on
the other. Snch as had lived in exile amongft the Smtzers, or follow-
ed Knox at his return unto Geneva, became exceedingly enamoured of
Cahmi Platform ; by which they found fo much Authority nfcribed,
unto the Minifters in the feveral Churches, as might make them abfo-
lute and independant,withou£ being called to an account by Kincr or g^j^
{hop. This Difcipline they purpofed to ptcmoteat their eoming^home 5
and to that end, leaving fome few behind them to attend the finifliincr of
the Bible with the Genevun Notes upon it, which was then in the Prefs
the reft return amain for £«^/W to purfuethe Projed.But C^ia; had done
their errand before they came 5 and Hie had heard fo much from othefS
of their carriage at FrankfortyZnd tiieir untra^ablenefs in point of Dei
cency and comely Order in the Reign of her brother,as might fuflicient-
ly forwarn her not to hearken to them. Befidesjftie was not held to be
told with what reproaches Calvin had reviled her Sifter, nor how (he had
been perfecuced by his followers in the time of her Reign ; fome of therti
railing at her perfon in their fcandalous Pamphlets ; fome pradifin^ by
falfe, but dangerous allufions, to fubvert her Government -, and others
openly praying to God, Th^t he ivouU either turn her heart, or fiit an end to
her days. And of thefe men (he was to give htt felf no hope, but that
they would proceed with her in the fclf-fame manner, whenfoever any
thing fliould be done (how neceftary and juft foeverj which miaht crofs
their humours. The confideration whereof was of fuch prevaleney with
thofe of her Council, who were then deliberating abotft the altering of
Religion, that amongft other remedies which were wifely thouoh"t of
to prevent fuch dangers as probably might enfue upon it, it was refol-
Ved to have an eye upon thel'e mert, who werefo hot in the purfuit of
their flattering hopes, that out of a defire of InnovationCas my Author
tells me) they were bufied at that very time inifetting up a new Form of
Ecclcfiaftical Polity, and therefore were to befuppreft with all care and
diligence before they grew unto a head.
. i». But they were men of harder metal then to be broken at the firft
blow which was offered at them. Queen Afrfr/V:^ death bei)n<? certified to
thofe o( Geneva, they prefentlydifpatehed their Letters t^^heir Brethren
a£ J^rankfortand Arrow •, to which Letters of theirs, an* anfwer is retur-
ned from Frankfort on the third, from Arrow on the \6 of January : And
thereupon it is refolved to prepare tor England, before their party was
fofunk, that it could not without much difficulty be buoyed up again.
Some of their party which remained all the time in £nglmd,heing impa-
tient of delay, and chufing rather to anticipate then exped Authority,
hard fetthemfelves on work in defacing Lnages, demolifliing the Altars,
and might have made foul work, if not ftoppcd in time. Others-began
as haftily to preach the Proteftant Doftrine in private Houfes firft, and
afcerwards as opportunity was offered, in the open Churches : Great
multitudes of people refirting tothem without Rule or Order. Tooiyg
a check to whofe forv/ardnefs, the Queen fees out her Proclamation
in the end of Decefnlrer ^ by yyhich fhe^ave commmd,Thaf no Inno-
E e a vatiort
2lZ
Cl^e l^mm fit: t^t ^?c^ttterian0. Lib. v i.
vtitu» Jhouidh mde in the St Ate of Religion^ and that «ll perfo::s jhould con-
form themMves for thefrefent to the praffices of Her Majefiies Chaff el-, till it
was othertvifc af pointed. Another Proclamation was alfo iflued, by
which all Preaching was prohibited, but by fuch only as werelicenfed
bvher Authority ^ which was not like to countenance any men of fuch
turbulent fpirits. The news whereof much haftned the return of thofe
Zealous Brethren, who knew they might have better filliing in a trou-
bled water, then in a quiet and compofed. C4/^'/» makes ufe alfo of the
opportunity, direfts his Letters to the Queen and Mr. Secretary Cecil,
in hope that nothing fhould be done but by his advice. The contrary
whereof <»ave matter of cold comfort both to him and them, w hen rhey
were c^iven to underftand, that the Liturgie had been revifed and a-
greed upon : That it was made more paflable then before with the Ro-
man Catholicks •, and that not any of their number was permitted to ad
any thing in it, except Whitehead only, who was but halt theirs neither,
and perhaps not that. All they could do in that Conjedure, was to
findfault with the Tranflationof the Bible which was then in ufe, in
hope that their G enevim Edition o( it might be entertained •, and to ex-
cept a^^ainft the paucity of fit men to lerve theChurch, and fill the va-
cant places of it, on the like hopes that they themfelves might be pre-
ferred to fupply the fame.
iK*i9* I3« And it is poflibie enough, that either by the mediati noiCAhin,
otby theinterceflionof Pf^erii/4r?;ir(who wroteuntothe Qieen at the
fame time alfo) the memory of their former Errors might have been ob-
literated, i^Knex had not pulled more back with one hand, then Calvin.,
Martyr, and the reft could advance with both. For in a Letter of
his to Sir William Cecily dated Jpril the 24, 1559, he firft upbraids
him mth confeming to the funrejjing of Chrijls true Evangel, to the ere-
Itin^ of Idolatry., and to the (bedding of the hleud of Gods ntofl dear children,
fluring the Reign of Mi(chkvons Mary, that profcfled Enemy of God,
as he plainly calls her. Then he proceeds to juftifie his treafonableand
feditiousbook againft the Regiment of Women. Of the truth where-
of he pofitively affirmeth that he no more doubt eth, then that he dsubted that
jf)as the veyce of God which pronounced this Jentence upon that Sex, That in do-
lour they fhould hear their children. Next he declares in reference to the
Perfon of Queen £/i^;^«^5 That he could willingly acknorvledge her to he rai-
((d by Gedfer 'the martifeflation of his glory, although not Nature only, but Gods
cwn Ordinance did oppugn fuch Regiments. And thereupon he doth infer,
T'hat if ^ueen Elizabeth would confej^s., that the extraordinary Difpenfations of
Cods ^reat mercy did make that Lmful in her, which both Nature and Gods
Laws did deny mall women be fides, none in Enghnd fhould be more ready to
maintain her lawful Authority thenhimfelf But on the other fide he pro-
nounceththis Sentence on her, That if fhe built her Title upon Cuficm ,
Laws and Ordinances of men, fuch foolijh frefumption would gmvoufly offend
Cods Supreme Majefiy, and that her ingratitude in that kind (}>0uld not long hck
funijhment. To the fame purpofe he writes alfo to the Queen her felf, re-
proaching her withal, That for fear cf her life fhe had declined from God,
bowed to idolatry, and gone to Mafs, during the perfecution of Gods Saints
irt the time of her Sifier. In both his Letters he complains of feme
ill offices which had bcea done him, by means whereof he was denyed
the
Lib.v. Ci^e!^tftoj^oftl^e|8>iejjl)ijtenan0. n^
the liberty of Preaching in England: And in both Letters he endeavour-
ed to excufe his flock of Idte ajfenibled in the mofi Gddly and Reformed
church andcHy ef Geneva, from being guilty of any offence by his publifh-
ing of the Book j the blame whereof he wholly takes opon himfelf. But
this was not the way to deal with Queens and their Privy Counfellors ;
and did eSed fo little in relation to himfelf and his flock, that he caufed
a more watchful eye to be kept upon them , then poflibly might have
been otherwife, had he fcribled lefs.
14. Yet fuch was the neceflity which the Church was under , that it
was hardly poflible to fupply all the Vacant places in it , but by admit-
ting fome of the Genevian Zealots to the Publlck Miniftry. The Realm
had been extreamly vifited in the year foregoing with a dangerous and
contagious Sicknefs, which took away almoft half the Bifliops, and oc-
cafioned fuch Mortality amongft the reft of the Clergy, that a great part
of the Parochial Churches were without Incumbents. The reft of the
Bifliops, twelve Deans , as many Archdeacons, Fifteen Matters of Col-
leges and Halls , fifty Prebendaries of Cathedral Churches, and about
eighty Beneficed men were deprived at once , for refufing to fubmit to
the Queens Supremacy. For the filling of which vacant placeSjthough
as much care was taken as could be imagined to ftock the Church with
moderate and conformable men , yet many paft amongft the reft , who
either had not hitherto difcover6d their difaffedions, or were connived
at in regard of their parts and learning. Private opinions not regarded,
nothing was more confidered in theni then their zeal againft Popery,
and their abilities in Divine and Humane ftudies to make good that
zeal. On which account we find the Queens Profelfor in Oxfordto
pafs amongft the Non-Conforntifis , though fomewhat more moderate
thee the reft •, and Cartrvright the Lady Margarets in Cambridge , to prove
an unextinguillied fire-brand to the Church of England '^ JVtttinghanf,tke
chief Ring-leader of the Frankfort Schifmaticks, preferred unto the
Deanry of D«r/'j?»5 (tomthentncourzgino Knox cLnd Goodman in fetting
up Presbytery andfedition in the Kirk of Scotland. Sampfon advanced
unto the Deanry of Chrifts Church, and not long after turned out again
for an incorrigible Non-Confdrmifl. Hardiman^ one of the firft twelve
Prebends of Weflminfler , deprived foon after, for throwing down the ~
Altar, and defacing the Veflments of the Church. And if fomanyof
them were advanced to places of note and eminence , there is no quefti-
:on to be made , but that fome numbers of them were admitted unto
Country cures ^ by means whereof, they had as great an opportunity as
they could defire , not onle to difpute their Genevian Dodrines , but to
prepare the people committed to them for receiving of fuch Innovations
both in Worfhip and Government, as were refolved in time convenient
to be put upon them.
15. For a preparative whereunto they brought along With them the 15^©,
Genevian Bible, with their Notes upon it , together with Davids Pfulms
.in Englijh Metre •, that by the one they might effect an Innovation in the
points of Do(5trine, and by the other bring this Church more neer to the
Rules of Gfwwij in fome chief a(5ls of public k Worfhip. For to omic
the incongruities of theTranflation, which King ^ames judged to be the
worft that he had ever feen in the Englifli Tongue , the Notes upon the
famfe
^^iJ"*!^
214 . cfteK^tao?^ortl)c?i>|c0l'ttma!i^. Lib. vl
fame in many places favour of Sedition ♦ and in fome of Fatflion, deftru-
6tive of the Perfuas and Powers of Kings 5 andof all civil intercourfe
and humane fociety. That learned King hath told us in the Confe-
rence at Ham^tdfi'Court^ that the Noccs on the Gcnc'v:n7i Sible were far-
tial, ttKtrue^feditiouSj and favour if}^ tvo rmch of d.i.,gcrous and trajtcrous con-
ceits. For proof whereof he inltariccd in the Note oi Exed. i. ver. 19.
where they allow of difobedience unto Kings and Sdvtraign Princes, :
And fecondly, in that on 2 Chron, 8.15,16. where Afa is taxed for not
puttinc his Mother to death , but dtpoling her onely from the Regency
which°before fhe executed. Of which lalt note the Scotil]j Presbjteruns
made efpecial ufe, not only in dcpofing Mary their lawful Queen,but pro-
fecutin<7 her openly and under hand till tiiey had took away her life.
And to°this too he might have added that on Mmh. 2. 12. where it is-
faid t}\ai Prom if e ou^ht not he kept where G»ds honour ^nd Preacfmg of his
truth is hmdrcd, or elfe it ought not to be broken. Whidi opens a wide gap
to the breach of all Oaths, Covenants, Contrails and Agreements, not
only between man and man, but between Kings and their Subjefts» For
what man can be fafe , or King fee u re j what Promile can oblige , or
what Contraft bind ; or what Oath eye a maa to his Faith and Duty, if
on pretence oiGods Honour , or the ^7opaga::ng of his Truth , iie may law-
fully break it ^ And yet this Dodtrme palTjd to currantly amongft the
French^ that it was pofitively affirmed by Ei/fbius,Philadclph^s , whofoe-
ver he was, 'That ^een ^\\z-xb(tt\\WAS nornore bound to keep the League
which (he had made and [mm rvith Charles IX,Cbtcaufe forfo -Va tlie Preach-
ing of the Gofpei might be hindredby it) then Herod wm oblged to keep the
O^fh rvhjch he hadfrvorn to the D,tncing Hit. lot. Follow them to Rev. 9 . anil
they will tell us in their Notes upon that Chapter , thar by the Locitp
jvhich came out of the [mack ^ are meant/j/fe Teachers, Hereticks. a-^d worldly
fuhtle Prelates.^ with Mo-ds^ Fryers.^ CardmalsyVatriarchi., Archhij^wps, Bifhaps,
meters^ Batchelof-s a^d Mjlers, To which though they fubJQvn thcfe
words, -viz. .Whfchfor[ake Chrif to maintain- jal[c Do^tnr.e •, yet lays "it a
diferace o'n all Archbiihjps and Bilhops , and on all fuch as take Aca-
demical de'^rees, by bringing them under the name of Locufls, and joyn-
ingthem vnth Monks and Fr-jcrs , whom; they beheld no other\<'ife dien
Z'i- Limbs (f Antichrtfl. Which being the defign of their Annotations,
aereeable tQ Cdvtns Dodtine in reference 10 Civil and F.cclefiaftical
Government, there is no doubt but that they come up rounjly to him in
reference to Predeftination, and the points appcnd^inf : for' wnicli I iliall
refer the Reader to the Notes themfelves j obferving only in this place,
that they exclude Chrift and all his lufFerings fi?om being any way confi-.
derable in mans Eleftion , which they f jund onely on the abfoUite will
and pleafure of Almighty God •, but are content to make him an infer mr
caufe (and only an infertour caufe) of a mans falvation : For which confuit
them on Rom. 9.15- » '
16. Now with this Bible, and thefe Notes, which proved foajJvan^
tagious to them in their main projearaents, they alfo brought in Davids
Pfalms in Englifli Metre, of which they, ferved themfelves to fome tup,c
inthe timefucceeding. Which device being Hrft taken up by C/f»;(?»^
Murot^ and continued afterwards h)'Bez.a^ as before is faid, was follow-
ed here in Englandby Thomas Sternhuld in the Reign of King Edward^ and
afterwards
Lib. VI. Ct)E l^tfto^ip Of tt)c ^tmi^mm. , , ^
afterwards by ^ohn Hufkms and ibme others , who had retired unto t>-
wa'.a in the time of Queen M^ry. Being there finifhedjand Printed at tfje*
end of their Bibks , they were hrit recommended to the uie of private
Families-, next brought into the Church for an entertainment before
the beginning of the Morning and Evening Service : And haally, pu-
bliflied by themfelvcs, or at the Qwd. of the Pfitlter^ with this Declarati-
on , that they were fa fort ff ufid illoivcdto hefun^ in aIL Churches before and
after Morning and Evening Prjfycr^ as alfo before and after Sermons. But firft
no fuch allowance can be found as is there pretended, nor Could be foUnd
when this allowance wasdifputed in thsHigh Comrtuffionhy fuch as have
beenmoft indullrious and concerned in the fearch thereof. And then
whereas it is pretended that the faid Plalms /liould be fung before and af-
ter Mornmg and Evening Prayer ^ as alfo before and after Sermms (which
lliews they were not to be intermingled w^ith the Publick Litur^ie) in
very little time they prevailed fo far inmoft Pariih Churches °as to
thru ft out the Te Dcum^ and the Sened.-ate, the Benedictus^ the Malnificat
and the JV«wI>;>w/V, quite out of the Church. And thirdly^by the
practices and endeavours of the P/rr//./;; party (who had an eye upon the
ufage o( Geneva) they came to be eilecmed the moft Divine part of Gods
publick fervice •, the reading Pfalms , together with the firft and fecond
Leflons, being heard in many places with a covered head • but all men
fitting bare-headed when the Pfalmis fung. And to that end^the Pariih
Clerk muft bj taught to call upon the people to ling it to the Praife and
Glory of God ;no fuch preparatory Exhortation bdngufed at the naming
of the Chapters or the daily Pfalms. ^
17. Bythefe preparatives they hoped in time to bring in the whole
body oiCdlvinifm , as well in reference to Government , and forms of
Wprlliip , as to points of Dodrine. But then they were to (lay their
time, and not to ihew too much at once of the main defign , but rather
to divert on feme other counfels. The Liturgy was fo \vcll fortified by
the Law, and the Bilhops fo fetlcd in their jurlldidions, that it had been
a madnefs to attempt on either, till they ihould find themfelves ijicreafed
both in power and number , and that they had fome friend in Court not
on\y to excule, but defend their adions. In which refpe<a- nithint^
feemed more expedient to them , then to revive the Quarrels of KinI
Edwards time about Caps and Tippits, and other Vert ments of the Cier-
gy,which had not the like countenance from the Laws of the Land. Iri
wjiich as they allured tiiemfelves of all help from the hands oi Peter Mar-
tyr ^ fo they dtfpaired not of obtaining the like from Calvin and Bezj(
whenfocver it fliould be required. But as one Wave thrufts another
forwards , fo this difpute brings in fome others , in which theiudc^e-
ment q^ Peter Martyr was demanded alfo •, that is to fay, concernin«7 the
Epifcopal Habit, the Patrimony of the Church, the manner of proceed'-
ings to be held agalnrt Papilh , the Perambulation ufed in the Rogation
Week-, with ma~ny other pointsof the like condition. Which quar-
rels they purfiied for five years together , till thef^tling of that bufinefs
by the Book of Advert, (ements. Anno 1565. They alfo had begun to raife
their thoughts unto higher matters then Caps and Tippets -. In order
whtreunto, fomeof them take upon them in their private l^arilhes to
ordain ftt Tarts •, and others, to negleft the obfervation of the Annual
Feftivals
^ , g Cl^e m^oix of m t^jtgbf tenant. Lib. \ i.
Yeftivals which were appointed by the Church •, fome to remove the
Holy Table from the place of the Altar, and to tranlpofe it to the middle
of the Quire or Chancel, that it might ierve the more conveniently for
the pofture of fitting •, and others, by the help of (omt iilly Ordinaries,
to impofe Books of Forein Doftrine on their kveral Pariihes •, that by
fuch I>o6lrine they might countenance their Adtings in the other par-
ticulars. AH which, with many other innovations of rhe like condi-
tion, were prefently took notice of by the Bilhops , and the reft of the
Queens Commiflioners •, and remedies provided for them in a Book of
Orders , publilbed in the year 1 561 5 or the Mvertifements before meit-
tioned about four years after. Such as proceeded in their oppoficions
after thefe Advertifemms , had the name of runta,is 5 as men that did
profefs a <»reater Furifj in the Wordiip of God , a greater deteftation of
the ceremonies and corruptions of the Church of Rome , then the reft of
their Brethren : under which name were comprehended , not onely
thofe which hitherto had oppofed the Churches Veftments , but alfd
fuch as afterwards endeavoured to deftroy the Liturgy, and fubvett the
Government.
18. In all this time they could obtain no countenance from the hands
of this State , though it was once endeavoured for them by the Earl of
Leicejier (whom they had gained to their Patron.) But it was onely to
make ufe of them as a counterpoife to the Popifti party , at fuch time as
the Marriage was in agitation between the Lord Henry Stewart and the
Queen of 5mj, if any thing ihould be attempted by them todifturbthe
Kingdom^the fears whereof, as they were onely taken up upon politick
ends, fo the intended favours to the oppofite Faction vaniihed alfo with
them. But on the contrary, we find the State fevere enough againft
their proceedings, even to the deprivation of Dr. Thomas SampfcftJ)ezn
oiChrifi-Chiircn. To which dignity he had been unhappily preferred in
the firft year of the Queen •, and being looked upon as head of this Fa-
aion , was worthily deprived thereof by the Queens Commiflioners.
They found by this feverity what they were to truft to , if any thing
were pradtifed by them againft the Liturgyjthe Dodrineof the Church,
or the publick Government. It cannot be denyed, but Goodman^ Gdhie^
Whittingham^ and the reft of the Cenevian Conventicle, were very much
grieved , at their return, that they could not bear the like fway herein
their feveral Confiftories , as did Calvin and Bez,a at Geneva •, fo that
they not onely repined and grudged at the Reformation which was made
in this Church , becaufe not fitted to their phancies,and to Calvins Plat-
form • but have laboured to fow thofe Seeds of Heterodoxy and Difo-
bedience, which afterwards brought forth thofe troubles and diforders
"which enfucd upon it. But being too wife to put their own fingers in
the fire, they prefently fell upon a courfe which was fure to fpeed, with-
out producing any danger to themfelves or their party. They could not
but remember thofe many advantages which ^ohn Alafco and his Church
offlrangers afforded to the Z«/«g-/7/f« Gofpellers in the time of King
Edward'^ and they defpaired not of the like , nor of greater neither , if a
French Church were fethd upon Calvln^'i Principles in fome pan of
London.
19. For the advancement of this projed, Calvin d'lreds his Letters
unto
Lib. VI. ci^e Wfton of tf^t |&ieiSb?tenaft0o
unto Bifliop Grindal^ newly preferred unto that See, that by his counte-?
nance or connivance, luch of the />a; J; Nation as for their Confcience
had been forced to flee into England, might be permitted the Free Ex-
ercifeof their Religion : whofe leave being eafily obtained, for the
great reverence which he bares to the name of CalvWj they made the
like ufeof feme Friends which they had in the Court. By whofe follil
citation thfy procured the Church of St. Anthony^ not far from Mer-
chant-laylors^Hall, then being of no prefent ufe for Religious Offices ,to
be afligned untc the French, with liberty to ered the Genevan Difci-
pline, for ordering the Affairs of their Congregation, and to fet up 4
Form of Prayer which had no manner of conformity with the Englifh
Liturgy. Which what elfe was it in effecS, but a plain giving op of the
Caufe atthefirft demand, which afterwards was contended for with
fueh oppolition r' what elfe but a Foundation to that f611owin<y Anar-
chy which was defigned to be obtruded on the Civil Government i For
certainly, the tolerating of Presbytery in a Church founded and efla-
blifliedby theRulesof Epifcopacy, could end in nothing but the ad-
vancing of a Commonwealth in the midil of a Monarchy. Calvin per-
ceived this well enough, and thereupon gave Grindal thanks for his fa-
vour in it, of whom they after ferved them felves upon all occafions -
a J>«/f/7 Church being after fetled on the fame Foundation in the ^«-
gufiine Fryars^ where ^ohn Alafco held his Congregation in the Reign of
King £;/iv4/-^. The inconveniences whereof were not feen at the fir ft •
and when they were perceived, were not eafily remedied. For the ob-
taining of which ends, there was no man more like to ferve them with
the Queen, then Sir Francis Knollii • who having Married a Daughter
of the Lord Cary of Hunfdon, the Queens Coufin- German, was made
Comptroller of the HouHiold, continuing in good Credit and Authori-
ty with her upon that account. And being alfo one of thofe vvho had,
retired from Frankfort \.o Geneva in the time of theSchifm, did there
contrada great acquaintance with Calvin^ Beza, and the reft of the
Confiftorians, whofe caufe he managed at the Court upon all occafions •
though afterwards he gave place to the Earl o[ Leicefier, as their princi-
pal Agent.
20. But the G'fwwirfw will find work enough to imploy them both
and having gained their ends, will put on for more. The Ifles of Guern-
fey and ^arfiy^ the only remainder of the Crown of England in the Duke-
dom of Normandy thsid entertained the Reformation in the Rei<»n of King
Edivard ; by whoCe command the pnblick Liturgy had been turned into
/"rfw^jthacitmightferve them in thofe Iflands for their Edifications.'
But the Reformed Religion being fuppreffed in the time of Queen il/rf-
yy, revived again immediately after her deceafe, by the diligence of
fuch French Minifters as had reforted thither for protedion in the
day of their troubles. In former times thefe Iflands belonged unto the
jurifdldlion of the Bifhopof Co«/?4«cf, who had in each of them a Sub-
ordinate Officer,mixt of aChancellor and Arch-Deacon,for the difpatch
of allfuchbufinefs as concerned the Church : which Officers intituled
by the name of Deans, had a particular Revenue in Tythes and Corn
allotted to them, befides the Perquifites of their Courts, and the beft
Benefices in the Iflands. But thefe French Minifters defirjng
Ff tS
-3. i« Cl^e ^tftoiT ot t^e ?& jrjJftTtcttang, Lib. v h
to have all things modelled by the Rules of C/ihin , endeavonred by all
the friends they could to advance hisDifcipline •, to which they were
incouraged by the Brothers here , and the Governours there. Th^
Governours in each Ifland advanced the projedl out^i of a covetous in-
tent to inrich themfelves by the fpoil of the Deanrics • the Brethren
have hereupon z hope to gain ground by little and little , for the ere(5t-
intr ofthefameinmoftpartsof £«f/4W. Andinpuriuanceof this plot
bnth Iflands joyn in confederacy to Petition the Queen for an allow-
ance of this Difcipline , Jftmi-^e^. In the year next following, the
Signioiir de St. Omn , and Monficur de Soukmount were delegated to the
Court to foUicite in it ^ where they received a 2 latious anfwer , and full
of hopes returned to their feveral homes. In the mean time, the Queen
bein<^ ftrongly perfwaded that this defign would much advance the Re-
formiition iti thofe Iflands., was contented to give way unto it , in the
TqWjis of St.}Feters Pert and St. HiUaries onely , but no further. To
which purpofc there were Letters decretory from the Council , directed
to the Bitjltf^ the Jnratcs^ and others of each Ifland ; !"ubrcribed by S/icm
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal , the Marquefs oi Nortlumpton , the Earf
of Lticefier, the Lord Cljnton^ afterwjirds Earl o{ Lincoln, Roger s^ Knolltf,
andCf«/. The Tenour of which letter in relation to the Kle of ^arfey^
vras this that foUoweth. •
21. Jfier our very hearty commendations unto yen 5 tvljere the ^tens tmfi
excellent Majejiy underfiandeth , that the Jjles of Gaernfay ^W Jarfey have
anciently depended on the Diocejs (?f Conftance , ^nd that there be certain
churches in the fame Diocefs well reformed-, agreeable throughout ^n the BoSrmi
■asisfet fsrth in this Realm-, knowing therewith , that they have a Mtnjfier,
which ever fince his arrival /w J ar fey hath ufed the like Order of Preaching and
Admtniflration^ as in the f aid Reformed churches^ or as it is ufed in the French
church of London : her Majejiy-, for divers reflects and confiderattons ^ mo-
ving her Highnefs , « well pleafed to admit the fame Order of Preaching and
Adfmniflrattcn to be continued at Saint Hillaries, as hath been hitherto accw
flomedhy the fatd Mimfler. Provided always , that thereftdue cfthe Parifhes
in thefaidljle^ Jha/I diligently put afide all fuperflttions ufed in the f aid Diocefs 5
and fo continue thcrcthe Order of Service ordained within this Realm ^ with the
Jnjun^ions necefary for that purpofe. Wherein you may not fujl diligently
to give your aids and af/ifiance , as befl nay ferve for the advancement of Gods
Glory. Andfofarewel. -Fr<?«2 Richmond //;f 7. fl/Augu ft, Anno 1565.
.12. Where note, that the fame letter, the names onely of the places
being changed, and fubfcribed by the fame men , was fent alfo unto
thofe oiCuernfey , for the permiffion of the faid Difcipline in the Pert of
St. Peters. In which, though there be no exprefs mention of allowing
their Difcipline, but only of their form of Prayer and Adminiftation
of Sacraments 5 yet they prefumed fo far on the general words, as to pat
in prefently in praiflice- In profecurion of which Counfels the Mini-
fters and Elders of both Churches held their Hrft Synod in the Ifle of
Cuemfey^ on the 2 of September, Jnno 1567, where they concluded to ad-
vance it by degrees in all the reft of the Paridies as opportunity fhoul4
ferve.
Lib. VI. ct)e ^mivotm l&jeisbrterian?. ^i^
ferve, and the condition of Affairs permit ; to the great joy, no queflion .
of their great Friends in EngUnd^ who could not but congratulate their
own good Fortune in thefe fair beginnings.
23. At home they found not fuch fuccefs as they did abroad-, not a 156^,
few of them being deprived of their Benefices, and other preferments
in, the Church, for their inconformity, expreft in their refufirig to offi-
ciate by the publick Liturgy,or notfubmitting to thediredionsof their
Ordinaries in fome outward matters,as Caps andSurpliceSjand the like.
The news of which feverity flies to Frame and Scotland ; occafioning Be-
^4 in the one, and A'woa- and his Comrades in the other, to interpofe
themfelvesinbehalf of their brethren. With what authority jjez^tadted
in it, we (hall fee anon. And we may now take notice, that in Knox's
L<stter,rent from the general Aflembly of the Kirk oi ScotU/}d,xhQ Veft-
ments in difpute are not only called Taps and Kags of Rome^ but are dif-
countenanccd anddectyed^for hei/ig fuch Garments as Idolaters in time ef
greatest d-irknejs, ufed m their SuferjiitiOHs and idolatrOM jet'vice : and there-
upon it is inferred, That if Surplice, Cap^ and Ttppct have been badges of Ido-
laters in the very aif of their Idolatry, that then the Preachers of Chnfiian Li-
berty^ and the Rehukers of Suferjlttion^ were to have nothing to do with the dre^s
efth.it Romifh be a ji. Which inference is feconded by this requeft, viz,.
That the Brethren in England which refufed thofe Romiih Rags, might find of
them {the Bjhops)who ufe and urge them, fitch favour-, as their Head and Afa-
fier ccmtnandeth each one of his Mefnhers toJJjew to another. And this they did
expc^ to receive of their courtefie, not only becaufe they hoped th.it they^ the (aid
JB'jhops^ would not ojfenstGod tn troubling their Brethren jorfuch Vain trifles •
but becaufe they hoped that they would not refufe the requeft of them, their Bre-
thren and fellow- Minivers •, in whom, though there appeared no worldly Pomp,.
yet they a[Jured themfelves, that they nere eftecmed tije fer\fants of God, and
fuch as tr avelled to fet forth Gods Glory againji the Antichrift of Rome, that
conjured enemy of true Religion, the Pope. The day;., fay they, are evil^
iniquity abounds, charity {al.ifs)waxeth cold ; and therefore that it concerned
them all to walk diligently^ becaufe it was uncertain at what hour the Lord would
comi^^towhomthey were to render an account ^ thetr Admtniftration. After
which Apoftolical Admonition, they.eonqfmit them to the Mighty pro-
teftionof the Lord Jefus Chrift. And fo we conclude their Zealous Let-
ter, dated Dec 27. 1565.
24. With more Authority writes 5^5i4, as the greater Patriarch^and
he writes too' concerning things of greater confequence then Caps and
Surplices. For in a Letter of his to Grindal^ bearing date ^w/y, anno\%66,
he makts a fad complaint concerning certain MiaiRers, unhlan^eable (as
he faith) both in Life and Do^rine. [ufpended from the Minijlry by the Queens
Authority^ and the go )d liking of the Bifhops, for not fuhfcrihing to fome new
Rites and Ceremonies tmpofed upon them. Amongft which Rites he fpecifies
thewearingoffuch Feflments as were then worn by B;iab Friefs in the.
church of Rome •, the Crofs m B^ptifm, kneeling at the Communion, and
fuch Rites^ as had degenerated {as he tells us) into moft filthy Superftiticn.
\S\ithit^ctva%n\oxto^&\\d^dthatWomenwcrefujfered to bupt ze in extreme
neeeffit.es : That power "Was granted to the ^eenfor ordaining fuch other Rites
and Ceremonies asfwuldfeem convenient •, but mofi ejpeciallyy{\vhich. was in-
deed the point moft grieved a tJ/^4; the Bifhops were inveftcdwith afole
Ff 2 Jftths'
i2'& -wf^t "^iHm of tt)c ^|c0lJttcifian0. Lib. vr.
jmhorthfor all wm'trs of tk "Churih^ rvnhou'f coofulting rvltb th'e Fajlors of
tdrticttkr flocks. He was too well vcrfed in the Wricings of the Anci-
ent Fathers, as not to know that all the things which he complains oSy
were apiroved and practiced in the beft and happieft times of Chriftia-
nitvj as might^beotherwife made apparent out of the Writings oi Ter-
tullian, Cyprian^ Hferom, Chryfofteme ; and indeed who not .''^But Jiez,a
has a word for this. For firll he blames the Ancient Fathers for bor^-
rowinc^ many of their Ceremonies from the Jews and Gentiles, though
• done by them out of a good and honeft purpdfe ; that^r/w*- a// things to
all men^ they might gain the more. And thereupon he gives this rule,
That allfuch Rites as had heeniorrorvcd either from the ^erv^ or Gentile without^
(xPrefs [V arrant from Chrift'or the holy AfojlUs^ as dfo all other flgniflc ant Ci-^
remorties-^ which had been br ought into the Church agawft right andreafen^
fhouldhe immediately removed^ or otherwife the Church could never be rejhred tO'
her Native Beauty. Which Rule of his, if once admitted, there muft be
prefently an end of all external Decency dnd Order in the Worfliif)'
of God, and every man might be left to ferve him, both for time
and place, and every parti\:ular circumftance in that Sacred adidn,-
as to him feemed- beft. And what a horrible confufion muft needs
orow thereby, not only in a whole National Church, but in every-
•oarticular Congregation, be it never i'o fmall, is no hard matter to con-
ceive. ' '.' " ■'•■ "■'"
25. Atthe Reforming of this Church, not only the Queens Chap-
pel, and all Cathedrals, but many Parochial Churches aUb hadprefei-"-
ved their Organs •, to which they ufed to fing the appointed Hymns 5
that is to fay, the Te Deum, the Benedif^us^ the Mjgnificaty the Nunc Di^
mittis^&c. performed in an Artificial and Melodious manner, with the
addition of Cornets, Sackbuts, and the like, on the Solemn Feftivals.
For which as they had ground enough from the holy Scripture, if the
Pradice and Authority of David he of any credit •, fo were they warran-
ted thereunto by the godly ufage of the primitive times, after the
Church was orice reftored to her peace and freedom. Certain lam,
that's, Augufiine imputes no {"mall part of his Converfion to that hea-
venly Melodic which he heard very frequently in the Church of AT'/-
(i)Vt fiivUii'^i^e^ (rfj profefling that it did not only draw tears from him, though a-
cantns E'cii- gaiuft his vviU, but raifed his foul unto a facred Meditation on fpiritu-
c ' 'ef ^ib^' ^^ matters. But Bez,a having turned fo many of the Pfdms into Metre,
as had been left undone by ji/*tro^ gave an example um'OyStemhold and
Hopkins to attempt the like. Whofe Verfion being left u1||niftied, but
brought unto an end by forae of our Englifh Exiles which remained at
no Vt^ir oh- Q,^ Geneva •, there was a purpofe for impofing tliem upon the Church
^'^ffU'sh' by little and little, that they might^come as clofe as might be in all
fl7/«w,<2<ip!- points to their Mother- City. At firft, they fung them only in their
rlwconf'iib. private houfes, and afterwards (as before faid) adventured re fing them
' ' as a part of the Service it felf. For fo I underftand that paiTage in the
Chwch-Hifiorian^ in which he tells us, That Dr. Gervis being then War-
den of y!/err(?;?-Colledge , had abolilhed certain Latine fuperftitious
Hymns which had been ufed on fomeofthe Feftivils, appointing the
fame P/^/wiinEnglifli tobefung in their place-, and that as one Leech
was ready to begin the Pfalm, another of the Fellows called Hdl^- ftatch-
- ^ ei
Lib. V I. Clje "i^m^f of ti)e ^tt^hftsxtm^.
x^t
^^■rh« Book out of his liandsj'. and told hini', -T^aPthty c odd no more damttt
dfmhis Pifii But whatfoever Hallihoxi^ht of theni, Beza awd his T>(t-
ciples were perfvvaded otlvei'vvire. 'And that he mio^ht the better cirv'
down that Melodious Harraoivy which' -iVasretdined^in the Churchy?
England:, and fo make way for the Gf/j'fvf/ji^' fafhion eveir in that point
alio -, he teils us in the fame letter to Biihop Gryrdd, That the Artffifial
Mufick thenretainedm the Church of England , msf(ter to beufcdm Afaskr-
tnid Dancings., thtn Eeligious offices • and rather fervcd to flcafi the ear ihi^
to mve the affcifions. Which cenfure being pafs'd-upon it by fo ^'xiit -x
Jiaifhy, molt wonderful it was Howfuddenlyfome men oTgood note arii
quaiity/whootfierwifedefervedvvell ertough of the Church of £W/;^/^
did bend their wits and pens againft it -/and with what earneftneft rffey
laboured to have their owi> Tunes publickly introduced into all ch?
Churches. Which that they might the better do , tfiey procured' the
Pfalms in EngUfli Metre to be bound in the fame Volum with the pu-
blick Liturgy, and fometimes with the Bible alfo j fettinc^ them forth-
as being 4//<?»e^Cfo the Title tells us) fo be Jung in all churcrhes before and af-
ter Morning and Evening ?rxjer^ as alfo befbre and after Sermons 5 but wiiifi
what truth and honefty, we have heard before.
16. In hne, he tells the Blihops how guilt j they would feem to God and M
Holy Angels., if the j chafe rather to deprive the Mmjfers of their Cures aM B^
nefces , then fufer them to go afparclkd othmvife then to them feemed ^ood-
And rather to d-f rive many hungry fouls of their Heavenly food, then give them
leave to receive it otherwifc then upoit their knees. And this bcino f^id
hequeftionsthe Authority of the Supreme Magiflrate , as contrary to
the Word of God , and the Ancient Canons, for ordainino- any new
Rites and Ceremonies in a Church eftabliflied ^ but much mor'e the Au-
thority afcribed to Bifliops , in ordering any thing which concerned the
Church, without calling the Presbytery to advife about it , and havino^
their approbation in it. This was indeed the point raoft aimed at. An5
to this point his followers take the courage' to drive on amain • rhe Co-
pies of this letter being prefently difperfed for their greater comfort if
not aifo Printed. Some of the Brethren, in their zeal to the name of
Calvin, preferred him once before St. Paul; and 5^;2S4 out of queftion
would have took it ill, Ifhehad been efteemed oflefs Authority then
any of thofe who claimed tobeSucceflbrs to St. Peter. And therefore
it were worth the while to compare the Epiftles of thefe men,with thofe
of Pope Leo •, and then to enteJ ferioufly into confideration , whether of
the two took more upon him- -, either Pope Leo, where he r»i"ht pre-
tend to fome command •, or iff^vi, where he had no authority to ad at
alL How much more moderate and difcreet were the moft eminent men
for learning amongfl the Stvitzers, may appear by the example ofCualter
and Bullinger, no way inferior unto the other, but in Pride and Arroqan-
cy, who being defired by fome of the'EngUai Zealots to oive tliejr
judgem^nr in the point of the Churches Veftments, returned their appro-
bation of tliem -, but fent it in a letter directed to Horn^ Sandys and Grin-
dal, tolctthem fee, that they would apt intermeddle in the affairs of
this Church without their privityand advite. Which whether it were
done with greater moderation or difcretion, it is hard to fav.
27. So good a Foundation being laid, the building coiJld not chufe i^6f.
but
223
Cl^e l^iCtoj^ of t^e ^je^iJTtevtanjS. Lib. \ i.
but oo on apace. But firll they muft prepare the matter , and remove^
all doubts which otherwifeiTiight interrupt them in thecourfe of their
buildin<^. And herein Beza is confuked as the Mafter Workman. To
him th^y ("end their feveral fcruples^ and he returns fuch anfwer cq,
them as did nor onely confirm them in their prefent obftinacy, but fit-
ted and prepared them for the following Schifm. To chofe before,they
add the calling of the Minifters , and their ordaining by the Biihops 5
neither the Presbytery being conlukedjnor any particular place appoint-,
ed for their Miniftration. Which he condemns as contrary to the Wor^
of God and the ancient Canons -, but fo that he conceives it better tp_
have fuch a Miniftry, then none at all -, praying withal, that God wou,14
give this Church a more lawful Miniftry (the Church was much be^
holding to him for his zeal the while) in his own good time. Concern-
ing the Interrogatories propofed to Infants in their Baptifm , he declares
it to be only a corruption of the ancient Form^ which was ufed in the bapti-
zing perfons of riper years. And thereupon defires as heartily as be-:
fore, That as the Church had laid afide the ufe ofOyl , and the old Rite ofEx-
orcifino, though retained at Kome -, fo they ivotild alfo abdicate l^^/i? fool i ill
and un^neceffary Interrogations which are made to Infants. And yet he
rould not ch^rebut vauQt , that there was fomcwhat in oneof St. Ah-
£u[tines Epiftl^s which might feem to favour it •, and that fuch quefiions
were propofed to Infants in the time of Origcn^ who lived above two
hundred years before St. Jugufiine. In fome Churches, and particular-
ly in Wefiminfler Abby , they ftill retained the ufe of Wafers made of
Bread unleavened ^ to which we can find nothing contrary in the pu-
blick Kubricks. This heacknowledgeth of u felf for a thing indifferentj
but fo that ordinary leavened bread is preferred before it.as being more
a^^reeable to the Inftitution of our Lord aiad Saviour, And yet he could
not chufe but grant, that Chrift aaminiftredthe Sacrament in unleaven-
ed bread, no other being to be ufed by the Law of Mofes at the time of the
Pafsover. He diflikes alfo the deciding of civil caufes (by which he
means thofe of Tyches, Marriages, and the laft Wills or Teftaments of
men deceafed) in the Bifliops Courts •, but more.that the Bifliops Chan-
cellors did take upon them to decree any Excommunication without the
approbation and confent of the Presbyters. Whofe afts therein, he Ma^
ieftically pronounceth to be void and null , not ro oblige the Confcience '
of any man in the fight ofGod-, and otherwife to be afoul and flume-
full prophanation of the Churches Cenfures.
a 8. To other of their Queries, Touching the Mufick in the church -^
Kneeling at the Communion ■, The Crofs m Baptifm-^ and the reft , he anfvvers
as he did before , without remitting any thing of his former cenfure.
Which letter of his, bearing daze on the i/^ of OcJoher, 1567, was fuper-
fcribed, Ad quofdam Anglic anum Ecclefiarumfmtres^&c. To certain of
the Brethren of the Church in England , touching fome points of Eccle-
fiaftical Order and concernment which were then under debate : by the
receivino whereof they found themfelvesfo fully fatibficd and encou-
raged, that they fell into an open Schifm in the year next following. Ac
i?58 which time Benfon^ Button^ Hallingham^ Coleman-, and otheis, taking up-
* on them to be of a more Ardent zeal then others in profefling th- true
Reformed Religion , refolved to allow of nothing in Gods Publick Ser-
vice
Lib. VI. €M f tfto?^ Of m 1&?e0tf terMr 5 ^^
vice (according to the Rules laid down by CalvifiandSeet*iybm wfia-t^v^^s
found exprefly in the Holy Scriptures. And wheth^Pfigf of a dtfire • V^"
Reformation (which pretence had gilded many a rotteii.p()ltj) orfor-ffni
gdlarity fake and Inno\'ation , they openly queftionedithe feceivfe'd "OK^
cipline of the Church of EngLind -^ yea, condemned the fame, to^eflte
with the Publick Liturgy , and the calling of BiOrop^j^as favourini^too
much of the Religion of the Church of Rome. Againft which fhey^f re -
quently protefted in their Pulpits •, affirmingi Th^ itms-m impms thinff
■to hold my correff andency -with the church -^ and labouring with all diligenee
to bring the Church oi England to a conforniicy in all -points with the
-Rules o'f Geneva. Thefe, although the Quecti commanded to be laid by
the heels , yet it is incredible how upon a fudden their -followers i'ncrea-
fed.inall parts of the Kingdom •, diftinguillied from the reft by the name
oi Puritans , by reafon of their own pervcrfnefs , and moft obftinate re-
fuial to give ear to more found advice. Their numbers much encreafed
on a double account -, firfi, bythe negligence of fome, and the conni-
vance of other Bifliops , whofliould have looked more narrowly into
their proceedings: And partly, by the fecret favour offome great lihen
in the Court, who greedily gaped after the Remainder .of the Churches
Patrimony. ■■.]■•
%9. It cannot be denied, but that this Fadion received much enC6ii-
ragement underhand , from fome great p? rfons near the Queen • from
no man more then from the Earl oi Lekefi^r , the Lord North, ^Kn'oUis
and Waif ngham ; who knew how mightily fome numbers oUhe Scots'
both Lords and Gentlemen, had inHiort time improved their fortune'
by humoring the Knoxm Brethren in their Reformation 5 and could not
but expea the like in their own particulars, by a compliance with thofe
men, who aimed apparently at the ruine of the Bifliops and Cathedral
Churches. But then it muft be granted alfo, that they received no
fimll encouragement from the negligence and remifsnefs of fome crreat
Bifliops, whom Cdvin and Bez,a had cajoled to a plain connivance. ^ OF
Cahim writing unto Grindd for fetting up 'aL'F-re/iC'h Church in the middl"
of London, we have fecn before. And we have feen how Bezn, did^ad^
drefs himfelfuntohim , in behalf of the Brethren who had fufFered for
their inconformity to eftabliflied Orders. But now he takes notice of
the Schifm , a manifeft defedionof fome members from thereft of the
body 5 but yet he cannot chufe but tamper with him to allow their do-
ings , or other wife to mitigate the rigour of the Laws in force. For
having firft befprinkled him with fome commendation for his zeal to
the Gofpel , and thanked him for his many f;ivours to the new French
Church, he begins roundly, in plain terms, to work him to his own per-
fwafions. He lays before him firft how great an obftacle was made in
thecourfeof Religion, by thofe petit differences; notonely amon^ft
weak and ignorant , but even learned Men. And then advifeth xhzt
fome fpeedy remedy be applied to fo greata mifchief , by calling an Af-
fembly of fuch Learned and Religious men as were Icaft contentfous • of
which he hoped to be the chief, if that work went forwards : With'this
Provifo notwithftan Jing,That nothing fliould be ordred and determined
by them , with reference unto Ancient or Modern ufages -, but that all
Popifli Rites and Ceremonies being firft aboliibed , they fliould proceed
to
224
Ci^e ]^iftojt of ^E |^?c0i)^tenan0« Lib. v i.
to the Eftabliihment of fuch a Form of Miniftration in the Church of
EfigUttdy as might be grounded on fome exprcfs Auriiorities of the Word
of God. Which as he makes to be a Work agreeable unto Grmdals piety;
fo Crinddziitt this (and this bears date in ^uly 1 56b) appeared more fa-
vourable every day then other to rhofe common Barretters, who ufed
their whole endeavours to embroyl the Church.
30. Nor were thefe years lefs fatal to the Church oi England^ by the
defedion of the Papifts, who till this time had kept themfelves in her
Communion, and did in general as pundlually attend all Divine Offices
in the fame, as the vulgar Proteilants. And it is probable enough, that
they might have held out longer in their due obedience, if firft the fcan-
dal which was given by the other Fa(5tion,and afterwards the reparation
which enfued upon itjhad not took them off.The Liturgie of the Church
had been exceedingly well fitted to their approbation, by leaving out an
offenfive paflage againft the Pope; reftoring the old Form of Vvords, ac-
cuftomably ufed in the participation of the holy Sacrament .J the total
cxpuncint^ of a Kubrick, which feemed to make a Queftion of the Red
pe(ence % the Situation of the holy-Table in the place of the Altar ; the
Reverend pofture of kneeling at it, or before it, by all Communicants •,
the retaining of fo many of the ancient Feftivals •, and finally by the
Veftments ufed by the Prieft or Minifter in the Miniftration. And fo long
as all things continued in fo good a pofture, they iaw no cault of fepar-
atinofrom the reft of their Brethren in the ads of Woffliip . But when
all decency and order was turned outof the Church , by the heat and
indifcretion of thefe new Reformers ; the holy-Table brought into the
midft of the Church like a common- Table; the Communicants in fome
places fitting at it with as little Reverence as at any ordinary Table; the
ancient Fafts and Feaftsdeferted, and Church- Veftments thrown afide,
as the remainders of the Superftition of the Church o^ Rome : rhey then
be^an vifibly to decline from their firft conformity. And yet they made
no general feparation, nor defedion neither, till the Genevian brethren
had firft madetheSchifm,and rather chofe to meet in Barns and Woods,
yea and common Fields, then to affociate with their brethren, as in
former times. For, that they did fo, is affirmed by very good Authors ,
who much bemoaned the fad condition of the Church , in having her
bowels torn in pieces by thofe very Children which fhe had cherifhed in
her bofom. By onfe of which, who muft needs be of years and Judge-
ment at the time of this Schifm, we are firft told what great contentions
had been raifed in the firft ten years of her Majefties Reign, through the
peevifli frowardnefs, theout-cryesof fuch as came from Geneva zoiiw^
the Veftments of the Church, and fuch like matters. And then he adds,
That beincf crolTed in their defires touching thofe particulars,they fepar-
ated from the reft of their Congregations; and meeting together in
HoufeSjWoods, and common Fields, kept there their moft unlawful and
diforderly Conventicles.
31. Now at fuch time as Bution^Billmgham, and the reft of the Puritan
Fadion had firft made the Schifm, Harding a.x\d Sanders^ and fome others
of the Popifti Fugitives, imployed themfelves as bufily in perfwading
thofe of that Religion to the like temptation : For being licenfed by the
Pope to excrcife Epifcopal jurifdidion in the Realm of Engl, wd, they take
upon
Lib. V I. €:^e l^tftojt of tn^z ^itahturimtfi^
izs
upon them to abfolve all fuch ia the Court of Confcience, who fl^ould
return to the Communion of the Church oi Rome ■ as alfo to difpence in
Caufesofirregtilarity, except it were incurred by wilful murther 5 and
finally, from the like irregularities incurred by Herefie , if the party
who defired the benefit of the Abfolution, abftain'd from Miniftrinc at
the holy Altar for three years together. By means whereof, and°the
advantages before mentioned which were given them by the Puritan
/■<»(!??<)» j'^ they drew many to them from the Church, both Priefts and
People 5 their numbers every day increasing , as the fcandal did. And
finding how the Sedaries inlarged their numbers by eredin«^ z French
Church in Londan , and that they were now upon the point of procuring
another for the ufe and comfort of the Hmch 5 they thought it no ill piece
of Wifdom to attempt the like in fome convenient place near JE^W^^^
where they might train up their Dirciples,and fit them for imploymf nc
upon oil occafions. Upon which ground, a Seminary is eftabliflied fot
them at DoTt>ay in Flai^dlers Anno 1^66 ; and another not long after at
Rhemc! a City o£ x:h.'impAig»ein the Realm of France. Such was the
benefit which redounded to the Church of -E«^/<»«<^ by the perverfnefs
of the Brethren of this firft feparation , that it occafioned the like
Schilm betwixt her and the Papifts , who till that time had kept them-
felves in her Communion, as before was faid. For that the Papifts ge-
nerally did frequent the ChUrch in theie firft ten years, is pofitivelv af-
firmed by Sir Edward Coke in his Speech at the Arraignment of Garnet
the Jefuit , and afterward at the charge which was given by him at the
general Affizes held in Norwich. In both which he fpeaks on his own
certain knowledge, not on vulgar hearfay 5 affirming more particularly
that he had many times feen Bedenjield, Cornwa/iU, and fome other of the
Leading Romanifis^zitht Divine Service of the Church, who afterwards
were the firlt that departed from it. The like averred by the moft learn-
ed Bifhop Andrews, in his Book called Tortura Torti, tag. 130. and there
afferted Undeniably againft all oppofition. And which may ferve in-
ftead of all , we find the like affirmed alfo by the Queen her felf, in her
Inftrudions given to Walfmgham, then being her Refident with the
/"rfw^King, Anno 1570. In which Inltruftions , bearing date on the
1 1 of Augufi , it is affirmed exprefly of the Heads of that party , and
therefore we may judge the like of the Members alfo , that they did ordi-
narily refort, from the he^inning of her Reign^in a U open places, to the Chtirehes^
and to Divine Service in the Church , without any Contradiction^ or (hew ofmif-
lik:nz-
32. The parallel goes further yet. For as the p/rr/'^^j were encou- ^^69.
raged to this feparation by the MilTals and Decretory Letters of Theodore
Beza, whom they beheld as the chief Patriarch of this Church: So
were the Papifts animated to their defeftion by a Bull of Pope Piut the
Fifth , whom they acknowledged moft undoubtedly for the Head of
theirs. For the Pope being thruft on by the importunity of the Houfe
of Guife, in favour of t^^e Queen of Scots , whofe Title they preferred be-
fore that of Eliz-abeth •, nnd By the Court of France , in hatred to the
Qjeen her felf , for aiding the French Hugonots againft their Kin?
was drawn at laft toifTue out this Bull againft her , dated at Rome, Fek
54. !5<?i?. In which Bull he doth not onely Excommunicate her perfon^
G g deprive
> 2(5 %\^ l^tftoj^ of t]^e ^ie?;b^tertan0. Lib. v i.
deprive her of her Kingdoms, and abfolve all her Subjects from their
Oaths of AUegeance •, but commands all her Subjects of what fort foe-
ver not to obey herLaws,Injundtions,Ordiaances, or Ads of State. The
' pefedionof the Papifts had before beea voluntary, but is now made
i^ceffary ^ the Popescommand being fuperadded to the fcandal which
Jiad before been given them by the P«r/^4;z J'^c?/^;?. For after this, tlie
goin«^ornotgoing to Church was commonly reputed by them for a
lion diftindtive, by which a Roman Catholick might be knov/n from
an Englifli Heretick. And this appears moft plainly by the Preamble tp
,lhe Ad of Parliament againfi bringing or executing of Bulb frcm Rome,
13 eUz,. 2. Where it is reckoned amongft the etfeds of thole Bulls an^
Writings, that thofe who brought them^ did hj their lewd practices and ftibtile
per fmfions work fo far forth, that fundry people, andigrjOrantpcrfons have been
contertted to be reconciled to the church o/Rome, and to have withdrawn and
ahfented themfehes from allDivine Service ^mofigodlily exercifed in this Realm.
By which it feems, that till the roaring of thofe Bulls, thofe of the Po-
pifli party did frequent the Church, though not (0 generally in the laft
Eve years (as our Learned Andrews hath obftrved) as they did the
iirft, before they were difcouraged by the Innovations of the Puritan
JaBian.
22. But for their coming to our Churches for the firft ten years, that
is to fay, before the firft beginning of the Puritan Sch/fm, there is e-
jiough acknowledged by fomeof their_^own, P/jr/tf^/^himielf confefTetf^
in.Kis Pamphlet w^hich he calls by. the name of Green Cojt, That for
tsv'elve "tears together the Court and State w^.in great quiet, and ro quejlion
m4de about Religion. Brierly hi his y^/'<)/tf^/e fpeaks it more at large •, by
whom it is acknowledged , That in the beginning of the Slucens
Rei^n mojl part cf the Catholicks for mar^y years d:d go to the Heretical churf
ches and Servtee : That ivhen the better and truer opinion was taught them by
JPriefls and Religious men frcm beyond the Seas as more perfect and necefjary^
there wanted >.ot many which cppofed themfehzs of the e'der fort of Priejls of
^een Maries (S^^j^: and finally. That this divifion was not onely favoured by
the Council, but rionriflied alfo for many years by divers troublesome people of
iheir own, both in teaching and writing. On which the Author of tJ*e
Reply, whomfoever he was, hath made this Defcant, viz,. That: for
the Catholicks goifig to Church, it was perchance rather to be lamented then bla^
med,beforeitcametobe a fignDi[iln6t[ve, by which a Catholick was known
fromop^ who tvas no Catholick. Thus as the Schifms began together, fo
are they carried on by the felf fame means, by Libelling againft the
Sta,te: the Papifts, in their Phtlopdter •, the Puritans, in Martin Mar-
Frelate, and the reft : by breeding up their novices beyond the Seas •, the
Jioman Catholicks, at Rheims and Boway •, the Presbyterians, at Cem-
vfl, Amflerdam or Saumare : by railing ftdition in the State, and plortiug
Treafon again ft the perfon of the Queen-, the Papifts, by Throgmorton,
Parry, Tichbo^rn, Babington, (kc, t^c Puritans, by Thacker, Penry, Hackel,
Coppingcry&c.^ And finally, by the executions-made upon either part j -of
whi<^h, in reference. to the Presbyterians, weihallfpeak hereafter. Bu'j:
as aom^. oi PluUrJjs Parallels Is lb exad, but that fome difference may
% iioted,>andis noted by him, betwixt the perfons and affairs of wham
he writes j fo was there a great difference in one particular between
tl:e
Lib. VI. cije i^iftojr of t^t ^jejsb^tenan^, . tif
thefortunesof thePapiftsand the contrary hd'ion. The Presbyteri-
ans were obfcrved to have many pjwerful Friends at Court, in which
the Papifts had fcarce any bat mortal Enemies. Spies and Iniellicen-
cers were employed to atttndthe Papifts, and obl'erveall their words and
adions; fo that they could not ftir without a difcovery s But all mens
eyes were fliut upon the other party, fo that they might do what they
lifted without obfervation. Of whichno reafon can be given, but that
the Queen being ftartled at the Popes late Bull,and finding both h^r Per-
fon and Eftate indangered, under divers pretences, by many of the Romijh
party, both at home and abroad, might either take no notice of the kfTer
mifchief, or fuffer that fadion to grow up to confront the qrfleri
34. And now comes C^r/ivr,;^^/ on the Stage, on which headed more
then any of the Puritan Fadion, till their laft going ofFagain in the Reic'n
of this Queen. It was upon a difcontent that he firft left Cambridge-^ and
in purfuance of the fame, that he left the Church. For being appointed
one of the Opponents at the Divinity- Ad: in Cambridge^ Anno 1564, ae
fuch time as theQuetn was pleafed to honor it with her Royal prefenccj
he came not off fo happily in her efteem, but that Prefion of Kings Col-
ledge for adion, voyce, and elocution, was preferred before him. This
fo afflicted the proud man, that in a fudden humour he retires from the
Univerfity, and fcts uphis ftudiesin Genevay where he became as <?reac
with Beza, and the reft of that Confiftory j as ever Knox had been with,
C4/a/i« at his being there. Asfoonas he had well acquainted hinifelf
with the Form of their Difcipline,and ftudied all fuch points as were to
be reduced to pradice at his coming back, well ftocked with Princi-
ples, and furnilhed with Inftrudions, he prepares for England, and puts
himfelf into his Colledge. Before, upon the apprehenfion of the faid
negled, he had begun to bufie himfelf with fome difcourfes a^ainft the
Ecclefiaftical Governmt'ntthen by Law eftablilhed •, and feemed to en-
tertain a great opinion of himfelf, both for Learning and Holinefs •, and
therewithal a great contemner of fuch others as cor^tinued not with him.
But at his coming from Geneva, he bircame more pradical, or pragmati-
cal rather, condemning the Vocation of Archbilhops, Bifliops, Arch-
deacons, andother EccleftajliCAl Officers •, the Adminiftration of our ho-
ly Sacraments, and obfcrvations of our Rites and Ceremonies. And
buzzing thefe conceits into the Heads of divers youncr Preachers and
Scholars of the Univerfity, he drew after him a great number of Di-
fciples and Followers. Amongftwhom he prevailed fo far by his feciec
pradices, but much more by a Sermon which he Preached one Sunday-
morning in the Colledge- Chappel-, that in the afternoon all the Fellows
and Scholars threw afide their Surplices (which by the Statutes of the
Houfe they wet:c bound to ufej and went to the Divine Service only in.
their Gowns and Caps. Dr. ^ohnWhitgift was at that time Mafter of
Trinity Colledge, and the Queens Profeflbr for Divinity •, a man of great:
temper and moderation, but one withal that knew well how to hold the
Reins, and not fuffer them to be wrefted out of his hand by an Head-
ftrong beaft. Cartm'ight was Fellow of that College, emulous of the Ma-
fters Learning, but far more envious at the credit and authority which
he had acquired : for which caufe he procured himfelf t:) be chofen the
Profeflbr for the Lady nUirgaretfXhat he might come as near to him as he
G g 2 could-
438 C^ Wojt Of ti^c ^jejJbtterianjJ. Lib. v i.
could, both in place and power. But not content with that which he
had done in the CoUedge, he puts up his Difciples into all the Pul-
pits in the Univerfity, where he and they inveigh moft bitterly againft
theGovernment of the Church, and the Governours of it •, the Or-
dination of Priefts and Deacons, the Liturgie eftablithed, and the Rites
thereof. And though Whitgift Preached them down as occafion fer-
ved With great applaufe unto himfelf, but greater fatisfadion to all mo-
derate and fober men 5 yet Carmnght and his Followers were now
grown unto fuch a head, that they became more violent by the oppo-
, fition.
32. Itfhdjliieth commonly, as a Learned man hath well obferved.
That thefe fervent Refrehenders of things efiablifhed h^ ftthlick Authority^
Arc always confident and bold-ffirited men •, and fuch as will not eafily be ta-
ken off from their profecutions by any fair and gentle ufage. "Which
Whitgift found at laft, after all his patience ^ infomuch, that having
many times in vain endeavoured, by gentle Admonitions and fair per-
fwafions, to gain the man unto himfelf, or fo to moderate andreftrain
him,as that he fliould no longer trouble both that CoUedseand the
whole llniverfity with his dangerous Dodtrines-, he was necelTuatei in
the end to expel him out of the Houfe, and after to deprive him alfo
of the Margcxret-Lt^mt. Which laft he adted as Vice-chancellor upon
this account, that he had delivered divers errors in his Ledlnres, which
he had neither recanted as hewasrequir'ed, nor fo expounded as to free
himfelf from that imputation^ and that withal he had exercifed the Fun -
6lion of a Minifl:er,without being able to produce any Letters of Orders.
Hereupon Cartwright and his Followers began to mouth it, complaining
that the man had been mightily wronged, in being deprived of his pre-
ferments in the llniverfity, without being called unto his anfwer-, that
Cartwright had made many offers of Difputation for tryal of the points
in Queftion, but could never be heard ^ and therefore that fF";^//^//} fup-
plyed this by excefs of power, which he was not able to make good by
defedof Arguments. Toftop which clamour, Whitgift not onely of-
fered him the opportunity of a Conference with him, but offered \z
intheprefenceoftufficient witneffeS', and put the man fo hard unto it,
that he not only declined the Conference at the prefent, but confeft that
whitgift had made him the like offers formerly, and that he had refufed
the fame, as he now did alfo. All which appears by a Certificate,
fubfcribed by eight fufflcientWitneffes, and a publick Notary, dated
the 18 ofitZ/trf/j* 1570. But thisdifgrace was followed by a greater,
much about that time: for finding himfelf in aneceffityto depart from
Cambridge^ he would have taken the degree of Dodlor along with him
for his orreater credit, but wasdenyed by the major part of the Regent
Mafters and others which had votes therein 5 which fo difpleafed both
him and all his adherents, that from this time the Degrees of Dodors,
Batchellors and Mafters were efteemed unlawful, and thofe that took
them reckoned for the Limbs of Antichrift, as appears by the Cf^^fwV:;*
Notes on the Revelation. But for this, and all the other wrongs which
he hadfuffersd (as was faid) in the llniverfity, he will revenge himfelf
upon the Church in convenient time 5 and in convenient time we fhall
hear more of it.
36, In
Lib. VI. Cl)e I^ifto?r of t^e l^?e?fi)f tertaii^.
Z2^
pla
ieparated themlelves trom the reit ot their lirethren, under'the name of
the Anejnted, The Bond of Peace was broken by the reft before and
thefe men meant not to retain the unity of ipirit with them, as they had
done formerly. Their Leader was one Wright', their Opinions thefe
viz. That no man is to b: accufed offtn^ hut he that did rejec7_ the truths hy them
frofe/ed. That the whole New Tefiament contamed nothing but p edict ions of
things to come t, and therefore that Chr:fi (rvhom they gram to have appeared in
theflefh before) /ha/l come before the Day of judgement , and aBually perform
thofe things which are there related : That he rvhofe fins are once pardoned cannot
fin again : And that no credit was to be afforded to men of Learning , but all
things to be taught by the Spirit only. Of thefe men Sanders tells us in his
Book Dcvifibile Monarchia, Vol. 707, and placeth them in this prefent
year 1 570, But what became of theni , I find not there , or in any 0-
theis. And therefore I conceive, that either they were foon worn out
for want of company, or loft themfelves amongft'the Jnabaptjfts Fa-
milifls^ or fome other. And this I look upon as one of the firft Fadiions
amongft the Puritans themf.lves , after they had begun their feparation
from the Church q[ England: Which feparation , fo begun as before is
faid, was clofed again about this time by the hands of thofe who firft had
laboured in the breach.
37. For foit was, that either out of love to their own profit, or the
publick peace, fome of them had confulted Bez,a c inching this particular*
that is to fay, Whether he thought it mjre expedient for the good of the Church
That the Miniftcrs pould chufe rather to for fake their Flock s^ then to conform
untofuch Orders as were then prcfcribed. Whereuiito he returns this An-
fwer : Th.it many things both may and ought to be obeyed^ which are not warranh
ably commanded : That though the Garments in difpute were not impofed upon the
Church by any Warrant from the Word of Cod 5 yet having nothing of mpiety in
them , he conceived that it were fitter for the Minifters to conform themfelves
then either voluntarily to forfake their churches , or be deprived fcf their refu-
fal: That in like manner the people were to be advifed to frequent the churches
and hear their Pajlors fo apparelled as the church required^ rather then utterly to
forfake that Spiritual food , by which thar fouls tvere to be nour/Jhed to eternal
life : Butfo, that frjl the Mmifiers do difcharge their Confciences , hy making a
modeflproteflation againjl thofe Fejlments , as well before the ^eens Majefly
as their fever al B^flwps ? andfo apply themfelves to fuffer what they could not re-
medy. This might have ftopt the breach at th- rirft beginninc^, if either
the Englifh Puritans had not: been too hot upon it, to be cooled fo fudden-
ly, or that he had not made his own good counfel ineffedual in the clofe
of all : In which he tells them in plain terms , That if they could no other •
wfeprefervc their flandmg in the Churchy then either byfubfcribin^ to the law-
fulnefs of the Orders, Rites and Ceremonies which were then required , or by ^i-
vi/ig any countenance to them by a faulty filence •, they Jhould then finally aive
n>aj to that open violence which they were not able toreftfl ^ that is to fay (for
fo^ I underftand his meaning) that they (hould rather leave 'their
Churches, then fubmit themfelves tofuch conditions. But this dire-
dion being given toward the end of offober,Jnno i^S-j, (terns to be
qualified
iy
'^^t I^iftojtof t]^e ^icjib^tevian^*
Lib. \ I.
qualified in his Epiftle to the Brethren of the Forein Churches which
were then in England^ bearing date ^iwe the fifth in the year next fol-
lowing^ • in which he thus refolves the cafe propoft d unto him : Tkit
for Avoiding all dcflru^fve rupures in the body ofchrift^ bj dividing the mem-
bers thereof from one another , Jt was >iot lawful for any man , of what Rank Joe-
ver, tofeparate himfelf-, upon any occafon, from the church ofchrift , in which
the ^ Doctrine is preferved, whereby the people are inflructcd in the ways ofGod^
and the ridjt ufe of the Sacraments urdained by Chrijl is maintained invio-
38. Thismif'ht, I fay, have flopped the breach in the firft beginnings
had not the Enolifh Puritansheen refolved to try fome conclufions before
they hearkned to the Premifes. But finding that their party was not
ftron<^ enouf^h to bear them out , or rich enough to maintain them on
their'private^purfes , they thought it not amifs to follow the dir dions -
of their <Jreat Dictator. And hereunto the breaking out of thofe in
5'«m ^ave Tome further colour, by which they fay, that nothing but
confufion muft needs fall upon them ; and that fo many Tadicns , Sub-
divificns, and Schifmatical Ruptures , as would inevitably enfue on the
firft reparation, muft in fine crumble them to nothing. And on tht-fe
grounds it was determined to unite thcmfelves to the main body of the
Church , to reap the profit of the fame •, and for their I'afer ftanding in
it to take as well their Orders as their Inftitutlon from the liands of\he
Billiops. But fo, that they would neither wear the Surplice oftner then
meer ncceffity compelled them , or read more of the Common- prayers
then what they thought might fave them harmlefsif t'liey iliould be
queftloned •, and in the mean time by degrees to bring in that Difcipline,
which could not be advanced at once , in all parts of the Kingdom.
Which half conformity they were brought to on the former grounds 5
and partly by an Ad of Parliament which came out this year,^ 13 Eliz,,
Cap. 12. for the reforming of diforders amongft the Miniftcrs of the
Church. And they were brought unto no more then a half- Conformi-
ty , by reafon of fome claiming which appeared unto them,"bet\veen the
Canons of the Convocation, and that Acl of Parliament •, as alfo in re-
gard of fome interpofings which are now made in theirbehalf,by one of
a greater Title, though of no more power, then Calvin, Martyr, Beza, or
the reft of the Advocates.
3^. Thedangerthreatned to the Queen, by the late fentcnce of Ex-
communication which was paft againfther, occafioned her to call the
Lords and' Commons to alTemble in Parliament, the Biihops and Clergy
to convene in their Convocation. 1 hefe laft accordingly met together in
the Church of St. Paul^ on iht <) o[ April 1571. At which,tiine Dr.
Whitgtft , Mafter of Tr/w/Vy-CoUege in Cambridge , Preached the Lacine'
Sermon. In which heinfifted moft efpecially upon the Inftiturion and'
Authority of Synodical Meetings, on the necfflary ufe of Ecclefiaftical
Veftments, and other Ornaments of the Church; the oppofition made
againft all Orders formerly Eftabliflied , as well by Puritans di-i Papifi/-,
touchinf^in fine on many other particularities , in retflifying whereof the
care and diligence of the Synod was by him required. And as it proved,
his counfel was not given in vain. Eor the firft thing which fv»llowed
the conforming of the Prolocutor , was a command given by the Arcli-
biJliop,
Xib. VI. Cl^e ^i&o^v of tije l^zejsb^ten'an^.
■bifliop , That alifuch of the lower Houfc ofCo;wocatim , rvhe -not had forkviiy
Juhfcrtbed unto the Jrticles of Religion agreed uf on Anno i^Si, fho/fUfSfchie
them now •, er on their abfolute refufal , or procr^fimation , he expelkd'the
Hottfe, Which wrought fo well , that the faid Book of Articles b^r]:b-
publickly read , was uaiverially approved, and perfonally rtibfcrM:bv
every Member of both Houfes , as appears clearly by the Ratiftcatronzz
the end of thofe Articles. In prokcution of which necefTary and prti-
dent courfe , it was further oraered , That the Book of Articles fu ^avpro^B.
fbould he put into Prirjt ^ bj the nfpgmirrpent of the Rt^ht Reverend Dr. \o\m
}t\vt\then BifJiop c/'Sarum -, a^id that every Bifiop jhtdd take acoimick
number vf them to be difperfcdin the.r Fifuations , vr Diocefan Synods , and to
h read four times in every ye^rtn all the FanJJies of their fevcral'andfehe^ive
jQJocefes. Which qaelHonlefs might have fettled a rnoreperfe(ftCon-
formity in all parts of the Kingdom , fome Canons of the Convocati-
on running much that way , if the Parliament had fpoke as clearly in ic
as the Convocation •, or if fome finiSer praftice had not been ex'cocri-
tated to pervert thofe Articles , in making them to come out imperf^^t
and confequently deprived of Ijfei, and vigour , which Ocherwife t^ey
would have carried. ■■;'■':•'' ' :-
40. The Earl o^Lciccfler at that time was of great- Authority; anH
.liad apparently made himfelf the head of the Puritan Fadlon. They'al-
■fo had the Earl oi Himtmgdon^ the Lord North , and others in the Houfe
.of Peers •, Sir Francis KnoUls^ Walfingham^ and many more in the Hdufe
of Commons. To which (if Zanchy be- to be believed , as perhaps he
•may be) foraie of the Bilhops may be added -, who were not vvillin* to
tye the Puritans too clofe to that Subfcription by the Ad of Parliament
which was required of them by the Ads and Canons of the Conyoca-
■mi\i. It had been ordeied by the BiHiops in their Convocation , TBt
a.ll.the Clrgythen af.'mhled jhculd fuhfcr.hc the Articles. And it was orde-ed
■ -by the unanimous content of the Bilhop and Clergy, rhjt none fj^cnid be
■jidmaiedfrom thenceforth unto Holy Orders^ till he hAd'frjl f uhfcr.be d the famt
andfolemnly hid obliged himfelf to defend the thingsHherem contained^ as confo-
nant mail points to the JVord of God, Can. i 571. Cap. de Epifcop. b'ui by the
>4irft Branchof ff^e htt of Parliament , Subfcription leemed to be noo-
-jiherwiferequi<^,Tthen tofuch Articles alone as contained the Cor.fcfjionof
■the true Chrifli^wFaiih, and the Dechinc of the Holy Sjcramems. Whereby
ail Articles relating tothe Book ot Homilies , the Form of Confecratifi<>
tArchbilhops and Bilhops, the Churches power for the impofino of ne\*
■Rij^es-and Ceremonies , and retaining thofe alreadv made , feerned to be
j>urpolVly omitted , as not within the corapafs of the faid Subfcription.
And although no fuch Reftridiondoocciirinthe following Branchesb^
V^hich Subfcription is required indefinitely unto all the Articles ^ yet did
,the firft Branch feem to have fuch influence upon all the reft, that is wkl
iT)adeto ferve the turn ot the Puritan Faftion , whenfoever theyv\W
caUed upon to fubfcribe to the Epifcopal Government, the Publick Li-
curgie of the Church, or the Qic ens Supremacy. But .nothin* did
more vifibly difcover the defigns of the Fadion , and the great power
tjieir Patrons had in the Publick Government , 'then the oinittinw ths
fix{i cjaufein the twentieth 'Article : In which it was declared , Tlhtt ill-
■Chv?^^ lud power tv Dccree^Rttes ^tnd Ccrcmhies ^ -and AuthorMy w Contro-,
verfes
ill
45*
Ci^e l^ifiojt cf t^c i^ie^t^terian^. Lib. v i.
'y^r/ifi of Faith. Which Claufe, though exrant io the Rcgifters of the
Convocation as a part of that Article, and printed as a part thereof
both in Latine and Englifh, J»no 1562, was totally left out in this new
Impreflion 5 and was accordingly left out in all iheHarnionies of £■<•»-
/>A^^;jj, or other CoUedions of the fame, which were either printed at
Geneva^ or any other place where C^k'/wz/w? was of moft predominancy.
And fo it flood with us in England t\\\ the death of Lacefier. After
which, in the year 1593 the Articles were reprinted, and that Claufe
refumed, according as it ftands in the Publick Regifters. By which
Claufe it was after publifhed in the third year of King ^ames^ and in ■
thetenthyear ofthefaidKing, ^»»<? 151 2, and in all following Impref-
fions from that time to this. Once cunningly omitted in a Latme Im-
preflion which came out at Oxen^ Anno 1 5 36. but the forgery was foon
difcovered, and the Book call'd in 5 the Printer checked, and ordered to
reprint the fame with the Claufe prefixed. Which makes it the more
{trance, andalmoft incredible, that the Funtans ftionld either plainly
charge it as an Innovation on the lare Archbifliop ^ or that any other
fober or indifferent man fliou Id make a queftion, whether the Addition
of that Claufe were made by the Prelates, or the Subtradion of it by
the turttans^ for their fevcral purpofes.
41, There alfo paft a Book of Canons in this Convocation, by which
it was required, Jhat allfuch at were admitted unto Holy Orders^ jhouldfuh-
fcrihe the Boek of Articles^ as before was faid : That the Gray Amice, fitU
retained {as it feems) by fome of the old Triefls of ^een Maries timc^ Jhottld
be from thenceforth laid afide^ and no longer ufed : That the Deans and Refi-
flentianes of Cathedral Churches fhould admit no other Form of faymg or Jingifig
Divine Service of the churchy or adminiftring the holy Sacraments.^ then that
which tvas prefer. bed in the Tubltck Liturgie ■■ That tf any Preacher in the fame
fhould openly maintain any pint cf Dochine contra) y to any thing contained in
the Book of Articles, or the Bock of Common- Prayer^ the Bifhof fhould he adver-
tifed of it by the Dean and Prebendaries^ to the end he might proceed therein ai
to himfeemcd befi : That no mxn be admitted to preachy in what Church foever,
till he be licenfed by the ^uecn^ or the Archbifhop of the Province^ or the Bifhop of
the Diocefs in which heferveth : And that no Preacher being fo licenfed, Jhould
preach or teach any thing for Doltrinal^ to be believed by thepeofle^ but rvhat was
confonant to the Word of God in Holy Scripture •, or by the Ancient Fathers or
Orthodox Bifliops of the Church hadbeen gathered from it . That no Par-
fon^ Vicar ^Or Curate jhould from thenceforth read the Common Prayers in any
Chapp /, Oratory., or Private Heufe^ unlefs he were lice;, fed by the Bifhop under
hand andfeal : And that none of the perfons aforefaj jhould defert his Miniflry^
or carty himfelf in his apparel cr kind of life like to one of the Laity : That the
faid Parfons^ Vicars and Curates-, fijtuld yearly certife to their fcveral Ordina'-
};ies^ the names and Sir names of all perfons of fourteen years of age and upwards.,
tifho had not received the Communion, or did refufe to be inflructed in the Pub-
lic} Catechifm 5 or that theypould notfuffer any fuch perfons to be God- Father or
God- Mother to any child, or to contra^ any Marriage, either bettveen themfelves
or with any other. It was alfo ordered in thofe Canons, That every Bifhop
(houldcaufe the Holy Bible in the largefl Volume tobe fet up in fome convenient
place of his Hall or Parlour 5 that as weUthofe of his own Family., as all fuch
Grangers asrefortedto hm^ might have recottrfe to it ifthcypleafed : And that
all
dbai
liH.vi. Cl)e l^ffto^r of t]^e |^?e0bttcrfanj{. 44 t?
tif Bifhops.^ Deans and Archdeacons jhould cAufe the BO0k-c-«U<:Jf ^The A^^Is'^mj^
Monaments, to be diffofed of in like fort fit the ufeaforefit^, Tlifi-- fipft ''<^f
which Injundions fecms to have been made fot; keeping up the R^pii-
lationof the Englifh Bibles publickly- Authorized for the' life-vrf-xthls
Chorch. The credit and authority of which Tranflation^was mftcli (ttf-
cryed by thole 0 f the Cf«fi'/4»Fadion, to' advance tfieir ownJ 'B\''it!fe
other there was nothing aimed at, but to gain credic tothc Booki,';whiG'h
lerved fo feafonably to create an odium in all fores of pebple , ■a'^ai'iiil the
Tyrannies anJ Superfticions of the Pope o( Rom:, whofe plots and praAi-
ces did fo apparently intend the ruine of the Queen and Kingdom No
purpofe either in the Bilhops or Clergie co juftifie all or any of the paf-
fagesin the fame contained, which have been fince made ufe of by the
0ifciplinarians, either to countenance fome ftrainge Dodrine, or decry
fome Ceremony-, to which he (hewed himfelf a Friend or Enemy,as the
cafe might vary.
42. Fordfied with thefe Canons and Synodical Ads, the Prelates
fhewthemfelves more earned in'requiring Subfcription, more zealous
in prefldng for Conformity then before they did •, but found a ftiffer op-
poiition in the Puritan Fadiion, then could be rationally cxpeded. For
whether it were, that they relyed upon their Friends in Court, or that
fome Lawyers had informed them that by the Statute no Subfcription
was toberequiredof them,but only unto points of Dodrine •, certain it
is, that they were now more infolent and intradable then they had been
formerly. For now, the better to difguife their Projeds to wound the
Difcipline, the quarr.ls about Surplices and othtr Veftm.nts (which
feemed to have been banillisd awhile) are revived again •, complaints
madeof their fufferings in it to the Forein Churches •, andthereport is
fpread abroad (to gain the greater credit to their own perverfenefs) that
many of the Bilh^ps did as much abominate thofePopidi Veftments as
any of the brethren did. For fo writes Zanchy, a Divine of Heiddhwr^
inKisLtatx^ mM^Qxztn Elizabeth o( September xhQ 2, and writes (o by
diredion from the Prince Eledor (whom they had engaged in the caufe)
out of an hope to take her off from giving any further countenance to
the Biftiops in that point of Conformity. To the fame purpofe he writes
alfo to Bifhop J'-cncl on the 1 1 ofSeptemb. Where he informs fas he had
been informed himfelf) That many of the Eccleftaflical order would rather
chufe to quit their fl alien in the churc^, and reftgn their Offices.^ thenyeildto the
wcarinr ofthofe Veflmcnts which had been formerly defiled by fuch o-rofs Superfli-
tion. He alio fignifies what he had writ unto the Qu^tren, of whofe re-
kntinghe could give himfelf no great affurance*, and that he had alfo
been advifed to write to fome of the Clergie, to the end that they might
be perfwaded to a prefent Conformity, rather then deprive the Church
of their future Minillry. Theprofecutionof which work he commends
to J'-ewel.,x\\z\. by theinterpofing of his Authority, they might be brouc^hc
to yield t > the points propofed, and thereby b? continued in the exercife
ol their Vocation. Which laftclaufe could not chufe but be.exceed-
ing acceptable to that Reverend Prelate, who had (hewed himfelf fo
earneft for Conformity in a Sermon preached by him at the Crofs
that he incurred fome cenfure for it amongft the brethren. Which put
him to this Proteftation befjre his death, That hislafl Sermsn atS. Pauls
H h crc-fs,
,34 C^efiilojf cft^e|^?c0l)¥ttttanjJ. ,iib.vi;
Crofst Mii Canferewe about the Cerewontes andfidte of the Church, was not to
fledfe any man livings nor to grieve his Brethren of a contrary ofinion •, but on-
ly to this end, that neither fartj might prejudice the other. But he wa§ able
to aft nothing in purfuance of Zanchfs motion, by reafon of his death
within few days after, if not fome days before he received that Letter.
For on the 12 of the fame Moneth, it pleafed God to take him to him-
fclf 5 and thereby to deprive the Church of the grcateft Ornament
which ihe could boaft of in that age.
7he End of the fixth BooK
Lib. VII.
235
i3fyi''i
A E%IV S \EVIV IVV S:
OR THE
H I S T O R
OF T H £
resbyteriails.
LI B. Vil.
Containing
A ^lat'mi af their fecret and open ^raElices :^ the Schifit
and Fa^ion by them mi fed for advancing the Gencviin D^-
fcipline in the Church of England, /V^m the year 1572, ^Qi the
year 1584.
-:^^HeEngU(li Pwr/V/iw; had^ hitherto- maintained then:
-^l Quarrel by the Authofky ofCahin^kht fawcinefs
"" of Kndx^ the bold aftivities of s^z,a^ and the mure
moderate interpofing of fome Fotein Divihe^V
whOfe fiafite was gteat in all the Churches of the
RefbrnTa.rion. But now they are refolved to fry
it out by their proper valour •, to fiin^ away th^ir
_____ Bulrufhes, and lay by; their Crutti'ties, or tit rtiib
■be/l to makeno Other ufe of Out-landjfli Forces, then as Auxiliaries
and Referves, if the worft fho^ild happen. 'And hitherto they h^d ap-
peared onlyagajnft Caps and Surplices, or q^eftioned.fome Rites and
fceremoniesia thepub]ickLirur»iew^ich might be^th<l>ught to have
• "^ Hh 2 been
I.
^35 ^^e m^oit Of t^e ^?e0i)^tenanj{. Lib. vii.
been borrowed from the Chureh of Rome : But now they are rcfolved to
venture on the Epifcopal Government, and to endeavour the ere(!lingof
the Presbyterian^ as time and opportunity {hould make way unto it. A-
mongft which Undertakers none more eminent, becaufe none more vio-
lent then Cartwright, formerly remembred : Snape o£ Northampton^iotea-t
ftickler for the holy DifcipUne 5 and FeiUa. Ledurer in London^ as ridi-
culoufly zealous to advance Preshytery^zs the moft forward in the pack.
But C*r/n'r%)&/ was the man upon whofe Parts and Learning they did
moft dependi, and one who both"by private Letters, and fome Printed
Pamphlets, had gained more credit to the fide then all the reft. And yet
it was amongft his own only that he gained fuch credit : For when his
Papers had been {hewn unto Biftiop ^ewel^ and that the Judgment of
that Reverend and Learned Prelate was demanded of them, he is faid
to have returned this anfwer. That the Arguments therein contained
were too (light to buildup, andtoo weak topull down. And fo it proved in the
e'veat, when C4r/n'r/j-i('/jwh0fedifcourfesagainft the Forms of Govern-
ment and Publick Worftiip, hereby Law eftabliOied, came to b; feri-
ouffy debated.
3. For having been ]png great with Child of fome new defign, the
Babe comes forth in the beginning of the Parliament which was held
in the year 1572, intituled by the name of an Admonition ^ in which
complaint was made of their many grievances, together with a Decla-
ration of the only way to redrefs the fame ; which they conceived to bs
no other then the fetling of the (7e»fT//4« Platform in all parts of the
Kin«^dom. But the Parliament was fo little pkafed with the Title, and
fomuchdifpleafed with the matter of the Admonition, that the Authors
andPreferrersof it wereimprifoned by them. But this imprifonment
could lay no Fetters on their fpirits, which grew the more exafperated,
becaufe fo reftrained. For towards the end of the Parliament our
Corn c s the /ffW Admonition, far more importunate then the firft •, and it
comes out with fuch a flaih of Lightning, and fuch claps of Thunder,
as if Heaven and Earth were prtfthtly to have met together. In the
-£\& ;he had amafledtogecherallthofe- feveral Arguments which either
his reading could afford, or ,his wit fuggeft, or any of that party could
excogitate for him againft the Government of Billiops, the whole body
of'^the Engliih Liturgie, ahd^lmoft all the particular Offices in the fame
contained. And inthefecond, he not only juftified whatfoever had been
found in the firft, but challenged the Parliament for not giving it a
jaiQ^e graciousvvelcome: For therehe tells them in plain terms, Thatthe
State, dM notjherv rtfclf upright, aliedge the Parliament what it will. That all ho-
jiejlmenjhouidfindlackof equity, 4nd all good Ce/jfcienccs condemn that Court :
jhat it Jhould he^fier for Sodom 4;7<:/ Gomorrha in the day of judgement,
then for ^uch- a, Parliament^ \ That thcre.u no ether thing to he looked
[or, then fome. ffeedy vengeance to light upon the whole Land, let the Po-
litick Machiavdls cf England /'^■ew^^ as, well as they can, though God do
his worfl ,1 And fnally, that if they of f hat AfemMy would not follow
the advice ofthefrft Admonition, they would Uifallihl) be their own carvers in
it ', the church being hound to keep Gods Order, and nothing to be called Gods
Order but their prefent Platform. >
3 . About this • time Clark, Travers, Gar diner ^ Parber,chefltn, and laftly.
Crook
Lib. VII. ci^e i^tao^^of tl^e W^bmmm, i^^
Creek and Egertbn , j^yned themfelves to the Brotherhood. Aiiioneft'
whom the handling of fuch points as concerned the Difcipline becattiei
very frequent , many motions being made , and fome conclufions;
fetledin purfuance ofit 5 but mote particularly, it Was refolved upon'
the queftion , Thatfer as much as divers Books hadbeen written , andfundri
Petitions exhibited to her MA]efij^ the Parliament^ andtheif Lordjhiti^ to little
pHrpofe\ every man jhould therefore labour by all means fojjible to bnna- the Re-
formation into the church. - 'It was alfo then and there refolved , That for
t^je better bringing in of the f aid holy Dtfcifline^ theyfbould not only^ as rvellpu-
blickly as j>rivately teach it , hut by little and little , as well- as fofftbly thei
might draw the fame into practice. According to which Refolution a
Presbytery was ereded on the 20 0^ November ^ at a fmall Village in
Surrey called Wandfrverth , where FieldhzAtht Incumbencie , or cure
of Souls •, a place con veniently fcituate for the London Brethren, as (land-
ing near the Bank of the Thames^ but four rtiilesfrom the City, and
more retired and out of fight then any of their o\Vn Churches about the
Town. This firll Eftablifliment they indorfed by the name of the Or-
ders of iVandfvorth. In which the Elders names are agreed on,the man-
ner of the ElediDn declared , the Approvers of them mentioned , their
Offices agreed on alfo, and defcribed. And thbugh the Queen might
have no notice of this firtt Eftablifliment , yet fhe knew very well both
by their Preachings and Writings , that they had defamed the Church
oi Engl.nd ., that many of them refufedtobe prefent at that Form of
Worlhip which had the countenance of the Laws, and had fet up a new
Form oi their own devifing : Which moved the Queen to look upoiv
them a. men of an unquiet andfeditiousfpirit , greedy of change 5 in-
tent on the deftrudion of all things which they found eftablifhed, and
ready once again to break out into open Schifm. For the preventing
whereof, flie gave command, That the feveriiy of the Laws for keepingup
the Uniformity of Gods Pub lick Worfhip Jlwuld be forthwith but in execution t
Jnd that all fuch fcandalous Bosks and Pamphlets {the firfl andfecond Admoni-
tion amongft the reft) fbould either be immediately deliverediofome Bijhop in
their fever jI Diocefes^ or to fome one er other of the Lords ef the Council , upon
fainofirnprifonment. ;AKt.v\/" ■■)«'j..^, v, , t
-4. This Proclamation much amazed the Difciplinarians, who were
not only more follicitous in fearching into the true Caufe and Orioiniai
of it, then ready to execute their vengeance upon all fuch Counfellors as
they fufpefted for the Authors. Sir chriftopher Hatton was at that time
in tfpecial favour. Vice-chamberlain , Captain of the Guard , and af-
terwards Lord' Chancellor alfo r, in the whole courfe of his preferments,'
of- a known Sverfnefs to the Earl o( Leicefter ^ and confequently no
-friend to the Puritan Fadlion. This obftacle muft be removed one
way or other, according to that Principle of the Ancient Z>(7«4?//?/, for
murthering any man of what Rank foever which oppofed their Pradi-
ces. This Office Burchet undertakes , and undertakes the Office upon
this Opinion, that it was lawful to aflaflinate any taan who oppofed
the Gofpel. But being blind with too mac h light, he miftook the
man •, and meeting in the Street with Hawkins , one of the oreateft Sea
Captains of the times he lived in,he ftabbed him defperateiy with aPon-
yard , conceiving that it had been Hatton their profefTed Enemy. For
which'
J3»^ ^5^ l^tftojt Of t^e i&iejJbttcmnsJ. Lib. vii.
which committed to the Tower ^ he was there examined, found to hold
many dangerous and erroneous Tenents v and thereupon lent Prifoner trt
the lolkrds Tower. From thence being ealled into the Confiflory of
St. Patfls » before the Bil})op of London and divers others , and by them
«^3iamined , he ftill perfifted in his errors , till the fencence of death was
ready on the fourth of Ncvember to be pronounced againft him as an He- .;
retick. Through the perfwafions of fome men , who took great pains' o
wich him, he made aflieW as if he had renounced and abjured thofeOpi-
nions for erroneous and damnable, which formerly he had imbraced -
with fo ftrong a paflion. From thence returned unto the Tower by the ;
Lords of the Council , he took an opportunity when one of his Keepers
was withdrawn b to murther the other 5 intending the like alfo to his ^i.
fellow , if :he had not happily efcaped it. For which fad he was ar-
!:ai<»ned and condemned at Wefimmfter on the morrow after -, and the
next day he wias hanged up in the very place where he wounded Hajfkins, v.
his right hand being firltcntoff, and nailed to the Gibbet : a piece of
Jtoftice not more fife then leafonable ^ the horridnefs of the Fad , and
the complexion of the times, being well confidered.
■,.:fi The Regular Clergy flcpt not in fo greatattrnpeftas was theft
hinging over their heads •, but fpcnt themfelves in cenfuring and con-
futing' Cartrvrights Pamphlets, which gave the hrft Animation to thofe
bold attempts. What cenfure Bifhop ^eml paft upon Cartwrtghts Pa-
pers v hath been fliewn before •, and he will give you his opinion of the
Author alfo, of whom it isrcported that he gave this Charadier, viz.
S tultitia natA tfi in cor de pier i^ fed wrga Di[ciflm£ fugdit earn : T ha t is to
fay , Thcit foil) had been bred m the heart of the joung man ^ And nothing hut a
Hod of correcJion would remove it from him. But ^ewel had onely feen fjme
fcattered Papers intended for materials in the following Pamphlet,which
Whttaker both faw and cerifured when it was compleac. For writing of
ivnxiio Whitgjft ., he reports him thus: ^tm Can\\'r\3,htm»ftperemjf;t
lihellum, &e, / hxve read over (faith he) agfdutpart of the Book which Cart-
wrio ht hath lately fet forth., . Let mc never live ^ifj ever faw any thing more
ioofe , and almojl more childJJf\ 4s for ^vords indeed , he hathfioreofthcm^
trim andfrc'fl) enough t, hut as for matter , none at all. Befides nh/ch^ he not
only holds fomtf^'vifh opinidftfideregatory to the Sheens Authority in caufes£c-
ciefidflical ^ ht hfid revetted alfoan that feint to the Popi/h party, from whom he
would be tihoHghtto fly w:thfinh deadly hatred.. He adds in fine , Th<it he
cmpJted not with the Pafifls tajklt foini alorte.> but borromd from them mofl if
hkfiton wcapTiRS , wherewith fie did afjault the Church : And in a word {as Je-
(3) Verbis h- ^omerdtd affirm hf Ambrofe) (a) that he mas m words, but a Trifler ., and for
dit,& in^^^^ /feijw^mr, but a Dreamer ;.^md altogether unmrthy to be refuted by a man of
mm '&puni Learning.. ; But thefe were.0Dly fome preparatory drops, tothe tollowj--;
iiiUg'ns (ft j^ Tcmpeft'.which fell upon him from the Pen of the learned }Vhitgift ;
ZtouSl'"' ytHa: .pundually'i diffeded.the whole Admonition , and folidly difcourfed
""■• ' upon the. Errbrs and Infirmities of if. Which Book of his, intituled,
^» Anfwer to.the Admonition , followed fo -clofe iipna th^ heels of the 0-
ther;, that it- \Vas publi'Q'ked in the fame year with it, 1572. To which
A^^nttr Cartwright fets out a 'Repiy in the year next following r, and Whit-
j7// Iprefently rejoyns in his Mcfe>7Cf of the A;ifwer :, Anno I'j J ^. againft
•which Crfrwr?^/;niever ftirr^^,i)Ut left him M after of the.Field. psiTeft
• , ■ ' G"f
Lib. Yii. ^f)t l^iftoip Of ti)z ^rnhvittian^.
^39
of all the figns of an abfolute Vidory. And ndt long aftef, on the ap.
prehenfion of his foil therein, he withdraws to G»ern[ej firft,and to Ant-
mrf afterwards 5 ere ding the Presbytery in thofe Forein Nations, which
hecould not compafs in his own.
7.For though the Brotherhood had attempted to advance their Difci-
pline, andfet up their Presbyttrie in the Church of Wandfworth -, yet
partly by the terror of the Proclamation , and partly by the feafonable
execution of Bnrchet, they were reftraxned from pradtifing any further at
the prefent on the Church of J5«fl/«W. But what they durft not dodi-
redly, and in open fight , they found a way to adt obliquely , and under
the difguife of fctting up another Church of Strangers in the midft of
London, Many of the Low Countrey men, both Merchants, Gentlemen
and others, had fled their Countrey at the coming in of the Duke of
AlvA^ fettled their dwellings in the Ports and Sea Towns of England
which lay neareft to them, and in good numbers took up their abode in
London. Nor did they only bring Families with them, but their Fado-
ries alfo : Their feveral Trades and Manufadures 5 as the raakin» of all
forts of Stuffs, rich Tapiftries, and other Hangings of lefs worth°- and
by their diligence therein , not only kept many poor Englifh families in
continual work , but taught the Englifh the fame Arts which they
brought hither with them. Such welcome Guefls muft needs have fome
Encouragement to remain here always. And what Encouragement
could be greater and more welcome to them , then to enjoy the liberty
of their own Religion , according to fuch Government and Forms of
WorOiip as they ha i exercifed at home 1 King Edward had induloed the
like privilcdges to ^ohn AUfco,a.nd Queen Elizalieth to the Erench-neithet
of which were fo confiderable as the Fiemifh Inmates. A fuit is therefore
ma ie by clieir friends in Court,for granting them the Church of Anguftjn
fryirs^whcrt 'John Alafco {ormeAy held his Dutch Congregation ; and
granting it with all fuch Priviledges,and Immunities as theDutch enjoy-
ed. And chat rhcy might proceed in fctting up their Presbyteries and new
forms of Wor{hip,th:ry obtain not only a Connivance or Toleration,buc
a plain Approbation of their adings in it. For in the Letters which con-
firmed this new Church unto them, it isexprefly fignifiedby the Lords
of the Council, That they knew well^ that from the frji'beg'nning of the Chru
fiiaa Faith, different Rites and Ceremonies had been ujedin fome farts thereof -y
rvhich were not fraBifed in the other : That whiljl fome Chrifiians worfhipped
God upon their knees , others ere£f upon their feet^ and fome a^ain groveling on
the ground t, there rvas amongjl them all but one and the fame Religion , as long
di the whole aBton tended to the honour ofCod^dndthat there toas no Superftition
and Impiety in it : That they contemned not the Rites which thefe Dutch brought,
with them , nor pitrpofed to compel them to the practice of thofe which were ufed
in England ^ hut that they did approve and allow their Ceremonies , as fitted and
accommodattd to the nature of the Countrey from whence they came. Which
priviledges they enlarged by their Letter of the 19 oijune , in the year
next following, Annoi'i'j^s extending them to all fuch of the Belgick
Provinces as refortcd hither, and joyned themfelves unto that Church,
though otherwife difperfed in feveral parts and Sea- Towns for their own
conveiiiencesjwhich gave the firft beginning to the new Dutch Churches'
in Came/ bury ^ Sandw.ch ^ Tarmouth , "Norwich , and fome other places in
240 Cije l^taojT of tl^^ ^je^bvtertan^. Lib.' vii.
the North ; to the great animation of the Preshyttrs , and the dirc^iii-
-fait o£ all Aich .who were of judgment: to foreleethe tad confequencs
iCxfic. ':'« ''''^'^"^ ^ :oii.;n:'. r. ; ■ . tid ^',?Jb7!..Yt33i£ v.vjr
8. With like felicity they drove on their defigns in 5f^;-y}^ and (7wr;;-
-fey^ in the two prineipal Townswhereof j the Difcipliae had beenper-
3mitted by an Order of the Lordsof the Council, as before was faid:
tBut not content with that allowance which the Lords had given them
by His Majeflies great grace and favour •, their Preachers, being for the
moft part natural Frenchmen , had introduced it by degrees into all the
-Villages 5 farthered therein by the Sacrilegious Avarice of the feverai
Governors, out of a hope to have the fpoil of the poor Deanries, to in-
fgrofs all the Tythes unto themfelves , and then put off the Mioifte«
with fome forry flipends, as in fine they did. But firft thofe Iflands were
',to be dilTevered by Ibme Adt of State, from being any longer Members
of the Diocefi , or fubjecl to the Jurifdidion of the Bilhops^'of Conftance.
And that being eafily obtained , it was thought fit that Snafe and Cart-
wri<rht^ the great Supporters of the caufe in England^ lliould be fent unto
them to put their Churches in a pofture, and fettle theDilcipline amongft
them in I'uch form and manner as it was pradtifed in Ge/teva, and amonsft
the French. Which fell out happily for Cartrvright , as his cafe rtood 5
who being worfled in the laft Encounter betwixt him and Whitgift , had
now a handfome opportunity to go off with credit •, not as if vvorfted iri
the fi<yht,but rather called a-way to another tryal. Upon this Invitation
they fe fail for the Iflands, and take the charge thereof upon them •, the
•one of them being made the titular Paftor of the Caftle oi Mount Orgueily
in the Ifle oi^erfey •, and the other of Cafile Cornet, in the Rode af Guent-
fey. Thus qualified they convene the Churches of each Ifland , com-
miunicate unto them a rude Draught of the Holy Difcipline •, which af-
■terwards was poliflied , and accommodated to the ufe of thofe Iflands :'
-but not agreed upon and exercifed until the year next foUowiog •, as ap-
pears by the Title of it , which is this, viz. The Ecclefajlical Difcipline
Merv:dA:dpraBi[ed by the Churches of jerfey and Guernfey , after the Re-
formation of the fame by the Mimfters , Elders and Deacons of the Ips of
Guernfey, Jerfey, Sark, W Alderney ; confirmed by the Authority., md in
the frefence of the Governors of the fame ifles , m a Synod holdenin Guernfey -
the 28 of June 1576 •, and after wards revivsdby the fiid Mmifiers and Elders,
'and confirmed by thefaid Governors tn a Synod holdcn in Jerfey the 1 1 , 12,1?,
1^, I •) and I -J days of Oetohtr I $ J J.
- 9. With worfe fuccefs, but lefs diligence , did Travers labour in the
caufe^ who being one of the fame fpirit,publillied a Book in maintainance
of the Holy Difcipline 5 which he caufed to be Printed at Geneva , and
was thus Intituled % viz. Ecclefiafiica Difctplma , & Anglicans Ecclefia
ab ilia aberrationis , plena e verba Dei & dtlucida Explicntio ■■ that is to fav,
■ r A full andperfc^ Explication of EcclefiafiicalDifcifUne , according to the Word
dpihJ'omm of God ^ andofthe Church of Englands departing from it. In which Book
Reits&?rin-^^ advanced the Difcipline to fo great a height, as made it neceflary for
Sf/£/«f-allChriman Kings and Princes(^) tofubmicuntoit, and laydown their
!f ;;eofc tji. Crowns and Sceptres at the Churches feet, even to the very Ucking up
Traverf Ac ^f the duft thereof, if occafion were. But Truvers foj turned in Genevd
Difcipi."Ecc. when he wrote this Book, and was to'frame it to the pAlat of Beza , and
th;
Lib. VII. 'Wf^t fifloj^ of tlie l^je^trf tcrianji. 2^1
the reft of that Confiftory •, who had by this time made the J!>ifciplin^
astifencial to the true being of a Church, aseither the Preaching of the
Word, or the Adrainiftration of the holy Sacraments. Beta had fo de-
clared it in a Letter to K/iox^ Am. 1572. In which he reckons itasa o=reat
and fignal bleffing from Almighty God, tha-t they had introduc*edih
Scotk d,nQt only the true WorQiip of God, but the Difcipline alfo, which
was the beft Prefcrvative of thetruthof Doi^rine. Which therefore he
defices him fo to keep together, as to be fure, that if the one be loft
(thai; is, laid afide)the other is not like to continue long. Atid Caftwright
ItaHinginthefarae path alfo, heightned it above all which had goiie
before, or that followed after him. Some of the Brethren have extolled
it to the very Skies, as being the oncly Bondof Peace • the Bane of Herefte -
the rmifhsr of Sin^ md mamtamer of Righteo»[ne{J€ -. A Difcif line full ofatt
goodncfs^for the feace and honour ef Gods people^ or darned for the joy and hatpin-
nefs of all the Nations. But Cdrwr/V^f fets them ruchaleap,as they durft
not r.ach at,not only telling us in his laft Book againft Learned Whitrift^
That the rvant of the Elderfiips ii the cmfe of all evil^ and that it is not to he fid-
fed that any Commonwealth canfloiirijl} without it 5 but alfo, thdt it is no (maU
fart of the Gofpel, yea^ thefuhjlmci of it. '"' R n
9 And if it proved to be a part of our Saviours Gofpel, what could
the brethren do lefs then pretend fome Miracles for Conffrmation of
the fame ^ and to what Miracles could they pretend with morefliewol'
SaniStity, and manifeftation of the Spirit, then to thccafling oiit of De'-
vi!s ? Camhden informs us in this year, that the credulity of fome Londoh
Mitiifters had been abufed by a young Wench, who was pretended at
at that time to be poftefled of the Devil. ButI rather think that th6
Z,??/i(?/f-Minifters were confederate with this Wench, then abufed by
her •, conlidering the fubfequent pra(5tice in that kind of cafting out De'-
vils by the Vuriiasn Prc;achers, to gain the greater credit to their Caufe \
for in this very year they pradifed the cafting of a Devil out of on^
Mildred, the bale Daughter of Alice Norrington of WeftweU in Kenii
Which for all the godly pretences madeby-Ro^^r Newman, and ^i?5V
Bminfdrdy two of the Minifters of that County, who were parties ro it"-
was'atthelaftconfefTed to bebutafalfe Irapoftor. Dr. Hurfnet, (wHb
afterward dyed Archbifliopofr(W^j informs us alfo in hi$B65'kioa!rift:
Darrein that there were at this time two Wenches in ZoWij^, that is to
fay, Agnes Bridges., and Rachel Pindeo^ who publickly were giVeti out x6
be poffcifed- and it is poflible that one of them may be fhe whomOiw^^
den fpeaks of. Under which head may be alfotanged the difbofeffing
of one Margaret CcOfer at Dkchet in the County of Somikerfet\ aboul
ten years after, 1584. But all inferiour to the Pranks which were
played by Barrel., with whom none of the Puritan Exorcifis' is to hol^
com^ififon-, of which we are tofpeak hereafter in its proper plaq^"^
T he Da-pifts have be^n frequently and juftly blamed for their im'poftur^J
in this' thing, and no terms are.thought vile enough to exprefs thele
fallhoods. But they were only fious frauds in the PreshyterianSy becaufe
<:-onducins to fuch godly and religioiis ends, In the advancing of the
Scepter and Throne of Chrift, by the holy Difcipline. Anditis ftrange
<that noneofall their Zealots have endeavoured to defend them in it,
as w^U nsCartmight labouieth to excufe their unlawful meetings from the
li name
14^
nci^el^ifto?^ of ti^z ^it^\)'itttm^i Lib. \ il
»575.
name of Conventicles •, that being, as he tells us, too light a word to
exprefs the Gravity and Piety of thofe Aflcmblies, in which Sacraments
are Adminiftred, and the Gofpel Preached. If fo, all other Se(5taries
whatfoever may excufethemfelves from the holding of Conventicles,or
being obnoxious to any penal Laws and Sanftions upon that account,
becaufe they hold thei^tJactjSirs and Schlfmatical Meetings for the feli
fame ends. And then the Queen muft be condemned for executing fome
feverity on a Knot «f Anabaptifis, whom llie found holding the like law-
lefs Meetings in the year next following.
lo. For fo it was, that many of thofe Foreiners, which reforted hi-
ther from the Belgick Provinces, and were incorporated into a diftind
Society or Congregation, differing both in Government and Forms of
Worfliip from the Church of England^ did by degrees withdraw them-
felves from her Communion, and held their Conventicles apart from
thereftof that body. Ofthefe, fome openly declared therafelves foe
theSed of the Amhaptfis •, others would needs be Members of the Fa-
mily o^Henrf Nicholas^{who had been once a Member of the Dutch church
nndex^ohrt AUfco) called commonly the J/Jw/Zy of Love -^ of which we
have fpoken in the Hiftory of th- BeLgick troubles, {Lib. 3. Numb. 46. )
And not concent to entertain thofc new Opinions and devices amongft
themfelves, they muft draw in the Englirtr alfo to participate with them;
who having deviatedfrom the paths of the Church, were like enough
to fall into any other, and to purfue thofe crooked way?, in which the
cunnin^Hereticks of thofe times did, and had gone before them. But
fuch a diligent eye was had upon all their pradices, that thty were
crofled in the beginning. For upon £4/?£r-fl'<i^, about nine in the Mor-
ning, wasdifclofed a Conventicle of the(e Jnabaptifis, Dutch-men^ at an
Houfe without the Bars of Aldgate •, whereof twenty feven w^ere taken
jind fent to prilbn, and four of them bearing Fagots at St, Fntds Crofs,
recanted in form following, viz., Whercts /,NN, being [educe dbj thcfpirit
of Error atsd by falfeTe.tchers his Mi^ijiersy h.ive fallen 1 mo many damnable
and detejlable Herefies^ vi z . i . That Chriji took notflejh of the Jtthfiance of the
Slefjed Firgin Mary : 2. That Infants born of faithful Parents ott^ht to be
Rebaptized: 3. That no Chrifiian man ought to he a Magfirate^ or bear the
Smord or office of Authority : 4. And that it is not lawful for a chrifiian znan
to take an oath. Now by the Grace of God^ and through Conference with good
and Learned Miniflers of ChriJi his chutch ^ I do under fi and and acknowledge
the fame to be rnojl damnable and dete^able Herefies , and do r.sk God here be-
fore his church mercy for my fad former Errors, and do for fake them, re-
cant^ and renounce them^ and ab]ure them from the verf bottom of my heart. And
further I confefs, that the whole DoEirine and Religion eflablifhed in this Realm
ef'£.n2.\a.i^d, as alfo that which is received and pra^ifedw the Dutch Church
here in this City, is founds true, and according to the TVcrd of God -. whereunto in
all thirgs ifubmit my f elf andwillmojl glad/y be a Member of the fiid Dutch
church \,from henceforth utterly abandoning and forfaking all and every Ana-
bapriftical Error.
II. This gavea ftop to many of them at thdr firft fetting out. But
' fome there were, who neither would be terrified with the fear of punifh- ,
menc, or edified by the Retradation which thofe four had made •, conti-
if.t nuedintheii former courfcs with great pertinacity ^ infomuch, that on
the
Lib. VII. c^c i^ttto?^ Of tl^e ^jejiilj^tenan^.
H3
di£ 2 1 of A/.7, being tv/jafp/i-Eve, no fev/er then eleven oF that Sect, all
Duich^ (that is to fay, one man and ten Women) were conJeraneu in the
Conliftoiy at Sr. i'^'/A, tob;; burnedin Smithfidd. And though great
pains was taken to ieclaim them from tliofe wicked Errors j yet fuch
was their obftinacy and perverfenefs, that one Woman onely was con-
verted. The reft had fo much fn;rcy ilirwed them, as to be bamflied the-
Rcahn without further punilhm'ent -, which gave the greater reLo'.uci-
on to the reft of their company to be more pradical then before in pro-
moting their Herefies. Which put the State upon a juft necefllty of
proceeding more feverely aga'inil: fomeofthem, then by Bonds and ba-
nifliments: Two of the fame Nation and Opinions bring Ijurnt in S'^ith-
f eld on the fecond of^»/^, where they dyed with great horror, expreft
oy many roarings and cryings, but without any fign or (liew of true re-
pentance. Before the executnig of which fencence ^e^ff Foxibe Eng-
iilh'Martyrologiftaddreft his Letters to the Queen, in whichhefuppli-
cated for the lives of thofe wretched men, and offered many pious and,
prudential reafous for the reverfing of that fentence^ or at theleaft,for
flaying it froni execution. By which he fo prevailed upon her, that ftie
confented to a gracious rparing.of their lives, if on a moneths Reprieve,
and Conference in the mean time with Learned men, they could be gain-
ed unto a retrad'ation of their damnable Herefies. But that expedient
being tryed, and found inefFe(5tual, the forfeiture of their lives was ta-
ken, and the fentence executed. "Nor had the Dutch Church of Nor-
mch any better Fortune, or could pretend to be more free from harbou-
ring fome Phanatical fpirits, then the Dutch Congregation in the Aum-.
jliiie ft jars. From fome of which it maybe probably fuppofed, that
Matthew HinnntjZ^ozT Plow-wright of Featherfet^ within three Miles
of Norwich, took iiis firft imprclTions, which afterwards appeared in
more horrid blaTphemies then any Engliflr ever had been acquainted with ^**"*
in the times preceding. For being fufpeded to hold m-any danger 0U.3
and unfound Opinions,he wasconvented before the Billiop of that City^
at what time it was charged upon him, that he had publickly maintain-
ed thefe H/refies following • that is to fay. That the new Tcjhment cr Go-
ffelxvaibutmecrfooliilmefs^andajloryofmen^orrathera, mere Fable: That
he w.is rejloredtu Grace of the free AJercy of God, mthout the means ofGhrill his
'B loud and Pajjion : That Chrif is not God. or the Saviour of the World., but a
ftnfulman, amcreman, and an abominable idol \ and that all they that wor-
flyphtm are abominable idolaters: ihatChrifl did not rife again from death
to life by the power of bis Godhead, neither that he afcended tnto Hea'ven : That
the Holy chejl is not God, and that there is no fuch thing <ts an Holy Ghofl :
That Bafufmisnot r.iece(JAry in the Church of God, nor the ufe of the Sacra-
ment of tht: Body jnd Blood of Chrifl. For which he was condemned for
an Herciickin the Bilhops Confiftory on the Fourteenth of April ^
and b.ing thereupon delivered to the Sheriff of the City, he was
burntin the Caftle- Ditch on the Twentieth of ii/>9' 1579. Asa prepa-
rative to whicli punidnnent, his ears had been cut off on the Thirteenth
of that Moneth for bafe and flanderous words againft the Queen' add
Council.
1 2. About the fame timethat the Anabaptifis were firft brought to cen-
fure, there fpawneJ another' fry of Heretic ks, who had its firft Original
li 2 amongft
244 '^^^ K^ifto^t of ti)c ^icjJb^tetian0» " Lib. v il.
amongft the Dmch^ and from thence came for BngUnd with the reft
of their brethren. Thefe called themfelves the Familj oflove^ as be-
fore is faid ; and were fo well conceited of their own great holinefs,
that they thought none to be Eleded to Eternal life, but fuch as were
admitted into their Society. The particulars of their Opinions, and
the ftrange manner of Expreffions, have been in{i(t«d on before. Let
it fuffice, that by their feeming Sandity, and other the like deceitfuA
arts of Diflimulation, they had drawn fome of the Englilli to them;
who having broke the bond of peace, could not long keep themfelves
to the Spirit of Unity. Some of them being detected, and convented
for it, were condemned to do Penance at S. P4«/iCrofs-, and thereto
make a Retradation of their former Errors. According to which Sen-
tence five of them are brought thither on theiz oi ^me •, who there
confe.ft themfelves utterly to deteft, as well the Author of that Sedt
H. N. as all his damnable Herefies. Which gentle punifliment did ra^
ther ferve to multiply then decreafe the Seft •, which by the diligence
of theHereticks, and the remifnefs of the new Archbilhop, came to
fuch an height, that courfc was taken at the laft for their apprehenfioDji
and for the fevere punilliing of thofe which were fo apprehended. For
the Queen ferioufly conlidering Iiow much ihe was concerned, both in
honor and fafecy, to preferve Religion from the danger threataed by
fuch defperate Hereticks, publidiedher Proclamation on the ninth of
o£fokr, Jmo I'ySo, for bringing their perfons unto Juftice, and caufing
theit peftilent Pamphlets to be openly burnt. And to that end (he gave,
a ftrid command to all Temporal Judges, and other Minifters of Ju..-
ftice, to be afliftant to the Bifliops and their under- Officers, in the fe-
vere punidiing of thofe Seds and Sectaries, by which the happinefs of
the Church was fo much endangered. By which feverities, and a For-
mal Abjuration prefcribed unto them by the Lords of the Council,thefe.
Seds were fcafonably fuppreired,or had the reafon to conceal themfelve?-.
amotftjft fuch of the Brethren as did continue in their Separation from
the Church o^ England,
12. In the mean time, there happened a great alteration in the ftate
of the Church, by the death ofone, andthe preferment of another, o^i
the greateft Prelates. Archbifhop Parker left this life on the 1 7 of Maj^'
JHno -1575. To whom fucceedei Dr. Edmond Grindal, Tranflated from
the ^ee of Tork unto that of Canterbury^ on the 1 5 of Febmarj. "The fir.ft^
a Ptelate of great parts, and no lefs Eminent for . his zeal, in the Chu^^
chesicaufe^ which prompted him to keep as hard a hand on all Seds and
Se(^ai;ies, and more particularly on thofe of the Gcncv'iahV\vSQ\'K\y a.s
the temper of the times cquld beaj. ButCr/W^/was a mail ofanother^^
fpitit j without much difficulty wrbu^ht upon by fuch as applied them-
felves to him. And having maintained a correfpondcnce when he lived.
in Exile with Crf/ivV, 'Beza^zw^ fome others of the Confiftory ^ he either",
could not (liake off their acquaintance at his coming home„ or was z.C
v^iilin" to continue it as they could defire. Bei.ag advanced unto the Bi-
fhoprick v,^ London, he condefcerids to Cahips motion touching, the fetx,,
ling of a French Church in that City on Gfwm^w Principles •," and re-,
ceivedjhanks from I-tim for the fa.fne,. And, unto whom .but .him muft
^fi.^.make his. Applications, 'w%,^ apy of the1)r€thren w^r^ fufpehded,,-,^
..rr •,-- ' .. ■ "^' - •- . . . ' ' . - , depri^"
lib. VII. 'ci)e i^iftoz^ of tf)t ^mtttztiam, 245
dc prived or fequeftred , for not conforming to the Veftments then by
Law required < Being Tranflated unto York, which was upon the 22 of
M.iy 157O3 he entertains a new Intelligence with Zmchj a Divine of
//f/;^f/^//r^,fomevvhat more moderate then the other 5 but no oood friend
neither to the Church oi EngUnd^ as appears by his interpofin^sin behalf
of the Brethren, when they were under any cenfurefor their inconfor-
micy. To this man Grindal ttndtrs an account of his Preferment both
to Tork and Canterbury: To him he fends Advertifement how thinos
went in Scotland, at his Advancement to the firft ^ andof the prefenc
ftate of aftairsin £r^/j«^, wh?n he came to the other. The like Intel-
lig :nce he maintained with £u///nger., dialler^ and ibme of the chief Di-
vines amonglt the Sivitz,ers •, taking great pride in being courted by the
Leading men oFthofe feveral Churches , though they had all their ehds
upon him for the advancing of Presbytery and Inconformity in the
Church 0^ England.
14. Upon theCe grounds the Presbyterians gave themfelves good Kyd,
hope^pfthe new Archbilhop •, and they foon found how plyant hAvas
like to pr )ve to their exp:*5lation. He entred on this great Charge in
in th.- Monerh oi February 1575 5 at which time the Prelates and Cler-
gy were alTembled in a Convocation • by whom a Book of Articles wai
agreed upoa for the better Reiglementof the Church. In the end where-
of this Article was fuperaJded by their procurement 5 viz.. That the
BiPiops Ihouldtake order^ that it be fublifh:'d and declared in every Parijh Church
wit. in their Diocejfes ^ before the firfi day of May then next folloivi»^ ^ That
Narr:ages mi'r^ht b^folemnizedat all times m the year •, fo that the Banes on their
feveral Sundays or Holidays , in the Service time , ivers openly asked in the
churchy and /lo impediment obje5ied ; and fo that alfo the (aid Marriage be pu-
bUi'ly folemnized in the face of the Church at the aforefaid time of Morninz
Prayer. But when tiie Bo ^k was offered to the Queens perufal, flie dif-
flik jd this Arciclejand would by no means fuffer it to be Printed amoncrft
thereft-, asappears by a Marginal Noteinthe PublickRegifteroftliat 1577,
Convocation. Which though it might fufficiently have difcourac^ed
them from the like Innovations, yft the next year they ventured 0^ a
bufinefsof a higher nature, which was the falfifying and corrupting of
the Common- Prayer-Book. In which, being thenpublifhed hy Richurd
^uzge the Queens Majefties Printer, and publiflied Cum Privile^io Remits.
Mafejlatis , as the Titled intimates; the whole Order of i-'r/':;^/^ ^^a^^?;;^
and Confirmation ofch.ldren was quite omitted. In the firft of which i^
had been Atchi'iti.i .That children bcmg born in Original fm .^ were by the
Laver of Regeneration in Baptifm a fcnbcd unto the number of Gods Children
dndm.ide the Heirs jf Lfe Eternal •, and in the other. That by the Jmpofitiofi'
ef hands and Prayer , they receive fir ength agai>fifin , the World and the Devil.
Wh)i;ch arand omiifions were cefigned fa no other purpofe,b(ic- by decrees
to Wring the Church of Engl.tndinto fome Conformity to the defired Or- '
der'i of Geneva. This I find noted in the Preface of a Book writ b\^,'
WiUa^mi Reynolds , a \?irulent Papift Icon fersbufottfe' that mny be credited'
in a jna-tter of Fa6t,wiiich might fo eafily have beeh refuted bythe Book
itfelf/if hehad any way belved ft. ■•-■' ....;..
.ijoxK'ithing being do e for punilliing of this great abufe,'!?)^^ enter '
'ip9ritart;Uhcr Projecfti Which feemed to teiid dnely to the eticreafV ot
-■-"" Piety
j^<j Clbe i^iftojt tl m ^&;c0b¥terian?. Lib. \ iii
Piety in the PfofelTors of the Gofpel •, but was intended reaHy for the
furtherance of the Holy DifcipUne. The defign wasjthat all the Mini-
fters within fuch a Circuit ihould meet upon a day appointed to exer-
cife their gifts, and expound the Scriptures -, one being chofcn at each
meeting for the Moderator to govern and dircA the Atition •, the man-
ner whereof was this that foUoweth : The Mimficrs of fome certain Fre-
cin^ did meet on feme week-days tnfomefrincifa). Town •, of which Meeting [omi
ancient grave Mtmfter was I'refdent , and an AuiUtory admiitcd of Gentlemen,
and other ferfons of Leifure. There every Mmifier fuccejjivcly {the youngejl
fiiU beginning) did handle one and the fame fiece of Scripture^ fpendi/g [eve rally
Come quarter of an hour andbetter -, but in the whiile,fcme two hours. And (he
Exercife bein^ begun and concluded with pr ayer , the Prejidim gtvmg them an-
other Theme for the next Meeting {which was every Fottnight) the fud Adembly
was di[[olved. The Exercife they called by the name oi Prophecying^
grounded upon thofe words of the Apoftle, i Cor. 14. \^. \iz. Tor ye
may all prophecy one by one., ih,it all may learn, and all be comforted. But fiiid-
int^ that the Text was not able to btar it our, they a ided tliereunn fuch
pious and prudential Realbns , a's the beft Wits amongft thtm cculd de-
vife for the prefent. And though this Projeit was extremely magnified
and doted on with nolefs pafTion by fome Countrey Gentlemen , who
were enamored of the beauty and appearance of it -, yet was it found up-
on a diligent enquiry , that there was fomething elfe intended then their
Edification. For it was eafie to be proved , that unicr colour of thofe
Meetings for Religious Exercifes,the Brethren met together and confult-
ed of the common bufmefs, and furioufly declaimed againft Church and
State.-
.16; Thefe Mec:ings Crindal ^x^ connived at when he fate at Tork,
under pretence of training up a Preaching Miniftry for the Northern
parts. But afterwards he was fo much poflcfled with the phancy of it,
that he drew many of the Biihops in the Province of Canterbury to allow
them alfo. By means whereof, they cameto be fo frequent in moft
parts of the Kingdom , that they began to look with a face of danger,
both on Prince and Prelate. For having once fettled themfelves in thcfe
new Conventions with fome fliew of Authority , the Leading Members
exercifed the Jurifdiftion over all the reft , intrenching thereby on the
■power of their feveral Ordinaries. And they incroached fo far atiaft
on the Queens Prerogative, as to appoint days for folemn Fafts , under
pretence of Sandlifying thofe Religious Exercifes to the good of ^le Na-
tion , as afterwards in their Claflical and Synodical Meetings ,~ which
took growth from hence. Three years thefe Prophefyings had conti-
nued in the Province of Canterbury , before the Queen took notice of
them. But then they were prefented to her with fo ill a complexion,
that Ihe began to ftartle at the firft fight of them, Andhaving feriou*
fly weighed allinconveniences which might thence enfue , flie fends for
Crindal to corns to her •, reproves him for permitting fuch an Innova-
tion to be obtruded on the Church , and gave him charge to fee it fud-
denly fuppreffed. She complained alfo, that the Pulpit was grown too
common, invaded by unlicenfed Preachers , and fuch as Preached fedi-
tion amongft the people-, requiring him to take fome order, that the
Homilies might be read more frequently , and fu;h Sermons Preached
more
157?
Lib. VII. ^fit^mm of tt}t p^e^iittttim^.
3-A'.
more fparingly then of lace they had been. But this was hard -meat,;
not fo eafily chewed •, therefore not like to be digefteJ by fo weak a
f^omach. Inftead df ading any thing in ofder to the Qaeeris commands,
he writes unto her a moft tedeous and voluminous Letter ^ in which he
^x9i ^xdsni'ihet mth a fad remembrance of the Difconrfe which fafl between
them^ andthe great forrorv which he hddconceived on thefenfe thereof. Which
faiii,he falls into a cammcndAtion «f Sermonizing ^ of the great benefit therebi
redoundirg unto all her Subje^s •, the manifold advantages which fuch Preach-
ings had Move the Homihcs j of what necefiary itfe thofe Prophefyin'gs were to-
ward the training np of Preachers. In fine,he alfo lets her know, that by the
(Kamfle of St. hmhro^it^and hii proceedings toward Theodofius and Valenti-
nian , two mofl mighty Emperors , he could not fatisfie his conference in the dis-
charge of the great trufi committed to him^ ifhejhould not admonifh her upon wis
occajion^not to do any thing which might draw down Gods difpleafure upon her and
the Nation , by ft of pmg the free Exercife of Gods true ReHgion^and his fromo-
titig of his Gofpei.
17. Thele Premifes being laid together, he comes at Uft to thiscon-
clufion, aS to afTure her in plain terms , btit with all humility , Tbathe
could not with a fafe Confcience^ and without the offence of the Majefiy of God
give his a(Jent to the fupprejjing ofthefaid Exercifes , much lefs fend out any In-
■jiin^ionfor the utter and untverfalfubverfton of the fanie: that he mitrht faf
teith the Apoftle , Thai he had no power to ieflroy ^ bat onely to edife • that
he could do nothing agamft the truth ^ but font: And therefore fnalli, that. if
it were her Majeflies pleafure , for this or any other caufe to remove him out of
his place , he would with all humility yeild thereunto , and render a^ain unto
het Majefly that which he had received from her. For to what purpofe
as he {aid , (Jwuld he endeavour to retain a B/Jhopnck , or to ^ain the
World., with the lofs and hazard of his Saul ? considering that he which
doth offend againji his Cc/nfcience , doth' hut digg out his own wa-f to Hell.
In which refped he humbly defires her to bear with him, if he ra.
therchufetb offend her Earthly Majefly , then the Heavenly Majefly of Almi^h.
iy God.- Biitnot content with fuch an abfolute refufal , and fettini?
her at fuchadiftance from Almighty God, he takes upon him to ad°
vifeher to difchargeher felf of the concernments of the Church, or not
to manage it at the leaft with fo high a hand as flie had done hitherto,
■fitter it was, as he conceived it , That all Ecclefjfiical matters which con-
cerned Religion^, the Docirinc and Difctpline of the ChHrch\ fhould be referred
unto the Bifhops., and the Divines of this Realm , according tothe example of aS.
Chriflian Emperours , and the Godly Princes of all ages., in the tirnes before her»
And this he further prefTed upon her , by her own Example , in not de-
ciding any queftions about the Laws of the Realm in her Court or Pa-
lace-, but fending them to be determined by her Jtidges in the Courts
Q,{Weftminft r -., and therefore by the felf- fame Reafon , when any que-
ftion did arife about the Difciplineand EK^drine of the Church within
hf r Dominions, the ordinary way muft be to refer the fame to the Deci-
sion of the Bilhops, andother chief Minifters of the Church in Synodi-
rail Meetings, and not to determine of them in the Court by the Lords of
her Council.
1 8. But notwithftanding his refufal to conform to her will and plea- •
fure on the one fide , and this harfh- Counfel on the other, which muft '^
' needs-
548 '^^^ ^i^m of ti^e ^|e0ttteriatt0. Lib. v il.
needs be unwelcome to a Prince that loved and underltood her own Au-
thority fo well as hisMiftrefs did , he might have kept his Bidioprick,
with her Majefties favour , which he appeared fo willing to refign unto
het. He might, I fay, have kept them both , having fo many great
Friends about the Queen , who approved his doiags , if a breach had
not happened about this time betwixt him and lenejhr, the mighty Pa^-
iron and Protestor of the Puritan Incision , occafion d by his denying at
the Earls requeft to alienate his goodly Houfe and Mannor o{ Lanbeth^
that it mif'ht ferve for a retiring place to that mighty Favourite. And
hereunto he did contribute further,as was faid by others, for rcfufingto
■ orant a Difpenfation to marry one which was t oo near of kindred to him,
clearly within the compafs of thofe degrees which feemed to him to be
prohibited by the Word of God. This Leicefier thought he might com-
mand, and was exceedingly vexed not to find obedience, in one who had
been raifed by him,and depended on him. Upon which ground, all palTa-
ges which before were fliut againft his Enemies , were now left free a^d
open for them 5 and the Queens ears are open to their informations, as
the paifa'^es were unto her perfon. By them flie comes to underfland,
■what a negled there was ofthepublick Liturgy in moft parts of the
Kin<»dom3 what mine and decay of Churches , what innovations made
already,and what more projefted -, by which Ihc would be eafed in time
of all cares ofGovernment,and find the fame to bet-tansferr d to the Pu-
ritan Confiitories. She was told alfo of the general difufe of all weekly
Fafts and thofe which annually were required by the Laws of the
Realm- and that inftead thereof, the Brethren had took upon them,
according to the ArrianDo^irm-, to appoint folemn and occafional Fafts
in feveral places , as at Leicefier^ Covemrf, &c. in defiance of the Laws
and her own Prerogative. Touching which laft, ftie gave another hot
Alarm^to Archbifljop Grmddy who in along Letter did txcufe the matter,
as not beinf^ done by his allowance or coiifent-, though it could not be
denved biit that it hiKl been done by his connivance, which came all to
one : fo that the Accufatioa being ftrong , his Defences weak, and no
friend left about the Queen who durft mediate for him (for who durfi:
favour him on whom Leicefierkowatdii) the Archiepifcopal Jurif-
difton was fequeftredfrom him , conferred upon four Suffragans of the
Province oiGamerhuirj, and he himfelf confined to one of his Countrey-
houfes till the Queens further pleafure ihould befignified to him*Which
fequeilration muft needs happen before the beginning of the Convocati-
on which was held this year •, the Prefidency whereof was then devolved
on theBifliopof xWi9»,by reafon of Gr/W^j/^ incapacity to perform that
Service. . : r 1 i ■' ■•■"•■
19: -For onthefixteenthday .{ famnry it pleated theQu^ento call
a Parliament to be h'eldat Wejiminfier^ in which fome things occurred of
great importance in order to the Presbyterian Hiflory which ,we have in
hand. The. Puritans following the ^/-m^Jin that particular,as in many
others, had openly decryed all fet and determinate Fafts; but then afcrib-
ed morewerit unto thofe of their-ownappointing,then any Papifts do to
thofe of the Popes Ordaining. They had alfo much took off the edge
of the people from the Common- Prayer-Bpok, but moil efpecially
from the Litany (none of the meapeft Pieces in it) which till that time
was
Lib. VII. ci^e iptao^p of m w^^mtttmm. 249
wasreadaccuftomablyinthe Houfe of Commons, before the MvOibers
fecled upon any bufinefs. But in the beginning of this Parliament, it
>Vas moved by one Paul }Vcnti.vorth in the Houfe of Commons, that
there might be a Sermon every Morning before chey fate, and that they
would nominate fome day for a folemn Faft. How the firft motion fped,
I have no where found ; but may conclude by the event, that it came
to nothing, becaufe I never heard that any thing was done in purfuance
of it fill the late Long farliament, where the like Toy was taken up
for having Sermons every Morning in the Abbey-Church. But thac
about the Faft being made when more then half the Members, were nor
prefent at it, was carried in the Affirmative by fifteen voices. And there-
upon it was ordered, as the Journal telleth us, That as man-j of the Houfe
oi conveniently could^ fhoidd on the Sundnf fortnight foUowmg a(jcmble and meet
together in the Temple-C hurch, there to have Preaching, and tojoyn together
in Prayer with Humiliation and Fafling for the afjiflance of Gods Spirit mall
their cenfultations during this Parliament, and for thcpefervation of the J^eens
Ma)efiy and her Realms, And though they were lo cautious in the choice
of their Preachers, to refer the naming of them to the Lords of the
Council, which were then Members of the Houfe, in hope to gain them
alfotoavow theadioiM yet neither could thisfatisfic the Queen, or
aflPedt thtir Lordlhips. For fome of them having made the Queen ac-
quainted with their purpofe in it, Ihe fends a Meifage co them by Sir
Chrijlopher HAtton^ who was then Vice-Chamberlain ^ by which he lets
them know, That her Mjjejly did much admire at fo great a rajh/iefs in that
Houfe^ as to put i,i execution fuch an Innovation, without her privity and plea-
furefirfi made known unto them. Which McfTage being i>d delivered, he
moved the Houfe to mak e humble fuhmtjfion to her MA]efly^ acknowledging-
the [aid offence and contempt^ craving thetemiffionof the fame^ with a full pur-'
pofetoforhcar the commuting of the like hereafter. Which morion bein^
hearkned to (as there was good reafon) Mr. Vice-Chambcrlain is deflred
to prefent th Jr fubmiflion to the Qiieen, and obtain her pardon 5 which
he accordingly performed.
20. This praiilice gave the Queen fo fair a Profpedt into the counfels
of the Faftion, that flie perceived it was high time to look about her,
and to provide for the preferving of her power and Prerogative -Royal,
but more for the fecurity of her Realm and Perfon. To which end llie
procured a Statute to be made in that very Parliament, by which it
was Ena(5led, That if any perfon or perfons^ forty days after the end of that
Sefsion^fliould advifedly devife^ or write.,or print, or fet forth any manner of
Book, Rhyme, Ballad, Letter or Writing, containing any falfe, [edition, or jlan-
dero Its matter, to the Defamation of the ^eens Majejly, or to the encouraging^
flir ringer moving of any Infur region or Rebellion aithin thh Realm, or any of
the Dominions to the fame belonging : Or if any perfon after the time aforcfaiil,
as well within the Slueens Dominions, as in any other place without the jame,
fhould procure fuch Book, Rhyme, Ballad, Sec. to be written, primed, ptiblifhed
or fet forth, &c. {the f aid offence net being within the eompafs of Treaf^n by
vertue of an-j former Statute) that then the (aid offenders, upon fufficientproof
thereof by two lawful witnefjes ,jhotdd fuffer death and lofs of goods, as in cafe of
Felony. And that the Qaeen may be as fafe from the Machinati-
ons of the Papifls:, as ill? was fecured by this Aft from the plots of
K k the
25© C]^e!^ifio?tont)e|g>je0tttenan0. Lib. vii
the Puritans, a Law was paft, To make it Treafonfor any Prieft or^e[uit
• tofedttce Any of the ^^ens Sud^Ytis to the Romijh Religion -^ and j or the Sub-
nets tobe reconciled to the Church of Rome. This Ad, intituled. An A£f
for retaining the Queens Sub]e£is tn their due obedience •, the other. For the
ffmiflnng feditiom mrds againfl the ^een^ 23 Eliz. c.1,2. Which Statutes
werecontrivedof purpofe toreftrain the Infolency of both Fadions -,
and by which, many of them were adjudged to death in times enfuing :
Some of them, as in cafe of Treafon ^ and others, as the Authors or the
Publiflicrs of Seditious Pamphlets. Butthelaft Statute being made with
Limitation to the life of the Queen, kexpired with her. And had ir
. been revived (as it never was) by either of the twolaft Kings, it might
poflibly have prevented thofe dreadful mifchiefs which their pofterity
for fo long a time have been involved in.
21. Toc^ether with this Parliament, was held a Convocation, as the-
CuftoiB is. In the beginning whereof, an Inftrument was produced un-
der the Seal of Archbifliop Grindal^ for fubftiruting Dr. ^ohn Elrmre
then Biihop of London (a Prelate of great parts andfpirir, but of a con-
trary humour to the faid Archbifhop) to prefide therein ; jvhich in the
incapacity of the other, he might have challenged as of right belonging
to him. Nothing elfe memorable in this Convocation.but the admitting
of Dr. William Daj then Dean of Windfor, to be Prolocutor of the Cler-
gy-, the pafling of a Bill for the grant of Subfidies -, and a motion made
unto the Prelates, in the name of the Clergy, for putting the late Book
of Articles in execntion. Nothing elfe done within thofe wall?, though
much was agitated and refolved on by thofe of GnW^/y party in their
private Meetings- Some of the hotter heads amongft them had propo-
fed in publick, That the Clergy Jhoiild decline all iufinefs^ even the grant of
Subfidies J till the Jrchbifhof were rejloredto his place and fufrage. But this
could find no entertainment amongrt: wifer mm. Others advifed, Thdi
a Petition fhould be drawn in the name of heth Houjes.by which Her liJajefiy might
l>e moved to that refiitution. And though I find nothing to this purpofe
in the Publick Kegifters (which may fufficiently evince, thatitnevel^
mffed as an Ad of the Convocation) yet I find that fuch a Petition was
agreed upon and drawn into form by Dr. Tobie Matthews then Dean of
cBrifl-Chitrch, and by fome Friends prefented to HerMajefties Gght.Mat-
thews was mafter of an elegant and fluent ftile,and moft pathetically had
bemoaned thofe fad misfortunes which had befallen that Prelate, and
the Church in him, by fuffering under thedifpleafureof a gratious Sove!-
ralcn. The mitigation whereof was the rather hoped for, in regard fie
had offended more out of the tendernefs of his Confclence, then from
the obftinacy of his will. But no fuch anfwcr being given unto this Pecfi
tion, as by his Friends might be expeded, Grindal continued under his
Sufpenfion till the time of his death. Once it was moved, to have a Co-
adiiitor impofcd upon him, who Jlwuld not only cxercife the ^iirifdi£fion, hut re^
ceive all the Rents and profits which belonged to his Bijhoprick. And fo far they
" proceeded in it,that Dr. ^ohn Whitgift (who had been preferred to the See
o^Worc. 1576.) was nominated for the man, as one fufficiently furniihed
with abilities to difcharge the truft. But he moft worthily declined it, &
would not fuffer the poor man to be ftriptof his clothes, thoiigh for the
apparelling of his own body with the greater honor, till death had laid
him in the bed of Eternal reft. 21. But
Lib. viL c]^e ipifto^r of t]^ p^t^f)mvmm.
255
22. But the troubles of this year were not ended thus. For neithei'
thofe good Laws before reme'mbred, nor the Executions done upon
them, coald prevail fo far, as to preferve the Church from fsjljng in-
to thofe diftradions, which both the Papifts and the Presbyterians had
projeded in it. The Jefuits had hitherto been content to be lookers
on, and fuffered theSemina;ry Prieits to try their Fortunes in the re- ■
dudion uTthis Kingdom to the See of Home. But finding how little had fl^^
been done by them in twenty years : fo lictle, that it came almoft to lefs
then nothing, they arerefolved to take the honor to themlelves. To
Vfhkbcnd^Ileywood, Parfofis and CampiM firft fet foot in England^ and
both by fecret praftices and printed Pamphlets, endeavoured to with-
draw the fubjeds from their due obedience. Nothing more ordinary in
their mouths, or upon their Pens, xktwthnthe Crown beiongcd of rjcrht t$
the ^ueen of Scots : Th,it Elizabeth was to be deprived: That if the Pope com.
manded one things and the ^ucenanother-, the Pops commands were to be obey-'
ed^ and not the Queens : And in a word, That all the Sttb]effs were abfohed
from their All^gitince^ and might dsclare ts much tvhen-the'jfuundit nece^ari
Which that it might be done with the greater fafety. Pope Gre'rory the
XII.I is deCntd to make an Explication of the former Bull. By which
it ihould befignified tothe EnglilhCatholicks, that the faid former
Bullof PopePz/^j V Ihuuld remain obligatory unto none but the Here-
ticks only •, but that the Romilh Catholickslhonldnot be bound by it
as the cafe then flood, till they fliould find themfelves in a fit capacity to
put the fame in execution without fear of danger. And prefently upon
their firft entrance, a Book is publiflied by one Hewlett containing many
reafons for deterring the Papifts from joyning in any Adt of Worfliib
with theEnglilh Protellants ^ the going, or not going to Church, bein-T
from henceforth madea iign difiin^i've^ as they commonly phrafed it. In
this year d\(oBeza. publilh.d his Schifmatical Pamphltt, intituled, i>f tri-
plici Epifcop.jtrt ; of which {eelib.i.^num.^']. lib.'^.nitmb /:^o. firft written ait
the requeltof A'«o.v and other of the Presbyterians of the Kirk of Scott.
that they might have the better colour to deftroy Epifcopacy^ tranflatied
aftervvards into Englifh for the felf fame reafon, by Field oi Wandfworth',
Againft this book, Dr. ^vhn Bridges Dean ofSarum writ a largeDifcourfe
intituled, J Defence of the Government c^ablifbed in the Church of England •
not publillied till the year 15 87, when the Authority thereof was mofl
highly flood on. The like done afterward by Dr. Hudrian Savaria : of
which we (liail fpeak mcie in its proper place.
25. And now the waters are fo troubled, that CartWfi^ht ir\i<y\\t pre-
fume of gainful filliing at his coming home. Who havin" fetled the
Presbytery in ^erfeyand Guernfey, firft fends back ^^^/e to^his old Le-
dlure at Northampton^ there to purfue fuch Orders and Diredions as they
had agreed on •, and afterwards put himfelf into the Faftory of Antwerp,
andwas foon chofen for their Preacher. The news whereof brink's
Tr^wr^ to him •, who receives Ordination (if I may fo call it) by the
Presbytery of thatCity,and thereupon is made his Partner in that charge.
It was no hard matter for them to perfwade the Merchants to admit that
Difcipline, which in their turns might make them capable of voting iti
the Publick Confiftory:and they endeavoured it the rather,that by their
help they might effecH: the like in the City of London, whenfoever they
K k 2 fliould
Ci)e l^iftoj^ of t]^e i^jc^t^teriatt^. Lib. v IL
fliould find the times to be ready for them. The like they did alfo in
the Enf^lifli Church at Middlehorough the chief Town in ZcaUnd-^ ia
which many Englifti Merchants had their conftant refidence: To which
two places they drew over many of the Englilh Natic^i, to receive ad-
miflionto the Miniftery in a different Form from that which was allow-.
edinthe Church of £»^//?W. Some of which following the exara-:
pie of C4rf«'r(f^f himfelf, renounced the Orders which they had from
the hands of the BiQiops, and took a new Vocation from thefe Presby-
ters 5 as, Fennor, Arton, &c. and others there admitted to the rank oc
Minifters, which never were ordained in fw^/rfW^ a.s Hart, Gutfm, &i»
not to fay anything of fuch as were elefted to be Elders or Deacons
in thofe Forein Confiftories, that they might ferve the Churches in the
fame capacity at their coming home. And now at lafi: they are for Mng'
Uffd-, where Travers puts himJelf into the feivice of the Lord Treafurer
Burleigh^ by whofe Recommendation he is chofen Ledurer cf the Temple
Churchy which gave him opportunity for managing all affairs which
concerned the Difcipline with the Londm Minifters. Cartwnght applies
himfelf to the Earl oiLeiceJier^ by whom he is fent down to IVarwick.zvd
afterwards made Mafter of an Hofpital of his Foundation. In the
chief Church of which Town, he was pleafed to preach, as often as he
could difpence with his other bufinefs. At his admilfion to which
place, he faithfully promifed, if he might be but tolerated to Preach,
not toimpugne the Laws, Orders, Policy-, Gnvernment, nor Governours
in this Church &i England; but to perfwade and procure, fo much as he
could, both publickly and privately, the eftimationand peace of this
Church.
24. But fcarce was he fetled in the place, when he made it manifeft
by all his adlions, how little care he took of his words and promifes: foe
fo it was, when any Minifter, either in private Conferences, or by way
of Letters,required his advice in any thing which concerned the Church,
he plainly thewed his miflike of the Eccleliaftical Government then by
Law Eftabliflied, and. excepted againft divers parts of the Publick Li-
turgie ; according to the Tenour of the two Admomtions^ by him for-
merly publiflicd. By means whereof, he prevailed with many, who had
before obferved the Orders of the Common-prayer-book, now plain-
ly to ne" led the fame 5 andto oppofe themfelves againft the Guvern-
irient of Bilhops, as far as they might do it fafely, in relation to the pre-
fent times. And that he might not prefs thofe points to others.^ which
he durft not pradice in himfelf, he many times inveighed againft them
in his Prayers and Sermons: The like he alfo did againft many pafTa-
oes in the Publick Liturgie, as namely. The ufe of the Surplice -, tk inteno-
gAtories to God-fathers in the name of Infants •, the Crofs in Baptifm ; the Ring
in Marriage ', the Thank fgiving after child-birth •, Burials hy Mimflers •, the
kneeling at Communions 5 feme points of the Litany •, certain ColleBs and
Frayers i, the reading of Portions of Scripture for the Epiftle and Cofpel-, and
the manner of finding in Cathedral churches. And for example unto others,
he procured his Wife not to give thanks for her Delivery from the pe-
ril of Childbirth, after fuch Form, and in fuch place and manner as the
Church required. Which as it drew on many other women r t the like
contempt, fo might he have prevailed upon many more, if he had not
o.nc£
Lib. VII. '^\)t "^ifio^t of tl^e mt^^tzmm-
*fi
once difcourfed upon matters of Childbirth with fuch indifcretion that ~
fome of the good Wives of Warwick were almoit at the point toftong
him as he walked the ftreecs* Bat that he might not feem to poll <iown
more with one hand, thenhe would be thought fufficientlyable t^bu^ad
up with both •, he highly nxagnified in foiae of his Sermons the GoVelfi-
ment of the Church by Elderflups in each Congregation , and by mdre
Publick Conferences in Clascal ind ^pW/cW Meetings 5 which fi^doji-
ftiended for the onely lawful Church-Government , as being of DiVkid
Inftiturlon, and ordained by Chrift. A Form whereof he had drawA u|i
in a little Book: Which having pift the approbation of fome private
Friends , was afterwards recommended to the ufe of the reft of the Bt^.
thren, affembled together by his means for fuch ends and purpofes , by
whofn it was allowed of as moft fie to be put in pracSice. For be/ngi
new nothing, and of Carwrigkts doing, it could not but find raafty be-
fides wonnen and children taadmire the Workmanfliip.
2 5 . This was the fum of Cartmights Adtings in order to the Innova- eft
tidns, both in Government , and Forms of Worfhip , which heretofore
he had projeded. Not that all this was done at once, or in the firft
year only after his return ^ but by degrees , as opportunity was ofJFered
to him. Yet 'io far he prevailed in the firft year only, that a meeting of
fixty Minifters out of the Counties o(£/cx, Ca)nhridg6,znd Norfolk wdS
held at a Village called Corkvil, where KMwfiubs (who was one of their
number) had the cure of the Souls. Which Meeting was held ji/^yg:
v<«w i582,thereto confer about fome pafsagesinthe Common- PrayeK
Book , what might be tolerated in the fame , and wf>at refufed- ai
namely. Apparel, Matter, Form, Holy days. Fa (tings, InjundionsW
The like Meeting held at the Commencement in Cambridge then next en-
fuin^. And what they did refolve in both, maybe gathered partly
from a paffage in the Preface to a Book publiflied in the year next fal-
lowing by WillLim Reynods before mqitioned. In which he tells us, Tha
it had been appointed by thefirfi Book of Cmmon-Frajer^ That the Minlfter in
the time of his Mmijlratto^jboitldufefuch Ornament tn the Church , as were in
ufe bf Authority ef I'arliamcm in the fecondyear of the Reign of King Edw^afd
the Sixth. And then {izxthht) I appealte the knowledge of every man hii0
mRthat Aci of Parltamnt is ebferved throughout the Realm • in hpt»r^an-i
Cathedrals or Parijh churches thofe Ornaments are referiied: Whether everj
private Minifwr, by his otvn.^uthoruy, i» the time of his Mmiftration, dtfdain
not fuch ormments , ufmg only fuch Apparel as is rnojl -vulgar and prophane •
to omit other particular differences^ of Fafts, of Holy- days , Cr offing m Baptifnty
the vifttation of the Sick, &c. In which their alterations are well known faith
he, by their dally praefxe , and by the difference betwixt fome Common- Prayer-
Books which were Ufi Printed {as namely ?^<»? e/ Richard Jugg before rement-
bred) from thofe which were firfi publijhed by Supreme Authority. In all which'
deviations from the Rule of the Church, the Brethren walked on more
fecurely, becaufe the State was wholly exercifedat this time in execu^
ting the feverity of the late Statute on fuch Priefts and Jefuitsfe labou- '^^—
red to pervert the Subjeds and deftroy the Queen,thereby to re-advance*
the Pope to his former Tyranny. In which refped it was conceived rdr
be a good Rule in the School of Policy, to grant a little more liberty to' -.'^
the ^
*S4
10'
C^e l^ifto?^ oi tfte ^n^tttmm^ Lib. viL ,
the SuntAn Fadkion v though poflibly it were done on uoocher fcore,
lh«ii,that of theicnororious enmity to the Popith parry. :
1 v,*.^. About'thia time it alfo was,' that by the pradrices of C^r/irr/^k
^rvd: his adherents, their Followers began to be diftinguilhtd by their
n^WQS and titles, from the reitof the people. Firft, in relation to their
Tjititqs* Thus thofe of his Fadion rauft be called the Godlj^ the EleU^ the
Ri^hemsT, all-others being looked upon as camd Gofpellers^ tk Frophane,
t-kejfddied, Andiiiext, in reference to their names. Their children
muft.not be Ba'ptized by the names of their Anceftorsjas Riclurd.Rcbert,
and the like;; but by fome name occurring in the Holy Scriptures, but
more particularly in the Old Teftament, becaufe meerly Hebrew, and not
prophaned with any mixture of the Creek or Roman : concerning which
there goes ji ftory., that an Inhabitant of Northampton , called Hed^king^
fo»i having Achild to be Baptized , repaired to 5;24^(?, before mentioned,
to doit for him ^. and he confented to the motion,but with promile that
he-fliould give it fome name allowed in Scripture. The holy acTtion be-
ing fo far forwards , that they were come to the naming of th- Infant,-
they named -:it pckard^ which was the name of his Grand-father by the
Mothers fide;. . Upon this a ftop was made , nor would he be perfwaded
to Baptize the child, unlefs the name of it were altered. Which when
theOod-father t^fufed to do , the child was carried bach Unchriftened.
It was agreed by him and Cartrvnght^ in the Book of Difcipline which
they impofed upon the Iflands , That the Mimfter in E'lftiung Children
Jhould not admit ofanyfiich names as had been ufed in the time of Paganifm the
ttdmesofldelsi and the like. Which Rule though calculated like a com-
mon Almanack, for the Meridian of thofe Iflands only, was afterwards
tobeobferved on the like occafions , in all the Churches of Great i/ri-
taiti. Such was their humour at that time: but they felllhortly after
on another Fancy. For taking it for granted, becaufe they thought fo,
-that the Englilli Tongue might be as proper and fignificant as the Holy
Hebreyv^ they gave fuch names unto their children , as many of them
when they came to age were alliamed to own. Out of which Forge
came their Jccepted, Jfhes, Confolation, DuftyDeliverance^ Bifciplme^ Earthy
Er'emft -i Fight the good fight of Faith ^ From above ^ J-o-j again^ Kill-fm^
More Fruity More Tryal^ Praifr^Cod, Reformation^ Tribunal ^ The Lord ii
mr-, T/'/i»/^/«/, w.ith many others of like nature, which only ferved to
make the ^'crament of Baptifm as contemptible, as they had made
themfelves ridiculous by thefc new inventions.
...;,27. Some'ftop they had in their proceedings, which might have ter-
rified them atthe prefent from adventuring further , but that they were
refolyed to breakthrough all difficulties, and try the patience of the
State to the Very utmoft. The Queen had entertained a treaty of Mar-
riage, Anno 1581, withJritwwDukeof y^»;c»,theyoungeftSonof //"w-
nithe Second, and the only furviving brother of Henry the Third , then
Reigning in J'y-JWf. For the negotiating whereof, Morfieur Simkr^s.
moft compleat Courtier,was fent Embaflador from that King. By whom
Uie bufinefs was follicited with fuch dexterity , that the Match was ge-
nerally conceived to be fully made. 'The Puritans hereupon begin to
clamourjas if this Match did-aim at nothing but the reduction of Popery,
Lib. VII. Clje i^iftoj^ Of tl^e |^?e0l)^ter<an?{. ajj
and the deflrudion of Religion here by Law eftablifhed. But fearing
more the total ruine of their hopes and projeds , then any other dano^er
which could happen by it. The Queen took care to tye the Duke°to
fiach coudicions , that he could hardly be permitted to hear Mafs in his
private Clofet -, and had caufed Campm to be executed at his' bcin*
here , to let him fee how little favour was to be expeded by him for the
Catholick party. Yet all this would not fatisfie the zealous Brethren,
who were refolved to free themfelves from their own fears , by what
means foever. Firft, therefore it was fo contrived , that as Simere paf-
fed between Greenwich znA London, before the coming of the Duke,a fhoc
was made at him from a Ship, with which one of the Watermen was
killed , but the Embaflfador therewith more amazed then hurt. The
Gunner afterwards was pardoned , by the great power of the Earl of
Leicefier had in Court •, it being pretended , that the Piece was difchar-
ged upon meer accident, and not upon malice ordefign. After thisj-
follows a feditious Pamphlet, writ by one Stubs oi Lincolns-lnr^-who had
married one of the S\^tts oi Thomas Car twright -^ and therefore maybe
thought to have done nothing in it without fiis privity. This Book he V'--^^- ^ /^'-ft-^
led. The Gaping Gulf; in which England W3.S to have been fwallowed,.
the wealth thereof confumed, and the Gofpel irrecoverably drown'd 5
writ with great bitternefs of fpirit and reproachful language, to the dif-
grace of the French Nation, the diftionorof the Dukes ownperfon 5 and
irot without fome vile refledions on the Queen her felf, asiflhehada
purpofe to betray her Kingdom to the power of Strangers.
28. For publi(hing this Book , no fuch excufe could be pretended, as
was infifted on in defence of the former (hot ^ nor could the Queen do
lefs in juftice to her ftlf and her Government , as the caufe then flood,
then to call the Authors and the Publifhers of it to a ftrid account. To
which end' the laid Stubs, together with Hugh Singleton Sind WiUiam Page,
were on the ij day of O^okr arraigned at Wefiminfter, for Writinf^, Prin-
ting and difperfing that Seditious Pamphlet 5 and were all then an°d there
condemned to lofe their right hands for the faid offence. Which Sen-
tence was executed on the third of November upon Stubs and Page, as the
chief offenders •, but Singleton was pardoned as an AccelTary , and none
of the Principals In the crime. Which execution gave great grief to
tht Djfcipltnaria/is •, becaufe they faw by that Experiment, that there
was no dallying with the Queen, when either the honour of her Govern-
ment, or the peace of her Dominions feemed to be concerned. And they
were moft afflided at it in regard o^Cartivright,vihok inability to preferve
fonear a friend from the feverity and fliame of fo great a punifliment,
was looked on a ftrong prefumption that he could be as little able to fave
hirhfelf , whenfoever it was thought expedient upon reafon of State'tO
proceed againft him. But now they are engaged in the fame bottom
with him, they were refolved to fteer their courfe by no other Compafs,
then that which this grand Pilot had provided for them. Not terrified
from fo doing, by the open Schifm which was the next year made by one
Robert Brervn^ once a Difciple of their own, and one who built his Schifm
upon Cartwrights Vnnci^X^s ; nor by the hanging of thofe men who had ^
difperfed his Faftious and Schifmatical Pamphlets. For the better dear^
ing r
\^^ ^t^m^n oC t^e i^^e^b^tertan?. Lib. v ii;
ins of which matter,we muft fetch the ftory of this ^rcjv« a little higher^
and carry it a little lower then this prefent year.
29. This Robert Brexvn was born at Tokthorp in the County oi Rutland-,
the Grand- child of Francis Brown Efquire , priviledged in the 1 8 year of
Kin'' Henry VIII, td wear his Cap in the prefence of the King himfelf,
or any other Lords Spiritual or Temporal in the Land •, and not to put it
off at any time , but onely for his own eafe and pkafure. He was bred
fometimes in Corpus chnfti Colledge (commonly called Bennet Colledge)
in the Univeriity o^ Cambridge. Where, though he was not known to
take any degree, yet he would many times venture into the Pulpit. It
was obferved, that in his Preaching he was very vehement ^ which
Cartmights Followers imputed onely to his zeal , as being one of their ,
own number. But other men fufpeded him to have worfe ends in it.
Amonoft many , whom rather curiofity then Devotion had brought to
hear him, Dr. ^ohn Still (though poflibly not then a Dodor) hapned to
be one. Who being afterwards Mafter of Trinity Colledge, and final-
ly Lord Bifhop oiBath and f^ellsi was ufed to fay. That he difcerned fome-
thing extraordinary tn him at the very firfi, which he pefaged would pcve a di-
fiurbance to the church, if it were not feajonably prevented. Being well verft
and converfant in Ctrtmights Books, and other the like Pamphlets of
that time, he became more and more eftranged from the Church of
England: Whofe Government he found to be defamed for Anti-chri-
ftian •, her Sacraments affirmed to be defiled with Superftition •, her Li-
turoy reproached for Popifh 5 andinfomepart Heathenidi •, and finally,
her\)rdinationstobe made no better then thofeof^gW; Priefls amongft
the Jews. Not able to abide longer in a Church fo impure and filthy,
he puts himfelf over into Zealaad , and joyns with Cartwrights new
Church in the City of Middkborough. But finding there fome few re-
mainders of the old impiety , he refolves to conftitute a new Church of
his own Projedmenr,which fliould have nothing in it but what was moft
pure and Holy. The Draught whereof , he comprehended in a Book
which he Printed at Middlehorough^Anno 1582, intituled, A Treatise of Re-
formation : and having fent as many of them into England zs might ferve
his turn, he followed after in purfuit of his new Plantation.
jrgj. ^o. The D«/f/5r had then a Church at iV«?/»w^, as before was faid,more
numerous then any other Church or Congregation within the Precindls
of that City. Many of which enclining of themfelves to the Anabaptifls,
were apt enough to entertain any new Opinions which he'd Conformity
with thatSe(a:. Amongll them he begins, and firft begins with fuch
amongft them as were moft likely to be ruled and governed by him •, he
beino of an imperious nature , and much offended with the leaft diffent
or contradidion,when he had uttered any Paradox in his difcourfes. Ha-
ving gotten into fome Authority amongft the Dutch, whofe Language
he had learned when he lived in Middleborough , and grown into a great
opinion for his Zealand San(5lity, he began topraftife with the Englifh?
ufino therein the fervice and afliftance of one Richard Harrifon , a Coun-
try School-mafter, whofe ignorance made him apt enough to be feduced
by fo weak a Prophet. Of each Nation he began to gather Churches
to himfelf , of the laft efpecially •, inculcating nothing more to his fim-
ple Auditors , then that the Church of Englandhzd fo much of Monney
that
Lib: vir c^e l^ifto^r of tl)e ^ti^htuviim.
2%-
that there was no place left for Chrifl , or his Holy Gofpel, Buj rhbre
particularly he inveighed.againft the Governmei,c' of the Bi(h ->ps, the
Ordination i-.'fMinifteis, theOiiices, Kites and Ceremonies of the pub-
lick Liturgy, according as it had been taught out oicartrvrtghts Books t
defcending'^firft to this Pofition , Tht the Church of Enghad was no trite
and lawful church. And afterwards to this conclufion, That all true chn-
jlktts were obliged to come out </ Babylon , to fepjrate themfehes from thofe
imfureand mixt J[Jemhlies , m which there was fo little ofChr,flsinfiautien 5,
and finaUj, that they jhould joy » themfclves to him and his D/fc/ples ^ amongk
whom there was not hi '^g to be found which favoured not directly of the Spirit of
God; nothing ef thofe impurities drj prophanations of the Church of EneX^wA.
Hereupon followed a defe(5fion from the Church it felf •, not as before
amongft the Presbyterians , from fome Offices in it. Browns Followers
(which from him took the name of Drowmfis) refufing obllinately to joyn
wit^any Congregation, with the reft of the people, for hearing the Word
preached, the Sacraments aiminiftred, and any public k adt ofReJioi-
ous Worlliip. This was the firft gathering of C hnrches which I fincfin
England-^zni for the juiiifying hereof,he caufed his Books to be difperfed
in raoft parts of the Realm. Which tending as apparently to Sedition,
brought both the difptrfers of them within the compafs of the Statute 23
jE/;'.c.2 .Of which we are informed by Stow^ihdiX. Eluts Thasker was handed
at Bury on thj 4 o^June 5 and ^ohn Copping^on the 6 of the fame month,
for fpreading certam books , feditioufly penned by Bobert Brown aoainft
the Bookof Common-prayer eftablilhed by the Laws of this Realm- as
itany of their Books as could be found, bring burnt before them.
31. As for the Writer of the BookSj and the firft Author of Schifm
he was tiiore favourably dealt with then theie wretched inftruments
and many other of his Followers in the times fucceeding. Beinfy con-
vented before Dr. Edmond Freaky then Biftiop of Norwich^ and others of
the Qnevos CommifTioners in conjunftion wii|h him •, he was by them
upon his r.-fradory carriage committed to tlife cuftody of the Sheriff of
Norwich. But bei.iga near kinfmanby his Mother to the Lord Treafurer
Burleigh^ he was at his requeft releafed fromhis imprifonment,and fent to
i.i7.v^(?«,where fome courfe was taken to reclaim him^if it might be pofli-
ble,totally, or in part at leaft,as God pleafed to blcfs it. Whitgift by this
rime had attained to the See o{ Canterbury ^ a man of excellent patience
and dexterity in dealing with fuch men as were fo affeded. By whofe
fair ufage,powerful reafon,and exemplary piety,he was prevailed upon fo
far , as to be brought unto a tolerable compliance with the Church of
England. In which good humour he was favourably difmift by the Arch-
biniDp,and by the Lord Treafurer Burleigh.,to the care of his father^tothe
end that being under his eye, & dealt with in a kind and temperate man-
ner,he might in time be we'll recovered, and finally withdrawn from all
the Reliquesof his fond opinions. Which letters of bis bear date on the
8 of 0^. 585.Btit long he had not ftaid in his fathers houfe,when he rf-
lurned unta his vomit, znl proving utterly incorrigible,wasdifmift a^ain ;
the good old Gentleman being refolved, that he would not own him for a
Son, who would not own the Church of £»^/4;7^ for his Mother. But at
the laft, though not till he had paffed through 32. prifons, as he ufedto
bras, by the perfwafions of fome friends,and his own neceffitiesCthe more
L 1 powerful
2 5 8 C^e l^tfto^^ of tt)e |^jE0l)^tet(an0. Lib. v ii.
powerful Orators-the two) he was prevailed with to accept of a place
called A church in Northamptonfhire :, beneficed with cure of Souls-, to
'which he was prefented by Thomas Lord Burleigh, after Earl. of £xo^, and
thereunto adniittedby theBifhopof Feterborough , upon hispromife not
to make any more difturbanccs in the proceedings of the Church: A
Benefice of good value, which might ttmpt him to it, the rather, in re-
gard that he was excufed as well from Preaching, and from performing
any other part of the publick Miniftry •, which Offices he difcharged by
anhoneft Curate , and allowed him fuch a competent maintainance for
It, as gave content unto the Bifliop, who had named the man. And on
this Benefice he lived to a very great age, not dying till the year 1 630 •
and then dying in Northampton Gaol, not on the old account of his incon-
formity, but for breach of the Peace. A mod unhappy man to the
Church oi England-, in being the Author of a Schifm which he could not
clofe •, and moft unfortunate to many of his Friends and Followers,who
faffered death for (landing unto thofe conclufions , from which he had
withdrawn himfelf divers years before.
32. But it is time that we go back again to Cartwright , upon whofe
principles and pofitions he firft raifed this Schifm. Which falling out fo
foon upon the Execution which was done on Stubs , could not but put a
great rebuke upon his fpirit ; and might perhaps have tended more to
hisdifcouragcment , had not his forrows been allayed an i fweetned by a
C jrdial which was fent from Beza., fufficient to revive a half dying bro-
ther. Concerning which there is no more to be premifed , but that
Geneva had of late been much wafted by a grievous peflilence , and was
fomewhat diflreffed at this time by theDuke of-S'/i-veji. Their peace
■'not to be otherwife procured, but by paying a good Lum of money , and
money not to b.^ obtained but by help of their Friend--. On this ac-
count he writes to fraverS:, being then Domeflick Chaplain to the Lord
Treafurcr Burleigh • but fo, that Cartwright was to be acquainted with
the Tenour of'it •, that by the good which the ^me might do upon the
Queen by the means of his Patron, and the great influence which the
other had on all hi§ party , the contribution might amount to the
hioher pitch. Bnt as for fo much of the laid letter as concerns our
bufinefs, it is this that foUowcth •, -viz. if m cften^ dear Brother^ as I have
rememhrcd thee and our Cartwright , fo oftenl jlould have written unto thee^
you had been long fince overwhelmed with mj Letters •, no one day p.ij/tng,
wherein I do not onely think of you and your matters ^ which not only our ancient
Friendjlhp , hut the greatnefs of thofe affairs wherein you take pains , feems to
require at my hands. But in regard that you were fallen into fuch tiipes^
wherein myfilence might be faf rfar then my writings I have^ though mofl un-
willinTly-, been hitherto filent. Since which timc^ uriderflanding that by Gods
Grace the heats offome men are ubuted , / could not fuffer t'ns wy Friend to come
unto you without particular Letters from me , that I may tejlip my felf to be
the fame unto you as I have been formerly ; as alfo^ that at his return I may be
certified of the true fiate of your affairs. After which Preamble, he ac-
quaints him with the true caufe of his writing , the greac extremities to
which that City was reduced , andthevafl debts in which they were
plunged •, whereby their necefTuies were grown fo grievous, that except
they were relieved from other parts, they could not be able to fupport
them ••
Lib. VII. c]^e i^iaojr of t\)t ^m^vtnmm.
259
them : And then he adds, ihfeed tbfi,)my iiear Bmkr.y ml oytljto<7oirt
in health mth thy daily Prayers ^ bat thatifyau have anypmr to prevaiimfh
fdm per[orjs , Ikw m by what honefi means y9ii,can^.U^\mnch you love m m
the Lord. Finally, having certified him of other Lectors which he had
writ to certain Noblemen, andto all the Biihops, /or their afliftance
rnthatcafe^ notwichQucfome complaints of. a diirefpedwhichhiehad
i^ound tofome of his late Addreffes , be. concl^desiD.chus •, ii;^.^ -ip^jcfmi
wy dear Brother ; the Lgrd^effts every daimrey^n^^nms H^fsAhei j A$d a^
that earncflly dcfire his glory. .-r.^ vy-'-V, .../\ ; -..CT -' ■ ■• '■
;.::3.3. This Letter dared in the beginning oLoaober, 1582. came^yery
feafonably both to comfort Cartwright , wto cpuld notbut be m\\ch, af-
ifliaed with his late misfortunes, and encouraged him, to proceed in pur-
fuit of thatbuiincfs in which they had took fuch pains. This was enough
to make them haften in the work, whowanted no fuch Spars to fee
them forward?. Till this time they had no particular Form , either of
Difcipline or Worihip , which generally was allowed of for the ufe of
their Church.-s^ But every man gathered fome direftionsoutofCd^f-
mights Books,as feemed moft proper for that purpofe.But Cmwright ha-
ving now drawn up his form of Difcipline , mentioned before amonc^ft
the reft of his practices, 155^0, that Book of his was locked on as tlie
only Rule, by which they were to regulate their Churches in all publick
duties. But in regard of the great icandal given by 5mp;z,the executi-
on done at Bury upon Thacker and Copping , and the feverity of the Laws
ia:hat behalf ^ it was thought fit to look before them, and fo to carry
onthebufinefs as to make no rupture in the Church, and to create no
•eminent danger to themfelves. In reference to which end?., rhey held a
General AiTrmbly, wherein they agreed upon fome order for puttint^
the faid Difcipline in execution, but with as little violation of the peace
of the Church as they could pofTibly devife: And therefore that they
might proceed with the greater fafety, it was advifed and refolved on,
I . ThAt fuch as are called unto the Minijtery of any Church, jhouldhefirft appro-
ved by I he Ciifis , or [ome greater Jffembly , and then commended to the Bijhop
by their [fecial Letters , to receive their Ordination at his hands ^ 2. That
iho[e Ceremonies m the Book of Common- Prayer which feemed to have been ufed
in the times of Fopcry ■> rvere totally to be omitted, if it might be done without
being deprived of their Mimftery 5 or otherwife the matter to be left to the confi-
deration of the Ckjjis, or ofher greater Afembly, that by the judgement there-
of it might he determined what was moffttingtobe done. 3, LhatifSub-
fcripticnto the Articles of Religion and the Baok of Common- Prayer \huldbe
urged again, that they might he thcnfuhfcribed unto , according to the Statute of
13 Elizabeth, that is to fay, tofuchofthem only as contain the fum ofchriflian
Faith , and the Do^rine of the Sacraments. But 4. That for many weighty
caufes, neither the reftof the faid 'Articles, nor the Book of Common- Prayer were
to befuhfcribed -, no, though a manfhould be deprived of his Minjfiery upon fuch
refufal.
:j4. A Confultaticn was held alfointhe faid Affembly, That with-
out changing of the names , or any fenfible alteration in the flate of the Church
the church Wardens and Collec7ors of every Par.fl) might ferve m the place of
Elders and Deacons-, and to that end, that not ce might be given of their ele^ion,
ah -it the fp. ICC ef fifteen days before the times appointed for it by the law ef
LI 2 the
26 o ^ Cl^l^tfto^^ortiie^jeisij^terian^. nb. vii
tk Land: Te the intent that the church might jofn m Pr^jirtg God to be fr
difcifed , Ay' to make choice of ft mfftofupfly thofe Mi»ijfenes. It was ad-
vifedal'fo. That hef ore the ordinary ime$ of the [aid Ele^ions.,.ti}£ ordi-
nance of Chrifljhouldhe phlickly imimatcd to the Congregation , concerning
the aff ointment of Watchmen and Overfeers m the Church t, n. being their
duty to forefee that no offence er fcandd arife in the Church -^ and that if
anyfuch offence or jcandal jhould hapften , it might he feafonably remedied and
abolijhedly thmi oi alfo that the names of the parties chtfen be pitbLfled on
the next Lords Day •, their duties toward the Church , and t he f aid Churches du^
■ ty toward them, being then declared ; and then the fiid officers to be admitted
to their fever d Minifleries , mth 4he general Prayers of the whole church.
Orders were alfo made far a divilion of the Churches into Claflical
and Synodical Meetuigs , according to the tenor of the Book of Difci-
pline J for keeping a Regiftry of the Ads of theClaflxs and Synods;
for dealing with Patrons to prefent fit men, when any Church fell void
belonging to their Preientations 5 for making CoUecaions at the Gene-
ral Aflfvmblies (which were then held for the moft part at the Ad in
Oxort , or the Commencement in Cambridge) towards the relief of the
poor, but mofteipecially of thofe who had been deprived of their Bene-
fices for their not fubfcribing -, as alfo of fuch Minifters of the Kirk of
Scotland 5 as for their fadioufnefs and difobedience had been forced to
abandon that Kingdom : and finallyjfor nominating fome fet time at the
end of each Provincial Synod , in which the faid Provincial Synod was
to fit again ^ as alfo for the fending of fit men to the General Synods,
which were to be held either in times of Parliament , or ac fuch other
times as feemed moft convenient.
35. By thefe difguifings it was thought that they might breed up
their Presbytery under the Wing of Epifcopacy, till they Ihould find it
ftrong enough to fubfift of it felf, and bid defiance to that power which
had given it flielter. It was refolved alfo , that inftead of Prophefying,
which now began to be fuppreft in every place , Ledures fliould be fet
up in fome chief Towns in every Ceunty : to which the Minifters and
Lay-brethren might refort fecurely , and thereby profecute their de-
fign with the like indempnity. But no difguife could fit them in their
alterations of the Forms of Worfliip j of which nothing was to be re-
tained by Cartwrights Rules , but that which held conformity with- the
Church of Geneva. According to the Rules whereof, the Minifter had
no more to do on the days of Worftiip, but to Preach his Sermon , with
a long Prayer before it, and another after it , of his own devifing 5 the
people being entertained both before and after with a Pfilfn in Meter,ac-
cording to fuch Tune or Tunes as the Clerk (hould bid. For having
diftributed the whole Worlhip of God into theie three parts ; that is to
fay, Prayers,Praifes,and Prophefyings ^ the finging of the pfalms (which
they conceived to be the onely way of giving praife) became in fine, as
neceflary as the Prayers or Preachings. Their other aberrations from
the publick Liturgy in Sacraments and Sacramentals, may bcft be found
in Cartwrights pradice^as before laid down 5 it being not to be fuppofed
that he would pradife one thing and prefcribe another , or that his own
pradicemightnotbeafufficent Canon,todiredall the Churches of this
Platform. Bur thefe alterations being fo grofs,that no Cloak conld cover
them ;
tlietft 5 another fc'xp'edientv^alHHifedlfdniewhat more , c!i|irgeabie then
tHe Otfter, but of greater fafecy. iFbr neither daring to rejeift the pqi).
lic'k titiir^y, and being refoWeel noVtoconTprni-themfelye? ^ato itj thqy
fell U{|on a courfe of hiring forhV £ay- brother, (4s ^^^-ii^f^^ital^nac Sol'
diGT-6f£ar,ivick) or poffibly foirie ignorant Cqrate, CO irea,J the Praye/s
to fuch as had a mind to heai: fhem ; neitfiej i/)j£^mCelves, i^qr coheir . jbifci-
ples comirlg into the Ghurch, till the finding of the i'J^lm before the
Sernion. Concerning which, one of thebrethren writes to' lifUyU) ('•JEgofi.g,,
Titat hifuifig nothing tc do mth.the frejcnhyi form of Commonrfrayer , he f^J"'''"'/"
freachedCvery Lords dA^ in hk Congregation-^ and thathedtdfolythecdun' 'utmgt'^^"
ft of the Revere /:d Brethren j hy whom (fuch was Gods goodnefs to him) he ^'"'*"''' "'^''^
hitdhUniately caHcdtokone ef the Glajsis^ which once a week was held w'mmH,Tc^
jfomep^ace er other. tHCondonm
36. In this condition flood the Affairs, when the Reverend W&/W^ d^adS^.
came :o the See of Canterbury, A man that had appeared fo ftoutly in
the Churches quarrels, that there could b|\'po fear of his GrindaUizing,
by winking at the plots and practices of cne PHritan FaHion. So highly
valued by the Queen, that when flie firft preferred him to the See of
VFsrcefter, J»w 1 5 76, fhe gave him the difpofing of all the Prebendaries
of that Church, to the end he might be ferved withthcableftandmoft
Learned men. Nor was he lefs efteemed for his civil prudence, which
ftioved Sir//e->/r;/5zW«fytofele<ahim before all others to be his Vice-
Prefidenc in Wales, at fuch time as he was to go Lord-Deputy for the
Reaim of Ireland: Upon this man the Queen had always kept her eye
fmceCrindd fell iato disfavour, and willingly would have made him
hisCo%adjutor, if he could have been perfvvaded to accept the offer.
Which moderation altered nothing of the Queens min4 toward him
who was (b conftant in her choice and dcfignations of fit men to ferve
her^ that upon Grindals death, which happened on the e o^ittdy 1583,
ihe preferred Whttgift to the place. To which he was a(aually rranfla-
ted before Michaelmas following, that he might have the benefit of the
half-years rent. Which as it was another Argument of the Queens
good affedtion to him (who otherwife was fufficiently intent' on her per-
fonal profit) fo for a further demonftration of it, fhecaufed 100 pounds
to be abated in his Tenths and firft Fruits,\yhich had been over-charged
o;i his Predeceflfor. And, which was more then both together, flie ftif-
quantityL-
Acres, which had been firft alienated to the Queen, and by the Queen
was given to Crofts on a Court- petition. ^ Which fuit, as he had courage
enough to take in hand, fo had he thefelicity of an happy Iffue, in the
recovering of thofe Lands from fuch Potent Competitors, without lo-
fing any part of her Majefties favour. But thefe things are notpcrti-
nencto my prefentbufinefs, unlefsit be to fhewupon what ground he
flood, and that he was refolved to abate of nothing which concerned the
honour of the Church, who was fo vigilant and intent (without fear of
envy or difpleafure) on the profit of it.
37. The Qaeen was fet upon a point of holding her Prerogative-Roy-
al ac'the very height 5 and therefore would not yield to any thing in.
dvir
Civil matters, which feepied to teod to any fenfible diminution of,it.
Andinlik¥'fdrtflie \V^rep)l,Ved t^chin her Supremacy, which Ibe
confidered as the faireft Jewel in the Regal, Diadem 5, and confe-queiit-
ly, could as little hearken fb/uch Propofitions as had been madc'infa-
"vourofthe Z'»^/W» Faftlen by their great Agentsin the Court, thou»h
{he had many tiraes'beeri" foJlicited in it, To eafe her, 1,'^|^pf which 5oUir
citations for the time to come, ihe acquaints Whitgifi' at his firft coming
to the place, t'Kat fhe determined to difcharge her lelf from the trouble
' <^falUhe Church- concernments, and;'U?(ve them wholly to- his, car?:
That lie fliQul4 want no coiimenance and enc Duragejtent for carrying .o,p.
tlie great truft committed' to him : TJiat flie was fenfible enough into
what diforder and confufion the affairs of the Church were brought, by
the connivance of fome BKhops^the obftinacy of fome Minifters,, apa
the power of fome great Lords both in Court and Countrey ^ but' that
notwithftanding all thefe difficulties, hemuft refolve, notonly toaflert
theEpifcopal Power, butalfoto reftore that Uniformity in Gods Pub-
lick \yorthip, which by theHvfiaknefs of his Predeceflor was fo much en-
dangered. Thus authorize^a:nd countenanced, he begins his Goveia-
ment. And for the firft Effay thereof, he fends abroad three Ai ticks
to be fubfcribed by all the Clergy of his Province. The Tenour of
which Articles, becatife they afterwards created fo much trouble to him,
I fliall here fuhjoyn. Firft therefore, he required rhe Clergy to fubfcribe
to this, That the ^ttien had Supreme Authority over allperfons born within her
Dominions^ of what condition foever they were 5 and that no other Frince,
Prelate or Potentate^ either had, or ought to have any yirifdicfion Civil\iir Ec-
clefiaflical within her Realms and Dominions. 2. That the Book of Ccmmsn-
frayer-i and the Ordination of Bifhofs., PrieJIs and Deacons., contained nothing
contrary to the Word cf God:, hut might law fttlly be ufed-^ a^d that the'^ would
ufe that and no other. 3. That he allowed the Articles of Religion, agreed in
the Synod holdenat London, i/) the year of our Lord 1562, and publifhed by
the Siueens Authority ; and did believe them to be confon^nt to the Word ef
Cod.
38. It is not eafie to imagine what clamours were raifcd amongft the
Brethren upon this occasion •, how thty moved Heaven and Earth, the
Court and Country, and all the Friends they had of the Clergy or
Laity, to come to their affiftance in this time of their tryal. By means
whereof, theyraifedfo ftrong an opp.fition againft his proceedings,
that no man of lefs courage then Whitgifi, and none but Whitgift fo
well backed and countenanced by a gratious Miftrefs, could have with-
ftood the violence and fury of it. But by the Queens conftancy on the
one fide, who gave Semper Eadem for her Motto, to (hew that (he vs'as al-
ways one i and by his moft invincible patience on the other fide, whofe
Motto being Vincet quifatitur, declared what hopes he had, that by a dif-
cireet patience he might get the Vi(5tory -, he had the happinefs to fee the
Church reduced to her former luftre, by the removing of all obftacles
which lay before him. The firft of which was laid by fome of his own
Dioceis, who being required by him to fubfcribe fcr an Example to o-
ifhers, not only refufed fo to do, but being thereupon fufpendtd for their
contumacyin due Form of Law, they petitioned to the Lords of the
Council for yelief againfi him : the like Petition v;as prcfcnted to them
Lib. VII. Cl)e ^tftojt^ of ttyi ^tz^tftttiam, ^6^
by fotne Minifters of the Diocefs of Norwich^ againft Dr Edmund Fret^
their Bifliop •, to whom the planting of fo many Dutch Churches in the
principal City, and otherof the chief Towns of his Diocefs, had oiyen
trouble enough. To the Petition of the iTf^^/yX Minifters, which'^eon-
cerned himfelf, he was required to anfwer at the Council- Table, on the
Sunday fjLowing] Inftead whereof, he lays before them in the Letter
7hAt the Petttioners^for the moji part, were ignorant and raw youw men few
of them licenfed Preachers^ and generally dijaffeciedto the present Government:
Ih.it be had [fent th; beji fart of two or three days in labouring to reduce them ti
^better underfianding of the foints inquefiion •, but not being able to prevail h6
bad '■ 0 otherrvifc proceeded then the law required : That it was net for him to (it
in that place, if every Curate in his Diocefs might be permitted fo to ufe him'
nor pofiblefor h.m to perform the Duty which the ^een expected at his hands
if he might not proceed to the execution of that power by her Majeflj committed to
him^ without I interruption: That he could not be perfwaded^ that their Lordlhips
had any purpofe to make him a party ^ or to require him to come before them to de-
fend thofe a£fions^ wherein hefuppofed that he had no other J-udge but the 9iicen
her f elf ; and therefore in regard that he was called by God to thai place and fun-
Bion^ wherein he was to be their Paflor^ he was the rather moved to defire their
afftflance in matters pertaining to his office, for the quietnefs of the Churchthe
credit of Religion, and the maintainame of the Laws m defence thereof without
ex'^e^iinganjff.ch attendance on them as they had required-, for fear cf^ivina-
more advantage to thofe wayward perfons^ then he conceived they did intend And
thereunto he addc d this proteltation, That the three Articles whereunto they
were mov:dto [tibfcribe^were [nch^ as he was ready by Learning to defend m
manner and form as there fet down.^ againfi all opponents, either in Enofand
or elfewhcrc.
S9. Inreferenceto the paper of the 5»/o/^' Minifters, he returns this
anfwtr : It fcenmh [omething flrange to me^ that the Minifiers 0/ Suffolk
fnd ng thtmfelves agrievei with the doings of their Diocefms (hould leave the
irdnary courf of proceeding by the Law, {which is to appeal unto me) andex-
tra,rdinarily traible you> Lordfhifs in a matter not fo incident^as Ithink)t0 that
honoirable Beard, feeing it hath f leafed her ^ujefiy her ownfclfin exprefs words
to commit thefe caufcs Ecclefiaflical to me, as to one who is to make anfwer unto
God and her 'Ma)efly in this beh.df i, my Office alfo and place rcquirin/^ the fame.
In a^jfu er unto the, r complaint •, touching their ordinary proceedings with them^ I
have herewith fcKt ycur Lordfhips a Copy of a Letter lately received from his
1 ordfhip^ wherein I think that part of their Bill to be fully anfwer ed. Touching;
the refl, I know not what to ]udge of it •, but infome points it talketh {as I think)
m&dejily and charitably. They fay, they are no ^efuits fent from Rome to re-
concile, ^c. True it is, neither are they charged to be fo; but notwithflandin^,
they are contention in the Church of England, and by the.r contentions mini-
(}er occafon of (fence to thofe which are feduced by Jefuits -, and give the Sacra-
ments againfi the form ofpubtick Prayer ufed in this church, and by Law eflabli-
Jhed, and thereby incrcafe the number of them, and confirm them in their wil-
fulnefs. ibcy alfo make a Schifm in the church, and draw many other of her
Ma]ejlies SubjeSls to a mifliking of her Laws and Government in Canfes Eccle-
fiafi.cal. So far are they from perfwading them to obedience, or at the Icafl, if
theyperfwade them to it in the one part of her Authority, it is in Caufes Civil -,
they diff wade them from it as m-ich in the other, that is, in Caufes Ecclefiafli
cat:'
,54 €^t^iiim of t^c |g>?e0t¥te«tatT0, Lib. v ii.
cd: fothat indeed they pluck down tvith the otte hand, that t»hich theyfeem to
bmldmth the other.
40. Moreof which Letter might be added, were not this fufficient,
as well to (hew how perfedlyhe underftood both his place and power
as with what courage and difcretion he proceeded in the maintenance
of it. Which being obferved by feme great men about the Court,
who had ingaged themfelves Inthe Puritans quarrels, but were not wil-
ling to incur the Queens difpleafu re by their oppofition -, it was thought
belt to ftand a while behind the Curtain,and fet Bealwponh'im^ of whofe'
impetuofity and edge againft him they were well alTureJ. This Be J was
in himlelf a mod eager Puritan^ trained up by Walfmgham to draw dry-
foot after Prieftsand Jefuits 5 his extream natred to thofc men, being
looked on as the only good quality which he could pretend to. But be-
ing over-blinded by zeal andpaflion, he was never able to diftinguiih
rif^htly between truth and faldiood 5 between true Sanftity, and the
counterfeit appearance of it. This made him firft conceive, that what-
foever was not PHritan^ muft needs be Popjh ^ and that the Bilbops were
to beefteemed nootherwifethen the fons of Antichrift, brcaufe they
were not looked upon as Fathers by the holy Brotlierhooi. And fo fai^
was he hurried on by thefe dif-affedions, that though he was preferred
to be one of the Clerks of the Council, yet he preferred the intereft of
the Fadion before that of the Queen. Inforaucli, that he was noted to
jeer and gibe at all fuch Sermons as did mofl commend her Majefties Go-
vernment, and move the Auditory to obedience ^ not fparinsj to accufe
the Preachers upon fuch occasions to have broachtd falfe Dcftrine,and
falfly to alledge the Scriptures in defence thereof. This man had ei-
ther writ CT countenanced a fliarp Difcourfe againft Subfcription, in-
fcribedto the Archbifhop, and preicnted to him ; and thereupon caufed
fpeeches to be caft abroad, that the three Articles to which Subfcription
was required, fliould fliortlybe revoked by an Ad of the Council: which
muchencreafed the obftinacyof the felf-willed Brethren. Butafter,
fearing left the Queen might have a fight of die Papers , herefolvedto
oetthem out of his hands 5 and tliercupon went over to Lambeth^ where
he behaved himfelf in fuch a rude and violent manner, as forced the
Archbifliop to give an account tliereof by Letter to the Lord Treafurer
i;a;7f/g-y&, who hitherto had flood fair towards him, in thefe following
words:
■ 41. I have horn {h'lihht) with Mr^Be^ls intemperate fpeeches^ unfeemly
for him to »[€•, though not in refpe^ of my fe/f^ yet in refpei^ of Her Majefly
whom he fervcth, and of the Laws eflahlfhed, whereunte he ought fo fherv feme
duty. Tefterday he came to my hoHJe^ M tt feems to demand the Book he delive-
red unto me. Itoldhim^ Thattht bock was written unto me., and therefore no
reafon why he fhould require it again.ycfpeciaU'i feeing I was a^nred that he had
A Copy thereof-, other wife I would caufe it to be wr.tten cut for him : Whereupon
he fe/l into z'cry great paj/iens withm; {which I think wa^ the end of his coming)
for proceediugin the execution of the Articles^&LC. and told me ip efftCl^ that I
would he the overthrow of this Churchy a>:d acaufeoftumult^ with mxny other
hitter and l.:ard fpeeches.) which I heard patiently., and wifh^d him to cvfider
with what fpirJt hewns moved to fay fo ; For ifa/d, it could no t be by the Spirit
cf
Lib. VII. c^i^(ioivoft^e|ajc0b^temn!S. 26^
mfCid, which worketh tn mm Fatknce , Humility and Love ; a?idyour voords
declare {[aid I) that you a, every Arrogant, Frond ^ Impatient andUmhar it able.
Moreover ^the Spirit ofGod,&cc. And all thi^ while (taith he) Itj/hdmth him
tn the upper em of my Gallery : My Lord of Winchefler and divers flrmgers
bung in the other part thereof. But Mr. Beal beginning to extend his vo^e that
all might hear., I began to break off. Then he being more and mere kindled, very
impatiently uttered very preud and contimptuomffeeches in the juflifying of his
Book , and condemning the Orders eflablifhed , to the offence cfaUtle hearers,
whereupon , being very defy or. s to be rid ofhm., I madefmall anfwer ; but tol^
him that his (peeches were intolerable ^ that be forgot himfelf, and that I would
complain of htm to Her Majefly : whereof he feemed to' make fmall account^ ^^dfp
he departed in great heat. Which faid, he lets his Lordlhip know , That
though he was never more abufed by any man in his life , then fine e his commc- 1»
that place he had been by BciUand that upenne other ground but for doing his dutj,
yet that he was not willing to do him any ill office with the ^een about it.,or other-
wife to proceed any further in it then his Lordfhipjhould think mofi convenient.
42. Finding by thefe Experiments how little good was to be done up-
on him either way , it was refolved to make fome cryalon the opppiite
party, in hope to bring them by degrees unto fome attonement. The, Lqrd
Burleigh ftiall firft break the Ice-, who upon fome complaint made ar
gainft the Liturgy by fome of the Brethren , required them to compofe
another , fuch as they thought might generally beaccepted by thegi.
The firft C/**;^^ thereupon devifed a new one, agreeable in moft things to
the Form of (?e««'^'^. But this Draught being offered totheconfideratipji
of a fecond Claffis , (for fo the wife States- man had of purpofe contrived
the plot)there were no fewer then fix hundred exceptions made againft it,
and confequently lb many alterations to be made therein, before, it was
to be admitted. The third C///^/ quarrelled at thofe: Alterations;, and
refolved therefore on a new Model, which fliould have nothing of the o-
ther : And againft this, the fourth was able to pretend as many Objecti-
ons as had been made againft the firft. Sp that no likelyhood appearing
of any other Form of Worlhip, either better or worfe,to be agifepd qpon
between them , he difmift their Agents for the prefent ; with this afsu-
rance, that whenfoever they could agree upon any Liturgy which mi^ht
be univerfally received amongft them,they ftiould find him very ready to
fierve them in the fetling of it. Juft fo Pacuvius dealt with the people pf
Capua., when they refolved to put all their Senators to death. For when
he had advifed them nor to execute that fenCence upon any one Senator,
till they were agreed upon another to fupply the place, there foll©wed
fuch a divifion amongft them in the choice of the new , and fo many ex-
ceptions againft every man which was offered to them, that at the laft it
was refolved to let tlie old Senate. ftand in forc^,tillchey could better their
condition in the change;of the perfons. Waljlngham tries his fortune next,
in hope to bring them to allow of the Englijh Liturgy, on the removal of
iuch things as feemed moft offenfivc. And thereupon he offered in the
Queens name , that the three Ceremonies at which they feemed moft to
boggle 5 that is to fay , Kneeling at the communion-. The Surplice-., and,
The Crofs in Baptifm , (hould be expunged out of the Book of Common-
Prayer , if that would content them. But thereunto it was replied
Mm in
265 Cl^^ifto]itoftJ)e^}e0b^erian0« Ub.vii.
in the words of Mofes , Ne unguUm efe rcUncittendum ^ That they would
not leave fo much as a hoof behind. Meaning tht-reby,thac they would
have a total abolition of the Book , without retaining any . irt or O^ce
in it in their next new-nothing. Which peremptofy anUver did much
alienate his affedion from them •, asalterwards he amrmed to Knavfit^Sy
and Kmwftubs to Dr. ^ehn Buries oiCo^dy from whofe pjn I have ic.
45. The Brethren on the other fide, findii-.g how little they had gotten
by their application to the Lordsof the Council, began to ft-.er another
«ourfe, by pradifing upon the temper of the followii,g ParliamentMnto
which they had procured many of their chief Friends to be retained for
Kniohts or Burgeffes, as they could prevail. By whofe means (nocwith-
ftanding that the Queen had charged them not to deal in anything
which was of concernment to the Church) they procured a Bill to pais
in the Houfe of Commons 15S5, for making tryal of the fufficiency of
fuch as were to be ordained or admitted Minivers by twelve Lay- men 5
whoft- approbation and allowance they were firft to pafs,beforcthcy were
to receive I ttfl it ut ion into any Benefice. Another Bill was alfo paft, for
making Marriage lawful at all times of the year -, which had been for-
merly attempted by the Convocation, and tendred to the Queen amono;ft
other Articles there agreed upon, but was by her difrelliilied and rejedt-
ed, as before was faid. They were in hand alfo with a third, concerning
Ecclcfiaftical Courts, and the Epifcopal Vifitations •, pretending only a
redrefs of fome Exorbitances in exceflive Fees, but aiming plainly at the
overthrow of the Jurifdiiftion. Of which particulars, W^iigift gives no-
tice to the Queen 5 and the Queen fo far fignified her diflike of all thofe
proceedings , that all thofe Projeds dyed in the Houfe of Commons,
without ever coming into Ad*;. The like attempt were made in fome
following SeiTions •, in which fome Members {hewed themfelvesfo trou-
blefome to fober men, fo alienated from the pref^nt Government, and fo
difrefpedive toward the Queen , that fhe was fain to lay fome of them
by the heels, and deprive others of their places , before flie could redace
them to a better temper. Of which we ihall fpeak more hereafterjin the
courfeofthisHiftory.
The End of the feVenth Book.
Lib. VIII.
2^7
JEIIIVS \E'DIVIVV S
OR THE
I S T O R
OF THE
resbyterians.
L I B. vrii.
Containing
The Seditious TniBifes and Poftions of the Englifli Puritans V
their Libdi^%ailing, and (^^Vding, in order to the jetting up of the
Holy Dijcipline^ from the Year iiyS^, to theTear 1589. The un-
dutiful Carriage of the French , and the horrible Infolencies of .
the Scotch Prcsbytcries^(?/« the Tear 1585, to thelear 1592.
■«^Aving thus profecuted the Affairs of the Presbyteri-
ans in England-, to the fame point of time where be^
fore we left the Scots, the French, and thofe of the
fame Party in the Belgick Provinces : we fliall
hereafter treat of them as they come before us
with reference to the Pra(aifes and Proceedings of
their £«^///7) Brethren. And firft,beginning with
the Scots, it is to be remembrcd, that we left them.
at a very low ebb •, the Earl of Gowrjf put to death, many of the Nobility
exiled into Forein Countries, and the chief Zealots of the Fad:iou a-
1584;
Mm
mongd
j68 -SJl^l^tftO?^ Of m Pn^tttimSi* Lib. V IIL
mongft the Minifters , putting themfelves into a voluntary Baniflimenc,
becaufe they co"uld not have their wills on the King and Council. Eng-
land , as neareft hand 5 was the comn^on Sanctuary , to which Come
Lords 5 and aln:ioLt all the RefraLtory Miniflers had retired themftlves.
Much countenanced by Mr. Secretary Wdfirigham , who had {"etthem on
Work s and therefore was obliged to gratific them in Tome fie proporti-
on- To fuch of the Nobility as had fled into EngUnd , he aligned the
Ifle of Lir.disfarm , (commonly called the Holy Ip/id) not far from Ber-
wick 5 with order to the Lord Hundfdoff^whowds then Goveniour of thas
Town, to give them the poffefTion of it. But Hundfdon., though he had
lefs Zeal, had fo much knowledge of his Duty, as to ditbbey him 5 con-
fiderin«' the great confequence of the place , and that there was no im-
poflibifity in it , but that the Scots might make ufc of it to the common
prejudice, if tliey fliould prove enemies to this Crown , as perhaps they
might. A matter, which the Secretary would not have palled over in
fo light a manner, but that an Embaflador was lent at the fame time
i'rom the King oiScots^hy whom itwasdefiredthat the Fugitives of that
Nation, whatfoever they were , might either be remitted home, or elfe
commanded not to live fo near the Borders, where they had opportuni-
ty, more than ftood with the good of that Kingdom,to pervert the Sub-
jeds. Which reafonablc defire being yeelded unto,the Lords and Great
men of that Nation were ordered to retire to Nonvich , and many of the
Minifters, permitted to prepare for XowJc/?, Oxon^ Camhidge, and ibrae
other places^ where fome of them procured more mifchief to the Church
o{ England -i than all of them could have done to their own Coantrey,
had they ftaid at Berwick.
2. At London they are fuffered , by fome zealous Brethren, to poffefs
their Pulpits, in which they rail, without comptroU, ajainfl their King,
the Councilof that Kingdom 5 and their natural Queen-, as if by the
praflifes of the one, and the connivance of the other, the Reformed Re-
ligion was in danger to be rooted out. Some Overtures had been made
at that time by the Queen oiScots^y which it was deiired that llie might
be reftored unto liberty of her perfon , alsociating with the young King
in the Government of the Realm o^ Scotland ; and be fuffered to have
the Mafs faid in her private Clofet, for her felf and her Servants. Tlie
news whereof being brought to London-^ filled all the Pulpits which the
Srots were fuffered to invade, with terrible complaints and exclamations-,
none of them fparing to affirm , That her liberty wasinconhftent with
Queen Eltz.al?eth's Safety : That both Kingdoms were undone if (he were
admitted to the joynt-Government of the Realm of Scotland • and. That
the Reformed Religion muft needs breath its lafl, if the Popijl were per-
mitted within the Walls of the Court, Which points they prefsed with
fo. much vehemence and heat , that many were thereby inflamed to join
thcmfelves in the Afsociation againfl that Queen, which foon after fol-
lowed. Againft their King they railed fo bitterly, and with fuch re-
proach , (one Davinfen more than any other) that upon complaint made
by the Scottifli Embafsador , the Bilhop of London was commanded to fi-
lence all the Scots about the City 5 and the like Order given to the reft
of the Bifhops ,. by whom they \yere inhibited from Preaching in all o-
thcr placei. Bwt the lefs noife they made in the Church, the moreclofely
in'd
Lib: Yiii. c^ ^mm of m nbtsmmium: ^^^
and dangeroufly they pradifed on particular perfons, in whom they en
deavoured to beget an ill opinion of theprefent Government, and tu
engage them for advancing that of the rresf^yterinn'm the place thereof.
But this chey had followed more fuccefsfully at the Ad in Oxon^\\\\txt
they are liberally entertained by Gclibrand and the reft of the Bre-
thren 5 among ft which, IVJcox, Hen, and Acktoriy wert of greatelt note.
And at this time a queftioii was propounded to them concerning the oro-
ceeding of the Minifter in his dufy, without the alTtftancc or tarrying
for the Magiftrate. How they refolved this queftion, may be eafily
gueffed, partly by that which they had done themfelves when they were
in ScotUnd -, and partly by the Adings of their Englijh Brethren, in pur-
fuanceftfit.
3. Fotprefently after, <7f//^r4;;^ deals with divers Students in theic
feveral Colledges, to put their hands unto a paper, which feemed to
contain fomewhatin it of fuch dangerous nature, that fomedidabfo-
lutely refufe, and others required further time of deliberation : of which
Gelihraftd thus writes to /"/e/i, on the 12 of^afiuary then next following :
I have already {.(siith ht) entred into the matters whereof you wnte^ and dealt
•With threeor four fever d Colledges y concerning thofe amongfi whom they live.
Jfndthdt men are very a'angeroM in this pointy generally fdvomng Reforma-
tion% But when it comes te the particular peint, fonte have not yet confidered of
the things for which others in the Church are fo much troubled : others are afraid
to teflifieany thingwith their hands Jefi it breed danger before the time: and
many favour the Caufe of the Reformation^ but they are not Miniflers^ but youn^
Students-^ of whom there is good hope ^ if they be not cut off by violent dealing
before the time. As lhe.ir ^yyeu^fo I mem to go forward where there is any
hofe, and to learn the number^ and certifie yow thereof ,^c. But that rhefefe-
cretpradifcs might not befufpeded, theyopenly attend the Parliament
of this year, as at other times, in hope of gaining fome advantage a-
gainft the Biihops, and the received Orders of the Church : For in
the P^tr/MwS/zf of this year, which began on the Twenty third of i\r<; -
trw^fr, they petitioned, amongft other things. That a Reftraint mi^ht
be laid upon the Billiops, for granting of Faculties, conferring of Or-
ders, asalfointhe executing of Ecclefiaftical Cenfure, the Oath Ex
Q^f/o, permitting Non-refrdence, and the like. But the Queen would
not heafken to it, partly becaufe of the diflike (lie had of all Innovati-
ons, which commonly tend unto the Worfe •, but chiefly, in regard that
all fuch Applications as they made to the Parliament, were by her look-
ed on as derogatory to her own Supremacy. So that inftead of gain-
ing any of thofe points at the hands of the Parliament, they oained
nothing but difpleafure from the Queen , who is affirmed by Stotv
to have made a Spe.'ch at the end of their SelTion, and therein to have
told the Biihops, That if they did not look more carefully tothedif.
charge of their Duties, (he muft take order to deprive theiu, Sharr^
words! and fuch as might neceffitate the Bifliops to look well about
thtm,
4. It hippcned alfo, thatfomeof the great Lords at Court whom'
they moft relyed on, began to cool in their affections to the Caufe,
and had informed the (^een of theweaknefs of it, upon thisoccafion;
The Ezx\ oi Leicefier, Walfmgham, and fome others of great place and
power
270 '^i^t ^ifto)^ of ttie ^K^t^tertan^, . Lib.viir-
power, being continually preft unto it by Come Leading men, prevailed
fofar on the Arch-Biibop of CMterhry, as to admit them (in their
hearino) to a private Conference : To which the Arch-Bifliop con-
defcends-, and having defiredthe Arch-Billiopof Tt?/-^, and theBifhop
o{ fVinckfier, to affociate with him, that he might not feem to aCt
alone in that weighty bufinefs ^ he was pleafed to hear fuch Reafons
as they could alledge for refufing to conform themfelves to the Or-
ders of the Church eftabliihed. At which time though the faid raoft
Reverend Prelate fufficiently cleared all their Doubts, and fatisfied
all Exceptions which they had to make -, yet at the earned requeft of
the faid great perfons, he gave way unto a fecond Conference to be
held at Lambeth-, at which fuch men were to be prefent, whofe Argu-
ments and Objedions were conceived unanfwerable, becaufe they had
not yet been heard. But when the points had been canvafed on both
fides for four hours together, the faid great perfons openly profefTcd
before all the Company, That they did not believe the Arch-^bifliops
Reafons to have been fo ftrong, and thofe of the other fide fo wi ak
and trivial, as they now perceived them. And having thank d the
Lord Arch-Bifhop for his pains and patience, they did not only promife
him to inform the Queen in the truth of the bufinefs ^ but endea-
voured to perfwade the oppofitc Party to a prefent Conformity. But
Ion'' they did not flay in fogooda humour-, of which more here-
after.
5. With better fortune fped the Lords of the Scotifl) Nation, in the
advance of their Affairs •• Who being admitted to the Queens prefence
by the means of Walji»gham, received fuch countenance and fuppcwt,
as put them into a condition of returning homewards, and gaining that
by force and praftife, which they found impolfible to be compaffed an^
other way. All matters in that Kingdom were then chiefly governed
by the Earl of Arran., formerly better known by the name of Captain
5P<ww, who being of the Houle of the 5/«^r/j-, and fa ftening his depen-
dence on the Duke q£ Lenox ^ at his firfl coming out of France^ had on
his inftigation undertaken the impeaching of the Earl oi Morton: af-
ter which, growing great in favour with the King himfelf, he began to
ingrofs all. Offices and Places of Truft, to draw unto himfelf the raana*
gery of all Affairs, and finally to aflumethe Title of Earl of Arran, at
fuch time as the Chiefs of the HAmiltons were exiled and forfeited-
Grown great and powerful by thefe means, and having added the Of-
fice of Lord Chancellor to the reft of his Honours, he grew into a ge-
neral hatred with all forts of people : And being known to have no very
<joodaffei5tionsto the Q^ttno^ England:, flie was the more willing to
contribute towards hisdeftrudion. Thus animated and prepared, they
make toward the Borders, and raifing the Countrey as they went, mar-
ched onto .S/fr//>?f where the King then lay. Andfliewing themfelves
before the Town with Ten thoufand men, they publiih a Proclamati-
on in their own terms, touching the Reafons which induced them to put
themfelves into Arms. Amongft which it was none of the leaft, " That
" Aasand Proclamations had not long before been publiihed againft
"theMiniftersofthe Kirk, inhibiting their Presbyteries, AflTemblies,
"and other Exercifes, Priviledges, and Immunities, by rcafbn whereof
"t!ie
Lib. vHi. cj)e m^o}v of m l^je^bftemn?. ^^ ,
*■' the mod Learned and Honeft of that number were compelled for fafe-
" ty of their Lives and Confciences, to abandon their Cmntty. Tty
"the end therefore that all the afHided Kirk might bectirtiforted and
*' allthefaid Ads fully made in prejudice of the fame, might be'can-
« celled, and for ever abolillied, they commanded all the Kings Subjed^
*< to come in to aid them.
6 The King perceiving by this Proclamation what he was to truft "
to, firft thinks of fortifying the Town: bu: finding that to be untena-
ble, he betakes himfelf unto the Caflle, as his fureft ftrength. The Con-
querors having gained the Town on the hrft of Oifohr, pofleft them"
felves alfo of the Bulwarks about the Caftle -, which they inviron oil
alliides^fo thatitwasnotpoflible for any to efcape their hands • In
which extremity the King makes three Requefts unto them, vjz. That
his Life, Honour, and Eitate, might be preferved. That the Lives of
certain of his Friends might not be touched. And that all things mioht
be tranfaded in a peaceable manner. They, on the other fide, demand
three things for their fecurity and fatisfadion, viz,, i. «' That the Kin<»
'■"' would allow of their intention, and fubfcrlb'e their Proclamation un-
« rill further Order were eftablifhed by the Eftates, &c. and that he
" would deliver into their hands all the Strong-holds in the Land. 2. That
"fuchashad difquieted the Common-wealth, might be delivered to
"them, and abide their due tryal by Law. And, 3.. That the old Guard
" might bf removed, and another placed, which was to beat their dif-
"pofal. To which Demands the King confents at laft, as he could
not otherwile •, though in their Second they had purpofely run a-crofs
tothefecond of his, wherein he haddelired that the Lives of fuch as
were about him, might not be endangered. Upon the yeildin* of
which p ints, which in effed was all that he had to give ifrito them^ he
puts himfclf into their hands, hath a new Guard impofed upon him, and
is conduded l-y ihem wherefoever they pleafe. And now the Minifters"
return in triumph to their Widowed Churches, where they had the
Pulpits at command, but nothing elfe agreeable to their expedation.
For the Lords having ferved their own turns, took no care of theirs •
infomuclii that in a Parliament held in z.;r^^tfe, immediately after theV
had got the King into their power, they caufed an Ad to pafs for ra-
tifying the appointment betwixt them and the King -, by which they pro-
vided wtU enough for their own Indempnity. But then withal, they
fuffered it to be Enaded, That none [hottld either fttblicklj declare, or prL
vatelyfpeak or write in refrdich of his M4]eflies Perfon, Eftate^ or Government.
Which came fo crols upon the ftomacks of the Minifters, whom no-
thing elfe could fatisfie but the repealing of all former Statutes which
were made to their prejudice, that they fell foul upon the Kin^ in a
fcandalous manner : infomuch that one Gihfon affirmed openly in a Ser-
mon 2itEdenboro'.igh^ That heretofore the Earl of Arran was fufpeded
to have been the Perfecutor, but >7ow they found it was the Kmg •, a^ainft
whom he denounced the Curfe that fell on Jeroboam, Thathe'jbould dje
Childlefs^ and be the Ufi of his Race. For which, beina called to an ac-
count before the Lords of the Council, he ftood upon his juftification
without altering, and was by them fent Prifoner to the Caftle of
B^arkrofs.
7. Of
,7j 'W^'i^mtt of tf^ ^ttfstfttmm. Lib. V III.
7. Of the fame temper were the reft z, who notwkhftandiug the late
A<as of Parliament inhibiting all Aflembly and Claflical Conventi-
ons, without leave from the King, held a new Synod at St. Andrews^ in
the .-//'r// following, con fifting (for the moft part) of, Barons and Lay-
Gentlemen, Matters of CoUedges, -tmd ignorant School-Mafters.
Which Synod (if it may be called fo) was purpofely indited by Android
Melvin^ for cenfuring the Archbifhop of that City, whom they fuf-
pededand gave out to be the chief Contriver of the Ads of Parliament
made in 1584, fo prejudicial to the Kirk 5 and to have penned the De-
claration in defence thereof. And hereunto he found the reft fo ready
to conform themfelves, that they were upon the point of pafling the
Sentence of Excommunication againfthim, before he was cite J to ap-
pear 5 moft of them crying aloud. It was the Cau[e ef God-, and, That
there needed m ciiatton^ where the i/iiquity wasfe mmtfefi. But being cited,
at the laft, he appears before them, puts up his Proteftation concern-
ing the unlaw/ulnefs of that Convention, and his difowning any Jurif-
didion which they challenged over him 5 and fo demanded of them,
What they had to fay .'' His Accufationwas, That he had deviled the
Ads of Parliament in --84, to the fubverfion of the Kirk, and the Li-
berties of it. To which he anfwered. That he only had approved, and
not deviled the faid Ads ; which having paft the approbation of
the Three Eftates, were of a nature too Supreme for fuch Aflem-
blies •, and thereupon appealed unto the King, the Council, and the
following Parliament. But notwithftanding this Appeal , the Sen-
tence of^ Excommunication is decreed againfthim, drawn into Wri-
ting, and fubfcribed. Which when neither the Moderator, being a
meer Layick, nor any of the Miniftets themfelves, had confidence e-
nough to pronounce and publiih •, one Hunter, a Pedagogue in the Houfe
of Andrew Melvin, (profefling that he had the Warrant of the Spirit for
it) took the charge upon him, and with fufficient audacity pronounced
the Sentence.
8. The informality and perverfnefs of thefe proceedings, much dif-
pleafed the King •, but more he feared what would be done ia the next
Affembly, appointed to be held at Bdenhorough, and then near at hand.
MeWtn intended in the fame, not only to make good whatfoever had
been done at the former Meeting, but todifpute the nature and validity
pf all Appeals which fliould be made againft them on the like occafions.
To break which blow,theKing could find no other way,but to perfwade
the Arch-bifliop to fubfcribe to thefe three points, viz. That he never
jpublickly profeffed or intended to claim any Superiority, or tobe judge
over any other Paftors and Minifters, or yet avowed the fame to have a-
nywartant in Gods Word: That he never challenged any Jurifdidion
over the late Synod at St, Andrews -, and muft have erred, by his con-
tempt of the faid meeting, if he had fo done. And thirdly,That he would
behave himfelf better for the time to come •, defiring pardon for the
overfight of hisformer Adions ^promifing to bcjuch a Bilhop from
thenceforth, as was defcribed by St. Paid: And finally, fubmitting both
himfelf and Dodrine, to the Jndgement of the faid Affembly, without
appealing from the fame in the times to come. To {uch unwor-
thy Conditions was the poor man brought, only to gain the King
fome
Lib. VIII. 'Wljt ipiiftoj? Of tt)e pt'^^bttmmfii
275
tume peace, and co referve that little Power which wasfefc unco Him rj
though the King loft more by this Tranfacaion, than poflibly He could
have done by his ftjnding out. For, notwithftanding tlie Submilfions oa
the part of the Bifliop, the Allembly would defcend no lower then to de-
clare. That they would hold the laid Sentence for not pronounced, and
thereby leave the Bilhop in the fame eftate in which they found him 5'
and not this neither, bur upon Ibme hopes and aflurante given them*'
that the King would favourably concur with them in the building of
the Houfeof God. Which Agreement did fo litfjefati^fie the adverfe
party, that they juftified their former procefs, and perempcorilv confir-
med the S^-ntence which had been pronounced. Which when it could
not be obtained from the greater part of the AfTembly, who were not
willing to lofe the glory of fo great a Vidory • Hunter ftands up, by the
ndvke oi A Kiiretv Mehm^ and pnhlkkly protefted againft it 5 declarino-
forther, That notwirhflanding any thing which had been done to the
contrary, the Bilhop lliould be ftill reputed for an Excommunicated per-
fon, and one delivered unto Satan. It was moved in this Aflembly alfo.
That feme Cenfure ihould be laid upon the Minifters, who had fubfcri-
bi^d the Ads of Parliament made in --84. But their number proved fo
great, that a Schifm was feared •, and they were wife enough to keep
all together, that they might be the better able upon all occafions to,
oppofe the King. Somewhat was alfo done concerning the Eflablifhmenc
of their Preshjtcnes-, and the defining of their Power, of which the King
would take no notice, referving his difguft of fo many infolcncies, till he
iliould find himfelf in a condition to do them Reafon.
9. In theie Exorbitances, they are followed by the Englijh Ptfritaps^
who had been bad enough before, but henceforth fliewed themfelves to
have more of the 5fo/ in them, :han in former times. For prefently
upon the news of the good fuccefs which their ScottiO) Brethren hadjac
Sterling, a fcandalous Libel, in the nature of a Dtologue^ is publifhed,'
and difperfed in moft parts oi EngUnd: in which the ftate of this Church
is pretended to be laid open in a Conference between Diotrefhcs^ frepre^
fenting the perfon of a Biiliop)T'/?;-r«//^,.(a P-^/i/y? brought in to plead for
the Ordersof our Church) Dfwf/^r/air, an Ufurer, (fignifying fuchaslive
by unlawful Trades) Partiocheiis^ an Inn-keeper, (a receiver of all,:and
a footlier of every man for his Gain) and Vatil, (a Preacher of the Word of
God) furtaining the place and perfon of tht Confiflorians). In the con-
trivance of which piece, P^/^/ falls diredly on the Bilhop, whom he u-
fed moft proudly, fpightfuUy, and flanderoufly. He condemneth. both
the Calling of Bifhops as Anttchnftian^ and cenfureth their proceed-
ings as Wicked, Popifli, Unlawful, and Cruel. The Bilhop is fuppo-
fedtohave been fentout of EngUnd into Scotland;., for.fuppreffins the
Preshyteriesilutey and is made upon his return homewards, to be the Re-
porter ofthe 5£-i)////> Affairs •, and withal, to fignifie his:great fear lefl
he, and the reft of the Bilhops in England, ihould btJervcd fhortly as
the Bilhops had lately been in. Scctl a r/d., viz', at Edenhotough.^St. Andrews^
&c. TntuUasy the Papift^ is made the Bilhops only. Counfellor in the
whole courfeof the Government of the Church; v'by..,whofe Advice,
the Bilhops are made to bear with the P<'/'///'ivV(r»/4«/,y, and that tb ma-;
ny ways. are fought to fupprefs the Purttans : And he, t6geiher with
• • N n P,uido-
374 C^!^ftoji?'Of t]^et^je0t¥tc«JatT0« Lib.viir
Pandockits theHoH^and Demetrius the Ufurer,relate unto the Bifliop fuch'
Occurrences as had happened in England darlno his ftay amongft the
Scots. At which when the Bifhop feemed to wonder , and much more
marvelled that the Bifhopshad not yet fuppreffcd the Puritans iomt way
Or other 5 Pandochew is made to tell him , That one of their Preachers
had affirmed in the Pulpit 5 That there were one hundred thouland oi
them in England 5 and that their number in all places did encreafe contii«:
nually.
10. By this laftbrag about their Numbers, and fomewhat which
efcaped from the raouth of Paul , touching his hopes of feeing the Con-
fiftorian Difcipline,eredted ihortly 5 it may be gathered. That they had
apurpofe to proceed in their Innovations , cue of a hope to terrifie the
State to a compliance, by the ftrength of their Party. But if that fail-
ed J they would then do as Penry had advifed and threatned; that is to
fay, they would prefent themfelves with a Petition to the Houltsof Par*^
liament, to the delivering whereof, one hundred thoufand Hands fliould
be drawn together. In the mean time, it was thought He to diiTemble
their purpofes , and to make tryal of fuch other means as appeared lefs
dangerous. To which end they prefent with one hand a l-'etirion to the
Convocation , in which it was defired , That they might be freed from
all Subfcriptions •, and with the other, publilh a feditious Pamphlet, en-
tituled , j4 Comfldnt of the Commons for a Learned Mtmjiry. But, for the
putting of their Counfels in execution, they were for the prefent at a
ftand. The Book of Difcipline , upon a juft examination , wasnoc
found fo perfed, but that it needed a review 5 and the review thereof is.
referred to Traverfe. By whom being finifhed, after a tedious expecta-
tion, it was commended to the Brethren , and by them approved. But
the worft was , it was not fo well liked of in the Houfes of l^arliament,
atto pafs for current 5 which fa incenfed thofe meek-fpiriced men, that
they fell prefently lOtJie threatningand reviling all who oppofed them
in it. They had prepared their way to the Parliament then fitting, A»-
W.1586, by telling them , ' That if the Reformation they deiired, were
' not granted, they Hiould betray God, his Truth, and the whole King-
' dom, that they ftiould declare themfelves to be an AfTembly , where-
* in the Lords Caufe could not be heard, wherein the felicity of mifera-
*ble men could notbe refpededj wherein Truth, Religion, and Piety,
•^coqldbear nofway •, anAfsembly that willingly called for tlie Judge-
^mentsofGod upon the whole Realm 5 and finally, that not a man of
' their leed Ihould profper, be a Parliament man, or bear rule in England
* any more.
i'?r This necefsary preparation being thus premifed, tliey tender to
the Parliament , ABookof the form of Common- Prayer by them de-
fired, c-ontaining alfo in effed: the whole pretended Difcipline , fo revi-
fed by Traverfe ^ and their Petition in behalf thereof, was in thefe words
following, VIZ,. May it therefore pie afe your Majejly,dcc. that the Book
hereunto annexed^ 8cc. Entituled ^ A Book of the Form of Common-
Prayers, and Adnhiniftration of Sacraments, &c. and even thing therein
C6>3tained,^c. may be from henceforth fut in ufe ^ and fracfifed through aU.
your Majefifs Dominions^ &c. But this fo little edified with the Queen,
or that the Grave Afsembly, that ia the drawing up of a General Pardon
to
Lib. viH. ci^e l^tfto^i of tfft ^t^^btttmmi
375
to be parted in Parliament, there was an exception ofthofe that commit-
ted any offence agaiinft the Ad for the uniformity of Common- Prayers.
or that were Publiihers of Seditious Books , or Diftu'rberS of Divine
Service. And to fay the truth, the Queen hid little reafon to approve
of that Forni of Difcipline in which there was fo little con/idcracion of
the Supreme Magiftrate in having either vote or place in any of their S\'-
nodical Meetings , unlefs he be chofen for an Elder , or indidting their
AfTemblies , either Provincial of National^ or what elfefoever ^'or m-
fomuch as nominating the particular time or place, wh'en and'where to
hold them -, or finally, in requiring his alTent to any of their Conftituti-
OB5. AH which, they challenge tothemfelves with far greater a rro'-
gancy than ever was exercifcd by the Pope,or atiy Bidiop or inferior Mi-
nifter under his command, during the times of greattft Darknefs. But
the Brethren not confiiering What juft reafon the Queen had to reied:
iheir Bill,and yet fearing to fall foul upon her, in regard of the danger •
fhey letflyeat the Parliament in this manner 5 that is to fay. That the/
Ihould be in danger of the terrible Mafs of Gods wrath, both in this life
and that to come-, and that for their rebt abrogating the EpifcopalGo-
vernment, they might well hope for the favour and entertainment of
Mofes , that is, the curfe oF the Law : the Favour and lovin* Counte-
nance of Jefus Chrifl:, they fliould never fee.
12. It may fecm ftrange that Queeh £//^;,^^??^ fliould carry fuch a"
hard hand on her Englijh Furita^is , as well by fevere Laws and terrible
executions , as by excluding them from the benefit of a General Par-
don 5 and yet proted and countenance the Presbyterians in all p'aees
elfe." But that great Monfter in Nature^called Reafort ofState,h brought
to plead in her defence •, by which Hie had been drawn tO aid the French
Hugonots agaihft thtir King •, to fupply the Rebel Scots with Men , Mo-
ney, Arms and Ammunition , upon all occafions ^ and hitherto fup-'
port thofe of the Belgick Provinces againft the Sfmiard. Now flie re-
ceives thefe laft into htr proredion, being reduced at that time unto ©reat
extremities, partly by reafon of the death of the Prince olormqe ^ and
partly in regard of tiie great SuccefTcs of the Prince of ?armA. Iii
which extremity they offered her the Soveraignityof/f6>to^, ZeaUntl
and Wefi-Fricpwd-, to which they frame for her an unhandfome Title'
grounded on her defcent from Philippa^ Wife of Edward the Third, Si-
fter of William the Third , Earl of Heynak, Holland^ 8cc. But fhe hot
harkning to that offer about the Soveraignty , as a thing too inVidiods
and of dangerous confequence -, cheerfully yeelded to receive themihtb
her protedion, to raifean Army prefently toward their defence, confi-
fting of five thoufand Foot , and one thoiifand Horfe , with Moneyi
Ammunition, Arms, and all other neceiHtries •, and finally, to put
the fame Arms fo appointed, under the Command of fome Pefon of
HoiiDur, who was to take the charge andtruftof fo great a bufmefs.
The Confederates, on the other fide, being very prodigal of that which
was none of their own , delivered into hfr hands the Keys of the Couni
tty,that is to fay,the Towns 0^ Bnll dxiA Fltijhing.with the Fort oi Rdmc-
kins. And more then fo , as foon as the Earl of /.w^/^r came-amongft
them, in the Head of this Army, which moftambitioufly heaffeded for
feme other ends-,they put into his hands the abfolnte Government of thefe
N n 2 Pro-
275 C]^e i^tao?^ Of t]^e i&jejsbttcrtan^, Lib.viip
Provinces, gave him the Title of His Excellency, and generally fubmic-
ted to him with more outward cheerfulnels than ever they had done to
the King of Sfain. It is not to be thought, but that the Fresbjtoutn Dif-
cipline went on fuccesfully in thofe Provinces , under this new Gover-
nor 5 who having countenanced them in EngUr.d againft the Laws
mi^ht very well afford them all his beft affiflances, whca law and liber-
ty kerned to fpeakin favour of it. But being there was nothing done
by them , which was more than ordinary j as little more than ordinary
could be done amongft them, after they had betrayed rheir Countrey to
'the Power of Strangers 5 We fhall leave him to purfue their Wars, and
return for BngUnd,\\htit we Ihall find the Queen of Scots upon the point
of acting the laft part of her Tragedy.
13. Concerning which, it may not be unfit to recapitulate fo much
of Her ftory as maycondud us fairly to the knowledge of her prcfent
condition. Immediately on the death of Queen M.iry, ihe had taken on
her felf the Title and Arms of England; which though £hedid pretend
CO have been done by the command of her Husband , and promifcd to
difclaim them both in the Txt&ty oi Edenhrough -, yet neither were the
Arms obliterated in her Plate and Hangings, after the death of that
Husband-, nor would (lie ever ratifie and confirm that Treaty, as had
been conditioned. On this firll grudg , Queen Elizabeth furnilheth
the Scots both with Men and Arms, to expel the French ; affords them
fuch a meafure both of Money and Countenance , as made them able
totakethe Field againft their Queen, to take her Pritoner , to depofe
her-, and finally, to compel her to forfake the Kingdom. In which
extremity , flie lands in Cumberland^ and cafts her felf upon the favour
of Queen Elizabeth-:, by whom fhe was firft confined to Carlijle , and af-
terwards committed to the cuftody of the Earl oishrewsbmy. Upon the
death oi Francis the Second , her firft Husband, the King of ^/"^/wde-
figned iier for a Wife to his Eldeft Sjn. But the ambition of the young'
Prince fpurred him on fo faft , that he brake his Neck in the Career.
The D+ike qF Norfolk was too great for a private Subjed 5 of the Reve-
nue not inferior to the Crown of Scotland : inlomuch that the Queen was
counfelled , when (lie came firft to the Throne , either to take him for
her Husband, or to cut him off. He is now drawn into the Snare, by
being tempted to a hopeof Marriage with the captive Queen •, which
jAicepr and the reft, who had moved it to him , turned to his deftru(5li-
on. Don J-phn of JitfiriajGovernont of the Netherlands for the King of
Spain, had the llkedefign, that by her Title he might raife hirafelf to the
Crown of England. To which end he recalled the Spdnijl) Soldiers out
qi Italy , to whofe difmiflion he had yeelded when he firft came to that
Government-, and thereby gave Queen Elizabeth a fufficient colour to
aid the Provinces againft him. But his afpirings coft him dear-,for he fell
foon after. The Guifards and the Pofe had another projed, which was.
To place her firft on the Throne o^EngUr^dyZnd then to find an Husband
of fufficient Powe.r to maintain her in it. For the effecfting of which Pro-
je<a, the.Pope commiffionatedhis Prieftsand JefuitS; and the Guifards tm-
ployed their Emiffaries of the £«j-/y/^ Nation, by Poyfon, Piftol, open
War, or fecrct pra<aifes, to deftroy the one, that forhey might advance
;thg Other to the Regal Diadem.
'.\-'] 14. With
Lib. VIII. '^\)t i^tfto.i^ Of tl)e ^zt^btUviam, i^y
14. With all diefePraaifes and defign^i it was conceived that the
Imprilbned Qucca could not be ignorant; and many ftron<y prefumpcions
were dilcovtred to convid her of it : Upon which grounds the Earl of
Leuejkr drew the form of an Ad'oaation, by which he bound himfelf and
as many others as ihould enter into it, To W-jke e»quiry againji all^ fuch
fcrfonsasflwidd attemfttoiniudethe Kmgdom^ or rjife Rebellion^ or [Jmuld
atumfi^nj evil agatnji the ^ens Per [on, to do her any manner of hurt from
■ or hywhomfoever that lajed A:ij claim to the Crown of England , And thM
that Ferfon by whom, or for xvhom they fhalUttcmft Any fuch things (hall be al-
together imcaf able of theCrovpn^jhallbe depiajcdof all manner of Riq^ht thereto
andper/ecutedto the death by all the jQueens Loyal Srihjecfs, in cafe they fhallbe
found guilty of atiy fuch Invafion^ Rebellion^ or Treafon^ andfhould be fo tub-
lick ly de Jar ed. Which Band or AlTociation, was confirmed in the Par-
liament of this year, ending t\\t 29 oi March ^ Anno 1585, exceedingly
extolled for an Ad: of Piety, by thofe very men whofeemed to abomi-
nate nothing mue, than the like Combination made not lono before
between the Pope, the Spaniard^ and the Houfe of Gitife, called °the Hoh
League -■, whxh League was made for maintenance of the Relicrion then
eftablifli din the Realm o'i France ^Zf\A\.\\t excluding cf the"Kin» of
NavAvre, the Prince of Conde^ and the reft of the Houfe of Bourbon
from their fucceffion to the Crown, as long as they continued ene-
mies to that Religion. The Brethren in this cafe not unlike the Lafnik
who are reported to have been ftone-blind when they tvere at home
but more than Eagl;-fighted when they went abroad. But that they
might not truft to their own ftrength only, Queen Elizabeth tyes the
■JFrench King to her, by invcfting him with the Robes and Order of
Saint (^eorg-c, called the Garter: She draws the King of Scots to unite
himfelf unco her in a League Offenfive and Defenfive againft all the
World •, and undir colour of feme danger to Religion by that Holy
League-^ (he brings all the Proteftant Princes of 6'frw4;ijy j-q confederate
with her.
15. And now the Queen of 5fWj is brought to a publickTryal, acce-
lerated by a new Confpiracy of Babington^Tichborn, and the reft-' iii
Avhich nothing was defigned without her privity. And it is very fti'ance
to fee how generally all forts of people did contribute toward her de-
ftruftion •, the £/7^///Z' Proteftants, uponan honeft apprehenfion of the
Dangers to which the Perfon of their Queen was fubjed by fo many
Coiifpiracies .• tha Bur itans^ for fea.T left fte ftiould bring in Popery a-
gain, if (lie came to the Crown : the Scots^ upon the like conceit of 0-
ver-chrowing their Presbyteries, and ruinating the whole Machina of
their Devices, if ever Hie lliould live to be Q^ieen of England. The
■Earl'of £wf/f>- an:^ his Fadlioninthe Court, had their Ends apart 5
\vhich was, To bring the Imperial Crown of this Realm, by fome
means or other, into the Family of the Dudley's. His Father had before
defigned it, by marrying his Son GuilfordvAth the Lady ^ane^ defcended
from the younger Sifter of K. Henry tht Eighth. And he projedstofet
it on the Head of the Earl of //■««///?^/(?«, who had married his Sifter,
and looked upon himfelf as the dired Heir of George Duke of Cla-
rence. And that they might not want a Party of fufficient ftrenoch to
advance their Intereft, they make themfelves the Heads of the P«r/M/«
FadioQ
Fadlion ^ the Earl of Leke(ier in t!ie Court, and the Earl of Huntingdon
in the Countrey. For him, he obtaintth of the Qieen the command
of the Norths under the Title of Lord Preftdent of the Couficel tnTork->io
keep out the Scots: and for himfdf, the Conduct of the ^^^^///i Armies
whichfervedinthcLow-Countreys, to raakefureofall. He takes a
courfe alfo to remove the Imprifoned Queen from the Earl of shrews-
yr% and commits her to the euftodyof Pmlet^ znADrurj, two noto-
rious Puritans, though neither of them were fo bafe as to ftrve his
turn when he praftifed on them to aifaflinate her in a private way, I
take'no pleafure in recounting the particulars of that Horrid Ad, by
which aSoveraign Queen,lawfully Crowned and Anoinced,was brought
to be arrai'^ned before the Subjefts of her nearelt Kinfwoman, or how
{he was convided by them ^ what Artifices were devifed to bring her
to the fatal Block 5 or what diffimulations pradifed to palliate and ex-
cufe that Murther.
16. AH I iliall note particularly in this woful ftory, is the behaviour
of the^f<'^^,CImeanthei're'j/')'?fr/) whobcing required by the King to
recommend her unto God in their publick Prayers, refufedmoft un.
chriftianly fo to do, except only I><iW(i XWf/rf)' at LeJih, and the Kings
own Chaplains. And yet the Form of Prayer prdcrlbed, was no more
then this. That it might fleii[e Codto lUuminate htrwiih the Light if his Truths
and (ave her from the aff are nt danger wherein [Jie n\is cafi. On wliich de-
fault, the King appointed folemn Prayers to be made for her in tdert-
borouTh, on the third of februarj ^ and nominates the Arch-billiop of
St. Andrews to perform that Office. Which being underftood by the
Miniftcrs, they ftirred up one ^ohn Cooper, a bold young man, and not
admitted into Orders, of their o\yn conferring to invade the Pttlpit, be-
fore the Bifhop had an opportunity to take the place : Which being no-
ted by the Kinc, he commanded him to come down, and leave the Pul-
pit to the Biflio^ps, as had been appointed •, or otherwife, to perform the
Service which the Day required. To which the favvcy Fellow anfwer-
ed That he would do therein, according as the Spirit of God jhould direct
him in it. And then perceiving that the Captain of the Guard was
comin<^ to remove him thence^ he told the King with the fame impu-
dence as before. That this dayflwuld he a wttnefs againfi him in the Great
Day of the Lord: And then denouncing a Woe to the Inhabitants of
Edenhoreugh, he went down, and the Bifhop of St. Andrews entring the
Pulpit, did the Duty required. For which intoUerabAe Affront, Co.per
was prefently commanded to appear before the Lords of the Council,and
he took with him Vf'atfon and Belcanqtial, two of the Preachers of Eden-
horoufrh^ for his two Supporters : Where they behaved themfelves with
fo little reverence, that the two Minifters were difcharsed from preach-
ing in Edenberough, and Cooper was fent Prifoner to the Caftleof £/4f^-
nefs. But fo unable was the King to bear up againft them, that having
a threat defire that Montgomery, Arch-bifliop of Glafcow, might be abfol-
vcdfrom the Cenfures under which he lay, he could no otherwife ob-
tain it, than by releafing this Cooper, together with Gibfon before- men-
tioned, frorn their prefent Imprifonment: which, though it were yeelded
toby t!ie King, upon condition that Gy/'/ij;? fliould make fome acknow-
ledgment of his Offence in the face of the Church •, yet, after many tri-
Lib. VIII. ci^e ^iftdjt of tf^t ^tt^htUmm; 27^
flings, and much cergiverfation, he took his flight into England^ where
he became a ufeful Inftrument in the Holy Caufe.
17. For fo it was, thatnotwithftanding the Promife made to Arch-
bifliop Whitgift, by Leiceftcr^ Walfingham, and the reft, as before is faid,
they gave luch encouragements under-hand to the Presbyterians, that they
refolved to proceed toward the potting of the Difcipline in execution
though they received fmall countenance in it from the Queen and Par-^
liament. Nor were thofe great Perfoiis altogether fo unmindful of
th.m, as not to entertain their Clamours, and promote their Petitions
at the Council-Table, crolHng and thwarting the Arch-bifliop when-
foever any Caufe which concerned the Brethren, had been brought be-
fore them. Which drew from him fcveral Letters to the Lords of the
Council, each fyllable whereof, (for the great Piety and Modefty
which appears in them)defervcs to have been written in Letters of Gold.
Now the fum of thefe Letters, as they are laid together by S\t Ceero-e
2-auli is asfoUoweth.
18. Godknows^ {^aith he) how ■ defiretts I have been from time te tithe ^ t6
have my doings approved by my ancient and honoitrable Friends : for which
caufe ^Ji/iCe my coming to this place, I have done nothing of importance ao-ainfi.
thefe SeStartes^ without good Advice. I have ri fen up early, and fate up Ute,
to yield Reasons, and make Jnfiver to their Contcntio,is, And their Seditious ob-
]ckions. Andfiall I now fay, I have loft my labour ? Or, fhall my \uft deal-
ing with difohedient and irregular perfons, caufe my former prof eficd and ancient
friends to hinder my ]uft proceedings, andrnxke them fpeA of my doings, yeay
andofmyfelf^whatthey lift ? Solomon faith. An old Friend is better then
anew : I truft thofe that love me indeed, will not fo lightly caft oft' their old
Friends, for any of thefe neiv f angled and faff ,00^ Sectaries, wbofe fruits are
to make divifion, and tofeparate old and a^ured Friends. In my own private
Jffairs, I know ifh.illftandin need of Friends ; buttn thefe publick Anions,
I fee no caufe why iflwuUfeek any^ f^^^S ^^H ^° ^f^<"^ '^^f <^*re of the Commjji'
wealth is committed:, ought cf duty therein to joyn with me. And if my honou-
rable Friends fljiUforfake me {ejpecially info good a Caufe) and not put their
helping-hand to the redrefs of thefe Enormities, {being indeed a matter of State,
and not of the Uaft moment) I jhall think my coming unto this Place to have
been for my punift^ment ; and my hap very hard, that when I think to deferve
heft ; andinamanner,con(umemyfelftofatisfie that which Cod, Her Ma]efty,
and the Church, requireth of me, ifhouldbe evilly rewarded. Sed meliora Ipe-
ro. // is objected, by fame, that my defire ef Uniformity, by way offnbfcripti-
en, is for the better maintendnce of my Book. They are mine Enemies that fay
fo ; but Itruft my Friends have a better opinion of me Why fhould I feek
for any confirmation of my Book, after twelve years approbation.'' Or what /hall
I get thereby, more thana're dy I have ? Tet,if Sub fcriPtion may confirm it, it
is cofifirm/d lengagohy the Sulfcription ofalmoftall the Clergy 0/ England,
before my time. Mine Enemies likewife, and the ftanderom Tongues ef this
uncharitable Se£{, report that I am revolted, become tfPapift, and I know not
nhat. B'tt it proceedeth from their Leudnefs, aid net from any defert of
mine.
59. lam further burthened with Wilfulnefs : I hope my Friends are better
perfwadcdefme, to.whofe Confidences [ appeal. It isftrange that a man ofimy
plsce
i8o
C^l^ifto?t of m I^?e0lb?tei;tan0; Lib. v in.
phce dealing b) [o good a warrAnt as I do., jhottldkfo encoitmred 5 afid, for
not yetldtng, countedrvilful. But I muft be content, Vincec qui paticur.
There is a difference heimxt Wilfulnefs and Confiancy. 1 have taken ttponm;^
i« the Place ivhich I holdunder Her Majefiy^ the defence of the Relgian A»d the
Rites of the church of England, to aff cafe the Schifms and Se&s therein, to re-
duce all the Mimflers thereof toUntjormitj, and to due obedience, aud rot to
rf^aver mth every wind-, which aljo, my place, my Fcrfoa, the Laws, Her Ma]e-
fiy andthegoodnefsofthe Caufe,do require of me ; and wherein the Lords of
her Hi^hnefs Privy Council , {all things confidered) ought in duty to affifi and
countenance me. I'ut, how is it poffible that I fhould perform what I have under-
taken , after fo long Liberty and lack ef Difciplme , if a few perfonsfo meanly
auali/ed {as moll oj thefe Facitous SeSfancs are) Jhould be countenanced again]}
the whole fate of the Clergy, of greateft account both for Learning, Tears, Stayed-
nefs,Wifdom, Religion, andHonefly-, and open Breakers and Impugners of the
Law lOun? in Tears , proud in Co ceit , contentious in Difpofition , fhould be
maintained againjl their Govermurs, feeking to reduce them to Order and obe-
dience ? H£EC lunt initia H;Ereticorum, & ortus,atque conatus Schifma-
ticorura male cogirantium, ut tibi placeant , ut prafpoiitiim fuperbo tu-
more contemnant •• fie de Eccleiia receditur , fie akare profanura foris
coUocatur, fie contra Pacem Chrifti & Ordinationem, atquc Veritatem
Dei Rebellatur. ThcfirflFrmtsofHereticks, andthefirfl Births and Bn-
deavoitrs ofSchifmaticks, are. To admire themfelves, and m their (w.llingprtde
to contemn any that arefet over them. Thus do men fall from the church of God-,
thus is a Forein Unhallowed Alter erected ; and thus is chrifls Peace , and Gods
Ordination and Unity, rebelled againfl. '
2G. For my own part , I neither have dene , r.or do any thing in thefe mat-
ters which 1 do not think my f elf in Confcience and Duty bound to do, and nh ch
Her M die (I J hath not with carmfl charge committed unto me , and which I am
not well able to juftifie to be moft requfite for this Chnrch and State ; whereof.,
next to Her Majefly, {though mofl unworthy, if ret mv(l unhappy) the ch,cf Care
ts committed to me ; which I wdl not {by the Grace of Ccd) neglect, whatfoever
come upon me therc-for. Neither may I endure their notorious Contempts .,Mn-
lefs I will become i£fopV Block ', and undo all that which hitherto hath been
done. It is certain, that if way begivenunto them , upsn their unji/fi Swmifes
and Clamours ', itwillbethe caufe of that confufon which hereafter the State
will be forry for. I neither care for the honcurof this PLice I hold, {which is
onus unto me') nor the largenefs of the Revenue , neither any Worldl-i thing {[
thank God) in refpeSi of doing my duty, neither do I fear the dfpleafure of man
nor the evil Tongue of the uncharitable , who call me Tyrant, Pope, Knave, and
lay to my charge things that I nevei- did or thought.- bcio enim hoc efse opus
Diaboli, ut lervos Dei mendaciis laceret,&: oplninnlbus falfis-gloriofum
nomen infamet •, ut^ qui Conlcientix (ux hice clarefcunc , alienis Ru-
oribus fordidentur : For I know, that this is the work of that Accufer the De^
vil, that he may tear in pieces the Servants of God with Lyes, that he may diflio -
nour their glorious Name, withfalfefurmifes, that they who through theclearnefs
of their own Confciences are /hining bright, may have the fill h of other mans flan -
ders cafl upon them. So %vas Cyprian himfelfufed, and other Godly Bijlwps, to
whom I am not comparable But that which moft of all grieveth me, arid is to be
wondered at and lamented, is. That fame ofthofe who give countenance to thefe
men^ andcry out for a Learned Miniftry , jl)ouldwatch their opportunity , and be
' ■■ Jnflruments
Lib. VIII. ^i^ fiSoiv Of t^e pit^ti^ttviam, a 8 1
Jnjiruments and Means to place mojl unlearned men in the chief efi Places ^mi
Lfjings of the Mimjiry , thereby to make the fate of the Bilhop andCler<^y cm-
temptihle, and I fear^faUblei This Hjpocnfie andDifemhlmg with God and
Man., {in pretending one things and doing another) goeth to mj heart , and ma-
keth me think .^ that Gods 'judgements are not far off. The day mil come, when
aH mens hearts (hall be opened. In the mean time^ I will depend upon him who ne-
ver faileth thofe that put their trufi in him.
■ .y^
2 1. It may be gathered from this Abftra(a , what a hard Game that-
Reverend Prelate had to play, when fuch great Mafters in the Art , held
the Cards againft him : For at that time the Earls of Hunttn'^ton and
Lcicefter^ Walfmgham Secretary of Eftate, and Knolls Comptroller of the
Houlhold (a profcCsed Genevian,) were his open Adverfaries ; Bnrlei^h^ a
Neutral at the bell j and none but Hstton (then Vice-Qhamberlain, and
afterwards Lord Chancellor) firmly for him. And him he oained buc
lately neither -, but gained him at the lail by the means of Dr. Richard
Bancroft^ his Domeftick Chaplain, of whom we Hiall have caufe to fpealg,
more hereafter. By his procurement he was called to the Council- ta-
ble, at fuch time as the Earl of Leicefler was in Hollands, which put him
into a capacity of going more confi jently on (without checks or crofles,
as before) in the Churches caufe. A thing which Leicefter very much fto-
macked at his coming back •, but knowing it was the Queens pleafure,
hedifguifedhis trouble,and appeared fair to him in the publick, though
otherwife he continued his former favours to the Puritan Fadion. Sa%
of whofe countenance, upon the perfediing and publilhing.of the Book of
Difcipline, they refolved to put the fame in pradife in moft parts of chg
Realm, as they did accordingly. But it was no where better welcome
than it wasiaLondon^ the Wealth and Pride of which City was never
wanting to cheriHi and fupport thofe men which moft apparently oppp-
fed themfelves to the prefcnt Authority , or praftifed the introducing
of Innovations, both in Church and State. The feveral Churches oc
Conventicles rather, which they had in that City, they reduced into one
great and general Claflis , of which Cartrvright^ Egerton ., ot Traverfe
were for the moft part Moderators •, and whatfoever was there ordered'
vvas eftecmed for current •• from thence the Brethren of other places
did fetch their light -, and as doubts did arife , thither they were feat
to be refolved-, the Claffical and Synodical Decrees of other places,
not being Authentical indeed, till they were ratified in this, which they
held the Supreme Confiftory and chief Tribunal of the Nation. But
in the Countr-y , none appeared more forward than they did in iVor-
thamptonPiire, which they divide into three Cla[[es •, that is to fay, the Claf-
fis of Northampton,. Davemry, znd Kettring: and the. device forthwith
19 taken up in moft parts of England^ but elpecially in WarwicL'lhire.. Suf-
folk, Norfolk, E(Jex,8cc. In thefe cla/es they determined in points of Da-
dtrine, interpreted hard places of Sctipture , delivered their Refolution
in fuch cafes of confcience as were brought before them, decided doubts
■and difficulties touching Contradts of Marriage. And whatfoever was
concluded by fuch as were prefent (but ftill with reference to the better
judgement of the London Brethren) became forthwith binding to the
refl i none being admitted into any of theaforefaid C/4|ffj,beforehe hath
O o promifed
j8i Ct)e!^ilio?t of ts^e |^je0t^c«<a«i5. Libviii^
.^
ptomifed under his hand, That he would fubmlt himkli", and be obgdi-
ent unto all fuch Orders and Decrees as are kt do vvh by the Clalfis to be
obferved. At thefe Claflisthey enquired into the Lite ana Dvftrineofall
that hadVubfcribed unto them •, cenlunng fome,uc|.v.ii,ig othurs,us they
faw occafion 5 in nothing more fevere than in ceuluiing thofc who had
formerly ufed the Crofsiu Baptilm, or otheivvik hai been conformabie
to the Rules of the Church. And unto every Claflis there belonged a
Reeifter, who took the Heads of all that paffed, and faw them carefully
entred ina Book for that purpofe, that they might remain upon Record.
" 22. It may feem ftrange , that in a conftituced Church, backed by
Authority of Law, and countenanced by the favour of the Supreme Ma-
ftift^ate • a diftind Government and Difcipline fliould be put in pra<5tife
in contempt of both : but more, that they fhould deal in fuch weighty
matters as were deftrudive of the Government by Law eftablilhed.
Some queftions had before been ftarted at a Meeting in Cambridge , the
final de'cifion whereof,was thought fit to be referred to the CUJJls oUvar-
)ric)&' 'where Cdttwrtght governed as the perpetual Moderator : And they
acco'rdindy afsembling on the tenth day of the fourth Moneth , (for lo
they phrafed it) did then and there determine in this manner following :
That pri'vate BaPtifm is unlawful: That it is not lan-fxl to read Homilies in the
' Chmch : and that theftgn of the Crofs is not to he ufed in Baptifm : That the
Faithful ought not to Communicate tvith unlearr.ed Mintfiers, althou?^h they may
be frefent at their Service , tn cafe they come cfpurpaje to hear a Sermon {the
Hadingof the Service being looked on as a Lay-mans office: ) That the caHing
cf Bifhops^Scc. is ttnUwful: That as they deal in ca^^fes Eccieliafiical, there is no
duti belonging to them,nor any publickly to be given them : That it is not la nful td
he ordained by them into the Mimftry^orso denounce either Sufpenfions or Excom-
munications [ent by their Authority :■ that it is not lawful for any man to reft irt
the Bijh&p deprivation of hm from his Chaige , except upon confultationit feem
good unto his Flock and the Neighbouring Minijhrs ^ but that he continue m the
fame, until he be impelled to the contrary by CivU Force. That it is not lawful to
apmrin a Bijhops Court , but tvith a I'rotejhtion of their unlawfulnefs, , That
Sifh^ps are not to be acknowledged either for Doffors, Elders, or Deacons, as ha^
vin^ no ordmary calling in the Chttrch ofchrifi. That touching the refiauratioit
eftk Ecclefiafiical Difcipline, it eight to be taught to the people (data occafio-
ne) as occafion ffmld ferve •, and that as yet the people are not to be foUicitei
phlickly topraiiife the Difcipline, till they be better inflruciedin the knowledge
Vfii. And finally, that men of better undnflandmg are to he allured privately
io the prefent allowing the Difciplme, and the pra^iife of it, as far as theyfliaUk
wel/ake with the Peace of the Church.
- 25. But here we are to underftand, that thi_s laft caution was fubjoin-
^d in the clofe of dll •, not that they had a <?i^fe of tht Churchs Feace, but
that they were not of fufficient rtrength todifturb the fame, without
dravvinc^ mine on thenifelves % which iome of the moreh^t headed Bre-
thren Were refolved to hazzard: of which they ha J romelofsthis yeif,
by die Tmprifonment oi Barrow , Greenwood, BiUet, ho'idler, and Studlej •,
■who building on their Principles, and following the Example o^ Robert
^wpw, before rem embred, had brake out into open Schifm, when their
itibrecunnino Brethren keptthemfelves within the Pale of t'le Church:
B« thefe we onely touch at now , leaving the further profecution of
them
Lib. VIII. cije ^iUiv of ti)t^ppmtttvmm^.
them to a fitter place : Suffice it that their prefent fuffcriiigs did foji ti-
tle moderate the heats of lome fiery fpirits , that thev refoived to veti-
iiue all for the Holy Dilcipline , as appears by Fam's Letter unto F^eU.
Or zeal to Gods Glory^ (faith he) otir loze to hts chmch^ and the due plm-
i»g of the fame in this Fore headed ylge , fhcnld he fo warm and flir ring m tts at
not to care rvhat ad'venttire rve give^ or what ccnfiircs ive abide^ &c. For other-
rvtfe the Diabolical beldncfs of the J^efitits and ScminArtesxviU cover our faces
w:thjl)afne,8cc. And then he adds, Itkverdy more then tme to rcgifler the
names ofthcfncfi andhstteft Brethren round about onr fever. d dvDellings where-
by to fat the Godly Ccunfel c/Specanus in exectttio:-! ^{'Hott that Specat.ur was
one of the firft Presbyterian Minitters in the Relg/ck Churches) that ois
to fay, Si qitiy objiCiat, Sec. if any mm objeff, Tkat the fetting up the lawful
pra£tife of the Dtfcipline in the Church be hindred by the Civil Ma^jfttate •„ let
the Magiflrdte be freely andmodeflly admonijhed of his duty in it - a.d if he
efiecm to be accowted either a Godly or Chriflian Magiflrate , without doubt he
will admit wholefome Counfels : but if he do not, yet let him he more exactly tn-
^ruBed^ thai he may ferve God in fear, and lend his Authority tn defence of Gods
church and his Glory, Marry if by this way there happen no goodfucccfs-, then
Let the Miniflers of the church execute their Office according to the appointment of
Chrift: for they muji rather obey God than Men. In which lafl point (faith
Pain) we have dvlcftlly failed., nhich now or never fiands us in hand to profecutc
with all celerity, without Imgring or faying fo long for Parliaments. But this
coutifel o^Fain being thought too raili , in regard they could not find i<»
fufficient number of Brethren ro make good the adtion, it was thoughc
fit to add th? caution above mentioned. The hundre J thoufand hands
which they fo much bragged of,were.nGt yet in readiaefs j and therefore
it was wifely ordered, that as yet the whole multitude were not to be al-
lured publickly to the pradUfe of it , until men were better inftruded in
the knowlcJee of fo rare a My fiery : till when, it could not be fafe fot
them to advance their Difcipline in the way of force.
«-,; 24. Now to prepare the people for the entertainment offog.reara
change, it was found necefsary in .the firft place to return an anfwer to
fome Books which had been written in defence of Eplfcopal government:
and in the next to make the Biiliops feem as odious and contemptible in
the eyes of their Profelytes , as Wit and Malice could devife. Dr. John
SridgesDezn 0? Sarum,3.nd afterwards Bifliop of av/W,publiftied a BociJc
JH the year 1 5 87, cntituled A Defence of the Government of the Church of
.England-,intcnd:d chiefly againft£f2;i,but fo that it might ferve to.fatis-
iie the doubts and cavils which had been made ag;iinft that Govern-
ment by the Englifli Puritans. To which an aufwer is returned by fome
zealous Brethren ^ under th^ name of A Dcfeyicc ofjhe Godly Miniflers ,, a-
guinflthefanders of Dr. Bridges. Byidges replies, and.hisReply prod«c.<th
a Rej^yndcr, Anno 1588, bearing thislnfcripcion, 'Oiz., A Defence of the..
Ecclefafiical Difapline againft the Reply of Mr, Bridges. Rn. Some Mafter of
Peter- Houfc in Cambridge, to.ch'ick the fawcin.eis:Q.f ile^rrx , a mod fiery
P.Hritan, publilhed a difcourfe arthcfame tim(e,todeJ:e'.(a his Tollies },and
prefcntly comes out a Libel, entituled, Mr. Some laid open in hii<i^oteurs>
.The Btcthren had been malepert enough-with Dr,.Br/dges^ andmight b's
■jfeought £0 have been malepert enough w^h Dr. 5o>»e, if they had not
'tarried themfclves with far more irreverence towatlls^irhe Archbifhop
O 0 2 . and
■ ■ ■■ — ■ ■- — — - - ■ ■ "■■ — ■ ~^-' ■ ' ■ """"■ - - " ■— — ■ ■■■'
and the reft of the Sacred Hierarchy: Fornovv , in prDfeCutiohof the
other part of their defign, which was. To make the Billiops odious and
contemptible in the eyes of their Profelytes •, four of the raofl: tVditiouir
of all the Pack, (that is to fay, Penrie^ Throgmorton, UdaU ■:\xii FCf^ner')
lay their heads together. From which conjundion there proceejed
fuch a fwarmof pcftiferous Libels , that the like mifchief (neither in
nature nor in number) did never exercife the patience of a Ghriftian
State. The Authors of them masked under the borrowed name o{ Mar-
tin Mar-Prelate •, which Title they had taken on themfelves, not without
good cauie , as may appear unto any which have looked into thefepar-
' ticulars •, that is to fay. The Eftfile to the Convocation Houfe : The Epitome i
The Demonjiration of Bifcipline : The Supplication: Diotrepks: Martins Mi-
nerals : Have you any work for a Cooper: Penry J Epifiles fmt from Scotland :
Thefes Martintanx , or Martin junior : The Protejtativn of Mdrtin : niartin
Senior : More work for the Cooper : A Hialopte., fetting forth the Tyrannical
dealing of the B-fjops againft Gods children. Read ovt r Dr. Bridges^ &c.
with many others of the like ftrain , of which it is hard to fay, whether
their malice or uncharitablenefs had the moft predominancy.In all which
doings, Cartmight \vzs either of the council in the firft defign, or with-
out doubt a great approver of them npon the poft-fad -, and ther'nipnn
he is affirmed to have ufed thefe words , Thatfince the Bifhops lives would
not amend hy grave Books and Advmifements ^ it was fit they fhouldhe fedealt
mth to their further frame.
aj. For Printing thefe peftiferous Libels, they chiefly madeufeof
Walgrave's Prefs, which he removed from place to place, for his greater
fafety -, that is to fay , at Motdfcy, near Kingfien upon Thames , thence to
Faujlf in Northampto«lhire:,{o to Norton ; afterwards to Coventry ^tluA fo to
WeUtome in Warrvickfhire •, and from thence, finally to the Town of Man-
chefter ., where both the Workmen and the Prefs were feizedon by the
Earl of Darbj , as they were Printing the bold Pamphlet, called More
jV^rk for Cooper. For the difperfi-ng of thefe Libels, they made ufe of one
Newman a Cobler, a fellow fit for fuch a bufmtfs -, and it had been great
pity if they had employed any other Inftrument. But for their counte-
nance and fupport, efpeciallyas to the bearing of their charges) they
hadthePurfe o( Knightly of Eaufiey ^ (atwhofe Houfe fome of them
were Printed) being a Gentleman of good Note , but of greater Zeal,
whom Snape and other leading men of that County had inveigled to
them. But he and all the reft might have payed dear for it, if he whom
they moft wronged, had not ftood their Friend: For, being called into
the- St4r- Chamber , and there deeply cenfured, they were upon fubmif-
fion at the humble and moft earneft fuit ofcthe Archbilhop, releafed
from their Imprifonment , and their Fines remitted. And Jt is worth
the'bb-fervation, That the Puritans weire then moft bufie, as well in fet-
tins up their Difcipline , as in publi(hing.tliefe Railing and Seditious
Pamphlets, wheivthe Spaniards were hovering on the Seas with their ter-
rible Navy. At what time they conceived^and that not improbably,that
thfe ©&een and Council would be other wife bufied, than to take notice of
their praftifes , or. fupprefs theirxloings 5 otTather that thev durft not
Call' th^ht into queftion for their words andaaions,for fear of alienating
the affettidns of fo ft tong a party as they had Toifed to themfelves. The
ferious
Lib. VIII. cije i$mn of t^t^imttttian^, i^
feriousapprehenfi'in'of which mifchievous Counfels, prevailed Co far
m Leicefler and VTalfi/i^ham^ that they did abfolutely* renounce any fur-
ther iiiterccffion f6r thent^ ^ profefftng. That they had beenhorribly a-
bufedwidi their Hypocrifie 5 which poifibly might happen better for
themfelves, than it did for the Church 5 the Earl of Leicefter '^oim te
hu own PUce^ before the end of this year •, and WdfinghAm beina gathered
to his Fathers within two years after. . =5 &
26. lamafhamcd torake in thcfe filthy Puddles, thouoh it be rie-
cefl^ary that the bottom of the Cinque be opened, that notice may be
taken of that ftinch and putrefci<5lion which proceeded from them. In
which rtfp.-ct I hope the Reader will excufe me, if I let him know' that
they could find noothcr Title for the Arch-Billiop of C^/?/fr^//ry,' then
•Bek^ehub oiCxnUrbttn^ Pofe of LAmheth^ the Cintabury-Carafhai-, Efau^ a
Mo n fir CMS Antichrtfitan Pope, A mofi bloody Oppofer of Gods S aim, Avery
AntichrifliiM Beaf^ A moft v/le andcurfed Tyrant. They tell us further of
this humble and meek-ipirited man, that no Bijhop ever had fuch anafpi-
ringand amvttionsmind as he -^ no., not Cardinal Wolfey: None fo proud as
he, no, not Stephen Gardiner of Wine hefter : None fo tyran.ical as he • no
»tf/Bonn.r the mtchtr if London. In generaU he tells usboth ofhim'^-
and the rL-lt of the Bilhops, That they :xvt Unlawful: Unnatural Falfe^ and
B^ftardly Governotirs of the Church, the Ordinances of the Devil, Petty Popes^
Petty Antichrifts., Incarnate Devils., B/fhopsof the Devil, Comng, Coz," i»l
Knaves, and mil lye like Dogs. That they are Proud, Prpifh, Prefumptuo:^
Prophatie, Paltry, Pejlilent, PerniciOM Prelates andUfurpers •, hnerhi:s of God,
and the moftpefiilent Enemies of the State ; and. That the mrfi Puritan in
England, f/rf« Hone fer man th.m the befl Lord Bi^op in Chrificndom/^Qt
do they fpeak any better of the Inferior Clergy, than they do of the
Bilho^TS ', of whom they tell us in like manner. That they are Popilh
Priefii or Mod ^, or Friars, or Ale-haunters, or Bop and Lads, or Drun-
kards and Dolts, That they will tvear a Foe Is Hood for a Living -fake : Thaf
they ar? Hogs, Do^s, Wdves, Fo.K-es., Simoniacks, Ufurpers, Proi:tors of Anti-
ehrifts- inventions, Vopifh chap-men , halting Neutrals, greedy Dogs to pi
ikir Pa'mches, u multitude of defperate and forlorn Athejp a Curbed, tl»-
iircumciffd, Murthering Generation , a Crew or Hoop of Bloudy ' Soul-
Muriherers ., and Sacnlegiom Church- Robbers, and Followers (f AHti-
chriji.
■ ^7. Behold the Bifhops and Clergy in their Convocation arid we
fliall fee them termed by one of the Captains of this Crew, W^/ Pu-
jffant, poy(on£d,pcrf(Cutjng, ani terrible Priefis^ Clergie-Majlersofthe Convo-
cation-Houfe, the Holy- League of fubfcriptien, the Crew ofmonftroinand un-
godly Wretches., that mingle Heaven and Earth together : Homed Mongers
oftheConfpiration-HoHfe,AnAntichriftan Swmijf) Rabble, Enemies of the '
Gofpel, mojl covet om wretched Popilh Priefts, and the Convocation- Houfe of De-
vils, and Belzebub of Canterbury the chief of thefe Devils. The like
Reproaches they beftow on the Common-Prayer, of which they fay
That it is full of Corruption ; afidthat injnj of the Contents thereof, are a-
gainfi the Word of God, the Sacraments wickedly m.mgledand probhanedtherc-
Jn, the Lords Supper not eaten, biii made a Pageant or Stage-play^ and that the
Fohft ofpubltck Bapiifm, is fullofcbildifh Superflitiotts toys. So that we are
Tijt to admire, if the ^r^^Jv-^/y?^ pleafe themfelves in their feparation from
a
287" 'S;i^l^tfto?toft^i^?^^^^^^^a^^^' Lib.yiii.
a church fo polluted aad unreformed,' from men fo wicked and pro-
phane, from/«r^4«.S/«^' of Satan^ (nchiL Den of Devils. But muchlefs
can we wonder that the Papifts fhould make ufeof thefe horrible Slan-
ders not only to confirm, but encreafe their Party, by lli^wing them
from the Pens of their greateft Adverfaries, what ugly Monftets had
theGoverument of the Church of England:, from what Impieties they
were preferved, by not joyning with them. One, I am fure, that is,
Parfons m his ^ook oi Three Converfions^ reports thefe Calumnies and
Slanders for undoubted Truths: That MArtin Mar-Prelate is affirmed
by Sir Sdw'we i'^W)'^, to pafs in thofe times for unqucftion'd Credit in
the Court oi Rome his Authority much infifted on to difgrace this
(,)Aftiiant Church-, and finally, that (/t) iff/Z-r/ij^, one of later date, doth build as
Ep;/M;«»jCan- j^y^}^ x^^q^ the Credit of thefe Libels, to defame the Clergy, as if they
p/SS'.- had been dilated by the fame Infallible Spirit which the Pope pretends
p.m,p-incipm ^Q^ Such cxccUent Advantages didthsfe Saints give unto the E)evil
f'^Tiw""^'- that all the Lecufts inihe Revelation vfhlch cam out of the pit, nevcx cre-
jamim^mn- ^ted fo much fcandal to the Primitive times.
ftrojiim, Ann- ^g^ y^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ Clamours, or at the leaft to flop the mouths of thefe
f5X?^V Railing J?rf^/7jfc^<i'^, that fo the abufed people on all fides might be un-
jlim-^dm ail- ^jg^-giyed as good a courfe was took by whitgift and the reft of the
'AnZ%- Prelates', as Humane Wildom could devifc. For firft a grave diu
mes,ferni[i- j-Q^rfe is publiflied in the year next following, entituled, A/i Admomtion
tlldlmiom to the feofle of England, in anfwer to the flanderous Untruths of Marttn
Mofiachis, Li- the Libeller : But neither this nor any other grave Kcfutal, would ever
f-SpoS- pat them unto filence, rill they were undertaken by Tom Najh, a man of
boi,,&c.W2- a Sarcaftical and jeering Wit: who by fome Pamphlets written in
fon.l.3.c.i6. ^j^^ jjj^g jQQJ-g yf^y^ which he called Pafquill, and Marfonits^ The Cetmter-
Scuffle-, PapPs with a Hatchet, and the like, flopped their mouths for e-'
ver none of them daring tj deal further in that Commodity, when they
fa-wwhat coynthey fliouldbepaid in by fo frank a Cuftomer. Men-
tion was made before of a forty Pamphlet, entituled, The Complaint of
,tke Commons for a Preaching- Mixtflrj, which Penry feconded by another
called.by the Name of, A 5«fp//f4?/o/? for Preaching in Wales: In both
which it was intimated to all lorts of people. That the Gofpel had no
free paflaf^eamongfl us: That there was no care taken for Preach-
ing^ the Word of God for the inflrudionof the people-, for want where-
of^they ftill remained in darknefs and the fliadow of death. For the
decrying of which fcandalous and leud fuggeflions, Order was given un-
to the Bilbops to take the Names and Number of the Preachers in
their feveral DioctfTts, and to prefent a true and perfcd Catalogue of
them in the Convocation, which was then at hand. By which Re-
turns it will appear. That at this lime when fo much noife was made
for want of Preaching, there were within the Realm of England-, and
the Dominion of Wales, no fewer then Seven thoufand four hundred
fixty three Preachers and Catechifers -, which lafl may be accounted
the beft fort of Preachers for the inftrU(5lion of the people; Of which
oreat Number there were found to be no fewer then one hundred forty
five Doctors in Divinity , three hundred forty eight,Batchcllors of Di-
vinity, thirty one Dehors of both ^ws-j^,tvventv gn^ BatcheUors.of
■'■ ^- .-'^ "■*■ '':!,, , '■ ' the
Lib. vHi. , cije i$nm of t%z ^mh^mm^i-- - ^^
the fame •, Eighteen hundred Mafters in Arts, Nine hundred forty fii
Batchirtors of Arts, and two thoufand leven hundred forty fix' Catechl "
fers; So that n-.ichi'r the number of bare R-ading-Minifters was fo o<reaf" '
iior the waat of Preaching fo deplorable, in moil pares of the Kin*?{oni'-
as thofe Pamphlets made it -, the Authors whereof ought rather to^h'aV^
magn.'fiei chj Name of God for fending fuch a large Encreafe of L^l''
bourers in his Heavenly Husbandry,as could not any where bepai'alkM^
ia fo lliofC a time y there pafling no morethan thirty yeai^s between th^-
firft beginning of Queen Elizabeths Reign, Snd' £hei'endi'in<'of thisa^^-^
caunttothe Coavocarion'. ^
29. And that the Parliament might receive the fame fatlsfacaion ^
rtGlf excellent and judicious Sermon was Preached at St. Pauls Crofs ofr
Stndaj the ninth of February, being the firft Sunday after their Affem
bling, by Dr. Rich.ird Bancroft, being then Chaplain to the Lord Chan^'
cdlor HMon, preferred within forae few years after to the See of Lori-
dm, and from then(feto Canterbury. In the performance of which Service'
he feledled fir the Theam or Subjed of his Difcourfe, i ^^hnx. i viz
Burly bdovd, beliew not every [pint, but try the fpirits whether they he c'f
God -.for ?Ka»yfalfe prophets are gone out im the world. In canvafing which
Tfxt, he did fo excellently fet forth the falfe Teachers of thoR; times
i:T -.heir proper colours, their Railing againft Bifliops, their Ambition,
th'ir felf-love, their Covetoufnefs, and all fuch Motives as had fpur-
re< them on to difturb this Church, asfatisfied the greateft part of that
hu^e Congregation, touching the Pradiifes and Hypocrifies of theft
hoy Brethren. He alfo ihewed ort what a Weak Foundation they had
bu'lt their Difcipliae, of which notraftor footfteps could be found in
Chf Church of Chriit from the Apoftlesdays to Calvin-, and with what
Infamy the ^m^;? Hereticks were reproached in the Primitive times
forlabouring tt) introduce that Parity which thefe men de/ianed He
further laid before them the great danger which muft need's enfue if
ptivate men fliauldtake upon them to deny ordifpufe fuch matters
ashad been fetled in the Church by fo good Authority: A^ainft which
n«c'ublefomeHumour many Provifions had been made by tfe Canons of
Councils, and the E jids of Godly and Religious Emperors. To which
he added, the necefficy of requiring Snbfcription, in a Church well
GOi(ntured,byallthe Miniftersof thefame, which he juftitiedby the
eximple of Geneva, and the Churches of Germany, to be the beft w'av
totry the [pints whether they k of God or not, as his Text required' Next
hf infifted on the excellency of the Common-Prayer-Book, applauded
bythe Divines 6f Foreign Churches, approved by ^ffr^;-, Fox Jlelfu/
tte Parliaments and Convocations of this Kingdom ^ and after iuflifi'
edby Arch-biHiop Cranf»er againft the Papifts, by Biihop Ridley a-
gan'ft Knox, and by divers others : fliewing withal, the many arofs Ab-
furdities found in m^w/'flr.ir; Prayers, to the great dilhononr^of God
ard the iliame of Religion. Hence he proceeds to juftifie the Superio-
riy ofBidiops, and the Supremacy of the Queen, together with the
dc-ngerous Praftices and Defigns of the Difciplinarians, exemplified M
tbir Proceedings i^n',6V^^/4;?i, and their Pofitions in England, of which
m)reanon. All which particulars, with many more upon the by he
pnved with fuch evidence of demonftration,fuch great variety of Lear-
ning,
^^g Cl^^ifto^t of ti?e ^?e0bttertatt0. Lib, \ iii
lune, and ftrength of Arguments, that none of all that party coulcl be
found to take Arms againft them, in defence either of their Icud Do-
Ifrine or more fcandalous W/a. And this being done, he clofed up all
with a grave and ferious Application^ in reference to the prevalency
and malignity of the prefent Humours : which wrought fo much upon
his Auditors of bothHoufes of Parliament, that in the pafling of a ge-
neral pardon at the end of the Seflions, there was Exception cf Sedt-
tiota Seoks^ Difiurbances ef Divine Service^ and offences agatnfi the A^ ofU:- •
mformity m the Worihif of God.
20. And yet it is not altogether improbable, but that this Exceptioa.
was made rather at the Queens Command, or byfome Caveat iuter-
pofed by the Houfe of Peers, than by the fole Advice, or any voluntarir
Motion of the Hoqfe of Commons-, in which the Puritans at that tims
had a very flrong Party. By whofe Endeavour, a fmart Petition
is pcefented to the Lords, in the Name of the Commons, for redifying
of many things which they conceived to be amifs in the (late of the
Church. The whole Petition did confift of Sixteen particulars, of
which the firft Six did relate to a Preaching-Miniftry •, the want of
which, was much complained of in a Supplication which had bem
lately Printed and prefenteJ to them ^ but fuch a Supplication, as hid
more in it of a Fadious and Seditious Libel, then of a Dutiful Remo:i-
ftrance. In the other ten it was defired, That no Oath or Suhfcriptm
m'liht be tendredto cm) at their entrance into the Miniffry^ hut fuch as waspe-
fcribedbythe Statutes of the Realm, and the Oath a^air'f corrupt entring. i-Tkt
they may not be troubled for omiffion of fome Rites or offices prefer ibed in he
Book cf Common- Prayer. 3. That fuch ai hadbeenjufpended or deprived^
no other offence., but only for not fub[cribtng,migbt be rejiored. 4. That tiey
may not be called and urged to aufrver before the officials and Commi^ares^
but before the Bif^JOps themfehes. 5. That they might not be called into \he
Hi^h Ccmmffion;, or Moot of the Dioccfs where they livedo except for fome nia-
hie offence. 6. ThiXt it might be permitted to them ^ in every Arch-Deacon y,
to have fome common Exercifes and Conferences amonzft themfelves^ to be Uni-
ted 4nd p'Cfcribed by the Ordinaries. 7. Thatthehigh Cenfure of Excomnu-
nication maj not be denounced or executed for [mall matters. % . ■ Nor by Clm-
cellors Commifsioners or officials., but by the B/[Jiops themfehes^ with the aji-
fiance of grave perfons. 9- Th.it Non-refidency may be quite rcffioved outlof
the Church. Or^ to. That 4t kafi^ according to the Queens In]unBions (At.
44,) no Non-r'cfidcnt hiving already a Licenfe or Faculty., may enjoy it.,unle[sm
depute an able Curate, that may weekly Preach and Catechife., as was reqtt!redvy_
Jler Afajeffy in thefaid In]unBions. Againlt the violence of this Torretr,
Arch- birnoprr/w_f///'interpolcd both his Power and Reafon ^ affirmii^
with a fober confidence, in the Houle of Peers, not only that Englmd
flourilhed more at that time with able Minlftcrs, than ever it had doie
before •, but that it had more able men of tminent Abilities in all paits
of Learning, than the_ reft of C^r{/?fWflw<? befides. But, findiiig thir
the Lord Gray., and otKers of that Houfe, had been made of the' Parly,
jiedrew thereft of theBifhopsto joyn with him in an humble Addrtfs
to Her Sacred Majefty •,. in which they reprefented to Her the true eftite
of the Bufinefs, together with thofe many Inconveniences which m^ft
needs acife to the State prefent and to come, to the two Univer{ities,to
i\\
Lib.viiL ^I^i^ifto?poft^e|0?e0jj^tenan^,. i8^
all Cathedral Churches, and the Queen her felf,if the Commons mi^ht
have had their will, chough in no other Point than in that of Pluralities,
All which they preft with fuch a dutiful and Religious Gravity, that
the Queen put an end to that Difpute, not only for the prefent, but all
Parliaments following.
31. Somewhat there muft be in it, which might make them fo a-
fraid of that Subfcripcion which was required at their hands to the
Queens Supremacy, as well to the Confecration of Archbifhops and Bi-
fhops, to the Liturgy, and to the Articles of Religion by Laweftablifh-'
ed : and therefore it will not be amifs ( as we have done already in all
places elfe) to touch upon the Piinciples and Pofitions of our Englijh Pu- '
ritans , that we may fee what harmony and confent there is betwixc
them and their dear Brethren of the Difciplinein other Nations^ For if
we look into the Pamphlets which came out this Year , we fhall find
thefe Dodrines taught for more Sacred Truths, ifiz,. That if Princes dd
hinder them that feek for this DifcipUne , they are Tyrants both to the Church
ani Minifler •, and being fo, may be depofed by their Sttbje^s. That no Civil
Magif rate hath preeminence by ordinary Authority ^either to determine ef Church
'caufes , or to make Eccleftafical Orders and Ceremonies. That no Civil Ma-
gffirate hath fuch Authority , as that without his confent it fwuld not be lawful
for Eccleftaftcalferfons to make and fublift) church Orders, That they which
are no Elders of the Church ^have nothing to do with the Government of it. That
if their Reformation be not hafned forward by the Magiflrate^ the Satbjelfs ou^ht
not any longer to t*rryfcr it., butmitfl do it tlnmfelves. That there were mam
thoiifands which def red the Difcif line : And that great troubles would enfue if
it were denied them. That their Presbyteries muft prevail'. And that if it be
brought about by fuch ways and n%eans as would mjke the Bifhops hearts to ake
let them blame themfehes. For explication of which laft pafifage, Mar-
tin Mar- Prelate in Ins firft Book threatens ondy fijls • but in the fe-
•cond he advifeth the Parliament then akemblcd^to put down Lord BiPiops,
and bring in the Reformation which thef looked for , whether Her Majefty would
or not. ^ '" ' . .
32. But thefe perhaps were only the Evaporations of fome id>e heads,
the freaks of difconrent and paffion, when they were crofsed in their
defires : Let us fee therefore what is taught by Thomas Cartwright , the
very Calvin o^ the Englijh 5 as highly magnified by Martin., and the reft
of that Fadti Mi,as the other was amongft the French. Dr. fJardin^ in his
anfwer to Bilhop Jwe/afsures us. That the Office of a King is the fame
in aU places, not only amongft Chrinians,buc amongft the Heathen. Up-
on which premifes he concludes, That a Chriftian Prince hath no more
to do in deciding of Church matters , or in making Cereftionies and Or-
ders for the fanie, than hath a Heathen. Cartwright affirms himfelf to be
of the fame bpinion-,profe(Ting ferioufly his diflike of all fuch Writers as
put a difference between the rights of a PrOphane and a Chriftian Ma*r-
ftrate.5/ieM«/^^,a {\.\^ Presbyterian'vn the the Belgick Provinces,makes adi:-
ftin(aion betwe-n potefta^ Eac7t.,Z[\dpoteftas^urii; and then infers Upoii
the feme , That the Authority of determining what is fit to be done,
belongs of right unto theMinifters of the Church, though the executi-
on of the fa6t in Civil caufes doth properly appertain to the Supreme
Magiftratf. And more than thi5,the greateft Clerks amongft thcmfelves
P p would
290 C^l^oif of tl)e?&ie0ij|tctten!5. Lib.viit
would not give the Queen. If (he affume unto her felf the exercife of
her farther Power , in ordering matters of the Church according to the
lawful authority which is inherent in the Crown , fhe (hall prefently be
compared unto all the wicked Kings, and others , of whom we read in
the Scriptures ; that took upon them, unlawfully to intrude themfelves
into the Priefts Office 5 as unto Saul, for his offering of Sacrifice •, unto
oRoi for burning Incenfe upon the Altar •, unto Gideon^ for making of
an Efhod : and finally, to NAdab and Abthu^ for offering with flrange.fire
unto the Lord. '?-! yi:
33. According to thefe Orthodox and found refolves, they hold a Sy^
nod in St. John's CoUedge in Cambridge, taking the opportunity oi Stur-
hrid<re Fayr, to cloak their Meeting for that purpofe. At which Synod
{finrtwr'tght and Ferkins being prefent amongft the reft j the whole Book
Difcipline, reviewed by Traverfe^ and formally approved of by the Bre-
thren in their feveral ClaiTes, received a more Autheutick approbation:
infomuch, that firft it was decreed amongft them , That all which
would might fubfcribe unto ir,without any neceflity impofed upon them
fo to do. But not long after it was made a matter necefrary,fo necefsa-
ry, asitfeems that nomancould bechofen toany Ecclefiaftical Office
amongft them , nor to be of any of their Afsemblies , either Claflical)
Provincial,or National,till he had firft fubfcribed to the Book of Difci-
pline. Another Synod was held at Jffwich^not long after, and hcrefults
of both confirmed in a Provincial and National Synod held in London^
which gave the Book of Difcipline a more fure cftablifhment than an
Aft of State. It is reported, that the night before the great Battel in
the Fields of The(Jaly^betwixt C^far and Pomfey^ the Fomfejan party was fo
confident of their good fuccefs , that they caft Dice amongft themfelves
for all the great Offices and Magiftracies of the City oi Rome , even to
the Office of the chief Priefthood, which then C^/4r held. And the
like vanity or infatuation had pofsefsed thefe men, in the opinion which
they had of their their ftrength and numbers.- Infomuch that they en-
tered into this confideration , how Archbiftiops, Bidiops, Chancellors,
Deans,Canons,Arch-Diacons, Commifsaries,Regifters,Apparitors,d^r.
(all which by their pretended Reformation muft have been thruft out of
their Livings) fhould be provided for, that the Common- wealth might
not be thereby peftered with Beggars. And this they did upon the confi-
dence of fome unlawful affiftance to effeft their purpofes , if neither the
Queen, nor the Lords of the Council j nor the Inferior Magiftrates in
their feveral Counties (all which they now foUicited with more heat
than everj (hould co-operate with them. For about this time it was,
that Cartwright in his Prayer before his Sermon was noted to have ufed
thefe words , 'viz, Becaufe they (meaning the Bifhops) which ought to be
pillars in the Church ^coTnbine themselves agawjl chrifi- and his Truth 5 there-
fore^ 0 Lord , give us Grace and Fewer, all as one man , to fet our fives
agamft them. Which words he ufed frequently to repeat , and to re-
peat with fuch an earneftnefs of fpirit , as might fufficiently declare
that he had a purpofe to raife. Sedition in the State , for the impofing of
that Difcipline on the Church of England , which was not likely
IQ; be. countenanced by any lawful Authority 5 which put the Queen
to-^':nece(rity of calling him, and all the reft of them, to a better
■ ; '■. account t
Lib. VIII. -wf^ i$iiim of t^e Pie^hfUvim^, 2^ i
account ; to which they ihall be brought in the year next follow-
ing.
33. In the mean time we muft pafs over into Fr4ffce , where we find
Henry the Third , the hft King of the Houfe of Falo/fe , mofl miferably
deprived of his Life and Kingdom 5 driven out of Farts firfl by the Gut-
fianVatStion'j and afterwards aflalTinated by 5^^^^^^ C/^;^^^^ ^ a Domini-
can Fryat, as he lay at St. Cloud, attending the redudion of that ftub-
born City. Upon whofe death the Crown defcended lineally on Henry
of Bourbon , King of Navarre , and Duke of Fendofrne, as the next Heir
Male : For the excluding of which Prince , and the reft of that Houfe,
the Hely League was firft contrived , as before is faid. There was at
that time in the late Kings Army , a very ftrong Party of French Catho-
licks , who had preferred their Loyalty to their natural Prince before
the private Inttreft and clefigns of the Houfe of Guife 5 and now general-
ly declare in favour of the true Succeflbr. By their aflirtance, and the
concurring Forces of the Hugonot Fadion , it had been no hard mattef
for him to have Maftered the Duke oi Mame , who then had the com-
mand of the Gmfian Leagues. But in the laft he found himfelf deceived
of his expedlation. ThtHugonots, which formerly had obferved with
foftiuch chcerfulnefs under his command their King , Would not now
ferve him in his juft and lawful Wars againft his enemies ; Or if they
did, itihall bedoae upon conditions fo intolerable, that hemioht better
have pawned his Crown to a Forein Prince , then on fuch terms to buy
the favour of his Subjetfls. They looked upon him as reduced to a creat
neceflity moft of the Provinces, and almoft all the principal Cities ^ ha-
ving before engaged againft Henry the Third^and many others fallin'^ off
when they heard of his death. So that they thought the new Kin^^was
not able to fubfift without them ; and they refolved to work their own
ends out of th at necefftty. Inftead of leading of their Armies, and run-
ning cheerfully and couragioufly towards his defence, who had fo oft
defended them, they fent CommilTionersor Delegates to negotiate with
him, that they may know to what conditions he would yee Id for their
future advantage, before they adted any thing in order to his prefervation:
and their conditions were fo high, fo void of all refpecSs of Loyalty, and
even common honefty , that he conceived it fafer for him, and far more
honourable in it felf , to caft himfelf upon the favour of the Queen of
England^ then condefcend totheirjinreafonableand unjuft demands. So
that in fine the Hugonots to a very great number , forfook him moft dif-
loyally in the open Field, drew off their Forces, and retired to their feve-
ral dwellings, inforcing him to the ncceffity of imploring fuccours from
the profelTed enemies of his Crown and Nation. Nor did he find the
Queen unwilling to fupply him both with Men and Money on his firft
defires. For which (lie had better reafon now,than when (lie aided him
and the reft of the French Hugonots, in their former quarrel. And this
(he did with fuch a cheerful opennefs both of heart and hand , as did not
only make him able to keep the Field , but to gain ground on the untra-
(ftable and infulting Rebels. Which when the Hugonots obferved , and
faw that he was like enough to do well without them , they then came
freely to his aid , and were content to take fuch terms ashepleafed to
give them.
Pp i 34, And'
2 9 2 ci^e l^iftojt of ti^ ^?e0t¥tt«ian0. Lib. v in.
1587. 34« Andnow again we are for Scotland^ where we lliall find the
■Kinos Affairs grown from bad to worfe. We left him in a great vex-
ation, for not being able to prevail in any thing in behalf of jV/^«/^owf-
ry, unkfs he relinquifhed his purfuic againft Gil^^on and Ceefir. For
foit was, that he muft doandfuffer more than he had done hither-
to, before he could give himfelfany hopes of living peaceably amongft
them. A Parliament is therefore fummoned to be held at Edenboroughiw
the end oi^uly. In which he was contented to pafs fome Adts for ratify-
, inc^ all Laws made in his Minority, in favour of the Kirk o\ ScotUnd^iox
trying and cenfuring the Adverfaries of true Religion-, as alfo for the
puniftiing of fuch as did menace or invade the Minifters. But that which
<Tave them moft content , wasan Ad of Parliament for annexing of all
the Temporalties of Biiliopricks, Abbeys , and other Religious Houfes,
which had not otherwife been difpofed of to the Crown of that Realm 5
which they promoted under colour of improving the Royal Patrimony,
that the King might have.means to bear forth the Honour of his Eftate,
and not trouble his Subjeds with Taxations •, but in plain truth to over-
throw the Calling and Eftate of Billiops , which they prefumed that no
man of Quality would accept, when the Lands were aliened. And this
the Kino was the ragrc willing to confent to, in regard that he had been
perfwaded by fome about him, that the Epifcopal Houfes b:ing refcrved
out of that Grant, together with the Tythes of the Churches formerly
annexed to their Benefices, would be fuliicient to maintain their Digni-
ty in fome fit proportion. But the King foon found himlelf abufed : for
the reft: of the temporalties which formerly had been difpofed of amongft
the Laity^ being fettled and confirmed upon them in the prefent Parlia-
ment, there remained fo little to the Crown by this Annexation , as left
him nothing behind , but the envy of fo high a Sacriledge, the gain and
benefit whereof was injoyedby others. And of that little which remain-
ed unto him by the Annexation, he received very fmall ccntentment,moft
of it being fquandered away by fome begging Courtiers till he had left
himfelf unable to reward or gratifie adefcrving Minifter. But this he did
not find till it was too late 5 though the difeafii was paft all remedy,had
he found it fooner. But what he could not do himfelf when he lived in
Scotland^ he firft coinmended to the doing of his Son Prince Henry ^ in his
Book called Baftltcon Boron 5 and after lived to fee it remedied, in part,
when he reigned in England.
35. There hapned alfo a Difpute in the prefent Parliament betwixt
the Minifters of the Kirk , and fuch of the Gentry as formerly had pof-
feffed themfelves of Abbeys and Priories,and thereby challenged to them-
felves a place in Parliament : concerning which we are to know , that
moftof the Monafteries and Religious Houfes had been founded upon
Tythesand Impropriations, though not without fome good proportion
of Demefnes , which were laid unto them. But when the Scots were
fet upon the humour of Reformation , and fet upon it in a way which
ftiewed them rather to proceed upon private ends , than the publick In-
tereft of Reli<Jion •, the principal men amongft them feized on all which
they could lay hands on , and after kept it to themfelves by no better
Title then that of the firft Ufurpation only, and no more then fo. Some
of the Bifliops and Abbots alfo feeing how things were like to go, and
that
Lib. VIII. C]&c ^iftojt of ttie ^itgitfUvisinfi,
29}
that the Churches Patrimony was not like to hold in the fameSuccefli-
ons which had conveyed it unto them , difraembred the beft Tythes and
Mannorsfrom them, orotherwife refigned the whole tothehandsof
of fuch as appeared moft able to protedthem. And fo it flood till
Murrey w^s made Regent of the Realm in the Kings firft Infancy •, who
did not only wink at thofe Ufurpations,(the queftioning whereof would
moft infallibly have eftranged the Occupants from adhering to him) bui
fuffered many of the Layards and Gentlemen to invade the Tythes which
had not formerly been appropriated to Religious Houfes , and to 'annex
them to the reft of their own Eftates. By means whereof, fome of them
were poflfelTed to fix,ten, twelve, or 20 Tythings, united into one Eftate ■
as they lay moft convenient for them. The Minifters being put off with
beggerly ftipends, amounting in few places to ten ^oun^s fer amum oi
good En^lijh mony. Thefe, with the reft, they called the Lords efnevo
Ere£tm^ and they did Lord it over the poor people with pride and ty-
ranny enough : For, neither would they fuffer the Occupant or Land-
holder to ca'rry away his nine parts of the Fruits, till they had taken off
their Tenth, andfometimes out offpight, or fclf-will, or any other
pefTant humour, would fuffer their tenth part to lye at wafte in the open
Field, that the poor Labourer of the Earth might fuflPer the more da-
mage by it. But that which did moft grieve the Minifters in the pre-
fent exigent, was, That fuch Lairds aud Gentlemen as had robbed the
Church, and plumed their own Nefts with the Feathers of it, ftiould fit
and vote in Parliament asSpiritual perfons,and they themfelves be quite
excluded from thofe publick Councils. A great heat hereupon was
ftruck in the prefent Seftxon by Pont and Lindfey, commiffionated by the
Kirk for that employment, who openly propounded, in the Narneof
the Kirk, That the faid pretended Prelates might be removed at the
prefent, and difabled for the time to come, to fit in Parliament as ha-
ving no Authority from the Church, and moftof them no Fundlionor
Calling in it. Bruce^ Coramendator of Kwlojje, was chofen for the
mouth of the reft, and he appeared fo ftrongly in it, that the Petition
of the Minifters was referred to the Lords of the Articles, and by them
rejedted , though afterwards they had their ends in it by a followins
Parliament. °
36. Being made fecure from any further fear of Billiops, by reafon
of the Poor Submiftion which was made by Montgomery^ and the annex-
ing of Arch-biftiops Lands to the Royal Patrimony , the Minifters
became more infolent and imperious then they had been formerly • and
in that jolly humour they fo vexed and terrified him, that he could find
no other way in point of King-craft topreferve himfelf againft their in-
folencies and attempts, but by giving fome encouragement to the P,o-
pifh party. The exercife whereof brought out many Priefts and Jefii-
its , fome of them more particularly to negotiate in behalf of the Kin<»
oi Spain, who was then a fetting forward his great JrmAda. But the
King, well knowing of what confequence that imployment was^and ho\^
deftrudive of hislntereft to the Crown of £«^/W,commanded them by
publick Proclamation toja void the Kingdom. But withal gave them
day till the firft oi^mutiry^ that they might not complain of being ta-
ken unprovided : Which fniall Indulgence fo offended the unqniet^bre-
thren
294
Cl^ tilto?t of ttic ^jte^b^teriansJ. Lib. v iii.
thren, that they called a number of Noble-men, Barons, and Commifli-
oners oi Btirgley (without fo much as asking the Kings leave in it) to
meet at Edenboroughonth^ {\xi oi Fcbrmry, to whom they reprefented
the Churches dangers, and thereupon agreed to go all together in a full
body to the Court, to attend the King •, to the end that by the terror of
fo great a company, they might work him to their owndefires. But
the King hearing of their purpofe, refufed to give accefs to fo great
a multitude-, butfignified withal that he was ready to give audience
unto fome few of them which fhould be chofcn by the reft. But this
affront the King was forced to put op alfo, topafs by the unlawfulnefs of
that Convention, to acknowledge their grievances to be juft, and to
promife a redrefs thereof inconvenient time. Which drew him into
Adion againft Maxwell and fome others of the Popifh Lords and for the
fame received the publick thanks of the next Affembly, that being
no ordinary favour in them ; and was fo far gratified withall, as to
be fuffered to take Mr. Patrick Calloway from his Charge in Perth ^ to be
one of the Preachers at the Court. Of which particular I had per-
haps took little notice, but that we are to hear more of him on forae o-
ther occafion.
37. The next fine pranck they plaid, relates to the Crowning of
Queen ^»;», with whom the King landed out of Denmark at the Port of
Leith^ on the 20 of May 1 590. and defigned her Coronation on the mor-
row after. None of the Biihops being at hand, the King was willing
to embrace the opportunity to oblige the Kirk,by making choice of one
of their own Brethren, to perform that ceremony •, to which he nomi-
nated Mr. Robert Bruce, a Preacher at Edenborcugh, and one of the moft
moderate men in a whole Aflembly. But whtn the fitnefs of it came
to be examined by the reft of the Brethren, it was refolved to pretermit
the Undlion (or anointing of her) as a ^ewP) Ceremony, abolift-ied by
Chrift, reftoredintoChriftian Kingd^^msby the Popes Authority, and
therefore not to be continued in a Church Reformed. The Doubt firft
ftarted by one ^ohn Davtn[(;n-,\v\\o had then no Charge in the Church,
though followed by a Company of ignorant and feditious people, whom
Andrew Melv'mkt on work to begin the Quarrel, and then ftood up in
his defence to make it good. Much pains was taken to convince them
by the WordofGod, That the Undion, or Anointing of Kings, was
no ^emjh Ceremony •• but Melvins will was neither to be ruled by Rea-
fon, nor fubdued by Atonement, and he had there fo ftrong a Party,
that it pafled in the Negative. Infomuch, that 5r»fedurft not pro-
ceed in the Solemnity, for fear of the Cenfuresof the Kirk. The King
had notice of it, and returns this word, That if the Coronation might
not be performed by Bruce, with the wonted Ceremonies, he would ftay
till the coming of the Bifliops, of whofe readinefs to conform therein,
he could make no queftion. Rather then fo, faid J drerv Mehnn, let
the Undion pafs : better it was that a Minifter (liould perform that ho-
nourable Office, in what Form foever, than that the Bifliops ftiould- be
brought again unto the Court upon that occafion. But yet, unwilling
toprophane himfelfby confentingtoit,heleft them to agree about it,
as to them feemed beft 5 'and he being gone, it was concluded by the ma-
jor part of the Voices, That the Anointing fliould be ufed. According
where-
Lib. VIII. c^e l^iftojf of 1^ l^?e0ljf te^dnjs* ^^^
whereunto, the Queen was Crowned and Anointed on the Sunday fol-
lowing, with the wonted Ceremonies, but certainly with no ©reat
State •, there being fo (hort an interval betwixt Her Landing, and the
appointed day of Her Coronation.
38. It was not long before, that they had a quarrel with the Lords
of theSeffion, fouchingthejurifdidtion of their feveral Courts- but
now the AfTembly would be held for the chief Tribunal. One Graham
was conceived to have fuborneda publick Notary to forge an Inftru-
ment, which the Notary confelTcd on Examination, to have been
brought to him ready drawn, by one of the faid Grahams Brethren.
Graham enraged thereat, enters an Aftion againft Symffen^ the Minifter
o( Sterlings as one who had induced the man, by feme finifter Pradi-
fes, to make that Confeflion. The Adion being entred, and the Pro-
cefs formed, 57iwp/(7» complains to the Aflembly, and they give Order
unto (?r4^4w to appear before them, to anfwer upon the fcandal raifed
on one of their Brethren. Graham appears, and tells them. That he
would make good his Accufation before competent Judges, which he
conceived not them to be. And they replyed. That he muft either
ftand to their judgment in it, or elfe be cenfuredfor the flander. The
Lords of the Ssflion hereupon interpofe themfelves, defiring the AfTem-
bly not to meddle in a Caufe which was then dependent in their Court
in due form of Law. But the AffemMy made this Anfwer, That Symp-
lon was a Member of theirs : Thar they might proceed in the pur<»ati^
on of one of their own number, without intrenching on the Jurifdidion
of the Civil Courts-, and therefore, that their Lordlhips (liould not tak&
it ill, if they proceeded in the Tryal. But let the Lords of the Sefli-
on, or the party interefted in the Caufe, fay what they pleafcd, the Af-
fembly vote themfelves to be Judges in it, and were refolved to proceed
to a Sentence againft him as a falfe Accufer. In fine, the bufinefs went
fo high on the part of the Kirk, that the Lords of the Seffion were com.
pelled to think of no other Vidory than by making a drawn battel of it -
which by the Mediation of fome Friends was at laft effeded. ■ -- ' ''
39. The Kirk is now advancing to the higheft pitch of het Scotch
Happinefs, in having her whole Difcipline, that is to fay, their National
and Provincial AlTemblies, together with their Presbyteries and Paro-
chial Seflions, confirmed by the Autjiority of an Ad of Parliament.
In order whereunto they had ordained in the Aflembly held ziEdinho-
roughs on the 4 of AugH^, Anno 1 590. That allfuchas then here office iii
the Kirk ^ or from thenceforth jhoitld bear any office in it^ fbeuld aStmlly fub-
fcribe to the Book of Difcipline. Which Ad being fo material to our pre-
fent Hiftory, deferves to be exemplified -verbatim^ as it ftands in the Re-
gifters, and is this that followeth, vit,.
cc
40. " Forafmuch that it is certain, That the Word of God
cannot be kept in the ownfincerity, without the Holy Difcipline
" be had in observance: It is therefore by the common confent of
'■'- the whole Brethren and CommiflTioners prefent, concluded,
" That whofoever hath born Office in the Miniftry of the Kirk
" within this Realm, or that prefently bears, or fhall hereafter
" b?ar Office therein, fliall be charged by every particular Pres-
bytery,
296 €;||e^ifto?tof^e|l>?e5bttet;ianj;, lUj, viii.
, « bytery, where their refidence is, to fubfcribe the Heads of the
« Difcipline of the Kirk of their Realm, at length fet down and
« allowed by Aa of the whole Afrembly,in the Book of Polity
"which isregiftred in the Affembly-Books, and namelv the
" Heads controverted by Enemiesofthe Difciplineof the Re-
"forrnedKirkofthis Realm, betwixt this and the next Svno-
" dical Aflemblies of the Provinces, under the pain of Excom
/'munication to be executed againft the Non-fubferibers- and
"the Presbyteries which fliall be found remifs and nealiaent
" herein, to receive publick rebuke of the whole Aflemblv And
"to the effea the faid Difcipline may be known as it ought to
"be, to the whole Brethren ., it is ordained, That the Modera-
" tor ot each Presbyreryfliall receive from the Clerk of the Af
" fembly a Copy of the faid Book, under his Subfcription,upon
" the Expences of the Presbytery, betwixt this and the firft dav
*'of Sepember next to come, under the pain of being openlv J.
" cufed in the face of the whole AfTembly. ^ ^ ^
41.. This Preparation being made, they pre fen t thdr whole defires
to the King, in the following Parliament, convened at EdenberoHzh In
the Month of ^une, 1 5 92. In which it was propcJfed, i. ' That the Ads
' of Parliament made in the year 15 84,againft the Difcipline of the Kirk
« and the Liberty thereof, fhould be abrogated and annulled ; and a Ra-
« tification of the Difcipline granted,whercof they were then in pradti^e
' 2.That the ha of Annexation fliould be repealed, and reftitution made
' of the Churches Patrimony. 3. That the Abbots, Priors, and other
* Prelates, bearing the Titles of Kirk-men, and giving Voices for the
« Kirk witJiout Power and Commiffion from the fame, fliould not be
* permitted in the time coming, to give voice in Parliament,or convene
' in the Name of the Kirk. And, 4. That a folid Order might be taken
« for pu.rging the Realm of Idolatry and Blood, wherewith it was mife-
« rably polluted. On the fecond and third of thefe Defires the Kin«»
took longer time ^ofdeliberation, as being points of great concernment
to himfelf and others, touching the main of their Eftates. But he re
folved to give them fatisfaftion in the firft and laft. It was anfwered
t^refore to the firft part of the Article, That faj^ngof m^s, rcutvmof
n»dReligiOfifrefemlyfrofe(jed,Jhould be aji^Ji caufeto tnferthe Pun of Tr^l
.Pnepdidjansfathe Prince md the chunh.theforefaid Penalty (hoidd mt he
_Utd on the Receiver. And to the fecond part thereof, concernino Blood
It was anfwered. That the fame fliould be remitted to the Courts of Tu
ftice. In like manner it was anfwered to the firft branch of their firft
'Propofal, That the [aid Statutes (heuld he .votvays prejudicial, mr dcro^itory
tothe Pnvilcdgei that Godhadginjen to the ffmtnd office- bearer in the Church
camerning Hends of Religion, matters ofHerefie, Excommunication Collation
orDcfrfvatimcf Mimflers, erany fuch Ecclefiaflical Cenfures, grounded and
having wm-ant of the Word of God. Rut to the fecond branch thereof he
gave his Plenary aftent, according 10 i\\q tenor of the Ad here follow
iug 5 which in regard it contains rhe fum of all thtir Projcds for life-
tiBve
Lib. VIII. ci^ l^ifto?^ oft^z'^pm^MM^} >^
time then paft, and the ground of all their Infolencies for the times enfu-
ing ., it (hall not grieve me to fubjoyn, nor be troublefbme to the Meader
to pafsit over, if he have not patience enough to go thorow with it.Now
the tenor of the faid Ad is as foUovv-eth.
Jt the Parliament holden at Eddnbofough, 'Juuf j.
in the Tear of God i')9t.
42. 'Our Soveraign Lord, and Eftatesof this prefent Parlia-
'n^ent, following the Laudable arid Good Example of their Pre-
'dtctflbrs, hath ratified and approved, and by the tenor of this
'prefent Adi ratifies and approves all Liberties, Priviledoes, Im-
^n^unities, and Freedoms, whatfoever, given and granted by His
'Highnefs, his Regents in His name, or any of His Predeceflbrs,
*to the True and Holy Kirk, prefently eilablilhed within this
'Realm and declared in the firft A<ft of His Highnefs Parliament,
•^the lothdsiyoio^oh. ijy^.Andall and whatfoever Adsof Par-
'liamentsand Statutes made of before by His Highnefs and His
'^Regents, anent the Liberty and Freedom of the faid Kirk-, and
'fpecially the firft Ad: of Parliament holden at Edenborough , the
"^zi^th.oioltcber^ in the year of God 1581, with the whole particu-
lar Ads there mentioned; which fhall be as fufficient asiftlie
'fame were here mentioned : and all other Ads of Parliament
■made fince , in favour of the true Kirk, and fuch like ; ratifies
'and approves the general AfTemblies appointed by the faid Kirk
'and declares, That it (liall be lawful to the Kirk and Minifters
*every ye2.x^'Xi\Q2L\\.^ox ohntx.fro re nata^ asoccafion andneceflity
'diall require, to hold and keep general Afsemblies, providin<?,
'that the King's Majefty, or His Commiffioners with Him, to be
"^appointed by His Highnefs, be prefent at ilk general Afsembly,
'before the difsolving thereof, to nominate and appoint time an J
'place, when andvvherethe next general Afsembly (hall be hold-
'en. And in cafe neither His Majefty nor His Commiffioners be
'prefent for the time, in that Town where the next general Af-
'fembly is holden ', then, and in that cafe, it (hall be lefuiii to the
'faid general Afsembly, by themfelves to nominate and appoint
*time and place \Vhere the next general Afsembly of the Kirk
'(hall be kept and holden , as they have been ufedtodoin times
'by-paft. And alfo, ratifies and approves the Provincial and S/-
'nodal Afsemblies, tobe holden by the faid Kirk andMinifters
'twice ilk year, asttiey have been^ or prefently are in ufe to do,
Svithin every Province of this R^alm. And ratifies and approves
'thefe Presbyteries, and particular Seftions appointed by the faid
'Kirk , with the whole Difciplineand Jurilldidion of the fame,
'agreed upon by His Majefty, inconference had by His Highnefs,
'with certain of the Minifters<onvened to thateifed,of the which
'•Articles the teniaar followeth'. wA^-^'A
Qj(' I. Matters
>.■;
t9% <IP^|^tltoj¥Of t]^e?^jcpttt(rian0, lib.viii.
I. Matters tok intreatedtn Frovincial J^embltcs.
43. 'Their Afscmblies are conftitate for weighty nutters,
'necefsary to be intreated by mutual confent and aififtance of
« Brethren within the Province, as need requires. This Afsem-
< tly hath Power to handle, order, and redrefs, all things omit-
« ted or done amifs in the particular Afsemblies. It hach Power
<.to depofe the Office-bearers of the Province, for good and juft
'caufesdeferving deprivation. And generally thefe Afsemblies
* have the whole Power of the particular Elder fhips,whereof they
'arecoUeded.
%.
Matters to be intreated in the Presbperies,
* The power of the Presbyteries is, To ufe diligent labours in
' the bounds committed to their charge, that the Kirks be kept in
* good order: To enquire diligently of naughty and ungodly
* perfons, and to travel to bring them into the way again, by ad-
* monition or threatening of Gods Judgements, or by corredion.
' It appertains to the Elderfliip to take heed that the Word of
« God be parely Preached within their bounds , the Sacraments
' rightly Miniftred, the Difciplinc entertained, and Ecclefuftical
* goods uncorruptly diftributed. It belongeth to this kind of
* Afsemblies, To caufe the Ordinances made by the Afsemblies
'Provincial, National, and General , to be kept and put in exe-
*cution: To make conftitucions which concern -n-^^iTmy in the
' Kirk , for decent order in the particular Kirk where they go-
' vern -, providing that they alter no Rules made by the Provin-
' cial and General Afsemblies : and that the Provincial Af-
< femblies aforefaid, be privy to the Rules that they (hall make,
* and to abolifli Conftitutions tending to the hurt of the fame.
* It hath power to excommunicate the obftinate, formal procefs
* being had , and due interval of times obferved. Anent parti-
'cular Kirks, if they be lawfully ruled by fuffiicient Minifters,
* and Seffion,they have Power and Jurifdidion in their own Con-
' gregacion , in matters Ecclefiaftical : and decrees and declares
* the "Afsemblies, Presbyteries, andSefTions Jurifdidion , and
' Difciplinc aforefaid, to be in all times coming moft juft, good,
' and Godly in it felf-, notwithftanding.whatfoever Statutes, Afts,
* Canons, Civil and Municipal Laws made to the contrary : to
* which and every one of them , thefe Prefent (liall make exprefs
* derogation.
44. ' And becaufc there are divers Adls of Parliament made
' in favour of the Papiftical Church , tending to the prejudice
' of the liberty of the true Kirk of God, prefently profefTed with-
' in this Realm , Jurifdidlion and Difcipline thereof,which ftand
* yet in the Books of the Ads of Parliament not abrogated nor
'annulled; Therefore hisHighnefs and Eftates forefaid , hath
'abrogated, cafted, and annulled, and by the tenour hereof
'abrogates,
Lib. vin. ci^e f iftoj^ of tl^e ^imi^mtm, 299
' abrogates, cafts,and annuls all Ads of Parliament made by any
' of his Highnefs Predeceffors for maintenance of Superftitioa
' and Idolatry •, with all, and whatfoever Ads, Laws, and Sta-
*• tutes, made at any time before the day and date hereof, againfl
* the liberty of the true Kirk, Jurifdidion and Difcipline there-
* of, as the fame is ufed and exercifed within this Realm. And
* in fpecial, that A6t of Parliament holden at Sterli>.g^ the ^th, of
* November \ 543, commanding obedience to be given to Eugentpts
* the Pope for the time •• the Aft made by King ^Ames the 1,^^
* in his Parliament holden at Edenborough ^ the ia^th of February,
* in the year of God 1480. And all other Afts whereby the Pope's
* authority is eftabliOied, The Aft of the faid King ^ames in
* his Parliament holden at Edenboruugh, the 20th of Nuvembcr
* I4<59, anent iheSdturdajf, and other Vigils, to be Holy-day from
*Even-fongto Even-fong. Item, That part of the Aft made by
* the Queen Regent, holden at Edenborough the firft day oi FebruA-
'■ry 155!, giving fpecially Licenfe for holding of Pafch , and
* Zutl.
45. ' And further, the Kings Majefty and Eftates aforcfaid,
' declare , That the 129?/^ Aft of Parliament holden at Edenbb-
* rough the ^2d of May, in the year of God 1 584, fhall no ways be
* prejudicial, or derogate any thing from the Priviledgc that God
* hath given the Spiritual Office-bearers in the Kirk, concerning
'Heads of Religion, Matters of Herefie, Excommunication,Col-
Mation, or Deprivation of Minilters, or any fuchlike Ecdefia-
' ftical Cenfures, fpecially grounded, and having warrant of the
• * Word of God. Item, Our Soveraign Lord and Eftates of Par-
' liament forefaid, abrogates, cafts, and annihilates the Afts of
* the fame Parliament holden at Edenborough the fame year 1 5 84 5
* granting CommilTion to Bilhops and other Judges, conftitute
' in Ecclefiaftical Caufes, to receive his Highnefs Prefentation
« to Benefices, to give Collation thereupon , and to put Order
* to all Caufes Ecclefiaftical , which his Majefty and Eftates
' forefaid, declares to be expired in the felf, and to be null in
« time coming, of none avail, force or effeft. And therefore or-
' dains all Prefentations to Benefices to be direft to the particular
' Presbyteries in all time coming , with full power to f^ive Col-
* lation thereupon, and to put otder to all matters and caufes Ec-
*clefiaftical within their bounds, according to the Difcipline of
* the Kirk : providing the forefaid Presbyters be bound and
* aftrifted to receive and admit whatfoever qualified Miniilcr
* prefented by His Majefty or Laick Patrons.
46. Such was the Aft by which the Presbyterian Difcipline was
fetled in the Kirk of Scotland. They had given him trouble enough be-
fore, when they had no authority of Law to confirm their aftions. But
now he rouft expeft much more ; and they will fee his cxpeftation fa-
tisfied to the very full. So that it may be much admired that heyeeld-
cdto it, the rather in regard the redfons of it are not certainly known,
nor very eafie to be gueiled at. Whether it wc^re, that he were not well
Q.1 2 enough
JOO
Ci^et^illo?^ of tt)€ |^?c?tttei;ian0. Lib. v iii.
enou^^h informed couching the low condition which the English Puritans
were at this time broiighc to , or that he flood fo much in ftar of the
'^zxXoiBothwdl^ (whole treacherous pradtifts threatned him with con-
tinual dan<^er ) that \\k was under a neceflity of conforming to them for
his own prefervation •, or that he thought it his bell way to itc them have
their own Wills , and purfue their own Counfels , till they had wearied
both themfelves and the reft of theSubjeds , by the milgovernmenc of
that Power which he had given them ; or whether It were ail, or none
of thefe,itis hard to fay. Nor is itlefs to be admired, that the Nobili-
ty of Scotland , who had found the weight of that heavy yoke in the
times foregoing, fliould take it lo eafily on their necks , and not joyn ra-
ther with the King to caft it off. But they had gotten moft of the
Church Lands into their polTeiTion , and thuught it a greater piece of
wifdom to let the Presbytery overtop them in their feyeral Confiftories^
than that the Bifliops, Deans, and Chapters, or any other who pretend-
ed unto their Eftates,(liould be reftored again to their power and places,
and thereby brought to a capacity of contending with them for their
own. In which refped they yielded alfo to another Ad.againftthee-
verting of Church lands and Tenths into Temporal Lordfliips: for.
To what purpofe lliould they ftrive for fuch empty Titles, as added little
to their profit, and not much to their pkalurts^ There alfo pafTed
fonre otlier Ads which feemed much to favour bo:h the Kirkand the
Kirk men J as namely, For the ratification of a former Ad 1587, in
favour of the Minifters , their Rents and Stipends •, for enabling Lay
Patrons to difpofe of their Prebendaries and ChaplinariesuntoStudentSs
and that no Benefices with Cure pay any Thirds. There paffed ano-
ther Ad alfo which concerned the Glebes and Manfes in Cathedral
Churches , preferved of purpofe by the King (thouoh they thought not
of it) that whan he found it neceifary to reftore Epifcopacy,the Bifliops
mi^ht find Houfes, and other fit accommodations , near their own Ca-
thedrals.
' 47. Thus have the Presbyterians gained two Ads of great impor-
tance 5 The one for fettling their Presbyteries in all parts of the King-
dom : The other for reprefling all thoughts of reftoring Epifcopacy, by
paflinc^ over the Church lands to the ufe of the Crown. And to make
as fure of it as they could , (becaufe a three-fold Cord is not eafily bro-
ken) they had before called upon the King to reinforce the Band, or
' National Covenant, which had been made for their adhajfion to the
true Religion , and renouncing Popery. For lo it was, that fome fu-
fpitions had been raifed by the Presbyterians , That the King was mi-
ferably feduced, and enclined to Popery ^ and that the Earl oi Lenox had
been fcnt from France for. no other purpofe , but to work him to it.
And thereupon the King gave order unto Mr. 5^. CrMge , being then a
Preacher in the Court , • to form a fliort Confeflion of Faith •, whferein
flOt onelv all the corruptions of the Church of Rome in point of Dodrine,
bi3t even thofe alfo which related unto Difcipline and Forms of Wor-
fliip, were to be folemnly abjured. Which Confeflion (for example of
others) the King himfelf with all his Court and Council, did publick-.
ly both fubicribe and fwear Anno 15 80. And the next year he required
■ the like Oith and Subfcription from all his Subjeds, for thefecu-
nng
M
Lib. VIII. Cl^ i^tftoi? Of ti)c p^tfih^ttvmm^ 30 r
■ringof thofe f-arsand j^alonfies which ih^Jvirk had of- him. But in
i-egard this general CoiifefTion was not fodnd fuliicient to hiddef -the
increafe of Popery, for want of lome llrid Combination amongft the
Subjcds which profefledthe Reformed Religion •, it was defireJj thk
a. Solem/t League or Ba/}d anghthe authotued:, by which they (houldT5e
bound to Itaud to one another in defence thereof^ that is to lay^ both
oftheir Covenant and Religion, againfi: all Opporients.; The.GuiJidft
Papifts had projeded the like League in France, to fupprefs the' ■Gafp^l'^.
and wliV lliould they in ScotUnd hz lefs zealous forthc true Reli«i6'Tl)
than the Gliipr^ Tapfls for the falfe .'"Upon which ground the Kir..^i^'a'^
eafily entr-eaced to confent unto it : and firft Tubfcribei^^ t'fie Ban.d'h'ip^l
felfi wi'hall his Family, v^;i;. 158^ 5 which the nextyear heca'i;fedt?)
■bei^breribed-by all forts of people, as the General Atftmbly fjad^'^.t^-
•-■. 48. Now in this Covenant and Gonfeflion, they did not only Mft^
themfelves to renounce the Pope, together vvith all the Superftitions kriS
Corruptions of the Church of Rome 5 but in particular, to continue m
obedience to the Doctrine and Dtfciflineef the Kirk ef Scotland ? and to de-
feni the [ame according to their vocation and power all the days of their lives.
'And though it cannot be conceived that ueder thofe general words of
DoBrme and Difcipline, there could be any purpofe to abjure the Epi-
fcopal Government, which was in being when that Confefllon was firft
framed, and for many years after: yet being now received and fub-
fcribed unto, and their Presbyteries eftablilhedby A(5lof Parliament,
it was interpreted by the Covenanters offucceeding times, ^««(? 1638,
to contain in it an exprefs renouncing of Epifcopacy, as alfo of
fuch Rites and Ceremonies as had been introduced amongft them
by the Synod of Perth, Anno 1618. The fad effedts whereof, the
Kingforelaw not at the prefent •, but he took order to redrefs them
in the time to come: For now the Temporal Eftates of Bilhops be-
ing alienated and annexed to the Crown by Ad of Parliament,
Ayino\^?>'j. Epifcopacy tacitly abjured by Covenant, and that Cove-
nant ftrengrhened byaBand or Aflbciation, Anna i^go. And final-
ly, their Presbyteries fetled by like Ad of Parliament in this prefent year
Anne 1592. it was not to be thought that ever Bifliops or Epifcopacy
could revive again, though it otherwife happened.'. \t cannot be denied,
but that King ^ames did much defpife this Covenant, (commonly called
the Negative Conftllion) when he came into England : for, taking
occalion to fpeak of it in the Conference of i/4w/);o/? Court, he lets us
know. That Mr. Craige (the Compiler of it) with his renoimcings and ab-
hcrrwgs, his deteflations andabrenunciations, did fo amaz.e the fimple people^
that few of them being able to remember all the faid particulars^ fome took occafion
thereby to fall back to Popery, and others to remain in their former ignorance.
To which he added this fliort note. That if he had been bound to that
Form of Craig e's, the Confefjlon of his Faith mufl have been in his Table-
Book, and not in his Head. But what a mean opinion foever King
J-amesV-xd of it, the Puntans or Presbyterians of both Kingdoms, made
it ferve their turns for raifing a moft dangerous Rebellion agaitift his
hen, and altering the whole Frame of Government both in Church,
and State, which they new-maided at their pleafure : and fure I
am.
3.02 C^c pfto?¥ Of tl^e ^it$it^Umm Lib. VIII.
am, that at the firft entring into this Band, the Presbyterians there
grew fo high and infolent, that the King could get no Rcafon of
them in his juft demands. The King had found by late experience,
how much they had encroached upon his Royal Prerogative, defa-
med the prefent Government, and reviled hi.s Perfon. And thereup-
on, as he had gratified them in confirming their Difcipline, fo he re-
quired them not long after to fubfcribe thefe Articles ^ that is to fay,
rhit the Preacher Jhould yield due obedience unto the Kings Majejij. That they
Jhould not pretend any friviledge in their ^lUgiance. That they fheuld not
meddle in matters of State. That they jhould not publukly revile His Majefty.
That they jhould not draw the people from their due obedience to the King. That
when they are accufedfor their faffiaus Speeches^ or for refujinv to de any thing,
they jhould not alledge infpiration of the Spirit^ nor feed themselves with colour
of Confcience^but cenfefs their faults like Men, and crave pardon like SubjeBs.
But they were well enough, they thanked him j ana were refolved to
hold their own Power, let him look to his.
the End of the Eighth 'BqoK.
303
AE%^IV s \ET>IFIFV S:
O R T H E
HISTORY
O F T H E
Presbyterians.
L I B. IX.
Containing ' . , -i
Yheir DifJoyaliy^ Treafons^ and Seditions in France, the Conn-
try of Eaft-Fridland, and the Ifles of Brirain ; hut more pAt^
ticulariy in England. Together with the Jevere Laws nude
againjlthem^ and the fiVeral Executions in purfunnce of them^
jroHtkeyeax. 158^ ta the year 1595.
ijHus have we brought the Preshyterians to their hi<»h-
eft pitch in the Kirk of Scotland^ when they were
almoft at their loweft fall in the Church of Eng-
land: thefe being at the very point of their Cr«f j-
/w«3 when the others were chanting their Hofan-
ms for their good fuccefs. The Englifh Brethren
had loft their principal Support by the death of
^- v-.-^_~ ,--, Leicejier., though he was thought to have cooled
much in his affedions towards their affairs. But what theyloft in him
they ftudied to repair by the Earl of £/}f;c, whofe Fathers Widow he
304
'^i^'^imt of m Wf>W^t\m^.
Lib. IX.
hadmarried, trained him up for the moft p^rc under Puritan Tutors, and '
married him at thelaft to Wdfmgh am 5 Daughter. Uponthefe hopes
they.m,ade their applications w him, and were chearfuUy welcomed 5
the Gentleman" Wing young,' ambitious, and exceeding popular, and
therefore apt enough to advance their Intereft, and by 'theirs his own.
And he appeared the rather for them at the firft, to cry quits with Whit-
etftix who, when he might have been ele<fted Ghancellor of the Univer-
sity of Oxon^ on the death of i-f/ce/frjchofe rather to commend his
dear Friend, the Lord Chancellor HStton^ to the place, than to afTume
it on himfelf •, and after /f<i«o«j- death, to nominate the Lord Buckhurfi
to them, who was alfo chofen. The young Earl had an ey^ upon that
great Office, that he might be as powerful amongft men of the Gown,
as he was amongft Gentlemen of the Sword -, and took it for an high
affront that the Archbifliop fliotild prefume to commend ^ny other
tothat Honour, which hedefigned unto himfelf. But the Queen eafi-
ly took him off, and made him fo far Friends with Whjtgifi^ as not to
make any open profeffion of difpleafure toward him, by whic,h the op-
pofite Fadion might be animated to their former Iafolcncies,which not-
withftandinCT the Arch- bifliop kept a vigilant eye upon all his anions,
as one that was not to be told (!)f his private pradlifes, the fecretintel-
lioence which he had with the Heads of that Party, and faw that
m^fl of his Allies and Kindred were engaged that way. For, though
upon the reconcirUacionwhiclrwas made between them, the Earl had
offered him tQranjjxourfe'in^lergy-Caafes, according to his diredi-
ons and advice •, yet what he did therein, proceeded rather from a fear
of the Queens difpleafure, than from any love to Whit^tft^ or the Church
itfelf • as afterwards appeared moft evidently in the courfe of his
adions.
2. But that which gave'tne Brethren their greatefl blow, was the
death of Walfm^ham^'who dyed on the fixth of ^fr// 1590. The Queen
had lately been more fenfible of thofe manifold dangers which both the
Principles and PiadK^^oi the Difcipliaariafis did moft apparently threat-
en.to^her whple,Eftate ; mqr? now than ever, by the coming out.of a
Pamphlet, called ' Tht humble Motion : In which it was .nffirmed, That
"thc)ufands did iigh for the Difcipline, tenthoufands had fought it •, and
•ihanhe inofl: worthy men of every Shire had confented to it: That the
j^/^ff/5fi/^was,athand: That the people, were inflamed with a zeal to
have it 5 and, that it was hard, dangerous, .and impoiTible to ftand a-
CTainfl it. Incenfed thereat, hnd fearing the fad confequences of fuch
peftilent Pamphlets, She refolyed upon fome fpeedy courfe to prevent
-the'mifchief : and therefore gave the greater countenance to the Arch-
bifhops, Bifliops, and their fubordinate Officers, for proceeding with
•^lem. On which encouragement, the feeming Neutrality of the Earl
oiE§ex, and the ficknefs oUVulfin^ham, Snapc, and fome others of their
principal Le^dersi were cariecf before the High- Co'ipmiffion at Z<i«!l-
rfo/Ai-iri. the, firftbeginningof £4/?^^ Term: which, though it feemed
"iboth ftrange- and unwelcome to them, yet there was no remedy. Ap-
h)ear they did, becaufe they muft ; but ^ive'reVefolyed, tha.t their appe.airr
ahce fliould -conduce as little as might b^ rO; tHeir diCadvantage. Fqr,
being required to take their Oaths, according to the ufe of the Court,
Lib. IX. mz !^i(to?f of tf)z ^it^t^tttm^, 305
to anfwer pundually to all fuch Interrogatories as weietobe propoun-
ded to them •, the Oath is abfolutely refufed, unlefs the Interrogatories
might be lliewcd unto them. Firft, therefore, they were made ac-
qnaintedwith the fubftance of them, but that would notferve. They
were alTured in the next place, That they (hould be required to anfwer
ho further unco any of them, than they were bound to do by the Laws
of the Land. But that ferved as little. In fine, it was refolved, That
the Interrogatories (hould be (hewed unto them, (here contrary to the
pradifc of all Courts in Criminal Caufts) which ferved leaftof alhFor
now ^w/? finding what was'^liketo be charged upon them, gave no-
tice of the fame to the reft of the Brethren, and did not only refufe
the Oath, as before he did •, but put the reft upon a courfe of pre-
meditation, both whether it were fit to anfwer upon Oath or not • and
then what anfwer they would make, if they were put to it. But fo
it hapned, that his Letters, being intercepted, were produced a^^ainft
him •, upon which he was clapped up in Prifon, and a great terror t°herc-
by ftruck into all the Brethren, who now began to apprehend the dan-^ers
they were fallen into by their former Infolencits. ^ ,
5. It may be gathered by thofe Letters, that no fmall diligence had
been ufed by fuch as had employed themfelves in it, to fearch into the
bottom of their deepeft Counfels, and moft fecret Purpofes 5 and that
fo perfed a ditcovery had been made thereof,as might warrant the hiofi
Commiffioners to proceed feverely, without the leaft fear of bein^^ foy-
' led in their undertakings. For Snape confefTeth in thofe Lettersj^hat
thejhui the knowledge not only of GenerJs^ hut of S fecials, and Particulars
a/Jo •, that is to fay, touching the places where they met, Oxford, London,
Cambridge, Sec. the times of their accuftomed Meetings, as, Starhridir-
Faire^A£is,Terf»s^Scc. the perfons which aftembled at them, as Cart-
mtght-, Perkins^ Travers, chark^ &c. and finally, the very matters which
they deak in, and agreed upon. Much troubled the good man feemed to
be, in gueflTmg at that falfe Brother who had, made the difcovery: but,
that they were difcovered, he is fure enough- for he affirmeth, that
their Adlings neither were,orcould be any longer concealed-, and there-
fore, that the Lord called upon them to be refolute in the prefent cafe.
And thereupon it was propounded. Whether it were better and more fafe,
that one man {with the confent of the reft) jhould boldly^ freely., and wifely con-
fefs^ and lay open, &c . or, thatfome weak or nicked man fliotild without confent,
and in evil fort, acknowledge, &c. Me tells them, That the matter aimed at
by High Commiffioners, was Tobring them within dan<^er of Law for
holding Conventicles: That in Caufes of Murther, and the like, it was
commonly asked. Whether the Party fled upon it , and therefore, that
they (hould do well to confider of it, in reference to the prefent cafe.and
fo advifing, That T. C. fliould be fent to with all fpeed, he concludes his
Letter.
4. This Letter coming up foclofe to the formef difcoveries, brings
Cartwright into play in September following. But firft, a confukation muft
be had amongft them, at the Houfe of one (74>-^///fr, Whether, and if ac
alt, how farit might be fit for him to reveal all or any of the matters
which had pafTedin conference or difputation in any of their former af-
femblies. And, as it feems, it was determined in the Negative, (according
K r t5
jpg C]^el^tfto?t of tlie ^?cgbttet;ian0. Lib. ix.
to theDodrine of the old PnfcJliamfts) that he Qiould not do it. For,
when the Oath was offered to hina, he refufed to take it. The #lgh-
Commiflion-Court was at that time held in the Billi >p ol Lonhns Con-
Mory.in the Chuich of St. Faul. At which were prefent amongU others
the Lord Billiopof Z,«)»^o»,thc two Chief Juftices,Ser)eaiit PKckering^z^-
terwards Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, Mr. Juftice Gaudk^ and Pcfham
then Attorney General, but afterwards Chiet Juftice of tiio^Common-
Pleas. All which did feverally and diftinCtly allure him upon their cre-
dits That by the Laws of the Realm he was bound to take. the Oach re-
quired, for making a true anfwer unto the Interrogatories which were
to be propounded to him. To which ht made no other Anfwer, but
that he could find no fuch thing in the law of God •, and fo continuing
in hisobftinacy, was committed alfo. But the Commilfioners having
fpentfome time in preparing the matter, and thinking the. cognizance
thereof more fitter for the Star-Chamber, referred both the Perfons
and the caufe to the care of that Court. In which an Information was
referred againft them by the Queens Atcorncy,for fetting forth and put-
ting in pradiftCwithout warrant and authority)a new form of Common-
Prayer and Adminiftration of the SacrJimcnts^togcther with the Pre>^by-
terial Difcipline not allowed by Law. Upon the news whereof tlic Bre-
thren enter intoconfultation,as well about forae courl'c to be prefeatly
taken for relief of the Prifoners,as for the putting of their Difcipline in-
to further pradifc : What the refult was, may be gathered from a Letter
ciWiggtngtons, (one of the hotteft heads amongft them) in which he thus
writes to Psrter of Lanc^fter^ viz. Mr. Cartwright is m the Fleet for refu-
fmfthe Oath (as I hear) and Mr. Knewftnbs isfentfor^ andfundrj worthy Mim
niflers are dijqtiieted^ who have been [fared long : So that we look for fame hick-
ering ere long^ and then a Battel, which cannot long endure,
5. But before any thing could be done upon either fide, in order to the
proceedings of the Court, or the releafe of the Prifoners, there brake
out fuch a dangerous Treafon , as took up all the thoughts of the Lords
of the Council, and the Brethren too. The Brethren had fo fixed their
fancies on the Holy Difcipline , and entertained fuch ftrange devices to
promote the fame, beyond the warrant of Gods Word , and the Rule of
Law 5 that at the laft God gave them up to ftrong delufions, and fuffer-
ed them to be tranfported by their own ill Ipirits to moft dangerous
downfalls. One Ci?;^/'»g-fr, a Gentleman of a very good Family'^, had
been fo wrought upon by feme of the chief Fadors to the Preshyterianf,
that he became a great admirer of their Zeal and Piety : and being ac-
quainted with one Jrthmgton^ a Lzy-Gene'vian , but very zealous in the
caufe,he advifeth with him of fome means for the good of the Prifoners.
But upon long deliberation they could think of no courfe at all, unlefs
it would pleafe God by fome extraordinary calling to ftir up fome zea-
lous Brethren to effed their defires : and if God pleafed to take that
way, why might not one or both of them be chofen , as fit Inftruments
in fo great a fervice •, then whom they knew of none more able , and of
few more zealous. Onthcfe Preparatories they betake tnemfelvtsto
Prayer and Fafting , hold a ftridl Faft together on the I'^th o( Decern-
ler, and then began to find themfelves extraordinarily exercii'ed , as ap-
pears bv their letters writ to Lancaflcr,m whofe Houfe they held it.Imme-
diacelv
r
Lib. IX. ^i^^iUivafmPt^^hVtttianfi. ^o^
diarely upon' this Fa<5t, Coppmger cakes a journey inta Kent^ and fancied
(by(fl% wly.) that he was admitted toa familiar Conference with God
himfelf, that he received from him many ftrange Direftions, to be fol-
lovVed by him whenfoevcr God Should pleafe to ufe his fervice for the
good of his Church •, and more particularly, that he was ihewed a way
to bring the Queen to repentance, and to caufeall the Nobles to do the
like out of hand-, or elfe fo prove them to be Traytors to Almighty
God. Another Faft is held by him and Arthinpon zi his coming back,
in which he finds himfelf more/trongly ftifred to a matter of fome great
importance, then he was before : of which he gives notice onto Gihfon in
Smland, by his Letter of the laft oi Decemher^ and afterward to Wigghg-^ .
^*«above-nricritioned,bythcm to be communicated to the reft of the bre-
thren. Another Faft follows upon this, at which Wtggtngtomn6. fomeo-
tkers did vouchfafe their prefence, who had before confirnrted them ir\
the fancy of fome fuch extraordinary Calling as he feemed to drive at.
With the intention of this \^ii^Cartwright and other of the Prifoners we-e
made acquainted before-hand, to the intent that by the benefit of their
fceret pfayers,i: the Aftion might be crowned with an end more glorious.
And the fame nighr, Cofpinger finds himfelf in Heaven, exceedingly a-
ftoniflied at the Majefty of Almighty God, but very much comforted by*
the ViHon ; and every day more and more encouraged to fome oreac
work 5 which he communicates at feveral times, and by feveral Letters
to Cdrtrvnght^ Travers, Clark, &c, amongft the Preachers ^ and from the
Lay-BretUreh, unto Lamafier^ and Sir FeterWentworth.
6i And now we muft make room for another Ador, a greater Zeaioc
thairi the other, and one that was to rob them of the glory of their dreams
and dotages ♦, H^tcket, an inconfiderable Fellow both for Parts and For-
tune, pretends to a more near Familiarity with Almighty God, than ei-
ther of the other durft afpirfe to. A Wretch of fuch a defperate Ma-
Hce»that bearing an old grudgto one that had been his School-Mafter,
he bit off his Nofe. And when the poor man humbly prayed him to let
him have it again, to the end it might be fowed on before it was cold, he
moft barbaroufly chewed it with his teeth, and fo fwallowed it down.
After this, having wafted that fmall Eftate which he had by his Wife,
he becomes a Profelyte. pretends at firft to more than ordinary zeal for a
Reformation, and afterwards to extraordinary Revelations for the com-
pading of it. This brings him into the acquaintance of fome zealous Mi-
hlftcrs, who were then furioufly driving on for the Holy Difcrjiline •, but
none more than fF/ff//7^/('» before rcmembred, who brings him prefently
to Ctpphger, at fuch time as the poor man was raifed tothe Iieight of his
Follies. Hicket had profited fo well in the School of Hypocrifie,that by
his counterfeit- holinefs, his fervent and continual praying extempm-e^ fa-
fting upon the Lords days, making frequent brags of his Conflids with
Satan^ and pretending to many perfonat Conferences with the Lord
himlelf, that he became of great efteem with the reft of the Brethren-, in-
fomuch that fome of them did not ftick to fay, not only that he was one
of Gods beloved, but greater in His Favour than Mofes, or John the
Bdptijf. And he himfelf made fliew, That he was a Prophet, fent to
foretell Gods Judgments, where his mercies were negledled ; prophe-
fying, That there fliould be no more Popes ; and, that England thi*
R T^ prefenc
508 '^f^t 5|^iftOJf Of m ^mt^mm LiKIX'
preCent Year fliould be afflifted with Famine, War, and Pcftilence, un-
lefs the Lords Difcipline and Reformation were forthwith admitted,
Thefemen, being both governed by the fame ill fpirit, were mutually
over- joyed at this new acquaintance, and forthwith entered into cour>-
felfor freeing Cmmight^ Smpe, and the reft of the Minifters, not only
from the feveral Prifons in which they lay, but from the danger of their
Cenfure in the Star-Chamber, which was then at hand.
7. It was expected that the Cenfure would have paffed upon theni
on thelaftday of Eajler Term •, of which Coppi»ger gives Hacket no-
tice and fends him word withall, That he meant to be at the hearing
of it-, and that if any Severity fhould be ufed towdnAsthtm, he jhould
befonedinthe, Nameef the Great and Fearful God of Heaven and Earth to
froie/againfi it. The like expedation was amongft them in the Term
next following, at what time Coffinger was refolved on fome defperate
ad to divert the Sentence. For thus he writes to Lancaflerhtioxe-xt-
membred, That if our Preachers in Prifon do appear to TKorrow in the Star-
Chamber, and if our great men deal mth themfo as it is thought they will-, and
that if then God did not throw fame fearful judgment amcngfl them, &c. that
is to fay, (for fo we muft make up the lenfe) let him give no more credit
unto him or his Revelations. But the Hearing being deferred at that
time alfo, aad nothing like to be done in it till after Michaelmas, the Con-
fpirators perceived they had time enough for new Confultations. And
inthefeConfultationsthey refolve amongft them to impeach the two
Archbiftiops of High Treafon, that fothey might be made uncapable
of proceeding in a Legal wayagainft the Prifoners, or otherwife to af-
faifinate both together, with the Lord Chancellor Hatton, (whom they
deadly hated) if any fevere Sentence was pranounced againft them. But
Hacket was for higher matters. The Spirit of Infatuation had fo wrought
upon him, that he conceived himfelf to partake of the fame Divine
Nature with Almighty God. That hewas appointed by his God to
be KinfT of Europe-, and therefore looked upon all Kings (but the Queen
efpeciatly) as the Ufarpers of the Throne which belonged unto him. And
againft her he carried fuch a bitter hatred, that againft her he often caft
forth dangerous fpeeches. That fhehadloft her Right to the Crown ^
and fpared not to do execution upon her in her Arms and Piftures, by
ftabbini^ his Dagger into both whcnfoever he faw them. The people
alfo muft be dealt with, to make ufe of their Power, according untothat
Maxim of the Dlfciplinarians, That if the Magiflraie will not reform the
church and State, then the People mufl. And that he might wind them to
this hei'jht, he fcatter'd certain Rhimes or Verfes amongft them ^ by
which it was infinuated, That a true Ci^riftian, though he were a Clown
or poor Countrey-man, (which was Hackets own cafe) might teach Kings
how to manage their Sceptres ; and that they might depofe the Queen, if
Ihe did not zealoufly promote the Reformation.
8. Findinf^ to what an admiration he had raifed himfelf in the cfteem
ofCoppinger^nd^iS Yellow Arthington, he looks upon them as the fit-
teftlnftruments to advance his Trcafons, perfwading them. That they
were endued not only with a Prophetical, but an Angelical Spirit. And
they, believing what he faid, performed all manner of obedience to
him, as one that was appointed to reign over them, by God himfelf •,
fetting
Lib. IX. cije m^o^V of m mt&tttzmti^. 305,
fetting them felves from that time forward to raife fome Sedicioft i,
which the people might be moved uato what they pleafed. Beincf thu'^
pofTeft, they intimate to l%^/»^^<);z fore-mentioned , That Chrfft ap-
peared to them the night before , not in .hfs own body as he /its" in Hea-
ven •, but in that efpecial Spirit by which he dwelt in //.tc/'^/ more 'than
in any other. They added alfo, That H/tcket was the very Angel wfech
ibouldcome before the Day of Judgement, with his Fan in theoneh^nd
and his Shepherds Crook in the other , to diftmguifh the Sheep from'the
Goats, to tread down S^tart^and ruine the Kingdom oiAnUchrift. What
counfel they, received from fr/^//7^^o« is not certainly known, though it
may be judged by the event. For prefently on their going from, nim,
which was on the fixceenthof 5?»/y, they repair to Hacket^ vvhomfheyfouhd
lazing in his bed in a private Houfe 3.1 Broken Wharf-, and caftin" them-
felves upon their knees , as if they were upon the point of Ado'ration -
Arthmgton fuddenly arifcth, and advifeth Copfinger, in the Name of the
Lord JefusChrift to annoint their King. But ^^f/^ff cunningly de-
clines it, telling them that he was already annointed by the Holy Ghoft,
and therefore that they were to do what he ihould command them!
Which faid, he ordains Cofpnger to be his Prophet of Mercy , and At-
thington to be his Prophet of Juftice -, and gives them their Miflioairi
this manner : ' Go now (faith he) and tell up and down the City , That
* Jefus Chrifl: is come with his Fan in his hand to judge the World : if
' any ask you where he is, dired them to this place : if they will not be-
' lieve you, let them comeand fee if they can kill me. AsfureasGod
' is in Heaven , no lefs afsureJly is Chrift now come to judge the worlds
With this Commilfion flye the two new Prophets from one fteeet to an-
other, till they came to cheapjide, crying oxxi^Chnfi U come, chrifi isc6me\
all the way they went ^ and adding with as loud a voice, Retent^ Refent.
In Cheaffide they mount into a Cart, (a proper Pulpit for fuch Preachers) '
proclaiming thence, that Hacket participated of Chrifts glorified Body,
by his efpecial Spirit, and was now come with his Fan to propagate the
Gofpel, zo fettle the Difctfline^ (for that was the impuliive to all this mad-
ncfs) and to eftablifli in £»j/4W a new Common- wealth: They added
further, that themfelves were two Prophets, the one of Mercy, and t\\t
other of Jufticc z, the truth whereof they took upon their Salvation.
That Hacket was the only Supreme Monarch of the World 5 and that all
the Kings of Eurofs held of him as his Vafsals .• That therefore he onely
ought to be obeyed, and the Queen depofed -, and that vengeance fhould
Ihortly fall from Heaven, not only on the Archbifhop o^ Canterbury, but
the Lord Chancellor Hatton,
9. Infinite were the throngs of people which this ftrange Novelty
had drawn together to that place 5 but they found none fo mad as them-
felves , none fo befotted as to cry, God fave King Hacket : fo that not
able to be heard by reafon of the noife, nor to go forward in their Mif-
fion,becaufeofthe Throng-, theydifmounted their Chariot, andby the
help of fome of their Friends conveyed themfelves to HacketS Lodgino-.
They had not ftaid there long , when they were all three apprehended,
and brought before the Lords of the Council 5 to whom they fliewed fo
little reverence, that they never moved their Hats unto them 5 and told
them that they were above all Magiftrates, of what rank foever, Hacket
is
31°
ci^]|^(llo?t o{ t\^ ^?c0l)ttenam
Lib: IX.
is afterward arraigned July 26. and two days after drawn to his execu-
tion which was to be done upon jiim in that pare of Cheapjide in which
his two Prophets had proclaimed him. Neither the Sentence part upon
him nor the fear of death , .mitigated any thing of that Spirit of Infa-
tuation with which the Devil had pofTeft him. Infomuch, that heex-
claimed moft horribly (as he was drawn upon the Hurdle) all the way he
paffed, crying but in thefe words, Jehovah the Mejfijs^^ehovah the Mfjfm:
hhoU Uuvtn is opened-^ khold^ the Sonof the niojl High ts ceming doxvn-to
deliver me. With the like ill fpirit he was governed when he came to
the Gallows 5 at which he is affirmed to have made this Imprecation,
(for I can by'no means call it Prayer) vi^. Ahmghty Everlafitng God, fe-
htrvah^ Alpha, mi Omega^ Lord ef Lords ^ King.of Ktngs, the Everlafttng God,
thou kmmfi that I ant the true Jehovah when* thou haft fent. Shew feme
Miracle from the Clouds , for the converfion of thcfe Infidels , and deliver
me from my Enemies. The reft, too horrid and blafphemous to be
imparted to the; eyes ofafober Chriftian, I forbear to add. Let it
fuffice , that after lome firugling with the Hangman, and inany fearful
Execrations againft God and man, he was turned off the Ladder , and
ptefently cut down , ript up and quartered , according unto the Law In
that behalf. Unto fuch dangerous Precipices do men caft themfelves,
when they forfake the rule of the Church, and will not be content with
thatfobrietyinrhethings ofGod 5 which makes men wife unto falva:
tion. But as for niis two Prophets , they found different ends, though
they had fleered the fame courfe with him. C of finger by a wilful abfti-
nence ftarvecl himfelf in Prifon within few days after. But Arthingto.i
lived to fee his errors, was pardonned upon his rcpentance,and publiihed
a Retra(5lation of his follies, as became a Chriftian.
10. Many endeavours have been afed for freeing Cartwright and the reft
of the c\{idPreshyterians^ixom having any hand in thefe damnable prafti-
fes. And it is true enough,thatmany of them were fo wife,as neither to
admit them to a perfonal Conference,nor return anfwer tothofe Letters
which were fent unto them from the parties. But then it is as true with-
all, that Cojipinger had communicated his firft thoughts touching his ex-
traordinary catling, by feveral Letters writ to Cartmtght^Egerton, Tr4-
verSi Clark, Gardimr^Coefer, Philips, and others -, not to fay any thing of
Penri or W.iggi»gton, who feemed to have been of counfel with them in
the whole deiign. And it is alfo true, that when he defcended to parti-
cular^ in reference to the courfe which he meant to take in the prefenc
Exigent, they would by no means entertain any Mefsages frorii him, by
which they might be made acquainted with the Plot in hand. But then It
cannot be denied,that knowing them to be intent upon fome courfe which
they could not juftifie, they neither revealed it to the State, nor laboured
to difwade them from it , but feemed content to let them run their full
career , and then to take fuch benefit of it as the ifsue and fuccefs there-
of (hould afford unto them. And in this cafe it may be faid too jaftly in
the Orators language , that there was little difference between the advi-
vifino ofaFad, and the rejoycing at it when it was once executed :
and Kow they then could take the benefit of fuch a mifchief,with which
they had been pre- acquainted in the general notion , and either not be
joyful at it , and confequently be in the fame cafe wich fuch as had advi-
fed unto it, let them judge that lift. n. The
Lib. IX. ^fj^'^ifidivottiit^p^^ijtttvmi^:'
Bit
1 1, The dangers growing to the State by thefe odious pradifes, may
befiipp'feJ to iiaften the Arraignment of W^if/, one of the four which
had a hand in tliole fcurrilous Libels which fwarmed (o Jiuitierouily in
all parts of the Kingdom Anno 1 5885and the times fincefpliowing. But
inore particularly he flood charged for being the Author of a Book
called, T^je Dcm^nfirdtion of Difcifline which Chrijt hath frefcrihed m his IVord
for the Government cf bis Church ^ in all times andfUce until the Worlds end.
In tlie Preface whereof occurreth thefe paflages .• Fir'ftv'Me/infcribes the
fame not to the Governours, but to the fupfofedGovernour-s' of-the Church of
England. And then he flyesupon them in-thefefollowihg words^vizi
who can deny jcti without hlujhing , to he the caufe of all UngedUnefs ? feeing
fgMtg-your Government is that which giveth leave to a man to he anythim,favin^
a found chrijliai. For certainly^ it is more free in thefe days to he a. Papifti
Anabaptift, of the Family of Love '^ yia^as an'^ mofi wicked whatfoever
then that which we jhould he. And I could live thefe twenty yea'rs^M weU as ani
fuch in England , {yea in a Bijhefs Houfe it may be) and never be molefiedfer it:
So true is that which you are charged with in a Dialogue lately come forth againfi
you^ and firtcc burn'' dby you ^ That you care for nothiug but the maintainanceof
■pur Dignities^ be it to the damnation of your dwn fouls , and infinite millions mort.
For which whole Book, but more efpecially for this paffage in the Pre-
face of it, he was indi(5ted at an AfTizes held in Croydon for the County
o( Surrey on ihe i^dof^uly Anno 1590 v^nd by fufficient evidence found
guilty bf it. The Prifoner pleaded for himfelf,' That his Indidmeac
was upon the Statute of 23 Eliz, Cap. 2. for punifliing Seditious words
againft the Queen •, but that the Book for which he ftood accufed, c<)h-
tained no offenfive pafsages againft the Queen, but the Bidtops only^and
therefore could not come within the confipafs and intent (S>f that StafUte;
But it was anfvvered by the Judges, and refolved for Law, That they whi>
fpeak againjl her Majefiies Government w cafes Eccleftaflical^ her Laws^PrO'
ceedings, or Ecclefaflical officers ^ which ruled under her^did defame the f>ueen\
Which refolution being given and the evidence heard , he had ib gfiicS
favour (hewed him by confentof the Court , as to be put unto thisque-
ftion,thatis ro fay , Whether he would take it either on his confcience
or his credit , that he was not the Author of that Book : Which if he
would or could have done, it was conceived that both'the Judgesand
Jurors would have refted fatisfied. But he not daring to deny'it, the
Jurors could not othervvifedo, than pronounce him Guilty , upon fuch
evident proofs, and fo many Witnefles as werebrought againft him.
'But the Archbilhop being then at his Houfe in Croydon^ prevailed fo'far
in his behalf, that the Judges did fufpend the Sentence of hkcohderona-
tion. This Tryal hapncd in the interval between the f^veral Commit-
ments of 5»j/'f and Cartwright before mentioned , when the State had
taken up a refolution to proceed feverely againft the Difturbersof her
Peace 5 which gave fome occafion of offence to the Lord Chancellor
Hatton^ that the Archbidiop, who fcemed moft concerned in the prefent
cafe, (liouli fliow fuch favour to a man whom the Law condemned, and
by whofe frafonable execution, a ftop might poflibly be made to all fur*
ther troubles. , . , . v
1 2. But Snape and Cartwright ftill continued obftinate in^fyfing tlY<
Oath , and thefufpition growing ftrong of fome new defignS ,' h^ was
, ^ brought
jii C^el^iftojf oit^e^jessttttrian^, Lib.ix.
brought again unto the Bar at Southmrk^ in the March next followino
and there received the Sentence of death in a due form of Law. But
fuch was the exceeding lenity of the good Archbifhop , chat he looked
more upon the parts of the man, than upon his Paflions, upon his learn-
ing and abilities, though too much abuted , then the ill ufe that he made
of them in thofe ftirring times. And fo far he engaged himfdf with his
Royal Miftrefs> (who ufed to call him her Black Husband) that fhe gave
way to a Reprieve , though fhe could not eafily be induced to grant a
Pardon. Which ngtwithftandijig the Archbifhop could not fcape the
lafh of fome virulent Tohgues , by whom he flood more accufed for the
condemnation, than he was magnified for the Reprieve of the man con-
demned. And therefore it was after pleaded in his juflification , That
UMs Book, was clearly, within the compafs of the Statute 23 Elizak
C4/t..Z. for putiifhing Seditietts mrds a^ainfi the ^cen ^ according to the
refbktioJQ of the Judges before laid down. That divtrs Seditious Ser-
mons might have been objcifted againft him , as well as the making of
that Book,, which would have rend red him more culpable in thefi^ht
of his Judges •, and that whereas one Catsjield could have fpoken more
materially againft him, than any of the reft of the witntfTcs , he was ne-
ver called unto the Bar to give in his evidence, the Jurors being fully fa-
tisfied in the former proofs. So that the whole Indidment bring riaht-
ly grounded, the Profecution favourable, and the evidence full, the man
remained a living Monument of the Archbifliops extraordinary goodnefs
to him, in the preferving of that life which by the Law he had forfeited.
But. how long he remaii?ed alive , lam not able to fay ^ and therefore
fliall add only this. That he left a Son behind, called Ej)hraim, who af-
terwards wa^ beneficed at the (Zhurch of Sr. Aii^uftines , near St. FauH
vChurCh-yatd, and proved as great a Zealot for conformity , in the time
of icing C'/;4r/ci-,a$ his Father was reputed for his Non-conformity in the
tim^s we wri.t.e of. And he paid almoft as de^r for it, as his Father did,
being fequeflred about the year 1643, n^t fubmitting to fome Oaths and
Covenants then required of him •, his bed-rid Wife turned out of doors,
and left moft qnmercrfully iri the open Streets.
: 13,' Now w.hiWthe State was taken up in thefe criminal ProcefTes,
the learned m§n and others intcreffed on each fide , were no lefs bufied m
defence of their own concernments. Adrian Savaru born in the Lower
Cerminy., but better ftudied iq the Fathers than the moft of his Rank,
Iiad found by fearchinto their Writings, of what Antiquity and necefli-
•ly^th.e^ Callijig of Bifliops had been reckoned in the Primitive times,
even in the days of the Apofllesj but finding no encouragement to main-
t^n any fuch opinion in his Native Countrey , where the Preshperics
governed all, and Parity of Minifters was received as an Article of their
p,ublick ConfefTton •, he put himfclf upon the favour and Protedion of
1590. the Church of England. He had before faihiuncd his Reply to Bez,^'^
Book, entitulcd, E>e Tnfiici Epifcofatu^ ^s before was faid. But the firft
Piece publiflied by him en his coming hittierjwasa right learned Work,
entituled, Dedtverfis gradibus Mimjirorum Eva»geHi: In which he pro-
ved by undeniable Arguments, That Bidiops were a different Order,as
well as by E>f:grees fuperior to all other Fresbyters. This Book he de-
dicates to the Miniflers of the Belgkk ChurcheS; as appears by his EpiAle
dated
Lib. IX. ci^ i^iftoj^ Of t^ #je0j3?temnjj. 3^3
dated Af4rc^ 16, Anno 1 590. Amongft whom though he could not hop'e
for much approbation, yet he received but little or no oppofition. But
fo it prov'd not at Geneva^ where Beza governed, backed by Dauaus, and
the reft of the Conjifioruns ^ who looked upon it as deftrudive to theJr
■whole Contrivements.5^;rrf had other work in hand,and therefore leaves
him for the prefenttothe lafti oi Dansu-s , who falls upon him with Re-
proaches inftead of Arguments (as Saravia complained in his Reply) rec-
koning his Corpulency for a Crime, calling him Swineherd^ Hog^ a man
born only for the fluffing of a filthy paunch •, with many like (currilous
ftrains o^Gcnevian Rhetoric ^^5fS4 comes flovvly on,but he comes at laft;
not publifhing his Anfwer to it,till the third year after : to which Sam-
tj'iA replies in the year next following , Anno 1 594. In which he made
an exad parallel (amongft other things) betwixt the praftifes o^ Hacket
and the Puritan Fadion on the one fide, and thofe of ^oh^f of Leyden and
the Annhap'ifts when they reigned in Munfter. In the end Beza gave hini
over -, which raifed Jhim to fuch eminent note with the Englifh Prelates!,
that he was made a Prebendary o&Church oiWefimmfter-, and otherWife ^ "^'
■well provided for to his full contentment.
14. In the mea.n time the Minifter ofthe/^<j//4« Church in the City
0^ London could not reft fatisfied with the enjoying the fSraePriviledges
•which the French and 2)«^c^ Churches had before procured 5 butpu-
bliflied a Book in maintainance and commendation of the Holy Difci-
pline : which gave a juft occafion to Dr. Matthew SuttLjf^ then Dean of
Exon^ tofetouta judicious Work in Latin touching the nature of the d? i^;r<f c^.
truely Catholick and Chriftian Church 5 wherein he grated fomewhat '^'"^"'^ ^
hard on the Point of Pres(>pery ^and was the firft Enghp man that did fo in SfiT
the Latin Tongq|. And though he named Beta only,and no more than
named him 5 ytt Beza thought his name fo lacred , 01' himfelf fo high,
that he conceived himfelf to be much diftionoured ; reproaches him by
the name of a petulant Railer,and complains of the affront in an Epiftle
to the Archbiftiop o{ Canterbury. Bur he got nothing by the Bargain : pmUnteml'^-
For as he was handforaly fliaked up for it hy Saravia'\n his Replicati- (tridoUo. Sa-
on , fo the Archbiftiop in an anfwcY to the faid Epiftle, dated in January ^ '^^^' "^^^ '
1593, feverely reprehends him for his intermedling with the Church
of England, and plainly lays before him all thofe difturbanCes which by
his means had been occafioned in the fame : fo that being learnedly re-
futed by 54r ^4 on the one fide, and gravely reprehended on the other
by that Reverend Prelate, he grows wife at laft, leaving the EngUfh Pu-
ritans to their own defences. And more then fo in his Reply to his laft
Letter he gives him his due Titles, of the w<?/?i?fwrfW Father in chrifi,
and Bis Honoured Lord i, aifuring him, That in all his writings touching
church Governme/.t-, he impugned only the Romifh Flierarchy\ hut never inten-
ded to touch the Ecclefiajliaal Polity of this Church of England, nor to exact
of us to frame our [elves or our Church to the fatter n of their Presbyterian Di-
fcipline. And thereunto he added this fafe Conclufion, That as long us the
fuhflance of Dolfrine rvas uniform in the Church of Chrif}, they ma^ lawfullp
Viry in other matter s., as the circumftance of time, f lac c^ andferfons^ requires.
And as Prefcripion of Antiquity may warrant. And, to that end he wijhcd
and hoped^ that the Sacred and Holy Colledges of Bijlwfs ( for fo he
calls chem ) would for ever continue and maintain fttch thtir Righi
S f an4
/
314 '^¥ "^i^m of i%t ^tt^t^timm, jLib.ix.
and Title in the Churches Government , mth all Equity and Chr'ifu^n ModsrA-
tion. " '
\"'\<. Ac this time grew the Heats alio betwixt Hooker andTr.i^rrJ.• the
jirifl: being Mafter of the 'temfle , and the other Ledui er : Hooktr recei-
ved his Education in Corpus Chrifii Colledge in Oxon^ from whence he
came well flocked in all kind of Learning, but moft eipecially in Pa-
ther^j Councils, and other approved Monuments of Ecclefiaftical Anti-
quity. Tr avers was bred in Trinitj CoUedge in Cambridge^ well skilled in
the Oriental Tongues, and otherwife better lludied in words than mat-
ter,being Contemporary vf\^Cartmight,zni of hisaffediion .He fets up
his ftudies in Geneva, and there acquaints himfelf with Beza^ and the reft
,oF'thac Confiftory , of whom and their new Drfcipline he grew fo ena-
moured , that before his coming into EngU/id he was made Minifter (as
wellaf the leaftasfuch hands could makehim)by the Presbytery of ^»/-
werp,is appears by their Certificate , (for I dare not call them Letters of
Orders) dated iif4)H4, 1578. Thus qualified, he alTcciares himfelf with
'Cartmight^ whom he found there at his coming, in Preaching to the Fa-
ctory of i^g'///^ Merchants, and follows him not long after into England
alfo. By the commendation of fome Friends he was taken into the Houfe
oiWilliam Lord 5«r/«^^, whom hefervedfirft in .the nature of a Peda-
gogue to his younger Son, and after as one of his Chaplains. Preferments
could not chufe but come in his way,confidering the greatnefs of his Ma-
iler,whofe eminent Offices of Lord Treafurer,chief Secr^tary^and Mafter
of the Wards5Couldnot but give him many opportunities to prefer a Ser-
vant to the beft places in the Church. But Tr avers knew his incapacity to
receive fuch favours,as neither lawfully ordainecl,according to the Fornn
prefcribed by the Church oi England ^ nor willing to fubfcribe to fuch
Kltts and Ceremonies as he found were ufed in the fafee. But being a
oreat Fadlor for "promoting the Holy Difcipline, he gets himfelf into the
LeAure of the Temple •, which could not eafily be denyed , when the
Chaplain of fo great a Councellor was a Suitor for It.
■ \6. In this place he infinuates himfelf, by all means imaginable, into
the good affedions of many young Scudents^and fome great Lawyers pf
)30th Houfes, on whom he gained exceedingly by liis way of Preaching,
graced with a comely Gefture ,' and a Rhetorical manner of Elocution.
By which advantages he pofteft many of the longRobe with a ftrongaf-
fedion to the devices of Gencva^zndi with as great aprcjud,ice to the En--
glifh Hierarchy •, the fruits whereof difcovered themfelves more or lefs in
aU following Parliaments,when any thing concerning the Church came
in agitation. And by the opportunity of this Place, he had the chief maj-
pa^ing of the aft^airs of the Difciplinarians , prefiding for the moft part in
their Claffical Meetings , and from hence ilTying their Diredions to rhe
X€^ of the Churches. And fo it-ftood till Hooker's comins, to beMa-
flerswho.being'a man of other PrinQiplf.s,and better able to defend theiJi
jn,a vvay of Argument 5 endeavoured to inftrud his Auditors in fuch
F9iflb of Do<arinc'as might keep thera in a right perfwalion of|ljp
thqtjch of En<rland^as well in reference to her Governmcnt,ashcr Fornis
pfrferniip.Uiis troubled Tr avers at the heart,as it coold riotother\^^,
to fee that fine W^eb whichhe had been fo lotig inwetivin^, 'Ihould be
t^yis unravell'd;/ ; leather t^.a^ (q'^fifooker (h^il tell them nothing in the
'■■'" -^ • ' ' ' Morning,
Lib. IX. ^tiefifto?voft^e|^je5*lcertmt3?i< 31 j
Morning, but what he laboured to confute in the afternoon •, not doubt-
ing but that a great part of the Auditors would pafs Sentence for him,
though the truth might run moft apparently on the other lide. Hvoker
endured it for time j but being weary at the laftof the oppofition , he
complains thereof to the Archbiiliop, who had (defervedly) a very oreat
opinion of him •, and this complaint being feafonably made in that point
of time when Cartwri^k.Smpe^^ind other Leading-men of the Puritan Fa-
dion, were brought into the High Commiflion •, it was no hard mat-
ter for him to procure an Order to fupprefs his Adverfary,filenced from
Preaching in the TemfU^ and all places elfe. Which Order wasiflued
upon thefe grounds, that is to fay , That he was no lawftiUy ordained Mtni-
fter according to the church of England : That he took upon him to Preach
without being liccnfed: and, That he had prejumed openly to confute ftich Do-
cirineashadbeenpublickly delivered by another Preacher ^ Without any notice
given thereof to the lawful Ordinary, contrary to a. Provifisn made in the Seventh
year of the ^een for avoiding Difhrbames m the church.
17. But T><?wr/ was too ftiif, and too well fupported, to fit down on
the h'rft afTault : He makes his fupplication therefore to the Lords of
the Council, where he conceived himfelf as ftrong and as highly fa-
voured as Hooker was amongft the Bifliops and the High Commiflioners,
In this Petition he complains of fome obliquity in the proceedings had
againft him for want of fome Legalitiesinthecondud of it. But when
he came to anfwer to the Charges which'were laid upon him, his Defen-
ces appeared very weak and flat, and could not much conduce his juftifi-
cation , when they were fcrioufly examined in the fcale of Judgment,
His exercifing the Miniftry without lawful Orders., he juftified no other-
wife then that by the Communion ofSaints all Ordinations were of like
Authority in a Chriftian Church. The Bifliopof ZWo;z had commended
him by two letters unto that Society, to be chofen Ledlurer ; and that
he took for a fufficient Licenfe, as might enable him to Preach to that
Congregation. And as for his confuting in the Afternoon what had been
Preached by Mr. Hooker in the morning before,he conceived that he had
warrant for it from S. Pauls example,in withftanding S.Peter to his face
for fear left otherwife Gods Truth might receive fome prejudice. The
weaknefs and infutficiency of which Defences was prefently made
known in Hoeker's Anlwer to the Supplication. Which wrought fo much
upon the Lords , and was fo ftrongly feconded by the Archbilhop him-
felf, that all the Friends which Travers had amongft them could not do
him good •, efpecially when it was rcprcfented to them how dangerous
a thing it was, that a man of fuch ill Principles,and of worfe affedrions,
fhould be permitted to continue in his former Lectures 5 which,what elfe
were it, in efFed:,but to retain almoft half the L?i^ytx%.ot England to be of
Coiincilxn all Caufes which concerned the Church, whenfoever thofe of
the Genevian or Puritan Fadion (hould require it of them. But fo it hap-
ned, (and it hapned very wellfor Traversyihat the Queen had ereded an
Univerfity atDublin.,[n the year foregoing 1591-, Founding therein a Col-
ledge dedicated to the Holy Trinity-, to the ProVoftlhip whereof he was in-
vited by theArchbifhop of Z)»^//«,who had been once aFellow of the fame
Houle with him. Glad of which opportunity to go off with credit,he pre-
pares for Ireland,V>\\t long he had not dwelt^on his new Preferment,wfTen
S 1 2 , either
3 Id Cl)t^(fto^tof t^c^^je^bttcmnici, Libix.
either he proved too hot for the Place , or the Countrey (by reafon of
the following Warsj grew too hoc for him : Which brought him back
zgzia t.0 England ', where he lived a very great age in a imall Eftate,
more comfortably than before , becaufe leis troublefome to the Church
than he had been formerly.
1 8. Thus have we feen Tr&vers taken off, and Beza quieted -, nor was
it lon<^ before Cartven^ht was reduced to a better temper : But firft,it was
refolved to try all means for his delivery, both at home and abroad.
Abroad , they held intelligence with their Brethren in the Kirk of Scot-
Und, by means oi Penrj here, and of Cihjon there 5 two men as fit for
their defions , as if they had been made of purpofe to promote the mif-
Chief. Concerning which, thus Gib[on writes in one of his letters to Ccf-
finger before remembred 5 whereby it feems that he was privy to his
pradtifes alio. The hefi our Minifters (faith he) are mofi careful ofyar efiate .5
mdhadfent for that ejfe£t a Treacher of ours the Ufi Summer^ of pirfoje to con-
fer with the befi affected of your Church-, to lay dorvn a plot horv our Church might
befi travel for your relief. The Lord knows what care we h,ive of you bath itf our
fnblick and private Prayers^dcc. For, as feeling members cfor.c body^we reckon
the afftiftion of your Church to be our own. This lliowed how great they
were with child of fome good affections 5 but there wanted ftrengthto
be delivered for the burthen. They were not able to raife Fadtions in
theCourt of £«^/rfW, zsQ^eenEliz^deth had done frequently on their
occafions in the Realm of Scotland. All they could do, was to engage
the Kin<» in mediating with the Qaeen in behalf of Crr/n^rz-T-/;;, Udal, and
fome others of the principal Brethren then kept in Prifon for the contu-
macy in refufing the Oath. And they prevailed fo far upon him, who
was not then in a condition to deny them any thing , as to direct fome
lines unto her in this tenour following.
iS).ry Ight Excellent, High and Mighty Princefs , Our deareft
rV. 'Sifter and Couiin , in Our hearrieft manner we recom-
« mend us to you. Hearing'ofthe Apprehenfion of Mafter Wii/ri/,
' and Maftcr Cartwright, and certain other Minifters of the Evan-
'gel, within your Realm, of whofegooJ Erudition, and Faith-
'^ full Travel in the Church , We hear a very credible commen-
' dation, however that their diverfity from the Eiftiops and other
' of your Clergy, in matters touching their delation to work them
* your miflikingrat this time we cannot (weighing the duty which
' we owe to fuch as are afflided for their confcience in that Pro-
« feftion) but by our moft efFeduous and earneft letter , interpone
« us at your hands , to ftay any harder ufage of them for thac
* caufev Requefting you moft earneftly , That for our caufe
* and Interceffion , it may pleafe you to let them h; relieved of
« their prefent ftraic , and whatfoever further Accufation or pur-
* fuit depending upon that ground , refpeding both their former
* Merit in fetting forth the Evangel , the fimplicity of their con-
' ' fcience in this Defence,which cannot well bL',their lett by com-
* pulfion , and the great flander which would not fail to fell out
< upon their further ftraitning for any fuch occafion. Which
' we affure us, your Zeal to Religion, belides the e:5^pe(5lation we
'have
Lib. IX. ^e l^iftojf of mt WJ^^tte«<a«?* 3 ^7
<■ have of Your good will ro pleafurc Us, will willingly accord to
« Our Requeftjhaving fuch proofs from time to time, of oar like
'difpofitiontoyou, in any matter which You recommend unta
'Us And thus, Right Excellent, Right High, and Mighty
' Pri'ncefs, Our dear Sifter and Coufin, We commit You to Gods
< Protedion.
Edentforough^ ^nne
lo This Letter was prefented to the Queen by the hands of one
^tnhnhn a Merchant of that Nation then remaining in Lendon. But it
m-oduced not the effedt which the Brethren hoped for : For the Queen
looked upon it as extorted rather by the importunity of fome which were
then about him, than as proceeding from himfelf, who had no reafor*
tobetoo indulgent unto thofe of that Fadion This Projeft therefore ;
nnr fucceeding, they muft try another ., and the nexttryal (hall be made
on the Hi^^hCommiffion, by the Aunhority whereof, Crfrf«;r/g-k, and
s^dte and divers others, were committed Prifoners. If this Commiffi-
on co'uld be weakned,and the Power thereof reduced to a narrower com-
r.n re rhe brethren might proceed fecurely in the Holy Difcipline,the Pri-
foneis be rel.afed, and the Caufe eftabliftied. And for the queftioning
thereof they took this occafion : One Candrejs, Parfon oi North- Luff eng:
h m intheCounty of if»f/^«^,had been informed againft, about40 years
Let in the Hic'h Commiirxon,for preaching againft the Book of Com-
mon'Praver and refufing to celebrate Divine Service, according to the
Rules and Rubricks therein prefcribed. For which, upon fufficient
nroof he was deprived of his Benefice by the Bifhop of London, and
h -ft of the Queens Commiftioners for Ecclefiaftical Caules. Four
vears together he lay quiet, without ading any thing againft
the fentence of the Court. But now it was thought by fome of thofe
Lawvers, whom rr4^er. had gained unto the fide, to queftion the Au-
rhoriivofthatCommiflion, and confequently the illegality of his De-
privation . In n\Un Term, Anno 1 5 9 1 , the Caufe Was argued in the Ex-
chemer Chamber, by all the Judges, according to the ufual cuftom in all
c-iL of the like importance -, and it was argued with great Learning, as
-inDears bv the fum and fubftance of theirfeveral Arguments, drawn up
hw Coke, then being the Queens SoUicltor- General and extant amongft
the reft of his Reports,both in Englijh and Lam, infcnbed De ^ure Regis
VrrleCtadico ' but known moft commonly by the name ofCarvdreys Cafe,
l^thXblllno of which Point, the Refult was this. That the Statute
f o of the Qaeen, for refiorin^ to the Crorvn the ancient ^urijdiBion, SiC.
tr,\mztohe accounted iKtroduaory of a new Authority, which was not
■ the Crown before • but only declaratory oUnold^v^hich naturally and
iainally did belong to all Chriftian Princes, and amongft others alfo,
, fhe Kings of ErtgUnd. For proof whereof, there wanted not fuffici-
ent evidence in our EngHlh Hiftories, as well as in fome old Records of
unaueftioned Credit, exemplifying the contmual pradife of the Kings
of £;»f/W, before and fince the Norman Conqueft, m ordermg and dire-
ainc' matters which concerned the Church : In which they ruled fome-
^" o times
in
on
to
ent
/
3»8 Ci^^tfto?^ Of tK^^ttm^tmm, Lib. IX.
times abfolarely, without any difpute : and fomecimes relatively in re-
ference to fuch oppofition as they were to make againft the Pope'and all
Authority derived from the See of Home. '
41. Againft this Cafe fofolidly debated, and fojudidou fly drawn up
when none ofthePrntoProfcffors could make any Reply, r^r/^;?^ the
^efuit undertook it ., but fpent more time in fearching out -'ome contra-
ry Evidence, which might make for the Pope, than indifprovin^ that
which had been brought in behalf of the Queen. So that the^/trug-
lingonboth fides much confirmed the Power which they endeavoured
todeftroy-, the Power of that Commiflion being better fortified both
by Law and Argument, than it had been formerly. For, by the over-
ruling ofCarvdreys Cafe, in confirmation of the Sentence which was paft
againft him, and the great pains which Parfom took to fo little purpofe -
the Power of that Commiffion was fo well eftablifhed in the Courts of
Judicature, that it was afterwards never troubled with the like Dif
putes. The Guides of the Fadion therefore are retolved on another
courfe, To finke diredtly at the Root, to queftion the Epifcepal Power
and the Queens Authority, the Jurifdidion of their Courts the exa'
aing of the Oath called the Oath i?.vOj!j?f/^, and their other proceed
ings m the fame. And to this purpofe it was publiOied in Print by fome
of their Lawyers, or by their diredlions at the leaft, That men were hea
vily oppreffed in the Ecclefiaftical Courts, againft the Laws of the
Realm: That the Queen could neither delegate that Authority which
was vefted in it, nor the Coramiflioners to exercife the fame by her de-
legation : That the faid Courts could not compel the takina of the Oath
called the Oath Ex officio, fince no man could be bound in Reafon to ac
cufe himfelf j That the faid Oath did either draw men into wilful Per
jury, to the d^ftrudion of their fouls ; or to be guilty, in a manner of
their own condemnation, to the lofs both of their Fame and Fortunes
And finally. That the ordinary £///f^;^/ Courts were not to meddle in
anyCaufeswhatfocver, but only Teftamentary and Matrimonial • bv
confequence,not, m matter of Tythes, all Misbehaviours in the Church
orpunilliing of Incontinency, or Fornication, Aduhcry, Inceft or anv
the hke grievous or enormous Crimes : but on the contrary it was af
firmed by the Profeflbrs of the Civil laws. That toimpu-n the Autho
my which had been vefted in the Queen by Ad of Parliament was nol
thing in effed but a plain Invafion of the Royal Prerogative the open
ingofaway to the violation of the Oath of Allegiance, 'and confe
quently to undermine the whole Frameof the prefent Governmenx. Ic
was proved alfo. That the ordinary Z;.;/r<»;4/ Courts had kept therafelves
withm their bounds 5 that they might lawfully deal in all fuch caufes
as were then handled mthofe Courts , that their proceedings in the
fame by the Oath Exofjiai, was neither againft Confcience Reafon
nor the laws of the land -, and therefore, that the Clamours on the o-
ther fide were unjuft and fcandalous. In which, as many both Divines
and Civihans, dcferved exceeding well both of the Queen and the
Chutch 5 fonone more eminently then Dr. Richard cifins. Dean of the
Arches, in a learned and laborious Treatife by him writ and publiflied
called, Jnjpologjfor Prec&edwgs m Courts Ecclefiaftical, &c. Printed in
the year 1593.
22. But
LJb. IX. €:^e l^iftoj^ of t^e mt^htttmnsi. ^ 19
.,;22. But notwithftanding the legality of thefe Proceedings, the pu-
milling of fome Ring-kaders of the Puritan Fataion, and the imprifoh- ^^^^'
inentof others, a Book comes out under the name of J Petitie/t to htr
'^ajejly : Thefcope and drift whereof was this, * That the Ecclefiaftical
«- Government of the Church of jE;?^/4W, was to be chanced : That the
' Elderfliip, or Presbyterial Difcipline was to be eftablifhed, as beinc^ the
' Government which was ufed in the Primitive Church, and cemnian-
* ded to be ufcd in all Ages. That the Difciplinarian Fadlion hath not
' offended againft the Statute 23 Eliz.ca.p. 2. And, That ^ohft Udal was
' anjuftly condemned upon it. That the Confiftorial Patrons arc unjuftly
* flandered with defire of Innovation, and .their Dodrine with Difor-
' der and Difloyalty. And this being faid the Author of the Pamphlet
makes it his chief bufinefs by certain Quettions and Articles therein
propounded, to bring the whole EcckfialHcal State into envy and ha-
tred. This gave the Queen a full affurance of the reftlefs ft)int where-
with the Faftion was poflefled t, and that no quiet was to be expedted
from them till they were utterly fuppreft. To which end She ^ives
Order for a Parliament to begin in February,{Qr tht Ena6i:ing of fome
Laws toreftrain thofe Infolencits with which the Patience of the State
had been fo long exercifcd. The P«r/f(i«.f on the other fide are not cue
of hope to make fome good ufe of it for th»mfelves ^ prefumin* more
upon the ftrength of their Party, by reafoli of the Pragmaticalnefs of
fome Lawyers intheHoufe of Commons, than they had any juft ©round
for, as it after proved. To which end they prepared fome Bills fuffi-
Ciently dertrudlive of the Royal Intereft, the Jorifdiaion of theBifliOps,
and the whole Form of their Proceedings in their feveral Conrts. With
which the Queen being made acquainted before their meecino or 0-
t{i(^rwife fufpeding, by their former pra^ifes, whatthey meanVtodo 5
^It^ thought it beft to ftrangkthbfe Conceptions in the very Womb.
^A to that purpofe (lie gave order for theiignificationof her pleafure
CO the Lords and Commons, at the very firft opening of the Parliament'
That they fliiuld not pafs beyond their bounds •, That they fhould kee'p
tJiemfelves to the redrefUng of fuch Popular Grievances as were
<;omplained of to them in their feveral Countreys : but, that they
fiiould leave all Matters of State to Her felf and the Council! i
and all Matters which concefued the Church- unto Her ari4Her Bil
fbops. . ^i\\.'44 v>/\ ^i-^Av4:.-iA\\\:Ai .Vv:.\-:'\ ^'' .'
'35. Which Declaration notwithftanding, the Factors for tht Puritatis
are refolved to try their Fortune, and to encroach upon the- Queen and
j:h,e^Qhurch at once. The Queen was always fenfible of the Jnconveni-
enGes which might arife upon the ndrainating bf the nextSucccfTor
and knew particularly how much the Needle of the PuHfam Compafs
pointed toward the North: Which made her more tender in that point,
then flie had been formerly. Biit Mr. Peter Wentmrth^ whom before we
fpakcof, agreatZealot in behalf of the Holy Difcipline, had brought
one Bromley to his lure •, and they together deliver a Petition to the Lord
Keeper Puckering^ defiring that the Lords would joyn with them of the
Lower Houfe, and become Suppliants to the Queen for entailing of the
SuccefTJon of the Crown, according to a Bill which they had prepared*
At this the Queen was much difpleafed, as being dire(ftly contrary to
her
320
C^l^ifto^t ot t^ i^^e^bttertan^. Lib. ix. ^
her ftrid command •, and charged the Lords of the Council to call the
faid Gentlemen before them, and to proceed againft them for their dif-
obedience. Upon which fignification of Her Majeftics Pleafure Sir
Themoi Hemage, then Vice-Chamberlain, and one of the Lords of the
Privy Council, convenes the Parties, reprehends them for their Mif-
demeanour, commands them to forbear the Parliament, and not to go
out of their feveral Lodgings, until further Order. Being afterwards
called before the Lord Treafurer Burleigh^ the Lord Buckhurji^ and the
{iJ\di%\x Thorn as '^ ^f;*w«rf)& is fent unto the Tower, Bromley comm'wiz A
untothe Fleet, and with him WelJhzndStez'ens, two other Members of
that Houfe, were committed alfo, as being privy to the Projeds of the
other two. In whofe behalf when it was moved by one Mr. Wrothy
That the Hcmfe fliould be humble Suitors to HerMajefty for the relea-
iingoffuchof their Members as were under reftraint j kwas anfwered
by fuch of the Privy Councellors as were then Members cfthe Houfe,
That Her Majejly had committed them for caujes hefi known to her (elf -^ and^
that to prefs Her Highmfs with this Suit^ would but hinder thofe whofe good it
(ought. That the Houfe muji not call the £lueen to an account for what fhe did
c(her Royal Authority. That the Caufes (or which they Are refrained may he
■hi^h and dangerous* That Her Ma]efty liketh no fuch ^cftions, neither did it
hecome the Houfe to dealinfuchmatters. Upon which words the Houfe de-
fifted from interpoling any further in their behalf, but left them whol-
ly to the Queen, by whom PFcwfwr/A was continued Prilbn.r for fome
years after.
44. In the fame Parliament one Momfe^ Chancellor of the Dutch^
of JU;^c4/er, propofed unto the Houfe, That fome courfe might be ta-
Iten by them againft the hard courfes of Blfh ops Ordinaries, and other
Ecclcfiaftical Judges, in their feveral Courts, towards fundry goily
^inifters,and painful Preachers, who deferved more encouragem'm
from them. They alfo fpake againft Suhfcripion, and the Oath ^v
officio ^3^^^':)^^'^^^^ Bill unco the Houfe againft the imprifonment of fuch
asrefufed thefamc. Of this the Queen had prefent notice, and thereup-
on fends for Coke^ then Speaker ©f the Houfe of Comfnons, (but after-
wards fucceffively Chief Juftice of either Bench)to whom flie gave com-
mand to deliver this Me/lage to the Houfe •, that is to fay, That it was
wholly in Her Power to call^ to determine ^ to afent, or di/ent^ to any thing done
in Parliament. That the calling of this^ was only that the Majefy of Cod might
he more Religietify ohferved^ by compelling^ with fomefharf Laws., fuch ms neg-
leB that Service -^ andythatthe fafetyof her Majefies Perfon., and the Realm
mi^ht be prfividedfor : That it was not meant they (hould meddle with matters
of State., or Caufes Ecclefiafiical: That fhe wondered that any fheu Id attempt a
thin? (0 contrary to her Commandment : and., that She was highly offended at
it : and finally., that jt was her pleafure-, That no Bill touching ^ny matters of
■State, irfor the Reformation of Caufes Ec£lefiaJfical,Jhould be there exhibited.
On the delivery of which Meffage Morrife is faid to have been feized
on in the Houfe by a Serjeant at Arms 5 but howfoever, ft Ized on and
committed Prifoner, kept for fome years in Tutbury Caftle, difcharged
from his Office in the Dutchy, and difabled from any Pradice in his
Profellion : as a common Lawyer. Some others had prepared a Bill
to thiseffe(5l> That in lieu of Excommunication, there lliould be gi-
ven
Lib. IX . €;]^ ^iHopi of tije #iei3ljptcrianjf . 3 1 1
venfome ordinary Precefs, tvich fuch fute and coertiprt as thereunto
might appertain •, that fo the Dignity of fo high a Sentence being re-
tained, and the neceflttyofmeanProcefs fupplied, the Church mioht
be rclloredtoits ancient fplendor. Whidi Bill though; rdcottimended
fomtwhat incogitantly by one of theGravfeft Councellors of State which
Was then intheHoufe, was atfo dafhed by Her Majefties ejfprefs com-
mand, upon a Refolution of not altering any thing (the* quality of the
times coniidered) which had been fettled in the Church, .both by Law
and Practice. Which conftancy of hersin thepreferviji'^ of Her own
Prerogative and the Churches Power, kept down thatfwelling humour
o{ the Puritan Fadlion, which was even then upon the point of overflow-
ing the bankSj and bearing down all oppofition which was made againft
thtm.
• 25. And, that they might be kept the better in their natural Chanel,
(he caufed a"n Ad to be prepared and pafled in this prefent Parliament!
for retaining them, and others of Her Sabjeds, in their due obedience:
By which it was Enaded, ' For the preventing and avoiding of fuch Ip^
* conveniencits and Perils as might happen and grow by the wicked and
'dangerous Pradices of Seditious Sectaries, and Difloyal perfons 5
' That if any perfon or perfons above the age of fixteen years, Ihould
* obftinately refufe to repair to fome Church, Chapel, or ufual place of
* Common Prayer, to hear Divine Service eftablifhed, or (ball forbear
'to do the fame by the fpace of a moneth, without lawful caufe 5 or
' (hould move or perfwade any other perfon whatfoever, to forbear and
* abftain from coming to the Church to hear Divine Service, or ro re-
' ceive the Communion, according to the Laws and Statutes aforefaid-'
' or to come or be prefent at any unlawful Aflfemblies, Conventicles, or
' Meetings, under pretence of Religious Exercife, contrary to the Laws
' and Statutes made in that behalf^ or {hould at any time after 40 days
' from the end of that Seflxon, by Printing, Writing, or exprefs Words
•^or Speeches, advifedly and purpofely go about to move or perfwade a-
'nyofHer Ma)eftiesSubje(ils, or any other within Her Highnefs Realms
' and Dominions, to deny, withftand, or impugn Her Majefties Power
'and Authority in caufes Ecclefiaftical, united andannexedto theIm-
' perial Crownof the Realm : That then every perfon fo offending,
' and convicted of it, ihould be committed unto Prifon without Bail or
"• Main-prife, till he or they Ihould teftifie their Conformity,by coming
* to fome Church, Chapel, or other place of Common Prayer, to hear
*■ Divine Service, and to make open fubmiflion and declaration of the
' fame in fuch form and manner, as by the faid Statute was provided.
Kow that we may the better fee what great care was taken, as well by
the two Houfes of Parliament, as by the Qu^een Her felf, for prefcrving'
theHonourof the Church, the Jurildidion of the Biihnps.andthe Roy-
al Prerogative in both •, it will nor be amifs to reprefcnt that Form to the
eyeof theiJfd^fr, ia which the faid Submiffion was to be delivered. The
tenourwhereof was as foUoweth, ^';s,
26. 'I, A.B. do humbly confefs and acknowledge,That I have
' grievoufly offended God in contemning her Majefties godly and
' lawful Government and Authority, by abfenting my felf from
Tt Church,
322 Cl^ Pftoji Of t]^ t^je^fetterianis, Lib.ix.
' Church & from hearing Divine Service,contrary to the Godly
•= Laws & Statutes of this Rea]m-,& in ufing and frequenting dif-
< ordered and unlawful Conventicles and AlTemblies, under pre-
•^ tence and colour of exercife of Religion. And I am heartily
' forry for the fame, and do acknowledge and teftifie in my Con-
* fcience. That no perfon or perfons hath, or ought to have, any
' Power pr Authority over Her Majefty. Andl do promife and
* protefl without any diffimulation, or any colour of means o(
* any Difpenfation, That from henceforth I will from time to
* time obey and perform Her Majefties Laws and Statutes in re-
* pairing to the Church, and hearing Divine Scrvice,and do mine
* utmoft endeavour to maintain and defend the fame.
• 27. Thia Declaration to be made in fome Church or Chapel, before
the bcginuing of Divine Sierviee, within three moneths after the con-
Yi(5tion of the faid Offenders, who otherwife were to abjure the Realm,
and to depart the fame, at fuch time and place as lliouldbe limited and
aOigned unto them •, with this Provifo fuperadded. That if any of the
(aid perfons fo abjuring, fhould either not depart the Realm at the time
appointed, or ihould come back again unto it without leave firft gran-
ted } that then every fuch perfon fhould fuffer death as in cafe of Felo-
ny, withoutthebenefit of his Clergy. Andto fay the truth, there was
no reafon why any man {hould have the benefitof his Clergy,who fli«uld
fo obftinately refufe to conform himfelf to the Rules and Dictates of
the Church. Th.ere alfo was a penalty of ten pounds by the moneth im-
pofeduponallthofe who harboured any of the faid Piirituu Recufanti^ if
the faid ?«Wr;i»if(j<:«/4-^?J (not being of their near Relations) or any of
thenijAiould forbear coming to fome Church or Chapel, or other place
,, of Common. Prayer, to hear the Divine Service of the Church, for the
*Tpaceofa moneth. Which Statute being made to continae no longer
thcntill the end of the next Seflion of Parliament, was afterwards kept
li^ force from Seflion to Seffion till the death of the Queen •, to the great
prefervation of the Peace of the Kingdom, the fafety of Her Majefties
Perfon, and the tranquillity qf the Church, free from thenceforth from
any fuch difturbances of the Puriian Fa(aion, as had before endange-
red the Foundations of it.
28. And yet it cannot be denied, but that the feafonable execution
^^^* of the former Statute on Barrow^ Penry, and fome others of thefe com-
mon Barreters, conduced as much to the promoting of this general calm,
as the making of this. It was in the moneth of November^ 15 87, that
Henry Barrow^ Gentleman, and ^ohn Greenwood^ Clerk, (of whofe com-
mitment, with fome others, we have fpoke before) were public kly con-
vened by the High Commiflioners, forj^ holding and difperfing many
Schifmatical Opinions, and Seditious Do(5lrines, of which the principal
were thefe, 'viz. That our Church is no true Church. That the Wor-
ihip of the EngUP) Church is flat Idolatry. That we admit into our
Church unfandified perfons. That our Preachers have no lawful Cal-
ling. That our Govemmentis ungodly. That no Bidiop or Preacher pre-
cheth Chrift fincerely or truly. That the people of every Parifli ought to
chufe their BiQiop. And, That every Elder, though he be no Dodorot
Paftor,
Lib. IX. cije f iftw? of t\)e pm^tttviim 3 aj
Paftor, is a Bifiiop, That all of the Pfecifer forf, wEiO refufe tbe-Di?
remanies of the Church, /train at a Gnat, and fwalloW 'a Caiviel,:^ad
are'clofe Hypocrites, and walk in a left handed Policy,' ijia Cartwri^ht^
Wiggwgton^Sic. That all which make, teach, or ex'polind Printed ©r
'Written Catechifms, are idle i>hepherds,as £'4/x'z;>i!,^r/?«,'iViW(?//,i&c'.
' That the Children of ungodly Parents ought not to be baptized, 'ds of
'Ufurers, Drunkards, &c. and finally, that Set- prayer is blafphemou§i
On their Convention, and fjme fhort reftraint for -lb m^iny dota^esj
they promifed to recant, and were enlarged upon their Bonds. But be-
ing fet at liberty, they brake out again into further E.xcremities,and
drew fome others to the fide, almoft as mifchievous as chemfelves,' artd
no lefs Pragmatical: the principal whereof (not to take notice of the
Rabble of befotced people who became their followers) were Saxio Bil-
/ff. Gentleman-, Daniel Studley^ Girdler; Robert Bouler^ Fifh-monger-,com^
mitted Prilbners to the Fleet, with their principal Leaders, in the ^ulj
following.
29. The times were dangerous, in regard of the great Preparations
of the King of Spain for the invading of this Kingdom : which ren-
dred the imprifonment of thefe furious Sedaries as necefsary to the
prefcrvati )n of the publik fafety, as the fliutting up of fo many of the
Leading Pafijls into Wisbich Caftle. But fo it was, that the State being
totally takrn up with the profecutirn of that war on the Coafts of Spaift'^
and the quenching of the fire at home, which hadheen raifed by Carl-
tvright^Udal^ and the reft of the D/fciplwarians^ there was nothing done
againftthem, but that they were kept out of harms way, as the faying
is, by a dole Imprifonment. During which time Carwright, who was
their fello^^'-Prifon-^r, had a Conference with them, the rather, in regard
it had been reported from Burrows mouth, That he had neither aded nor
written any thing, but what he was warranted to do by Cartmrights Prin-
ciples. The Conference was private, and the refult thereof not known to
many, but left tobeconjedlured at by this following ftory. The Reverend
Whttgtft had a great defire to fave the men from that deftrudion in which
they had involved themfelves by their own perverfenefs •, and to that
end fends Dr. ihomns Rnvis^ then one of his Chaplains, (but afterwards
Lord Bifliop of London) to confer with Barrorv. At whofe requeft, and
fome diredlions from the Archbilliop, in purfuance of it, Cartrvright is
dealt with to proceed to another Conference : but no perfwafions
would prevail with him for a fecond Meeting. Which being fignified
to Barrow^ by the faid Dr. Ravis^ in the prefence of divers perfons of
good account, the poor man fetched a great figh, faying, Sh.ill ibe thus
ferfaken by him ? Was it not he that brought m: frji into thefe briars, and
will he now leav: m:in the fame ? IVus it not from him alone that I took my
grounds < Or, did I not out of fnch Premifes as he pleafcd tog,ve me infer thefe
Propofitions, and deduce thofe Conclufions for which I am now kept in Bonds ?
Which faid, the company departed, and left the Prifoners to prepare
for their following Tryal. By the Lnprifonment of Cartwright, the
Conjemnationof Udal, and the Execution of Hacket, the times had
been reduced to fo good a temper, that there could be no danger in
proceeding to a publick Arraignment. The Parliament was then alfo
fitting •, and poflible it is, that the Queen might pitch upon that time for
Tt2 their
324 Clel^iftojf Of t^e ^t^Hi^umi^. Lib.ix.
_ _ ' — '— ' ' ' ' - . ■ „ ■
theircondeinnation, to let them fee, that neither the fitting of a Par-
liament, nor aay Friends they had in both or either of the Houfcs,
could ekher ftaytbecourfeof Juftice,or fufpcnd the Laws. Certain
it is, that on the. 21 of March, 159^1, they were all indided at the
SciionsHall without Newgate, before the Lord Mayor, the two Chief
Juflices, fome of the Judges, and divers other Commifiioners of oyer
and Terminer, for writing and publiQiing fundry Seditious Books, ten-
ding tathe flander of the Queen and State. For which they were
found guilty, and had the Sentence of Death pronounced upon them,
March 23. TiU the Execution of which Sentence they werefentto
Newgate.
30. The fatal Sentence being thus paffed. Dr. Lancelot Andrervs^zi-
terwards Lord Bifliopof jE/^j Dr. Henry Frfrrf)*, afterwards Lord Bi(hop
of Worcefier -, Dr. Philip Bi([e, Arch-Deacon of Taunton •, and Dr. Thomas
white, one of the Refidentiaries of St. Pauls -, were ftnt to Barrorv, to ad-
vife him to recant thofc Errors, which otherwife might be as dange-
rous to his foul, as they had proved unto his b6dy. Who having fpenc
fome time to this purpofe with him, were accofted thus : ' You are not
' (faith he) the men whom I moft diflike in the prefent differences: For,
' though you be dut of the way, yet you think you are in the Right,and
' walk according to that light which God hath given you. But I can-
' not but complain of Mr. Cartmight, and all others of his Opinion,
•^ from whom we have received the truth of thefe things, and by whbfe
' Books we have been taught,that your Calling is Antjchrifttan. And yet
' thefe men, faith he, forfake us in our Sufferings, againfl their confci-
' ences, and rather chufe to fave their lives, than go out o'i Babylon. To
which when DtWhite objc(aed,That thole Callings, which he reproach-
ed as Anttchnflian, had been embraced by Archbifliop Cranmer, Bifliop
Ridley^, and divers other godly perfons, who fuffered Martyrdom for
their Religion in Qiieen ^-/<jWf J days. Barrow thus glorioufly replies,
Mofi true it is (quoth he) that they and others were Martyrs in ^en Maries
da)S', bia the^e holy Bands of mine (and therewith fliook his Fetters) are
much more gloriom then any of theirs.^ h:cau[e they had the Mark of Antichrifl
in their hands. Such was the Fortune of thefe men, that thefe learned
Do(5tors could do as little good upon themjas Cartwrtght and his Fellows
had done before ^ though, to fay the truth, it had not been in Cart-
nri'rhts power to have changed their minds, unlefs he had firft changed
his own. And thereupon it was very well faid by Dr. ^ohn Surges,
(who had been once one of C^rm'n^/'^j Followers)' That he was, ande-
* ver had been of that opinion. That no juft confutation could be made
* of the Separatijls, by any of the Non-Conformifis, who had given them
' their Principles. That though he had feen Ibme endeavours that way,
' yet did they never (atisfie him in point of Confcience. That the Ar-
*cruments publiQied in his time againft Conformity were pretended
' for the ^rounds of the Separation. That the Sefaratifts did pretend
* their Pedi<^ree from none but the Puritans ^ which no man can den^
'(faith he) tliat hath any Modefly. And finally, that therefore the
*■ Puritans m\o\\\. well call them their dear Brethren of the Separatirn^ as
< Dighto^ and fome others had began to do. To bring this bufinefs to
an end, Barrow and Greenwood were brought to Tihrn in a Cart, on the
laft
Lib. IX. Clje l^tftoj^ of tf9t i^?e0lj^tertafijS.
laft of March •, and having been expofed for fomc timeco the fight of
the people, were carried back again to Ncngate. ' But no repentance
following on the fenfe of fo great a mercy, they were both handed at
Tiburn on the-fixth o( Apnl. The other three being reprieved, ''with
iome hope of.pardon, as being only acceifary to the Crimes of the O-
ther.
31. In J/rf; next following Pc/try is brought upon his Tryal - a man
of moft Sedicious Malice, and one of the chief Penners of thofe fcur-
rilousLibells which had pa (Ted under the name o{ Martin Mar- Pretaie.
But nor content with having a hand in thofe Peflilent Pamphlets, but
niuft needs take upon him lohz i\\z Inter -Nuncio^ or common A^nt
between the Presbpers of Scotland^ and th e Engltjh Puritans. Ha'vin^
enflamed the Scots unto fome Seditions, he remained Lei^ei there tilt
the beginning of /f^c^ers Treafons, and thereupon writes to ^r?)&;«f/<;»
ta this effedl, That Reformation mttfi be fhortlj ere£iedtn England •• And
thereupon he makes for London^ to have play'd his pranks, if their
Defign had rpok effcci: •, it being his hope, as poflibly it was the hope
of all the reft of that Fadiion, That on the Proclamations which were
made by Hackefs Prophets, the people would have been incited to an
Infurrc^aion. But when he faw thofe hopes deluded, and ^4c^<f? exe-
cuted, his guilty Confcience prompted him to fear the like cruel death,
which hurried him again to Scotland ; wher'e he remained till the be-
ginning of the Parliament before remembred. At what time ftealino-
privately back again towards London^ he was difcovered at Stcbttnheth^
(commonly called Stepnj) apprehended by the Vicar there, committed
Prifoner, tryed at the Kings-Bench-Barr, at Wefimlnfter-Hall, con-
demned of Felony on the Statute of 23, Eliz,. and executed not loncj af-
ter at St. Thomas of Waterings 5 but executed with a very thin company
attending on hmi, for fear the Fellow might have raifed fome Tumult,
either in going to the Gallows, or upon the Ladder. But what hc-could
nut do when he was alive, was put into away of being aflFc-ifteJ when
the Hang-man had done his office, by publilhing one of his Seditious
Pamphlets, entituled, The Htpry of Corah, Dathan, and Abiram,
'ApfUedlo the Prelacy And Minifiry of the church of England 5 by Mr, John
Pcnry, a Martyr of ^efmChrift^ as the Pamphlet calls him. The Work
not finillied at the time of his Apprehenfion , but was Printed however
by fome zealous Brother, that he might p^yfon the Qjeen's Subje(5h
as well dead as living.
32. To which end we are told in the Preface of it, by the zealous,
or rather Seditious Publidier, ' That the Author, Mr. ''jehn Penry^ was
*a Godly man. Learned, Zealous, and of a moft Chriftian Carriage
* and Courage. That he was born and bred in the Mountains of Wales,
'• and with all godly care and labour, endeavoured to have theGofpel
< preached amongft his Countrey-men, whofe cafe he greatly fcemeJ
''to pity, wanting all the ordinary means for their falvation. That
"■ being ufed by God for a fpecial Inftrument in the manifeftation of his
'Truth, he was hardly entreated, imprifoned, condemned, andexecu-
«ted-, andfo fuffered Martyrdom for the Name of Chrift. But more
'particularly, That he was adjudged at the King's- Bench by Sir ^T^o/;;?
* j?opham, Lord Chief Juftice, and the reft of the Judges then affcmbled
3 15
' on
^ ^ - _— — T—
'on the 25^/^ of the fifth Moneth, and executed at St. Thomai o^Wate- v
^ rtn^s^ near London.^ on the ^9th of the lame, in the year of our God
' 15^3- And finally, That he W2S not brought to execution the next
'fccond or third day, as moft raen expeded -, but, that when men did
' leaft look for it, he was taken while he was at dinner, carried in a
"• dofe manner to his Execution, and haftily bereaved of his life, with-
'out being fuffered (though he much defired ) to make a declaration
« of his Faith towards God, or his Allegeance to the Queen. And in
'aPoftfcript to the fame he concludes it thus, viz,. That he was ap-
<= prehended, adjudged, and extcuted, for writing for the Truth of
' Chrift, whatfoever other things were pretended againft him. Let
QS no longer blame the P4/>//?j for making Martyrs of fuch Priefts and
Jefuits as fuffered death according to the Law of the Land, for their
feveral Treafons : the Furitans, or Fresbjterians^ have their Martyrs al-
fo, P^»n/and Backet^ and the reft, condemened by the fame Laws, for
their Treafons and Felonies. And if thefe men, with Barrow^ Grcen-
jvoody and the reft, who had gone before them, muftpafs in our account
for Martyrs, becaufe they fuffered in purfuance oftheHoly Difciplinej
there is no queftion to be made, but Cartrvrigk, SnAfe with fuch as
fuffered only by Imprifonment, or the lofs of their Benefices, muft be
marked for Cc»/f/orij in the next fetting out oi Gcllibmnds Calendar,
vvhenfoever it be. Which, as it was the higheft honour that any of
Carmrighfs Friends can pretend to for him-, foin himfelf he feemed
not very ambitious of thofe glorious Attributes, which could not other-
wife be purchafed then at Pfwry's Price.
33. For now perceiving, when too late, to what calamitous and
miferable Ends he had brought his Followers, what horrible Confufi-
ons haddifturbed the whole Church by his obftinate Follies-, he was
contented to knock off, and to give way to thofe Prudential Confidera-
tions which the complexion of Affairs did fuggeft unto him. He faw
too clearly, that there were no more Wnlftr/ghams or Leicefiersu the
Council-Table. That the Archbifhops little finger moved more pow-
erfully there, then thofe few Friends which durft fpeak for him be-
ing put together. That the Chief Juftice Popfj.tm was a man of a ridg-
ed nature, not to be trifled with, or took off from the profecution, if
he fliould come within the compafs of the Law. And finally, that
though the Statute made in the laft Seffion feemed chiefly to relate un-
to the Brethren of the Separation •, yet there mightbe fome way or o-
ther to hook in all the Zealots for the Difciplinealfo, if they did any
thing in derogation of the prefent Government. Of thefe Relentings
fome intelligence had been given to Archbiftop ffhitgiff, who thereup-
on refolved to work fome imprefllon on him, when he found him like a
piece of Wax well warmed, and thereby fitted to receive it. Inwhich
Refolution he applies himfelf unto the Queen, from whofe Clem.ency
he not only obtained for him a Rcleafe from Prifon, but made it the
more comfortable by a gracious Pardon for all Errors paft. He fuffered
him moreover to return to Warrvick, where he was Mafter of the Hof-
pital founded by th« Earl of Leicefier^ as before is faid, and there per-
mitted him to preach ^ though with this condition, That he fhould nei-
ther Write, nor Preach, nOr hCt in any thing to the difturbance of the
Church,
h Lib, IX. ctK5 f tfto?i? Of ttje ^m^ttttitm, 317.
■-Churcbj either in reffrence to her Government, or Forms of Worfhlp,
And though it be affirmed, That C/zr/wr^fg-Z^f kept himfelf within thofc
Reftritftious ;:yct when the Queen had notice of it, flie %'as much dif-
pleafed, and not a little blamed the Archbirtiop for it : ButhebeheM
not Cartmight^ as he had done Travcrs^ though both pretending to the
Ordination of a Forein Presbytery. For Tr^wr^ never had any other
■Hands impofedoa him, then thofeof the Presbytery of ^rtP(?r/>, which
might ftand for nothing. But Cartwytght was firft lawfully ordained in
the Church, oi EngUnd', the Character whereof could not be oblitera-
ted, though it might pofltbly be defaced, either by che Refcinding of
his Letters of Orders (which fome fay he did) or by the fuper- addition
of fuch other Hands as were laid upon him, after the falbion oi Geneva,
Neither was Cartwright fo infenfible of the Obligation, as not to know
and to acknowledge by whofe Favour he received that Freedom-,carry-
ipg himfeif for that time forwards to the Archbifhop, both in his Let-
ters and Addreffes, with as much refped as any of the Regular and
Conformable Clergy •, continuing in that peaceable difpofition, till the
time of his death •, which hapned about ten years after his enlargement
that is to fay, on the 27?^ day of December, AnnoiSo-^.
34. But the ArchbiQiop ftayed not here ; he knew right well, that
Puniftiaient without laftrudion would not edifie much with men of
common onderftandings •, and therefore carefully employed bothhini'-'.
fplfand others in giving fatisfadion to all doubting judgments. For his
own part,he wrote this year his long and learned Letter to Theodore Beza,
which before we fpake of •, and therein calmly laid before him that
deplorable Rupture which not without his privity had been made, iii
the Church of England. Which point he preft upon him with fuch
Chrlftian Modefty, and did withall fo dearly juftifie this Church in her
vyholc proceedings, that .S^^^/J could riot but confefs himfeif to be con-
quered by his future carriage,which from thenceforth breathed nothino-
elfe but Peace to the Church it felf,and dutiful refpedls to that Reverend
Prelate. And for the fatisfaiaion of all Parties interefted among ft our
felvcs, a Book was publilhed this yearalfo by Dr. Thomas Bdfon^ then
.Warden of the College near Wmhefler, concerning The perpetual Govern-'
went of the Church of Chnfi; proving therein, That from the time of Chrift
himfeif till thi fe later days, neither the Univerfal Church, nor any Na-
tional or Provincial Church, in what place foever, had been governed o-
therwife then by Bllbops and their Under-Officers. True, other Books
were publillied at the fame time alfo, by Dr. Richard Bancroft, fo often
mentioned ^ the one for the undeceiving of the people, ( who had been
?niferablv abufed by fuch counterfeit Wares ) entituled, A Survej sfthe
fretended Holj Difcifline. The other to inform them in the Dangerous
Fofitions gnd Proceedings puhlijlied and pra^ifed in this Ijland ef?)xkzln, un-
der pretence o/Reformation, c5^c. which was the Title of the Book. The
hke courfe was alfo taken for the juftification of the Bifliops Courts, by
publifhing the Apology of Dr. Cofens before remembered. And becaqfe
Hacket's Trealbns had been built on no other Foundation, then that the
Holy DifcipUne might be raifed upon them, a Narrative thereof is
penned by Dr.' a Doftor of Civil Laws, colleded for
the moft part out of the Letters and Confeflions of fome Difciplini'i
rians.
J jg €tjtm^m of t^ ^it?>wtxm$. Lib. IX.
rians which either had been intercepted, or perfwaded from them. A'
coutfe exceeding profperousto allthofe whom ic moft concerned. For
the Archbiihop by this means went in peace to his Gravei^*?^;*: was gra-
tified by him with a liberal Penfion,£//y^« within a ftiort while after made
Bifhop of Winchefier 5 Bancroft preferred about the fame nme ro the See
Xii London •, Cofens^ for his encouragement, made Dean of the Arches.
25. And though we find not any Preferment to be given to Cartwright^
vetw^s ita Preferment to him to enjoy his Miniftry ^ by means where-
of he is affirmed to have grown very wealthy,partly by the Revenues of
his Place in the Hofpital, and partly by the Bounty and Munificence of
his conftant Auditors ♦Only it is reported of him, that towards his end
he was afflided vv^ith many infirmities •, infomuch, that he could not o-
therwife apply himfelf unto his Studies, then upon his knees •, which
feme were willing to impute as a judgment on him, for having fo bitterly
inveighed againft all fuch men as in that reverend and religious pofture
did receive the 54fr4»»f»f. Some alfo have informed us of him, That
uotwithftanding all his Clamours, and Tumultuous manner of proceed-'
inos a'^ainft the Church, he could not chufe but confefs there was more
Dlfcipline exercifed in the Church of England^ x.\\tx\ ia any of thofe
Churches beyond Seas which himfelf had i'een. Which words, as he is
faid to have fpoken to one Mr. Woods-) then Parfon of Freckenham ia Nor-
folk., durinf» the time of his imprifonment in the Fleet •, fo the faid Woods
reportedtnem to Dr. ^o^/»^«rff^, before- mentioned, and from him I
have them. But I had brought the man to his Grave before,and (hould
not have difturbed his reft by thefe fad remembrances, if the Honour of
the Church oiEnglandwere not fome way vindicated as well by the one
as by the other. 1 hus, as before we brought the Presbyterians in Scotland
totheirgreateftheight, in feeing their Difcipline eftabliflied by Laws,
and confirmed by Leagues : fo have we brought the Englifh Puritans to
their loweft fall, by divers fliarp Laws made againft them, fome fevere
Executions done upon them for their tranfgrefiing of thofe Laws, their
- principal Leaders humbled, or cut ofFby the Sword of Juftice, and the
whole j»/<if/&/»<i of their Devices brought to utter ruine : not the lefs a-
dlive for all this to advance the Caufe., though after a more peaceful
and more cunning way-, fo much the more dangerous to this Church,be-
caufe lefs fufpe(5ted, but not fo dofely carried as to fcape difcovery. And
the firft pradife which they fell upon was this that followeth.
36. It hath been an ancient Cuftom in the City of London^ to have
three folemn Sermons preached on Monday, Tuefday, and Wednefday^^'m the
Rafter, Week, at the place commonly called the Spittle ^ being a diffol-
ved Hofpir.al not far from J5;/;iJ//-_f4rtf •, at which the Lord Mayor and
Aldermen ufcd to be prefent in their Robes, befides a great concourfe
of Divines, Gentlemen, and other Citizens : For the performance of
which Work a decent Pulpit was erefted in an open place, which had
been part of the Church-yard •, the ordinary Hearers fitting upon Forms
before the Pulpit •, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and their Wives, with
other Perfons of Quality, in two handfome Galleries ^ to which was ad-
jroA, ded, in the year 1594, a fair large Houfe for the reception of the
'' Governours and Children of the Hofpital, founded in the Grey Friars.
who from thenceforth were tied to attend thofe Sumons. At what time
alfo
Lib. IX. Cl^ ^iHo?^ of tl^e ^^^tt^tmnfi.
ZX9
alfo the old IHilpic was taken down, and a new ftt up, { witli the Prei^-'
chtrs face turned toward the South, which had before been towards the
Wtft-, for loin former times the Pulpits Were generally placed in all
Churches of Ei}gUnd^ to the end that the peoples faces,/ih' all atits of
Worfliip, might look toward the Eaft, according to Dheciiftom of ehe
Primitive times. Which alteration feemed to be made upoadefignjthac
without noife, or any notice taken of it, they might by little and little
changethe pofture of Adoration from the Eaft to the Weft, orany o-
■ther point of the Compafs, as their .humour ferved. In which firil they
were fliewed the way by Sir ?fi://^6'r Mildmaj, in his Foundation of the
Chapelof£w*i««e/ College, 1585. Who being a great favourer of the
FiintanFaffm^s^a.vtQtder for this Chapel to ft and North and South
and thereby gave example unto'others to affedthe like. Which brinc^s
into my mind a Projed: o{ Tiberius Grace hiis^ont oi t\\^ raoft Seditious of
the Roman Tribunes-^iox transferring the Supreme Power of the Common-
wealth, from the Lords of the Senate, to the People: for, whereas for-
merly all Orators in the Publick AfTembiieSjUfed toaddrefs their fpee-
chestothe Lords of the Senate, as the Supreme Magiftrates, ihxscrac-
c^«f turned his face x.o the-common people-, and by that Artifice, (faith
Plutarch) transferred unto them the Supreme Majefty of the Roman Em-
pire, without Noife or Tumult.
37, But it is now time to look back towards Scotland^ where we left
them at their higheft, and the poor King fo fettered or intangled by his
own Concefllons, that he was not able to ad any thing in the Kirk,and
Very little in the State. He had not very well digefted their Refufal to
fubfcribc to his Articles, mentioned in the clofe of the former Book
when helield an Affembly at Dundee^ in the end of ^pril^ 1 593*, at what
time the King, being well informed ofthe low condition of xhe Englijh
'Paritarjs, fent Sir ^ames Mehin to them with thefe two Articles, araonoft
many others. In the firft of which it was d-clared, ' That He would
' not fuffer the Privilege and Honour of his Crown to be diminilhed
' and Aflemblies to be made when and where they pleafed •, therefore
'willed them, before the difsolution of the prefent Afsembly, to fend
'two or three of their number, by whom they ftiould know His mind
' touching the time and place of the next Meeting, And in the fecond it
' was required, That an Ad fliould be made, inhibiting Minifters to de-
* claim in the Pulpit againft the proceedings of His Majefty, and the
* Lords of his Council-, which He conceived he had good reafon to defire,
' in regard that his Majefties good intentions were well known to them-
* felves, for maintaining Religion and Juftice, and ofthe eafie accefs
'that divers of the Miniftry had unto him, by whom they might ii^rnifie
/ their Complaints and Grievances. To the firft of which two Articles,
they returned this Anfwer, ' That in their Meetings they would follow
' the Aft of Parliament made by Him in the year preceding. And to
thefecond, theyreplyed, 'Thattheyhad made an A dt, prohibiting^ all
' Minifters to utter in the Pulpit any rafli or irreverent fpeeches againft
* His Majefty, or His Council •, but to give rheir Admonitions upon juft
'andnecefsary Caufes, in fear, love, and reverence. Which feeming to
■ the King to ferve then rather for a colour to excufe their Fadioufnefs,
U u then
33© de ^iftojt of t^ ^jc0biter(anjj, Lib.i>^
then to lay any juft reftraint upon it,^ he turned a deaf Ear to their Peti-
tions, as well concerning his proceeding with the Popiili Lords, as a-
gainft theercfting of the Tythes into Temporal Lordlhips. In this Af-
fembly alfo they paffed an Ad, prohibiting all fuch as proftfTed Religi-
on, to traffick in any part of the Dominions of the King of Sfatn^ where
the Inquifition was in force. And this to be obfcrved under the pain of
Excommunication, till His Majefty could obtain a fne Trade for them,
without fear of any danger to their Goods or Confciences. Which being
complained of to the King, and by him looked upon as an Intrenchmenc
upon the Royal Prerogative, the Merchants were encouraged to pro-
ceed as formerly. In oppofition whereuntOjthe Minifters fulminate rheit
Cenfuresjtill the Merchants generally made offer to forbear that Trade,
asfoon as their Accounts were made, and that their Creditors in thofe
parts had difcharged their Debts. They pafs'd another Order alfo in the
faid Aflembly, for putting down the Mondays Market in the City of t-
denhreugh, under pretence that the Sabbath was thereby prophaned.
Which To difpleafed the Shoo-makers, and other Artificers, that they
came tumultuoufly to the MiniflersHoufes, and threatned to turn them
out of the City, without more ado, if ever that Ad were put into exe-
cution. For fear whereof, that Paojtd was daftied for ever after •, and
thereby an occafion given unto the Court to affirm this of them. That
Rafcals and Servters could obtain that at the Mtnijlers hands ^ rrhich the King
was not able to do m matters jar more ;"«/? andreajonahle. To fuch audacioul-
nels were they grown upon the filly confidence ot their own tftablifh •
ment, as to put limits upon Trade, difpofe of Markets, and proftitute
both King and Coucil, to the luft of their Preachers. But we will let
them run unto the end of their Line, and then pull them back.
38. And firft. We will begin with the Confpiracies and Treafons of
francti Steward, Eitlof Eothmlli Sonof^dn, Pi'iotoiColdinghamjOne
of the many Baftards of K. ^ames the Fifth-, who, by the Daughter and
Heir o^^ames Lord Hefborrt^ the late Earl of ^(^r^jrf/Z^becam.e tne Father
of this Francis. A man he was of afeditious and turbulent nature, prin-
cipled in the Dodrines of the Presbyterians^ and thereby fitted and difpo-
1585. fed to run their courfes. At firft he joyned himfelf to the banilhed Lordsy
who feized upon the King at Sterling-., not becaufe he was any way enga-
ged in their former Pradifes,for which they had been forced to flye their
Conntrey 5 but becaufe he would ingratiate himfelf with the Lords of
that Fadion,and gain fome credit with the Kirk. But being a man alfo
of a dilTolute Life, gave fuch fcandal to all Honeft and Religious men,
that in the end to gain the Reputation of a Convert, he was contented
to be brought to the Stool of Repentance,to make Confellion of his Sins,
I y 90. and promife Reformation for the time to come. Prefuming now upon the
Favour of the Kirk, he confults with Witches, enquires into the Life of
the King, how long he was to Reign, and what fhould happen in the
Kingdom after his deceare-,& more then fojdeals with the witch o^Keithy
particularly ,to employ her Familiar to difpatch the King, that he might
fet on foot fome title to the Crown of that Realm. For which notorious
crimes,(& fo efleemeJ by all the Laws both of God & Man)he was com-
mitted unto ward,& breaking Prifon was confifcated.,proclaimed t<aytor
& all Intelligence & Commerccintcrdided with him. After this,hepro-
jed?
m. IX. ctic i^titotr of ftje ^t^&\3%tzvum,
33*
jeds a Faclioa in the Court it felf, under pretence of taking down the
Power and Pride of the Lord Chancellor then being. But finding him-
felf too weak to atchieve the Enterprife, he departs fecretly into Eft-r-
Und. His Fadion in the Court being formed with Ibme more Advantag'e,
he is brought privily mto the Palace of Haly- £00 dHouk, makes himl'elf
Mafter of the Gates, fecureth the Fort, and violently attempts to feize
rhe King. But the King hearing of the noife, retired himfelf to a ftrong
Tower, and caufed all the PalTages to be locked and barred. Which
Bothmllnot being able to force, he refolvesto burn the Palace and the
King together. But before Fire could be made ready, the Alarm was
taken, tlie Ederibotirgers raifed, and the Confpiration compelled, with
the lofs of fome of their Lives, to quit the place.
39. The next year he attempts tha like at Falkland^, where hefhow- ^^^^'
ed himf.lf vi^ith a Party of fix-fcore Horfe -, but the reft of the Confpi-
rators not appearing, he retires again, is entertained privately by fome
eminent Perfons •, and having much encreafed his Faction, lives con-
cealed in Enghind. The Queen negotiates his return •, and by the Lord
Burrough Iier AmbafTador, defires the King to take him to Grace and
Favour. Which being denyed, a way is found to bring him into the
King's Bed chamber,' together with one of his Confederates, with their
Swords in their hands, followed immediately by many others of the ^^^^*
Fa(5tion, by whom the King is kept in a kindof Cuftody, till he had
granted their Defires. Atlaft, upon the Mediation of the Englijh Am-
bairador,and fome of the Minifters ol Edcnberough^ who were of Coun-
fel in the Plot, the King is brought to condefcend to thefe Conditions;
that is to fay, Th^t Pardon (ho/iUk given to Bothwtll, and his Accompli-
ces .y for all matters fafi •, and that this Pardon jhould be ratified by A5l of Par-
liament^ in '^ovzmhtT following '.That ^ in the meantime^ thz Lord Chancel-
lor .^ the Lord]^\\\x\t^ the M.)fier of Ghmmlr, rf^^^/r Gforge Hume,(who
were all thought to favour the Popifli Lords ) jhonfd be excluded from the
Court. And- finally, r/;4/ Bothwell and all his Party., flwuld be held good
Suhje£ts. But thefc Conditions being extorted, were not long made
good-. Agreed on Jug/tfi the i/^th., and declared void by a Convention
of Eftates at Sterling., on the ytho^ September. Some Troubles being
raifed upon this occafion, and as foon blovvnover-, ^o/y^w£/^ is cited to
ap^ca.Y zt Edenborsiigh -, and failing of his day,is declared Rebel; which
only ferved to animate him to fome greater Mifchief : For, beinc^ un-
der hand affifted by the Englifh AmbafTadofjhe prepares new Forces de- '
-fires the Lords which were of his Confederacy to do the like, under
pretence of banifliing the Popifli Lords ; but in plain truth to make the ^^94»
Kingofno fignlfication in the Power of Government. Accompanied
with Four hund'red Horfe, he puts himfelf into Z-eZ/^/^r, to the great af- (
frightment of the King, who was then at Edenborough. But under-
ftanding that the reft of his Aflociates were not drawn together, it was
thought good to charge upon him with the Bands of that City, and fome
Artillery from the Caftle, before his numbers were encreafed. Which
Counfel fpedfo'^welL, that he loft the day, and therewith all his hopes in
Scotland., and in England too,
40. For Queen Elizabeth being fenfible at the laft of the great Diilio-
ngur which Oie had drawn upon her felf by favouring fuch an Infamous
Uu 2 Rebel,
332 C^ l^i&m of ti^c t^?e0l)fterfaHjS. Lib.ix
Rebel, caufed Proclamation to be made, That no man fliould receive or
harbour him within her Dominions. And the Kirk, moved by her ex- .
ample, and the King's Requeft, when they perceived that he could be
no longer ferviceable to their Ends and Purpofes, gave Order that the
Minifters in all Places (hould diffwade their Flocks from concurring
with him for the time to come, or joyning with any other in the like In-
furredlions againft that Authority which was divefled by God in Hi?
Majefty's Perfon. The Treafons and Seditious pradifes of which man
I have laid together,the better to exprefs thofe continual Dangers which
were threatned by him to the King 5 by which he was reduced to the
ncceflity of complying with the defires of the Kirk, fettling their Difci-
pline, and. in all points conforming to them for hisown prefervation.
But nothing loft the Rebel more, then a new Practife which he had with
the Popiih Lords, whereby he furnifhed the King with a juft occafion to
lay him open to the Minifters, and the reft of the Subjeds, in his proper
colours, as one that was not aded by a Zeal to Religion, though under
that difguife he masked his Ambitious Ends. In fine, being defpifed by
the Queen of England, and Excommunicated by the Kirk for joyning
with the Popifti Lords, he was red-uced tofuch a miferable condition,
that he neither knew whom to truft, nor where to flye. Betrayed by thofe
of his own Party, ( by whom his Brother Hercules was impeached, dif-
covered, and at laft brought to Execution in the Streets at Edenborough)
he fled for ftielter into France, where finding forry entertainment, he re-
moved into Spin^ and afterwards retired to Nifles 5 in which hefpent
the ihort remainder of his Life in Contempt and Beggery.
41. About this time one of the Minifters, named Ra(le^ uttered divers
Treafonable and Irreverent fpeeches againft His Majirfty, in a Sermon
of his preached at Perth ; for which the King craved Juftice of the next
Affembly : and he required this alfo of them. That to prevent the like for
the times enfuing^ the Minifters fhotdd he inhibited hy feme Ptiblick Order ^ from
uttering any irreverent [feeches in the Pulp it ^againft His Majejlys Perfon^Cottn-
cil, or Eftate^ under the fain of Deprivation » This had been often moved be-
fore,and was now hearkened to with as little care as in former times. All
1595. which the King got by it, was no more but this, that Kofje was only ad-
monilhed to fpeak fo reverently of His Majefty for the time to come, as
rai«»ht give no juft caufe of complaint againft him. As ill fuccefshe had
in the next Affembly ^ to w-hich he recommended feme Conditions a-
bout the paffing of the Sentence of Excommunication •, two of which
were to this effed : i. ' That none ftiould be excommunicated for Ci-
■^ vil canfeSjfor any Crimes of light importance,or for particular wrongs
' offered to the Minifters, left the Cenfure fliould fall into contempt.
' 2. That no Summary Excommunication fliould be thenceforth ufed,but
* chat lawful citations of the Parties fliould go before, in all manner of
* Caufes whatfoever. To both which he received no other Anfwer, but
that the Points were of too gre»t weight t© be determined on the fudden,
and fliould be therefore agitated in the next Affembly. In the mean time
it was provided, that no Summary Excommunication fliould be ufed,
but in fuchoccafions in which the Safety of the Church fecmedtobein
danger. Which Exception much difpleafed the King, knowing that they
*5^^' would ferve their turn by it, whenfoever they pleafed. Nor fped he bet-
ter
Lib. IX, cije f ifto?^ of tl^e ^imrtttm^. ^n
ter with them, when he treated feverally, then when they were in the
.Aflembly. The Queen oi Englmd ^2.^ grown old, and he defired to be
in good terms with all his Subjefts, for bearing down all oppofition
which might be made againft his Title after her deceafe. To which end
he deals with Robert Bruce^ a Preacher of Edenhorough^ about the calling'
home the Popilh Lords, men of great Power and Credit in their fevera^
Countreys, who had been banifhed the lail year for holding Tome intel/
ligencc with the Catholick King. Bruce excepts only a^ainik If um ley
whom the King fetmed to favour above all the reft • and pofitivelydc-'
clared That the Kingmujl lofe him, tfhe called home Huntley -, for that it n^i
imfojftbk to keef thetn hoth. And yet this Bruce was reckoned for a Mo-
derate man, one of the quieteft and beft-natur'd of all the Pack.Whac
was the iffue of this bufinefs, we fhall fee hereafter. = .
42. In the mean time let us pafs over into J"r4Wf, and look upon the
Adions of the Hugo^ots there, of whofedeferting their new Kint» we
have fpoke of before. And though they afterwards afforded himlbme
Supplies both of Men and Money^ when they perceived him backed by
the Queen of Eagland^ and thereby able to maintain a defenfive War
without their aflfiftancc^ yet they did it in fo poor a manner as made
him utterly defpair of getting his defired peace by an abfolute Vidory.
In which perplexity he beholds his own fafe condition, his Kin^^dom
wafted by a long and tedeous War ^ invaded, and in part poflefl>d by the
Forces o^ Spain-, new Leagues encreafing every day both in ftren^th and
number, and all upon the point of anew Eledion, or otherwife^ro di-
vide the Provinces amongft themfelves. To prevent which, he recon-
ciles himfelf to the Church of Rome, goes perfonally to the Mafs • and
in all other publick Offices which concerned Religion, conformed'him-
felf unto the diredions of the Pope. And for fo doin^ he f^ives this
account to Wilk's, the Queens Embaflador, fent purpofely to expoftulate
with hrm upon this occafion ; that is to fay, That 800 of the Nobility
and no fewer then nine Regiments of the Proteftant Party, who had put
themfelves into the Servige of his PredecefTor, returned unto their feve-
ral homes, and could not be induced to ftay with him upon any perfwa-
iions. That fuch of the Proteftants as he had taken at the fame time to
his Privy Council, were lb intenr on their own bufinefs, that they fel-
dom vouchfafed their preCence at the Council Table : fo that beinc al-
ready forfakenby thofeon whomherelyed, and fearing to beforfaken
by the Papifts alfo, he was forced to run upon that courfe which una-
voidable neceffuy had compelled him to: and finally, that being thus
neceffitated to a change of Religion, he rather chofe to make it look like
his own free Aft, that he might thereby free the Doftrine of the Prote-
ftants from thofe Afperfions which he conceived muft otherwife need);
have fallen upon it, if that Converfion had been Wrought upon him by
Difpute and Argument-, for hearkening whereunto he had bound
himfelf when he firft took the Crown upon him. If by this means the.ff»-
gonots in France fliall fall to as low an ebb as the Fortunes of their Bre-
thren did in £H^/^«i at the fame time-, they can lay the blam« on no-
thing but their own Ingratitude, their Difobedience to their Kin*', and
the Cenevian Principles that were rooted in them, which made tlTem e-
nemies to the Power and Guidance of all Soveraign Princes. But the
Kine
334
€;]^^ifto?t of ti^c t^iegb^tetianji, l-h^.' ix.
at leaft exceeding; ftC-
King being ftill in heart of his own Religion, or
Vourable to all thole that profefled the lame •, he willingly paffed'o.ver
all unkindnefs which had grown between them': and by his countenance
orconnivencej gave them fuch advantages as made thcj^i ableto dif-
pute the point with his Son and SucceiTorjwhether they would continue .
Subjects tp the Crown, or not. ' >
45. In the Low-Con utreys all things profpered with the Presbyterians'^ -'
who then thrive beft when they involve whole Nations in Blood and Si-
crilc'^e. By whofe example xheCdvtnimsi^nktMi^ Arms in the City of
Emhdeff:, renounce all obedience to their Prince, and put themfelves into
theForm of a Con:imonweakh. This Embderi is the principal City of
the Earl of Eafi^ErieJIaf^d, (fituate on the mouth of the River Emm^ cal-
led Amafui by Latin Writers) and from thence denominated , Beautified
with a Haven fo deep and large, that the greateft Ships with full fail are
admitted into it. The People rich, the Buildings generally fair, both pri-
vate and publick •, efpecially the Town- Hall, and the ftately Caftle :
Which laft being fituate 011 a rifing-ground, near the mouth of the Ha-
ven, and ftrougly fortified toward the Town, had for long time been
the Principal Seat of the Earls of that Province. ThefeconJ Earl here-
of, called Ezard, when he had governed this Countrey for the fpace of ■
60 years, or thereabouts, did firft begin to introduce the Do<jtrines of
Luther mto his Eftates, J«no 1525. But being old, he left the Work-to •
be accomplifliedby £■»«(> his eldefl Son, who firfl: fucceeded in that Earl-
dom • and ufing the affiftance oiHard.mbergiM^ a Moderate and Learned
man eftabliflied the Atignfline Confeflion in the City of Embden ; and af-
terwards in all places under his command, prohibiting the exercifc of all
Relioion, but the Z«;^crrf« only. Which Prohibition notwithftanding"
(ome An/ibaftifis from the Neighbouring Wdjlphalia, found way to plant '
themfelves in Embden, where liberty of Trade was freely granted to all '
comers 5 which allured thither alfa many Merchants and Artificers, -^
with their Wives and Families, out of the next adjoyning Provinces of ■
Holland, Zealand:, andWe/i-Friefland, then fubjed to the King of Spain.
Who beincr generally Calvif?;ans'm^oint of D"odrine,werenotwithftan-
ding fuflfered to plant there alfo, in regard of the great benefit which ac-
crued unto it by their Trade and Manufactures. But nothing more en-
creafed the Power and Wealth of that City, than the Trade of England,
removed from ^»^«'fr/' thither, on occafion of the Belgick Troubles, and
the great fear they had conceived of the Duke of Alva, who feemed to
breathe nothing but deftrudion unto their Religion. And though the
£«2'///^ Trade was removed not long after unto Hambourgh, upon the
hope of greater Priviledges and Immunities then they had at Embden,
yet flill they kepta Fadoryinit, which added much to the improve-
ment of their Wealth andPower : infomuch that the Inhabitants of
this Town only are affirmed to have fixty Ships of 100 Tun a piece, and
600 lefser Barks of their own, befides 700 Bufses and Filbing-Boats,^^
maintained for themoft part by their Herring- fi(hing on the Coaft of -
England.
44. Having attained unto this Wealthy they grew proud withaU and
eafily admitting the Calvinian Dodrines, began to introduce alfo- the
Gemvian Difcipline,connived at by Ezardui the fecondjthe Son otEnsto^
m
Lib. rx. ^f)t Biftoj^ of fi^e i^it^hfuvm^, 3 35
in refped of rhe profit which redounded by them to his Exchequer,
though they began to pinch upon him to the diminution of his power. In
which condition it remained till his marriage with Catharine the Dau^^h-
ter oiGufiAVus Ertcui^ King of Sweden^ who being zealoufly addifted to
the /.«;/'fr4« Forms, and fen fible of thofe great incroachmenrs which
had been made upon the Earls Temporal Jurifdidion by the CoKfifioriam.
perfwaded him to look better to his own Authority, and to regain what
he had loft by that Connivence. Something was done for the recover-
ing of his Power, but it went on (lowly, hoping to compafs that by time
and difsimulation, which he could not eafily obtainby force of Arms,
After whofe death, and theflrort Government of Enno the lecdnd, the
matter was more ftoutly followed by Rodolfhm^ihQ Nephew oi Catharine
who did not only curb the Confifisnans in the exercife of their Difcipline,
butqueftioned many of thofe Priviledges which the unwarinefsof his
Prcdecefsors had indulged unto them. The Calvmians had by this time j 504.,
made fo ftrong a Party, that they were able to remonftrate againft their
Prince 5 complaining in the fame. That the Earl had violated their Pri-
viledges, and infringed their Liberties: That he had interpofed his pow-
er againft Right and Rcafon, in matters which concerned the Church,
and belonged to the Confiftory. That he afsumed unto himfeif the pow-
er of diftributihg the Alms or publick Colledions by which they ufe to
bind the poor to depend upon them. That he prohibited theexercife of
all Religions, except only the ConfelHon oiAusberg: And that he would
not ftand to the Agreement which was made betwixt them, for inter-
difting all Appeals to the Chamber of Spres. Having prep.ired the way
by this Remonftrance, they take an opportunity when the Earl was ab-
fent, arm themfelves, and feize by force upon his Caftle, demolifhed
part of it which looks toward the Town,and pofseft themfelves of all the
Ordnance, Arms, and Ammunition, with an intent hereafter to employ
them againft him. And this being done, they govern all Affairs in the
Nameof the Senate, without relation to their Prince ^ making them-
felves a Free-Eftate,or Commonwealth, like th€it Belgtck Neighbors.
45 . Extreamly moved with this affront, and not being able otherwifc
to reduce them to a fenfe of their duty, he borrows Men and Arms from
X»^(ff^, to compel them to it. With which affiftance heereds a Fort
on the further lide of the Haven, to fpoil their Trade, and, by impo-
veriflungthe people, to regain the Town. The Senate hereupon fend
abroad their Edids to the Nobility and Commons o( Eajl-Friejland it
felf,requiring them not to aid theifown lawful Prince, with Men, Arms^
or Mony-, threatning them, if they did the contrary, to ftop the courfe
of all Pfovifions which they had from their City •, and, by breaking
down their Dams and Sluces, to let the Ocean in upon them, and drown
all their Country. Which done, they make their Applications to the
States of ///J^W, requiring their afliftance in that common Caufe, to
which they had been moft encouraged by their Example-, not doubting
oF their Favourto a City of their own Religion, united to them by a
long intercourfe of Trade, and refemblance of Manners •, and not to be
deferred by them, without a manifeft betraying of their own Security.
All this the States had under their confideration. But they confider
shiswithall,That if they fliould aflift the Emlfdeners in a publick way.
the '
336 c]^ftfto?vofttje}&?egl)rtenan0. Lib.ix,.
the Earl would prefencly have recourfe for feme aid from the Spatikrd,
which might draw a War upon them on that lidewhere they lay moft
open. Therefore they fo contrived the matter, with fuch Art and Cun-
ning, that carrying themftlves no otherwife then as Arbiters and Um-
pires between the Parties, they difcharged fome Companies of Soldiers
which they had in Wefi-Friejlandj who prefently put themfelves into the
Pay of the £w^^f«^3 and thereby caufed the Earl todtfiil: from his In-
trenchments on the other fide of the Haven. After which followed no-
thing bat Wars and Troubles between the City and the Earl, till the
year 1606. At what time, by the Mediation of the Englifh Embafsador,
and fomcother Honourable Friends, the differences were compromifed
to this effe<5l: That ail the Ordnance, Arms, and Ammunition, which
were found in the Caftle, fliould be reftored unco the Earl. That he
fliould have to his own ufe the whole Profit of the Imports which were
laid on Wine % and half the benefit of thofe Amercements or Fines which
fliould be raifed uponDelinquents,together with the fole Royalties both
of Fifliing and Hunting. And on the other fide. That i\vt Embdeners
fliould have free Trade, with all the Profits and Emoluments belong-
ing to it, which fliould be granted to them by Letters Patents. But for
admitting him to any part of the Publick Government, or making re-
flitutionof his Houfe or Caftles, the ancient Seat of his abode, as there
was nothing yeelded or agreed on then, fo could he never get pofTeflion
of them from that time to this. Which faid, we muft crofs over again
into the Ifleof5r//w/»,where we fliallfind the EnglilJ) Puritans clim-
bing up by fome new devices, and the Scottifh Freshyterians tumbling
down from their former height, till they were brought almoft to as low
a fall as their Englijh Brethren.
the End of the NM (Book.
337
•»'-
JE%IVS \^t>lVlVV S
OR THE
HISTORY
OF THE
resbyterians.
LIB. X.
Containing
A flatten of their 9!ots and (PraSiiJes in the (B^alm oj Eng-
land : Their honibk hjolcndes^ Trcafonr^ and Seditions in
the ^in^dom of Scotland i ^rom the Tear 1595 to the Tear
1603.
H E Efiglifh Puritans having fped fo ill in a courfc
of violence, were grown fo wife as to endeavour
the fubverting of that Fort by an underminingj
which they had no hope to take by ftorm or Bat-
tery. Andthefirftcourfe they fell upon, befides
the Artifices lately mentioned, for altering the
poftureof the Preacher, in the Spittle Sermons 5
andthat which was intended as a confcquent to it,
was theDefignof Dr. Bou^d, (though rather carried under his Name,
then of his devifing) for lefsening, by degrees, the Reputation of the an-
cient Feftivals. The Brethren had tryed many vi^ays tofu^prefs thera
X X formerly,
^^^
T^
^m
338 Ci^e l^iftojf Of tl^c ^?ejitttet;tan0. Lib.x.
formerly ,as having too much in them of the Superftitions of the Church
of Rome t, but they had found no way fuccefsful till they fell on this ;
which was, Tofet on foocfomenew Sabbath- Dodrine ^ and by ad-
vancing the Authority of th'eLords-Dky Sa'bbaxhstocry daj¥a.the reft.
Some had been hammering on this Anvil teivyVars before? and had pro-
curedthe Mayor and Aldermen of xW«>» teprefent a Petition to the
Queen for the fupprefling of all Pla.ys and Interludes on the Sabbath-
day,- ^as they pleafed to call it) within the Liberties of their City. The
gaWing alwhiell point, tnad£.xi7€in hope for more, and fecrctly to retail
thofe Speculations which afterward Bound fold in grofs, by publiiliing
hisTreatifeofthe Sabbath, which came out this year 1595. And as
this Book was publifhed for other Reafons, fo more particularly for de-
crying the yearly Feftivals, as appears by this paflage in the fame, viz.
That he feeth not where the Lord hath given any Authority to his churchy ordi-
narily and perpetually, to fancfife any day, except that wbjch he hath fanffifed
himfelf: Andmakesitan efpecial Argument againft the goodnefs o^
• Religion in the Church of Homey That to the Seventh day they had
joyned fo many other days, and made them equal with the Seventh, if
not fuperior thereunto, as well in the folemnicy of Divine Offices, as re-
ftraint from labour. So that we may perceive by this, what their intent
was from the very beginning, To cry down the Holy-days as fuperftiti-
ous, Popifli Ordinances, that fo their new-found Sabbath being left a-
lone, (and Sabbath now it muft be called) might become more eminent:
Some other ends they might have in it, as, the compelling of all perfons
of whatrankfoever5tofubmit themfelvestlhto the yoke of their Sab-
bath-rigors, whom they defpaired of bringing under their Presbyteries :
Gf which more hereafter.
2. Now for the Do(5lrine, it was marfhalled in thefe Pofitions •, that
is to fay. That the Commandment of fandifying every Seventh day, as
in the Mofaical Decalogue, is Natural, Moral,and Perpetual. That whea
all other things in the Jewifli Church were fo changed, that they were
clean taken away, thisftands, the obfervation of the Sabbath. And
though Jcwifii and Rabinical this Dodrine was, it carried a fair fhew
of Piety, at the leaft in the opinion of the common people, and fuch as
did npt ftand to examine the true grounds thereof, but took it up on
the appearance ^ fuch as did judge thereof, not by the workmandiipof
thfe Stuff, but the glofs and colour. In which it is not ftran-ge to fee how
fuddenly men were induced not only to give way unto it, but without
more ado to abet the fame 5 till in the end, and that in very little time,
it grew the moft bewitching error, the raoft popular infatuation, that
ever wasinfufed into the people of England: For what did follow here-
upon, but fuch monftrous Paradoxes, and thofe delivered in the Pulpic,
as would make every good man tremble at the hearing of them C It
being preached at a Maxket-Town, (as my Author tells me) That to do
any fervile work or huftneff on the lords day, w.ts as great a fin ,ts to kiUamar,,
or commit Adnltery. In SomerfetJlnre^That to ihrorv a Bowl on the Lords d.iy, wa(
as great a fin as to kill a man. In Norfolk, That to make a Fcafi, or dref a Wed-
ding-dinner 0:3 the fame. was oi great a fin as for a Father to take akmfe and cut
hisehilds throat. And in Suffolk, That to ring more Bells then me on the- Lords
daywas as great afin as might k- Some of whichPreachers being complained
Lib. X. ^\)z f iftoj^ of ti)t m^^M^tiami
of, oGcafioned a more ftrid enquiry into all the reft 5 and not into their
Perfons only, but their Books and Pamphlets 5 infomach that both
Archbilliop 'whttgift^znd Chief JulHce P<>/'/^4w,commande.d thefe Bopis
to be called in, and neither to be Printed nor made common for the
time to come. Which ftria proceedings notwithftandincr, this Do-
a-rine became more difperfed then can be imagined, and potfibly might
encreafethe more for the oppofition 5 noSyftem of Divinity, no BooJc
of Catechetical Dodrine, from thenceforth publifhed, , in which tbef6
Sabbath Speculations were not prefled on the Peoples Confeiences.
j. Endearing of which Dodrines as. formerly to advance their El-
derfhips, they {"pared no place or Text of Scripture where the Word
Elder did occurre 5 and without going to the Heralds, had framed a
Pedigree thereof from ^«^rtf, from iVe^,^/ Ark, and from Adam final-
ly. So did thefe men proceed in their new Devices •, publifjiinc^ out of
Holy Writ, both the Antiquity and the Authority of their Sabbath-
day. No paffage of Gods Bookunranfacked, where there was men-
tion of a Sabbath ; whether the Legal Sabbath charged upon tlie ^ovs^'
or the Spiritual Sabbath of the Soul from fin, which was4iot fitted and
•applied to the prefent purpofe^ choughif examined as it ought, with
no lefs reaf)n then Fdveant illi, & noHfaveam ego^ was by ani<^^norann
Prieft alledged from Scripture, to prove that his Parilhionersouffht to
f.ivet\iQ Chancel. And on the confidence ofthofe Proofs they did
prefume exceedingly of their fuccefs, by reafon of the general entertain-
ment which thofe Doi5trines found with the common people, who looked
upon them with as much regard, and no lefs reverence, then if they
had been fent immediately from the Heavens themfelves, for encreafe of
Piety. Pofleft with which, they greedily fwallowed down the Hook
which was baited for them.
4. A Hook indeed, which had fo faftened them to thofe men who
fove to filh in troubled waters, that by this Artifice there was no fmall
hope conceived araongft them, to fortifie their Side, and make good
that Caufe, which till this trim Device was fo thought of, was almoft
grown defperate. By means whereof, they brought fo ^xQzt a bon-
dage on all forts of people, that a greater never was impofed on the Jews
themfelves, though they had pinned their Confeiences on the Sleeves
of the Scribes and Pharifees. But then withall, by bringing all forts of
people into fuch a bondage, they did fo much improve their power,and
encreafe their Party, that tlity were able at the laft to oppofe EditSis of
the two next Kings, for tolerating lawful fports upon that day, and to
confirm fome of their Sabbatarian Rigours by Ad of Parliament.
'5. From this Defign let us proceed to the next,which was briefly this.
When the GeneviAn-Englifh refolved to eredl their Difcipline, it was
thought requifite to prepare the way unto it,by introducing the Calvhian
Dodrines o^PredefimatiOn^ that fo mens Judgments being formed & pof-
fefsedbytheone,they might the more eafily beenclined to embrace the
other, folong connived at by the Supream Governours of the Churcfi
and State, to which they were exceeding ferviceable againft the Pope-
that in the end thofe Dodrines whichat firft were counted Aliens came
by degrees to be received as Demz.ons^ and atlafl 2iS, Natives. For be-
ing fuppofed to contain nothing in them contrary to Faith and Man-
^^ i nersy
3^9
34© Cl^e l^iftojf of i^ i^tt^^ttxkm. ;>: Lib. x.
nets they were firft commended to the Church zsfrobabie^ next impo-
fed as necepry -, and finally, obtruded on the people as her Natural
Doftrines. And poflibly they might in time have found a general en-
tertainment beyond eKception, if x\\Q Cnhiriian-i-^ini (being impatient
of the leaft oppofition ) could have permitted other men to enjoy that
liberty which they had took unto themfelves, and notcompelkd them
to Apologize in their own defences, and thereby fliew the RealonsoF
diffenting from them. One of the firft Examples whereof, ( for Ipafs
by thebranglings between champftey znd Crowley^ as long fmce forgot-
ten) was the complaint bf Travcrs to the Lords of the Council, a-
<?ainft incomparible //tJO^f*-. In whom he infaulteth this, amongfto-
ther things, That he had taught another Do£f rim of Predefiinatien^ then what
rPM laid dorvn in the Word ef God, ai it was nnderjiood by all the Churches which
ffefe(}ed the Gofpel. to which it was replyed, by that learned man " That
"the matter was not uttered by him in a blind Ally, where there was
« none to hear it who either had judgment or authority to comptroul the
"fame 5 or covertly infinuated by fome gliding fenrence •, but that it
*' was pulickly delivered ac St. Pauls Crop •• not hudled in amongfto-
" ther matters, to the end it might pafs without obfervacion; but, than '
' '^ it was opened, proved, and for fome reafonable time infifted on. And
" therefore, that he could not fee how the Lord Bifhop o{ London^ than
" was prefent at it, could neither excufe fo great a fault, or patiently
« hear without rebuke then, and controulment afterwards, that any
*' man ftiould preach doftrine contrary to the Word efCod-^ efpecially if the
" word of God be fo underftood, not by the private interpretation of
" fome, as two or thre^. men, or by a fpecial conftrudion received in
" fome few Books -, but as it is underftood by all churches frofejfing the
" Coffel^ and therefore even by our own Church amongft the reft.
6. This hapned in theyear 159 1 or thereabouts, fome what before
the breakings out of the ftirrs at Cambridge^ occafioned by a Treatife
publiflied by William Perkins^ a well-known Divine, (but withall, a
moit^td Presbyterian) entituled, ArmiUa Aiirea, or The Golden Cham -^
containing the Order of the Caufes of Salvation and Damnattony according to
the Word of God. Maintaining in this Book the Dodrine ofthe5»/'r4-
lapfarians^ and countenanced therein by Dr. M^hitacres the Qnetn's'Pro-
feflbr; fome oppofition was foon made by Dr. Baroe, Proftfl'or for the
Lady Margaret in the fame Univerfity. Which Baroebe'mo by birth a
French-ntan-) but being very well ftuditdin the Writings of the Ancient
i595« Fathers, had conftantly for thefpace of more then twenty years main-
tained a different DoiSrine of Predeftination, from that which had been
taught by Cahin and his Difciples 5 but he was never quarrelled for it
till the year 1595, and then not quarrelled for it, but inthe perfonof
oneBarret, who in a Sermon at St. itf^rw Church, had preached fuch
Doiftrincs as were not pleafing unto Perkin^ Whitacre, and the reft of that
Party. For which being queftioned and condemned to a Recantation,
he rather chofe to quit his place in the Univerfity, then to betray his
own Jud<yment and the Church of England by a Retraftion. The reft
of Baree's Followers not well pleafed with thefe harih proceedings, begin
tofliow themfelves more publickly then before they did; which made
Baroe think himfelf obliged to appear more vifibly in the head of his
Company,
Lib. X; Ci^e tifto?i of ti)t ^it^ttUtimfS,
Company, and to encounter openly with Dr. Whitacrey whomhebe-
held as the Chief Leader of the oppofite Forces, And the heats srevv fo
high at laft, that the Calvmia^;s thought it neceflary in point of Pra-
dence, to efFed that by Power and Favour, which they could not ob-
tain by force of Argument. To which end they firft addrefled them-
felves to the Lord Trealurer Buleigh then being their Chancellotj with
the difturbances made by Birret^ thereby preparing hiiti to hearken to
fach further motions as lliould be made by them in purfuk of thac •
QuarreL
7, But finding little comfort there, they refolved to (teer their courfe
by another Com pafs. And having pre-pofseft themoft Reverend Arch-
bifliop w6//^?/Mvich the turbulent carriage of thofe men, the affronts
given to Dr. Whitacre, whom (for his learned and laborious Writincrs a-
gainft Cardinal BeU^irmine) he moll highly favoured ; and the c^reat In-
conveniences like to grow by that publick Difcord 5 they gave them-
felves good hope of compofing thofe differences, not by way of an ac-
commodation, buranabfolute Conqueft. And to this end theydif-
patched to him certain of their number, in the name of the reft, fuch as
were interefttd in the Quarrels, {Dr.Whitacre himfelf for one, and there-
fore like to ftir hard for obtaining their ends.) The Articles to which
they had reduced the whole flateof the bufinefs, being ready drawn, and
there wanting nothing to them but the Face of Authority, wherewith
as with Medufas head, to confound their Enemies, and turntheir Adver-
faries into ftones. And that they might be fent back with rhe Face of
Authority, the moft Reverend Archbifhop, calling unto h'lmDt^Flecher
Wiho^ ot BnfieiL then newly elected unto London •, and Dr. Richard
Faug^tn, Lord Eleft of Bangor •, together with Dr. Trjndal, Dean of £/y;
Dc Whitacre, and the refl of the Divines which came from Crambridge\
propofed the faid Articles to their confideration, at his Houfe in Lam.
heth.on the tenth oi November ; by whom thefe Articles (from thence-
forth called the Nhie Articles of Lambeth)w&xt prefently agreed upon,and
fen'tdown to Cambridge, not as the DoiSrines of the Church, but as a
necefsaty expedient to compofe thofe differences which had been raifed
araongft the Students of that Uuiverfity. And fo much was acknow-
ledged by the Archbifhop himfelf, when he was queftioned by the Queen
for his adings in it. For fo it was, that the Queen being made acquain-
ted with all that pafsed, became exceedingly offended at the Innovati-
on-, and was upon the point oFcaufing all of them to be attainted in a
Frxmmire-^ but by the mediation of fome Vnend^oiWhitgift's^ and the
high opinion which (be had of his Parts and Perfon, flie was willing
to admit him to his defence And he accordingly declared, in all hum°
ble manner, ' That he and his Afsociates had not made any Canons
' Articles, or Decrees, with an intent that they fhould ferve -hereafter
"^ for a {landing- Rule to dired the Church • but only had refolved on
'^fome Propofitions to be fent to C4W«^;-/'^^, for quieting fome unhappy
' differences in that Univerfity. With which AnfwerHer Majefly be-
ing fomewhat pacified, commanded notwithftanding, That he fliould
fpeedily recall and fupprefs thofe Articles : Which was performed with
fuch care and Diligence, thata Copy of them was not to be found for a
longtime after.
%. A?
34iE
342 Cl^ l^iftojf Of ttje ^je0tttman?J. Lib.x.
8. As for the Articles themfelves, they were fo contrived, that both
the Sahhatarkiis, and the Sufra-ldpfmans^ (very conliderably atodds a-
mongft themfelves) might be flickered under them, to the intent that
both may be fecured from the common Adverfary. Which Articles I find
tranflated in thefe following words, w-c.
I. Cod from Eternity hath fredefiimted certain men unto life ^ cer-
tain wen he hath re f rebated.
II. The moving or efficient Cauje of Prede/Iimtion unto life is not the
fore-fight ofFatth, or of Per fever ance^ or of Good Works ^or of any thm?
that is in theferfonfredeflinated 5 but only the Good Will and Fleafure of
God, . .
^III. There ii predetermined a certain rmmber of the fredefimate^ which
can neither be augmented nor dimimfhed.
IV.Thofewhoare netpredefimate to falvation, fiyall he necejiarily
damned for their fins.
V. A trtie^ livings andjufiifying faith ^ and the Spirit ofGodjufli-.
fying^ is not extmguifhed^ falleth not away, it vam[hcth not away in the
£le^^ either totally, or finally.
VI. J man truly faithful , that is, fuch an one who is endued
mth a \ufitfymg- faith ; is certain, with the full ajfurance of Faith^
of the- remtffion of his Stns , and of his ever Ltf ling falvation hi
. Chrifi. ' r
VII. Saving Grace is notgiven^ is not granted, is not communica-
ted to allmen, by which they may befavedif they rviU.
VIII. No man can come unto chrifl, unlefs it be given unto him. And
unlefs the Father (hall draw him 5 and all men are not drawn by the Fa^
ther, that they may come to the Son.
IX. It IS not tn the will or power of every one to be faved.
9. Such were the Articles of Lambeth, (o much inlifted on by thofe of
the CalvimaH Fadtion in fucceeding times, as comprehending in them
the chief Heads ofCahms Dodrine, in reference to the points of Di-
yine Eledtion and Reprobation ^ of Univerfal Grace, and the impofli- '
bility of a total or a final falling from the true juftifying- faith • which
were the fubjeclof the Controverfies betwixt £aree3.BdWhitacre. Some
have adventured hereupon to ranck this moft Reverend Archbifliop in
the Lift of thefe Calvmifis; conceiving that he could not otherwife have
agreed to thofe Articles, if he had not been himfelf of the fame Opi-
nion. And pofllble it is, that he might not look fo far into them, as
to confidcr the ill confcquenfes which might follow on them 5 or that
he might prefer the pacifying of fome prefent Diffenters, before the
apprehenfion of fuch Inconveniences as were more remote 5 or elfe, ac-
cording to the cuftom of all fuch as be in Authority, he thought it ne-
ceflary to prefcrve Whitacre in power aud credit againft all fuch as did
oppofe him 5 the Meritand Abilities of the man being very eminent. For
if this Argument wergood, it might as logically be inferred. That he
was a ^efuit or a Melanchthonian at the Icaft in thefe points of Dodrine,
becaufc he countenanced thofe men who openly and profefsedly had
oppofed
Lib. X, cije ^\ftm of t\^ ^i^&htuxiam.
345
oppofed the Cdiinuri. In which refped?, aS h'e took part with Heeker at
rhe Council Table againit the Complaints and Informations of r/-^.
vers^z% before is laid ; fo he received into his fervice Mr. Samuel HArfnd
then being one of the Fellows of Pett^roke Hall •, who in a Sermoh
preached at St. Pauls Crofs the ijth of offder 1 584, had fo difleded the
whole Zutrt^liark Dodrine of Reprobation, as made it feem ti<»Iy in the
ears of his Auditors, as afterwards in the eyes of all Spedhtor^s when it
came to be Printed. Which man he did not only entertainas' his Chao^
lain at large, but ufed his Service in his Houfe as a Servant inordinary'
employed him in many of his Affairs 5 and finally commended him tJ
the care of King ^C^^^w, by whom he was firft madeMafterof P^;w-
bnke Hall, and afterwards preferred to the See oichichefler^ fromthtnce
cranflated to Norwich, and at laft to lork.
10. Nolefs remarkable was this year for the repairing of the Crofe
in Cheapftde •, which having been defaced in the year 1581, and fo con-
tinued ever fince, was now thought fit to be reftored to its former beau^
ty. A Crofs it was of high efleem, arid of good Antiquity, ereded
byK. £i)V4r^the firft, Amo iz^o^ in honour uf Queen £/;Vwr his be-
loved Wife, whole Body ha-d' there refted, as it was removed to the
place of her Burial. But this Crofs being much decayed, ^ohnHx^
therlj :,'Lo^di Mayor of ZWo>?in theyear 1441-, procuredleaveof Kin*
Henry t\\z 6th to take it down, and to re-edfiethe fame itt more beautifiil
manner for the greater honour of the City, Which Icai^e beincr grant-
ed, and two hundred Fodder of Lead allowed him toward thebecirf-
ningofthe Work, it was then curioufly wrought at- the chart^e of di-
vers wealthy Citizens, adorned with many large and. ma/fie Imacr^ '•
but more efpecially advanced by the Munificence of John Fifher I^er'-
cer, who gave fix hundred Marks fonhe finifliing of it. Thewhold
Structure being reared in the fecond year of K. Henry the 'jth^Anno 1485
was after gilded over in the year 15 22, for the entertainment of theEmpe-
rnur Chijrlcs the fifth-, new burniibedagainft the Coronation ofC^Ame
BuUcn, Anno 1533 •, as afterwards at the Coronation of Kincr Edward
thefixth : and finally,at the Magnificent Reception of Kinc Phfljp 1554
•And having for fo long time continued an undefaced Monument of
Chriftian Piety, was quarrelled by the i^^r/V^^jof the prefent Reif^n •
who being emulous of the Zeal of the French Calvintans whom'ilie^
found to have demolillied all CrofTes wherefoever they came- thev
caafed this Crofs to be prefented by the Jurors in feveral Ward- Motes
for ftanding in the High-way to the hindering of Carts and other Car-
riages : but finding no remedy in that courfe, they refolved to apply
themfelves unto another. In purfuance whereof they firft fet upon it
in the night, ^kW2i, ^«w 1581, violently breaking and defacing all
the lowefl: Images which were placed round about the fame •, that fs to
fay, the Images of Chrift's Refurrediion, of the Virgin Mary^ K. Ed-
ward the ConfelTor, 6'c. But more particularly, the Imaoe of the
bleflfed Virgin was at that time robbed of her Son, and her Arms broke
by which (he held him in her Lap, and her whole Body haled with ropes
and left likely to fail. Proclamation prefently was made,with promife of
Reward to any one that could or would difcover the chief Adors in it.
But without effe^it,
HI, Iri
t
344
C^ ^ifim oC tt|c i^iegbf teriansf. Lib. x.
11, In which condition U remained till this prefentyear, whenthe
faid Image was again faftened and repaired -, the Images of Chrifts
Refurredtion, and the reft continuing broken as before. And on the Eaft
{lde of the faid Crofs where the fteps had been, was then fet up a curi-
ous wrought Tabernacle of gray Marble, and in the fame an Alabafter
Ima^^e of Pia»A, from whpfe naked breafts there trilled continually fome
ftrearas of Water conveyed unto it from the Thames, But the madnefs cf
this Fadion could not fobeftayed^ for the next year (that I may lay all
things to^^ether which concern this Crofsj anew miihapen Son, as born
out of time all naked was put into the Arms of the Virgin's Image,
to ferve for matter of derifion to the common people. And in the year
15PP theFigureof the Crofs ereded on the top of the Pile, wascaken
down by Piiblick Order, under pretence that otherwife it might have
fallen and endangered many 5 with an intent to raife a Py^wif or Spire
in the place thereof : which coming to the knowledge of the Lords of
the Council, they dire<^ed their Letters to the Lord Mayor then being,
whom they required in the Queen's Name to caufe the faid Crofs to be
repaired and advanced as formerly. But the Crofs ftill remaining head-
lefs for a year and more, and the Lords not enduring any longer fuch a
grofs Contempt, they re-infsrced their Letters to the next Lord Mayor,
dated December 24, in the year 1600, In which they willed and ccim-
manded him, in purfuance of Her Majeftjes former diredions, to Gaufe
the faid Crofs without more delay to be rcadvancecj, rcfpeding ia
the fame, the great Antiquity and Continuance of that ftately Mopu.-
ment erected for an Enfign of our Chriftianity. In obedience unto
which Commands, a Crofs was forthwith framed of Timber, cover'd
with Lead, and fet up and gilded 5 and the whole body of the Pile new
cleanfed from filth and rubbiih ; Which gave fuch frefhdifpleafure to
fome zealous Brethren, that within twelve nights after the Image of the
Bleffed Virgin was again defaced by plucking off her Crown, andal-
raoft her head^ difpoffefling her of her naked Child, and ftabbing hc.r
into the breaft, &c. Moft ridiculous Follies.
^ 59^' 12. In the beginning of the year,wc find Sir Themas Egerton advanced
to the Cuftody of the Great Seal oi EngUnd-, Lord Chaucclior in effecSt,
under the Title of Lord Keeper 5 to which place he was admitted on
the fixthof A/<*)i, to the great joy of the Archbifliop, who always looked
"upon him as a lover of Learning, a conftant favourer of the Clergy,
zealous for the eftabliflied Government, and a faithful Friend unco hini-
felf upon all occafions. Who being now Peered with the Lord Chancel-
lor and the Earl o( Efex, affured of the good will cf the Lord Treafu-
rer Burleigh^ and ftrengthened with the Friendlhip of Sir Robert Cicil^
Principal Secretary of State, was better fortified then ever. And at
this time Her Majefty laying on his flioulders the burden of all Church-
Concernments, told him, Itfhould fall on his Soul and Confcienec, if
■'.T*' r.ny fell out amifs •, in that by rcafon of her age (lie had thought good to
eafe her felf of that part of her cares, and looked that he ibould yieldan
;account thereof to Almighty God. So that upon the matter, he was all
in all for all Church Affairs, and moreefpecially in the dlfpofing of Bi-
fhopricks, and other Ecclcfiaftical Promotions. For his firft entrance on
which truft, be prefers Dr. Jhmas Bilfon to the Sep of Worcefier^ whof
received
Lib. X. . c]^ liftoj^ of ti^t ^imvttmn0
received his Epifcdpal Confecration on the i^tffof^uke, ji^t^oi^g^^
and by his Favour was tranflated within two years after to the Churcf]
■tfWmchefter. He advanced alfo laisold Friend Dr. Richard Bancroft
to tht Set oi Londen ; whom he confecrated on theS^y^of jl/^v :^^;/;^^
•15$»7, that he might always have him near hini for Advice and Coub^
fcl. Which Famous Prelate (that I may note this by the way ) was'
born dt F^rmvorth in the County o^Lancnfter, Baptized September 1544.
His Father wAS^ohn Bancroft Gentlema'n, his Mother Mary Cunvw
Daughter of ^^oln Brother of Hugh Cttrwin Bifhop of Oxon^ whofe eldefl:
Son was Chnjioper the Father of Dr. ^ohi Bancroft, who after dyed Bi-
fhop of that See, ylnnoi6i\o. But this JJzV^/jriof whom now wefpeak
being placed by Iiis Unkle Dr. Cunvin in chrifi's. C 0 Hedge m Cambridge'
from thence removed ta 'jefas CoUedge in the fame Univerfity, becaufe'
the other was rufpe(5led to incline to Novellifm • his Unkle Dr. Curtvid
being preferred to the Archbifhoprick of Dublin, made him a Prebend
of that Church t after whofe death he became Chaplain to0.vBi(hop
of JE/y, who gave him theReftory oi Te'ver/hant not far from CambridJ.
Being thus put into the Road of preferment, he proceeded Batchellor
of Divinity ^«^o i5^o> ^"d Dodor in the year 1585; About which'
time he put himfelf into the Service of Sir Chriftopher Hatton, by whofe
recommendation he was made a Prebend of St. Peters iwWefiminfler 1592.
From whence he had the eafier paffage to St. Pauls in London
345
out
Town
pretends an extraordinary Power in carting out Devils. He pra(5lifed
firft on one Catharine Wright, An, i58d-- But finding fomc more power-
ful Pradtiles to be then on foot in favour of the Preshjterian Difcipline,
he laid that Projed by till all others failed him. ^ut in the year 1 592 '
he refumesthe Pradtife, hoping to compaifs that by Wit and Ze^er-^^'
main, which neither Cartrvnghth^ his Learning, nor Snafe by his Dili-
gence, Penrj by his Seditions, or Hacket by his damnable Treiifons,had
the good fortune to effed. He firft begins with ?^//if/4w i'wwwfrj, an
unhappy Boy, whom he firft met at A^hby de la Zauch in the County of
— Him he inftrufts to do fuch Tricks, as might make him
feem to be poffeft •, acquaints him with the manner of the Fits which
were obferved by Catharine Wright, delivers them in writing to him f©r
his better remembrance, wilhed him roput thefame-pradlife, and told
him, that in fo doing he fliould not want. But either findin<> no great
forwardnefs in the Boy to learn his Leflon, or being otherwifedifcou-^
raged from proceeding with him-, he applies himfelf to one Thomas Dar-
ling, commonly called, the Boy o{ Burton, Annox'^gS, whom he found
far more dexterous in Difllmulations 5 the Hiftory of whofe Pofleffinos
and DifpofsefTings was writ at large by ^efe Bee,^ Religious fad Lya?;
contra(Jted by one Denifon^ a Countrey Minifter-, ieen and allowed hy HiL
derjham,[oviZ of the principal fticklers in th^Caufe o( Presbytery)8c Printed
with good leave and liking of Z)4rrf/ himfelf ^ who growing famous by
this means,remembers Summers his firft Scholar- to whom he <»ives a fe-
cond meeting at the Park of y^_/i^^y,teacheth him to ad better then before
he did-, fends him to feethe Boy at Burton,thu he might learn hira to be-
Y y have
,^^ CSel^ifi««'0it3^e|^jcgiJtt£V<an?i. ^^'^^"'^i^b.x.
have himfelf on the like occafions. And finding him at laft grown p.Qt.-
U6t fends him to Nottingham^ with intimation that he fliould make men-
tipnof him in his fits. Danelis hereupon made Le(fturer of the Town gf
Nottingham:, (th$tbein^ the Fifh for which he angled) as being thought
a marvellous Bug to (care the Devil. And though he had no lawful!
Calling in that behalf 5 yet was this given out to be fo comfortable a
Vocationjand fo wairantable in the fight of God,that very few Minifters
have had the likej there being no Preacher fetlcd thereCas he gave it out)
finee her Majefties Reign-, as if neither Parfons, nor VicarSjnor any that
bear fuch Popilh Names, might pafs for Preachers.
14. After this,he pretends occafion fur a journey to Lancajhire-^ where
he finds feven women poffeft with Devils^and out of every one of them
was affirmed to have caft as many as had entred into Mary Magdalen, Of
this he publifhed a Book, Anno 1600, though the Exploit was done in
this prefent year, Anno i-^^y. Thefe things being noifed abroad by his
Confederates, this extraordinary Faculty of calting out Devils was
moft highly magnified and cryed up both in Sermons and Printed Pam-
phlets, as a Candle lighted by God uponaCandleftick in the heartahd
centre of the Land. And no fmall hopes were built upon it,that ic would
prove a matter of as great confequence as ever did any fuch Work that
the Lord gave extraordinarily fince the time that he reftored the Gof-
pel, and as profitable to all that profefsthe knowledge of Jefus Chrift.
Now what this Plot was, may appear by this which is depofed by Mr.
Moer,one oiMr.Darnls^tezt Admirers andCompanions,viz. That when
n Prayer was readout of the Common Prayer Book, in the hearing of thofe nhicb
were po([efed inLznczihite, the Devils in them were little moved with it :
but afterwards, when Mr. Darrel a,ndone Mr. Dicon did [ever ally ufe fuch
Prayers ai for the prefent occafion they had conceived^ then ( faith he j the
wicked Spirits were much more troubled-, (or rather the wicked Spirits did
much more torment the Parties:) So little do premeditated Prayers which are
read out of a Book -, and extreamly do e^tempotary and conceived Prayers
torment the Devil.
15. Bnt Summers, at the laft grown weary of his frequent Counter-
feitings, tired out with his pcflfelfings, difpoireflings, and repofielTmgs;
and in that Fit difcovers all to be but Forgeries, and to have been aded
by Confederacy^ Darrel deals mith him to revoke his faid Conftflion,
fecks to .avoid it by fome (liifts, difcredits it by falfe Repor;s •, and fi-
nally, procures a Commiflion from the Archbidiop of Terk, (to whofe
Province iNTt^m/jg-^rf/wbelongeth) to examine thebufinefs.A Commiflion
is thereupon direded to JohnThoraldE((\;Sheui( oi ike County, Sh Join
Byrm, Knight,-' John Stanhop.Scc. ( moft of them being Darrels friends )
the Commiffion executed March 20. no fewer then feventeen WitneiTes
examined by it, and the Return is made, That he was no Coiinterfein.
ButtheBoy ftandstoitforall that; and on the laft of the fame moneth
confefleth before the Mayor of Nottingham, and certain Juftices of the
Peace, the whole contrivement of the Plot •, and within three days af-
ter z£ts all his Tricks before the Lord Chief Juftice atthcpublick
Affizes.Upon this news the Boy o( Burton alfo makes the like confelllon :
Darrel thereupon is convented by the High CommiflionersatZ^w^^/^,
and by them committed 5 his Friends and Partizcns upon that
Commitment:
Lib.x. - iK^l^ifto^roftl^ei^je^iJttetwfljJ^ ^47
Commitment are in no fmall Furyjwhich flotwithftaflding he and one df
his Aflociates receive their Cenfure, little or nothing eafed by their Ex-
clamations of his Friends and Followers, who bitterly inveighed againft
the Judgment,and the Judges too. To ftill whofe Clamours, fo malici-
oufly and unjuflly raifed, the ftory of thefeleud IrapollorSisWrit by
Harfnet, then being the Domeftick Chaplain ofAfchbifhop Whjtgifr\
by whom colle<aed faithfully out of the Depofitiofis of the Panic's
■and Witnefles, and publilhed in the year next following, Amo
1599-
16. In the fame year brake out the Controverfie touching C)&;-^'*j
Dejcent^ maintained by the Church o{ England in the literal fenfe 5 that
is to fay, That the Soul of Chrjft being fepa;ated from his Body, did
/(i?f4//)fdercend into the nethermoft Hell, to the end that he might mani-
fcft the clear light of his Power and Glory to the Kingdom of Darknefs^,;
triumphing over Satan as before he did over Death and Sin. For
which confult the Book of Articles, Ari,^. the Homily of the Refur-
rei^tion, /o/. 195. and i\r(?irf/'s Paraphrafe on that Article, asitftandsin
the Creeds publilhed in his authorized Catechifm, Anno 1572, But
Calvin pats another fenfe upon that Article, and the Geneviati
Engl/fh muft do the fame : For Calvin underftands by Chrifts de-
fcending into Hell, that he fuffered in his Soul ( both in the Garden of
Cethfemane^zndn^m the Cto(s) all the Torments of Hell, even to ab-
jedicm from God's Prefence, and Defpair it felf. Which horrid Bla-
fphemy, though balked by many of his Followers in the Forein Chur-
ches, was taken up and very zealoufly promoted hy the Englijh Puritans,
By thefe men generally it was taught in Catechifms, and preached in
Pulpits, That true it was, that the death of Chrift Jefus on the Crofs,
and his bloudfhedding for the remiflion of our fins,were the firft caufe of
our Redemption. But then it was as true withall, That he muft and
did fuffer the death of the Soul, and thofe very pains which the damned
do in Hell, before he could be ranfomed from the Wrath of God : and
that this only was the defcent of Chrift into Hell, which we are taught
by Chrift to believe. But more particularly it was tznghthy Banijlefj,
That Chrift being dead,defcended intothe place of everlafting Torments,
where in his Soul he endured for a time the very Torments which the
damned Spirits without intermilTion did abide. By Paget, in his Latin
Catechifm, That Chrift alive upon the Crofs humbled himfelf ufque
adinferm tremcnda tormcntA^everx to the moft dreadful Torments of Hell.
By GijferdSc the HoujljoldCatechifnt^Thzt Chrift fuffered the Torments of
HcUjthe fecond death,abjeaion from God,and was made a Curfe,f.^ha<i
the bitter anguilh of Gods Wrath in his Soul and Body, which is the fire
that ihall never be qnenched. Carlijle more honcftly,not darin^to avouch
this Dodlrine, nor to run crofs againft the dilates of his Mafter, affirm-
cd,That Chrift defcenJed not into Hell at all ; and therefore, that this
Article mi^ht be thought no otherwife then as an Error and a Fable.
17. The Dodrine of the Church being thus openly rejeded , upon
fome Conference that pafted between Archbilhop Whitgift & DrThomaf
Bilfan then Lord Bifliop of Winchefier , it was refolved that Bilhop Bilfon
in fome Sermons at St. Pauls Crofs^and other places, fliould publickly de-
liver what the Scriptures teach, couching our Redemption by the
Yy z death
348 CI^!^(ft8j|iof t]^^?e0tttcrfa«j{» Ub.%
death and blood- fliedding of Chtift JefustheSon of God, and his de-
fending into Hell. This he accordingly performed in feveral Sermons
Mon the words of the Apoftle, viz. God forhid that I fhoiddglorj inani
thinghtit intbeCrofs ef cur Lord ^efm Chri^j wherehj the nor Id if cruafid
untotne^Ani lunte theworld^G^l. 6. 14. in profecuting of which Text
he djfcourfed at large as well concerning the :fO/?/f»fj, as the effects of
ChriftsCrofs-, and brought the point unto this ilTue, that is to fay,
ihittno Scrifture did teach the death of ChriftsSoul, or the Pains of the
damned, to be remifite in the Per fon of chrifi before he could he oi*r Eanfomery
Mtd the Saviour of the World. And becaufe the proofs pretended for this
point might be three -, PrediStions^ that Chrift (hould fuffer thofe pains 5
Caufesyifhy he muft fuffer them •, and Signs that he did fuffer them : He
likcwife infifted on all three, and {hewed, there were nofuch PrsdiCfi^
onSyCattfes^ or Sigfts^ of the true pains of Hell to be fuffered in the Soul
of Chrifl before he could fave us. And next, as touching Chrifts de-
fcentinto Hell,it was declared, Thatbythe courfe of the Creed it ought not
tohe referredto Chrift living, ^«f/tf Chrift ^f/w^ dead : fjefi^ixg thereby
the Conqutfl which chrifts Manhood had after death over all the forcers of dark*
nefs-) deelaredby his RefurreStion^ when he aroje Lord over all his Enemies^ in
his ow?t Perfon; Deaths Hell^ andSataHy not excepted: and had the kepixhzt is,
all Power) of Death -iwi Hell delivered to him by God^ that thofe in Hea-
ven) Earthy and Hell^ fhouldfioopunto him^ and be fiibje£i to the Strength and
Glory of his Kingdom. And this he proved to be the true and genuine
meaning of that Article, both from the Scriptures and the Fathers 5
and juftified it for the Dodrinc of the Church of England by the Book
of Homilies.
18. But let the Scriptures, and the Fathers, and the BookofHomi^
lies, teach us what they pleafe, C^/x'/w wasotherwiferefolved, and his
Determination muft be valued above all the reft. For, no fooner were
thefe Sermons Printed, but they were prefently impugned by a Hu-
morous Treatife, the Author whereof is faid to have writ fo loofly, as
ifhc neither had remembred what the Birtiop uttered, or cared much
what he was to prove. Inanfwerwhereunto the Bilhop adds a ftiort
condufion to his Sermons, and fo lets him pafs. The Presbyterian Bre-
thren take a new Alarm, mufter their Forces, compare their Notes,
and fend them to the Author of the former Treatife, that he might
publifh his Defence. Which he did accordingly 5 the Author being
named Henry ^acob^ a well known Separatift. Which controverfie
coming to the Queens knowledge, being then at Farnham, (aCaftle be-
longing to the Bi(hop)(hs fignified Her Pleafure to him. That he fhould
neither defert the Do(ftrine, nor fuffer the Funftion which he exercifed
in the Church of £«f/W to be trodden and trampled under foot by
unquiet men, who both abhorred the Truth, and dcfpifed Authority,
On which Command the Bifhop fets himfelfupon the writing of that
Learned Treatife, cntlmkd^^ Survey of Chrtfis Sufferings, Scc^ although
by reafon of a ficknefs of two years continuance it was not pubfiihed
till the year 1604. The Controverfie after this was plyed more hotly in
both Univerficies, where the Biftiops Do<arine was maintained, but pub-
lickly oppofed by many of our Zealots both at home and abroad. Ac
home, oppofed by Gabriel Pewel, a (iiX Presbyterian ; Abroad, by Brought
ton-,
torty Pdrksr^ and fome other Brethren of the Separation. After this
jaftified and defended by Dr. Hill, whom j4umes replyed unto in his Re-
joynder : as alfo, by another Parhr, and many more 5 till in the end
the Brethren willingly furceafcd from the prorecution of their former
DoKftrines, which they were not able to maintain. And though tfee
Church received feme trouble upon this occafion, yet tiy this mearts
the Article of Chrifts Defcent became more rightly underflood, ani!
tnore truly ftated, according to the Dodtrine of the Church o£ E)iglanJ,
then either by th^ Church ofRemCy or any of the Proteftdftt or R^for-
mtd Churches of what Namfefoever, . ;
■' i«»4 But while the Prelates of the Church were bufied upbh theft and
the like Difputes, the Presbyterians found thetnfelves fome' b'qtter work,
in making Friends,and fafteiiingon fomeemihent Patron to fupport their
Caufe. None fitter for their purpofe then the Earl of Efjex, gracious
amongft the Military men,popular beyond meafure, and asanibitioas pjf
Command as he was of Applaufe. He had his Education in the Hbiite
of the Earl oi Leicejler,avid took to Wife a Daughter of Sir francisWal-
y//ffA4»», as before is faid,who fitted and prepared him for thofe Applica-
tions which hitherto he had neglected, upon a juft fear of incurring the
Queens Difpleafure. But the Queen being now grown old, the King
of ^fo« not much regarded by the E/iglifh, and very ill obeyed by his
natural Subjects 5 he began to look up towards the Crown, to Which a
Title was drawn for him, ^s the dired Heir of Thofnas oiwoodjiccli^
Duke of Gloucejler, one of the younger Sons of King Edwaffi the third,
ThismantheP«r//4«jcry up with moft infinite Praifes, both in their
Pulpits, and in their Pamphlets • telling him. That he was not only
great in Honour,' and the love of the people •, btit femforis expelfatione
major, far greater in the expedation which his Friends had of him. And '
he accordingly applies himfelf to thofe of the Puritan Fd^ion, admits
them to Places of moft Truft and Credit about his Perfon, keeps open
Houfe for men of thofe Opinions to refort unto, under pretence of
hearing Sermons- and hearing no Sermons with more zeal and edifi-
cation, t!ian thofe which feemed to attribute a Power to Inferior Ma -
giftrates for curbing and controlling their undoubted Soveraigns.
Which queftionlefs muft needs have ended in great difturbance to the
Church and State, if he had not been out-witted by S\t Robert Cicil^
Sir Walter Rawlei^h, and the reft of their Party in the Court 5 by whom
hewas firft fliifted over into /re/rf»^, and at laft broughtupon the Scaf-
fold', not to receive a Crown, but to lofe his Head. Which hapned very
opportunely for King ^ames of Scotland^ whofe Entrance mi^ht have
been oppofed, and his Title queftioned, if this Ambitious man ^ad pro-
fpered in his undertakings,which he conduced generally with more heat
tllen judgment.
20. This brings me back again to Scotland. In which we left the 2;9<
King intent upon the expedation of a better Crown, and to that end
refolved upon the Reftitutionof the banidied Lords •, whobeino adver-
tifed of his purppfe, returned as fecretly as mi^t be, offering to give
good Security to live conformable to the Laws in all peace and quict-
nefs. The King feem^ willing to accept it, and is confirmed by a Con-
vention of EftateSj in tnofe good intentions. The News whereof c^ave
fuch
^ JO Cl^ ^iftoji? or ti^ ^^le^bf terian^. Lib. x.
fuchoffenceto thofeof the Kirk, that prefently they affcmbled thcm-
(cWesa.tEden^erough,^2vcaouce to the feverai Minifters of the pre-
fent dancers, and advifed them to excite their Flocks to be in readinefs,
to the end they might oppofe thefe Refolutions of the King and Coun-
cil as far as lawfully they might. A day was alfo fet apart for Humi-
liation, and Order given to the Presbyteries to excommunicate all fuch
as either harboured any of the Popifh Lords, or kept company with
them 5 and this Excommunicatipn to be pafled fummarily on the firft
Citation, becaufe the fafety of the Church fcemed to be in danger j
which was the mifchief by the King (ufpe^Sed under that Referve.
They appointed alfo, that fixteen of their Company Ihould remain at
Mdenboreughj (according to the number of the Trthums at PArii) who to-
gether with fome of the Presbytery of that City (heuld be called. The
Co'Hne'ilofthe Kirk : That four or five of the faid fixteen fliould attend
monethly on the Service, in their turns and courfes-, and that they (hould
convene every day with fonae of that Presbytery,to receive fuch Advcr-
tifements as rfiould be fent from othetplaces, and thereupon take coun-
felof thebeft Expedientsthat could be offered in the cafe. And for
the firfl Effay of their new Authority the Lord Seatort, Prefident of the
Seflions, appears before them, tranfmitted unto their Tribunal by the
Synod oi Lothiait^ior keeping intelligence with the Earl o( Huntley. From
which with many affedations having purged himfelf, he wa^^ raoftgra-
eloufly difmift. Which though the King beheld as an Example of moft
dangerous confequence 5 yet being willing to hold fair with the Kirk,
he connived at it, till he perceived them to be fixed on fo high a pin, fo
crofs to his Commands and Purpofes, that it was time to rake them
down. He therefore fignifies tothem once for all, Thar there could
be no hope of any right underftanding to be had between thenj, during
the keeping up of two Jurifdidions, neither depending on the other :
That in their Preachings they did cenfure the affairs of the State and
Council , convocate feverai Affemblies without his Licenfes, and there
conclude what they thought good without his Allowance and appro-
bation : That in their Synods, Presbytertes, and particular Seflions,
they embraced all manner of bufinefs under colour of fcandal 5 and,
that without redrefs of thefe Mifdemeanors, there either was no hope of
a good agreement,or that the faid agreement, when made, could be long
kept by cither Party.
21. The minifters on the other fide had their Grievances alfo •, that i|
to fay, the Fovours extended by his Majefty tothe Popiih Lords,thein-'
viting of the Lady Huntley to the Baptifm of the Princefs Elizabeth., be-j
ing then at hand 5 the committing of the Princefs to the Cuftody of thft
Lady Levingflon 5 and the eftrangement of his Countenance from them-
felves. And though the King gave very fatisfaftory Anfwers to all
thefe complaints, yet could not the fufpitions of the Kirk be thereby re-
moved 5 every day bringing forth fome great cry or other. That the Pa-
pifts were favoured in the Court, the Minifters troubled for-thefree
rebuke of fin, and the Sceptre of Chrifts Kingdom fought to be over-
thrown. Inthe meantlmeithapned, that one David Blake, one of the
Minifters of St. jindrewsyhadia a Sermon uttered divers Seditious Spee-
ches of the King and Queen j as alfo againft the Council, and the Lords
of
LO). JKy Clie ^iHm of ttie mt^^tttiam. 5^s
of thjeSeflion : but more particularly, th-at as nil KmpncrtThc Bevrj;
Barns x io the heart of King jAtnes was full of Treachery: 'That the
Quten was aot co be prayed for but for falhion- fake, becaufe khty kne^^,
that flie would neverdo them good; That the Lords of the Goiincil were
corrupt, and takers of Bribes: and, that the Queen of Efr^oTtdw^-i an
Athsjfi^ one of no Religion. Notice whereof being given to the Emlijf^
Embaflador, he complains of it to the King, znd.Blakei^ cited to appeac
before the Lords of the Council. Melv'm mzkt^ this a common Caufe
and gives it out, That this was only done upon defign againft the Minl-
fters, to bring their Doctrine under the cenfure and controlment of the
King and Council -, or at the leaft, a mere device to divert the Minifters
from profecuting their juft Suitagainft the coming and reception of the
Popifli Lords, and that if BUkeotOiny other fliould fubmit their Do-
dirines to the tryal of the King and Council, the Liberties of the Kirk
would be quite fubverted. By which means he prevailed fo far on the
reft of the Council, (I mean the Connctl of the Kirk) that they fent certain
of their number to intercede in the bufinefs, and to declare' how ill it
might betaken with all forts of people, if the Minifters fligttld now be
called in qucftion for fuch trifling matters, when the Enemies of the
Truth were both fpared and countenanced. But not being able by this
means to delay the Cenfure, it-was advifed,that BUke fliould make his
Declitjateur, renounce the King and Council as incompetent Judges, and
wholly put himlelf upon tryal of hisown Presbytery. Which though it
feemeda dangerous courfe by moft fober men • yet was it carryecl by
the major part of the Voices, as ?;&eCd«/fo/c?i'i. ^ i':'- ' '^
22* Encouraged by this general Vote, and enflamed by JlJehifty [\t
^reknish'is Declhiatour, with great confidence, at his next appearance.
And when he was interrogated, amongft other things,whether the Kinf»
might not as well judge in matters of Treafon, as the Kirk of Herefie^
He anfwered, That fuppofing hehadfpoken Treafon,yet could he not
be firft judged by theKing and Council, till the Kirk had taken cogni-
zance of it. In maintainanceof which proceeding, the Commiflionersof
the Kirk dire*^ their Lettrrs to all the Presbyteries of the Kingdom, re-
quiring them to fubfcribe the faidDff//»4r<7«r, to recommend the caufe
in their Prayers to God, and to ftir up their feveral Flocks in defence
thereof. This puts the King to the neceftityof publifhing his Proclama-
tion of the moneth of iVoww^fr. In which he firft lays down the great,
and manifold encroachments of this new Tribunal, to the overthrow of
his Authority : The fending of the Declinatour to be fubfcribed oenerally
by all the Minifters : The convocating of the Subjeds to aflift t^eir pro-
ceedings, as if they had no Lord or Superiour over them •, and in the
meantime, that the Minifters forfake their Flocks, ro wait on thefe
Gommiffioners, and attend their fervice : which being faid, he doth
thereby charge the faid Commiflloners from aviling any thing according
to that deputation ^ commanding them to leave Edenborou^h^ to repair to
rheirfeveral Flocks, and to return no more for keeping fuch unlawfnl
Meetings under pain of Rebellion. He publillied another Proclamation
at the fame time aUo, by which all Barons, Gentlemen, and other Sub-
•e»5ls were commanded not to joyn with any of the Miniftry, either in
their Presbyteries, Synods, or other Ecclefiaftical Aflemblies, without
iys"
352
ci^^iftPi? of t^e ^le^bf tenant. Lib. x.
hisLicenfe. Which notwithftanding he \yas willing to revoke thofe
Edids and remit his Adtionagainll Blakcy if the Church would either
wave the IJff/''^'«^<'«'')0'^i^^hey would declare at the leaft, That it was
not a general, but a particular Declinatotir-^ ufed in the cafe of Mr. Blake ^
as being in a cafe of Slander-^ and therefore appertaining to the Churches
Cognizance. But thefe proud men, either upon feme confidence of a-
nOther Bolhmll-i or elfe prefuming that the King was not of a Spirit to
hold out a«»ainft them, or otherwife infatuated to their owndeflrudi-
cn refolvcd, That both their Pulpits, and their Preachers too, fhould
be exempted totally from the Kings Authority. In which brave hu-
mour they return this Anfwer to his Propofition, That they refolved
to ftand to their Declinatour, unlefs the King would pafs from the Sum-
mons, and remitting the purfuit to the Eccleliaftical Judge,That no Mi-
nifter fhould be charged for his Preaching, at leafl before the meeting of
the next general AfTembly, which fhould be in their Power to call, as
they faw occafion. Which Anfwer fo difpleafed the King, that he char-
ocd theCommiflionersof theKirkto depart the Town, and by a new
Summons citcth Blake to appear on the laft of Nov. This fills the Pulpit
with lnve<ftives againfl the King,and that too on the day of the Princefs's
Chriflening, at what time many Noble men were called to Edenhorcngh
to attend that Solemnity. With whofe confent it was declared at sUkes
next appearance, That theCrimes and Accufations charged in the Bill
were Treafonable and Seditious •, and that his Majefty, his Council, and
all other Judges fubflitute by his Authority, were competent Judges in
all matters, either Criminal or Civil, as well to Miniflers as to other
Subjefts. Yet ftill the King was willing to give over the Chafe, makes
them another gracious offer, treats privately with fome Chiefs amongfl
them, and feems contented to revoke his two Proclamations, if Bkke
would only come before the Lords of the Council, and there acknow-
ledcre his offence againft the Queen. But when this would not be accep-
ted, the Court proceeds unto the Examination of Witnefses. And upon
proofof allthe Articles objected, Sentence was given againft him to this
effed : Thuthejhouldhe confined beyond the North water, enter tnte Ward with-
in fix dm-,And there remain till his Majejlies fleafureflwM be further fignifed.
Some Overtures were made after this for an Accommodation. But the
Kin<^ not being able to gain any reafon from them, fends their Commif-
fionersoutof the Town, and prefently commands, That 24 of the mofl
Seditious perfons in Edenborough fhould forfake the City-, lioping to find
the refl more cool and tradable when thefe Incendiaries were difmifsed.
23. The Preachers of the City notwithftanding take fire upon it,and
the next day excite the Noble raenjafsembled atthe Sermon upon Sun-
day the 15 of Dfff/»^. to joyn with them in a Petition to the King, to
preferve Religion. Which being prefented in a rude and diforderly man-
ner, the King demands by what Authority they durft convene together
without his leave : We dare do more then this (faid the Lord of Lindfcf)and
mllnotfitffer our Religion to be overthrown. Which faid, he returns uato
the Church, ftirs up the people to a tumult, and makes himfelf the head
of a Fadious Rabble, who crying out. The Srvord of the Lord^md Gide-
on, thronged in great numbers to the place, in which the King had lock-
ed himfelf for his greater fafety -, the doors whereof they queftSonlefs
had
uh,X. . Cl^e^iftoi^oftl^e^je^lj^terwfns^.'^ ^y^
had forced open, and done feme out rage to his Pei'fon/'if a feiv KoH^'rf^
men had not ftopt their Fury : The Lord Provoft of the City, notwith-'
fending he was then lick and kept his Bed, applied his b^ft endeavours
to appeafe the Tumult, and with Ibme difficulty brought ^he people to'
tay down thtir Anns j which gave the King an oppiortunity to retire to"
his Palace, where with great fear he pafled oVer all the reft of that daf!
The next morning he removes with his Court and Council to 'th^'
Town of Lintithgoe^ and from thence publiflreth a Procliiiiation to this'
effed, I'iz,. Tliat the Lords of the Seflion, the Sheriffs, Commiflionersj'
andjuflices, with their feveral. Members and Deputies, fhould remove
themfelves forth of the Town oi Ede thorough ^ and be in readinefs to go'
to any fuch place as fhould be appointed 5 and that all Noblemen and"
Barons fliould return unto their Houfes, and not to convene in that or'
in any other place without Liccnfe, under pain of his Majefty's Difpl^^-
furei The Preachers on the contrary are refolved to keep up the Cauf^
to call their Friends together, and unite their Party ^ and were upo,q['
the point of Excommunicating certain Lords of th^ Council, ifiojne
more fober then the reft had not held their hands. " *-^^;^'^ jr, - i-rj -:>d ^.-
24. In which confufion of Affairs they indi(51: a faf? ,,for a p'rep'ara-''
tory whereunto a Sermon is prtached by one Welch, in the chief Church"
of that City : Who taking for his Theme the Epiflle fent to the An-
gel of the Church of £/'/'f/«j, did pitifully rail againfl the King, fayinor^
That he WO'S pofjeffcii ivjth a Devil y and that one Devil being fut oat, feveti
tvorfe were entered in the flace : and that the Subjects might lawfully rife und
take the Sword out of his hands. Which lafthe confirmed by the Exam-
ple of a Father, that falling into a Phrenjie, might be taken by the Chil-
dren and Servants of the Family, and tyed hand and foot from doin^
violence. Which brings into my mind an ufual faying of that King, to
this effed, viz. That for the twelve lafi years fafl of his living in Scotland, -
he ufedtopray upon his knees before every Sermon^ That he might hear nothing
from the Preacher which might jufly grieve him •, and that the cafe was (0 well
altered when he was in England, that he was ufedtopray that he might Profit by
whatheheard. But all exorbitancy of Power is of fhort continuance, e-
fpecially if abufed to Pride and Arrogance. The madnefs of the Pres-
byterians was now come to the height, and therefore in the courfe of Na-
ture was to have a fall^and this the King rcfolves to give them,or to lofc
his Crown.He had before been fo afflidted with continual Baffles, that he
was many times upon the point of leaving Scotland-, putting himfelf into
the Seigneury of rf»/r(f5and living there in the capacity of a Gentleman(fo
they call the Patricians of that Noble City.) And queftionlefs he had put
that purpofe in txecution, if theh«^es of coming one day to the Crowii
o^EngUni had notbeen fome'-tFmptation to him torideout theflorm.
But now a fword is put into his hands by the Preachers themfelves,
wherewith he is enabled to cut the Gordian knot of their plots & pradifes,
which he was not able to unty. For nor contented to have raifed the for-
mer tumults,they keep the Noblemen together,invite the people to their
aid.and write their Letters to the Lord of Hamilt6n,to repair unto them,
and make himfelf the Head of their Afsociation. A Copy of which Let-
ter being (hewed unto the King by that Noble Lord, command is given'
unta the Provoft oi Edenborougb to attach the Minifters. But they had
Z z notice
354 €;]^i^fto?^ Of tl|c|&?e^i)ttertan0. Lib. x.
notice of his purpoie and efc^ape into EngUnd^ making NemAJlk their
retreat as in .^oi;mer times. ,.,
25, Itisa true faying of the wife Hiftorlan, That every Infurre-
dlion of the ppple when it is fuppteffedjdoth make the Prifice ftronger,
ajid the Subjed weaker. And this the King found true in his own par-
ticular. The Citizens of Edevhorough being pinched with the Procla-
majtlon, and^he removal of the Court and the Courts of Juftice, offered
to purge themfelves of the late Sedition^, and tendered their obedience
unto any thing whatfoever which his Majefty and the. Council fhould be
pl^afedto enjoyn, whereby they might repair the huge Indignity which
was done to his Majefty-, provided that theylhould not be thought guil-
tyof fo great q^crime, which from their hearts they had detefted. But
the King anfvvers,That he would admit of no purgation^ that he would
make them know that he was their King : And the next day proclaims
the Tumult £0 be Treafon, and proclaims all for Traytors who were
<»ciilty of it. This made them fear their utter mine to be near at hand.
The ordinary Judicatories were removed to Leith^ the Selfions ordained
to be held at Perth -^ their Minifters were fled, their Magidratrswith-
' out regard i and none about the King but their deadly Enemies. And
to make up the full meafure of difconfolation, Counfel is given uma
the King to raife the Town, andtoeredta Pillar in the place thereof
for a perpetuaV Monument of fo great aninfolence. But he lelblvles to
travel none but Legal ways^ and being fomcwhat fweetaed by a Letter
from the Queen of EngUnd^ he gives command unto the Proveji, and the
reft of the Magiftrates, to enter their perfons at Perth on the firft of Fe-
truary, there to keep ward untill they either were acquitted or condem-
ned of the former uproar. Whilft thiijgs remained in this perplexity
andfufpence, he is advifed to make hisbeft ufe of the conjeolure, for
fetling matters of the Church, andtoeftablifliin it fuchadecent Order
as was agreeable to Gods Word, To which end he appoints a Natio-
nal Affembly to be held at Perth 5 and prepares certain Qi.ries, fifty five
in numb©r,.,to^ be coniidered and debated in the faid AiTembly, ail of
them tending to the redtifying of fuch Abufes which were either crept
into the Difcipline,or occaiionedby it. Nothing fo much perplexed the
principal MinifterSjwho had the leading of the reft, as, that the Difci-
pline Ihould be brought under difpute which they had taught to be a pare
of the word of God But they muftfing another tune before all be ended.
26. For the King having gained a confiderable Party amongft the
Minifters of the North, and treated with many of the reft in feveral,
whom he thought moft tra(ftable-,prevailed fo far on the Afl'embly, that
they condefcend at the laft upon m^;>y particulars, which in the pride
of their pofperity had not been requjf^d. The principal of v/hich were
thefe, VIZ'. 'That it iliould be lawful to his MajeRy by himfelf orhis
* CommiftionerSjOr to the Paftors,to propone in general AiTembly what-
* foevcr point he or they defired to be refolved in, or reformed in matters
* of external Government, alterable according to circumftances ; pxot'i-
* ding it to b^idp'i^ ^^ "^^ght time and pl^ce, Animo tsdifcayiit non tcmand'u
* i.thatno'MinifteT ftiould reprove his Majefty's Laws & Statutes, Adls
5 or Ordinances, until fuch time as he hath firft by the advice of his Pr.s-
'^bycery,or Synodal, or general AiTemblisSjComplained & fought remedy
'of
c
.'JiJ"
Lib. X. C^e f ift0?^ of ti^t ^m^xttxiam,
*of thefame from his Majefty,and made report of his MajeftiesAnfwer
' before any further proceedings. -3. That no mans Name fhould be ex-
'prefb-ed in che Pulpit, except the Fault be notorious and publick, and
' fo declared by an Afltze, Excommunication, Contumace, and lawful
' Admonitioiij nor (liould he be defcribed fo plainly by any other circum-
' fiances, th:n publick Vices, always damnable. 4. That in all great
' Towns the zMinifters fliall not be chofen without hrs Majefties confeht
' and the confent of the Flock. 5. That no matter of Slander fhould' be
' called before them, wherein his Majefties Authority is pre-judo^ed
*.Caufe-s Ecclefiaftical only excepted. 6. And finally, that no Conven-
^ tionsfhall be amongfl PaftorS; without his Majefties knowledge ex-
' cept their Seifions, Presbyteries, and Synods, the Meetings at the Vifi-
'tation of Churches, admiflion or deprivation of Minifters,takino up of
'deadly Feuds, and the like which had not nlreadybeen found fault
* with by his Majefly, According to which lalt Article the Kin? con-
stats unto another general AfTembly to be held at Dtmdec^3.nd nominates
the 10 of j^y^i)' for the opening of it. " •■i*v -j
27. It was about this time that Dr. 7?/V^</ri£4wrc/>, Billiop oS ton-
don, began to run a conftant courfe of Correfpoiidence with the itCiric of
5ce//,whom he beheld as the undoubted Heir and SuccefTor of the Queen
then Reigning. And well confidering how conduceable it was to the
Peace of both Kingdoms, that they iliould both be governed in one
Form of Ecclefiaffical Policy t, he chalked him out a ready way, by
which he rnight reftore Epifcopacyto the Kirk o'i ScotUnd. To which
end, as the King had gained the liberty in the laft AfTembly to quefilon
and difpute the Government then by Law eflabliOied, and gained a pow-
er of nominating Minifters in the principal Cities-, fo in the next thev
gratified him in this poinr, That no man fhould from thenceforth exer"-
cifeasa Minifl:er,without having a particular Flock^jhor be admitted to
that Flock, without Ordination by the Impofition of hands. He requi-
red alfo in the fame, that before the concluiion of any w^iohty matter
his Highnefs advice and approbation fhould be firft obtained. And fo fai"
theyconfented to the Propoficion, as toexprefs how glad they were to
have his Majefties Authority interpofed to all Afts of Importance which"
concerned the Church, fo as matters formerly concluded mi^ht not be
drawn inqueftion. He giiined fome other points alfo in thefame Afsem-'
bly, no lefs important chen the other tAvards his Defi^ns •, as namely
1. T^hat no Mtnijier [lull exerci[e any J^iirifdicfton, either hj making of Confl-ititti -
ms or Icnitn/r ofiProcefsest rviihoia advice and concurrence of his Sefston Prcf-
bperj.Sjr.od, or General AJsemblj. 2. That Presbyteries fhall not meddle ^ithi-
nj thing thif is' not known without all controverfie to belong to the Ecclefiaflical
'judicatory •, and that therein Uniformity fhould be ebferved throughout the Coun-
try. And, -3. That where any Presbpersjhallhe de fired by his Majefties M/fsive
tojiay the r prueedir/gs^ asbengprejudicialtothe Civil ^urtfdikionf or pri-
vate mens Rights^ they fhould defift until his Majefly did receive fatisfacfjon. Bur
that which made moff toward his purpofe was, the appointing of thir-
teen of their^number to attend his Majefty, as the Commiffioners of the
Kirk, whom we mav call the High GommifTioners cf Scotland^ the
Kings Ecclefiaftical Coilncil, the Seminary of the future Bifiiops, to
whom they gave Authority for the planting of Churches in Bdenborough-,
^■^ ^ Z z 2 St.-
355
■ — ^ — '■ ■ ■■. I . - — "■ ' — ■ — ' ' — • — ■ I ~"
St. Andrews^ p^wt/ee, &c. asalfoto prefencthe Peticions and Grievan-
ces of the Kirk lohisMajefty i and to advife with him ia allfuchraatr
ters as conduced unto the peace and welfare of it.
28- It was no hard matter for the King, by Rewards and Promues,
to gain thcfe men unto himfelf-,or at the Icaft to raife amongft them fuch
a Party as fhould be ready at^U times to ferve his turn. And fuch a ge-
neral compliance he f :)und among^ft them, that they not only ftrved hirti
in the punifliment of DavidBlake^ in vvhofe behalf they had Ibod outfo
long a^ainft him ; but in the fentencing of Wallace, who in a Sermon at
St, Andrews had abufed his Secretary : both which, upon the cognizance
of their feveral Caufes, they deprived of their Churches, and decreed
others of more moderation to be placed therein. They ferved him al-
fo in the reformation of that Univerfity where jindrew Mdvh (or fome
years had continued Redor-, and thereby gained an excellent oppor-
tunity for training up young Students in the Arts of Sedition. To which
end he had fo contrived ic , that infteaJ' of Ledluringin Divinity,
they fliouldread the Politicks, as namely. Whether Ele^ioa or Succefston
cf Kings were the befi Form of Government ? Hew far the Royal Fewer exten-
ded ? And-, whether Kings were to be Cenfured and Depofe.d by the EJiates of the
Kingdom-)tncafe their Power fhould be abufed? For remedy whereof, the
Kin^not only ordered by the Advice of his Commiirioners,Thatno man
from thenceforth Ihould continue Redor of that Univcrlity above the
fpacc of a ycar^ but appointed alfo on what Books, and after what man-
ner every Profeflbr for the time to come was to read his Leftures. He
next proceeds unto a Reformation of the Churches of Edenhorough,h\xt
had firfl brought the Town to fubmit to mercy. Failing of tlieir attea-
dance at Ferth^'m (0 full a number as were appointed to appear,the whole
Town was denounced Rebel, and all the Lands, Rents, and other goods,
which formerly belojiged to the Corporation,confircate to the ufe of the
King : the news whereof brought fuch a general difconfolation in that
Fadious City, that the Magiftratcs renounced their Charges, the Mini-
ilers forfook their Flocks, and all things feemed to tend to a difloluti-
on. But at the end of 1 5 days his Majsfty was gracioudy inclined, upon
the mediation of fome Noble men who took pity on them, to re-admit
them to his Favour. Upon Advertifement whereof the Provofl, Bailiff^,
and Deacons of Crafts,being brought unto his prefence the ii of March,
and falling upon their knees^did with tears beg pardon for their negli-
?ence, in not timely preventing that Tumult -, befeeching his Majefty to
take pity of the Town, which did fimply fubmit it felf to his Majefties
Mercy.
29. The King had formerly considered of all advantages which he
might raife unto himfelf out of thacSubmiffion •, but aimed at nothing
more then the reduftion of the people to a fenfe of their duty •, the cur-
bing of the City- Preachers, and fetling fome good Order in the Chur-
ches of it. In thefe laft times the Minifters had lived together in one
CDmmonHoufe, fituateinthe great Church-yard, and of old belonging
to the Town -., which gaveithem an opportunity to confuk in private, to
hatch Seditions, and put their Treafons into form. This Houfe the King
required to be given up to him, to the end that theMinlUers might be
difpofedofin feveral Houfes, far from one another, fo as they mighc
ndC
Lib. X. wi^t i$i^m of tJje piz^ttttim^. "y^j
not meet together without obfervation. The Miniftcrs of late had prea-
ched in common, without confideration of particular Charges -, and
were reduced alto to a lefs number then in former tirties^ which made
them cf the greater Power Amongft the people. But now the King tt~
folves upon the dividing of the Town into fcveral Pariihes, and fixing e-
very Minifttrin his proper Church, according to theAdbs of the lafi;
Afferably, This had been thought of two years fince ^ but the Town op-
pofed it. Now they are glad to yield to any thing which the King pro-
pounded, and to this point amongft the reft. And hereupon the pay-
ment of a Fine 20000 pounds to the King, and ennring into a Recogni-
zance (as our Lawyers call it j of 40000 marks more, ior theindempni-
fying of the Lords of the SefTion in the time of their fitting ; the City is
reftored to the good Grace of the King, and the Courts of Juftice co the
City. His Majedy was alfo pleafed, that the Fugitive Preachers of the
City fliould be reltored unto their Miniftry, upon thefe conditions, that
is to fay, That each of them Hiould take the charge of a feveral Flock :
That four new Preachers lliould be added to the Termer number, and
each of them afffgned to his proper Charge : That they fhouM ufemore
moderationin their Preachings for the time to come, and not refufe to
render an account thereof to the King and Council. And finally. That
fuchas had not formerly received Ordination by the Imp9firionof hand?j
fhould receive it now. In which Isfft ^rwff created nofmall trouble to
the Kings C )mmifTT ^ners (who laboured very zedloufly to advance tHajc
Service •, ) but he fubmitted in the end. -'■'■
30. After thefe preparations, comes a Parliament, which waste i^%t
beginni/igin the moneth oiDecemher. Againft which time the Kincr had
dealt fodexterou fly with P^itrick Gallomj^ and he fo handfomly had ap-
plied himfelf to his Afsocjates, that tlie CommilTioners were draWn to
joyn in a Requeft to the Lords and Commons, That the Minifiers^ as re-
frefentingthe church, And Third Efl ate of the K'mvdom^ might be admitted to
give voice in Varliament^ ar. cording to the Ancient Rites and Pnvilcd'res of the
Kirk (?/ Scotland. The King was alio humbly moved to be- friend the^
in it. Andhefo managed the Affair to his own advantage, that he ob-
tained an A(5i to pals to tiiis effeft, viz. That fuch Pafiors and Miniflers as
his Mdyftj (})ould fleafe 1 9 provide to the Place^ Dignity ^ and Title of a BijhilP,
Abbots or oth:r Prelate^ at any time Ihottldhave voice in Parliament^ as freely as
any other Eccleftaflical Prelate h-id m the times fore-going •, provided^ that fuch
ferfons as jhotild be nominated to any Arch-bifhoprick or Fnflwprick tvithiv the
Mealm^fhould either acitially be Preachers at the time of their nomination^ "or clfe
afume and take upon them to be a^ual Preachers •, and^ according thereunto Ihonld
pr^icfife andperform that duly : and that neither this AB^ nor .4»v thinq^ in the
fame contained^ Jhuld fre)udice the ^urifdi£iion of the Kirk efidbl.[hed by A£il
ef Parliament •, nor any of the Presbyteries^ jffemblies, Or othir Sefsions of the
Church. After which followed another General AlTembly, appointedto
be held at Dundee in the A/arch enfuing, the King himfclf being prefent ac'
it. In which it was concluded, after feme debate, That Mifiijlers lawfulfy
might give voice m Parliament, and other fublick Meetings of the Bflates ; anct
thatitrvas expedient to have fome always of that number prefent^ iiigiv'e vof'ce
was agreed alfo, That'fo ma>iy l}>oii0b'/afpoln-'\,
m, as there had been A' ch-Bifi^ojW iifiepsy Alb\
in the name of the Church. It
ted t$ have voice in Parliament^
bins'.
3 5 8 C^e ^iftojf of t%t 5^?epi)¥tcrmn0. Lib. x .
hots, and Friors^in the tmes of Popery: Which coming to the number of
• 50 or thereaboutSjgave every Minifter fpme hopes to be one of that num-
ber. Itwasrefolved alfo. That theEle(5tionof thePerfons, fliould be-
lon«^ partly to the King, and in part to the Church. But as for th:: man-
ner of the Eledion, the Rents to be afligned unto them, and their con-
tinuance in that Truft, for life, or othervvife-, rhefe points were left to be
confidered of at better leifure.
31. For the difpatch whereof, with the more conveniency5it was ap-
^5^9' p6intcd. That the matter fhould be firft debated in each Presbytery, and
afterwards in Provincial Synods, to be holden all upon one day, that to
be the firft Tiiefdaj of ^me, three men to be fele(5ted out of every Synod,
to attend the King •, and they, together with the Doiflorsof theUni-
verfities, to conclude the bufinefs, with reference notwithftanding to
the approbation of the next Aflembly. Accordingly they meet in Sy-
nods, and appoint their Delegates -, who being called to FdkUndin the
end of ^ttly-, did then and there conclude upon thefe particulars. Firft,
for the manner of Eledions •, That for each Prelacy that was void, the
Church ftiould nominate fix perfons, and the King chufe one ; and that
if his Majefty ftiould like none of that number, fix others iliould be na-
med by the Church,of which his Majefty was to chufe one without more
refufal. Next, for the Rents 5 That the Churches being fufficiently
planted, and no prejudice done'to Schools, Colledges, and Uaiverfities
already eredcd, he ftiould be put into poft'tflion of the reft of that Pre-
lacy to which he was to be preferred. As to the term of his continuance
in that truft, there was nothing done, that point being left unto the con-
fideration of the next Aftembly. And for the naming of the Child, the
Godfathers agreed, that he fliould be called the Commi([aire or Commif-
}5i?»fr of fuchaplace, if the Parliament could be induced by his Majefty
to accept that Title, or elfe the General Afsembly todevifefome other.
But fearing left this Commifsairc might in time become a Biiliop,it was
refolved to tye him up to luch Conditions, as ftiould difable him from a-
fpiring above the reft of his Brethren. But more particularly ic was cau-
tioned and agreed upon, That he fliould propound nothing in the Name
of the Church, withoutexprefs warrant from the fam-e •, or give con-
fent to any thing propofed in Parliament,which fended to the diminuti-
on of the Liberties of it. That he ftiould be bound to give an account of
his proceedings to the next General Afsembly, and to fubmit himfelf to
their judgment in it without any Appeal. That he Ihould faithfully at-^
tend his particular Flock, and be as rubje(5t to the Cenfure of his own
Presbytery, or Provincial Synod, asanyother Minifter which had no
CommiiTion. That in the AJminiftracion of DifcipUne, Collation of
Benefices, Vifitation, and other points of EcclefiafticalGoveriimcnt,he
fh'ould neither ufurp, nor claim to himfelf any more Power and Jurif-
di(flion then the reft of his Brethren. That if he ftiall ufurp any part of
Ecclefiaftietil Government, the Presbytery,Synod,or Gmeral Afsembly,
protefting againft it, whatfoever he fliould do therein, fliallbenuU ;and
\roid. That if he chance t-o be depo fed from the Miniftry, by the Presby-
tery, Synod, or Afsembly," he fliould not only lofe his Place and Vote in
Parliament, but the Prelacy fliould be alfo voided for anotlier man. And
finallyiThat he ftiould fubfcribe to all thefe Cautions before he was ad-
mitted to his Place and Truft. 5-' I"
Lib. X. c]^ f iftott Of t^e i^t^^^ttmm^. 3 5 ^
• "32. in ihe Assembly dtMhtrefs, wfiich''beg'anon d^e'.f^ ot'M^r^'i;
\-/2?»oi59P, thefe Cautions vv?re app roved, and t'w^^ i^e^' .Oites added'!;
J. Thatthey whe hadnjoite i-a Parliamefft-^ P?,^'^ '^'>y^^v£^kc}''^^kU^^^^ ^')99
jfsembljjUnlefs they were author ifcd t>jf,aVorfimfsioftfrctffith£ Pre^tcrjcs
■mereofthey were Memkrs. \i. That Crimen J^mbitur. orUwyftnificr, e^a-
%'ottrs t0 procure the Place ^ (houidbe afufficjent r^afo» to i^^rjij^him cftu, ^ As
for the term oFtheir'coiVtlhii.ancis in' this Truft, the, Leading- nie^.ers
■were refolvedhoc to raakeitcertainjaiidniiurhlelV tp eii^iire for term
bf life ; all t1rey would yield unto >vas;t'|iiSj That he .vviio was d^its^'d
unto that (j^aramilTlon, (hould,yearly,re-ndcr an account pf his em'plpy^
ment to the nextGenerkTAfsemb'ly. That he fboulalay down his Com-
inifsion at the feet thereof, to be continued if they pleafed, or .othp/wiie
..to give place ur.to any other whom his Majefly and the faid Afsembly
Ihould think fit to cmpioy. To all which Cautioas and Rc%i(5iions
the King was willing to confent, thatib the bufinefs might proceedwith- '
out interruption •, not doubting but to find a wayja.t fome time or otiier,
in which thefe Rigors might bemoderaced, and thefe Chains knocked
off. Nothing now refted, but the noipinating of fome able perfons to
^pofsefs thofe Prelacies which either were vacant at that time, or adi^al-
lyinthe Kings difpofing. The Bifliopricks of St. Andre^vs and Gkfcqw^
had been given or fold to the Duke o? Lenox -, the B.iiboprkk of MmrAj^
to the Lord oiSpnie ; and that ol Orkney, to the Earl •, which muil be
firft compounded with, before the King vyQuldnojniTiate.any man,t]9:eJL-
ther of them. The Sands of C^y^ow^jij and the ifus^tt^Xo delapi4atfd,
that there was nothing left to maintain a Prelate,, and, tiiereforen^^ft'be
firfl: endowed. The Sees of Aberdeen and Argile.,\\2ii their Bifiiops livin'',
both of them being adual Preachers ^ and thofe Q^Brichen^ JDunkeld^^nd
Damblnne, had their Titulars alfo, but no Preaching MiniRers. So as
there were bur two Churches to be filled at the prefent, that is to fay,
the Bifhopricks of Rothes^ and Cathnefs', to which the King prefents Mr,
David Linde fay ^ Minifter o{ Leith -, and Mr. George cUdftdves^ one of the
MiniftersofSt. .^W/£'!vj 5 of whofe fobrlecy and moderation he had
good experience. Which two enjoyed their places in their following Par-
liament, and rode together with the reft in the Pomps thereof.
33. Thus far the bufinefs went on fmoothlyin the outward ftiew •
but inwardly were great thoughts of heart • which firft appeared in
words of danger and difcontenc, and afterwards in ads of the higheft
Treafon. The Leading Members of the Kirk, which had fo long en-
joyed an Arbitrary Power in all parts of the Realm, could with no pa-
tience brook the Limitations which were put upon them in theAfsembly
zi Dundee : and much lefs able to endure that fuch a fair Foundation
Ihouldbelaid for Ep/fcopacy, which muft needs put a final end to their
Pride and Tyranny -, of which fort was a Letter writ by Davidfort^io the
next Afsembly : In which he thus expoftulates with the reft of his Bre-
thren •, How long fhall we fear or favour Flefh and Bloody and fellow tht C6m-
celand Commandthereof? Should our Meetings he in the Name of Man 4. Jirt
we not to t*ke up our [elves, an^ to acknowledge our former errors ^andfieilenefs
in the Work of the Lord? It is time for us now, when fo many ofournwr^hy Bre-
thren are thriifiout of their Callings^ without all order of jujl proceed^/igs -^ and
Jefuits, AthciftSjrf»iPapifts, are juffered, countemnc/d, and advanced to
great
- i^. , ■■■■-■■■■ ■ . ■!-.— ^ ■ ■-II ■■ i I ■?■ ' " ■*
trreat Rooms in the Realm^for thebringi»;^in Idolatry^ and Caftivity mere then
Babylonical, »v/^^ "« high hand, and that in our chiif Ctty : Is n time for W, /
i'^h of fhe MiniftrJ-, to be inveigled and blindfolded with freten(;e of the fr^fcr-
ntent of fome fmall mmber of our Brethren to have foice in Farliami-nt^ and
have Titles of Prelacy ? ShaUrve^ with Sam^(on^ pep fldl on DaliUhs kr,ets^
till P^c fay, the Phililtines be upon thee SampTon < &c. Which Letner fpeaks
the words oiDavidfon, but the fenfe of others, who having the like
difcontentments, privately whifpered them in the ears of thote who ei-
ther Teemed zealous for Religion, or Fadioufly inclined to make ntw
Difturbances in this unfetlednefs of Affairs : In which conjundure it
was no hard matter for them foto work upon mens AfFcdtionSjas to af-
fure them to them felves, and to be ready to flye out upon all occalions,
efpecially when any powerful Head fliould be offered to them. '"'
1600, 34- Of the laft fort was the Confpiracyand Treafon of the Earl of
Gottry^ Son of that William Earl of Goury^ who had been executed for fur-
prifing the Kings Perfon at i?«^^(?» Caltle, ^;?w 1 5 84. And though this
Son of his had been reftored by the King to his Blood and Honours, one
of his Sifters married to the D uke of Lenox., another placed in the Atten-
dance of the Queen, and that his Brother Alexander was advanced to a
Place in the Bed-Chamber •, yet thefe Favours were not able to oblite-
rate the remembrance of the Execution fo juftly done upon their Fa-
ther. By nature he was Proud, Afpiring, and of a Mind greater then his
Fortune. Ill principled in the courfe of his Education 5 which made him
pafllonately affeded to the Difciplinarians-, of whom he was ambitious to
bethought a Patron. To this man they apply therafelves • who by the
lofs of their Authority, or Tyranny rather, meafured the Fortunes of the
Church j as though Religion could not ftand, if their Empire fell. To
him they frequently infinuated their Fears and Jealoufies, the Kings a-
verfenefs from the Gofpel, his extraordinary Favour to the Popilh Lords,
his prefent Pradifes and Defigns to fubvert the Difcipline,the only Pillar
and Support of the Kirk of Scotland-., not without fome Refiedions on
the death of his Father, whole Zeal to God was teftificd by the lols of
his Life, which cryed aloud for vengeance both to God and Man. By
which infinuationstheyfo wrought upon him, that he began to ftudy no-
thino'but Revenge •, and to that end engaged his Brother Alexander (a
fierce young man, and of a very daring Spirit) in the pradife with him.
He alfo held intelligence with fuch of the Minifters as were fuppofed to
be moft difcontented at the prefent Tranfadlions ; but moft efpecially
with the Preachers of £^<'«^<)ro/i(f-&, who could not eafily forget the In-
juries (fo they muft be called) which they had fuffcred from the King for
fome years laft part. Thelike intelligence he kept with xx\2iny Male- con-
tents amongft the Laicks •, preparing all, but opening his Defign to few 5
but opening it howfoever to Logen oi Mejlalrig,'m whom he had more con-
fidence then all the reft.
35, Concerning which, it was avered by one Sprota. Notary, as well
upon Examination before the Lords of the Seftlon, as his Confeflion at
the Gallows, Annoi6o2-, That he had feena Letter written by this Loga»
to the Earl of Goury, in which was fignified. That he ivculdtake part mth
him in revenge of his Fathers death. That to effe^jt, he muft find fome way ore-
thtr to bring the Kingtg Faft Caftle. That it was e.ifer to be done by Sea then
Land':
Lib.x. C]^eiitto??oftl^c^?ejJ5ftemn0, ^^,
Land: And the j might ftfily keep hint there till they had given advertifemehi
of it to the other C$»ffnrat0rs. ■ VoT ^Toof o£ which Confeffion (beino^
free and voluntary) he told the people on the Ladder, thathewoul^
give them a Sign ; which he performed by clapping his hands three
times after his turning off by the Executioner. It was affirmed alfo by
Mr. Wil/tam Coivper{a. right godly man) then being Minifter at Perth^ and
afterwards made Bifliop of Gallomy-, That going to the Houft of the
Earl, (the Hereditary Provolt of that Town; not many days before
the intended Treafon, he found him reading a Book entituled De Cen-
juratiembm adverfus prificipes, containing a Difcoiirfe of Treafons and
Confpiracies againfl feveral Princes 5 of which he waspleafed tooive
this cenfure, Th.it moft of them wdre 'very foelifhly contrived^ and faulty in
feme pei fit or other, which was tbereafm that they found not the defired effeB,
By which it feems that he intended to out go all former Confpirators in •
the contrivance of his Treafon 5 though in the end he fell upon a Plot
which was moft ridiculous, not to be parallell'd by any in that Book
which be fo much vilified. The defign was to draw the King to his
H^ufe in the Town of Pfrf^, under pretence of coming fecretly to fee a
man whom he had lately intercepted with Letters, and fome quantity of
Go\d hom Rome •, and having brought him to fome remote part of the
Houfe, to make fure work of him. The King was then at Falkland Ca'
file-, and going out betimes on Tuefday the RhhofAuguJl, to take his
pleafurc in the Park, he is met by Alexander, who tells him of the. News
of PerthySind that a fpe/dy porting thither would ht worth his travel. The
King comes thither before dinner,accompanied with the Duke o^Lenox^
the E3.r\o( Marre^Evei king the Captain of his Guard, and fome other
Gentlemen, all of them in their Hunting Coats, as minding nothino"
but a Vifit to the Nobleman. Thus is he brought into the toyl -, but
they fliall only hunt him to the view, and not pull him down.
3d. The Kings own dinner being ended, the Lords fall to theirs,which
Alexander takes to be the fitteft time to effed the Enterprife 5 and there-
fore takes the King along with him to an upper Chamber. But feeing
Evesking at his heels,he wiled him to ftay behind3& made fafl the doors.
Being brought into a Chamber on the top of the Houfe, the Kin^ per-
ceived a man in a fecret corner,and prefently asked Alexander if he were
the Party who had brought the Letters and the Gold. But Alexander thea
changed his countenance, upbraided him with the death of his Father,
for which he was now brought to make fatisfadtion-, and therewith left
him to the mercy of the Executioner. I rtiall not (land on all particulars
of the Story ^ the fum whereof is briefly this: That the Kine havinc^
by much llrugling gained a Window, a corner whereof looked toward
the Street, cryed out fo loud, that he was heard by all the Lords and
Gentlemen of his Retinue, who thereupon prepared them felves for fiis
affiftance. In the purfuit whereof the Earl himfelf is killed by Eve'skingj
as hewas making haft to help his Brother-, smd jle:ianderh difpatch-
ed by Ramfey, one of the Kings Pages v who being acquainted withthe
Houfe, came by the back flairs time enough ;to preferve his Mafter.
Of this great danger and deliverance the King gives notice to all his
Subjeds, defiring them to joyn with him in thanks to Almighty God for'
(o greata mcrcy-jwhich was acordingly performed by all honeft membut
A a the
3(52 Ci^e ^iitojf of tlje i^jcjstttertanjs. Lib.x.
the whole ftory disbelieved, difcredited, mif- reported by the T re ihyte-
rjans whom it concerned to wafli their hands of lb foul a Treafon. And
how far they were Paities in it, or at leaft well-williers to it, may ap-
pear by this, That when the Miniftets oi Edenhorough were defired to
convene their people, and give God thanks for this deliverance of the
Kingjthey excufed themfelves as not. being well acquainted with all par-
ticulars. And when it was rcplyed unto them, rhat they were only requi.
red to make known to the people y That the King had ejcaped a great danger, and
to excite them to th auk jgwing for [hit deliverance : They anfvvered. That
they rvere not very tvell Jatisfied in the truth of the matter : That nothing was
to be delivered in a Pulpit, the truth whereof was not certainly known : and
that they were to utter nothing in that place hut that which might le fpoke io
Faith. On which Refufal it was ordered by the Lords of the Council,
That the people (hould be drawn together into the Market- place, that
the Biftiop of Rofs Ihould make a Declaration of the v/hole defign, and
therewithall concave a Prayer of Thankfgiving for the Kings delive-
rance. Which was performed on his part with a true affedion, and en-
tertained by the people with great joy and gladnefs,
37. But the whoL^ Nation was not fo befpotted by the Presiyterimi;
as either to difpute the Story, or defpife the Mercy. Which wrought
fo far upon the Confcicnces of all honeft men, that in a Parliament held
at Edenborough in November following, the Eftate oi-Goury was confif-
cate, his Sons diflierited, the Name o( Ruthen utterly abolilhed,(but the
laft difpenced with ) the bodies of the two Brothers brought to Edenho-
roiighy there hanged and quartered, the Heads of both being fixed upon
the top of the common Prifon : and finally, the 6.hhoi Augufl ordain*
ed by Ad of Parliament for a day of Thankfgiving in all times fucceed-
ing. The like donealfo two years after at a general Aflembly of the
1602. Minifters of the Church held in h'aly Rood Houfe zs to the day of thankf-
oiving, which they decreed to be kept folemnly from thenceforth, in all
the Churches of that Kingdom. And, it was wclkhey didit then, the
King not venturing the Propofal to them m the year foregoing, when
they affembled ziEurnt Jjland, whether in reference to fome indifpofiti-
on of Mind which he found in thtm. But now it went clearly for him
without contradidion, as did fome other things propounded to their
confideration- His Eye now looks unto the Crown of England^ and he
refolved t0 bring the Churches of both Kingdoms to an Uniformity:
but fo to do it as might make neither noife nor trouble. The folemni-
zing of Marriage had been prohibited on Sundays by the Rules of Difci-
pline : but by an Order made in the prefent Afiembly it was indiffe-
rently permitted on all days alike, Sundays zs well zs oWier daysatthe
will of thq Parties. B. fore this time the Sacrament of Baptilm was not
adminiftred but only at the times of Preaching, on fome opioion
which they had ofthe indiflFerency,oratthe leaft the non-neceflitv there-
of. But now it was ordained wi<ib a joynt cOaren,t That the Mi^fien
jhtuld r,»t refufc the Sacrament of Baptifm to Infants, nor delay the fame npori
what fotvet pretext, thefxmebemg renfttiredby the Parents, or ethers inth:tr
name. Which brought them two fteps rearer to the Church of £;5f-
^4/, .tbta;|)efofe they-T;^€.
■ - . .1 I ..I ■ I f , ^^ ^
■"3'8. In was riot lon| after the end of this AflenVbly, when.theKing re-'
ccived intelli^enc^e ofQ^EliZiAth's death, & of the general acknowledg-
ment of Ins Su'cceffion, both by Peers and People. This puts him on^
preparacioii for i Journy to £/;^/. where he is joyfully received,arid found
nofmall contentment in the change of his Fortunes^ here ijaingdmofigfi
CravCj LUrMd, dnd Reverend men -^ not as before-^ ^ Km^wiiheut Staie^ivah-
ottt Honour^ ivhlmit Order ^ where Benrdk[s Boys iVdiild every day brave him to
bis face -, tvhere Jack, and Tom, dnd VVill, and Dick, did at their pieafures
cenfure the pcceedings of him und hii Conned ; yvhere \N\\\ flood up and [aid,
he would have it thus: and Dick replied, Naymar'ry, but it [hall be fo : as he
defcribe^ their carriage in the Conference at Hampton- Court.; p. 4. and
8<?. So'lca\*es lie Scotldrld, and the Puritans there, with this Charader of
"them, recorded in the Preface of his Book', Called Bafiluon Dervn •, 'in
which he paints them our, as people which rcfuftn^ to Irs failed Anabap'-
uds, too much firtici fated of their ffumours, not only agreeing rvith them in
their General Rule, the contempt of the Civil Magijtrate, and in leaning to their
own Dreams^ Imaginations, and Revelations ; but particularly in iiccountini
all men prophane that agree not to their Fancies •, m making, for e'very particu-
lar S^cftwn of the Polity ofihe Church., of niuch Commotion as if the Article
of the T, iuity was called in queftion ; in making the Scnpture to be ruled bj thiir
Confcience, and not their Confcience by the Scripture ; in accounting ever) bo-
dy Ethnicus & Publicanus, not worthy to enjoy the benefit of breathings much
lefs to particip.tte with them in the Sacraments, that denies the leaf jot of their
Grounds: and mfuffering King, People, Law, and all, to be trod under fci),
before the leaji )ot of their Grtunds be impugned ^ in preferring (uch Hoh
Warrs to an Un'^odly Peace ^ not only m refifling Chrijlian Princes, he
denying to pray for them ; for Prayer mull come by Faith, and it is not re-
vealed that God will hear their Prayers for [uch a Prince. To which he
adds this Claafe in the Book it felf, viz,. That they ufed commonly to
tell the people in their Sermons, That all Kings and Princes were natural
ly Enemies to the Liberty of the Church, and could never patiently bear the
rckeof chrijl. And thereupon he gives this Counfel to the Prince,
To tak-- hcej all of fuch Puritans, whom he calls the ver) Pefls of
the church and Commonwealth -, whom no deferis can oblige, neither Oaths
nor Vromfes bind •, breathing nothing hut Sedition and Calumnies • a-
[paring without mcafure, railing without reafon., and making their own ima'Tina-
tions the fqnare of their Confcience: protefling before the Great God, That he
jhould never fnd in any H\^hhnd*:t bafer Thieves, greater Ingratitude, and
more Ijesandvile Perjuries, then amongfl thofe Vanzikzl fpirits heflmildmeet
wit hall.
■2,9. Buconthe contrary, he tells us of the Church 0^ England :it\\\%
firft coming thither, ' That he found that Form of Religion which was
'eftablillied under C)ueen Elizabeth o{ famous memory, by the Laws of
' the Land, to have been bleffcd with a moft extraordinary Peace, and of
' long continuance-, which he beheld as a ftrong evidence of Gods being
"■ very well pleafed with it. He telh us alio, That he could find no •caufe
'at all, on a full debate, for any Alteration to be made in the Com-
' mon Prayer Book, though that moft impugned •, that the Do^f^rines
^feemedtobe fincere, the Forms and Rites to have b.-en juftified out
'of thePradtifeofthe Primiiive Church. And finally, he tells us, that
A a as ' there
, 11 !»:■.■ I I ■■" . ■ I I - -.ll !■ i I I ■■.■I. ■■ ■ ^^ ■! ■ ■ ■ ■ I ■ ■- -■-..^l- » I . ^ .... I —
* there was nothing in the fame which might not very well have been
'born withal, if either the Adverlaries would have made a reafonable
f conftrudion of them •, or that his Majefty had not been fo nice,or rather
' jealous, (as himfclf confefTeth) for having all publick Forms in the
* Service of God, not only to be free from all blame, but from any fuf-
< picion.For which confult his Proclamation of the fifth o( March hdoie
the Book of Common prayer. And herewith he declared himfelf fo high*
ly pleafedj that in the Conferettce at Hojnfton Court he entered into a gra -
tulation to Almighty God, for bringmg him into the Promtfed La»d/J[o he
pleafed to call it) where Religion was purely profeft, the Governmeiit
Ecclefiaftical approved by manifold blefsings from God himfelf, as well
in the increafeof the Gofpel, as in a glorious and happy Peace : and
where he had the happinefs to lit amongft Grave and Learned men,and
not to be a King (as elfewhere he had been) without State, without Ho-
nour, without Order, as before was faid. And this being faid, we (hall
proceed unto the reft of our Story, cafting into the following Book, all
the Succefses of thr Puritans ot Presbyterians in his own Dominions, du-
ring the whole time of his Peaceful Government -, and fo much alfo of
their Fortunes in France and Belgium, as fhall be nccefsary to the know-
ledge of their future adings.
The End of the Tenth !Book.
I- ^•■— ■*«Jf ■*■
1^
J ET^IV S \EVIV IVVT:
OR THE
HISTORY
O F T H E
Presbyterians
L I B. XL
Containing
'ih:'ir SucCejJes whether good or bad^ in England, Scotland, Ire-
land, aufl the I/7f 0/ Jcr(ey, from the Tear 1601 to the Tear
1621^ ; with /oneufbattouchingtheir Affairs^ as rpellin F iznce
and Sweden, as the Belgick ^ro'vhices.
||HE Puritans and Prcsbperuins in both Kinedomes
were brought fo low, when Kins^^ames firft ob-
tained the Crown of E»g!and,thzt they might have
been fuppreft for ever without any great danger,
if either that King had held the Rains with a con-
ftant hand, or been more fortunate in the choice of
his Minifters, after the old Counceliors vvsre wcflra
^ - out, then in fine he proved. But having been kepr.
to fuch hard meats wlien he lived in Scetland^ he was fo taken with the
Delicacies of the Efiglijh Conrty that he a^bandoned the Severities and
Cares of Governmenr, to enjoy the Pleafuresof a Crown. Which
being
2^5 C^^tfto^^oftDe^iegb^tetianjJ, Lib.xL
being perceived by fuch as were moft near unroiiim,it was not long be-
fore the Secret was difcovered to the reft of the people •, who thereupon
refolved to husband all occafions which the times (liould give them, to •
thei'r'beft advantage. But none conceived more hopes of him\''ihen fome
Puritan Zealots -, who cither prcfuming on ^lis Education in tlie Kirk of •
ScotUttd^ or venturing on the eafinefs of his Difpofition, began to inter-
mit the ufe of theCwwwfw Prajer^, to lay alide'the Surplice,- and negled
the Ceremonies •, a:nd more then fo, to hold fome C lafsica land Sy nodi-
cal Meetings, as if the Laws tfceiTffelves had'dyed, when the^Queen ex-
pired. But thefe Diforders he reprefsed by his Proclamation, wherein
he commanded all his Subjeds, of what fort foever, not to innovate
any thing either in Doctrine or Difcipline, till Ire upon mature delibe-
ration (bould take order in it.
2. Bnt fome more wary then the reftrefafed to joyn themfelves to
fuch forward Brethren, whofe adions were interpreted to favour ftron-
ger of Sedition then they did of Zeal. And by thefe men it was thought
better to addrefs themfelves by a Petition to his Sacred Majefty, which
was to be prefented to him in the name of certain Minifters of the
Church of EngUnd^ defiring Reformation of fundry Ceremonies and Abufes :
Given out ,to be fubfcribed by a thoufand hands, and therefore called
the Millenary Petition^ though there wanted fome hundreds of that num-
ber to makeup the fum. In which Petition deprecating, firfl the im-
putation of Schifm and Fadion, they rank their whole Complaints un- '
der thefe four heads •, that is to fay, The Servite of the Churchy Clmrch-Mt-
Tt'tfiers^ the Livings anh Maintenance of the churchy and the Difcipline of it.
In reference to the firft, the Publick Service of the Church, it was de-
fired, ' That the Crofs in Baptifm, Interrogatories miniflred to Infants,
* and Confirmations (as fuperfluoiis)might be taken away. That Bap-
' tifm might not be adminiltred by Women, That the Cap and Surplice
' might not be urged. That Examination might go before the Commu-
*^ nion •, and, that ic be not adminiftred without a Sermon. That the terms
' of Priefl and Abfoliition, with the Ring in Marriage, and fome others,
' mi^ht becorrefted. That the length of Service might be abridged.
* Church Songs and Mufick, moderated. And, that the Lords Day be
'not prophaned, nor Holy-days fo ftridly urged. That there might be
'anllniformity of Dodrineprefcribed. That no Popilh Opinion be a-
' ny more taught or defended. That Minifters mightnot be charged to
' teach their people to bow at the Name o^^efus. And, that the Cano-
' nical Scriptures be only read in the Church.
3. In reference to Church-Minifters it was propounded. That none
' hereafter be admitted into the Miniftrybut Able and Sufficient men ^
'and thofe to preach diligently, efpecially upon the Lords Day : but
* fuch as be already entered, and cannot preach, may either be removed,
' and fome charitable courfe taken with them for their Relief '^ or elfc
'to be forced, according to the value of their Livings, to maintain
* Preachers. That Non-reftdency be not permitted. That K. Edrvards Sta-
' tuteforthelawfulnefsofMinifters marriage might be revived. That
' Minifters might not be urged to fubfcrib= (but according to the Law)
.' the Articles of Religion, and the Kings Supremacy. ][c was defired al-
} fp> in relation to the Churches Maintenance, That Bilbops might leave
* their
Lib. XI. ^t ^ittoj^ Of tl^e ^mt^miam, 3 ej
^ihckComnte^Jciams^ fome holding Prebends, fome Parfonages, fotne
* Vicaridg-s.with their Bifhopricks. That double Beneficed men miohc
' not beluffercd to hold fome two, fome three Benefices, and as many
* Dignities. That Impropriations annexed to Bifliopricks and Colleges,
' be demifeJ only to the Preachers Incumbents for the old Rent. That
* the Impropriations of Lay-mens Fee may be chairged with a fixthor
* feventh partof the worth, to the maintenance of a Preachin«y Mini-
' tier. And finally, in reference to the execution of the Churches Difci-
* pline, it was humbly craved, That the Difcipline and Excommunica-
' tion might be ndminiftred according to Chriflsown Infticutiou • or
* at the Icaft, that Enormities might be redreffed : as namely, That Ex-
' communication might not come forth under the name of Lay-perfons,
< Chancellors, Officials, <^f. That men be not excommunicated for Tri-
* fles,and Twelve-penny matters. That none be excommunicated with-
* outconfentof his Paftors. That the Officers be not fuffered to extort
* unreafonable Fees. That none having Jurifdidion, oraRegifters
* Place, put the fame to Farm. That divers Popifli Canons for re-
* ftraint of Marriage at certain times be reverfed. That the length of
* Suits in Ecclcfiaftical Courts, Cvvhich hung fometimes two,three,four,
* five, fix, leven years) may be reftrained. That the Oath Ex officio^
* whereby men are forced to accufe themfelves, be more fparingly ufed.
* That Licenfes for Marriages, without being asked^ may be more fpa-
' ringly granted.
4. And here it is to be obferved, that though there was not one word
in this Petition either againft Epifcopal Government, or Set Forms of
Prayer, yet the defign thereof was againftthem both. For if fo many
of the Branches had been lopped at once, the Body of the Tree muft
needs have rotred and confumed in a (hort time after. The two Univer-
fities, on the contrary were no lefs zealous for keeping up the Dif-
cipline and Liturgy of the Church, then by Law eftabliflied. And to
that end it waspropofed, and pafTed at Cambridge^ onthe ninth of^me.
That whofoever (liould oppofe by word or writing, either the Doftrine
or the Difcipline of the Church o^ England^ or any part thereof whatfo-
. ever, within the Verge and Limits of the fame Univerfity (otherwife
tht^n in the way of Difputation) he fliould be adlually fufpended from
all Degrees already taken, and utterly difabled for taking any In the
time to come. They refolved alfo to return an Anfwer to the faid Petiti-
on ^ butunderftanding that the Univerfity of Oato^ wasin hand there-
with, and had made a good progrefs in the fame, they laid by that pur-
pofe, congratulating with their Sifter-Univerfity for her forwardnefs
in it, as appears plainly by their Letter of the 7 of O^ohcr. All this was
known unto the King, but he refolved to anfwer them in another way 5
and to that end defisjned a Conference between the parties. A Confe-
rence much dcfired by thofeof the Furitan Fadion in Queen Blizaheths
time, who could not be induced to grant it 5 knowing full well, how
much it tended to the ruine of all publick Government, that matters
once eftabiifhed in due form of law fliould be made fub3e(5l to difputes.
But Kingjrfw^;, either out of a defire of his own fatisfadtion, or to fhew
his great Abilities in Judgment, Oratory, and Difcourfe, refolved
upon it, and accordingly gave Order forit. To which end certain De-
legatss
\esatesof each Party were appointed to attend upon him at his Royal
Palace of Bamfton Ccurt, on the i/^th of January then next following,
there to debate the Heads of the faid Petition, and to abiue his Ma-
ieftiesPleafure and Determination. At what time there attended on
behalf of the Church, tlie Lord Archbifliop oi Canterbury^ the
Lord Biihop oi London-, the Bifliops oi Durham., Wmchcfier^ Worce-
(ier Sx. Davids, Chichejler, Carlijle,and Feterborcugh -^ the Dean of the
Chapel, Weflminfier , chrifts Church, Pads ^ Worcejicr, SaJubiny^Chefierf
and Windfor • together with Dodtr King^ Archdeacon of Not-
tin^hdm, and Dr. Feild^ who afterwards was Dean of G/twfc/fr; Ap-
parelled all of them in their Robss and Habits, peculiar to their fcveral
Orders. y r r
5. Thereappeared alfo in thebcnalf of the Millenaries Dr. ^oh» Rey-
nolds^ zndDr. Thomas Spirk oi Oxford Mr. chattreton., and Mr. Knew-
(lubs, of Cambridge: Apparell'd neither in Priefts Gowns, or Canonical
Coats ^^ but in fuch Gowns as were then commonly worn (in reference
to the form and fafliion of them) by the Turkey Merc^.ants •, as if they
had fubfcribedto the Opinion of oldT.C, That we ought rather to
conform in all outward Ceremonies to thcTurks, then the Papifis. Grtit
hopes they gave themfelves for fettling the Calvinian Dodrines in the
Church of England.^ and altering fo much in the Polity and Forms of
Worftiip, as might bring it nearer by fomeftepsto the Church of Ge-
neva. In reference to the firft, it was much preft by Dr. Reynolds., In the
nameof the reft. That the Nine Articles oi Lambeth, (which he enti-
iu\tdi\iy x.hQXizm& of Orthodoxd A(lertions) might be received amongft;
the Articles of the Church, But this Requeft (upon a true account
of the ftate of that bafinefs ) was by that prudent King rejeded,
with asgreata conftancyas formerly the Articles themfelves had been
fuppreffed under Queen Elizabeth. It was moved alfo. That thefe words
{neither totally »orj?;74//)')mightbeinftrted in the Sixteenth Article of the
publickConfefTion, to the intent that the Article fo explaint-d, might
fpeak. in favour of the 'Zuinglian or Calviman Dodrine , concerning
the irapoflibility of falling from the ftate of Grace and Jiiftification.
Which Proposition gave a juft occafion to Bifliop Bancroft to fpeak
his fenfe of the Calvinian Dodrine of Predeflination., whicli he cal-
led in? plain terms A defperate DcBrine. Upon vvhofe interpofings
in that particular, and afhort Declaration made by the Dean of St.
Pattls^ touching fome Heats which had been raifed in Cambridge in,
purfuit thereof, this fccond Motion proved as fruitUfs as the firft
had done.
6. Nor fped they better in relation to the Forms of Wordiip, then
they had done in reference unto points of Dodrine. Some pains they
took ip crying down the Surplice,and the Crofs in Baptifm, the Ring in
Marriaoe, andthelnrerrogatories propofed to Infants : And fomewhat
alfo was obferved touching fome Errors in the old Tranflation of the
Englifh pfalter •, as alfo in the Gofpels and Eplftles, as they flood in the
Lituroy.: ButtheirObjedions were, foftale, and fo often anfwered, that
the Bifliops and Conformable Party went away with an eafie Vidory ;
not only the Kings Majefty, but the Lords of his Council, being abun-
dantly well fatisfied in fuch former fcruples as had been raifed againft
the
Lib. XI. . '^t^^Olt Of tt)t^lt0f)tttVimfi^ y69
the Church and the Orders of it. The fum and fubftance of which Cor!-
ference, colleded by the hand of Dr, 54r/w then Dean of Ckjl&^ can
hardly be abreviated to a lefler compafs, without great injury to the
King and the Conftrrees. Let it fuffice thatthis great Mountain, which
had raifed fo much expectation, was delivered only of a Moufe t The
Millenary Flaimiffs have gained nothing by their fruitlefs travel, butthe •
expounding of the word Abfokticn by Remtjjion of Sim -^ the qualifying
of the Ruhrick about Private Baptifm ; the adding o^f fome Thankf-
givingsat thecndofthe Litany, andof fomeOyeftions and Anfwersin
theclofeof the Catechifm. But on the other iide the Brethren loft fo
much in their Reputation, that the King was very well fatisfied in the
weaknefs of their ObjedionSj and the Injuftice of their Cavils 5 info-
much that turning his head towards fome of the Lords, if this be aU
( quoth j.e ) rchich they have tofdy, I will dther make them conform themfehes
er hurry them out of the Land., or di> fomeahat rphich is rvgrfei, p.85. Which
notwithlbnding they gave out, 'That all was theirs ^ and that they
* had obtained an abfolute Vidoryi: but rpore particularly that the Kino-
* gratified Dr. Reynolds in every thing whl^h he propofed 5 and that Dr.
* Reynolds obtained and prevailed in every thing they did defire. That if
* any man report the contrary he dothiye •, and that they could ^ive
* him the lye from Dr. Reyy,elds his mouth : that thefe things now obta;-
'nedby the Reformers, were but the beginning of Reformation . the
'greater matters being yet to come. That my Lord of ffy»/„« ftood
* mute, and faid little or nothing. That my Lord of London called Dr.
*■ Reynolds Schifmatick ', ( he thanks him for it) but otherwife faid^ little
* to the purpofe. That the Kings Majefty ufed the Bifliops^ with very
'hard words •, but embraced Dr. Reynolds^ and ufed moft kind fpeeches
* to him. That my Lord of Ganterbury, and my Lord of London fallinp
'on their knees, befounght his Majefty to take their Caufe into his
'own Hands, and to malce fome good end of it, fuchasmif^bt fland
' with their Credit.
7. All this and more they fcattered up and down in their loirrilous Pa-
■pers, to keep up the fpiritsof thtir Party ^ two of which coming to the
hands of Dr. Bar lew before mentioned, he caufed them to be publillied
at the end of the Conference : The Truth and Honefty of whofe Colle-
dions,having been univerfally approved above fifty years, hath been
impugned of late by fome forry Scriblers of the Puritan Fadion ; and a
report raifedof fome Retraftation which he is fabled to have made at the
time ofhis death, of the great wrong which he had done to Dr. Reynolds,
and the reft of the Millenaries. The fillinefs of wliich Ficlion hath been
elfcvvhere canvafed, and therefore not to be repeated in this time and
place. But for the clearing of that Reverend perfon from fo foul a
Calumny, we {hall not make ufe of any other Argument, then the
words of King ^ames, who tells us in his Proclamation of the fifth
of March, that he could not conceal. That the fuccefs of that conference
was fuch as hafneth to many other things^ vohich mo'ving great expcii at ions
before they be entered into^ in their i/ue produce fmall ejfeBs : That he found
mighty a/id vehement Informations fupported mthfo weak and fender Proofs^
as it appeared unto him and his Council ; that there was no caufe why any
ehang! (hould be tn that which was mofl impugned^ namely^ The Book of
B b b Common
370 d)e l^tftonf Of ti^e ^^jepij^tcrtan?!. Ub.xi.
common frsjer^ contamng thepihlick Service of God here ejiablifled t, nor in
the I>$£irtn€^tphich appeared to be fincere ^ nor in the Forms and Mites, ivhich
were jttpjicd out of the Pranks of the primitive church : And finally, that
though with the confent of the Bijhops and other learned men and then and there
affemhled, jomepajjages therein were rather explained then altered^ jet.jhat the
Ume might very rvell have been born dmongfifuch men who rvould have made a
reafonable conjirn^iion of them* Which i conceive to be fuflicient for the
vindication of that Learned Prelate, for clearing him from doing any
injury to Dr. Reyndds, in the repeating of his words, as is fuggeftedby
fomeP»r«4»Scriblersofthefeprefent titnes. -V
5ffj8. But to proceed : This Conference was followed with the
i'roclaraation of the fifth of March 5 in which his Majrfly having firft
declaied the occafion and fuccefs thereof, in the wards formerly laid
down, proceeds to iignifie the prefent courfe which he had taken for
* cauling the Book of Common Prayer to fee fo explained •, and being
* fo explained, to be forthwith Printed: not doubting but that all his
*Subjeds, both Minifters and others, would receive the fame with due
'reverence, and conform theinfelves to ir. Which notwithftanding he
* conceived it neceiTary to make kuown his Authorizing of the fame by
* his Proclamation, and by that Proclamation to require and enjoyn all
' men, as well Ecclefiaftical as Temporal,to conform themfelves there-
« unto, as to the only publick Form of ferving Gud, eftablillied and al-
* lowed in this Realm. Which faid, he lays a ftrift command on all
' Archbifhops, and Bilhops, and iall other publick Minifters, as well
' Ecclefiaftical as Civil,forcaufing the fame to be obferved, and punifli-
' ing all Offenders to the contrary, according to the Laws of the Realm
* made in that behalf. Finally, He admoniflieth all his Subjeifts of what
* fort foever,not to cxped hereafter any Alteration in the publick Form
' of GodsServicCj from that which he had then eftablillied. And this
*^ he fignified ( as afterward it followeth in the faid Proclamation ) bc-
* caufe that he neither would give way to any to prefume,that his judg-
* ment having determined in a matter of fuch weight, fliould be fwayed
' to any Alteration by the Frivolous Suggeftions of any light head 5
* nor could be ignorant of the inconveniencies that do arife in Gover'n-
i,ment, by admitting Innovation in things once fettled by mature delibe-
' ration •, and how neceftary it was to ufe conftancy in the publick De-
' terminations of all States : for that (faith he) fuch is the unquietnefs
' and unftedfaftnefsof romedirpofitions,affeding every year new Forms
'of things, as if they ftiould be followed in their unconftancy, would
' make all Adions of State ridiculous and contemptible ; whereas the.
* fteadfaft maintaining of things by good Advice eftablidied, is the Pre-
* fervativeand Weal of all publick Governments.
9. The main concernments of the Church being thus fecnred, his Ma-
jefty proceeds to his firft Parliament5accom|>anied as the cuftom Is v/ith
a Convocation 5 which took beginning on the twentieth day of 3/jrf-&
then nextenfuing.In the Parliament there pafted fomc Aifls which con-
cerned the Churchjas namely,one for making void all Grants and Leafes
which ftiould be made of any of the Lands of Archbifhops and Birtiops.to
the Kings Majefty,or any of his Heirs & SuccefTorSjfor more then one &
twenty years,or three lives. Which Ad was feafonably procured by Bi-
fliop
rri.,9.,:^rr
ibop Bancroft i to prevent the begging of the. -Jco//, who otherwifc
would have picked the Church to the very bone. There alfo/pafl
an Ad for the repealing of a Statute in the Reign of Queen ^i/jry, by
means whereof the Statute of King Edward the fixth, touching the law-
fulncfs of Minifters Marriages, were revived again, as in the MiUtnarj
i'fW/tfai was before deiired. And either by the Pradife^of fome Pwr/f**
Zealots, who had their Agents in all cornerSs or by the carelefnefs and
connivence of his Majefty's Counciljlearned in the Laws of this Realmj
wholhould have had an eye upon them, that Statute of K. EdwArdwzs
revived alfo,by which it was enabled, that all Procefles, Citations,Judg-
ments, &c. in any of the Ecclefiaftical Courts, (honld be JifTued in the
Kings Name, and under the Kings Seal of Arms-,which afterwards oavc
fome colour to the Puritan Fadion, for creating trouble to the BiSops
in their Juril'didion. The Convocation was more adive •, fome days be-
fore the fitting whereof the moft Reverend Archbifhop W^//'j-//f departs
this life, and leaves it to the managing of Dr. Richard Bancroft, BiRiop of
jLoadofi-^asthe Prefidentof it .• By whofe great induftry and indefatigable
pains a Body of Canons was coUeded, to the number of one hundred
forty one, out of the Articles, Injundions, and Synodal Afts during the
Reigns of Queen £//;:.4i'f//^ and K. Edward the fixth. Which being me-
thodically digefted, approved of in the Convocation, and ratified by
his MajcUy's Letters Patents in the due form of i. aw, were ftootly put
in execution by thefaid Dr, Bancroft, tranflated to the Stt oi Cam er bury
in the Moneth o[ December^ Amo 1604,
10. And to fay truth, it did concern him to be refolute in that pro-
fecution, confidering how ftrid a Bond was made by many of the Bre-
thren, when they agreed unto the drawing of the former Petition ; hy
which they bound themfelves not only tofeek redrefs of thofe particu-
liars which are comprehended in the fame •, but that thefiate of the Church
ptightbe reformed in all thirds needful^acccrding to the Rule of Gods holi Word^
and Agreeable to the example of other Reformed churches^ which had reft orti
both the.r Doctrine and Difcipline, as it wm delivered b^j aur Saviour chrili and
his holy Apojlles. And how far that might reach, none knew better then
he ^ who in his Note o{ Danger out Pofit ions and Proceedings^ and his Sur-
vey of the pretendeJ holy Difciplme, had founded the depth of their defit^ns
and found that nothing could enfue upon their Portions, but a moft un-
avoidable ruine to the Church and State. He hadobferved with what a
p^evifh malice they had libelled againft Archbilliopff/»/>^;yit (a Prelate
of a meek and moderate fpirit)after his deceafejand could not but exped
j^ worfe dealing from them-, which he after found, by how much he
had handled them more courfly then his PredecelTor. For thou<'h the
Lords had fhevved their zeal unto the memory of that famous Prelate^
by the fevers puniftiment of Pickering who made the Libell 5 yet well
he knew, that the terror of that puifhmeut would be quickly over,
Jf a hard hand were not alfo kept upon all the reft. And for keeping a
hard hand upon all the reft he was encouraged by the words of King
James at the end of the Conference, when he affirmed. That he vpould
either make the Puritans conform themfelves ^or elfe would hurry them out of the
J,And, or do that which was worfe. Upon which grounds he fet himfelf upon
the work,requires a ftrid conformity to the rules of the Church, accoc-
B b a ^ing
37 2
C^e ^ifto?^ of m p?c0l)ttcmnjs. Lib. xi.
din<» tothe Lawsand Canons in that behalf-, and widiout fparing
>Jon-conformifts, or Half-Conformifts, at laft rtductd them to that
point. That they muft either leave their Churches, or obey the Church.
Xht Altar of Dantafcta tells us, if we may believe him, That no fcAver
then three hundred Preaching Minirters, were either tilenced or depri-
ved upon that account. But the Authors of that Book, whofoever they
were who ufe fometimes to Jirain at Gn-is^ mdfrvallorv a Camel 5 at
other times can make a Mountain of a Mole-hill, if it ftand in their
way: For it appearsupon the Rolls brought in by Y>\'iho^ Bancroft be-
fore his death, that there had been but 49 deprived upon all occafions 4
which in a Realm containing 9000 Pariflies, could be no great matter.
Butib it was, that by the punifhment of fome few of the Principals, he
ftruck fuch a general terror into all the reft, that inconformity grew
outof fafliioninalefs timethencould be eafily imagined.
,1x1. Hereupon followed a great alteration in the Face of Religion •,
more Churches beautified and repaired in this (hort time of his Govern.-
ment, then had been in many years before : The Liturgy more folemnly
officiated by the Priefts, andmorereligioufly attended by the common
people ^ the Fafts and Feftivals more punftually obferved by both, then
of later times. Coaps brought again into the Service of the Church, the
Surplice generally worn without doubt or hjefitancy ; and all things in
a manner are reduced to the fame eftate in which they had been firfi fct-
led under Queen £//2./j^f?A : which, though it much redounded to the
Honour of the Church of £»^//iW; yet gaveit nofmall trouble to tome-
ftickUrsfor the Puritan Fadion, expreft in many fcandalous Libels,and
feditious railings^ in which this Revf rend Prelate fuffered both alive
and dead. Some who had formerly fubfcribed, but not without feme
fecret evafion, or mental refervation which they kept to themfelves,are
now required to teftifie their Conformity by a new fubfcription ,in which
it was to be declared, that they did willingly & ex animo, fithfcribe to the
three ^rf/f/fi,(formerly tendred to the Clergy under Archbilhop whitgift^
butnow incorporated into the thirty fix Canons) andto all things in the
fame contained. Which leaving them no ftarting-hole either for pradi-
fing thofe Rites and Ceremonies which they did not approve, or for ap-
proving that which they meant not to praftlf:', as they had done for-
merly •, occafioned many of them to forfake their Benefices, ratlier tlien
to fubfcribe according to the true intention of the Church in the faid
three Articles : Amongft which, none more eminent thtn Dr. lohn
Surges.^ beneficed at that time in Ltpscoln Diocefs, who for fome pafia-
oes in a Sermon preached before the King, on the 19 of It/ne^ 1604,
was committed Prifoner : and being then required by the Biihopof X()^-
</<>» to fubfcribe thofe Articles, he abfolutely made refufal of it •, and
prefently thereupon refigned his Benefice ^ the reafons whereof, he gives
in a long Letter to Dr. William Chatterfon, then Bifhop of Lincoln. He
applied himfelf alfo, both by Letter and Petition, to his Sacred Majefty,
clearing himfelf from all intention of preachins anything in that Ser-
mon which might give any juft offence ; and humbly praying for a
leftitution, not to his Church, but only to his Majefties Favour. Which
oained fo far upon the King, that he admitted him not long after
to aperfonal Conference, recovered him unto his ftation in the Church,
from
r
Lib. XI. . ci^e f iftotp Of tl)e ^jejJb^terianjJ. 375
from wl'ich he was fallen f and finally, occafioned his preferring* to
the Redory of Co';^iti, in the County of Warwick. After whiclf, he
became a profcft Champion of the Government and Liturgy of the
Church of Er.gUm-^ both which he juftified againft all the Cavils of
x\\Q Non Coriformijls^ as appears by a Learned Book ofhi^, entituted,
Jn Anfivcr rejojffcd to the appLtuded Pamphlet, &c. publifhed in the yedr
.1531. ■ -''•
12. But the gaining of this man did not ftill the fefi : For prefently '^^J^
on the neck of this, comes out a Fa(5lious Pamphlet, publilKed by the
jLiKcol»-(hire Mlnidars^ which th y call The Jl>ridgme»t -^ conia'mino the
fum and fubftance of all thofe Objtdions which either then Wer-',or for-
merly had been made againft the Church, in'reference to Do<arine,Go-
vernment, or Forms of WorQiip : Concerning which, it U obfervtd by
tht faid Dr. Surges^ That he found the ftate of the QueftionS to be very
much altered in the famej that Cdrtrvnght, and the reft, in the times fore-
going, though they !.a i ftiarpned both their Wits and Pens againft the
Ceremonies, oppofed thtm' a$ inconvenient only, but riot unlawful :'
That therefore they endeavoured to perfwade the Miniftvrs rather to
conform th'.;nfelves, then to leave their Flocks ^ the peopleVrather to
receive the Communion kneeling, then not to receive the fame at all:
but, that thvi Au:hors of that Book, and fome other Pamphlets, pro-
nounced thtm to be fimply unlawful, neither to be impofed nor ufed ;
fome of them thinking it a great part of godlinefs. to caft off the Sur-
plice, and commanded their Children fo to dc This made the Bi(h6pS
far more earneft to reduce them to a prefen^ Conformity^ then other-
wife they might have been, though by fp doing they encreafed thofe
difcontents. the feeds whereof were fown at the end of the Conference.'
All this the P4//j well obferved, and rejoyced at it, intending in the
carrying on of the Gun-powder Treafon, to lav the guilt thereof on
the Puritans only. But the King and his Council mined with them, and
undermined them, and by fo doing blew them up in their own Inven-
tion ; the Traytors being difcovered, condemned, anJ executed, as they
moftjuftly had deferved. But this Defign which was intended for a
ruine of r he Puritan Fadion, proved in conclufion very advantagious to'
their Ends and Purpofes : For, tl^e King bei ig throughly terrified with
the apprehenfi on of fo great a danger, turned all his thoughts upon the '
Papi/fsy and was content to let the Puritans take breath, and regain fome'
ftrength, that they might ferve him for acounterpoife againft the o-
ther : as afterwards he gave fome countenance to the Pofijh Party, when
he perceived the oppofite Fadion to be grown too heai-ftrong. Nor
were the Par/V^^j wanting to thcmfelves upon this occafion, but enter-
tained the Court and Country with continual fears of fome new dan-
gers from the Papifis ; and by appearance of much zeal for the true
Rel-gion, and nolefscare for theprefcrving of their common Liberty
againft theencroichments of the Court, came by degrees to make a
Party in the Houfe of Commons. And hereunto King //rww unwit-
tingly contributed his affiftance alfo •, who being intent upon uninnt^ the
two kingdoms by Ad of Parliament, fufferedthe Commons to expati-
ate in Rhetorical Speeches, to callinqueftion the extent of his Royal
Prerogative, to embrue many Church-concernments, and to difpute the
power'
374 Cl^eiPittojf'Of t^c^jcplj^terfanjs. Lib.x.-
power of the High Coramifllon : By means whereof they came ^t
■ lafl: to fuch an height, that the King was able in the end to do nothing
in Parliament, but as he courtedand applyed himfelf to this popular
Fadion.
' 12. Worfe fared it with the Brethren of the Separation, who had re-
tired themfelves unto y/»«/?fr^<»w in the former Reign, then with their
firft Founders and Forefathers in the Church of England : For hi-
vin» broken in funder the Bond of Peace ^ they found no poflibi'ity of
prcferving the 5/>/>/f 0/ W^i/Ji •, one Separation growing continually oa
the neck of another, till they were crumbled into nothing. The Brethren
of the firft Sepftration had found fault with the Church oiEngbnd^ox
reading Prayers and Homilies as they lay in the Book, and not admit-
ting the Presl>ytery to take place amongft them. But the Brethren of the
fecond Separation take as much diftafte againft retaining all Set forms of
Hymns and Pfalms, committing their Conceptions, both in Praying
and Prophefying, to the help of Memory •, and did as much abomi-
nate Presbytery, as the other liked it : For firft, They pre- fuppofe for
^ranted, as they fafely might, that there be three kinds of Spiritual
Worihip, Prayingy Profhefying^ and Singing of pfalms-^ and then fubjoyn
this Maxim, in which all agreed, that is to fay, That there is the fame
reafonof Helps ia all theoarts of Spiritual Worfliip, as is to be ad-
mitted in any one, during the performing of that Worfliip. Upon which
oround they charge it home on their fellow-Scparatifis, That, as in
PrAfer the Book is to be laidajide^ by the confefsion of the ancient Brethren of
the Separation, fo mufi it alfohe in Prophefymg and Singing ofpjalnts : and
therefore, whether wepray, orfing-> erprophefi, it is mt to be from the Book,
but out of the heart. For Prophefying^ next, they tell us, that the Spirit
is quenched two manner of ways, by Memory, as well as Reading.
And to make known how little ufe there is of Memory in the Ad of
Prophefying or Preaching, they tell us, That the citing of Chapter and
Verfe (as not being ufed by Chriftand his Apoftles in their Sermons
or Writings) isa^markof Antichrifh. And as for /y^/w;, which make
the third part of Spiritual Worlbip , they propole thefe Queries :
i.Whether in a Pfalm a man mujl be tyed to Meerer,Rythme,rf«^ Tune ? and
whether Voluntary be not as necefary in Tune <i»^ Words^ as neli as
Matter? And 2. ^/&«Aer Meeter,Rythme, rfWd^Tune, be not quenching
the Spirit <
14. According to which Refolution of thei\rfjv Sifaration every man,
when the Cor,gregation (hall be met together, may firft conceive his
own Matter in the Adl of Praifing •, deliver it in Profe or Meeter, as
he lifts himfelf •, and in the fame inftant chant out in what Tune fo-
ever that which comes firft into his own head ; Which would be fuch
a horrible confufion of Tongues and Voices, that hardly ^any how*
ling or gnafliing of teeth can be like unto ir. And yet it follows
fodiredly on the former Principles, that if we banilh all fet Forms of
Common Prayer, (which is but only one part of Gods Public}; Wor-
(hip) from rheufe of the Church, we cannot but in Juftice and in R afon
both, banifti all /s^/f^/andfrf-wf^/rrfff^ Sermons from the H ufe of
God, and utterly caft out all King D4i^/d^j- Pfalms, (whether in Pric or
Meeter, that comes all to one) and all Divine Hymns alfointo the bar-
gain.
Li&. XI. ci^c ^t^on of ^^ 0>esrtj^^iiijj» .^^5
111 II ■■■——I — g
gain. Finally, as to Fdirms of Govcfnment, they declared thoj,' (or
to this parpole, at the leaft, if my memory fail hot) That as \he<r
which live under the tyranny of the Pope and CardinalSj woffhip the
irery Beafi it felf •, and th^y which liveutidVr the Go\^emment of Afchi-
biihops and Biiliops, doworfliip the Imrtgeof theBeafi 5. ftj they jvBiUi
willingly obey the Reformed Presbytery of Paftors,- Eldefs, and bea-
cons, worlTiip the (hadstv of that Image. To fuch ridiculous Folli'^S a'fe
men commonly broughr, when once prefuming on fome ^ew Lithr to
dired their Ad:ions, they fufFer themfclves robe mif-g:uided &y rhe
^mfatutis of their own Inventions. And in this poflure flood fft^ '£f^.
then of the Separation, Anno 1606, when Sm/th firfi ptrbiiflied' his B66k
of the prefent differences between the Churches of the SepafatioKj ^s
he hontftly calls them. But afterwards there grew another great di-
fpuce between Amfwonh znd BroughtBn, Whether the colour oi Axrerfs
Linen Efhodwtxtoi Blerv^ov a Sea- water Green: Which did not Only
trouble all the Djers in Amfieydam, but drew their feVtrif Followers in-
to Sides and Factions, and made good fport to all ch-e ^orid^trut them-
fdves alone. By reafonof which' DIvifions and Sub-drviflions, they fell
at laft into to many Fractions, that one of them in the end became a
Church of hiinfelf, and having none to joyn in Opinion with him, ba-
ptized hirafcir, and tiiereby got the name of a Sea-bapifl ; which never
any Scdarycr Herttick had obtained before, • .•
15. It fell not out much other wife in the Betgic^ Provinces,, •«^ich
thofe of the dilviman Judgment, who then began to find fome diminu-
tion of chat Power aod Credit wherewith they carried' all before them
in the times preceding, ^unitts, a very moderate an4 learned man, and
oneofcheProfelTors for Divinity in the Schools 6i leyde/i depari^^d
om of this life in the fame year alfo •, into whofe Place the Overfeer^, or
Car^fW'Xyas they call them, of that Univerficy, made choice o( ^acel
Van Harmine, a man of equal Learning, and no lefs Piety. He had for
fifteen years before, been Paftor (as they love to phrafe it) to the.oreat
ChMvch of Amfterd Am, the chief City of //e//4»i/ -, during which time
he publilhed his Diicourfe againft the Dodrine of Predeflimtioff, as laid
down by Ferkhs, who at that time had printed his ArrnWa Aurea, and
therein juftified all the Rigours of the Supra-hffarioins'. Kncourao-ed
with his good fuccefsin this^ Adventure, he undertakes a Conference'on
thefame Argument with the Learned J«w;^/, one of the Sh6' la^arta/)
Judgment 5 the fumme whereof being fpread abroad in feveral Papers,
was afc:rward fet forth by the name of Amtca ColUtio, By means where-
of, as he attained a great efteem with all moderate men , '{6 he
exceedingly exafperated moft of the Calvinian Minifters, wlro there-
upon oppofed his coming to Zg^f;* with their utmoft power, accufin"
him of Heterodoxies and unfound Opinions, to the Council of Holland.
But the Curators being conftantin their Refolutions, and/T/irzw;); ha-
ving purged himfelf from all Crimes objedlred before his Judges at the
Hague •, he is difpatched for Leyden, admitted by the Univerfity,and con-
firmed by theEftate : Towards which the Teftimonial Letters fent '^ °* ''''''* '»-
from Amflerdam cjid not help a little- in which he ftands commended for 7!!hnJ%"
a man of an * unbkmeable life, found DoS^rine^and fair hehavi<fur-^ as by their ?»""» jumam'
Letters may appear,exemplificd in an Oration which was made at his Fu- "'^^ o"'t '
neral. i^. By '^'' ^^'
^,^5 C^el^ifto?^ of t^ ^^ejJbtteMan^. Lib, xi-
i6. By which Attradives he prevailed as much amongft the Stu-
dents of Leyde^i as he had done amongft the Merchants at Amfter-
dam. For during the fliort time of hislitting in the Chair of Leyden,
lie drew unto him a great part . of that Univerfity ; who by the Piety
of the man, his powerful Arguments^hisextream diligence in that place>
and the clear light of Realon which appeared in all his Difcourfes,
became fo wedded at the laft unto his Opinions, that no time or troubls
could divorce them from Hurmin,: Dying in the yeer 1^09, the Heat,
betwixt his Scholars, and thofe of a contrary Perfwafion, were rather
eacreafed then abated 5 the more encreafed (or want of fuch prudent Mpf
derators as had before preferved the Churches from a publick Rup*
ture! The breach between them growing wider and wider, each fide
thou<»ht fit to feek the countenance of the State 5 and they did accor-
dinf'ly. For in the year 1610 the Followers of Arminms addrefs their
^e«;oA;/?rtf;7^f (containing the Antiquity of their Doiiirines, and the fub-
ftance of themj to the States oiHoUund^ which wasencountred prefent-
ly by z Contra- Remenfirawe, exhibited by thofe of Crf/wW Party: from
hence the Name of Remenfimnts, and Contra- Remonftrants, fo fre'-
quent in their Books and Writings. Which though it brought feme
trouble for the prefenc on the Churches of Holland^ conduced much
more to the advantage of the Church of England^ whofe Doifkrine
in thofe points had been fo over-born, if not quite fupprelfed, by thofe
of the Cdvimart Party, that it was almoft reckoned for a Herefie to be
found and Orthodox, according to the tenour of the Bonk of Arti-
cles, and other publick Monuments of the Religion here by Law efia-
blifhed. For being awakened by the noife of the Belgick Troubles,moft
menbegan to look about them, to fearch more narrowly into the Do-
dlrincs of the Church, and by degrees to propagate,maintain, and teach
them againft all Oppofers, as (hall appear more largely and particularly
in another place.
17. At the fame time more troubles were pro/e6led in the Realm of
Sweden^ Prince Sigifmund, theeldeft Son of ^ohn^ and the Grand-child
o^Gtfia'Viu ErJcus, the firft King of that Family, was in his Fathers life
time chofen King of Peland, in reference to his Mother, tbe Lady Cathe-
rine^ Sifter to Stgtfmund the fecond. But either being better pleafed with
the Court of P<)/<t»^, or not permitted by that people to go out of the
Kingdom, he left the Government of Sweden to his Uncle Charles^ a
Prince of no fmall Courage, but of more Ambition. At firft he go-
verned all Affairs as Lord Deputy only, but pra(5Hred by degrees the
exercife of a greater Power then was belonging to a Vice- Roy. Find-
ing the Zw^Af^-^wJ not fo favourable unto his Defigns, as he conceived
that he had merited by his Favours to them, he raifed up a Cahinia/t
Party within the Realm, according to who^e Principles he began firft
to withdraw his obedience from his Natural Prince, and after toaffume
the Government to himfelf. But firft he fuffers ail Affairs to fall into
great Diforders, the Realm to be invaded by the Mufcovites on the one
fide, by the Danes on the other, that fo the people might be caft on
fome necefllty of putting themfelves abfolutely under his protedion. In
which difttaiftions he is earneftly follicired bv all forts of people, except
• ■ ^ . . - , only
Lib. XI. '®]^e!^tftotvoftt)ef^je!2Jl)rtenan0. 377
oulythofe of his own Party, to accept the Crown 5 which he tonfeilts
to at the laft, as if f :)rced unto it by the neceflity of his Countrey. BUr
he fo play'd his Game withall, that he would neither take the fame, nor
protect the Subjc»5ls, till a Law was made for entailing the Crown for
ever unto his Pofterity, whether idde or Female, as an Hereditary King-
dom. In all which Plots and Purpofes, he thrived fo luckily, ( if p
ufurp another Princes Realm may be called Good luck ) that after a long
War, and Tome Bloody Vidories, he forced his Nephew todefift from
all further Enterprifes, and was Crowned King at Stockholm , in the year
1607. But as he got this Kingdom by no better Title then of Force and
Fraud i, fo by the fame, the Daughter of his Son Cuftavm Adolf ht^,
was diverted of it, partly compelled, and partly cheated out of her E-
flace. Sofoon expired the Race of this great Politician, that many thoa-
fandsof that p;ople who faw the firft beginning of it, lived to fee the
end.
1 8. Such Fortune alfo had the French Calvini am in iheit glorious
Projeds, though afterwards it tamed to their deftrudion.Forinthe year
1^03, they held a general Synod at Gappe in Daulphine^ anciently the chief
Cityof the ^/'f;jf(r;:/fj, and at this time a Bifliop's See. Nothing more
memorable in this Synod(as to points of Dodirinejthen it was determi-
ned for an Article of their V Sikh, That the Pcpe was Amkhrijl. But far
moremeraorabie wasit for their Ulurpations on the Civil Power. For
at this Meeting they gave Audience to the Embafladors of fome Foreign
States, as if they had been a Common-wealth diftinft from the Realm
o{ France. More then which they audacioufly importuned the King (of
whofeaffedionto them they prefumed too far)by their feveral Agents, "^
for liberty of going whercfover they lifted, or fending whomfoever they
pleafed, to the Councils and Affemblies of all Neighbouring-Eftatcs
and Nations which profeft the fame Religion with them. This though it
had not b -en the firll:, was looked on as their greateft encroachment on
the Royal Authority, which in conclufion proved the ruine of their caufe
and Party, For what elfe could this aim at,(as was well obferved by the
King then reigning j but to make th^-mfelvesa State diftind and inde-
pendent, to r.iife iipancwCommon^wealth in the midft of aKinc^dom,
and to make the Schifm as great in Civil, as in Sacred matters : Which
wrought fo far upon the Councils of his next Succtflor, who had not been
trained up amongft them as his Father was, that he refolved to call them
to a fober reckoning on the next occafion, and to drive them all at once
of thofe Powers and Priviledges which they fo wantonly abufed unto
his difturbance. Of which we fhall fpeak more hereafter in its proper
place.
In the mean time let us crofs over into Scotland^whetQ all Affairs mo- KJ05.
ved retrograde, and feemed to threaten a relapfe to their old confulions.
A general Affembly had been intimated to be held at Aberdeen^ in the
moncth cf Jff/y Anno i6o4,which by reafon that the King was wholy ta-
ken up with effeding the Union, was adjourned to the fame moneth, in
the year next following. In the mean feafon, fome of the more Factious
Minifters, hoping to raife no fmall advantage to themfelves and their
Party, by the abfence of fo many Perfons of moft Power and Credit,
began to enterraia new Counfels for the unravelling of that Web
C c c • which
which the King had lately wrought with fuch care and cunning. The
King hears of it, and gives order to fufpend the Meeting till his further
Pleafure were declared. Wherein he was fo far cbeytd by the major
part,that of the fifty Presbyteries into which the whole Kingdoni was di-
vided, ^««e 15925 nine only fent Commiilioners to attend at Aberdeen.
When the day came, the meeting was fo thin and {lender, char there ap-
pearred not above one and twenty, when they were at the fuUeft. But
they were fuch as were refolved to (land ftoutly to it, each man concei-
ving himfelf ablein the Caufe of God, to make refiftance to an Army.
The Laird of Lowreflen commands them in the Kings Name to return to
their Houfes, to difcontinue that unlawful Aflembly, and not to meet
on any publick occafion which concerned the Church, but by his Ma-
jefty's appointment. They anfwerjthat they were affembled at that time
and place, according to the word of God, and the Laws of the Land j
and that they would not betray the Liberties of the Kirk of Scotland, by
obeying fuch unlawful Prohibitions. Which faid, and having delircd
him to withdraw a while, they made choice of one Forks for their Mo-
derator, and fo adjourned themfelves to September following. Lowrejloit
thereupon denounced them Rebels ^ and fearing that fome new affront
might be put upon him, and confequently on the King, in whofe Name
he adled, he feeks for remedy and Prevention to the Lords of the Coun-
cil : Forbes and Welch, the two chief fticklers in the Caufc, are by them
convented 5 and not abating any thing of their former obftinacy, are
both fent Prifoners unto BlAckne[s : A day is given for the appearance of
the reft, which was the third day of O^ober 5 at wliat time thirteen of
the number made acknowledgment of their offence, and humbly fup-
pulicated, that their Lordfhips would endeavour to procuretheir pardon:
the reft remaining in their difobedience, are by the Lords difpofed of in-
to feveral Prifoiis.
19. But thefe proceedings did fo little edefie with that ftubborn Fa-
«5tion, that the Lords of the Council were condemned for their juft fcve-
rity, and all their Adings made to aim at no other end bu t by degrees to
introduce the Rights and Ceremonies of the Church of Englmd. The
King endeavours by a Declaration to undeceive his good people, and re-
claim thefe obftinate perfons from the ways of ruinj and intimates with-
all, that new AfTembly (hould be held at Dundee in ^uly following. But
this prevails as little as the former courfe. Which puts the bufinefs on
fo far,that either the King muft be conformable to their prefent humour,
ortheyfubmit themfelves to the Kings juft power. The Lords refolve
upon the laft, command them to appear at the Council Table,to receive
their Sentence, and nominated the ztfth of oSfi,ber for the day of Doom.
Accordingly they came, but they came prepared, having fubfcribcd a
publick Inftrument under all their hands, by which they abfolutely de-
cline the Judgment of the King and Council, as altogether incompetent,
and put themfelves upon the tryal of the next AfTembly, as their lawful
Judge.Before they were convented only for their difobedience-,but by this
Declinator, they have made themfelves Traytors. The King is certified
of all this ; and being refolved upon the maintenance of his own
Authority, gave order that the Law fliould pafs upon them, accor-
ding to the Statute made in Parliamtnt, .-Jm^e 1584. Hereupon
Forbes^
Lib. XI. nf^t^iftopvoft^tp^z^htumnn. .57
Forks, Welch, Dmcam^ Sharps Davie ^ Straghan, are removed from
Bhcknefs, arraigned at an AHize held in Unlithgoe, found guilty by the
Jury, and condemned to death ^ but all of them returned to their feverai
Prilons till the Kings pleafure fliould be known for their Execution. .
The Mehim, and fome other of the principal Zealots, caufed PraycrS
and Supplications to be made in behalf of the Traytors, though they
had generally refufed to perform that office when the Kings Mother
was upon the point of lofing her life, upon a more unwarrantable Sen-
tence of Condemnation. This brought forth firft a Proclamation,
inhibiting all Miniftcrs to recommend the condemned perfons unco God
in their Pr?yers or Sermons-, and afterwards a Letter to fome Chiefs
amongft them, for waiting on his Majefty at the Court in England,
where they fliouldbe admitted to a publick Conference, and have the
King to be their Judge.
20. Upon this Summons there appear in behalf of the Church the
ArchbiHiops of St. Aiidrews ■:ind. Glafgow, the Bifliops o( Orkney and
GaUoivay, together with iY/Vo//i« the defigned Blilryp of Dunheden ■ and
for the Kirk the two il/c/w^J, Bolt^ CArmjfhAll^ Scot^ B^ilfour,' zndWat-
jo». The place appointed for the Conference v^Z'i Hampton CouH, at
which they all attended on Sepemb. 20. But the Kirk Party carae re-
folved neither to fatisfie the King nor be fatisfied by him, though, he
endeavoured all fit ways for their information. To which end heap-
pointed four Eminent and Learned Prelates to preach before them in
their turns : the firft of which was Dr. Barlow, i\\<:n Biihop oi Roihefter,
who learnedly afserted the Epifcopal Power out of thofe words to the
Elders at Epheftts, recorded J^s 20. v. 28. The fecond was Dr. Bucke-
ridge,xhen Mafter of St. John's College in Oxok, and afterwards prefer-
red to the See of Rechefltr t, who no lefs learnedly evinced the Kings
Supremacy in all concernments of {he Cfiurch ; felesfting for his Text
the words of the fame Apoftle, Rom.i^.'v.iM&xx. followed Dr. Andrem.^
then Bifliop of chichcfier-,\\ho taking for his Text thofe words of Mofes,
Viz. Make the trvoTrufnpets of Jiher,Scc.N/imh. lo.v.z.convincinoly demon-
ftrated out of all Amiquityjthat the calling of all General and National
Councils had appertained unto the Supreme Chriftian Magiftrate. Dr.
iir;«g-,then Dean ofchrifts church brings up the Rear; and takirig for his
Text thofe words of the Canticles, Cap 8. v. 11. difproved the callin<y of
Lay-Elders, as men that had no power in governing the Church of
Chrift, nor were fo much as heard of in the Primitive times. But neither
the Learned Difcourfes of thefe four Prelates, nor the Arguments of
the Scotip) Biiliops, nor the Authority and Elocution of the King, could
gain at all on thefe deaf Adders, who came refolvcd not to hear the
voice of thofe Charmers, charmed they never fo mfely. Thus have we
feen them in their Crimes, and now we are to look upon them in their
feverai punifliments. And firft the Miniftcrs which ha*d been fummon-
ed into England, were there commanded to remain until further. The
fix which were condemned for Treafon, werefentenced by the King to
perpetual banilliment, and never to return to their nativ-e Countrey upon
pain of death. Andjas for thofe which had acknowledged their offence and
fubmitted to mercy, they were confined unto the Iflts aild Out-parts of
the Kingdom,' where they may polfibly work forae good,but could do no _
C c c I harm.
38o ci^e ^tfto?^ -Of tl)E ^je0b^tcr(an!5. Lib.xL
1606.
harm. After which, Andrew Mehin having made a Seditious Libell
aoainft the Altar, and the Furniture thereof, in his Majefty's Chappel,
was brought into the Star-Chamber by an Onunui^ where he behaved
himfelf fo malepertly toward all the Lords, and more particularly to-
wards the Archbiihop of Canterbury^ that he was fentenced to imprifon-
ment in the Tower of London^ and there remained till he was begged
by the Duke of 5o«/i?<»«, and by him made ProfefTor of Divinity in the
School of Sedan.
' 21. During the time that all mens Eyes were faftned on the IfTue of
this oreat difpute, the King thought fit to call a Parliament in Scotland^
which he managed by Sir George Hume^ his right trufty Servant not long
before created Earl of Dunbar^ and made Lord Treafurer of that King-
dom. His chief Work was to fettle the Authority of the King, and
the callino of Bifhops, that they might mutually fuppirt each other iii
the Government of the; Church and State. It was fuppofed, that no
fmall oppofition would be made againft him by romei'//r//4«Minifters,
who repaired in great numbers to the Town, as on their parts it was rq-
folvedon. But he applyed himfelf unto them with fuch Art and Pru-
dence that having taken off their edg, t\\t Ads pafTed eafily enough
with the Lords and Commons, By the firft Adl, the Kings Preroga-
tive was confirmed over all Perfons, and in all Caufes whatfoever;
Which made him much more abfolute in all Affairs which had relation
to the Church, then he had been formerly. And by the next entituled.
An A£i for Reftitution ef the Ejiate of Bijhops j the name of Bijhops was
conferred upon fuch of the Minifters, as by the King were nominated
unto any of the BiQiop-Sees, and thereby authorized to have place in
Parliament : A courfe was alfo taken by it, to repoffefs the Biiliopsof
the Lands of their feveral Churches as well as their Titles and Degree :
not that a Plenary repoffeffion of their Lands was then given unto them?
but that by a Repeal of the late A ft of Annexation, the King was put
into a capacity of reftoring fo much of the Rents as remained in the
Crown and otherwife providing for them out of his Revenues. And
that the like diftradion might not be made of their Eftates for the time
to come an A£t was paffed for reftraining fuch Dilapidations as had
irapoveriflVd all the Bilhopricks fmce the Reformation. After which,
and the dooming of the greater Zealots to their feveral Punifliments,
he indids a general Affembly zt Linlithgowin December (oWovf'mo : at
which convened one hundred thirty fix Minifters, and about thirty
three of the Nobility and principal Gentry. In this Affembly it was
offered in behalf of his Majefty, that all Presbyteries Ihould have their
conftant Moderators •, for whofe encouragement his Majefty would
affi'^n to each of them a yearly ffipend amounting to one hundred
pounds, or two hundred Marks in the 5fo/J account : that the Biihops
ihould be Moderator of all Presbyteries in the Towns and Cicies where
they made their refidence ; as alfo in Provincial and Diocelan Synods :
W that the Billiops (hould affume upon, themfelves the charge of
"profecuting PaPlfis, till they returned to their obedience to the King
and the Church. In the obtaining of which Ads, there was no fmi^ll
difficulty • but he obtained them at the laft, thoug h' not without fome
Umitations~ and reftridions fuper-added to them, under pretence of
keepmg
Lib. XI. ^^e l^ttto?^ of tl^e mt^tmum* ^
keeping the Commiffioners ,( hereafter to be called Bijhops ) within
their bounds.
22. The Preshyteria^s notwkMandingj were not willing tofore-eo
their Power •, but ftrugling like half-dying men betwixt lite and death
laid hold on all advantages which were offered to them, in oppofition to
the Ads before agreed on. Cladftanes Archbilhojfof St. Andrews ta-
king upon him to prefide as Moderator in the Synod of i^//^, beino
within his proper Diocefs and Jurifdiftion, was for a while oppofed by
fomeoftiie Minifters, who would have gone to an Eleftionasatother
times. 1 h; Pre^^byteries alfo in fome places refufed to admit the Bi-
fliops for their Moderators, according to the Ads and Conftitutions
of the faid AfTcmbly. Which thocgh it put the Church into fome
diforder, yet the Billiops carried it at the laft, the ftouteft of theMi-
nifterslubmittingia the end unto that Authority which they were not
able to contend with. In which conjundure the King gives order for a i6oa
Parliament to be held in ^um -^ in which he pafTed fome fevere Laws
againft x.\\Q I'apip^ prohibiting the finding of their Children to be edu-
cated btyond the Seas, and giving order for the choice of Pedagogues
or Tutors to inftrud them there-, as alfo againft Jefuits, and th'e Sav-
ers and H-arers of Mafs. The cognizance of feveral Caufes which
anciently belonged to the BlQiops Courts, had of late times been fettled
inthe Seffions or College of Juftice : But by an Ad of this Parliament
they arc fevered from it, and the Epifcopal Jurifdidion rcftored as for-
merly •, the Lords of the Seflion being in lieu thereof, rewarded with
ten thoufand p unds yearly, (which muft be underftood according to
the ScottifJ} account) out of the Cuftpms of that Kingdom. It WAs
enaded alfo that the King from thenceforth might appoint fuch habit
as to him fecmed beft , t:> Judges, Magiftrates and Churchmen,
Which Ads being part, Patterns were fent from London m^L Oiorc
time after, for the Apparel of the Lords of the Seflion, thejuftice and
other inferior Judges •, for the Advocates, the Lawyers, the Com-
ralfsairs, and all that lived by pradlfe of the Law ; with a command
^i\'en to every one whom rhe Statutes concerned, to provide themfelves
of the Habits prefcribed, within a certain fpace, under the pain of Re-
beliio:). But fir the habit of the Bifhops and other Churchmen it
was thought fit to refpite rhe like appointment of them, till the new
Bifliopsha-i received their Confecration •, to which now we haften.
25. But b/ the way,, we muft take notice of fuch preparations as
were made towards it in the next General Afsembly held at Glaf^om
Anno 1610, and managed by the EarlofD«;;^4r, as the former was .• in
which it was concluded, That the King fhould have the wdiiJion ofallGe-
ntral AlJemblies. jhjt the BiJJwps or their Deputies^ Jhouldk perpetual Mo-
derators of the Diofefan Synods. That no Excommunkatton or Ahfolufion
Jhotila he pronounced rvithout their approbation. That all prefentations of Bene-
fices llmld he made by them ^ and that the deprivation or fufpenfion of Mtnifters
fhouid belong to then*. That every Minifler at his admifjion to a Benefice fhould
take the Oath of Supremacy and Canonical obedience : That theVifitationof
the Diocefs (hall be performed by the Bifhop or his Deputy only. And finally
That the Bij]iop jhoidd be Moderator of all Conventions., for Exercifin^s or
Frephefyings, { call them which you will ) rvhtch fhould beheld mthin their
bounds.
g J C^e "^iHm of t]^c ^?e0l)¥terian0. Lib. xi
hmds. All which concluiions were confirmed by Ad of Parliament
in the year i6iz : in which the Earl of Ditmfermlifig then beiu§^ Lord
Chancellor of that Kingdom face as chief CommifUoncr -, who in the
fameSeflion alfo procured a Repeal of all fuch former Ads (more par-
ticularly of that which pafsed in favour of the Difcipline, 159^') as
were fuppofed to be derogatory to the faid conclufions.In the mean rime
the King being advertifed of all which had been done at C/^j^wi'i calls to
the Court by Ipecial Letters under his Sign Manual, Mr. f^ohnSptfwoed
the defigned Archbifhop of Glafgorv^ Mr. Cawen Hamilton nominated to
the See of Galloway , and Mr. Andrerv Lamb appointed to the Church of
Brechin ■ to the intent that being confecrated Bifhops in due Form and
Order 'they might at their return give confecration to chereftof cKeir
Brethren, They had before been Authorized to vote in Parliament,
commended by the King unto their feveral Sees, made the perpetual
Moderators of Presbyteries and Diocefan Synods : and finally by the
conclufions made at GUfgorv^ they were reftored to all confiderabl- Ads
of their Jurifdidion. The Charader was only wanting to compleac the
Work which could not be imprinted but by confccration according to
the Rules and Canons of the Primitive times.
ak. And that this Charader might be indelebly imprinted on them.
His Majefty ifsues a Commiflion under the Great Seal of England^ to
to the Bifhops of X(?W<?«, £/)>, Wells^ and Rochefter^ whertby they were
required to proceed to the confecration of the faid three Biiliops, accor-
ding to the Rules of the Englijh Ordination ; which vvas by them per-
formed with all due folemnity in the Chapel of the Bifliop of Loridons
Hoafe near the Church of St. Pauls-> o£iob. 2 1 . 1610. But firft a fcruple
had been moved by the Bifliop of £/)f,concerning the capacity of the per-
fons nominated for receiving the Epifcopal Confecration, In regard that
noneof them had formerly been ordained Priefts : which fcruple was re-
moved by Archbifliop £4wro/f,alledging that there was no fuch neceflfity
of receiving the Order of Priefthood, but that Epifcopal Confecrati-
ons might be given without it-, as might have been exeroplifitd in the
cafes of Amhrofc and NeSlmtu of which the firft was made Archbifliop cf
U'llUith and the other Patriarch of Ccn^AntinofU^ without receiving a-
ny intermediate Orders, whether of Prieft, Deacon, or any other (if
there were any other ) at that time in the Church. And on the other
fide the Prelates of ScotUnd alfo had their Doubts and Scruples, fearing
left by receiving Confecration of the Bnglijl) Bifliops, they might be
brought to an acknowledgment of that Supeiiority which had been ex-
ercifed and enjoyed by the Primates of England^ before the firft break-
ins out of the Civil Wars betwixt Tork and Lancajler. Againft which
fear the King fufficiently provided, by excluding the two Arc!ibifliops
of Caffterhury and York (who only could pretend to that Superiority J
outof his-CorrimifSon, which Bamroft very cheerfully condefcended to,
though he had chiefly laid the plot, andbrrought on the work, not
tearin^" who participated in the Honour of it, as long as the Churches
Ofboth Kingdoms might VeCeive the Benefit.
rV'ii5. Thisgreatworkbeing thus paft over, the King ereds a Court
^i'High Commi0on in the Realm of Scotkhd, for ordering all matters
which concerned that Church, and could not fafcly be redreffed in the
Bifliops
Lib. XI. c^e mfkm of m i^m^tuvm^i 3 83
Bifliops Courts. He alfo gave them fome Directions for the bettef
exercife of their Authority, by them to be communicated to the Bi-
Ihops, and fome principal Churchmen whom he appointed to be called
to Edenherough in the following Febrmry -, where they were Generally
well approved. But as all general Rules have fome Exceptions 5 fo
fome Exceptions were found out againft thefe Commiffions, and'the
proceedings thereupon. Not very pleafing to thofe great Perfons who
then fate at the Helm, and looked upon it as a diminution to their own
Authority, and could not brook that any of the Clergy fliould be raifed
to fo great a Power-, much more difpleaiing to the principal fticklers^
in the Caufe of JYf j^;/f;-^, who now beheld the downfallof their glo-
rious Throne, which they had ercAed for themfelves in the Name of
Chrift. One thing perhaps might comfort them in the midft of their
forrows, that is to fay, the death of the raoft Reverend Archbifliop
Bdncroft^ who left this life upon the fecond of November, not livincra-
bove thirteen days after the Scottfh Bifliops had recived Confecration.
For which great blefling to the Church, he had fcarce time to render
his juft acknowledgment to God and the King, when he is called on to
prepare for his Nunc Dimittis. And having feen fo great a work accom-
pliihed for the glory of God, the honourof his Majefty, andthe^ood
of both Kingdoms, befeecheth God to give him leave to depart in peace
that with his eyes he might behold that great Salvation which was or-
dained to be a Light unto the Gentiles, and to be the Glory of his peo-
ple Israel.
%6. ^dwre/zf being dead, fome Bifhops of the Court held a Confulta-
tlon touching the ficteft Perfon to fucceed him in that eminent Dignity:
The great Abilities and moft exemplary Piety of Dr. Lancelot Andrervi
then Bidiop of£/y, pointed him out to be the man, as one fufficiently
able to difcharge a Traft of fuch main importance; and rather looked on
as a PrefermeiK to that See then preferred unto it. Him they commen-
ded to King ^4«:«,whohad him in a high efteem for his Parts and Piety
and fettled all things as they thought in fo good a pofture, that fome
of them retired to their Countrey-houfes, and others flackned their at-
tendance about the Court. Which opportunity being taken by the
Earl o{ Dunbar^ he puts in for Jbbot^ who had attended him in fome of
his Negotiations with the Kirk o£ Scotland. Upon the merits of which
Service, he was prefered firft to the See of Litchfield^ to which he re-
ceived his EpifcopalCofecration on i\\t xhi^do^ December^ 1609- and
within the compafs of the year was removed to London. But Dunbar was
refolvcd to advance him higher. And he put in fo powerfully on his be-
half, that at lift h^ carried it to the great detriment of the Church, as
it after proved. For, as one very well obferveth of him, hefcemedto
be better qualified with merit to attain that Dignity , then with a fpirit anfmr-
able to [0 great a Function. Which made him flack and negligent in the
courfe of his Government, and too indulgent to that Party, which'
Bancrofthad kept under with fuch jafl feverity. But take his Charafter
in the words of the faid Hiftorian, and we fhall find that ht was a man
too facil and yielding ii\ the exercife of that great Office : that by his f at-
traordinary remifnefs in not exa^ing ftri5i conformity to the prefcnbed Orders
0fthe church in point of Ceremony^ hefecmed to refdve thofe Legal determina-
ritns''
jg^ ^fi0o?ronJic>?r?i3itcvta!i0. Lib. xi
tioMs t» their frfi mdifirency : and finally, That he brought \.x\ [u-:h a hdit
of Noncenfermitj^ that the future redudion of thofetendtr Ccnfcicmed men
toAdong^difcontimed obedience.;, was at the laft jnterfreted for an Inno-
VAtion.
17, But to go forwards where we left, ^^wrc/jf being dead, the£»j--
U{h Puritans began to put forth again, not pufliing at the Liturgy and
Epifcopal Government ( as in former times; ) but in purfuanceof the
StibatariAn and Calvinian Rigors .- Which having been advanced in the
year 1595, as it was there declared, and afterward laid afide till a fitter
feafon, were now thought fit to be refumed as the raoft proper Mediums
for inferring the defired conclufion. In both which they received fome
countenance from King ^''"i^^-f him felf^ but more from the connivence
(ifl may not call it, the incouragement ) of a new Archbifhop. In
reference to the firft, the King had publifhed a Proclamation in the firft
year of his Reign, prohibiting fome rude and diforderly Paftimes, (as
namely, Ball, Baitings, Bear-baitings, and common Interludes ) from
being followed on the Stind^^y, becaufe they dreW' away much people
from Gods publick Service. And he had caufed the Morality of the
Lords-day-Sabbath, to be confirmed among the reft of the InfJ) Articles
Amoi6i') of which more anon. WhJchcondefcentions were Co husban-
ded by the P«r;>4»Fa(flion, thatby the raifing of the Sabbath, theyde-
preffed the Feftivals^and with the Feftivals,all thofe ancient and Annual
Fafts which had been kept upon the Eves. And following clofe upon the
Doctrines of >rffri»,?, before remembred, they introduced, by little and
little a general negled of the Weekly Fafts, the holy time of ze»f, and
the Embring-days-, reducing all the Ads of Humiliation, to folemn
and occafional Fafts, as amongft the Scots •, and yet this was not all the
mifchief which enfued on their Sabbath-Doftrines. By which, and
by the temper of the prefent Government, they gave occafion to fome
Preachers, and notafew publick Minifters of Juftice, in their feveral
Countreys to interdid all lawful fporrs upon chat Day. By means
whereof, the people were perfwaded by fome Priefts and Jefuits, efpe-
cially in Lancafhire., and fome others of the Northern Counties, that the
Reformed Religion was incompetible with that Chriftian Liberty
"which God and Nature had indulged to the fons of men. And havin»
brought them to that point, it was no hard matter to perfwade them to
fall off to Popery, as a Religion more agreeable to human Society, and
fuch as would permit them all fuch lawful plea Cures as by the Stoicifm of
the other had been interdided. Which brought the King to a neceflity
of publiftiing his Declaration about lawful fports, dated at Greenwich
onthe 24i/'day of J/4^, Jnnoieio, Which as it put fome Water into
the Wine of the sMatartans •, fo fliewed he, within few years after how
little he affeded the Cdvinian Rigors.
28. In reference to which laft, fome of the Zealots In the Caufe had
took encouragement from his Declaration againft Forfim^ a Divine of
the Netherlands^ in which he had beftowed fome unhandfome Epethetes
upon the Followers of Van Hermme^ in the Belgick Provinces. This
feemed fufficient to expofe all thofe of the fame Perfwaflons, unto fcorn
and hatred •, and on the other fide, to animate all thofe who favoured
Cahinifm^ toad fuch things as drew upon them at the laft the Kings
high
Lib. XI. 'mz^ifiottottmp^mttzxim^, 385
high difpleafure. C<j/w» had publifhed a blafphemous Fancy touchin«»
Chrifts lufFering of Hell- torments in the time of his Paflion, even to the
horrors of defpair. Which beins touched u^on hy Cerhef, one of the
Students ofChriJi churchy in a Pamon Sermon 1615, he was raoft (harp- '
ly reprehended by the Refeiitioner for fo great a faucinefs. T)r. ^ohn
Hoiffoft^ont of the Canons of that Church, who hadmoft worthily dif-
charged the Office of Vice- Chancellor twelve years before, declared
himfelf fomewhat to the prejudice of the yln»otatiofis which were made
on the Genevian Bibles-, and for fo doing is condemned to a Recantatbn
much about that time, though the faid AnnotAtiens had been cenfuredfor
their partiality and feditioufnefs by the Tongue oiK.^ames. And finally,
Dr. William Laud, being thtn Prefident o^St-^ohn's College, had fliewed
himfelf no Friend to Cahimfm in Dodbrine or Difcipline •, and muft be
therefore branded for a Pa^ifi, in a publick Sermon Preached upon Ea-
Jler SuncLiy by Dr. Robert Abbot^ then Vice-Chancellor and Dodor of the
Chair in that Univerfity -. Which paiTages fo clofely following upon
one another, occafioned (asmt^ft conceived) the publilliing of fomedr-
redions by Iiis Majefty in the year next following : In which it was en^
joyned among othtr things, That young Students in Dwinitj (houldhe di-
reSiedto fiudj fucb Books as were mofi agreeable tn Dcifrine and Difcipline to
the Church of Engl^ud -, undbe excited to befiew their time in the Fathers and
Councils^ Schoolmen^ Hi (lories^ and Controverfies t, and not toinjijl tw lorn
upon Compendiums and Abbreviators, making them the grounds of thole Sacred
Studies. Which as it was the firft great blow that was given to Cah'tnifm,
fo was it followed not long after by the Kings Inftrnciions touching Preach-
ing and Preachers. In which it was precifely cautioned amono ft other
things. That no Preacher ofrvhatTitlefoever^undertheDegrteofaBifhop^
or Dean at the leafi, fijould from thenceforth pre fume to preach i-i any popular
-Auditory the points ofPredeflmation^ E/eclion, Reprobation^ or of the Umverfa-
lity, Efficaciry, Refiflibility, or Irrcfiflibtlity of Gods Grace-^but Ihiild rather leave
thofe iheams to behandledby Learned men •, m being fitter for Schools and Uni-
verfities then for fimple Auditories. Which faid Infirudtions bearing date
at Windfor^ on the lOth of Augiifl 16:2, opened the way to thefuppref-
fionofthat heat and fiercenels by which the C4/i/wj?j had been aded
in fome years foregoing.
29. During which Heats and Agitations between the Parties, a
plot was fet un foot to fubvert the Church , in the undoino- of 'the
Clergy^ and there could be noreadier way toundo the Clergy,- then
to, reduce them unto fuch a beggerly competency (for by that name
they love to call it ) as they had brought them to in all the reft of
the Calvinian or Genevian Churches. This the Defign of raaiiv
hands, by whom all pafTages had b«en fcored in Cottons Library;
which either did relate to the point of Tythes,'or the manner of
payment ; Bur the Collections being brought together, and" 'fhe
Work compleated, there appeared no other Name before it, then
that of Selden, then of great Credit in the World for his known
Abilities in the retired Walks of Learning. The Hifiory of Tythes
writ by fuch an Author could not but raife much expeftation a-
mongft fome of the Laity, who for a long time had <^aped after
the Churches Patrimony, and now conceived and ho-ped to fwallow
D d d \r
T
S5 cj^eliifio?^'oni]e^?c^jbttcrtawiS, UkV-
it down without any chewing. The Author highly magnified, the ElOoU ^
held unanfwerablej and all the Clergy koked en but as Pigmies to.thav-
great Goli/ify, whoin his Pieface had ifproaclied them with /fwr/ij^fc and
Z4z.;;>t/^5 upbraided them with having nahlng to keep up their Credit,.
but ^eardytttle, and Hul^it-, and that their fludies reached no further tjien
the Breviary, the Pcjlills-, and the Folyanthea. Provoked w;heitwijh h-
was fo galled by Tihjly, fo gagged by Mountague^ and ftung by Nettles' -^ '
that he never came off in any of his undertakings with more lofs of
Credit. By which he found that fome of the Jgnorant and Lazy Clergy
were of as retired Studies as himfelf^and could not only match, but over- -
match him too in his own Philology. But the chief Governours of the
Church went a fhorter way, and not expeding till the Book was anfwer-
ed by particular men, refolved to feek for reparation of the wrong from .
the Author himfelf, upon an information tobe brought againfthimin
the High Commiflion. Fearing the iffue of thebul]ncfs,and underftand-
in» what difpleafures were conceived againft him by theKiig andBi-
fhops, he made his perfonal appearance in the open Court at Lamheth\' on
the i%th day oi January 1618, where in a full Court he tendred his fub-
miflion and acknowledgment, all of his own hand writing, in thefe fol-.
lowing words:
My Lords, Imofi humbly acknorvledge my Error which I have committed,
: in tublifhing The Hiftory of Tythes •, andeffecially in. that 1 have at all ^
J>y jheTpiKg any Interpretations ef Holy Scriptures, hymedling with Councils,
fAthers, or Canons, or by whaifoever occurrs in it, offered am occafon of Ar-
gument agamji any Right of Maintenance Jure Divino of the Mimfiers ^
- fb^ Cofpel; befeeching your Lordjhips to receive this ingenuous and humble ac-
J.\iiKotvledgn»ent, tecether with the unfeigned Protefiation of my grief , for that
"-i through it I have Jo incurred both His Majeffs and your Lordjhifs Diffleaf»re
-fonceivedagainjlmetnbehalf of the church of Ens^land.
JOHN SELDER
This for the prefent was conceived to be the mofl; likely Remedy for
the preventing of the Mifchief, but left fuch fmart Remembrances in the
mind of the A".^hor, as put him on to ad more vigoroufly for the Pres-
byterians, (of which more hereafter) by whom he feemed to be engage^ .,
in the prefent Service.
-4,30. But it is now high time for us to crofs over St. George's Chanel,
and take a fliort view of the poor and weak Eftate of the Church oi Ire-
l4nd,whetc thefe Defigns were carried on with better Fortune. A Church
which for the moft part had been modelled by the Reformation whicb
was m^dt in England. But lying at a greater diftance^and more cut of
ight^ it was more eafily made a prey to all Invaders •, the Pap,p prevai-
ling on.the one ride,and the Puritans on theother, getting fo much groand;
that the poor Protefants feemed to be crucified in the midft bctweea
^'hem. Some Order had been taken for eftablilhing the £;?^/?/^ Liturgy,
togetl^er with the Bible in the Enghjh Tongue, in all the Churches
of that Kingdom : which not being underftood by the natural /n/ft,i^
■left them as much in Ignorance aiid Superftition, as in the darkeft times
of
Lib. XI. d^i^ifto^poft^e|&ie0bfteriawi5» 387
of the Papal Tyranny. And for the Churches of the Pale, Which, very
well-underftood the EMglipf Language, they fuifered themfelves to hck-
ducedftom the Riles of the Church, and yielded to the prevalency of
thofe zealous Minifters who carried on the Calvinian Projecft with their
uttnoft power. In order whereunto, it was held neceflary to expofe the
Patrimony of the Bifhops and Cathedral Churches, to a publicfc Port-
fale •, that being as much weakned in their Power as they were in E>
ilate, they might be rendred inconfideiable in the eyes of the people.
Hence forwar<i fuch a general devaftation of the Lands of the Church'
that fome Epifcopal Sees were never fince able to maintain a Bifliop*
but have been added to fome others 5 two or three for failing, to make
up fomewhat like a Competency for zn Irijh Prelate. The Bilhoprick
oi Arddgh was thereupon united unto that of KtUmore 5 but the Cathe-
dral of the one, together with the Bifhops Houfe adjoynin^^ to it had
been levelled with the very ground : the other in fome bette^repairi b^it
neither furnifhed with Bell, Font, or Chalice. The like union had' been
alio made between the Bifhopricks of C/o«/frf znd Killmore^ ofery, and
Kilkenny^ Doven and Conncur, fVaterford and Lifmore, Cork and Rode] Sec.
and was projeded by the late Lord Primate, between the See of Ktlfa'.
■f/Ofe,and that of Killallow -.not to defcend any more particulars of the like
Coii)uni5tions.
31. Such alfo were the Fortunes of the Rural Clergy, whofe Chur-
ches in fome places lay unrooted, in others unrepaired and much out of
order. The Tythes annexed, for the moft part, to Religious Houfes ■
felKby the mine of thofe Houfes)to the power of the Crown, aud by the
Kings and Queens of England^ were aliened from the Churchy and by
them became Lay-Fees. The Vicaridges generally fo ill provided that
in the whole Province of 0««4«^ir, moft of the Vicars PenHons came
but to forty (hil lings />?;• anmm^ and in fome places but fixteen only. And
of fuch Vicaridges as appeared to be better endowed, three, four,or five
were many times ingrofled into one mans hands, who neither underftood
the Language, nor performed the Service. In which refp^^A it was no
marvelif the people took up that Religion which came next to hand
fuch as did either ferve moft fitly to continue them in their former Er-
rors, or to fecure them in the quiet enjoyment of thofe Eftates which
they had ravifhed from the Church, and ftillpoflefted by theTitleof
thii firftUfurpers. In which cftate we find the Church oi Ireland at the
death of the Queen, not much improved in cafe it were not mad'e more
miferable. In the time of K. ^ames^ fome Propofitions had been offered
by him in the Conference at Hampton- Courts about fending Preachers in-
to//-^/jW, of which he was but half King, as himfelf complained, their
Bodies being fubjedt unto his Authority, but their Souls and Confcien-
ces to the Pope. But I find nothing done iq purfuance of it, till «fter the
year 1607, where the Earl oiTer-orvnen, Ter-connel^ Sir ^ohn Odaghartie^
and other great Lords of the North, together with their Wives and Fa-
milies, took their flight from Ireland, and left their whole Eftates ro
the Kings difpofing. Hereupon followed the Plantation of M^rr, firft
undertaken by the City of London, who fortified Celraine, and built
London Derrie ^ and purchafed many thoufand Acres of Lands
in the parts adjoyning. But it was carried on more vi«orouf-
Ddd 2 * \y^.
^88 *^M^ ^ift()jf^cf0|0 ^^^0t^ti&i^^, V^rth
\itj/z%more\in{on\imte\f4ithi\V{ byforiifeAriveMUres's^^ of the Scot^^
ThJatloA) who fftGCufedth'tfitifflVes int'6:!tWsl(^&ii!icrcy asthe richecSoih
An'd-thou«»h ih^y; -^'efe fuffidieRtly induftridiK in irtfpioving thek owq
l^ottun^s there, > '^d feta^Preathing it? alt Churches vM. relbe vsr-they
fikedi yet •W^Hst^tr it hi^|)enfeld' for thfe"lMter, ot foi the worf«, «htt
eVfertt'hath'-lb^w^d : Fot;they^Wught\Vitfe thefi^ 'l,it:^fer foch-aftoi'l:
isifkfitmjmy faeh a contefflpt of BiflibpS^ (lich a negk<5lof the-pabi
lic^'Litur'^y^ and other Diviiie Offices of this Churchj' that thdre^i^^^it
ii6thif»<^ left to be found' dtilbngft them 5 Then the GdvernmenC aifl
^&*ttii^of WWHhi^ eftablllhe'd in the Church oi England. ^ -: ;
^^i". Nor did the Dodrifte fpeed much better, if itfj^e^d notAV<^^
|^?'Uj/W*{/5«*feyd^gredhM'^\aken fuch d«p root anvsng^ft them, thit
atihe- laft it wis r^CerVedahd toiintertanCed as the only Dodrine which
Waktdbe defended in the^ChUrCh of/rf/^;?^, Foi- not contented with
tb!^ jirticles of the Church of ^^^/^W, they were refolv^ed to frame a
Cmpffioti ot their own -, the drawing Up Whereof vVas /€'ftri'ed = t6Dn
^4»»fi t//^f^5 therf Provoft of the College of D/^^//>^, arKi afterwards
Ar^chbilhop of v^mrf^/;, atiti Lord Primate of /re/W : By whom tfce
B6c)k was fo contrived, that all the Sabbatarhn and Cak)ima» Ri?c»rs
Were"declared therein to be the Dodlritjes of that Church. For firft the
Articlesof-t4w^f^^r(.jev5ledat the Co/iference zt Hampton Courts muft be
iwfe'rted intt5 this Co^feffion, as the chkf parts of it And fecoadlv.
An" Article muft be made of purpofe to juftifie the Morality of the
fcords-day-Sabbiih, and toreqliire the fpending of it wholly in Re-
ligldUs Exercife^ ^ Befides which deviation^ from the Dodlrine of the
Qhmth6iEnghnd^ moft grievous Tormeh6 immediately in his Soui,
4re there affirmed to be endurtd by Ghrift our Saviour, whichCW-
w»fn2ikeSto'-'be the fame with his defcent into Hell. The Abftirtetti.
bieiftom eatiftg' Fie fh upon certain days dec:lared not tobe ReUgioais
Fsffs-j but to b'j grounded upon Politick Ends and G^nfidcrations.
All Minirtets adjudged to be lawfully called, who are •called unto the
work of the Miiiiftry by thofe that have publick Authority given them
ift «he Church ( but whether they be Bifliops or not, it makes no
jfla'tt^r, fo they be Authorized unto it by their feveral Churches J
The Sacerdotal Power of Abfolution raided Dfc/^r/jfh'f only , antf
Ciinfec^uently 4'^^^ fubverted. No Power afcribed botheChurchin
making Candns, or cenfuring any of thofe who cither carlefly or ma-
licioUOy do infringe the fartie. The Pope made Antkhrift, accor-
dino'bthe like determination of the JF>'f»fi^'//«p»or-/ at Gaffe i\i J>4id-
fhitk. And finally,' fuch a filence cortcerning the Confecration of
Afchbifliops ind Bi{hops ( exprefly juftified and avowed in the En^ijh
Book) as if they were not a diftinft Order from the common Pres-
byters.- All which being W//w^ own private Opinion^i Weredifpe^-
fediti'fcWrall'lates of the AVticles forthe Chuichof7r^//<»;3f- apprii-
Vei of in the Convocation of the year 1615 •, and finally confirmed
by-the'lord Deputy cy^/V^<?/fr In the Name of King^^^^^^^j. " 'i'-'^'•'■"
•~ 3j.^Wfet ittight induce King ^antts'to confirm thefe Articiiei,
"•difi^rlhg in fo' many points from his own Opinion, is nfjt clearly
^tn^vpn : but it is probable, that he might be drawn ^^"k on thefe
■^liS'tons erouhds : For firft He was rhiich governed at that ttoe, m
^4 »^ . all
IK). XI. c^e titlojp of m ^^iCiSbttetJian^. 5%
VI -<?^'M'<^i concernmencSj by Doctor (Semrge Ahht Akhbiihop^of^4«-
urhiirj:, att^d Oottor ^'i;^?^ Memt^gm Bilhop of ^-fir/jTan^iff^^yj'..; • who
having f-oraretly engagtd in mainteB^nce of foineoi* nioftoftfeoft O-
;pi«k»iSj a* -before is laict, iTiight find % no hatd\ ntattet ro'perfvi^ade
rdaerKingto -a like appFebaricn of f hem.- And f^c.oii^ly, tbe kin^
iiad'.fo far* -dtclared himfeif in the XDaufe againft- >;^V/?«^, ^^nd fo
■afiedionateiy had elpoafed the Quatrel. «f the Pjihce of Ofrf«^*. a-
:gainfl: thofc of the Remoupmt Patty iii the B&igicli' ^)\mc\k% that
Jlevtould not. hand foni'dy refafe to c<)nfirnii thofe Dodrine^ itt the
Church of IreUnd which he had countenanced in Holland. Third-
JyjjThe Iri^ Nation at: chat time were moft renacioufly addigted
n^'Ithe .Ewors and Corr.upcions of the Church of Rome, and therc-
fote muft Ix;' bended to the other Extream;, before they could be
Araig^ht and Orthodox in thefe poims of Do^cine. Fourthly
aaiH. hflally,:lt-Avas -ajaufaalipradife- with that JK'jh^, -in the whole
coairie of his ■•Govcrmwent, to balance one Excream by the other-
EffitthttH'andng the Vo-fifis -againft the Puritans, and the PrmtaKs a..
giinit the Vafip-^ that bet \isrixt both ithe true Religion, and f>ro*
^flfofS ofiit, itiight -besJc'dpt ill Mety^- £ut wheth-er I hitri^ht
©r nm^ oertiHti it is, that it .proved a master of Ikd coiifeciiience tO
the; Church of' £/?f'/rf«a' 5 there being -nothing more ordinary a-"
.miongft thafe-of the Pmitaii). Party^ wbfin they werb' preiTed in any
■ofitHie :p^hts aforefaid, th'^n to appeal; anto th-ti Articks of Ireimd
asid the infallible Jadgifient of King ^amesy who cOnfitmed the
lafne. And fo it flood -untill the year 1634, when by the POwet
of the> Lofd Deputy Weid^rth^ and the DeXteriry of Do£tot Jphn
Sr)t»}>Ati tlienLord Bifhop t( Derry^ the fnp Articles were repealed
inua ^'»llViG<sinvo<jation5' ii^ndikoie X>i -Sf^glaKd authorised in-ithb
place thereof.'- •■ , '^ "• - '■ " ■■•■ ---- ■ . - ' ■
54.. J*afs w&i^^next o^&tAto the Ifles'of.^Cfr/f^ am^ euernfey, where
the •Cmewm Diicipline had been- fettled under Qneefi EUzaheth -^
and being fe lettled by that- Queen, was-xonfirtned by Kino James
at his firft coming to this Grown-, though at the fame d«e he
•ead^avoured a fnbverfion of it in the Kirk oi' Sctdand. Bat be-
ing* «o do it by degrees, and fo to pradife the reftoring of the old
Epfcofacy., as not to threaten a deftrudlion to their 'new Preibyie-
Ttes i, It was thought fit to tolerate that Form of Governmetit in
thofe petit -Iflands, which could have fio great influence • upon
©itiieir Kingdom. Upon which ground he fends a Letter to thein
of ithe '^th' ai ^Au^^hP fitft writ in -Fre^^Aj and thus tranflated into
^^j-Z/y^ ^ that is to fay : -jv.!':.- ■ i., '■■ _
-■ - 35. JAMES hy ik-Graceof God, King pf England, Scotland,
I^ ranee, 4.W Ireland ,- C^^i W-^^o aU. th[e whom ihife Prefertts fhaU
■ -■einam^ greeting. Whereas We Our felves ^ and the Lords af Our
■' i •Council , haw heea gi'vm t9 under fiAnd , ihat it pleafed God to pt
■" info the 'lieaH */ the late c^en Our meji dear Sifter^ to permt and
■allorv mtt'the iflcs of laxity and Guernfey farvel of the Dmchy
-i- ibfNormandy , the nfe 'of^tk Government ef the Reformed Churches
■■■-^if the [aid DnUhy^ whereof they have flood fopfed until Onr coming tn
the
39© C^ei^tfioj^'Cf tl!c^?e^tfterta!i^. Lib.xf.
the CrewrJ. For this cattfe We defirtTtg to follow the pious Examfle of
Our faid Sifler in this hehalf, as well for the advancement of the Glarj
{of Almighty Ged, a* for the edification of his church r, do vttU And or-
. dain, That Our faid ifles jhall quietly enjoy their faid Liberty in the
ufe of Ecclefiafiical Difcipline there fjow efiahltjhed. Forbidding a»y $nt
to give them any trouble or impeachment^ fo long as they contain them.
f felves in Our obedience^ and attempt not any thing againfi the Power
and Sacred Word of God, Given at Our Falace at Hampton- Court
,,,;tf^e_ 3ch of Auguft, in the firfl year of Our Reign ^/England, 1^03.
f ,436. This Letter was communicated unto all whom it might con-
cern, in a Synod of both Iflands held in ^erfy Anno 1605. But
long they were not fuffered to enjoy the benefit of this Difpenfati-
oa : For Sir ^ohn Peiton who fucceeded Govcrnour of ^erfey in
the place of Jtaleigh ^ had of himfclf no good affe(aions to that
Plat- form, and pombly might be furnifhed with fome fecret Inftru-
dions for altering it in the Ifland on the firft conveniency. The
ground whereof was laid upon this occafion : The Curate of St,
John's being lately dead, it pleafed the CoUequie of that Ifland, ac-
cording to their former method, to appoint one Brtvin to fucceed
him. Againft this courfe , the Governour , the Kings Attorney,
and other the Officers of the Crown, protelkd publickly, as being
prejudicial to the Rights and Profits of the King. Howbcit the
Cafe was over^ruled, and the CoUoquie for that time carried it.
Hereupon a Bill of Articles was exhibited to the Lords of the
Council, againft the Minifters of that Ifland, by Peiton the Gover-
nour, Marret the Attorney, and the reft % as, viz. That they had w
furped the Patronage of all Benefices in the Jfland : That thereby thej ad-
mitted men to Livings without any Form or Prefentation ^ and by that
means- deprived his Majefly of Vacancies and Firji fruits. 7hat by the
connivance ( to fay no worfe of it ) </ the former Cover nours^ they ex"
ercifed a kind of Arbitrary ^urifdi^ion^ making and dif annulling Laws at
their own mojl uncertain pleafure. In confideration whereof, they
humbly pray His Sacred Majefty to grant them fuch a Difcipline
as might be fitteft to the nature of that Place, and lefs derogatory
to the Royal Prerogative.
57. In the purfuance of this Projed , Sir Robert Gardiner once
Chief Juftice of Ireland -, and James Bufley Dodor of the Laws,
are fent Commiflioners unto that Ifland, though not without the
colour of fome other bufinefs. To thele Commiffioncrs the Mi-
nifters give in their Anfwer, which may be generally reduced to
thefe two heads : Firft, That their appoinmenr of men into the
Miniftry, and the exercife of Jurifdidion, being principal parts of
the Church- Difcipline, had been confirmed unto them by His Sa-
cred Majefty. And fecondly , That the payment of Firft fruits'
and Tenths, had never been exacle<l from them fince they were
freed from their fubordination to the Bifliops of Conjlance, to whom
formerly they had been due. But thefe Anfwers giving bo juft
fatisfadion unto the Council of EngUnd^ and nothing being done
^ifl order to a prefent Settlemtnt, a feul eefoimity both of Con-
fufion
Libi'Xi.r :' ^^^ f ifto?^ of ti^e j&je^b^tctian^. 391
fufion and Diftradion, did fuddenly overgrow the faee of thofe
wretchei Churches. Por in the former times all fuch as took
upon them any publick charge either in Church or Comm©n-
wealth had bound themfelves by Oath to cherifh and maintain
the Difcipline : That Oath is now difclaimed as dangerous and
unwarrantable. Before it was their cuftom to exadt fubfcription
to their Matform , of all fuch as purpofed to receive the Sacra-
ment-but now the Kings Attorney, and others af that Party,
chofe' rather to abftain from the Communion, then to yield Sub-
fcription. N^, even the very Elders , filly Souls , that thought
thtmfelves as facrefanBi as a Roman Trihne, were drawn with
Procefs into the Civil Courts, and there reputed with the vulgar.
Mor was the Cafe much better in the Sacred Confipry -, the Jurates
in their O^// or Town-Hall relieving fuch by their Authority,
whom that (once faramoum) Tribunj^l had condemned or ccnfured.
And ya'thiS was not all the Mifchief which befell them neither:
Thofe of the lower ranck feeing the Minifters begin to ftagger in
their ChiVrS refufed to fet out their Tythcs-, and if the Curates
mean to exad tlieir Dues, the Law is open to all comers, to try
their "Title. Thtir Benefices, which before were accounted as
exempt, and priviledged, are now brought to reckon for Firfl fruits
and Tenths-, and that not according to the Book oi Conftance
(as they" had been formerly) but by the will and pleafure of the
crefent Govern ur. And to make up the total fum.of all misfor-
tuaes one of the Conftables preferrs a Bill againft them in .the
commoa' Cohu, in which they were accufed iaf Hypocrifie in their
Converfation , and Tyranny in the excrcife of their Jurildi^ion :
and finally of holding fome (ecret praftifes againft the Governour,
which confequentially did rcfleft on the King himfelf.
28 In this Cisnfufion they addrels themfelves. to the Earl of
Silshurh then being Lord Trcafarer of £;j^/4;;i, and in great Cre-
die with Kin« ^ames-^ who fecming very much pleafed with their
ADplication,''advifed them to invite their Brethren of the Ifle of
Giicrnfe^ to' joyn with them in a Petitiop to the King, for a re-
drefs of thofe Grievances which Uiey then complained of. A
Counsel wl^ich then feemed rational a;nd of great refpe<ft ^ but in
it ietf-:^ "teater cunning then it feemed in the firft appearance.
For bvthis^ means (as certainly he was a man of fubtile Wit) he
eave the Kin^ more time to compafs his deligns in Scoiknd, be-
loEe hertidtild declare himfelf in the prefent bufincfs-, and by en-
oaaiiig ' thoTe of Gtt'.mjej in the fame defues, intended to fubjed
thlm alfo to the fame conclufion. But this Counfel taking no
effed by reafon of the death of the Counfellor , they fall into an- ^^'5-
other trouble of thdr own creating. The Parifii of St. Peters fall-
ine void by the death of the Minifter, the Governour prefents unto
it one 4aron Me(jcrwg , one that had fpenc his time in Oxm ; and
had feq^ived the Order of Priefthood from the Right Reverend
•Doaor Bridges then Biftiop of that Diocefs, but of himfelf a na-
tive of the iQe of ^erfey. A thing fo infinitely ftomached by thofe
of the Co(lmy? ^^^^ ^^^y ^^"^'^ ^y "^ "^^^"^ y*^^^ ""^° ^^^ ^^'"^^"
i6ii'
j^j Ci^e^tfto?^ of m ^?f&bitctiar.0, , lib. xi
{ion • not fo much in regard of his prefentation by the Power of
the Governour, as becaufe he had taken Orders from the hands of
a Bifhop : For now they thought that Popery began to break in
• upon them, and therefore that it did concern them to oppofe ic
to the very laft. A new complaint is hereupon preferred againft
them to the Lords of the Council ^ in which their Lorpfhips were
informed, that the Inhabitants generally of the Ille were difcon-
tented with the prefent Difcipline and guidance of the Church,
that moft of them would be eafily perfwaded to fubmit to the £yi^-
lijh Government, that many of them did defire ir.
i5i8. 39- This brings both Parties to the Court-, the Governour and
his Adherents to profecute the Suit, and make good their Intelli-
gence 5 the Minifters to anfwer to the complaint, and ftand to the
Pleafure of his Majefty in the final Judgment. And ac the firft^
the Minifters ftood fail together : but as it always happeneth, that
there is no Confederacy fo well joynted, but one Member of ic
may be fevered from the reft, and thereby the whole pradlife over-
thrown : fo was it alfo in this bufinefs. For t! ofe who there fo-
licited fome private bufinefs of the Governours, had kindly wrought
upon the weaknefs and ambition of De U Place^ ( one of the' Mini-
fters appointed to attend the Service ) perfwading him, that if the
Government were altered, and the Dean rtftored, he was infallibly
refolved on to be the man. Being falhioned into this hope, he
fpeedily betrayed the Counfels of his Fellows, and furnifhed their
Opponents at their Interviews with fuch Intelligence as might make
moft for their advarrtage. At laft the Minifters not well agree-
ing in their own demands, and having little to fay in defence of
their proper caufe, wl ereunto their Anfwers were not provided be-
fore hand ; my Lord of Canterbury at the Council Table thus de-
clared unto them the Pleafare of the King and Council, -viz,. That
for the heed'j redrefs of their difoniers, jt tras reputed moft convenient to
efiahlijh amongfi them the Authority and office if the Bean That the
Book of Common Frajer being again fnnted in the French, jhould be re-
eefved into their Churches •, but the Minifiers not tyed to the flriB obfer-
•vance of it in all f articular s. That M..i(<.TVy fhould be adw.tted into his
Senefce^ and that fo they might return to th ir [everal charges. This
faid, they were commanded to depart, and to iignifieto thofe from
whom they came, the full.fcope of His Majefty's Rtfolutioji, and
fo they did. But being fomewhat backward in t)b-ying this De-
cree, the Council intimated to them by Sir Philip de Carteret, chief
A^ent for the Governour and Efiates of the Ifland. That the Mi-
nifters from among themfelves ftiould make choice of three Learn-
ed and Grave Perfons, whofe Names they {hould return unto the
Board, out of which his Majrfty fliould refolve on one to be their
Dean.
4.0. But this propofal little edified amongft the Brethren •, not
' ^^* fo muchoutofany diflike of the alteration with which they feem-
ed all well enough contented 5 but becaufe every one of them
gave himfelf fome hopes of being the man : And being that all of
them could not beekded, they were not willing to dcftroy their
particular
Lib. xit Cl)e f ittoj^ ot tptpit^p^tttyitiS^, ^^3
particular hopes, by the appoinment of another. In che tutsan Eimc,.Mti
DAVidBandinelly an Itdian born, then being Minifter of St. i^/^ryej-, . unjje'r
pretence of other bufinefs of his own, is difpatchedfor^f^^/ds^, .and r.£-
commended by the Governour as the fitteft perfon for that. PUqc and
Dignity, And being well approved of by the Archbifliop ofcmte/hry^
who found him anfwerable in all points to the Governours Ch3i:c'^(flsr,
he was eftabliflied in the Place by- his Majefties Lectejrs, Patents,, bc;?(rr
ing date y^»«(7 1619, and was accordingly inveited in all fuch Rights, as
formerly had been inherent in that Omee, whether it were in poi)siii.pf
Profit, or of Jurifdidion. And for tfie executing of this Office, Tojne
Articles were drawn and ratified by his Sacred Majefty, to be in fOrce-un-
jii a certain Body of Ecclefiaftical Canons fhould be digefted.and con-
firmed : Which Articles he waspleafed to call the Interim^ (a Naipe de-
vifed by Charles the fifth, on the like occafion) as appears byjIijis:A^aJe-
fties Letters, Patents, for confirmation of the Canons, no£,lopg,^fter r^.n
made. And by this Interim it was permitted for the prefent, that the
Minifters Ihould not^be obliged to bid the Holy-days, to ufe the Crofs in
Baptifm, or to wear the Surplice, or-not to give the Sacrament of the
Lords Supper unto any others but fuch as did receive it kneeling; but in
all other things, it little differed from the Book of Canons; which
being firil drawn up by the Dean and Minifters,was afterwards carefully
perufed, corrected, and accommodated for the ufe of that Ifland, bythe
Right Reverend Fathers in God, George Lord Archbifliop o^ Canterhury,
"John Is rd Bifliop of Lincoln^ Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of E;igland-,
and Lancelot Lord Bifhop of Winchefler^ whofe Diocefs or Jurifdidion
did extend over both the lilands. In which refped: it was appointed in
the Letters, Patents, (by which His Majefty confirmed thefe Canons,
Anno 1 62 5,) That the faid Reverend Father in God, the Bifhop of ?f7«- 162^.
chefter^ fliould forthwith by his Commiflion under his Epifcopal Seal, as
Ordinary of the place, give Authority unto the faid Dean to exercife •
Ecclcfiaftical Jurifdidion in the faid' lile, according to the Canons and
Conftitucions thus made and eftablifted. Such were the Means, and fuch
the Councils, by which this Ifland was reduced to a full conformity with
the Church of England.
41. Guernfey had followed in the like, if firft the breach between Kin^-
{7^4«2W and the King of 5p4i«-, and afterwards between Kin^ Charles and
the Crown of/'r4Wf,had not took off the edg of the profecuticn During
whichtimetheMinifters were much heartned in their Inconformity, by
the Pradifes of De la Place, before remembred : Who ftomaching his
difappointment in the lofsof the Deanry, abandoned his Native Coun-
trey, and retired unto Guernfey, where he breathed nothing but difgrace
to the Englijh Liturgy, the Perfon of the new Dean, and the change of
the Government. Againfl the firft fo perversly oppofite,that when forae
Forces were fent over by King Charles for defence of the Island, he
would not fuff r them to have the ufe of the Engltjb Litur<^y in the
Church of St. Peters, being the principal of that Ifland, but upon thefe
conditions; that is to lay, That thty jhoM neithernfe the Liturgy therein, nor
receive the Sacrament. And fecondly. Whereas there rvas a Leffure weekly
every Thurfday, in the faid Church of iY. Peters, when once the Feajl o/C lirifl s
Nativity /<?// ufon that day, he rather chofe to d.fapfoint the Hearers, andpt off
Eee - the
394 C]^el^teo??oftlie|&?c^bttman0, Lib.xi.
the Sermon., then that the leafi honour jhouldrefic^ onthatanciem Fejiival.
AnOppofition far more fuperftitious, then any cbfervation of a day,
though meerly ^cwijh. By his Example others were encouraged to the
like perverfnefs, infomuch that they refuted to baptize any Child or
Children, though weak, and in apparent danger of prefent death, but
fuch as were prefented unto them on the day of Preaching : And when
feme of them were compelled by the Civil Magiftrate to perform their
duty in this kind, a great complaint thereof was made to the Earl of
J)arl>i, being then Govemour of that Ifland, as if the Magiftrate had
intrenched on the Minifters Office, and took upon them the adminiftra-
tion of the bleffed Sacraments. Of thefe particulars, and many others
of that nature, intelligence was given to the late Archbilhop Dr. Laudy
who had proceeded thereupon to a Reformation Anno 1637, if the Di-
ftraftion then arifing in the Realm of Scotland, had not enforced him to
a difcontinuance of that Refolution.
The End of the Eleventh (Book,
593
J B TilV s \ET>IV IVV S
OR THE
OF T H .E
resbyterians
L I B. XII.
Containing
Their TumukuatV'g'mihe ^d^xcV ^ rovinces ; their ^raSii/es and
Injurrefti n ' i'l the Higher Germany j the frujirating oj their
Defign on the Churches of Brai denbourgh j the ^Volfs of
Tranfilv^nia, Hungary , Auftria, and Bohemia, af/d the
^bellimiQfth-. French, from the Tear 1610 to ihe Tear 162'^.
Rom Guernfey we fee fail for Holland^ in which we
left the Minifters divided into two main Factions -
the one being called the Remonfirxnts^ the other ta-
king to themfelves the Name of Contra-Remon-
firants. To put an end to thofe Diforders, a
Conference was appointed between the Parties
held at the Hague^ before the General Aflembly
of Eftates of the Belgick Provinces, Amo 1610.
The Coutroverfie reduced to five Articles only, and the difpute mana-
ged by theabieft men who appeared in the Quarrel on either fide. In
Eee z. which
^g €%t^\iimt ot tli€ p>?e?tttEnati?f, Lib. xii.
which it was conceived, that the Remonjlrants had the better of the day,
and came off with Vidory. But what x.\\q Contra. Rcmenfirants wanted
in the ftrength of Argument, they made good by Power : Fcr, being far
the greater number, and countenanced by t!ie Prince of Orange as their
principal Pairon, thty profecuted their Opponents in their feveral Con-
liftories, by Sufpenfions, Excommunications, and Deprivations, the
hieheft Cenfures of the Church. This forced the ifc/wi(/;y/;-.i;;f Party to
put themfelves onder the protedion oi^ehn older} Bamtvelt^ an Hoiiaj)der
by birth, and one of the moft powerful men of all that Nation -, who
fearing that the Prince of Orange had fome fecrct purpolc to make him-
felf abfolute Lord of thofc Eltates, received them very cheerfully inro
his protedion, not without hope of railing a ftrong Party by them to op-
pofe the Prince. This draws K. ^ames into the Qaarrel ; who being dif-
pleafed with the Election of Conradi*s Vorjitm to a Divinity- Readers
Place in the Schools of Xf/Vf;?, and not fo readily gratified by the Elbtes
in the choice of another^ publiihed a Declaration againft this r^^r/Z/W,
and therein falls exceeding ionin'^oxij^amcs Fan //j/7»/«(r, and all chac
followed his Opinions in the Prefcnt Controverlies. Which notwith-
i^i?' ii&n'M^g'Barnevelt gains an Edid from the States of HolLwd^ Anno 1613,
by which a mutual ToUeration was indulged to either Party, more to
the benefit of the Remonfirants^ then the contentmtnc of the others. An
Edift highly magnified by the Learned Crotms^ in his Fietoi Ordinum^
&c. Againft which fome Anfwers were returned by £eg-aw4», 5;^r4»-
dtuj and fome others, not without fomerefltiftions onthe Magiftrates
for their adlings in it.
z. This made the breach much wider then it was before-,King ^ames
appearing openly in favour of the Vnnctoi Orange^ the ^/'rfw'jr^ fecretly
fomentin<» the Defigns of Barnevelt^ as it was afterwards iuggefted,with
what truth I know not. Butfureitis, that as K. James had formerly
afperfed the Remonfira/it Party in his Declaration againft For (litis ^tioxQ
remembred-, fo he continued a meft bitter Enemy unto th;m,till he had
brought them at the laft to an extermination. But what induced hitn
thereunto hath been made a quelfion. Some think that he was drawn
unto it by the powerful perfwafions ofArchbiihop Abbot, and Bifliop
Motmtague^ who then much governed his Councils in all Church-con-
cernments. Others impute it to his Education in the Church o^ Scotland^
where all the Heterodoxies of CW-iw were received as Gofpel ^ which
mioht incline him themoreflrongly to thofc opinions which he hadfuck-
.ed in as it were with his Nurfe's Milk. Some fay that he was carried in,
thisbufinefs, not fo much by the clear light of his own underflanding^as
by a tranfport of affedion to the Prince of Ora,vge, to whom he had a
dear regard, and a fecret fympathy. Others more rationally afcribe it
unto Reafon of State, fcr the preventing of a dangerous and uncurable
Rupture,which otherwife was like to follow in tlie State of the Nether-
lands. He had then a great Stock going amongftchem, in regard of the
two Towns of RrtU ^ndFlufhrng, together with the Fort oi' Ramekins^
which had been put into the hands of Queen Elizabeth for great Turns
of money. In which regard the Governour of the Tovinoi Flujhing,
and the Embaffador Refident for the Crown of England, were
to have place in all publick Councils which concerned rhofe
Provincesj
.ib.xii. €;i^fiaoj^oit]^e|^je0j3^temn?(. '""^ 3^7
Provinces; on whole Tranquillity and Power he placed a great part of
;he peace and happinefs of his own Dominions. He knew that Con-
';ord was che llrongefl Ligament of their Confederation 5 and looked
on the RenwTJlrants as the breakers of that Bond of Unityjwhich former-
ly had held tlicm fo clofe together.
3. Upon this reafon he exhorts them in his faid Declaration, To ■
titkc hted of fuh infected ferfons •, their own C^untrey men being already divi-
dtd into Factions uf on this cccafien -^ which wm a matter fo oppojite to UaitVy
{the only frop anaftfety rf their State, next under God) asmtiji of neceffity
hy little Afjdlittli bring them to utter rtiine^ tf wifely andm time they did not
prcvds agii'njl it. And on the fame reafon he concurred in Counfel and
Dtlign with the Prince o[ Orange, for the fupprefling of that Party which
he conctived 10 be fo dangerous to the common Peace ^ and lendin*
fuch of his Divines to the Synod of Dort., as were moft like to be fuffi-
ciently adlve in their condemnation. For fo it happened, that the Prince
o^ Orange bving animated by fo great a Monarch, fuddenly puts himfelf
ii.to the hf^ad of his Forces, marches from oneftrong Town to another,
changrth the Garrifons in Lome, the chief Commanders in thereft, and
many of the principal Magiftrates in moft Towns oi' Ho/I.tijd, Utrecht, and
thertft ofthofe Provinces. Which done, he feizcth on rheperfon of
Sarntvelt., as alfo on Grottui^ and Lidebrogius •, and then proclaims a Na-
tional Synod to be held at Dorf in iVox/ew^f/- following, to which x.\\tCd- 161%.
vin/fs were invited from all parts of Chriftendom. And yet not think-
ingthemfelves ftrong enough to fupprefs their Adverfaries, they firfl
dillib'.ed fome of them by Hcclefiaftical Cenfares from beintrchofen
Membersofit5 otheis who had been lawfully chofen, were not permit-
ted to give futfrage with the reft of the Synodifts, unlefs they would
renounce their Parcy.And finally,thfy took fuch order with the reft, that
they would notfulf'.rthem to fit as Judges in the prefent Controverfies,
but only to appear before thtm as Parties Criminal. All which beinc»
condefccndcd to, though againft all reafon,they were reftrained to fuch a
method in thLi-,-dirputation,as carried with it a betraying of their Caufe
&intercft-,and for nut yielding hereunto they were dilmift byi^pfrf;-^./;*
in a moftbitter oration, utttred with fiery eyes, & moft virulent lanc^uage.
4 It might be rationally conceived, that they who did confpire with
fuel] unanimity to condemn their oppofites, fliould nor fall out amonf^ft
thtmielvts: butfo it was, that there was fcarce a point in difference be-
twceii the Parties, wherein they had not very frequent and moft fearful
bick rings v^rith one another-,the Provincials many times enterferin<^ with
the Fjrein Divines, and fometimes falling foul on thofe of diS"erent
Judgment, though of the fame Univerfity with them. The BritiJhDi- -
vines,together with one of thofe that came from Breme, maintained an
Univcrf;ility of Redemption of Mankind by the death of Chrift. But this
by no means would be granted by the reft of the Synod,for fear of yield-
ing any thing in the leaft degree to the oppofite Party. Mdrtinitts, another
of the Divines oiBrme, declared his diflent from the common Opinion,
touching the manner of Chrift's being Ftmdamentam Ele£iionis : and that
he thought Chrift not only to be the Effedorof our Eledion, but alfo
the Author and Procurer of it. But hereupon C('/w«ir»/ flin"s down his
Glovcj and op.nly defies MArtin'm to a Dud, telling the^Synod than
he
3p8 Ctie f iCtojt cC U3e ^?c&t|tcrtati^, Lib.xii.
he knew M4m»/«i was able to fay nothing at all in refutation of that
Doftrine. The faid 3f4n/w«# had affirmed, that Go! was Cauf a fl>yjk a
Cenverjiom; and for the truth thereof, appealed unto Cocleni:i'S a renow-
ned Philofopher, who was then prefent in ths Synod, and confirmtd the
fame. But prefently ^/i-rW^^ Lubhrtu-s takes fire at this, and fails ex-
prefly upon both. And though the controverfie for the prefent was ftiK
led by Bogermm !, yet was it revived by Gomariu within few days after.;
who being backed by fome of the Tdatme Divines, behaved himfelf io
rudely and uncivilly againft Martinim^ that he had almoft driven liim to
a refolution of forfaking their company. ^
.5, The General Body of the Synod not being able to avoid the la-
conveniences which the 5«/'r/i-/<t/'/<rr/^r;j way brought with it, wer:i:e-
nerally intent on the 5«^/*jp/jnd;?. Butontlie other fide the Commildi.
oners of the Churches of South Holland \\\o\x^\\.\X. not ntctffary to de-
termine whether God confidered man fallen, or not fallen, vf hile be paf-
fed the decrees of Eleiftion and Reprobation. But far more pofltive was
GomAYn,!^ one of the Four Profeffors oS. Lcjchn, who fiood as (hongly to
the Abfolute, Irrcfpcdive, and Irreverfible Decree, (exclufiveof mans
fin, and our Saviours fufferings) as he could have done for the Holy Tri-
nity. And not being able to draw the refl unto his Opinion, nor willing
to conform to theirs, he delivered his own Judgment ia writing apart by
it felf, not joyning in fubfcriptio:i with the reft of the Brethren,for Con-
formity fake, as is accuftomed in fuch cafes But A/rfrrow/:)-, one of tiie
VtoitKorso^ Franekar in Wcjl-Friejlaaii, went beyond them all, conten-
ding with great heat and violence againft all the refl. That Ced pro-
founds his Word to Reprobates to no other purpofe, but to leave them rvholly inex-
cusable. That if the Gospel is confidered m refpc^ ef Gods intentiO)) , the proper
end thereof ■> and not the accidental in regard of Reprobates^ is to deprive theryt to-
tally of all excufe. Ar.d fnall% That Chrift knows all the hearts of men -^ and
therefore only knockeih at the hearts of Reprobate i-, not with a mind of entering
, in ( hecaufc he kn^rvs they cannot (pen to him if they would-,) but partly, that he
might upbraid them for the,r impotency •, and partly that he might encreafe their
damnation by it. Nor rcfled the Blafphemer here, but publickly main-
tained againft Sibrandus Lubbertm his CoUegue (in theoptn Synod ^
That God mils Sin : That he ordains Sin as it is Sin. And, That by no means
hervould have allmen iobefived. And more then lb, he publickly de-
clared at all adventures, fhat ifthcfe points were not maintained-, they fmuji
forfake the chief Dolors of the Reformation. Which whethicr it were more
unleafonably, or more truly fpoken, 'I regard not now. In the agita-
tion of which Points, thty fuffered themfelves to be tranfported into
fuch. extremities 5 tliat greater noife and tumult hath been fcldom
heard of in a fober Meeting. Infomuch that when the Lilliop of
Landaff, to ovoid the fcandal, put them in mind of Moderation,
and to endeavour to retain the Spirit of Unity in the Bond cf Peace-.,
Gomarui fnapt him up, and told him , That matters were not to be
nTS's!^ carred in Sy nodical Meetings, by the Authority cf the Pcrfn, but the
nodaA^iihnri' flfcfjfrth of the Argument. For further proof cf which particulars,
S/'^ ^'' if f"0^^ F'^oof ^"^ ncccffary, Ifhall refer the Englifi) Reader to two
Books only 5 that is to fay, the Golden Remains of Mr. Hales ; and
iht Arcana Anti-Remenjlrantfum:) hy Tiler, w junior.
6. From
Lib. XII. C]^eipiftoirof£l)e^je?j|)ften#n0o ^j,^
6. From Gonfultation and Debit.^, let Qs proceed in the nejic place
to Execution, which we find full of Cruelty and accarfed Rigour. The
Ads hereof firft ratified in the blood of Bamevelt, for whole difpacch.
they violated all the FunJamairal Lawsof the^c/^/^ri- Liberty;in main-
tenance whereof, they firft prt tended to take Arms againft the Sfaniard^
their raoft Rightful Prince. The Party bJng thus b.-headed, it was i15
hard matter to difperfe the whole Trunk or Body .• For prefeurly upon
the ending of the Synod, the Remenfirants are required to fubicribe fo
their own condemnat, on ^ and for rcfuling fo to do, they were all ba-
niflied by a Decree of the States-General^with their Wives and Children
( to the numb.r of of feven hundcreo Families or thereabonts) and for-
ced to beg thtir bread, even in dcfolate places. But yet this was no end
of their forrows neither-, they muft come under a ncwCro/r, and be
calumniated for holciiig many horrid Blafphemies and grofs Impieties
which they m ft abhorred. For in the continuation of the Hiftory of
the Netherlands writ by one Crofs a Fellow of neither Judgment nor Lear-
ning, and fo moreapt cobeabuled with a fa! fe report-, itis thereaffir-
m-d,(whcther with i^rcarer Ignorance, or Malice, it is hard to fay; That
there was a Sjjod called at Dorc/<; fupprefs the Arminian^ ^d^ that the [aid hx-
miniaii> held rmongfi other Herejies^ fi)ji.;Thiit God rvoi the Autlor of Sin-^ SC'
CO dly^ That he created the far greater part of Mankind^ for no oth. r purpafe hut
only iof/idcaitfe to dam them. And to fay truth, it had been well for them in
refpctt of their Temporal Fortunes, had they taught thofe Herefies,for
then they might havefpedno worfe then Macorviui did, who notwith-
ftandingall his H te odoxies, and moft horrid Blafphemies, was only
looked upon as oue of their Err'n.g Brethren-^ fubjeifled to no other Cen-
fure, butan Adna niti. n to fjr -ear all fuch Forms of Speech as mi^ht
give any ju ft offence fi??f/^^r jErfrj, and could not ht digefled By perfons
ignorant and uncaf able offo great Myferies. As on the otht r fide it is xizyot-
ted of FrancifcKs Auratus^ a right Learnei man, and one of the Profef-
fors for Divinity in the Schools <SScda^ (a Town and Seignury be- -
longing to the Dxiktso^Eoulton) That he was moft difgracefully deprived ,
<fhis Place and Function^ by thofe of the Cal vinian Party ^ becaufe he had de-
livered tn a Sermon on thofe 'rverds of St. James, £•. \. v. r?. God
tempteth no man, &c. That Cod wm not the Author of Sin.
7. But poftibly it may be faid. That thefe Oppreffions Tyran- 1619.
nies, and Partialities, are n t to be afcribed to the Seft o^ Calvin ^
in the capacity of Presbyterians^ but of Predefttnarians 1, and there-
fore we will now fee what they aded in behalf of Presbytery.,
which was as dear tT all the Mt^mbers of that Synod, but the En/r-
lifb only, as any of the five Points, whatfocver it was : For tn
the hundered forty fifth Sefllon, being held on the 20th of April^
the Belgick Ccnfeflfion was brought in to be fubfcribed by the ''"^'"''«*'
Provincials, and publickly approved by the Forein Divines : In 7^,nly^rbi
which Confefllon there occurred one Article which tended plainly """W, f"?'-
to the derogation and diftionour of the Church of England. For in the ,t,? fl ^'"^'
Thirty one Article it is faid exprefly. That forafmuch as doth concernihi'ttm^t^mh,'.
Miniftersefthe Chirchofchrift., in what place foever, they are of equal* Toiver '""!• ^°^^^-
and Auho-ity with one another :> as being all of them the Mmifters ^y^^'2-^"-3'-
^efus Chriji^ who is only the Univerfal Bijh^^ and file Head of his
church.
40g' Ctje^iftofi Of ttc^?(^tycttan0« Lib.xii-
~ church. Which Article being as aoreeabi.e to Calvirfs Judgment in point
ofDircipiin^j as their daerminaiions wcrt to his Opinion in point of
Dd(5lrine-,w'as very cheer FiiUy entertained "by tht Forein Divines,though
found inJivv.of the CoaftfTions of the Fcrein Churches. But being
found dire(^ly oppofite tothe government of the Church by Archbifhops
and Biftiops,, ^vith which" a parity of Miniilers can have no confiftence,
was cordially oppofed by tJhe.Divines-of the Bntijh College, but moft e-
fpeciallyby Dj. Ceorge cUrton then Lord Biflic p cf Landaff^ and after-
wards tranflated to the Sep o( chxhejlcr^ who having too much debafed
himfelf beneath his calling, in being prefent in a Synod or Synodical
Meeting, in which an ordinary Presbyter was to take the Chair, and
have precedency before him, thought jc high time to vindicate himfelf,
and the Church oiEr/gLnd-^ to enter a Legal Protcftation againft thofe
v, proceedings. Which though it was admitted, and perhaps recorded,
received no other Anfwer but negled> if not fcorn withall. Con-
cerning which, he publifhed a Declaration after his return in thefe
words enfuing.
■'■^.",8* when we were to fieldoitrconfent to the Belgick Confejfton at Dorf,
i macie ofen frotefiationm the Sjnoi. That whereas tn the Conftjjion there
was mferted a jirange conceit of the F^irity vf Minijlers to beinfiutedb^
Chriji; I declared our difent utterly m that pomt. I [herved, that hjChrifia
Parity was never mftitmedin the Church : that he ordained Twelve Afojiks-^
as aljo Seventy Dtjciples : that the Autheriiy of the Tnelve was above the o-
ther : that the Church preferved this order left by our Saviour. And therefore,
when the extraerdina>y Power of the Jfojtks ce.fed-^ yet this ordinary Autho-
rity continued in Bifhops^ who jucceeded them., who were by the Apeflles left in
the Government of the church-, to ordain Mtraficrs., and to fee that they who
were fo ordainedtfhould preach no other Boffrine : that in an inferior de-
gree^ the Miniflers were governed by Biflyps-, who fncc ceded the Seventy Di-
fctplies : that this Order hath been maintained in the church from the times of
the Apoflks % and herein I appealed to the judgment of Antiquity , and to the
judgment of any Learned man now livi/:g-^ and crazed herein to befatisfied^
if any man of Learning cculd fpeak to the contrary. My Lord of SdMxs^hnxy is
my fVitncfs-, andfo are all the refi if my company . who fpeak alfo in the Caufe.
To this there was no anfwer made by any-., whereupon we conceived that they
yielded to the truth of the Proteflation. But it was only he and his Aflbci-
ates which conceived fo of it : and fo let it go.
$. His Lordfliip adds, that in a Conference which he had with
fome Divines of that Synod, he told them, Twat the caufe cf all their
troubles^ was because they had no Bijhops amorgfl them, who by their
Authority might reprefs turbulent fpirits, that broached Novelty, every
man having liberty to fpeak or write what they i,fi • and that as long
as there were no Ecclefiaflical men in Authority to reprefs and cenfure
fuch contentious Spirits , their Church could never be without tr cubic.
To which they anfwered, That they did much honour and reve-
rence the good Order and Difcipline of the Church of England,
and with all their hearts would be glad to have it eftablifhed a-
-'■' 'mongft them-, buc that could not be hoped for in their State:
-^ that
Lib. XII. mt ^mtii of ti^t p^mvtttism^, > ^ ^^ i
that their hope was, Tliat feeing they could hoc do what they "c!e/ire£f
God would be merciful to them, if they did what they could. Thfs
was, faith he, the fum and fubftance of their Anfwer, which he conceY-
vtd to be enough to free that people from aiming zt an Jmrchy, and o- -
pen confuifion J adding withal, that they groaned under the wei<^ht of'
that burden, and would beeafedof it if they CQuld. But byhisLord-
fliipsleave, I take this to be nothing but a piece of difiimulacion of
fuch a fandlified Hypocrifie asfome of the Cah'imans do affirm to be
in Almighty God : For certainly they might have Bifhops if they
would, as well as the Popifh Cantons of the Stvitzers, or the State of
^emcc 5 of which, the one is fub/edl to an Jrijlocracy^ the other to a
Government no lefs popular then that of the Netherlands. In which
refpedt it was c.mceived more lawful, by the late Lord Primate, for any
EngUP) Proteftant to communicate with the Reformed Churches in
France^ who cannot have Bifhops if they would ^ then with the Dutch
who will not have Bidiops though they may •-, there ftill remaining in
theii- hands 7 Epifcopal Sees, with all the Honours and Revenues belon-
ging to them*, that is to fay, the Bifhoprick of Harlem in Holland^ of
Middkbourgh in Zealand^ o{ Lewarden in Ftiefland, of Groining in the Pro-
vince fo called, of Deventcr in the County of Ovcryffell, and of Riiremond
in the Dutchy oiGiteldrefs ^ all of them, but the latl, fubordinate to the
Church of Utre^, which they kept alfo in their Power.
lO. Somewhat was alfo done in the prefent Synod, in order to the bet-
ter keeping of the Lords day, then it had been formerly : For till this
time they had their Faires and Markets upon this day, their Kirk-nfa(jek
as they commonly called them : Which, as they conftantly kept in moft
of the great Towns of HolUnd^ Zealand, &c. even in Don it felf •, fo by
the conflant keeping of them, they muft needs draw away much people
from the Morning Service, to attend the bufinefs of their Trades. And
in the Afternoon ( as before was noted ) all Divine Offices were inter-
di(5ted by a coufVitution, which received life here. Anno 1 5'74, that tirhe
being wholly left to be difpofed of as the people pleafed, either upon
their profit, or their recreation. But their acquaintance with tht Eng-
lijh, brought them to more fenfe of Piety. And now they took the op-
portunity to triiin the people to the Church in the Afternoon^ by the
Authority and Reputation of the prefent Synod .'For, having entertain-
ed the Palatine Catechifm in their publick Schools, it was refolved that it
fhould be taught in all their Churches on Sunday in the Afternoon: That
the Miniflers fliould be bound to read and expound that CatectiiTm,
though none were prefent at the Exercifes, but thofe of their own Fami-
lies, only in hope that others might be drawn after their example •, and
that the Civil Magiftrare fhould be employed by theSynod to reftrain all
Servile Works, and other Prophanations of that day, wherewith the
Afternoons had commonly been fpenc , that fo the people mi^^hc
repair to the Catechifings. And though fome Reformation did
enfue upon it in the greater Towns; yet in their lefler Villages(where men
are more intent on their world'y bufinefles) it remains as formerly.
1 1 .As little of the Sabbatarian, had the Palatine Churches,which in all
points a;lhered tenacioufly unto Cahins DoftrinejFor in thofe Churches
it was ordinary for the Gentlemen to betake themfelves in the After-
F f f noon
/
4o» Ci^e l^tftojt of ti^ t&?e^tttcrfansi. Lib.xii.
noon of the Lords day, unto Hawkwg and Huntings as the feafon of the
year was fit for either 5 or otherwife in taking the Air, vifiting their
Friends, or whatfoeverelfe fliall feem plcafing unto thtm. As ufual
it was alfo with the Husband- man, to fpend the greateft part of the Af-
ternoon in looking over his Grounds, ordering his Cattel, and following
of fuch Recreations as are raoft agreeable to his Nature and Education:
no publick Divine Offices being prefcribed for any part of that day, but
the Morning only. And fo it flood in the year 1512 : At what time
g the Lady Elizabeth, Daughter to King ^amcs., and Wife to Frederick the
' **' fifth, Prince Eledor ot Fdatine, came firft into that Countrey 5 who
having Divine Service every Afternoon in her Chapel, or Clofet,oi^j-
ciated by htrown Chaplains, according to the Liturgy of the Church
of EngUnd, gave the firft hint unto that Prince to caufe the like Religi
ous Offices to be celibrated in his part of the Family 5 afterwards by de-
grees in all the Churches of HelderMctirgh ; and finally, in moft other Ci-
ties and Towns of his Dominions. Had he adventured no further on
the confidence of that Power and Greatnefs which accrued to Iiim by
contra(5ting an Alliance with fo great a Monarch, it had been happy fo r
himfelf and the Peace of Chriflendom. Bnt being tempted by ^a/Z/ef/zj-,
and fome other of the Divines about him, not to negled: the opportuni-
ty of advancing the Gofpel, and making himfelf the principal Patroti
ofiCj he fell on fome Defigns deftrudive to himfelf and his. Who^.
though he were a Princeof a Flegmatick nature, and of fmall Adivityj
yet being preft by the continual follicitation of fome eager Spirits, he
drew all the Provinces and Princes which profeft the Cdhinim Dodrines,
to enter into a ftrid Leagoe or Union amongft themfelves, under pre-'
tence of looking to the Peace and Happinefs of the true Religion.
12. It much advantaged the defign, that tlie Calvuaidns in all parts
o[ Germany had began to ftir, as raen rel'olved to keep the Saddle, or to
lofe the Horfe. In Aix (the Latins call it Aquifgramim) an Imperial Ci-
ty,they firft appeared confiderable for their Power and Numbers, Jnnch
1605, at what time they ilirewdly fliaked the Eftate thereof. But being
thereupon debarred the exercife of their Religion, and pumihed for the
Mifdemeanor, they kept themfelves quiet till the year 1614 ; when in a
popular Tumult they furprifc the City, fecure the principal Magiflrates
of it, and ejed the Jefuits. And though by the Mediation of the French
Agents, andthofeof ^ulters^ a Peace was for the prefent clapf up be-
tween them; yet neither Party was refulved to ftand longer to to it, then
might ferve their turns. But whofoever made the reckoning, the Cdvi-
nifis were at laft compelled to pay the (hot : For the Town being profcri-
bed by Mauhias^^^ Emperor, and the execution of the Bm committed
to Arch Duke Alhert ; he fends the Marquefs oi Spj^mU with an Army
thither, by whom the Town is brought to a furrencier,the ancient Magi-
ftratesreflored, and the Calviftians either forced to forfake the place, or.
tofubmit themfelves unto Fine and Ranfome, if they kept their dwel-
lings. Nor did they fpeed much better in the City of Cc/o;^ where their
Party was not ftrohg enough to fupprefs the Catholicks • nhd therefore
they forfook the City,and retired to Mu/leme, which they began to build'
and fortifiefor their habitation. But thofe ofColen fearing that this new
Town might in iliort time overtop that City both in wealth and power,
addreflr
Lib. XII. cije f tfiojr of t^e i^iie^b^ten'anis;. ^03
dreft themfelvcsunto the Emperor Matthias : By whofe Command the
Duke o{ NewboHrgh falls upon it, deftroysthe greateft part thereof, and
leaves the finifliing of that Work to the Marqucfs oiSpinoU.
13. In //rf/}/<»theit Affairs fucceeded with more profpercus Fortune
where lodomck, ofthefecond H'^ufe of the Lantgravts^ who had the
City of Marperge for his Seat and Rcfidencej declared himfelf in favour
of their Forms and Doiflrines, at fuch time as the Calvintfts o£ Aix (be-
fore remembred) firft began to ftir, followed therein by Ceofge his Bro-
ther, commonly called the Lmgravc of Darmfiad^ from the place of
his dwelling 5 half of which Town belonging to the Patrimony of the
Prince Eledlor, had eafily made way for Cahimfm into all the reft*
And though this itJ-al^ir.r^ wasdifturbed in his G:»vernment or PofTcf-
fion by hisCoufin iv/<««wf, commonly called xhz Lantgrave oi Cafsels
from his principal City •, who feized upon the Town oi MarPiraey ^An.
i6ii ; yet was he (hortly after reftored to his whole eftate, by the Pa'~
Utinc League, which for the time carried a great fway in thofe parts
of Germany. But of greater confequence were the agitations about
Ckve and Gulick^ occjfioned by a difference between the Marquefs of
Brandsnhoiirgh^ and the Duke of Nervbourgh^ about the parta<^e of the Pa-
trimony and eftate, of the Duke of CAi/f : Vot ^ohn William, the l^ft
Dukeof Ckvc^ deceafing without Iffue in the year i^io, kfthis B-
ftatesbetween the Children of his Sifters 5 of which the eldeft, called
Mtiria Leonora^ was married to ^oh» Sigifmund, the Eledlor of Branden-
heurgh, was Mother of GcsrgeWiU.am, the young Mafquefs of Branden-
hourghy who in her Right pretended to the whole Eftate. The like pre-
tence was made by Wolfgmgui Guilklmm^ Duke oi Ntkhourgh^ defcended
from the Eledoral Family of the Princes Fdatine, wljofe Mother J»/4f-
dalcn wasthefecond Sifter of thefaid ^ohnWiUiam, The fifft of thefe
Pretenders was wholly of a Z#A^fr4«Scock, and the other as inclinable
to the Secftof Cdvln ^ though afterwardsj for the better carrying on of
their Affairs, they foribok their Parties.
14. Forfo it happened, that the \i\sk<Q,{ Navhourgh finding himfelf
too weak for the Ho ufe of ^r/t«^f;9^<?;;<rg-/^, put himfelf under the prote-
dlionof the Catholick King ^ who having concluded a Truce of Twelve
years with the States United, wanted employment for his Army* and
that he he might engage that King with the greater confidence, he re-
conciles himfelf to tie Church of Rome, and marries the Lady JI/W4-
/fy?, Daughter to the Duke of 541/4^/4, the mod potent of the German
Princes of that Religion: which alto he eftabliflied in his own Domi-
nions on the death of his Father, This puts the young Marquefs to
new Counfels, who thereupon calls in the Forces of r^t States United -
the War conanuing upon this occafion betwixt them and Spain, though
the Scene was ihifted. And that they might more cordially efpoufe his
Quarrel, he took to Wife the Sifter oi Frederick the Fifth,, Prince E-
led or Palatine, and Nceceof William ofNafsatv, Prince o( Orange, by his
youngeft Daughter-, and confequcntly Coufin German, once removed
to Count Maurice of Nafsatv, Commander General of the Forces of th?
States United, both hy Sea. and Land. This kept the Balance even be-
tween them i the one poffeffino the Eftates of cleve and Mark and thp
Fffa ' other
40 4 'STl^e ^iUon ct ^^ ^mtttt'tian^* Lib.xii.
other, the ^rcateft part of Ser^e and Gtdick, Bucfoicwas, that the
•old Marquefs of Brandenbourgh having fettled his abode in^the Dukedom
oi Prufsia-, and left the management of the MarqueiTate to the Prince
his Son 5 left him withal unto the Plots and PraiSifesofa fubtik Lady :
Who biing throughly inftrudcd in all points of Calvmifme, and ha-
ving gotten a great Empire in her Husbands Affedtions, prevailed fo
far upon him in the firft year of their Marriage-, Jnjio 1^/4, that
he renounced his own Religion, and declared for Hers 5 which he
more chetrfuUy embraced, in hope to arm all the Cdvmans both of
the Higher and Lower Gerntrnj^ in defence of his Caufe, as his
Competitor of Newhourgh had armed the Catholicks to preferve his in-
'itereft.
15. Being thus refolved, he publiilieth an Edid in the Moneth of
February, JnnoiOi') •, publifhed in his Fathers Name, but only in his
own Authority and fole Command, under pretence of pacifying feme
diftempers about Religion-, but tending, in good earneft, to the plai^
fuppreflion of the Lutheran Forms : for, having ip;nt a tedeous and
impertinent Preamble touching the Animofities fomented in the Pro?;-
/?f»f Churches, between the Lutherans andthofe of the Cahhiafi Pit-
ty, he firft requires that all unntceflary Difputes be laid afide, that
fo all grounds of ftrife and difaffedion might be alfo buried. Which
faid, he next commands all Minifters within the MarqueiTate, to preach
'' the Word purely and fincerely, according to the Writings of the Holy
Prophets and Apoftles, the Four Creeds commonly received (amongil
which the Te Deum is to go for one) and the Confeflion of Ausberg^ of
thelaft Corre^aion 5 and that omitting all new glolTes and intcrpreta-
i tions of idle and ambitious men, affecting a Primacy in the Church,
and a Power in the State, they aim at nothing in th.ir Preachings,
but the Glory of God, and the Salvation of Mankind. He commands
alfo, That they fhouldabftain from all calumniating of thofe Chur-
ches which either were not fubjed to their Jurifdidion, nor were not
lawfully convi(aed of the Crime of Herefie ^ which he refolved not to
connive at for the time to come, but to proceed unto the punifliment of
all thofe who wilfully fhouldrefufe to conform themfelves to his Will
and Pleafure. After which, giving them fome good Counfel for fol-
lowing a more moderate courfe in their Preachings and Writings, then
they had been accuftomed to in the times fore-going, and in all points to
be obedient to their principal Magiftrate, he pulls off the Difguife, and
fpeaks plainly thus,
*citirum ne- < i5. Thefe are * (faith he) the Heads of that Reformation, "which
iTfXrt" '" ' ^5 ^^ ^^ obferved in all the Churches of Brandenbourgh ^ that is to fay,
unmUnburgi' < AH Imagcs, Statues, and CrofTes, to be removed out of the place of
coindituendg, c pubijck Meetings j all Altars, as theReliquesof Fcferj^ and purpofely
n<ec capi i ^ erefted for the Sacrifices of the Popifh Mafs, to be taken away. That
immorantur.
Thuan. Con-- c j^ th^jj room they fliould fet up a Table of a long fquare Figure, cove-
t,n.i|b.i.An, ^ ^g^^j^ji tinges with a Carpet of Black, and at the timeof theCom-
*munionwitha Linen Cloth. That Wafers Ihould be ufed inftead of
« the former Hofts •, which being cut into long pieces (hould be re-
' ceived and broken by the hands of thofe who were admitted to com-
* municate at the Holy Table. That ordinary Cups ihould be made ufe
of
Lib. XII. c^e Iptfioi? of tl^e Hsije^ft^^lette^i **^o^
*■ of for the future, inftead of the old Popifh 'Ghalice„ That the Vefl-
*mentsufedin the Mafs fliould be f )rborn - rio Candles lighted iriany'
' of their Churches at noon-day. No Napkin to be held to thofe that -
' received the Sacrament 5 nor any of them to receive it upon their
' knees, as if Chrift were corporally prefent. The fign of the Crofs to
'^ be from thenceforth difcontinued. The Minifter not to turn his back
* to the people at the Mmiftration. The Prayers and Epiftles before
* the Sermon to be from thenc. forth read, not fung; and the faj'd
' Prayers not to be muttered with a low voice in the Pulpit, or Reading
* Pew, but pronounced audibly and diftindly. Auricular Confcilion
* tobe laid afide, and the Communion not to be adminiftred to fick
*perfonsinthe time of any common Plague, or Contat^ious Sicknefs.
' No bowing of their knte at the Name of ^efm Nor Fonts of ftone
* to be retained in their Churches, the want whereof may be fupplied by
* a common Bafon. The D>-calogue to be repeated wholly without
" mutilation 5 and the Catechifm, in fome other points no lefs errone-
^ ous, to be corredtd and amended. The Trinity to be adored but not
' cspreft in any Images either carved or painted. The words of Con-
' fecracion in the holy Supper tobe interpreted and underftood .iccor-
' ding unto that Analogy which they held with the Sacrament and o-
' ther Texts cf Holy Scripture. And finally. That the Minifters fhould
<not be fo tyed to preach upon theGofpels and Epiftles that were ap-
* poiated for the day, but that they might make choice of any other
* Texts of Scripture, asbeftpleafed themfelves. Such was the tenour
of this Edid: 5 on which I have infifted the more at lar^e, to Hiew the
difference between the Lutheran and Genevian Churches 5 and the oreat
correfpondence of the firft with the Church o^EmJand. But zlmCal-
vinian Pill did not work fo kindly, as not to ftir more humours then it
could remove. Vox xht Lutherans h^\n^ in polTefiTion, would not de-
liver uptheir Churches, ordefert thofe Ufages to which they had been
trained up, and in which they were principled, according to the Rules
of their firft Reformation. And hereupon fome Rupture was like to
grow betwixt the young Marquefs and his Subjeds, if by the inter-
vention of fome honeft Patriots it had not been clofed up in this
manner, or to this effedl : 'X\\ditt\\& Lutheran Forms only ftiould be ufed
in all the Churches of the Marque(Jate, for the contentation ofthe peo-
ple 5 and, that the Marquefs ftiould have the exercife of his new Re-
ligion forHimfelf, his Lady, and thofe of his Opinion, in their private
Chapels.
. 17. But the main bufinefs ofthefe times were the Commotions rai-
fed in Tranfyhawiay Hungary, Mjiria.znA Bohemia^ by thofe of the Cal-
vinianPiny-^ which drew all the Provinces of the Empire into fuch
confufions, as havedifturbed the Peace thereof to this very day. For
laying down the true Original thereof, we may pleafe to know, that
T€rdtnmd,i\\& younger Brother of C^^r/f/ the Fifth, fucceedintron the
denhoi Maximilian the Emperor in the Dukedom of y^«y?r/<e, and af-
terwards attaining by Marriage to the Crown of Hungary zni Bohemia
■which he was not born to, endeavoured to oblige his Subjeds in all
thofe Dominions, by a conmvanceat fuch Deviations from the Church
of Rome, as were maintained by thofe who adhered to Luther, and held
them-
4o6 €:i)e !Ptao?t of tl)c i^ae^tf terian0. Libxii,
themfelves to the Conftffion of Ausherg :, which afterwards was xatifi-
ed by Iraperial Edid. Followed therein by Maximillmn the lecond,who
fucceeded him in his Eftatcs •, and being a mild and gracious Prince,
not only (liewed himfelf unwilling to challenge any Power over Souls
and Confcicnces, but was pleafed to mediate in behalf of his Pretefiani
Subjeds with the Fathers at Trf/?/, amongfl: whom he incurred the
lufpition of being a Lutheran. But Rcdolfhus the cldcft of his Sons,
and his next SuccefTor, was of a different temper from his Father and
Grandfather, a profeft enemy to all that held not a Conformity with
the Church of i?c»«f, which he endeavoured to promote with fuchter-
"Vible Edids, as threatned nothing but deftruftion unto all gain-fayefs.
He had five Brethren at that time, but none of them the father of a-
ny children ^ which made him caft his eyes on Ferdinand of Gratis^
Son of chirks Duke of CrMts, and Nephew of Ferdinand the Em-
peror, before remembred. Who going to Rome in the year of '-fubik^
Ar}no\6oo., obliged himfelf by Oath to the Pope then being, to extir-
pate all the Pr. teftants cut of his Dominions 5 which upon the infli-
gatlon of the ^Cf/z^z/j he did accordingly, by pillaging and bani(hing all
of the Augnji.an ConfefsioK^ thorough Styria^ Cari^th/a ^ and Carf!:oIiiy
though they had paid for the Freedom of their Confcience a great fum
of Money.
18. This fo endeared him to Rcdolphui, that he rcfolved upon him
for liis next SuccefTor, and at the prefent to eftate him in the Realm
'of Hungary, as a ftep unto if. In which Defign as he was fecouded by
the Fofe and Sfaniardy fo queflionlefs it liad been effedcd, if Matthtas
the Emperors Brother, and next Heir, had nor countermined them, by
countenancing thofeof the C4/i^//?;<i» or Reformed Religion, who then
bcoan to ftem confiderable in the eye of that Kingdom. To carry
on which Span.Pi Plot to the end defired, the Prelates of Huffgary, in an
Affembly held at Presburgh, Anno 1604, publilhed a Decree without the
confent of the Nobility and Eftites of the Kingdom, for the burning
^^4' or perpetual banifliment of all fuch as were of the Reformed Religi-
on. Which having been entertained in the Realm of Poland^ found ,no
oreat difficulty in crofTing the Carpathian Mountains, and gaining the
like favourable adrailTion in this Kingdom alfo. Againft which Edi(ft
of the Billiops a Protefi is prefently made by the Eftates of the Realm,
under the Seal of the Palatine, the chief Officer of it -, by whom ic
was publicklv affirmed, That they would with jufi Armsdefend themselves..
' if they Ihsuldk quefitoned for the canfe of Religion, Which notwithfland-
in<» Beliojofa ( one of the Emperors chief Commanders in the
Realm of Hungary) firft got into his hands the flrong Town of C^/-
fovia, flanding upon the borders of Tranfylvania. And that being
done, he did not only interdift all thofe of the Reformed Religion
from making any ufes of them as they had done formerly •, but he
inhibits them from having Sermons in their private Houfes, frotn
readlnc^ in the Holy Bible, and from the burying of their dead in halloW'*
HI places,
19. Norftaid he there, but pick'd a ncedlefs quarrel with Ipvon
.Botfeayy a gr; at man of that Country, two of whofe Caflles he fur-
prifed and razed, and thereupon provoked him to become his Enemy.
For,
Lib. xiL ci)c f tftojr Of m )^mhtttmm. 4C?7
'*'"■"" -■■■■n-i — L,— TffTw ■ I .— _,_^.,.^ I ■ iM I nil Pill IP >i I ,1,, 1,1
For, being To provoked, he takes upon himfelf tlic Patronage of his
Native Country, then miferably opprefled by the c76-/»,,»Sold?ers; calls
himfelf Prince of Tranfjlv^nU^ confederates himulf witii the Turkifh
;g;i/j-4V, and thrived fo well in his Defigns, that he compelled the Em-
peror to recall his Forces out o^Tranfylvauia^and procured Liberty of
Confcience for all his Followers. For, being afllfted by the Turks,
he encountred the faid 5(?//'(7;>/^, cuts off 5ooo of his men, and fends a
great part of the enemies Enfigns, to the Fifier Bajja, as a fign of his V i-
dory. Which Blow he followed by a Proclamation to th?;effea:, viz.
That all fitch as defired Liberty of Confcience, and to live free fromths Cor-
ruptions andUolitncs of the Church of Rome, flwtld repair to him as tothttr
Heady and that he xvotdd allow to each of them Five Dollars weekly. Which
Proclamation did not only draw unto him many thoufands of ?the com-
mon people, together with a great part of the Nobility and Gentry .,
but tempted many of the Emperors Soldiers to forfake their General'
and joyn themftlves unto his Party. Strenotlienecl wherewith, he
makes hinUclf MafhT of C^/jo-z^/^i •, in which he changed not only the
Religion, but the Civil Government : infomuch that many of thofe
which were addifted to the Church of Home, were prefen-'lyflain up-
on the place, and moft of the rell turned out of die City, tos^e-
ther with the greateft pare of the Church-men, the Bifliops, and the
Emperors Treafurer. Upon which fortunate Succefs, a great i'ar-
ty in the Upper Hungary declare in favoar of his Caufe, violently
break open the Religious Houfcs, compel the Fryers to put themfelve's
into fortified places •, and finally, to abandon I' re burgh ^ the chief Town
of that Kingdom, and to flye for llielter to Vienna, as their fureft re-
fuge.
20. After this, Bafld^ the Lord-General of the Emperors Forces, ob-
tained the better of them in feme Fortunate Skitmiflies, which rather i^ot,
ferved to prolong, then to end the War. V or Botfcay was orownt'j fo
great ftrength, and made fuch fpoll in all places wheieever he came
that /•////^/i//f.i his Lieutenant, was found ro be poflTefledat the time
of his death, of no fewer then Seven hundred Chains of Gold, , ''and one
hundred thoufand Ducats in ready mony, which he had raked tof^ethcr
within lefs then a year. This Treafure coming into Botfcafs hands by
the death of Lippa, he mightily encreafed his Army, with which he
took in many ftrono Towns, and brought in fome of the Nobility of
the Upper Hungary, lending his Forces into Stjria-, Auftria, and Moravia,
which he fpoiled and wailed. Infomuch that the Emperor, beinc for'
ced to fend Commiilioners to him to accord the Differences, coufd ob-
tain no better Conditions from him, but, That Liberty of Confcience^ and
the free excrcife of the Reformed Religion, {liouldbe permitted to all thofe who ,
demanded the fame ; and that himfelf fhould be eflatcd in the Principaljty of
Tranfylvania, fur the term of his life. And tho.ugh the Emperor at firft
lefufed to yield to thefe hard Conditions •, yet in the next year, Anno
i5o6;Upoi a fecond Treaty with theEftates of that Kingdom, it was
agreed upon by the Commiffioners on both fides, That the free exer-
cifeaswell of the Reformedy as of the Romfh Religion, Ihou Id be permit-
ted to all men in the Realm of Hungary, as in the time of Maximilltan
«he Father, and Ferdindndihz Grandfather, of die p'refent Emperor,
Which
i6oe.
^tjefeiftojt^ of tt^t ^tt^])%ttxmm. Lib. xii.
''^ Which Articles were more fully ratified in the Pacification madejat
^?>/?«jj on the fourteenth of ^fZ-^fw^fr then next following. In which
it wasexprtfly cautioned and capitulated, tImi the Calvin'nn Relgion
fhoHldfrom thenceferth he exncifed as freely as either the Lutheran or the Ro-
ii^illi. In managing which Negation between the Parties, Matthias the
Aich iJukc, who hitherto had fecretly encouraged the Hungarian Goff el-
/^^/j'was not only prefent, but openly gave both countenance and con-
ff rii unto it.
' .%ti"The gaining of this point, put them upon a hope of obtaining
1607. Greater, even to the abrogating of all Laws and OrJinances for the
burnlncTof Hereticks, andvvhatfoever elfewere contrary to their RelL-
oion .^.asalfo, to.the nominating of the P4Ai;;«f, or Principal Officers,
and to the- triakiiig of Confederacies with their neighbour- Nation.
Durin» the agitating of which matters, Botfc^iy dyes in C.:fse--jia • bun
leaves his Faction fo well found, that they are able to goon without
their Leader. An AlTembly of the States of ^^/j^^;)! is called, by the
Emperor, at Preshurgh^in the middle of JuguJl^Anno 160-] • but no-
thlri'^ done, for want of the prefence of Arch Duke Jllanhioi, who was
■ appointed by the Emperor to prefide therein. Which hapned alfo to
the like Aflembly of Eftatesof the Dukc;dom o'i Aujlriay and of the
whole Empire, the next year, at the City of Ratisbene. Matthias^ in
the mean feafon, had his own Defigns apart : ,For, at fuch time as the
Affembly of the Eftates was held at RaiishoKe^ he makes a jrumey un-
to Presbttrgh^ convocates thither the Eftates of /r»;?^jr)', confirms the
Pacification made before at Vienna^ fufFers them to confederate with
their Neighbours of Jujiria, and makes himfelf the Head of that Con-
federation. By vertue whereof, he commands the people of both
Countreystoputthemfelvesinto Arms, pretendingan Expedition in-
to Jl 'or a'via^y but aiming diretflly againft Prague, tht chief Town of ^<»-
, « hernia, where the Emperor i?^/i'e//'W then reliJed : Whom he fo terri-
fiedwith his coming with an Army of eighteen thoufand, thathecon-
fented to deliver the Crown oi Hungary into the hands of Matthias, to
yeild unto him the pofTcflionof all that Kingdom, and to difcharge his
Subjefts from their former Allegiance •, upon condition that the eftates
of that Realm ihould chufe no other King but the faid Arch Duke.
Which Agreement being made the ijth of 5*»f, \6o%, Matthias is accor-
dinc^ly Crowned King o( Hungary -, and Illifachius, a profeft Cah'imany
and one of the principal SticHlers in thefe Agitations, is made Palatine
of it,
22. By this Tranfadion, the whole Dukedom of Juflria^ and fo ma-
ny of the Provinces fubordinate to it, as were not aftually pofTefsed
by the Arch Dwkt Ferdinand^ are configned ovf r to Matthias. Many
Inhabiwnts whereof, profelfing the Cahinian Forms and Do(5lrines,
(which only rauft be called the Reformed Religion) and building on the
late Confederation with the Realm of Hungary, prefumed fo far upon
thf paticnce.of their Prince, as to invade Tome publick Churches for
the exercife of it. But they foon found tl emftlves deceived : For
Matthias \\:ivir\g fomewhat of the States-man in him, aed being withal
ttfe exafpera ted by the Popes iV«»a'o, inttrdids all fuch publick Meetings,
*'"'*^ He had now ferved his turn in getting the pcHeirion of the Crown of
Nurgary
Lib. XII. ^^e i$mm of m pm^tttvim&. c^^
Hufigary^ind was not willing to connive at thofe Exorbitaiices-jn his ^e-
Jlrjaff :>ubj-'<as, ( over whom he challenged a more abfolute Sovcrai^nty
then over any of the reft ) which he had cherrillied for felf ends in the
Kingdom of Hungary. The Auftnans on the other fide, who profcfTed the
; Retocmcd Religioner I'fufe to take the Oath of Allegiance to him, if they
. might not exercife their Rciigion in as free a manner as the Hungariaris
w^reptrmitced to do by the Pacification. And thereupon they prcfent-
]y give Order to their Tenants and Vaffals to put themfelves into Arms,
. appoint a General Aflembly of the Proteftant and Reformed States to be
■held at Horn^ and there relblve to extort that by way of Force, which
they could not hope to gain by Favour. Some pams was took by Maxi^
w/7?<i» the Archduke, another of the Emperors Brothers, to accord the
difference i who offered him in the name of the King to tollerate the
free exercif" of their Religion without the Cities-, and that in thebe>
flowing of the publick Offices there fliould be no exception taken at
theminregardofdieir difference in Religion 5 and withall oave them
many R'eafons wliy fucha general Liberty as they d. fired could not be
granted >i)y the King, with reference to his H.jnour, Confcience'-of
particular lafety. . . •. . ■
': 23. But, this reafonable Offer did not fatisfie the Reformed Party ;,
( for fo.the Cdvmims muff be called; by whom the Hungarians and Mo^
raviufts are follicited to afsociate with them, till they had compafsed
their defires : And upon confidence thereof refufed more obftiaateJy to .
take the Oath then before they did •, levying new Forces forthe War
^nd quartering them in great numbers round about the City oiCrtma
the chief City of the Uffcr Jufiria. Butiniheend,upon theinterventi-'
on of t\i& Morav'un Ambafsadors, the new King was content to yield to
tJiefe Conditit.^ns following, viz. That the NohUjty in their Caftlcs or Towns, 1 609.
as a'fo in their City UoH^es^Jkould for ihemfchei and their feople have the free
exerafe of their Religio». That the free exercife of Preaching m^ht be ufedin
ihe three Churches ^/.llerdorf, Trihelcuinccl, and Horn. That the like-
freedom of Religion might be alfo exercifeiin all thofe Churches in which they
enjoyed the fame till the King! late EdiB. And^ that the Counfellors of State.,
and other fublick officers., fm Id from thenceforth be chofe fromifcucufly out of
both Religions- Upon the granting of which Articles, but not before,
they did not 9nly take the Oath of Allegiance, 'but gave him a Macr-'
nificent Reception in the Town of Lintz -^ which happened on the
irjth of Afjj', i6o<7.
_ ,24. No foonerwete the. ^«/r/4;?j gratified inthe pointof Relioiorr^
butthe5<;^fw/<?»^take their turn to require the like •, concerning which
we are to look a little backward, as far as tothe year 1400. About which
time, we find a itrong party tobe raifedamon'gft them againft forae
Superftitions and Corruptions in the Church oi Rome -^ occafioned, as
fome fay,by reading the works of Wickliff^and by the diligence o( Piccar-
dus,^ F lemming oorn.^ns is affirmed by fome others, from whom they had
the name of P/ffW.w;cruellyperfecated by their own Kings, & publick-
ly condemned in the Conncil o( Conftancet, they continued conftantnot-
withftanding to their own perfwafions : diftinguifiied alfo from the reft
of the Bohemians, by the name, of Calixtins, from the ufe of the
Chalice; and Subi^raque^, from communicating in both khds, againft:
Ggg all
4IO c^ !^iflo?¥ of tl^e ?^?cj5tttfvfan0. Lib.xii
alloppofers. Their Adverfaries in the Church of if owe reproached them
by the wzmt oijddntites^ and fometimes oiPiccards -, imputing to thtra
many Heterodoxies, and feme filthy Obfcenities, ofwhich they never
proved them guilty. In this condition they remained till the preaching
oi Luther, and the receiving of the y^«j-»/;» Confeflion in moft parts 6t
the Empire 5 which gave them fo m^ich confidence, as topurgeihcm-
fclves from all former Calumnies, by publifhing a Declaration of their
Faith and Doftrine : Which they presented at Fiema to the Archduke
Ferdimnd, about ten years before chofen King of Schema, together with
a large Apology prefixt before it. By which confeilion it appears, that
they afcribe no power to the Civil Magiftiate in the Concernments of
the Church. That they had fallen upon away of Ordaining Minifters
amongft themfelves, without recourfe onto the Bifliop, or any fuch Su-
perior Officer, as a Super- intendent. And finally, that they retained the
ufe of Excommunication, and other Ecclefiaftical Cenfures^ for the eha-
ftifing of irregular and fcandalous perfons. In which !aft point, and al-
moft all the other Branches of the faidConfelTion, though thev appearec
as found andOrthodox as any others which had feparated from theChurch
o{ Rpmci, yet by their fymbolyzing with Geneva in fc many particulars,
it was no hard matter for the whole Body of Cahmianifm to creep in a-
moncft them 5 tlie growth whereof inflamed them to fuch defpeface
tourfes as they now purfued.
25. For this they laid a good Foundation in the former year i6op :
\€o$. yff\^f.^ Matthias with his great Army was preparing for Prague, they fuuni
the Emperor in fome fear, from which he could not be lecured, but by
their afliftance ; and they refolved to husband the conjun<fture for theit
beft advantage. In confidence whereof, they propofe unto him thefe
Conditions, viz. That the free cxerctfe of Religion, as wi/I accordii^g to thi
Bohemian, as the Auguftin Confeffion, might he kept itivioUble •, and that
they which profefed the onefhotiU neither fcojf or defpife the other. That all Arch-
hi^ovricks^ Bi^opricks, Ahbotjlvfs^ and other Spiritual Preferments, jheuldh
fi'Ven to the Bohemians e»/y 5 and that Ecclejliflical offices (hotdd be permit-
ted to Pretejiant Mintjlers as in former times. That it (bouldbe lawful for all
men in their own Bounds and Territories-, to build churches for their oivn Rdi^
gion : and that the Profefors and Patrons of the Univerfny of Prague fhoitld be
joyned to the Confiflory as in former times. That all Political offices jhoitld
be indifferently permitted unto men of both Religions. With many o-
ther things of like weight and moment in their Civil Concern-
ments. But the Emperor was not yet reduced to that neceflity,
as to confenc to all at once. He gratified them at the prefent
with a Conformation of their Civil Rights -, but put of the De-
mands which concerned Religion to the next Aflembly cfEftateS;
conniving in the mean time at the exercife of that Religion which
he could not tolerate.
26. 'Rmthe CalvinianCi^ixtins., otConfeffioniJis, call them whiehybf!
willjperceiving a ftrong party of theCatholicks to be made againft them,
appointed a General AiTfembly to be holdcnin the City of 'Mtp Prague,
the i^th of May, to confult of all fuch matters as concerned their Caufe,
protefting publickly ( according to the common Cuftom of that kindj
/ thai this Affenably, though not called by the Emperors Authority,
aimed
Lib. XII. ci)e i^iftozv of tl)e ^^mttttiam. ' -'In
aimed at no other End then his Service only, and the profperity of thif
Kingdom •, that both the Emperor and the Kingdom too might not,'
through the Per[wAfioris of his Evil Counfellors^ht brought to extream peril
and danger.This done,they fend their Letters to the ntw K.\n^ oi Hun^a-
.^►j/jthe Prince Eledor Palatine^thQ Dukes of Saxony and Brunfwick^ and 6-
iher Princes of the Empire^ befeeching them, that by their powerful ip-
terceffion with his Imperial Majeftyjthey might be fufFered to enjoy tKe
cxercife of their own Religion, which they affirmed to differ in no ma-
terial point from the Confeilion of y^wj^^r^. Following their blow, they
firft rcmonftrate to the Emperor how much they had been difappointed
of thtrir hopes and expectations from one time to another ^ andinfine,
tell him in plain terras, that they will do their beft endeavour for the
raifing of Arms, to the end they might be able with their utmofl power
to defend him their Soverugn^ together with themfelves and the whole
Kingdom, againft the praftifes of their Foreinand Domeftick Enemies.
According to which llcfolution, they forthwith raifed a great number
both of Horfe and Foot, whom they ranged under good Commanders,
and brought. them openly \\M0 Prague. They procured alfo,that Ambfla.-
dors were Tent from the Eleiftor ot Saxony^ and the Eftares ofsihfa, (a
Province many years fmce incorporated with the Realm of Bohemia) to
intercede in their behalf Tills gave the Emperor a fair colour toconfent
to that, which nothing but extream neceffity could have wrefted from
him.
27. For thereupon he publidied his Letters of the 14^^ of 5f«/y, 1610, 161Q,
by which it was declared, that all his Subjeds communicating under one
or both kinds rtiould live together peaceably and freely, and without
wronging or reviling one another,under the pain and penalty of the Law
to be inflided upon them who (hould do the contrary. That as they who
communicated under one kind, enjoyed the exeicile of their Reliction in
all points, throughout the Kingdom of £o,^fzw/4j fo they which did com-
municate under both k inds,niould enjoy the field,without the lett or in-
terruption of any^and that they (liould enjoy the fame till a general union
in Religion,and an end of all Controvcrlies fliould be fully made. That
they fliould have the lower Confiftory in the City of Prague, with power
to conform the fame according to their own Confeflion. That they miwhc
lawfully make iheir Priefls as well of the Bohemian as of the Germa;t
Nation 5 and fettle them in their feveral Pariihes without lett or mole-
ftation of the Archbifliop of Prague : and that befides the Schools and
Churches which they had already, it might be lawful! for them to erecS
more of either fort, as well in Cities as in Towns and Countrey Villa-
ges.He declared alfo, that all Edids formerly publiflied again ft the free
exercife of Religion fliould be void,fruftrate,and of none effed ; and that
no contrary Edid againft the States of the Religion fliould either be pub-
liflied by himfelf, or any of his Heirs and SuccefTors •, or if any were,
they fliould not be eftecmed of any force or effed in Law : and finally,
that all fuch of his Majefties Subjeds that fliould do any thing contra-
ry to thefe his Letters, whether they were Ecclefiaftical or Temporal
perfonsj fliould be feverely punifliedasthe Troublers of the Gammon
Peace.
28. The paffing of this Gracious Edid (which i\\tConfeffionifis vvere
G g g a not
412 Ci^e ipiiJo?¥ of t^e |&?cgtttcr<atisi, Ub.xii.
not flow of putting into execution) exceedingly exafperated all thofe of
■'the Catholick Party 5 who thereupon called in the Arch Duke leepoldy
Bifliop oiPafsatP, and oneof the Emperors younger Brothers: Which in-
vitation he obeyed, cntred the Country with an army of 12000 men,
makes himfelf Mafter o( New Prague, and attempts the oU. But he found
fuch refiftance there, that King Maithtas, with a powerful Army, came
time enough to their relief, and diflodged the Beiiegers. Which Aid
he brought them at that time, not out of love to their Religion, or
their Perfons either, but only upon fome Advertifement which had been
given him of Duke Leopolds purpofes, of getting that Kingdom to him-
felf, as formerly Matthias had extorted the Realm oi Hungury^vn defpight
of the Emperor. But meening to make fure work of it, he prevailed io
far, that the Emperor refigned unto him that Kingdom alio, to which
he was cheerfully eleded by the Eftates of the Country, before the end
of this year,.-/»;^<> 1610. And within two years afttr, v.as raifed to the
Imperial Dignity on the death of his Brother. Advanced unto which
Power and Height,he governed hisDominions with great moderation^till
the year 1617. When being Himfelf,and all his Brothers, without hope
of Children, he caft his eyes upon his CoufinF^r.V/A'/twi, then Duke of
Cratzi^ fa Prince wholly aded by the Jefuits) v/hom he adopted for his
Son, declaredhim for hisSuccefforin allthe Patrimony and Eftates be-
longing^ to the Houfe of Aufiria 5 and in the year i6ii), put him into the
adual poffeflion of the Realms of Hu»ga>ya.r\d Bohemia -, but not with,
any fuch formality of Eledion unto either of them, as in his own cafe
had been obferved.
29. This gave encouragement to fome of the Catholick Party, to take
offence at fome Churches lately ereded by thofe of the Reformed Reli-
gion, and either totally to deface them, or to (hut them up. Complaint
hereof is made unto the Emperor, but without any remedy. So that be-
in^ doubly injured, as they gave it out, they called an Aflembly of
the States, that order might be taken for the prefervation of Religion,
and their Civil Rights, both equally endangered by thefe new encroach-
ments. The Emperor difallows the Meeting, commanding them by
Proclamation todiflblve the fame. Which fo exafperated fome hot
fpiritSjthat the Emperors Secretary, and two of his principal Councel-
lors, were caft headlong out of the Caftle- Windows. And though j^ll
three miriculoufly efcaped with life, yet the Confpirators conceived the
Fad to be fo unpardonable, that they could find no means of doing bet-
ter, but by doing worfe. For hereupon they fet a Guard of Soldiers on
the Baron of -S/frw^fr^^, Governour off he Caftle and Kingdom ; they
fecure Prague:, difplace all the Emperors old Councellors, and totally
clear the Kingdom of all the Jefuits ; and prefently, as well by Letters to
Matthias himfelf,as by a publick Declaration fcattered in all parts of the
Kingdom, they juftifiethemfelves and their adings in it. Which done,
they nominate two and thirty perfons of their own Perfwafion, to have^,
a fuperintendency over all Affairs which concerned that Kingdome,
whom they called by the name of Direiiers -^ and enter into a folemn
League or Covenant, to defend each other againft all perfons whatfo-
ever, without excepting either King or Emperor. For punifhing thefe in-
folencies on the one fide ; and preferving the Malefadors, on the other,
from
Lib. XII. c^e f iHojr of ti)t ^imtttvm^, ^^
■from the hands of Juftice 5 a terrible Confufion firft, and afterwards «.
more terrible War breaks out amongft them. In the firft heats where*
of, the Emperor Mutthioi dyes, and Ferdifiand is lawfully eleded tofuc_'
ceed in the Empire. To ftop the courfe of whofe good Fortunes the Bo-
^fw;4» Confederates renounce all Allegiance to him, proclaim him for no
King of theirsjnor fo to be acknowledged by the Princes and Eftates of
Gerrnanj.
30. But their new Governours(or2);rf(7tfrj,as they called them)being
generally worfted in the war, and fearing to be called to a ftrid account
for thefemultiplyed injuries, refolve upon the choice of fome Potent
Prince,to take th.at unfortunate Crown upon him. And who more like to
carry it withfuccefs and honour then Frederick the fifth. Prince Eleiftor
Pdatine^xh^ Head of the CalvmmPany^ Son-in-law to the Kin^ o{Ekp-
/-t^^jdelcended from a Daughter of thejPrince o( Orange, and byliis wi^
allyed to the King of Denmarkythe Dukes of Holjlein and Brunfwick, three
great Liftheran Princes. Thefe were the motives on their part to invite
him to it -, and thty prevailed as much with him to accept the offer to
■which he was puih-d forward by the fecret inftigation of the-States'U-
nited, whofe Truce with Spdin was now upon the point of exfpirati-
on-, and they thoaght fit, in point of State-craft, that helliouldexercife
his Army further off, then in their Dominions. And unto thefe it may
be added, He had before incurred the Emperors Difpleafure on a double
account •, firft, for projcifling the Confederacy of the Chiefs of the Cal-
'uinifis, (whom they called the Princes of the Urtion) for defence of them-
felves and their Religion. Andfecondly, for demolilihing the Fortificar
tions which were raifed at ?<i/f«/;/i/«^, though authorized by the Placorf
of Ji//t/^/'/^ himfelf, for which he was impleaded in the Chamber of
Spires. Upon which Motives and Temptations, he firft fends forth his
Letters to the Eftates of Bohemia, in which he fignified his acceptance
of the Honour conferred upon him, and then acquaints Kin^ ^amei
with the Propofition, whofe Councel he defired. therein for hfs better
diredion. Bur King ^ames was not pleafed in the precipitancy of this
radi adventure, and thought himfelf unhandfomely handled, in having
his Advice asked upon the poft-fadt, when all his Counfels to the
contrary muft have come too late. Befides, he had a flrong Party of
Cdvtnijis'xn his own Dominions, who were not to be trufted with a
Power of difpofing Kingdoms, for fear they might be brouc^ht to pra-
(flife that againft himfelf, which he had countenanced in others. He
knew no Prince could reign- in fafety, or be eftabliihed on his Th
rone
with Peace and Honour, if once Religion fliould be made a Cloak to
difguife Rebellions.
3J. Upon thefe grounds of Chriftian Prudence, he did not only difal-
low the Adlion in his own particular, but gave command that none of
his Subjeds fliould from thenceforth own his Son-in-law for the Kincr of
Bohemia, or pray for him in the Liturgy, or before their Sermons, by any
othti i:i\\tx\\&u. the Prince Eleiior. hi vfh'ich the Englifh Cahinifis were
extreamly vexed, who had already fancied to thenrfelvesupon this occa-
fionthe raifingofa Fifth Monarchy in thefe parts of Chriftendom, even
to the dethroning of the Popejthc fetting up of Cnhin in S, PetersCha'ir,
• and
t^^ ^ — : -TzzTT—. — -
and carrying on the War to the Walls of Con^Anum^k. No man mor^
zealous in the Caufe then ArchbilTiop Ahhot, who prtffed to have the
news received with Bells and Bonfires, the King to be engaged in a war
for the defence of fuch a Righttota and Rdigiom Caufcj and the Jewels of
the Crown to be pawned in purfuanceofit-, as appears plainly by his Let-
ter to Sir Robert Naunton^ principal Secretary of State. Which Letter?
bearing date on the 12 oi Decern. An. 1619, are to b;: found at large \\\ the
Printed Cahla^ ^,i69:,&c. and thither I refer the Reader for his lacisfadi*
on. But neither the Perfwafion of fo great a Prelate, nor the follicltati-
onsofthe Princ-efs and her publick Mmifters, nor the tronbl.fomeincer-
pofin^s of the Houfe of Commons in a following Parliainent, were a.;le
to remove that King from his firft refolution. By which, though he
incurred the high difpleafure of the Englijh Purkms^ and thoCe of the CaI-
vinim Party in other places •, yet he acquired the Reputation of a juft and
religious Prince, with moft men befides, and thofe not only of the Remi[h,
bnt'the Lutheran Churches. And it is hard to fay which of rhe two were
mofl: offended with the Prince Eledor, for his accepting of that Crown..
which of them had more ground to fear the mine of their Caufc and l^ar-
ty if he had prevailed-, and which of them were more impertinently pro-
voked to make Head againft him after he had declared his acceptance
dfit.
' 32. For when he was to be Inaugurated in the Church of Prrf^«£j he
neither would be crowned in the ufual Form, nor by the hands of the
Archbirtiop, to whom the performing of that Ceremony did of rightbe-
long •, but after fuch a form and manner as was digefted by -Scultetus^ his
DoRieftick Chaplain, who chiefly governed his Affairs in all Sacred
inatters. Nor would Scultetm undertake the Ceremony of the Corona-
tion,thouoh very ambitious of that honour,till he had cleared the Church
of all Ca°rved Images, and defaced all the Painted alfo. Inbothrefpeds
alike offenfivetothe Romijh Clergy, who found themfelves difprivi-
ledced, their Churches Sacrilegiously invaded, and further ruine threat-
ned by thefe Innovations, A MaflTie Crucifix had been ereded on the
Bridge of Prague^ which had flood there for many hundred years be-
fore •, neither affronted by the Lutherans^ nor defaced by the ^etes^
thouoh more averfe from Images then all people elfe: ScuUctm takes
offence at the fight thereof, as if the Brazen Serpent were fet up and
worfliipped •, perfwades the King to caufe it prefently, to be demo-
lirtied, or elfe he never would be reckoned for an Hezekiah •, in
which he found Conformity to his Humour alfo. And thereby
did as much offind all fober Lutherans.^ (who retain Images in their
Churches, and other places) as he had done the Romijh Clergy by
his former Follies. This gave fome new encreafe to thofe former
Jealoufies which had been given them by. that Prince -, firft, by
endeavouring to fupprefs the Lutheran Forms in the Churches of
Brander)hour<^h^ by the Arts and Pradifesof his Sifter: and fecond-
]y, by condemning their Dodlrine at the Synod of Dert, (in which
his Minifters were more adlive then the reft of the Foreincrs) though
i;n the perfons of thofe men whom they called ArmwUns. But that
i^hich gave them greateft caufe of offence and fear, was^his deter-
raiuatioft
"■■ ■■.--*- -.•^—^ ■,^.— -.. -—- . « " ■ - r ■ - - - 1 1 >- ,1
Lib. XII. '^W^mo^v Of tl^e ^it^i^iztian^.
Hi.
415
mination in a craufe depending between two Sifters, at his firft co
raing to the Crown 5 of which the youngeft had been married
to a Calvman, the eldeft to a Lutheran Lord. The place in diffe-
rence was the Caftle and Seignury of Cutfein^ of which the eldeft
Sifter had took poffcfTion as the Seat of her Anceftors. But the
King pairing Sentence for the younger Sifter, and fending certain Jud-
ges and other Officers to put the place into her aftual pofteffion, they
were all blown up with Gun-Powder by the Lutheran Ladyj not able
to concod the Indignity offered, nor to fubmit unto Judgment which
appeared fo partial.
33. In the mean time whilft the Eledor was preparing for his jour-
ney to Prague, the Faftion of Bohemia not being able 'to withfland
fuch Forces as the Emperour had poured in upon them, invited £et^.
le^ Gabor (not long before made Prince of rranf-jlvania by the helo
of the r«r^.O to repair fpeedily to their fac(;our. Which invitation
he accepts, raifeth an Army of Eighteen thoufand men, ranfacks
all Monafteries aud Religious Houfes wherefoever he came a d
in fliort time becomes the Mafter of the Uf^er Hmgarj^ and the C"
ty of Fresburgh -, the Proteftants in all places, but moft efpeciallv
, the Cahinians^ fubmitting readily unto him, whom they looked ud
on as their deliverer from fonje prcfent fervitudc. From thence he
fends his Forces to the Gates of Fienm^ and impudently craves
that the Provinces of Stjria, Cannthia, and Carmola, fhould be u-
nited from thenceforth to the Realm o{ Hungary^ the better to enl-
ble the Hungarians to refift the Turk. And having a defi<»n fbr ruin'
ing the Houfe of Aujlrta, he doth not only crave protedion from
the Ottoman Emperor, but requires the new JC ing and Eftates bf
Bohemia^ with the Provinces incorporate to it, to fend their Em
baffadors to Confiantinofe^ for entring into a Confederacv with
the common Enemy. Hereupon followed a great Meeting of Em
bafladors from Bohemia^ Anuria, Silefta, Lufatia, Femce, Poland and
Turhe: All which affembied at Newhafa/l in the u/per Httmari -
where the rnrk readily ^ entred into the Aftbciation , and the
Venetian Embaflador undertook the like in the Name of th
Seignury. Encouraged wherewith the TranfylvanUn is proclaim
ed King of Hungary ■ who to make good a Title fo nnjuftlv
gotten, provides an Army of no fewer then Thirtv thoufand (o.
thers fay Fifty thoufand) men. With which if he had entred
into any part of Bohemia, before the new King had loft himfelf
in the Battel of Fyague, it is moft probable that he might haveab.
folutely alTured that Kingdom to the Prince Eledor, acquired the
other for himfelf, and parted the Eftates of Aujiria amon^^ft their cent
federates. ^
34. But fo it hapned, that fome Lutheran and Fopjh Princes be
ing both equally jealous of their own Eftates, and careful to'pre^
ferve the Intereft of their feveral Parties, entred into League with
the Emperor Ferdinand, for the defence of one another, 'and the
recovery of that Kingdom to the Houfe of Aufiria. In 'profecuti-
on of which League, ^ohn Ceorgt, the Duke Eledor of Saxony,
isnvades
1^2©,
4,1 ^ mt^iiim of m ^n^hxttxiam, Lib. XII.
invades Lufatia (another of the incorporate Proviqces ) with
puiftant Army, and in fhort time reduceth it Under his Command^
, And with like puilsance M.xmiUuiri, Dukq of B^VArii rh'e mo^
potent of the Catholick. Princes, falkth into Echema, and'openeth
all the way before h.m to the Walls of Prague. Joyning with ^
Imperial Forces under Count Bucquoy, they are faid to have ma-de
up an Army of Fifty thouland. With which they cr^ve batre^rfo
the. Army of the Prince Eledor, confifting of thirty tlioufand rnen
under the Condud of the Prince of Anhalt , and the Counr nf
TW«f. It IS reported, that the Prince Eledlor was fo aood aHn?
band for the Emperor, '-as to preferve his Treafures in tife Caftle nf
Frague, without diminiHiing fo much thereof as miaht pay his Son!
di-ers : which made many of them throw away thefr Arms , and re-
fufe to fight. But fureit is, that the Imperials gained a ereatar^
an eafie VKaory 5 inthepurfuit whereof the youn^. Prince of X
hAlt, together with Count Thume , and Saxon PVemar, were takfn
Prifoners, the Bohema,, Ordnance all furprifeJ , p^a^^^e forced to
yield unto the Viftor, the King and Queen compelled to Ave inra
SUeJia, from whence by many difficult paisages, and untravdledwavs
they came at aft in {afety to the Hagne in Ho/la»,l Nor is kalro
gether unworthy of our ob.fervation, That this oreat Vidory was
obtained on a Sunday morning, being the Sih of Nove^^hcr, and he
2^d Sunday after T>-,;.;/y • in the Gofpel of which day occurred that
memorable pafsage, BeMte C^ari qua [urn Cxfan,. that is to fav
Render unto C^ar the thmgs whtch are C^m : Which feemed toiud-e
the Quarrel on the Eniperors fide. Hereupon followed the moft
Tragical, or rather moft Tyrannical Execution of the chief Bire
Hors, who had a hand in the D.fign ., the fuppreffing of the Pro-
teftant Reformed Religion, in all the Emperors Eftares the fal
hng back of Bethlem Gabcr \xx^o Tra.fylv.ma, the profcribin^ of
the Prince Elector and his Adherents, the transferrin^ of the Ele-
aoral Dignity, together with the Upper PaLttnate, on the Dnke
; o{ Eavma 5 the Conqueft of the lower Pahtwate by the Kino of Spain
andthefettingupof Popery in all pamof both. In which conditidn
they remained till. the reftonng of Charles Lodowick, the now Prince
Eledor to the beft part of his Eftate, by the Treaty of Munflcr, i 648
j5i8. 35. Such was the miferable end of the Warr of B^hLa, raifed
chiefly by the Pride and Pragmaticalnefs of ^4/-../;;, Followers out
of a hope to propagate their Doftrines, and advance tlieir Difci-
pline m all parts of the Empire Nor Ipedthc Hugonots much bet-
ter.m the Realm Of i^r4;,r. 5 whereby the countenance and conni-
vance, of King Henry the IV. who would not fee it . and durin^^ the
mmority of Leasts the XIII. who could not help it • they poffeft'ed
themfelves of fome whole Countreys, and near Two hundred ftronc^
• Towns, and fortified places. Proud of which Stren^^th, they took
• "P°" i !?y' a Conrimonwealth in the midft of a Kingdom, fum-
monea Aflembhes for the managing of their own Aft^alrs when
and as often as they pleafed. Gave Audience to the Minifters of
Forein Churches 5 and impowered Agenfs. of their own jtOne'c^otr
ate
Lib. XII. cue ^iHo^t of t^e |^je0i)^tcrtan0. 4 1 7
ate with them. At the fame Meetings they confulted about Reli-
gion, made new Laws for Government, difplaced fome of their old
Officers, and eleded new ones 5 the Kings confedt being never ask-
ed to the Alterations. In which licentious calling of their own
Affembiies, they abufed their Power to a negledl of. the Kincrs Au-
thority 5 and not diflolving thofe AlTemblies when they were com-
manded, they improved that Negled to a Difobedience. Nay,
fometimes they run crofs therein to thofe very Edids which they
had gained by the effufion of much Chriflian Blood, and the ex-
pence of many hundred thoufand Crowns. For by the laft Edid
of Pacification the King had granted the free exercife of both Re-
ligions, even in fuch Towns as were afligned for Caution to the
Uugonot Party. Which liberty being enjoyed for many years, was at
laft interrupted by thofe very men who with fo much difficulty had
procured it. Forin an Afsembly of theirs wl^ich they held at Zo»^«»,
Amo \6\9-, they ftriclly commanded all their Gjvernours, Mayors,
and Sheriffs, not to fufF.r any Jefuit, nor thofe of any other Order,
■to preach in any of the Towns affigned to them, though licenfed by
the Bidiop of the Diocefs in due Form of Law. And when upon
adiflike of their proceedings, the King had declared their Meetings to
be unlawful, and contrary to the Publick Peace 5 and had procured
that Declaration to be verified in the Court of Parliament 5 they did
not only refufe to feparate themfelves as they were required, but ftill
infifted upon terms of Capitulation, even to a plain juftifyin^ of their
adingsin it.
35. Thefe carriages gave the King fuch juft offence, that he denied
them leave to fend Commiffioners to the Synod of D/?rf, to
which they had been earneftly invited by the States of the Nether-
lands. For being fo troublefome and imperious, when they aded
only by theftrength of their Provincial or National Meetings; what
■ danger might not be fufpeded from a general Confluence, in which
the Heads of all the Fadion might be laid together i But then to
fweeten them a little after this Refufal , he gave them leave to
hold an Afsembly at Chare/>toff) four milesfrom P^r^, there- to debate
thofe points, and to agree thofe differences which in that Synodhad
been agitated by the reft of their Party. Which Liberty they made
fuch ufe of in the faid Afsembly, that they approved all the De-
terminations which were made at Don, commanded them to be fub-
fcribed, and bound themfelves and their Succefsors in the Miniftry
by a folemn Oath, * Not only ftedfaftly and conftantly to adhere >^,v,,,ii,i.
unto them, but to perfift in maintainance thereof to the laft gafp off/i>s:M/i^«<r
their breath. But to return to the Afsembly at Loudun: They would ^?'^^'^'"^'f
■ r r i_ L I 1 T^. ....nil. ni extremum
not rile from tiience, though the Kmg commanded it, till they had ,,/^m hdit-Air.
taken order for another Afsembly to be held at Rochet, the chief ^''■/^'': *■•'{•
place of their ftrength, and the Metropolis or principal City of their '^^^•'^^"'*
Common-wealth. Which General Afsembly being called by their
own Authority, and called at fuch a time as had given the King
fome trouble in compofing the Affairs o( Beam, was by the King fo
far difliked, and by efpecial Edid fo far prohibited, that they were
Hhh all
4 1 g ci^e !^tfto?t of ti^e ^tm%ttvim$, Lib.xii.
all declared to be guilty of Treafon, who fliould continue in the fapse
without further Order. Which notwithftanding they fate ftill, and
very undutifuUy proceeded in their former purpofes. Their bufinefs
was to draw up a Remonftrance of their prefent Grievances, or ra-
ther,of the Fears and Jealoufies which they had conceived on the
Kint^s journey into Bearft. This they prefented to the King by their
own Commiflioners , and thereunto received a fair and plaulible
Anfwer, fent in a Letter to them by the Duke Des Diguiers-, by
whom they were advifed to diflblve the Aflembly, and fubmitthem-
felves unto the King. Inftead whereof they publidied a Declara-
tion in defence of their former Actions, and (ignificd a Refoluiion
not to feparate or break up that Meeting, until their Grievances were
redrefsed.
37. It happened at the fame time that the Lord o^ Privasiz Town
in which i\\ft Hugonots made the ftrongeft Party ) married his Daugh-
ter and Heir to the Vifcount of cheyUne 5 and dying, left the fame
wholly unto his dilpofal. Who being of different perfwafioiis from
the greateft part of his Vafsals, altered the Garrifon, and placed his
own Servants and Dependents in it, as by Law he might. This mo-
ved the Hugonots of the Town, and the Neighbouring villages, to
put themfelves into a pofture of War, to feize upon ihe places ad-
joyning, and thereby to compel the young Nobleman tc forlakehis
Inheritance. Which being fignified to the King, heprefently fcor-id
this infolence on the account of the Rochellirs •, who ftanding in defi-
ance of his Authority, was thought to have given fome animati n
Unto the Town Privas^ to commit thofe out- rages. Doubly af-
fronted and provoked the King refolvcs to right himfelf in the way
of Arms: But at the inftant requeft o^ Des Digu:res, before remem-
bred, ( who had been hitherto a true Zealot to the Hugonot Caufe )
he was content to give them Four and twenty days of deliberation
before he diew into the Field. He offered them alfo very fair and
reafonable Conditions; not altogether fuch as their CommifTioners
had defired for them , but far better then thofe which they were
glad to accept at the end of the War, when all their ftrengths were
taken from them. But the Hugonots were not to be told, that all the
Cahinian Princes and Eftates of the Empire had put themfelves in-
to a poflure of War ; fome for defeace of the PaUtimte-, and
others in purfuance of the War of Bohemia. : Of which they gave
themfelves more hopes then they had juft caufe for. In which con-
junfture fome hot fpirits then afsembled at Eochel, blinded with
pride, or hurried on by the fatality of thofe Decrees which they
maintained to be refolved upon by God before all Eternity, rejed
all offers tending to a Pacification, and wilfully run on to their own
deftrudlion. For prefently upon the tendry of the Kings Propofals,
they publifli certain Orders for the regulating of their Disobedi-
ence •, as namely, That no Agreement jhould be made rvith the King.,
but hy ihe con fent of a General Convocation of ihe Chiefs of their Par-
ty: jihcut the payment of their Souldters Wages, and iraercefting the
Jtevennes of the King and Clergie tcward the maintainance of the
War.
Lib. XII. ci)e ^(fiotp of il^ PM})vttximn. 419
War. They alfo Cantoned the whole Kingdom into feven DivifionSj af-
fignedtoeach of thofe Divifions a Commander in Chief, and unt:6
each Commander, their particular Lieutenants, Deputy- Lieutenants,
and other Officers, with fcveral Limitations and Diredions prefcri-
bed to f ach of them for their proceeding in this fervice.
3'8. This makes it evident, that the King did not take Up Arms 162I0
but on great neccfficies. He faw his Regal Authority negleded, his
efpecial Edids wilfully violated, his Gracious Offers fcomfuUy
flighted, his Revenues Felonioufly intercepted, his whole Realm
Cantoned before his face, and put into the power of fuch Comman-
ders as he could not truft : So that the War being juft on his part,
he had the more reafon toexpedl fuch anifTueof it, as was agreea-
ble to the Equity of fo good a Caufe. He had befides, all thofe
Advantages both at home and abroad, which in all probability might
affurehim ofthe end defired. The Prince Eledtor Palatine had been
vorfted in the War of Bohemia^ and all the Princes of the U-
ni.in fcattered to thtir feveral Homes, which they were hardly a-
ble to defeni againfl fo many Enemies 5 fo that there was no dan-
ger to be feared from them. And on the other fide the King of
Grejt Britain^ whom he had raofl: caufe to be afraid of, had denied
affiftance to his own Children in the War of 5i?^^w/4, which feemed
to have more Juftice in it then the War of the Hugonots 5 ' and
therefore was not like to engage in behalf of ftxangers, who rather
out of wontonnefs then any unavoidable neceffity had took uJ5
Arras agalnft their Lawful andUndoubted Soveraign. Athonriethe
Adchilkrs were worfe befriended then they were abroad 5 I mean
the Cemmonweahh of Rochel, as King Lewis called it. The whole
Confederacy of the Hugonots there contrived and fvyorn to • they
had Cantoned the whole Realm into feven Divifions, which they
affignedto the Command of the Earl of Chaflillon, the JVIarquefsiJ.ff
U force^ the Duke of Soubize, the Duke of Rehan, the Duke of
Trmovilk^ the Duke Des Diguer^ and the Duke of Bouillon , whonri
they defigned to be the General/fimo over all their Forces. But nei-!
ther he, nor Des Diguers^ nor the Duke of Trmoville, nor Chafitt-
lon, would ad any thing in It, or accept any fuch Commiffions as
were fent unto them: Whether it were that they were terrified with
the ill fuccefs of the War of Bohemia , or that the Confcieace of
their duty did dired them in it, Idifpute not now. So that tlie Ro-
chcllers being deferted both at home and abroad, were forced to relye
upon the Power and Prudence of the other three ^ and to fupply all
other wants out of the Magazine of Obftinacy and Perverfnefs ;
with which they were plentifully ftored. Twoinftances Ifhall only
touch at, and pafs over the reft. The Town o? Clerack being fqm-
moned the2i of ^tdy, idzi, returned this Anfwer to the King, ViZ;'
That if he would fermtt them to enjoy their Liberties , rvithdrarv his Ar^'
mies^ and leave their fortifications in the fame efi Ate in which he found t^em,
they mould remain his faithful and obedient Subje£fs. More fully
thofe of Mount Jlbon on the like occafjon. That they refolve to live
H h h 2 and
4 1 8 Ci^c l^iaojt cf t^e ^je^tttenatiis. Lib. xir
<i«<^£/ye (noc in obedience to the King, as they fhould have faiJ, but)
in the Union of the churches. Moft Religious Rebels !
^9. Next let us look upon the King •, who being brought ro a
neceility o.f taking Arn:is, firft made his way unto it by his Declara-
tion of the fecond of Jpril, publiilied in favour of all ihofe ofthat
Religion who could contain themfelves in their due obedience.- - In
purfuance whereof he caufed five petfons tobeex^cuted in theCi^
ty of Teiirs^ who had tumultuoully difturbed the Hugenots^ whom
they found bufied at the burial of one of their dead. Healfoiig-
nified to the Kingof Grw/ Britain^ the Princes of the Empire, and
the States of the NetherUtids^ That he had not undertook thisvi^ar
to fupprefs the Religion, but to chaftife the Infolencits of Rebelli-
ous Subjedls. And what he fignified in words, he made good by
his deeds: For when the war was at the hotteft , all thofe of the
Religion in the City of Paris lived as fecurely as before, and had
their accuftf^med Meetings at charenten^2iS'm times of peace. Which
fafety and fecurity was enjoyed in all other places, even where the
Kings Armies lodged and quartered. Nay, fuch a care was taken
of their prefervation, that whenfomeof the Rafcality in the City
of Prfw, upon the firft tydings of the death of the Duke of Maj-
e /I fje {vi ho had been flain at the Siege oi Mont albon amongft many
others) breathed nothing but flaughter and revenge to the Hugonvt
Party ^ the Duke of Mounbazon-, being then Govemour of the City,
commanded their Houfes and the Streets to be fafely guarded, fo that
no hurt w'as done to their Goods or Perfons. And when the Rab-
ble, being difappointed of their ends in Paris^ had run tumuituoufly
the next day to charenton, and burned down their Templi •, an Or-
der was prefently made by the Court of Parliament for the re-edi-
fying it at the Kings fole Charges, and that too in a far more be.tu-
tiful Fabrick then before it had. Bnt in the condud of the War
he governed not his Counfels with like moderation , fulfering the
Sword too often to range at liberty •, as if he meant to be as terrible
in his Executions, ashedefiredto be accounted jufl; \\\ his Underta-
kings. But pofllbly this may beexcufed, though not defended,as being
done in hot blood, when the fpiritsof the Souldiers were enflamed with
anger by reafon of the lofs of fo many of their chief Commanders,
occafioned by the holding out of the obftinate Party 5 or the Icfs of
their Fellows; and could not eafily be quenched but by the blood of
their enemies.
l6xi\ 40- I fl^aU not touch upon the particulars of shis War, which
was quick and violent •, and as fuccefsful on the Kings part as he
could defire. Let it fuffice that within the conapafs of eighteen
moneths, or thereabouts, he ftript them of noi fewer then one hun-
dred of their fjrongeft places : fo that their whole ftrength was re-
duced in a raanijer to two Tow^ns only ? that is to fay, the ftrong
Town of Montdbon-, and the Port oi R-Qchel -^ the reft fubmittingone
by one at the firft demand. A Peace is thereupon concluded before
MontpeUier, agreeable enough to the Will of the Viftor, and with
ftcurity enough to the vanquiftied Party, if all Conclufions had
be en
Lib. XII. '^loz l^ifio?r Of tj^e ^mhmmm.
419
been kept with as great a conflancy, as they had been agreed upon
with afeemiiig alacnty. By which Accord the faid two Towns
were to be held in caution for three years only ; and the laft
feemed much over-awed by the Fort of King Lewu^ eredied by the
Count of Ss/foens when he lay before it. For the demolifhinc^ of
which Fort, the King was eameftly follicited by their Commi^on-
ers •, and tor the not granting whereof when it was defired, he was
accufed for violating the Pacification which he had made with them
before liiontfdiier, and folemnly confirmed in the Courts of Parlia-
ment. And on the other fide the King complained as fenfibly a-
gainft the Hugor.ots, in regard they had not fetled the Ecclefiafticks in
their lawful PoffeiriOBS, nor admitted thofe of the Romm catholick
Religion unto Civil Offices in any of their Towns and Territo-
ries, as by the Articles of that Pacification ihtf were bound to do.
So that the Wound feemed rather to be skinned then healed • and
fuddenly became more dangerous then at firft it was. For thofe of
Rcchel belngfomewhat blocked up by, Fort Lewk toward the Land
pradifed with the Du^e of Sotibiz^e to grow ftrong by Sea, and make
up a Fleet conlifting of Eleven men of War, btfides lefTer Veflels
enter the large Haven of Bkvet in Bretagne^ feize upon all the Ships
which they found therein ♦, and amongft others fix of oreat ftrenoch
and beauty, belonging to the Duke of Ncvers. By the'acceflion^of
this Strength they feize upon the Iflesof RhcMii okron, wichallthe
Shipping in the fame ^ and having gathered together a Navy of no
fewer then Seventy Sail, • they infefl the Seas, and| interrupt. the
courfe of Traffic k-
41. For therepreffing of thefe Pyrates, (for they were no betterj
the King feads out the Duke of Montmorency with a Naval Power- '^'
hires twenty men of Wap of the States of Holland^ and borrows
eight tall Ships of the King of England : With which he^ives bat-
tel to Sotibize^ beats him at Sea, and forceth him to flye^dilhonou-
rably from the Ifle of Rhe^ which the FrcKch prefenrly polTefs, and
begin to fortifie. For the removal of whofe Forces from that Ifland
which blockt up their Haven, the Rochellers mediate by Souiizt
with King Charles of England^ betwixt whom and his Brother of
/•r^afffomedifgull had happened, for fending back the /'rfwJ^of both
Sexes, whom the Queen brought with her. For hereupon the Erinch
King feizeth upon all the £;7f //_//; Ships which traded on the River
of Rourdeaux •, zniihe Englip, to revenge the wron<>., fet out a Fleet
of Thirty fail, all Men of War, commanded by the Earls of j)6«^/M
and Lindfeyy with an intent to fteer for Rockl^ and relieve that Town.
But being encountred with crofs winds, they came back again, and
leave the profecuting of the Adtion to the Duke of BuckMam
Who the next year fets forward with a puifsant Army, confiftin<>* 162-^.
of Ten thoufand men, and wafted over in One hundred and fifty ''
Sail of Ships, all fit for Service. His Defign was for the recoverini
of the Ifle of Rhcy and relieving Rochel. Both which he micrht
have compafsed without any great difficulty, if he had not Joft The
opportanities which he gained at his landing •, pafsed by the Fort of
La Pre,
.,2 €t!e^tftc?YOftiic^?c0i3ltemn0. Lib.xil.
^ ■ ilA-
LA Prf, as not' worth the taking, and fuffcring himfelf to be com-
pltmented out of the ftorming of St. M&rUns^ whtn it was at his
mercy. For the Trench forces entering by the Foitof La Fte, com-
pelled him to an unlafe Retreat, cut off a great part of his Army ,
and fent him back with far lefs Honour then he brought along with
him.
1628. 42. But the Relief of Rochel is not fo given over. A ftrong Fleet
is prepared for the year next following, to be commanded by the
Duke, who gave himfelf more hopes of good Fortune in it then
his Fates affigned him. For being villainoufly {lain at Pertfmcuth,
when he was almoft ready to embarqu ' his Souldiers, the Condudbof
the Adlion is committed to the Earl oi Lmdfcy ^ who very cheerful-
ly and courageoufly undertook the Service. But the French had
blocktup the Haven of Rcchd with Piles and Ramparts, and other
moft ftupendious Worksin the midflof the Ocean, that it was utter-
ly impoflible for the Earl to force his pafsage, though Jie did moft
gallantly attempt it. Which being obferved by thole of Rochely
who were then befieged to Landward by the King in Perfon, and
even reduced unto the laft extremity by Plagues and Famine •, they
prefently fet open their Gates, and without making any Conditions
for their prefervation, fubmitted abfolutely to that Mercy which
they had fcorned fo often in their profperous fortunes. The King
thus Mafter of the Town, difmantleth all their Fortifications, leaves
it quite open both to Sea and Land, commands them to renounce the
Name of Eochel, and to take unto the Town the Name Oi Mary FiHey
or Bourgde Si. Mary. But herein his Command found but fmall com-
pliance -, the Name of Hoc^el ftill remaining, and that of Mary
Vilie, or BcurgdeSt. JlJaty^ almoft as foon forgotten as it had been
given. After which followed the furrendry of N/fmefs, and Mont-
albon-> two impregnable places 5 the firft of which had been re-forti-
fied in thefe laft Commotions. For, What -Town could prefume of
ftanding out againft the King, when Rochd had been forced to fubmit
to Mercy i
43. See now to wh^t a low condition thefe hot Calvinian fpirits
have reduced thvmfelves by their frequent Lifolencies ; how different
their Affairs were at an end of this War from that felicity which
they enjoyed when they firft began it. Before the beginning of the
War, Anno 1620, they were pofsefsed of well near Two hundred
ftrong Towns and Caftles, well fortifTied for their perfonal fafety,
befides many fair Houfes and large Territories which they had in
the Villages, in which their Pleafures and their Profits were alike
confulted^j they flept all of them under their own Vines, and their
own Fig-trees, neither fearing, nor having caufe to fear^rhe leaft di-
fturbance. With thofe of the Catholick Party they were grown fo
intimate by reafon of their frequent inter- marriages with one a-
nother, that in few years tliey might have been incorporated with
them, and made of the fame. Family , though cf different Faiths*
The excrcife of their Religion had been permitted to them fince the
paffmg of the' Edi(^ of Nants 155/5-5 without interruption. And
"''•'- ' that
Lib. XII. Cl^e ^iftm of ti)z ^it^htttvm$, 423
that they might have fatisfai^ion alfo in the Courts of Juftice, Xome
Courts were purpofely ereded for their eafe and benefit, which ch^y
called les chardres de /' Edi£f^ wherein there were as many Judges and
other Officers of their own Perfwafions, as there were of the contrary.
In a word, they lived fo fecure and happy, that they swanted nothing,
to perpetuate their felicities to fucceeding Ages, Hsot Moderation ;in
themfelves. Gratitude to Almighty God, and Good AfFeiilions i towards
their King.
44. Such were the fortunes and fuccefses of the Presbyterians
in the reft of Chriftendom, during the laftten years of the Reign of
King ^amis, and the beginnings of King Charles. By which both
Kings might fee how unfafe they were, if men of fuch Pragmatical
Spirits, and Seditious Principles Ihould get ground upon them. But
King ^times had fo far fupported them in the Belgick Provinces, that
his own Calvinijis prefumed on the like Indulgence •, which promp-
ted them to let nought by his Proclamations, to vilifie his Infiru-
Bions, anddefpife his Meftages. Finally, they madetryalof his pa-
tience alfo, by fetting up one Knight of Broadgates (now called Pem-
broke College) to preach upon the Power of fuch popular Officers as
Calvin thinks to be ordained by Almighty God , for curbing and
reftraining the Power of Kings. In which though Knight himfelf
wascenfured, the Doiflrines folemnly condemned, and execution done
upon a. Book oi PareM^ which had mifguided the nnfortunate and
ignorant man 5 yet the Calvinians moft tenacioufly adhered to their
Mafters tendries, with an intent to bring them into ufe and pradice
when occafion ferved. So that King ^ames with all his Kin^-craft
could find no better way to fupprefs their Infolencies, then by tur-
ning Momtiigiie upon them •, a man of mighty Parts, and an undaun-
ted Spirit , and one who knew as well as any how to difcriminate
the Doftrines of the Church of England from thofe which were
peculiar to the Sed: of Cdvin : By which he galled and craaoeJ
them more then his Popilli Adverfary •, but raifed thereby fo many
Pens againft himfelf, that he might feem to have fucceeded in the
ilateof //w^e/.
45. In this conjundlure of Affairs, King ^ww^y departs this life,
and King C^^r/irj fucceeds 5 who to ingratiate himfelf with this pow-
erful Faction had plunged his Father in a War with the Houfe of
yiit/lria, by which he was brought under the neceflity of callincr Par-
liaments, and gave thofe Parliaments the courage to difpute his'^Adi-
ons. For though they promifed to ftand to him with their Lives
and Fortunes in profecution of that War -, yet when they had enga-
ged him in it, they would not part with any mony to defray-that
Charge, till they had ftripped him of the Richeft Jewels in the Re-
gal Diadem. But he was much more punilhed in the confequence
of his own Example in aiding thofe of Rochel againft their Kin^y,
whereby he trained up his own Subjeds in the School of Rebellion
and taught them to confederate themfelves with the Scots and Dutch,
to feize upon his Forts and Caftles, invade the Patrimony of the
Church, and to make ufe of his Revenue againft himfelf. To fuch
Mis-
4i» C]^^(ffo?^oft]^c|^?fgi)|tman?i. Ub.xii.
Misfortunes many Princes do reduce themfelves, when either they en-
gage themfelves to maintain a Party, or govern not their Anions by
the Rules of Juftice? but are direded by felf-ends, or fwayed by the
corrupt AfFedions of untrufty Minifters. Thefe things I only touch
at here, which I referve for the Materials of another Hiftory, as I do
alfo all the interraediate pafTages in the Reign of King CW« before
the breaking out of the Scetttfi) Tumults, and moft of the preparatives
to the War of England.
the End of the 7»eJfth !Book,
425
AEX^lVs \EVIV1VV S
OR THE
HISTORY
OF THE
Presbyterians.
■ a
L I B. xiir.
Containing
The Infurreiiions of the Presbyterian t^r Puritan FaSlm in the
^alm of Scotland : The Kebelltjns raifed by them in England:
Their horrid Sacrileges^ Murders y Spoils^ and Opines ^inpur^
fmt thereof: Their Innoyations both in DoEirineand Dijcipliae :
And the greats ^ Alteration nude in the Civil Gevernmnt^ from
the Tear 163^ to the Tear 1647, "'^^^^ ^% mre Jlript gf all
Command hy the Independents.
He Presbyterian Scots ^ and the Puritan Englifh^ were
not fo much difcouraged by the ill fuccefles of
their Brethren in France and Germany^ as anima-
ted by the profperons Fortunes of their friends in
Holland. Who by Rebellion were grown Power-
ful , and by Rapine Wealthy •, and by the Re-
putation of their Wealth and Power were able
to avenge themfelves on the oppofite Party. To
I i i whofe
I,
vvbofe felicities, if thofe in England did. afpire, they were to entertain
thofe Counfels, and purfue thofe courfes, by which the others had
attained them: that is to fay. They were by fecret praftiles tOiJimi-
nifh the Kings Power and Greatnefs, todraw the people to depend upon
their Diredions, to diflblve all the Ligaments of the former Govern-
ment i and either call in Foxcin Forces, or form an Army of theit own
to maintain their doings. And this had been thebufiners of the Pu-
ritan F^ion fince the itzih oi JBawroft ; when by tlie retirements of
King James froni all cares of Government, and the connivance or
remiCncfs of Archbilliop >4^^fl/-, the Reins were put into their hands.
Which gave them time and opportunity to grow ftrong in ParliamtntSj
under pretence of (landing for the Subjeds Property, againft the en-
croachments of the Court, and for the prefervation of the true Religi.
on acainft the prai^ifes of xhePapfis. By which two Artifices they
firft weakned the Prerogative Royal to advance their own 5 and by the
diminution of the Kings Authority endeavoured to ered the People,
whom they reprefented. And then they pradlfed to afperfe with the
"Name o{ Faffi all thofe who eitlver joyn not with them in tlieir Sab-
bath Dodrines, or would not captivate their judgments ^unto Cahim
Didates. Their adings in all which particulars, either as Zealots for
the Gofpel in maintaining Cdvimfm , or Patriots for the Common-
wealth in bringing down the Power and Reputation of the two lail
Kin^s-, (hall be at large delivered in the Life of the late Archbiihop.^
and confeqoently may be thought unnecefTa'ry to be here related. And
therefore, pretermitting all their former praftifes, by which their party
was prepared, and the Defign made ready to appear in publick 5 we will
proceed to a Relation of the following paffages, when they had pul-
led off their Difguife, and openly declared themfelves to be ripe for
Adion.
2. The Party in both Kingdoms being grown fo flrong that they
were able to proceed from Counfel unto Execution , there wanted no-
thing but a fair occafionfor putting themfelves into a pofturc of de-
fence , and ftom thatpofture breaking out into open War. But find-
ing no occafion they refolve to make one ; and to begin their firft
Embroilments upon the fending of the new Liturgy and Book
1617. of Canons to the Kirk of Scotland. For though the Scots m
a general Affembly held at Aberdeen, hzii given confent ur\to
the making of a Liturgy fortheufeof that Kirk, and for drawing up
a Book of Canons out of the Adls of their AfTemblies, and fome Ads
of Parliament •, yet when thofe Books were finifiied by the Car# of
King C/&4r/f/, and by his Piety recommended unto ufe and pra«ftice, It
1618. muft be looked on as a violation of their Rights and Liberties- And'
though in another of their Afsemblies, which was held at Perth, they
had paft five Articles for introducing Private Baptlfm, communicating
of thefick, kneeling at the Communion, Epifcopal Confirmation,
and the obferving of fuch ancient Feftivals as belonged immediately
untoChrift: yet when thofe Articles were incorporated in the Com-
mon Prayer Book, they were beheld as Innovations in the v.'or{hIpof
God,and therefore not to be admitted info pure and Reformed a Church
as
Lib. XIII. €^z^iU^v Of m ^it^hftttimik 4sy
as that of Scotland. Thtfe were the Hooks by which they drew #e
people to them, who never look on their Superiors with a greater"'r^J
verence, then when they fee them adlive in the Caufe of Religion ; and
willixig, in appearance, to lofe all which was dear unto them, whereby
they might prefcrve the Gofpel in its native purity. But it was^ ra-
ther Gain then Godlinefs which brought the Great men of the Realtrt
toefpoufe this Quarrel ^ who by the Commiffion of .ywA-r^rW^??/ (of
which more elfewhere) began to fear the lofing of their Tithes and Su-
periorities, to which they could pretend no other title {hen plain afur-^
pation. And on the other fide, it was Ambition and not Zeal which
enflamed theP^-a^ywj-, who had no other way to invade that power
which was conferred upon the Billiops by Divine Inftitucion, and coun-
tenanced by many Ads of Parliament in the Reign of King fames^ then
by embracing that occafion to incenfe the people5to put the whole Na-
tion into tumult, and thereby to compel the Bifliops and the Regular'
Clergy to forfake the Kingdom. So the Geneviam dealt before ^vith
their Biiliop and Clergy, when the Reforming Humour came firft upon
them : and what could they do lefs in Scotland ih^n follow the Example
tof their Mother City f
3. Thefe breakings out in ScotLnd fmoothed the way to the like 'in
EngUnd, from which they had received encouragement, and prefumerf
on Succours. The Efjglifh Puritans had begun with Libelling aoainfV the
Bifhops, as the Scots did againft the King ; For whidh the Autliors and
Abettors had received fomepunifhment 5 butfuch as did rather r^ferve'
them from enfuing mifchiefs, then make them fenfibleof their Crime? *^i7°'
or reclaim them from it. So that upon the coming of the Liturgy And
BookofCanons, the .Sf^/ were put into fuch heat, that they diflurbed
the execution of the one by an open Tumult, and refu fed obedience to
the other by a wilful obftinacy. The King had then a Fleet atSea fuf-
ficiently powerful to have blockt up all the Havens of Scotland^ and by
deftroying that fmall Trade which they had amongft them, to have redu-
ced them abfolutely to his will and pleafure. But they had fo many of
their party in the Council of Scotland^ and had C^ great a confidence in
the Marquefsof i/dW/7^^«, and many friends of both Nations in the
Court of England, that they feared nothing lefs then the Power of the
King, or to be enforced to their obedience in the way of Arms. In
confidence whereof they defpife all his Proclamations, with which
Weapons only heencountred them in their firft Seditions 5 and pub-
lickly protefted againft all Declarations which he fent unto them in
the Streets of Edmlorough. Nothing elfe being done againft them in
the firft year of their Tumults, they caft themfelves into four Tables
for difpatch of bufinefs -, but chiefly for the cementing of their Com-
bination. For which they could not eafily bethink themfelves of a
fpeedier courfe, thento unite the people to them by a Lea^^ue or Cove-
nant. Which to effed it was thought neceflary to renew the old
Confeffion, excogitated in the year 1580, for the abjurincrof the Ty-
ranny and Superftitions of the Church of Romt • fubfcribed firft by
the King and HisHoufhold Servants, and the next year by all the Na-
tives of the Kingdom, as was faid before. And it was ajfo faid before, 1
that (into this Confeffion they adjoined a Band, wtf»;?<? 15^1, for ftand-
Iji2 ma
ing UP'^o one another in defence thereof agalnft all Papifis^ and oer,
ther profeffed Adverfaries of their Religion. Tliis is now made to ferve--
their turn againft the King : For by a ftrange interpretation which was.
put upon it, it was declared, That both the Government of the Church
by Bishops, and the Five Articles of Perth^ the Liturgy, and the
Book of Canons, wereall abjured by that ConfelTion, and the Band
annexed i though the three laft had noexiftency or being in the Kirk,
of Scotlmdi when that Confcffion was firftformed,or the Band fub-'^
joined. .^JjfU t>!jii;i. bo en hnv; -j:; biuoovt?
g 8 4. Thefe Inloiencies might have given the Kmg a juft caufe to arm,'
^ ^ * when they were utterly unprovided of all (uch necefTaries as might
enable them to make the leaftfliow of a weak refiftance. But the
Kin<» deals more gently with them, negotiates for fome fair accord
oftheprefent differences, ^nd fends the Marquel's oi Hamilton as his
Chief Commiifioner for the tranfading of the fame. By whofe foUici-:
tation he revokes the Liturgy and the Book of Canons^ fufpends the Ar-
ticles of Perth, and then refcinds all Ads of Parliament which confir-
med the fame j fubmits the Bilhops to the next General Alfembly, as
their competent Judges-, and thereupon gives intimation of a General
Affcmbly to be held at CUfgow, in which the point of Church Govern-
ment was to be debated, and all his Condefcentions enrolled and rcgi-
ftrsd. And which made moft to their advantage, he caufed the Selemn
ZfrfiTtfefr CflVf^tf^' tobeimpofed on all the Subjcds, and i'ubfcribed by
them. Which ineffed was to legitimate the Rebellion,and countenance
the Combination with the face of Authority. But all this would not
do his bufinefs, though it might do theirs. For they had fo contrived
the matter, that none were chofen to have voices in that A(rembly,but
fuch as were fure unto the fide, fuch as had formerly been under the
Cenfures of the Chnrch for their Inconformity, and had refufed to
acknowledge the Kings Supremacy, or had declared their difaffedi-
ons to Epifcopal Government. And that the Bifhops might have no
encouragement to fit amcngft them, they cite'them to appear as Cri-
minal perfons, Libel againft them inafcandalousand unchriftian man-
ner • and finally, make choice of Henderfon^z Seditious Presbjter, to fit as
Moderator or chief Prefident in it. And though upon the fenfe of their
difobedience the Affembly was again diflolved by the Kings Proclama-
tion , yet they continued, as before in- contempt thereof. In which
Seffion they condemned the Calling of Bifliops, the Articles oi. Perth,
the Liturgy, and the Book of Canons, as inconfiftentwith the Scripture
I and theKirkof 5r<>f/4»i. They proceed next to the rejcding of the five
controverted pointSjWhich they called JrmitJiani[m: and finally decreed
a general fubfcription to be made to thefe Conftitutions. For not con-
forming whereunto the Bilhops and a great part of the Regular Clergy
are expelled the Country, although they had been animated unto that
Kefufai, as well by the Confcience of thfir doty as by his Majefties Pro-
cJa.mation,which required it of them. • :,tb n"; b
; 5.. They could not hope that the Kings" Lenity fo abufed might not
turn to Fury ; and therefore thought it was high time to put thejmfelves
into Arms, to call back moft of their old Sculditrs from the Wars in
CirmmjtZni almoft all their Officers from fuch CcnrimOTds in ihtNether-
; T hndsx
Lib. XIII. Ctiefiftoi^oftli0|^?c?{|)^i^an3}?i)? 4?/
Unds', whom to maintain they intercept the Kings RevemCyZnd. th^c
Reatsofthe Bidiops, and lay great Taxes on the people, taking !ip'
Arms and Ammunition from the States United^, with whom they went on '
Ticket, and long days of payment, for want of ready mony for their fa-
tisfaction. Buc all this had not ferved their turn if the King coald
have been perfwaded to have given them battel, or fuffered any p^rc
of that great Army which he brought againft them to lay. wafte their
Counttey. Whofe tendernefs when they once perceiy.ed, and knew
withall how many friends they had about him, they thought it would
be no hard matter to obtain fuch a Pacification as might fecure them
for the prefent from an abfolute Conqueft, and give them opportuni-
ty to provide better for themfelves in the time to come, upon the repu-;
tation of being able to divert or break fuch a puiflant Army. And fa
it proved in the event. For the King had no fooner retired his Forces
both by Sea and Land, and given his Souldiers a Licenfe to return to
their fcveral Houfes, but the Scots preiently proteft againft all the Arti-
cles of the Pacification, put harder preffures on the Kings Party, then-,
before they fuffered, keep all their Officers inpay 5 by theirMeflengers
and Letters apply themfelves to the Freneh King for fupport and fuc-
cours. By whom encouraged under hand, and openly countenanced by
fome Agents of the Cardinal iJ/VZ/fZ/fw, who then governed all Affairs.
\n France, they enter into fwjj'/^W with a puifsant Army, makin^^ their
way to that Invafionjby fome Printed Pamphlets, which they difpec-
fed into all partSj thereby to colour their Rebellions, and bewitch the
people. . e; -j- 'js:.-.', .- ■
6. And now the £»f////jPm%m-i;7j take the courage to appear more i^ao.
publickly in the defence of the Scots and their proGeedings,then they had
done hitherto. A Parliament had been called on the i ^th of Afril, foe
granting Moneys to maintain the War againft the Scots. But the Com-
mons were fo backward in complying with the Kino-s defires, that he
found himfelf under the neceflicy of difsolving the Parliament, whicfi
' elfehad blafted his Defign, and openly declared in favour of the publick
Enemies. .This puts the difcontented Rabble into fnch a fury, thac
they violently afsaulted Z4;»^e^A-i7(?«y^, but were as valiantly repulfed;
and the next day break open all the Prifons in Southtvark^ znA releafe.
all the Prifoners whom they found committed for their Inconformities,-
Benftead, the Ringleader in thefe Tumults, is apprehended and arraign-
ed,condemned and executed ; the whole proceeding beinf^ grounded
on the Statute of the 2 5 th of King Edwardthe III. for punifhin^ all Trea-
fons and Rebellions againft the King. But that which threatned great- , ?,
er danger to the King and the Church, then either the Arms of the
Scots, or the Tumults in Southwark , was a Petition fent unto the King,
who was then at ro/-^, fubfcribed by fundry Noblemen of the Popular
Faiffion . concluded on the 28?^ of ^«j-«/ 5 carriedbytheLord i^/4Wf-
^'/7, and the Lord Howard o( Efcrigg^ and finally, prefented on the third
of Stftember. In which it was petitioned, amongft other things, That
the prefent War might kcomfofed mtheut lofs of bloud. That A Parliatnefit
fhouldbe forthwith called for redrefs of Grievances, famongft which, fome
pretended Innovations in Religion muft be none of the leaft) and
thaj the Authors and ComfeHors of fuch Grievances as are there comr
plained
430 ci^e ^itm of tlic ^t^^tfmtamr VS-titi-
tUmd */, might be there brought to fuch a Ltgal Tryai^ and receive
fuch condign funijhmertt as their Crimes required. This hafttrned the
Alfembling of the great Council of the Peers at Tork , and put
the King upon the calling of a Parliament of his own accord,
which otherwife might be thought extorted by their importu-
nity.
7. The Scffts^lnthe mean time had put by fuch Engbjh Forces as
lay on the South fide of the Tirte, at the paflage of Nenbom, make them-
felves Mafters oiNemafile, deface the goodly Church of Durham^brln^
all the Countrcys on the North fide of theTees under Contriburi'ni,and
tax the people to all payments at their only pleafure. The Council of
Peers, and a Petition from the Scots, prepare the King to entertain 'a
Treaty with them 5 themanaging whereof was chiefly left unto rhofe'
Lords who had fubfcribed the Petition before remembered. But the
third dzy of No'vember coming on apace, and the Commiflioners Teem-
ing defirous to attend in Parliament, which was to begin on that day,
the Treaty is adjoarned to Lond^fff 5 which gave the Scots a more dange-
rous opportunity to infedi that City, then all their Emiflaries had ob-
tained in the times foregoing. Nor was it long before it openly ap-
peared what great power they had upon their Party in that City 5
which animated Ptnmngto>i^ attended with fome hundreds of inferior
rtote, to tender a Petition to the Houfeof Commons againft the Go-
vernment of Bifliops here by Law eftablifhed. It was affirmed, that
this Petit.ion was fubfcribed by many thoufands ; and it was proba-
ble enough to be fo indeed. But whether it were fo or not, he gave
thereby fuch an occafion to the Houfe of Commons, that they vo-
ted down the Canons which had pafled in the late Convocation,
condemned the Biftiops and Clergy in great fums of Money, which
had fubfcribed to the fame 5 decry the Power of all Provincial or
National Synods, for making any Canons or Conftitutions which
could bind the Subjed, until they were confirmed by an Ad of Par-
liament. And having brought this general terror on the Bifhops afld
Clergy, they impeach the Archbifliop of High Treafon, caufe hrm
to be committed to the Black Rod, and from thence to the Tow-
er. Which being done, fome other of the Bifliops and Clergy
muft be finoled out, informed againft by fcandalous Articles, and
thofe Articles printed without 'any confideration either true or
falfe.
8. And though a Convocation were at that time fitting ; yet to en-
1641. creafe the Miferies of a falling Church, itis permitted thataprivate
Meeting ihould be held in the Deanry of Wefiminfier, to which fome
Orthodox and Conformable Divines were called, as a foil to the reft,
which generally were of ?rw^;'rfr;«j» or P»r//<»« Principles. By them
it was propofed, That nSany paflages in the Liturgy fliould be ex*
pungcd, and others altered to the worfe. That Decency and Reve^
rence in officiating Gods publick Service ftiould be brought within
the compafs of Innovations, That Dodrinal Cahinifm ftiould be en-
tertained in all parts of the Church ^andall their Sabbath Speculati-
ons, though contrary to Cahiffs Judgment, fuperadded to it. But be-
fore any thing ceiild be concluded in thofe weighty matters, the
V.s'.r' Cona-
\
Lib. XIII. ci^ i^idoj? of tt)c ^it^})^ttvimfi. 4^ i
Commons fet their Bill on foot againft Root and ErAmh^ for patting
down all Bifhops and Cathedral Churches ^ which put a period t6
that Meeting without doing .anything. And though the Bill, upon i
full debate thereon amongft the Peers, was caft oat of that Hotife,
and was not by the courfe of Parliaments to be offered again ; yet con-
trary to all former Cuftom it was preft from one time to another,
till in the end they gained the point which they fo much aimed at.
Hereupon followed fome Petitions from the Univerfities in favour of ■
Cathedral aufi Collegiate Churches, without which Learning muft
be deftitute of its chief encouragements ^ and fome Petitions from
whole Counties, in behalf of Epifcopacy, without which there was
like to be no prefervative againft Scfts and Herefie's. But nothing
was more memorable then the inter- pleadings in the Houfe of Com-
mons between Dr. ^ohn Backer^ one of the Prebendaries of St. Pai^lsy
and Archdeacon of Bedford -, and Dr. Cornelius Barges, a right doubty
Difputant 5 but better skilled in drawing down his Myrmidons, thea
in muftering Arguments : the iflue of whofe Plea was this. That though
Cathedrals were Urmecejjarj, and the ^uire-tncn [ca'idalsiM-s -^yet, that their
Lands could not be alientited unto private fir[ons without guilt ef Saeri-
lege,
9. But little did this edifie with the Leading part in the Houfe of
Commons, who were refolved topradice on the Church by little and
little, and at the laft to play at Sweep Stake and take all together.
Firfl: therefore they began with taking down the Star Chamber, and
the High Commiflfion, without which Courts the Subjeds cbuld not
eafily be kept in order, nor the Church from Faction. And in tht
A(ft for taking down the Court of the High Commiflion a daufe is
cunningly inlerted, which plainly took away all Coercive Power
which had been veftedintheBiQiops and their Under-Olficers, difa-
bling thtm from impofing any pain or penalty ; and confequently
from inflifting all Church Cenlures on notorious finners. Their Ja-
rifdiiflion being thus gone, it was not likely that their Lands fhould ftay
Jong behind; chough in good manners it was thought convenient to
ftrip them firft from having any place or fuffrage in the Houfe of Peersi
And when they once wc^re rendered ufelcfs to the Church and State,
the Lands would follow of themfelves without any great trouble. And
that they might attain the end which they ^o much aimed at, Sur-
ges draws down his Myrmidons to the Doors of the Parliament, and
teacheth them to cry No Eifiops, NaBrjhopy with their wonted violence.
By which confufed Rabble fome indignities and affronts are very
frequently put upon them, either in keeping them oif from landing if
they came by water,or offering violence to their perfons,if they came by
land. Which multiplied Injuries gavcfuch juftcaufeof fear and trou-
ble, thatthey withdrew themfelves from the Houfe of Peers, but fent
withal a l>rotefi:.tton to preferve their Rights : In which it was decla.-
red, That all Jffs made, or to be made in the time of their ahfence, confidiriiig-
their abfence was inforccd, not voluntary, jhould be refuted void andfmU to
all intents andpurpofes t» the Law rvhatfrever. This Protejlatio'n being ten-
dred in the Houfe of Peers, communicated to the Houfe of Commons^
and the fuppofed offence extreamly aggravated by the Lord Keeper £;V-
t let on,
^3» C^e f i(to?t Of tl^e t^jepbtteri'an0. Lib.xiit
//£f<?», the Biftiops are impeached of Treafon, nine of them feiu Prifo-
ners to the Tower, and two committed to the cuftody of the Gentleman
Ujlier.
*^-,'i&. And there we leave them for a while, to look into the Fortunes
of' the publick Liturgy -, not like to ftand when both the Scots and
EHglip Presbyterians did confpire againft it. The Fame whereof had
eith'tr caufed ir totally to be laid afide, or performed by halfs in all the
Counties where the Scots Wtre of ftrength and power ; and not much
better executed in feme Churches of London., wherein^that Fa(5lion
did as much predominate, as if it had been under the protection of a
Scottijb Army. But the firft great interruption which was made at
the officiating of the publick Liturgy, was made upon a Day of Hu-
miliation, when all the Members of the Houfe of Commons were af-
fembled together at St. Margarets in Wefiiminfier. At w hat time as the
Prieft beoan the fecond Service at the Holy Table, fome of the Puritans
or Presbyterians hegSin a. Pfalm -, and were therein followed by the relt
In folouda Tune, that the Minifter was thereby forced to deiifl: from
his duty, and leave the Preacher to perform ths reil oi that days So-
lemnity. This gave encouragement enough to the reft of that Party
to fet as little by the Liturgy in the Country, as they did in the
City ', efpecially in all fuch ufages and rights thereof, as they were
pleafed to bring within the compafs oi Innovations. But they were
more encouraged to it, by an Order of the Lower Ho le bearing date
onthe tthoi Sepember^ Anno^ 1641. By which all Church Wardens
were required in their feveral Pari(hes to remove the Holy Table from
theEaftend of the Chancel to any other part of the Church , to
take away the Rales before it, and not to fuffer any Tapers, Candle-
fticks, or Bafons, to be placed upon it. Icwas required alfo by the
fame, Thatthereihould be no bowing at the Name of Jefus, nor a-
doration toward the Eaft, nor any reverence ufed in mens approaches
to the Holy Table. And by the fame, all Dancing, and other lawful
Recreations, were prohibited on their Lords day Sabbath, after the du-
ties of the day 5 and Catechifing turned into Afternoon Sermons, di-^
redly contrary to His Majefties Declarations and Inftrudions given in
that behalf. And though the Lords refufcd to joyn with them in that
Vote, andfent them back unto an Order of the \6th of January, by
which they had confirmed and enjoined the ufe of the Liturgy ^ yet Pym
commands the Order to be put in execution by a Warrant under his
own hand only, and that too during the Jiecefs, when almoft all the
Lords and Commons had retired themfelves to their feveral dwel-
lings.
II. Hereupon followed iuch an alteration in all Churches and
Chapels, that the Church Wardens pulled down more in a week or
two, then all the Bifliops and Clergy had been able to raife in two
weeks of years. And hereupon there followed fuch irreverences in
(pods publick Service, and fuch a difcontinuence of it in too many pla-
ces, that His Majeity was compelled to give new life to it by his Pro-
clamation of the tenth of December 5 and taking order in the fame for
funijhing aU the wilful Contemners and Diprhers of it. But this Procla-
mation being publifliedin that point of time, in which the Commons
were
Lib. XIII. c]^ f tao?r Of t^e Pt£^\)ttztiami
were intent on the War of Ireland, and the Puritans as much bu=
lied in blowing the Trumpet of Sedition in the Kingdom of Eng-
land T, it only fliewed the Kings good meaning, with his want of
Power. In which conjundure happened the Impeachment and Im-
prifonment of Eleven of the Bilhops : Which made that Bench fo
thin, and the King fo weak, that on the 6th oi Fcbntary the Lords
confented to the taking away of their Votes in Parliament. The
News whereof was folemnized in moft places? of London with Bells
and Bonfires. Nothing remained, but that the King fliould pafs it in-
fo Ad by his Royal Auent, by fome unhappy Inftriiment extorted
from him when he was at Canterbury-^ and fignified by his MefTage
to the Houfes on the fourteenth of that moneth. Which Conde-
fcention wrought fo much unquietnefs to his Mind and Confci-
ence, and fo much unfecurenefs to his Perfon for the reft of his Life,
that he could fcarce truly boaft of one days Felicity, till God
was pleafed to put a final period to his Griefs and Sorrows. Fot
in relation to the laft, we find that the next Vote which pafled in
Parliament deprived h.\x^ oi Wis Negative Vwce, and put the whole Jl//-
litia of the Kingdom into the hands of the Houfes. Which was the
firft beginning of his following Miferies. And looking on him in
the firft, he will not fpare to let us know in one of his Prayers, That
the injury n^hich he had done to the BiJho(>s of England did oi much ^rate up-
on his Confcie;ice, as either the fermitting of a wrong way of Worfhip to bs
fet Hp tn Scotland , or (uffering innocent blond to be Jhed under colour of
Jufiice.
12. For fo it was, that fome of th'e prevailing Members in the'
Houfe of Commons, confidering how faithfully and effedually the
Scots had ferved them, not only voted a Gratuity of Three hun-
dred thoufand pounds of good Englifh Money to be freely given
them, but kept their Array in a conftant and continual Pay for
Nine moneths together. And by the terror of that Army they for-
ced the King to pafs the Bill for Trienial Parliaments, and to per-
petuate the prefent Seflion at the will of the Houfes -, to give con-
fent for Murthering the Earl of Strafford with the Sword of Ju-
ftice, and fuffering the Archbi(hop of Canterbury to be banifhed
from him 5 to fling away the Star Chamber, and the High Com-
miflion, and the Coercive Power of Bifliops 5 to part with all his
right to Tonnage and Poundage, to Ship mony, and the Ad for
Knighthood 5 atid by retrenching the Perambulation of his Fo-
refts and Chafes, to leave his Game to the deftrudion of each
Bore or Peafant, And by the terror of this Army they took upon
them to engage all the Subjeds of the Kingdom in a Proteftation ;
firft hammered on the third oi May, in order to the condemnation
of the ^zx\o^ Stafford^ for maintainance of the Privileges and RkhtS
of Parliament, itanding to one another in purfuance of it, and
bringing all perfons to condign punilhment who were fufpedei
to oppofe them. Encouraged alfo by the fame , they took upon
them an Authority of voting down the Churches Power in making
Kkk of
434 ^^ l^iftojf Of ti^c ^tt»h^titiam Lib.xiii
of Canons, condemning all theMenxbers of the late Convocadonj
calumniating many of the Bifliops and Clergy in raoft odious man-
ner and vexing fome of them to the Grave, And they would
have done the like to the Church it felf, in pulling down the
Biftiops and Cathedral Churches , and taking to thcmfelves all
their Lands and Houfes, if by the Conftancy and Courage of
theHoufe of Peers they had not failed of their Defign. But at the
laft the King prevailed fo far with the Scots Commilfioners, that they
were willing to retire and withdraw their Forces, upon his Promife to
confirm the Ads of the AfTembly at cUfgow^ and reach out luch a
Hand of Favour unto all that Nation, as might eftare them in a hap-
pinefs above their hopes. On this aflurance they march homewards,
and He foUoweth after. Where he confents to the abolilliing of Bi-
ftiops, and alienating all their Lands by Ad of Parliament ^ fuppref-
feth by like Ads the Liturgy, and the Book of Canons, and the five
Articles of Perth 5 rewards the chief Adors in the late Rebellioa,wirh
Titles, Offices, and Honours •, and parts with fo much of His Royal Pre-
rogative to content the Subjeds, that He left Hirafelf nothing of a King
but the empty Name. And tofura upthe whole in brief. In one hour He
unravelled all that excellent Web, the weaving whereof had took up
more then forty years, and coil His Father and Himfelf fo much Pains
and Treafure.
13. By this indulgence to the Scots .^ the Irifl) Pafifis are invited to ex-
peft the like, and to exped it in the fame way which the Scots had tra-
velled ; that is to fay, by feizing on His Forts and Caftles, putting
themfelves into the Body of an Army, and forcing many of His good
Proteftant Subjeds to forfake the Kingdom. The Motives which in-
duced them to it, their opportunities for putting it in execution, and
the mifcarriage of the Plot, I might here relate, but that I am to keep
my felf to the i'rfj^^«fr/4;sj, as dangerous Enemies to the King and the
Church of England as the Irijh Pafifts. For fo it happened, thai His
Majefty was informed ai His being in Scotland^ That the 5ce?j had nei-
ther took up Arms nor invaded EiigUnd^ but that they were encoura-
ged to it by fome Members of the Houfes of Parliament, on a defign to
change the Government both of Church and State. In which he was
confirmed by the Remenfirame of the fiate of the Kingdom^ prefented to
Him by the Commons as his firft coming back 5 the forcible attempt
for breaking into the Abby of Weflfnmfler ; the concourfe of fedi-
tious people to the Dores of the Parliament , crying out , that
they would have no Bifiops nor Popijh Lords 5 and their tumultua-
ting in a fearful manner, even at Whtte HaH Gates, where they cry-
cd out with far more horror to the Hearers , That the King was
net veonh'j to^ live : that they would have no Porters Lodge between Him
and them : and. That the Prince would Govern, better. Hereupon
certain Members of both Houfes , that is to fay, the Lord Ktm-
belton of the Upper 5 Hollis ^ and Haflerig^ Hampden^ Pjm^ and
S/rW, of the Lower Houfc, are impeached of Treafon, a Ser-
jeant fent to apprehend them, and command given for fealing up
their Trunks and Clofets.
14. But
Lib. XIII. c^ Btftoi^ Of t^c i^?c0l3^ten^nif; 43 ^
14. But on the contrary the Commons did pretend and declared dc-
cordingly, That no Member of theirs was to be impeached, arrefted
or brought unto a Legal Tryal, but by the Order of that Houfe 5 and
that the italing up of their Trunks or Clofets was a breach of Pri-:
viledge. And chereup:)nit was refolved on Monday^ ^an. 3. be^no the
day of the Impeachment, That if any persons whatfoever fhould come to the
Lodgings of any Member of the Houfe, orfeize upon their ferfons^ that then
fuch Members fhould requtre the ard of the Conflable to keep fuch PerfoKS in
fafe cuflodf till the Houfe gave further Order. And it wJts then refolved al-
fo, 7 hat tf any pafon whatfoever fhould offer to arrefi or detain the Perfofi
if any Member of the.r Houfe.^ without firfl acquainting the Houfe therewith.,
and receiving further Order from th^ Houfe ; that then it (kould be lawful,
for fuch Member, or any pcrfon^ to reffi him, and to fl and upon his or their
guard of defence -J andto makerefiflance accordingto the Proteflation taken to
defend the "inbaties of Parliament. This brings the King on Tuefday mor-
ning to the Commons Houfe, attended only by his Guard, andfomefew
Gentlemen, no other wife weaponed then with Sftvords ; where havin*
placed himfelf in the Speakers Chair, He required them todeliverthe
Impeached Members to the Aands of Juftice^ But they had notice of
HisPurpofe, and had retired into ic»^(7« as their fafeft Sanduary^ to
which the whole Houfe is .adjourned alfo, and fits in the GuildHaU as
a Grand Committee. The next day brings the King to the City alfo 5
wherein a Speech to the Lord Mayor and Common Council He fig-
nified theReafons of his going to the Houfe of Commons •, That He
had no intent of proceeding othernife again fi the Members, then in away of Le-
gal Tryal •, and thereupon de fired, That they might not he harboured and pro-
tected in defpite of Law. For anfwer whereunto He is encountred withf
an infolentand fawcy Speech, made by one fowk,a. Member of the Com-
mon Council, corcerning the Impeached Members, and the Kings
proceedings •, and followed in the Str'eets by the Rafcal Rabble ^ by
Tome of which a Virulent and Seditious Pamphlet, entituled, Every
manto his Tents, 0 ifrael ; is caft into His Coach 5 and nothing foun-
ded in His Ears, but Privileges of Parliament , Privileges of Parlia-
ment, with moft horrible^ out-cries. The fame night puts them in-
to Arms, with great fear and tumult, upon a rumour that the King
and the Cavaliers (for fo they called fuch Officers of the late Army
as attended on him for their Pay) had a defign to fack the City,
who were then fleeping in their beds, and little dreamed of any
fuch Seditious pradlifes as were then on foot for the enflaming of the
people.
■15. And now comes CalvinsTyo^nnQ for reftraining the Power of
Kings to be put in praftife. His Majefties going to the Houfe of Com-
mons on the 4^^ of 5frf». is voted for fo high a breach of their Rights and
Priviledges, as was not to be falved by any RetraCiation or Difclaimer, or
any thing by him alledged in excufe thereof. The Members are brought
down I^ triumph both by Land and Water, guarded with Pikes and
Proteftations to their feveral Hoafes •, and the forfaken King neceffi-
tated to retire to Windfor, that he might not be an eyewitnefs of his
own difgraces. The Lord D/f^j^goes to Kingftone in a Coach with
K k k 2 firf
436 ^^^ pftojt Of tl)c t^jcjib^teriansi. Libxiii-
fix HovfeSj to beftow a vifit upon CoUonel Lmdsforci, znd fome other
.Gentlemen ; each Horfe is reckoned for a Troop, and thtfc Troops
faid to have appeared in a warlike manner. Which was enough to
caufe the prevailing party of the Lords and Commons to declare againft
it J and by their Order of the i^thof^amary to give command, That 4ll
the sheriffs of the Kuigdeni, afsified by the ^ufiiccs and Tnintd Bandi of the
Coumryjhuld take care to fuffrefs all unlawful AJserrMies., andtofecurethe
Magdzines of their fever al Counties. The Kings Attorney muft be cal-
led in queftion, examined, and endangered, for doing his duty in the
impeachment of their Members, that no man might hereafter dare
to obey the King* And though His Majefty had fent them a mod Gra-
cious Meffageof the 20//&of ^4«/M7, in which Hepromifedthem to e-
qualor e>i;cecdAU A£lsof Favour which any ofhisPredecefsors had extended
to the People of England 5 yet nothing could fecurc thenufjom their
fears and jealoufies, unlels the Trained bands, and the R^yaHNavy, the
Tower of London^ and the reft of the Forts and Caftles, were put in-
to fuch hands as they njight confide in. On this the King demurrs a
while 5 but having Shipped the Queen for Holland, with the Prin>
cefs Mary^ and got the Prince inco his Power, he denies it utter^
ly. And this denial is reputed a fufficient realbn to take the Mi-
litia to themfelves, and execute the Powqrs thereof without his con-
Cent.
\6. Bat leaving them to their own Councils, he removes to Tork^
^^4** affembleth the Gentry of that County, acquaints them with the rea-
fons of His comine thither, and defires them not to be feduced by fuch
falfe reports as had been raifed to the diflionour of his Perfon, and
difgrace of his Government. By their advice he makes a journey
unto HuU:, in which he had laid up a confiderable Magazine of Canon,
Arms, and Ammunition 5 intended firft againft the Scots^ and after-
wards defigned for the War of Ireland ; but now to be made ufe of in
his own defence. And poffibly He might have gotit intohis pofftf-
fion, if he had kept his own Counfel, and had not let fome words fall
from him in a Declaration, which betrayed his purpofe. For hereup-
oi\ Hotham, a Member of their Houfe, and one of the two Knights for
the County of Tork^ is fent to Garrifon the Town ^ who moft audaci-
oufly refufed to give him entrance (though he was then accompanied
with no more then his private Guards) and for io doing is applauded
and indempnified by the reft of the Members. This fends him back
acrainto Tork^ and there hemeets asgreat a Baffle as he did at Hull.
For there he is encountred with anew Committee from the Houfe of
Commons, confifting of Ferdinand Lord Fairfax, Sir Henry chohnnly^
Sir Hugh cholmnly^zndSiVt Philif Stafleton-^ fent thither on purpofe to
ferveas Spies upon hisadions, to undermine all his proceedings, and
to infinu^tt into the people, that all their hopes of peace and h'appinefs
depended on their adhering totheprefent Parliament. And they ap-
plied themfelves to their Inftrudtions with fuch open Confidence, that
the King had not more meetings with the Gentry of that County in
/ his Palace called the Mannor-houfe, then they had with the Yeoman-
ry and Freeholders in the great Hall of the Deanry. All which the
King fuffered very ftrangely, and thereby robbed himfelf of the op-
portunity
porcunkyof raifing an Army in that County, wich which he mlg,hc
have marched to tendon^ took the Hen fitting on her Neli before ilie
had hatched, and poflibly prevented all thofe'Calamities which after
followed.
17. iiut CO proceed, during thefe counter-workings betwixt them
and the King, the Lords and Commons plied him with continual
Meflagesfor his return unto the Houfes •, and did as frequently endea-
vour to poflefs the people with their Remonrtrances and Declarations
to his diiadvantage. To each of which His Majefty returned a fif^-
nificant Anfwer, fo handfomly apparelled, and comprehendinc^ in them
fuch a ftrengthof Reafon, as gave great fatisfaftion to all equal and
unbyafled men. None of thefe Melsages more remarkable then that
which brought the Nineteen Propofitions to his Majefties hands : In
which it was dtfired. That aU the Lords of his Majejlies Council, all the great
officers both ef Court and Slate-, the two chief ^J^ufikes., arid the chief Bar on
of the Exchcdiuer-^fiould be from thenceforth nominated and apprcved by both
Houfes of Parliament. That all the great J fairs of the Ktrtgdom fho'idd be
m.anaged by thcm^ even unto the naming of a. Govemour for his Afajefties
children^ and for difpofmgthem tn Marriage^ at the will of the Houfes. That no
Fcpijh Lord {as long as he continued fuch) flwuld vote in Parliament. And a-
mongft many other things of like importance. That he would give con-
fent to fuch a Reformation of church Government and Liturgy as both the
Houfes jlould advife. But he knew well enough, thattoorant all this
was plainly to divert himfclf of all Regal Power which God had
put into his hand?. And therefore he returned fuch an anfwer to them
as the necelfity of his Affairs, compared with thofe impudent demaiids
did fuggcfl unto him. But as for their Demand about Reformation,
he had anfwered it in part before they made it, by ordering- a CoUedion
of fundry Petitions prefented to himfelf and botii Houfes of Parlia-
ment, in bthalf of Epifcop^icy, and for the prefervation of the Litur-
gy, to be printed and publiihcd. By which Petitions it appeared
that there was no fuch general difaflfcdion in the Subje(5tS5 unto either
of them, (whether they Avere within che power of the Hou- •
fcs, or beyond their reachj as by the Fadion was pretended -, the
total number of Subfcribcrs unto feven of them only ( the reft
not being calculated in the faid CoUe^ion) amounting to Four hun-
dred eighty two Lords and Knights, One thoufand feven hundred
and forty Efquires and Gentlemen of Note, Six hundred thirty
one Dociors and Divines , and no fewer then Forty four thou-
fand five hundred fifty nine Free- holders of good name and
note.
1^. And nowthe Warbegins to open. The Gentlemen of Torkfhirt
being fenfible of that great affront which had been offered to His Ma-
jcfly attheGates of Hull •, and no lefs fenfible of thofe dangers which
were threarned to him by fo ill a Neighbourhood, offered themfelves
to be a Guard unto hh, perfon. The Houfes of Parliament upon the
apprehcnfion of fome fears andjealoufies had took aGuard unto them-
felves in December laft •, but they conceived the King had fo much in-,
nocence that he needed none: and therefore his accepting of this Guard
of Gentlemen is voted for a levying of War againft the Parliament,
and
^^3 Cijel^ifto?^ of t^t ^ie0t¥tenan0. Lib. xiii.
and Forces rauftbe raifed in defence thereof. It hapnedalfo that fome
Members of the Houfe of Commons, many of his Domcftick Ser-
vants and not a few of <he Nobility and great men of the Realm, re-
paired from feveral places to the King at Terk^ fo far from being willing
to involve themfelves in other mens fins, that they declared the conftan-
- cy of theiradhefionto his Majeflies fervice. Thefe men they branded
firftby the Name of ii/d%«4«fi, and after looked upon them in the
notion of evil Counfellors •, for whofe removing from the King, they
pretend to arm, (bat now the flalc device muft be taken up) as well as
in their own defence. Towards the raifing of which Army the Fres-
hiteria-n Preachers fobcftir themfelves, that the wealthy Citizens fend
in their Plate, the zealous Sifters rob'd themfelves of their Bodkins and
Thimbles, and fome poor Wives c ail in their Wedding Rings, .like
the Widows Mite, to advance the Service. Befides which they fet
forth Inftrudious, difperfed into all parts of the Realm, for bring-
ing in of Horfes, Arms, Place, Mony, Jewels, to be repayed again on
the Fublick Faith •, appoint their Treafurers for the War ^ and no-
minate the Earl oiEfsex for their chief Commander, whom fome dif-^
graces from the Court had made wholly theirs. Him they commif^
iionate to bring the King from his Ewl Counjellors^ with power to
kill and flay all fuch as oppofed them in it. And that he might per-
form the Service with abetter Confcience, they laid faft hold on an
Advantage which the King had given them, who in his Declaration
of the \6thof ^une, either by fome incogitancy, or the flip of his Pen,
had put himfelf into the number of the Three Eftates ; for thereup-
on it was inferred, That the Two Houfes were co-ordinate with him
in the Publick Government 5 and being co-ordinate, might a£t any
thino without his confent, efpecially in cafe of his refufal to Go-
operate with them, or to conform to their defiies. Upon which
oround, both to encreafe their Party, and abufe the people, (who
ftill held the Name of King in feme veneration) the War is managed
in the Name of Kin^ and Parliament^ as if both equally concerned in
the Fortunes of it. It was alio Preached and Printed by the Presby-
terians to the (s-mee^cA-, {is Buchamn, and Knox^ Calvin and fome o-
thersof theSedhad before delivered) That all Fewer tva Originally in
the people of a State or Nation -,. in Kings no otherrvije then by Delegation, or
by way of Truji •, which Truft might he recalled when the People pleaded. That
when the underived Majejiy (as they loved to phrafe it) of the Common
People was by their 'voluntary a[i tramfcrred on the Supreme Magijlrate,
it relied on that Magiftrate no otherwise then cumulative ^ but privative
hy no means ^ in reference unto them that gave it. Thm though the King was
Major iingulis, yet he was Minor univerfis 5 Superior only unto any one 5
but far inferior to the whole Body of the People. That the King had no par-
ticular property inhis Latsds^Eents., Ships., jdrms^Tcwers or Cajlles •, which
being of a publick nature.^ helorgid as much to the people as they did to him.
That It WAS lawful for the Sub')t£is to reftjl ihcir Princes, even by force of
Arms, and to raife Jrmtesalfoif need reqnired^for the prefervation of Re-
ligion and the common Liberties. And finally, (for what elfe can fol-
low fuch dangerous premifesc") That Kings being only the f worn officers
of the Commonwealth^ they might be called to m accour-t-, an^-ipioujlndwc^?
Lib. XIII. c^e f ifto?r of tf^t ^imtUvim^, 43^,
of Mde-Adminifiratioriy even to Imfnfynment, Defofttion^ and to Death tt [elL
ifUvpfulljconviii-edofit. Bur that which ferved their turns beft» was
a new diftiiKftion which they had coined between the Perfonalznd loit-
//<r4/ capacity of theSupremeMagiftrate ; alleging that the King was
prefent with the Houfes of Parliament in his i'^////<:4/capacity,thoDc^h
in hisPerfonaUt York. That they might fi'ght againft the King In
his Perfend capacity^ though not in his Politick ■ and confequently might
deftroy ch.irles Stuart.^ without hurting the King. This was good Pres-
hperianDoCtunQ^ but not fo edifying at rork as it was z.x.Wefiminfier,
For his Maj;;fty finding a neceflicy to defend Charles Stuart, i( he defi-
red to fave the King, began to entertain fuch Forces as repaired un-
to him, and put himfelf into a pofture of defence againft all his Ad-
verfaries.
ip. In rorkflnrc he was countermined, and prevailed but little, not
having above Two thoufand men when he left that County. At
Nottingham he fets up his Standard-^ which by an unexpe<5),ed Tempeft
was blown down to the ground, and looked on as a fad prefage of
his following Fortunes. PafTing thorough Staffordshire he trained
fome fmall cncreafe to hislitclc Party, but never could attain unto the
reputation of an Army till he came to Shrewsbury -, to which oreac
multitudes flocked unto him out of Wales and che[hire, and fome of
the adjoining Countreys. Encouraged with which fupplyes, and fur-
nifhed as well by the Queen from HoUand^z.%\,y the Countrey Mat^azines
with Cannoii, Arms and Ammunition, he refolves for London., qives the
firftbruili unto his Enemies at Poickvitzx W?rff/?fr, and routs them to-
tally at P.dge hill\wx\\t County of Warmck. This battel was fought on
Sunday thez^do^ 0^ojher,Jnnoi6/[2y being a juft twelve moneths from
the breaking out of the Irifh Rehellion : this being more dangerous then
that, becaufe th- Kings Peilbn was here aimed at more then any other.
For fo it was, that by corrupting one Blake, (once an Engh/h Fa(f^or,but
afterwards employed as an Agent from the King of Morocco) theywete
informed from time to time of the Kings proceedings 5 and more par-
ticularly in what part of the Army he refolved to be, which made them
aim with the greater diligence and fury at fo fair a Mark. But theKin^r
being Mafter of the Field, poffeft of the dead Bodies, and withal of the
Spoil of fome of the Carriages, difcovered by fome Letters this moft dan-
gerous pradtife. For v/hich, that wretched Fellow was condemned by a
Courtof War, and afterwards hanged upon the Bough of an Oak not
far from Aldington.
20. In the mean time the King goes forward, takes BanBury both
Town and Caftle, in the fight of the Enemy, and eaters triumphantly
into oxon, (which they had deferred to his hands) with no fewer then fix
fcore Colours of thevanquifiicd Party. But either he ftayed there too-
long, or made fo many halts in his way, that Ej?ex with his flying
Army had recovered London before the King was come to Colebrook.
There he received a Meflage for an Accommodation, made ineffedual
bythe Fight at Brentford on the next day after. Out of which Town
he beat two of their ciioicefl: Regiments, funk many pieces of Cannon,
and much Ammunition, put many of them to the Sword in the heat of
the Fight, and took about Five hundred Prifoners for a tafte of his
Mercy,
340 C]^cl^ifto?¥ Of ti^e m^^^V^tmm, Lib. xiil
Mercy. For knowing well how miferably they had been m if-guided,
he fpared their Lives, and gave them liberty on no other conditions, but
only the taking of their Oaths not to ferve againft him. But the Hou-
fes of Parlieraeut being loth to lofefo many good men, appoinctdMr.
Stephen Mar jhill^ (a principal Zealot at that time in the Caufc of Preshy-
tery)to call them together, and to abfolve them from that Oath:VVhich
he performed with fo much Confidence and Authority, that the Pope
himfelf could fcarce have done it with the like. The ntxt day being
Sitnday^znA the i ^th oi Nev. he prepares for London^ but is advertifed of
a flop at Turnham GreeHy two miles from Brer.tjcrd ; where bcth the re-
mainders of the Army under the Earl of £^fA;, and the Auxiliaries of
London under the Condudof the Earl of W'^/iwc^, were in areadinels
to receive him. On this Intelligence it was refolved, on mature deli-
beration in the Council of War, That he lliould not hazard that vi-
ctorious Army by a frefli encounter, in which if he fhould lofe the day,
it would be utterly impoffible for him to repair that ruine. Accor-
dingly he leads his Array over Ki^gjlon- Bridge^ leaves a third part c*" it in
the Town oi Readings and with the reft takes up his Winter Quanersin
the City of Oxon. ■
21. But long he had not been at Oxonvfben he received fome Pro-
politions from the Houfcs of Parliament, which by the temper and com-
plexion of them might rather feem to have proceeded frcrn a conquer-
. ing then a lofing fide. One to be fure muft be in favour of Preshytery
or elfe Stephen Marjhalls ze3.\ had been ill regarded. And in relation to
Preshytery it was thus defired -, that is to fay, That his Majejly would ^ive
eenfent to a Bill for the utter abolijlung and taieir^g away of all Archbijliofs^
JBiJhoPs, thetr Chancellors and Commi^anes^ Deans , Suhdeans , Deans and
chapters^ Archdeacons-^ Canons^ and Prebendaries^ anda/I Chamters^ chan-
cellors, Treafurers, Snbtreafurers, Succenters , and Sacrifis, and nil Vicars
choral and Cherijlers.y old Ficars and new Vicars of any Cathedral or Collegiate
church, and all other their Under- officers, out of the Church , of Englz^d,
And that being done, that he would confent to another Bill for conful-
tation to be had with Godly, Religious, and Learned Divines, and then
to fettle the Church Government in fuchaway, as upon confultation
with the faid Divines Ihould be concluded and agreed on by both Hou-
fes of Parliament. A Treaty howfoeverdid enfue upon thfife Propo-
fitions , but it came to nothing : the Commiflioners for the Houfes be-
ing fo flraitned in point of time, and tyed up fo precifely to the Inftru-
ftions of their Mafters, that they could yield to nothing which condu-
ced to the Publick peace. Nor was the North or South, more quiet
then the reft of the Kingdom : For in the North the Fadion of the
Houfes was grown ftrong and prevalent, commanded by Ferdinand Lord
Fairfax^ who had pofleft himfelf of fome ftrong Towns and Caftles 5
for maintainance whereof he had fupplies from /f«//upon all occafions.
The care of Tork had been committed by the King to the Earl of Cum-
berknd-, znd Newcaflle was then newly Garrifoned by the Earl thereof;
whofe Forces being joined tothofe of the Earl o{ Cttmberlaid, gave Fair-
fax fo much work, and came offfo gallantly, that in the end both Par-
ties came to an accord , and were refolved to ftand as Neutrals
in the Quarrel, Which coming to the kncwleree of the Houfes of
Par-
Lib. XIII. c^e f^mo^v of tlit%t&\)ttztim}&, .^
441
Parliament, they found fome PreshyierUn Trick to cJifTorve that Con-
tract, though ratified by all the Obligations both of Honour and Con-
fcience. ,^ " :
' 12. But Jn the SdutH the Kings Affairs went generally ' IVo'nl bad
toSvorfe 5 PortfmoHth in Hamfjhire declared for hifn vviien he was at Tork-
but being befieged, and not fupplied either with Men, AnnSjOr Vi(ilu-
als, as had been promifed and agreed on, it wasfurrendred by Col. Go-
rmg, timthen Governour of it, upon Capitulation. iVo^/<?,!«a Neioh-
bouring titntleman of a fair Eftate, was one of the firfl that Hiewed
hifnfelf in Arms againft itforthe Houfes of Parliament, and one that
held it out to the very laft. For which good Service he was afterward
made a Colonel of Hbrfe, Governour of Southampton, and one of the
Committee for Portjmeutb^ after the Government of that Town had
been taken it om yu Willi. ttn Lewis ^ on whom it was conferred at the
firft furrendry. A Party of the Kings commanded by the Lord Vif-
count Graf^difo/i, was followed fo clofely at the heels by ^roivtt and
Hurrej:, two mercenary Scots in the pay of the Houfes, that he was for-
ced to put himfelf into Wimhefter Caftle 5 whef^' having neither vi(5iu-
alsforaday, nor Ammunition for an hour, it was fome favour to his -
Souldiers to be taken to Mercy. Butwhatfo'ever Mercy was expreft to
them, the poor Town found but little, and the Church much lefs 5 the
Town being miferably plundered for no other reafon, but that they were
not able to keep Grand'fon out, had they been fo minded. Which though
~ was fufficient to impoveriih a more Wealthy City^ yet Waller had two
- -'^s more at it in the courfe of the War, 10 the undoing of fome Fami-
' rs;, and the f{toil of others. But it was nlore defaced by Oj-Zr about
-'-!!5jc ye^rs after, in burning down fome Houfes about the Caftle 5 biic
'".ojI: of ail by pulling down the Bifhops Palace, the Deanry, and no
fewer thien eight Prebends Houfes, fold by the Presbyterians.^ to make mo-
ny of the Lead and Timber, the Iron, Glafs and Stones, which made up
thofe Edifice's.
23. Butfor the Church, though it was not the firft Example of thefr
Reformation, according to the practice of the HHgomt French., the Scot-
ti& and the Belgick Zealots 5 yet fared it worfe in fome refpeds then the
oTIier Cathedrals, becaufc it fell unto the Scots (commanding fome Sco-
tiz'mgEti^Hjh) to do execution. For thty not only broke the Organs irf >
pieces, iind defaced the Carved Work, of the Quire, containing the
ftoryofthe Old and New Teftament, in moft excellent Imagery •, but
threw down the Communion Table, and broke down the Rails (which
they burnt afterwards in an Alehoufej and ftrewed the Pavements of
the Quire with the torn leaves and Fragments of the Common prayer
Books. Next, they proceeded to the fpoiling of the Tombs and Mo-
numents, eredted to tne memory of fome eminent Prelates, which
had been formerly both an Ornament and an Honour to it 5 as namely"
that of Cardinal Beaufort^z principal Benefador to the Church and Hof-
pital of St. Crofs., neighbouring near untothe City -, and ihzt o( WiSiat^
Wainflet, the magnificent and fole Founder of Magdalen College ,'in
Oxon. And whereas the "Remainders of the Bodies of fome Saxc^ Kings^
and many Bilhops of th.ofc times, had been gathered into feveral Leadeo
Chefts by Birtiop Foa?; who lived and flourifhed in the laft times of
LI I King
442 Cl^e ^ifto?¥ of tl^ ptt^titttimp* Ub. xiii
King Henry the VII. the barbarous Souldiers Sacrilegioufly threvf dowft
thofe Chefts,fcattered the dufl remaining of their Bodies, befofe ih^,
wind, and threw their bones about the Pavements of the Church. They
breakdown as many of the Glafs Windows as they could reach with
Swords and Pikes 5 and at the reft they threw the Bones of the dead
Kings, or (hoc them down with their Mufiquets -, the fpoiljofiwhich win-
dows could notbe repaired for one thoufand pounds. After all.this, they
feize upon the Communion Plate, the Surplices of the Priefts and Qg^ire
men, all the; rich Hangings and largeCufliions of Velvet,and the coftly
Pulpit clothes. Tome of which were of Cloth of Silver, and others of
Gold. And finding two Brazen Statua's of King ^awes and King ch^rles:>
at the fir ft entrance of the Quire, they brake off the two Swords which
were placed by their fides, and with their own, mangled the Crown up-
on the head of King Charles^ fwearing in fcorri, 7'hat thej woMdbripg htm
hack again to his Houfes of Parliament.
24. This hapned upon T/'«r/i4)r the fifteenth o{ December-^ ai,id the
fame moniei h proved as calamitous to the Church of Chicheficr-^ which
City had rt'ceived fon3e Souldiers of His Majefties Party, who either
were too fev/ to keep it, or found it not tenable enough to make any re-
fiftance. jPF4 //f/- prelents himfelf before it, and without any great dif-
pute, becomesMafterof it ^ by which the Town got little, and the
Chtirch loft f nore. For upon Innocents day^ the Souldiers forcibly break
into it, where they, feize upon the Ve/lments and Ornanients of the
Church, together w.ith the Confecrated Plate ferying for the Altar,
notleaving fbmuchas a Cufhion for the Pulpit, or a Chalice for the
blefled Sacrament, E'ut this rich fpoil being commkted by the Marfhal
and otheiT Officers, the . reft was left unto the hands ancJ weapons of the
common Souldiers, wl \o with their Pplc axes did not only break down
the Organs, but cut in pi "eces the Communion Table, wixh the Rail be-
fore it. They defaced r.he two Tables of the Law at the E.aft end of the
Quire,for fear they fliould. ^ifeupagainft tiicm in the Day o.f Judgmdit;
moft-miferably made havoc '^ o^ ^^''^ HijQiory of tha^t Churcbes Founda-
tion, which they found on ti ^i^e one fide of the South crofs Ifle., pourtray-
ed in Artificial manner, wi th the Statues of the Kingsof .H«j"/4»</ 5
and coming to the Portraiture t ''f King Edrvardthe V Kthey pickt'd out W^
eyes, faying in fcorn. That allt. ^t^ff^ifchief came from him^Jn€flabiifi}iKgtbk
Book ofCommm Prayer. Which t, 'lat it might not be officiated as infor-
mer times, they break open all tk ° Chsfts and Cupboards in which the
Qnire-menhadlaidup their Singii ig' Books, Coimmon Prayer l^ooks.
Gowns and Surplices -, ftrewing the ' Pi^veroenrs of the Church wi^th the
Lea ves of the Books, but turning the' G&\'Jvns and Surplices into ready
mony. To all which Ads of Sacrilegiious Spoil :and Rapine, as Waller
gave fome countenance by his perfo^nal prci *ence-, and in that fomewhac.
*£f piSfn worfethen .Nero "^ as the ftorytells us: So Hah Vig-j^ave much more by his
S'^fiJ^f' ^^*^^ ^"^ ^ <aions: For forcing his way into t ^^ <0^haper Mottfe, he did noc
Tacitfin vk/' ^^^^ Command the Souldiers to break down th ^ Wainfcot, but feized on
A«ric all the rich Pi'ate which belonged to the Churc ^- ^^'^ v/hcn it was de^-
red that theywould i'eave one Chalice only for t ^^ ^^^ °^ ^^^ SacramcDtj
anfwer was mofJ- proph.nnely made by one of the ^^"^^^ ^^^ whichNati-
on thetwoHoufcs had Oira ployed too manv) Th ^^ ^^'^J ^'g^^ffrve th
turn.
Lib. XIII. ci^e Wo^p of tfte ^i^$f)tttymm. 443
turfi xvith a Wooden D;(h. Nor were forae Presbyterian Zealots ini the City
oi Exeter more favourable to their own Cathedrals, then the rude Soul-
diers were to this 5 where being incenfed by fome of their Seditious
PreacherSjtheyafted over all thofe outrages of Spoil and Rapine,which •
•'have been formerly rccitedj and added to them fuch prodigious and un-
heard Irreverences, by turning the Church into a Jakes, andleavin^
their filth on and about the holy Altar, as fills me with Religious horror
•at the thinking of it* '^
■■ -25. But their firft Furies in this kind brake out in the Cathedral
'Church of Cmterhury-, and that of Rochefier^ under the condudl and com.-
mand of Colonel Sandys^ one of the Natives of that Comty 5 who ta-
king fome Forces with him to make fureof Canterbury ,cimt thither in
the end of Auguft'j, and having got the Keys of the Cathedral into \\\i
pofieifion, gave a free entrance to the Rabble which attended on him-
'fotcing their way into the Quire, they overthrew the Communion Ta^
' ble,core the Velvet Cloth whichthey found about ic,defaced the good-
ly Screen or Tabernacle work, violated the Monuments. of "the dead,
fpOiled the Organs, brake down the ancient Rails and Seats, with the
btazen Eagle which did fupport the Bible, forced open the Cupboards
of the Singing- men, rent fome of their Surplices, Gowns, and Bibles,
& carried away others,mangle J all the Service Books,& Books of Com-
mon Prayer, beftrewing the whole Pavement with the Leaves thereof,'
They alloexercifed their raadnefs on the Arras Hangings which adorncd-
the Qiiire, reprefenting the whole ftory of our Saviour. And meeting
with fome of his Figures amongft the reft, fome of them fwore that
they would ftab him, and others that they would rip up his bowels :
which they did accordingly, fo far forth at the leaft as thofe figures in'
the Arras Hanging could be capable of it. And finding another Statua.
of Chrift placed in the Frontifpiece of the South Gate there, they dif-
chargedForty Musquets at it,exceedingly triumphing when they hit him
in the Head or Face. And it is thought they would have fallen upon
the Fabrick, if at the humble fuit of the Mayor and Citizens they had
not been reftrained by their principal Officers. Lefsfpoil was madcat
Rochefter, though too much in that, their Follies being chiefly exercifed
in tearing the Book of Common Prayer, and breaking down the Rails
before the Altar. Seatonz Scet^ and one of fome command in the Army
afterwards, took fome difpleafure at the Organs, but his hands were
tyed •, whether it were that Sandys repented of the Outrages which were
done at Cmterbury^ or elfe afraid o^giving more fcandal and joffence to
the ire»//ft Gentry, I am not able 10 determine. Butfureitis, that he
enjoyed but little comfort in thefe firft beginnings, receiving his deaths
wound about three weeks after in the fight nea* Vomck 5 of which with-
in few weeks more he dyed at Worcefier. ...-.■,,. ,. , ., 1 .
26. Bnt I am weary of reciting fuch Spoils and Ravages 'as Were not'^
aded by the Gotbs in the fack of Rome. And on that fcore I (hall not take
upon me to relate the Fortunes of the prefent War, which changed and
varied in the Weft, as in other places, till the Battel of Stratton; in which
Sir Ralph Hepton, with an handful of his gallant C(?r«//i, raifed by the re-
putation of Sir Bevil Greenvile and Sir Nicholas Slaining, gave fuch
a general defeat to the Weftern Rebels, as opened him the way to-
L 11 a wards
444 "^^ f ifto^f. 9^ tl^^ i^je0bttertan0. Lib.xiii-
wardsOx^»withfmalloppofition, Twice troubled in his March by
Waller orown famous by his t3.kingo( Malmshry, and telkvingGhi*-
cf/?«-, but fo defeated in a fight at Homdrvay DotPff, {Eun away Down the
Souldiers called it) that he was forced to flye to London for a new re-
cruit. Let it fufiice, that the King loft if£<i^/»^ in the Spring, received
the Queen triumphantly into Oxon within a few weeks after, by whom he
■was fupplied with fuch a confiderable ftock of Arms and other Neccfla-
riesjasputhimintoaconditiontopurfuethe War. This Summer makes
himMafter of the Northand Weft 5 the North being wholly cleared
of the Enemies Forces, bu,t fuch as feemed to be iraprifonedin the Town
of HhU. And having loft the Cities oiBrifioUnd Ex;o!fyno Towns of con-
fequence in the Weft remained firm unto them, but Pool, Lime and Ply-
mouth : fothat the Leading Members were upon the point of forfaking
the Kingdom, and had fo done (as it was generally reported and averred
for certain) if the King had not been diverted from his march to London
upon a confidence of bringing the ftrong City oi Glecejler to the like
fubmiflion. This gave them time to breathe a little , and to advife up-
on fome courfe for their prefervation 5 and co courfe was found fitter
for them then to invite the Scots to their aid and fuccoiir, whofe aujity
they had lately purchafed at fo dear a rate. Hereupon Jrmn and
fome others are difpatched for Scotland •, where they applied themfelves
fo dextroufly to that proud and rebellious people, that they confented
atthelaft to all things which had been defired. But they confented
on fuch terms as gave them an aflurance of One hundred th^oufand
pounds iaxeady mony 5 the Army to be kept both with Pay and Plun*
der 5 the chief Promoters of the Service to be rewarded with the Lands
and Houfes of the Englijh Biihops, and their Commiffioners 5 to have as
oreat an influence in all Councils both of Peace and War as the Lords
&
and Commons.
27. But that which proved the ftrongeft temptation to engage them
in it, was an affurance of reducing the Church of England to an ex-
ad conformity, in Government and Forms of Worlliip, to the Kirk of
ScdtUnd; and gratifying their Revenge and Malice, by profecuting the
Archbiftiop of Canterbury to the end of his Tragedy. For compafling
•which Ends a Solemn League and Covenant is agreed between them 5
firft taken and fubfcribed to by the Scots themfelves, and afterwards by
all the Members in both Houfes of Parliament •, as alfo by the princi-
pal Officers of the Army, all the Divines of the Alfembly, almoft all
thofe which lived within the Lines o£ Communication, and in the end
by all the Subjects which either were within their power, or made fob-
jeft to it. Now by this Covenant the Party was tobind himfelf, a-
monoft other things, firft, That he would endeavour in his place and calling
tovreferve the Reformed Religion in Scotland, in Dofirine, Difcipline, and
Government : That he would endeavour in like manner the Reformation of Re-
ligion in the Kingdoms 0/ England and Ireland, according to the Word of
Cod, and the example of the befl Reformed Churches •, but more particularly to
bring the churches of God in all the thre^ Kingdoms to the nearefl conjanSiion
and uniformity in Religion, Confeffion of Faith, Form of Church Government,
and Dir4<aory for Wor^np andCatechifng. Secoadly, That without refpeil
fif perfons they would endeavour to extirpate Popery and Prelacy-, that is tofay^
church
Lib. XIII. C]^e i^ifto?^ of t]^ m^^^ttmam, 445
ChurchCovernmem hj ArMiPwfs^theirChanceUors & Commtfjairs^Deans Deans
and Chapters, Archdeacons ^ and all other Ecclefiafiical officers depending on it.
^,pd thirdly. That he would endeavour the discover -j effuch as have ken or
pall he Incendiaries^ Malignant s^ and evil Infirttments^ either in hindering the
Reformation of Religion^ or irt dividing between the King and his feofle^ &c.
Pfhom theyfJ)0uld bring tv condign Pumjhment before the Supream judicatories of
either Kingdom, as their offence sjhould deferve. Of which three Artides
the two nrft tended to the fetting up of their dear Presbyteries 5 the lafl:
UQtotheprofccucionof the late Archbifliop, whom they confidered as
their greateft and m oft mortal Enemy.
28. The terror of this Covenant, and the fevcre penalty impofed on
thofe which did refufe it, compelled great numbers of the Clergy to
forfake their Benetices,and to betake themfelves to fuch Townsand Gar-
rifonsas were kept under the command of his Majeftles Forces -, whofe
vacant places werein partfupplied by fuch Presbyterians , who formerly
had lived as Ledurers-or Trencher Chaplains, or elfe beftowed upon
fuch Zealots as flocked {xovsxScotUndzrxA Nerv England^ like Vulture^
and other Birds of Rapine, to feek after the prey. But findin<^ the
deferted Benefices not proportionable to fo great a multitude, they com-
pelled many of the Clergy to forfake their Houfes, that fo they might
avoid imprifonment or fome worfe calamity. Othersthey fent to fcve-
ralGaoIs, orlliut them upin Ships whom they expofed to ftorms and
tern pefts, and all the mileries which a wild Sea could give to a lan?ui-
fhing ftomach. And f9me again they fequeftered under colour of fcan-
dal, imputing to them fuch notorious and enormous Crimes, as would
have rendered them uncapable of Life, as well as Livings, if they had
been proved. But that which added the moft weight to thefe Opprcf-
fions, was the publifliing of a malicious and unchriftian Pamphlet^ en-
tituled, Thefrfi Century of Scandalous and Malignant Priejlsi which, whe-
ther it were more odious in the fight of God, or more difgraceful to the
ChurchjOrofFcnfiveto allfoberand religious men, it is hard to fay.
And as it feems the fcandal of it was fo great, that the Publifher there-
of, though otherwifeof a fiery and implacable nature, defifted from the
putting forth of a Second Century^ though he had promifed it in the Firff,
and was inclinable enough to have kept his word. Inftruilions had been
fentbefore to all Counties in England, for bringing in fuch Informati-
ons againft their Minifters as might f\ibjeft them to the danger of a De-
privation. But the times were not then fo apt for mifchief, as to ferve
their turns, which made them fall upon thefe wretched and unchriftian
courfesto effeft their purpofe. By means whereof they purged the
Church of almoft all Canonical and Orthodox men. The greatnefs of
which defolation in all the parts of the Kingdom may be computed by
the havock which they made in London^ and the Parifhes thereunto ad-
joining, according as it is prefentedin the Bill of Mortality hereunto
fubjoincd.
25>. -rf
34^
Cl^ef ifio^t of tt)e |^?c?ii3iPterian?.
Lib. .XIII
29. A General Bill of Mortality of the Clcrgi of London, wh.ch have been
DtfmHh reafon of the Comagious Breath of the Sc£i Arks of that City.,
1 frotn the year 1^41 to the year 1647 : rviththefcveralC/ijualtiesofthe
fame. Or, A Brief Martyrology and Catalogue of the Learned^Grwve-iRe-
Jmofts, and Painful Mn:tfiers of the City of London, rvho have ken im-
' trifened, plundered, and barharoufly ufed-, and dtfnved of all Livelihood
for therfifelves and their Families ^ for their con(lancy to the Proteftanc
Religion eftablifhed in this Kingdom^ and their Loyalty to their Sove-
raign.
T He Cathedral Church of S.
Paul, the Dean, Refiden-
tiaries, and other Mem-
bers of that Church, fequeftered,
plundered, and turned out.
Sr. Allans Woodfireet^ Dr. Wats fe-
queftered, plundered, his Wife
andChildren turned out of doors,
himfelf forced toflye.
Alhallows Barking, Dr. Layfield 'per-
fecuted, iraprifoned in Ely houfe^
and the Ships, fequeftered and
plundered i afterwards forced to
flye.
Alhallotvs Breadflreet — — — —
Alhallows Great —— — — 1— -
AlhaUows Honey lane; __-—
Alhallows Lefs ■-
AlhaUrws Lumbar dflreet, Mr. Weflon
fequeftered.
AlhaUorps Stainings — —.«_.»„.——-
Alhallorvs the Wall — — — — .——
Alfhage, Dr. Halfie {hamefuUy abu-
fed, his Cap pulled off to fee if
he were not a (haven Prieft, vo-
ted out J and forced to flye : dead
with grief.
Andrew Hubbard, Dr. Chambers fe-
queftered.
Andrew Under (haft, \. Mr. Mafon
through vexation forced to re-
fign. 2.Mr. Pr;V^4r-5? after that
fequeftered.
Andrew Wardrche, Dr. jfaacfen fe-
queftered.
Ann Alderfgate, Dr. Clewet feque-
ftered.
Ann Black Fryars " — — — —
Antholin's Parifli-
Auflins Parilhj Mr.Wdfrf/ fequeftered,
his Bed- rid Wife turned out of
doors, and left in the ftreets.-
Barthol Exchange, Dr. Grant feque-
ftered.
Bennet Fink, Mr. War f eld feque-
ftered.
Bennet Grace-church, Mr. Cuelch fe-
queftered.
Benr.et PaulsWharf, Mr. Adams fe-
queftered.
Bennet Shere-heg, Mr. Morgan dead
with grief.
Botolph BiUingfgate, Mr. King feque-
ftered and forced to flye.
Chrifls church . turned out
and dead.
Chriflofhers, Mr. Hat^flow.
clement Eaficheap-, Mr, ^/o^efliame-
fully abufed, fequeftered, fent
Prifoner to Plymouth, and plun-
dered.
Bionyfe Back, church, M r. Humes fe-
queftered and abufed;
. Dunfians Eajl, Dr. chiderly reviled,
I abufed, and dead.
Edmonds Lembardjlreet, Mr. Paget,
molcfted, filenced,and dead.
Ethelborough, Mr. Clark, fequeftered
and imprifoned.
Faiths, Dr. Brown, fequeftered and
dead.
Fofiers , Mr. Batty fequeftered,
plundered, forced to flye , and
dead.
Gabriel Fenchurch, Mr. Cook feque-
ftered.
George Sotolfhlane — — ■-■ ■■ i-
Gregories by Pauls —
HeUtns, Mr. Milkr turned out and
dead ^ames
Lib. XIII.
Ci^e f iftoir of ti^e ^mf)tt£um&.
447t-
^(tmes Dukeflacej Mr rt:T:rrr— """"
fequeftered.
^ames Carlickhithe, Mr. Freeman
plundered and fequeftered, and
Mr. Affthffy turned out.
Jehif Baftifii Mr. Wecn^Jly fequefte-
red.' ^^^,~i-\\ V.»3\t^'Vl •
^ohn Evangelifi ;:; ■
John Zach^ry, Mr. Edljn fequefte-
red, forced to fly, and plunde-
red.
Katherme Cdemit/i, Dr. HtU^znd Mr.
Mibbuts fgqueftered,
Katherine Creahiirch^ Mr. Ru\h tur-
ned out;.
Luarence ^ttrjy Mr. Lane fequefte-
red.
Laurence Poutney — — ■ —
Leonard Eajkheap-, Mr. Calf forced
to give up to Mr. Roborow^Sctlh^
to the Affembly-
LiOnard Fcfier lane, Mr. Ward for-
ced to flye, plundered, fequefte-
red, and dead for want of lie-
cefTaries.
Margaret Lothhury^ Mr, Tabor plun-
dered, imprifoned in the Kings
Bench, his Wife and Children
turned out of doors at midnight,
and himfelf fequeftered.
Margaret Mofes ^
Margaret Nerv-Fifhjlreet , Mr. Pory
forced tofJye, plundered and fe-
queftered.
Margaret Pattons, Mr. Megs' plunde-
red, imprifoned in Ely-houfe, and
fequeftered.
Mary Abchurch, Mr. Stone plunde-
red, fent Prifoner bySea to Ply-
mouth, and fequeftered,
Mary Aldermanbury s-
Mary Aldermary.Mr.BrOwn forced to
for fake it.
Mary le Eova, Mr. Leech fequeftered
and dead with grief.
Mary Bothow, Mr„ Pro6ior forced to
flye, and fequeftered.
Mary Cokchurch
Mary Hill^ i. Dr. Baker fequeftered,
purfivanted, and imprifoned, 2.
Mr. Woodcock turned our,and for-
ced to flye.
Akry Momtb,am Mr. Thrall feque«
ftered, and fljamcfully abufed, '
Mary Sommerfet^ Mr, Cook feque-.
.ftered. A,'.:
Mary Stainings /,
AdaryWoolchftrth, Mr. Tiremanfof
cedtoforfakeit.
MaryWoolnothy Mr. Shute molefted
and vext to death, and denied a
Funeral- Sermon to be preached
by Dr. Holdfmrth, as he defi-
red.
Martins Ironmonger lane, Mr. Spark
fequeftered and plundered. ?v.\^
Martins Ludgate, Dr. Jer»ii^^_,(^q^e.
ftered. tA-i' .-i? ; "■.■■,t •.•.■■.:;.'-■,
Martins Orgars, Dr. Walton aJOTauic-
ed, fequeftered, plundered, and
forced to flye.
Martins Outrvichi Dr. Pierce^ feque-^
ftered and dead.
Martins Vintry^ Dr. Ryvss feque- '
ftered, plundered, and iorceiixo
Matthew Friday fireety Mr. Cheftlirt
violently affaulted in his Houfe,
imprifoned in the Counter,
thence fent to Colchefter Gaol
in E([ex^ fequeftered and plun-
dered.
Maudlins Milliftreet^ Mr, ^qnes fe^
queftered. -.'yaofjp
Maudlins old Fjfh Street^ Dr. Grjf^
fith, fequeftered, plundered, im-
prifoned in Nervgate^zndi when iec
out, forced to flye.
Michael Bajfifha'w. Dr. CyfordCequei
ftered-
Michael Cor nhiS, Dr. ^/•tfwf)^, feque-
ftered , plundered. Wife and
Children turned out of doors,
and his Wife dead with grief.
But Mr. Weld his Curate, aflaul.-
ted, beaten in the Church and
turned out,
Michael Crooked lane •*-^
Michael ^eenhithe, Mr. Hiil^ feque-
ftered.
Michael-
448
'^\^t1^mm of t^e?&nJ$l3ftewan0.
Lib. XIII
Michael ^rn, Mt, Ldunce feque- 1 Walls, befides St. P4«r/fj dated Sji
ftered, dead i 6.
Michael Eoyal, Mr. Proffor fequeftc- ; _
red, and forced to flye
Jidichid Woodjlreet — • — -.-— ^-^-^ ■
Mildred Breadfireet, Mr. Bradpjmk-
queftered.
Mildred Poultry i Mr. Maden feqijefte-
red and gone beyond Sea. ' '"-'
Nicholas Acons^yit. Bemet feqjiefte- 1
• jped.-
Nicholas ColeAbhj:, Mt. Chibbald fe-
qaeftered. ■•.. v;«\Vi,o.. • .;
Nicholas olaves. Dr. Chelhire mole-
■'>■ fted,ahd forced to refign.
eU'ves Hartjlreet^ Mr. Haines feque-
ftered.
oUves ^urjy Mr. Tuke fequeftered,
plundered, and iniiprifoned.
oUvesSilver-ftreet^ Dr. Boohe abu-
fedj and dead with grief.
Pawrafs Soper-lane, Mr.Eccof feque-
ftered, plundered, and forced to
flye, his Wife and Children tur-
ned out of doors.
Peters cheap, Mr. Fotier fequeftered>
and dead wieh grief* ';'"^''''''"
Peters Cornhill, Dr. Fairfax feque-
ftered, plundered, imprifoned in
Ely-houje^and the Ships,his Wife
and Children turned out of
doors.
Peters Pauls Wharfs Mr. Marburj fe-
queftered.
Peters Poor^ Dr. ffoldfmrth fequefte-
red, plundered, and imprifoned
in Ely Houfe, then in the Tower.
Stephens Colentanftreet ■ •—
Stephens Walbrook.D . Heml through
vexation forced to forfake it, fe-
queftered out of all, and fled, di-
vers fince turned out. >i • 'i
Stvtthens, Mr. omn fequeftered.
r homos' Apofik^ Mr. C<?^fr feque-
ftered and plundered, fent prifo-
ner to Zf ^^^ Cajlle in Kent,
Trinity Parifh, Mr. Harrifon dead
with grief. ■: -\V, .'.r'-''.
In the 5>7 Pariflies within the
Parijhes mthmt the Walls.
<?
Andrew Holhorn, Dr. Hacket feque-
ftered.
Bartholomew Great ^Dx.WeftJield abu-
fed in the ftreets, fequeftered,
forced to flye, and dead.
Bartholomew Lefs ^
Brides Parifh, Mr. Palmer fequefte-
red.
Bridewell Precinct, Mr. 5rw;? turned
out.
Botelph Alderfgate^tAi. Booth feque-
ftered.
Botolph Aldgate, Mr. Swadltn feqae^
ftered, plundered, imprifoned at
Grejham CcUedge and Newgate, his
Wife and Children turned out
of doors.
Botelph Bifhopfgate, Mr. Bogers fe-
queftered,
Dunfians Wefi, Dr. March fequefte-
: red, and dead in remote partj,
George Southwark, Mr. Cook feque-
ftered.
Giles Cripp legate. Dr. FnUer feque-
ftered, plundered,and imprifoned
at Ely Houfe : and Mr. Hatton his
Curateaftaulted in the Church,
and imprifoned,
Olaves Southwark, Dr. Turner feque-
ftered plundered , fetched up
Prifoner with a Troop of Sol-
diers, and afterwards forced to
flye.
^^viours Southwark
Sep^lchers Pari(h, Jl/r. Pigot the Le-
cturer turned out.
Thomas Southwark, Mr. Spencer fe-
queftered and imprifoned.
Trinity MiKOries • — —
In the 15. PariftiCS without the
Walls, outed 14^ and 2 dead.
l/t
Lib.XIII
Clje i^tftojf of tl^e W^^ttviam,
449
In the Ten oftt.Panfhes.
Clement Danes, Dr. Dukefen feque-
ftered, and forced to f lye.
Covent Garden^ Mr. Hall kquctteredy
and forced to f!ye.
Giles i» the Fields, Dr. Heyrvood fe-
queftered, imprifoned in the
Coumer, Ely Houje, and the fhips,
forced to flye , his Wife and
Children turned out of doors.
J'ames Clerkenwell
Katherine Tower •
Leoriiird Shorehitch, Mr. Squire fe-
queftered, imprifoned in Gre\\um-
Collcge, Newgate, and t!ie Kings
Bench, his Wife and Children
plundered and turned out of
doors.
Miirtins in the Fields, Dr. Bray fe-
quefteredjimprifoned, plundered,
forced to flye, and dead in re-
mote parts.
Mary Whitech^Jfpel, Dr. ^ohnfon fe-
queftered.
Magdalen Bermofidfey, Dr. Paskek-
queftered.
Safoy, Dr. Balcantjual fequeftered,
plundered, forced to flye, and
dead in remote parts, and Mr.
Fuuer forced to flye.
In the ten out Pariflies, outed p.
dead two.
In I he adjacent Towns.
The Dean and Prebends of the
Abby- Church of We(imtn(l-er
(but only mr. Lambert Osbkon\
fequeftered. ^ '
Margarets Wejimmfter, Dr. Wimber.
ly lequefteredj
Lambeth, Dr.' Featly fequeftered,
plundered, imprifoned, and dead'
a prifoner.
NewiKgton, Mr. HeAth fequeftered.
tiackney, Mr. Moor fequeftered. .-. ••
Rederif . ^ ^ _'
Jjlifigton, Divers turned out.
Stepriey, Dr. Stamf fequeftered,
plundered, and forced to flye.
In the adjacent Towns, befides
thofe of the Abby-Church, and
//w^/o;?, outed 7, dead i.
The total of the Min'ifiers of London, within this Bill of"}
Mortality, befides Pauls /z»^Weftminfter, turned outyn':,
of their Livings -" — ■ — ■ «»>j
Whereof Doctors in Divinity above — — — - — — — aq^
mofi of them plundered of their Goods ^ their Wives and Children
turned out of doors. v
Imprifoned in London, and in the Ships and in feveral)
Gaols andCaftles in the C'otmtrey — ■ — . \ ^
Fled to prevent lwpri[onment ■ — — -. . ^5.
Dead in remote parts and Prifons with grief — ■^-, . — —32.
■^fid at the fame time about forty Churches void, having no con ft ant Mi-
nifter in them.
Ufque quo Domine, Rev. 6, 1.
Mm m
30 By
45<
Clic^tfto?^ Of t^c ^^ejib^tertan^. Lib. xiii.
20- By this fad Bill coniiued whlnn the Lifies cf Cifrmufiicauon^ and
fome Villages ad joining, we may conjedure at the greatnefs of tha.tMor-
talm which, fell amongft the Regular Clergy in all partsof the King-
dom, by rlunderwg^ Sequejlcring^ and E]c[twg-^ or finally, by vexing
them into their Graves, by fo many Miferies as wereinflidedon thtm,
intheShips, or their feveral Prifons, In all which ways, more men
were outed of their Livings by the Preshperians inthelpace of Three
years, then were deprived by the Papifls in the Reign of Qjeen Mary ;
or had been fdenced^^fujfended^ or deprived by all the Bifhops, from the
firft year of Queen Elizabeth, to thefe very times. And that it might
be done with fome colour of Juftice, they inftituted a Committee for
Plundered Miniflers, under pretence of making fome provifion for fuch
<^odly Preachers as had either fufFered lofs of Goods by His Majefties
Souldiers, or lofs of livings for adhering to the Houfes. of Parliament.
Under which ftiles they brought in aconfufed Rabble of their own per-
fwafions, or fuch atltafl as were moftlikely to beferviceable to their
ends and parpofes ^ fome of which had no Goods, and moft of them no
livings at all to lofe. But the truth was, they durft not truft the Pul-
pits to the Regular Clergy ; who if they had offended againft the
Laws, by the fame laws they ought to have been tryed, condemned,
and deprived accordingly; that fo the Patrons might prefent more de-
ferving perfonsto thc'vacant Churches. But then this could not Hand
with" the main Defign : For poflibly the Patrons might prefent fuch
Clarks as would go on in the old way, and could not be admitted but
by taking the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance to our Lard the
KincT, andby fubfcribing to the Difcipline and Dodrine of the Church
of En^land^ which they were then refolved to alter. Or, could they
have prevailed fo far with the feveral Patrons, as to prefent thofe very
men whom they had deiigned unto the Profits of the Sequeftered Be-
nefices •, yet then they were to have enjoyed them for term of Life,
and might pretend a legal Right and Title to them, which would have
cut off that dependance on the Houfes of Parliament, which this de-
fign did chiefly aim at. So that the beftot this new Clergy were but
Tenants at Will, and therefore muft be fervile- and obfequious to their
mighty Landlords,- upon whofe pleafure they depended for their pre-
fent livelihood.
31. Such were the Mifchiefs of this year. For remedy whereof.
His Majefty moft gracioufly publi(hed two Proclamations, one of them,
bearing date the 157^ of i\/4j •, and the other on the pth of Oc7ol>er. In
the firft of which. His Majefty fakes efpecial notice. That many of the
clergy, no lefs eminent for their Learning then their Zed and Piety, were ei-
ther driven or forced from their habitations, or ftlenccd, or difcharged from at-
tending on their Cures : That they fujf ere d thefe offreffionsfor no other reafons,
but hecaufe they fublift^ed his legal andjufi Commands, or had refnfed to pray
againft Him, or to fuhrnit againfi their Confctcnces, to illegal Taxes for the
centinua.Kceofthe War '^ or were conformable to the Book of Common Prayer,
or freacht Cods Word according 0 t^e purity cf it^ tvithcut any mixture
of Sedition 1, That being for thefe Crimes difcharged cf their feveral Cures,
others were put mo their Places to few Sedition, and feduce His Maje-
flies Coed Subjeils frem their due obedience , contrary to the Word of
God,
LJb. XIII. 'Wf^Z pdinp Of tU^$t^li^tcmtt0,':'
45'i
altjiichcourfis be forborn feri^ktlme toyoh^. '^''''■Thaf ail Hjs^dod Sub\(^j
for '-the present fetfifri^ their-fph^ anJ^paft^tmh t^fl/^^flncnmjitm^
ITrtheir Fartnirsmiy. That 4 he Ghkreh wJUe^} Side Men^ ''HYid'oiher ■ 'f^i^.
imers_P)allrcfifl aU^frch pirfons-'^s-ha'Ve beetf; (>r''-lhii[l be^imffMH int'd'£it^bf
the Cures af or efdtdi' but^that^thif'fho'uld ccfifB^ihie Pheif^B}^' afflJixrlcg-hWi
htvful MmijicrSy for the receivi^' and ■ '^€^^0^ of •ffr^^ ^6l?h('s and^ '^Vh??.
mth m in]mjciion-to aU Sheriffs}^ 'MkfOrs'^B^/ifhe^ l^/»^//^^^l^re' tk
bt- aiding to iUm;.' andte rejlfi bjforce of ArW Mfuch'^s Jhi^lJ^ eHdeiW^'^
"ttfiurb them in their !atvfulfo(}<i0ens. But- l)i_is-'ferve'i^ father 'for S '-jy't^
claradon of'^fiisMajelties-'Piety, thenanfHekaWp?e(?'P'FtipPcJ;veP.^ ''''Pbl
ftotwithftandi4ig^ all this Gare5 his faifMul Subje(a^'''6^itlfiy Cfet trV-^l
all fares of die- Realm, were plundered, lequeiier&aj'^aW ejedet'W
the-Grime of ■Loyalty 5 f^m-e^of them_ never be?ng'Seftbre<J, arfd-"o^
th^ri iTioft linjlritl'y kept from their E^aRs?tiir'thij-pr^ft Vear'j^W
<;- 32; III th'^OE'her-Pro^latffadpn hefc)r^id^^'the-tenffff:ji^^Bi'' tafei;'of
tlie Covtn.1ntU>d[brerem^n^b^ed. WlritlVProclafnttf-bfi being '■{l^lrt^
bat^ftill of fuli(ft.wicf,' iMlb'e VetitL-d in^his 'Majefl:iesow^ncAvbrds,whi(ff5^
are lifii thcfe that fO'ltow.- 'Ofl^verc.p {idh]fht)^t^ereh]r^fM}'dJ*ap&V0'^^
ordered bf thd Commons in Parliaments on the 21 of Sept^mBW'"/^/?, 'io'^e^
frtntcd and fubli(hed. ' Which Co'vendnt^ though it feems tomakc foiiiefpatti'd?^
cxfrejjionsof Pieij and Religion, -fef in trttth nothing elfe "biit' a ^Tf^aitefoui' ^ iik^
Seditious CmSiridtionagainfifHyand againfl the eJiabliJhed-^J^effgidnand'Lajy)
of the Kingdom^in pirfuanceof air alter 0 us Bifign and Endea^votir to brmg
in^Furrein forces to invade thu Kingdom. We do therefore' firai^htly charge
Und command all Our loving' Sitb]eBs, of what 'degree cr'-ifudit'ty^ foever]t^-
on thetr Megi'anCe ^ that they pre fume n'dt torake the'-fard''Sed!tioui a^i.
*Traiterows Covenant, And We do Ukewifehcrehy forbid andihhibit them id
impofe^ /tdminifier, or tender the faid Covenant, as they and every of thei^
aill anfiver the contrary at their utmojl and extreamefi perilsi '^'Such xvd^tHi
teiiour nf this ProclamaPion of the gth of o^ober 5 vvtiicih thouwh^itr
ferved for a fufficient teftimony of His Majeflies Prudence, yet it pre''^
vailtd as little as the other did : For, as the Two Hotifes^'did extend:
their Quarters, and enlarge their Power •, fo. were the Subjefts fofcecf
more generally tO receive this yoak, and to fubmit theipfelAr'es to thbfe
Oaths and Covenants which they could neither take fdr fear of Gods
ind the Kings Difpleafure •, and dared not to refufe, forTear of lofint^
all which was dear unto them.- So that itwas efteettjdd for "^ fp^cl^
al favour, as indeed it was, for all thofe which canaelrt'o'n the O.v/^/-'^
Jrticles, to be exempted from the taking of this leudarrd accurfed^ Cgi
venant, by vdiich they were to* bind tkemfelves to betray the Ghui'chi
alid to ftand no further to the King, then as he flood for the defence 0f
that Religion which they then alfowedof, ,andof th'pft", Liberties v^tfif
they had acquired by what way foeVer. ■ ^ .'2:s-r^.,' !!--:n ■.' ., : ;..-:■: ;
5;. And to fay truiih;, -it-was no -woflder that* tfte Preibytef-irAi
ihould impofenew Oathsj'wlieh they had brokfen'afPt^d'bld •,b^fi^i£^
' Mm m 2 upon
^5t «;^l^(fto?^oft^e?^?e?bftemtt0» Li^^W-
upon the Tythes and Glebes of the Regular Clergy, whentfaey had.^if-
queftered the Eftates of the Loyal Gentry, and .intercepted tlie Reve-
nues of the King and Queen. And it would be no wonder neicher
that they (hould feize on the Revenues of the King andXiueen, when
^•they were grown tofuchahigh degree of inapudence, as to impeach
the Queen of Treafon, and were refolved of having no more Kings co
coroptrol their A<aions. They had already voted for the making of
a new Great Seal, (though fo to do was made High Treafon by the
Statute <3f King Edrvdrd the third) that they might expedite their
Commilfions with the more Authority, and add fome countenance of
Law to the prefcnt war : which muft be managed in the Name of the
King and Parliament, the better to abufe the people, and add fume
Reputation to the crime of their undertakings. And being Mailers of
a Seal, they thought themfelves in a capacity of ading as a Common-
wealth, as a State diftind •, but for the prefent, making ufe of his
MajeftiesName as their Stdte- holder ., for the ordering of their new Re-
publick. But long he muft not hold that neither •, though that was
locked up as a Secret amongft thofeof the Cabda^ till it was blurtcti
out by Martin^ then Knight for £cr^j : By whom it was openly declared,
ThAt the felicity efthit Nation did not confift in any of the tioufe efSTU A RT. Of
which His Majefty complained, but without reparation. And for a fur-
ther evidence of their good intentions, a view is to be taken of the
old Kegalia,d.nd none fo fit as Martin to perform that Service. Who
having commanded the Subdean of Wefimmfier tp bring him to the
place in which they were kept, made himfelf Mafter of the Spoil. And
having forced open a great Iron Chefl,took out the Crowns,thc Robes,
the Swords and Sceptre, belonging anciently to King Edtvard the Con-
feffor, and ufed by all our Kings at their Inaugurations. With a fcom
greater then his Lufts, and the reft of his Vices, he openly declares, That
there would he no further ufetfthofe Toys and Trifles. And in the jollity
of that humour invcfts George Withers {zn did Puritan Satyrifi)- in the
Royal Habiliments. Who being thus Crowned and Royally array'd
(as right well became him) firft marcht about the Reom with a ftately
Garb, and afterwards with a thoufand Apifli and Ridiculous anions,
expofed thofe Sacred Ornaments to contempt and laughter. Had the
jthfe hscn Jlript andtvhip^ as it ftiould haye been, the foolifti Fdlow pof-
tibly might have paffed for a Prephet^ though he could not be reckoned
for a Poet, . -1
34. Biit yet the mifchief ftaycd not here. Another vifit is beftowed
upon thefc Regalia •, not to make merry with them, but fome mony of
them; Mildntay^z. Puritan in Fadion, and Mafter of the Jewel-Houfe by
his Place and Office, conceived that Prey to belong properly to him;^
and having fold the King, muft needs buy the Crowns. But being as
falfe to his new Mafters as he was to his old, he firft pickt out the rieh--
cft Jewels, and then compounded for the reft at an eafie rate. The like
ill fortune fell unto the Organs, Plate, Coaps, Hanginos, Altar-
Cloaths, and many other coftly Utenfils which belonged co the
Church 5 all which were either broke in pieces, or feized upcn agd
plundered for the ufe of the State. Amgngft the reft there was 9
goodly Chalice of the purcft Gold j which though i( could, ftot be
lefs
iib. XIII. c^ ^iUott of t\}t |&j00Uf tertatt0« 45i
lefs worth then joo /. was fold to AHj/n a decayed Gold fmith, but then
a Member of the Houfe, at the rate of 60 /. The Birds being flown,
the Ncft isprefently defigned to the ufe of the Souldiers, who out of
'Wranionnefs, and not for want of Lodging in that populous City, muft
be quartered there. And being quartered, they onritted none of thofe
fhamelefs Infolencies which had been aded by their Fellows in other
Churches. For they not only brake down the Rails before the Ta-
ble, and burnt them in the very place in the heats of ^uly - but wret-
chedly prophaned the very Table it felf, by fctting about it with their
Tobacco and Ale before theiti, and not without the company of fome
of their zealous Ledurers to grace the A(5lion. What elfe they did
in imitation of the Brethren of £xon, in laying their filth and excre-
ments about it alfo, I abhor to mention. And now I muft crave leave
toflepinto the College, the Government whereof was trkcn from the
Dean and Prebendaries, and given to a feledk Committee of fifty per-
Ibns, fome Lords, but Members, for the moft part of the Lower Houfe $
who foand there a fufficient quantity of Plate, and fome other oood
Houfliold- fluff, to a very good value 5 which was fo Husbanded amongft
them, that it was either ftoln or fold, or otherwife imbezilled and in-
verted to the ufe of fome private perfons, who beft knew how to be-
nefit themfelves by the Churches Patrimony.
35. But the main bufinefs of this year, and the three next following,
was the calliRg, fitting, atyl proceedings of the new Affembly, called
the jij^emhlj of Divines 5 but made up alfo of fo many of the Lords and
Commons, as might both ferveas well to keep them under, "and com-^
ptroU their Actions, as to add fome countenance unto them in the eye
of the people. A Convocation had been appointed by the King when
Jie called the Parliament, the Members whereof being lawfully chofen
and returned, were fodifcountenanced and difcouraged by the Votes of
the Lower Houfe, the frequent Tumults raifed in Wejimmjler by thp Ra-
fcal Rabble, and the preparatives for a War againft the King, that they
retired unto their Houfes, but ftill continued undilTolved, and were in a
capacity of ailing as a Convocation, whenfoever they ihould be there-
unto required, and might do it with fafety. But being for the moft part
well affeded to the Churth of England^ they were not to be trufted by
theHoufesof Porliament, who then defigned the hammering of fucff
a Refirmatton both in Dodirine and Difcipline, as might unite them in a
perpetual Bond and Confederation with their Scottijh Brethten, And
that they might be furnifhed with fuch men, the Knights of every Shir<J
inuftmakecnoiceof two to ferve as Members for that County 5 moft
of them PreshperU>7s^ fome few Re^alltjisy four of the Indefeiikent Fa-
dion, and two or three to represent the Kirk of Scotland. Whicli
ploughing with an Ox and an Afs, (as it was no other) was ancieii^y
prohibited by the Law of Mofes. And yet thefe men, aflociatcd with
ibme Members of either Houfe, as before is faid, no ways impowcrcd
or authorized by the reft of the Clergy, muft take upon them all the
Powers and Privileges of a Convocation ; to which they were invited
by an Ordinance of the Lords and Commons, bearing date ^une the
trth. His Majefty makes a ftart at this encroachment on his Royal
Prerogative, and countermands the fame by His Proclamation of the
2id,
XIII.
Inwhicli he takes notice, amongft other thjiigs, That the far gr-ta;^.;^
part of- thofe who had been nominated to tW prefcnt SejvifijWtre intc
of neither Learnwg or Reputation, minentlf dipffecicd to thej^wyernmente^
the
the- Church or^ State : For'i^aintainanQe'wl^e.r^pfj.and,' f6i;_fhe pre>
fer^ationof His dvvn Ailthorltyj he inTiiiints them, from meeting 4c
tR2'''Unie'appohVtt:r^,. declares, taeir Ads.' to be' lUegalV. and, .threatens,
wAi' with the piiniliimentSAvhich they had incurred bv.tlielawsofttTe-
^'^^. 'T&iit th^y'^o'forwards nowfbeYer;-ho.a dielr hrll meeting oa thei
firlP^f ^/y, ;aM e'tedt Dr. tm^c of Nervbcrn-,\ (a rigid 'Sa^I^atanan,,but
a ■pVifeffec'-di/'i'^Ww 'in all ;6ther points) for'tHeir Pirolocutorj called ton
rfefiH:!pce upnh''tiiejir LivingsV againft the Laws,' preferred to the beil;,
Benrilces of the'Sequeftred Clergy, (fome-6f them three, or four toge-,
ther) and had withall four fliiUlngsa man f-pr their daily wagts, be-J
fides the honour orairiniri_^'.iii''fo great an action as the mine of tlj^
Church, and the fu'bverfidn of 'tne prefent Government, of the Rcalnv
dV'^BngUnd. ' Infefertnce whereynto, they were to be employed fr^cjai,
time to timCj as occaiion ,tva.s, to'fiir up the people of .the Counties^ for
wJiic''H'th'dyftryedj7<) rz/f^Wam t^ againft the King, under-
colour o^thefr'bivn defence^ as appears plainly by the Order of the tenth
6? Jtfgtffi. And that they mioht be looked upon with the greater re^j
verence, they maintain a conuafit intercburfe, by Letters, with their
h^t^iihnof Sihland, the Chmches of the Nether latids, the' French at^d
^irif^fr/j'b'u'". chiefly with Geneva it (elf. ,. In whichthey laid fuch vile
R-eproaches on.his Majefty and the Church of 'England -, the one for ha-
vin<^ a defign to bring in Popery • the others for a reaJinefs to receive the
fdrhe 5 that Hi> Majefty was necelHtated to fet out a Manifcft in the Laj^'-
f^^'tor.gue, for layirsg open the Impofture to the Churches of all For-
reion'Nations. •; Araongft the reft of thi's'Anembly, Di. Dan. Featly^
ride Iqfig before tnade Chaplain iii Ordinary- to the Kingj^.muft: needs liD
fd^ bhe •, wh<;rfir^r t?^ flitw his-Parts, orto head aParty, or out of his
^H fove to Cdumfm may beft be gathered from fome Speecjits which
he made and printed. But htwas theirs in heart before, and there-r
fore might; afford them his, t)od'y now, though poffibly. he may bf
excufed from faking the Covenant, as the others did'. An Exhort m-
tf^whereunto was thefirft great work which was performed by thefe
l()lafters^n7/"Mc/,' after their afftmbling 5 the Cov^natit takeja by them
itfinoft folemn manner z\St..'-^Lirgareti mWejJminJlet;., on. the 25;/?..
tf September ^'iht^Exhortaiioii'woieAtQibe publiftied oa ,die 9/^ of Fe^.
trudry. :. ^ •.. ... ,, , , - •• .-•:
)"'37. Now to begin /'the bleffed Reformation which, they had in
hand, the Houfes were refolVedlipon exterminating all,external Pomp,
and.comely Order, out of the_ Worfhip of Almighty Cod. And to
thisend, upon the humble rnotioh of th^fe Divints of tjie .Aflerably,
and t^,(^follicitationbf fonie Sii^ous Ledurers^,,whp >^;6re gf'^wn very
■ ^tii^tVfiil With tfheni ; 'or; tb'irtgratiate thera(clyes with the ScmifiCo
~^ ^ .^ I ■ v,..,..j t^- It I- rt fin
vtnan-
Lib. XIII. cije m^oit of ttie Pm^tmm.
455
ters, whofe help they began to ftand in need of 5 or finally, out of the
pervcrfeners of their own crofs humours, they publiflied an Ordinance
on the zSt/j oi Augufi, For the utter demolifhing, removing^ andtaktfig aw^iy
aE Monuments of SfipcrjUiion and Idolatry. Under which it was order-
ed, That before the lajl of November then next following^ all Altars and
•Tables of fione (as if any fuch were then eredled) jhould be demolijhed in all
churches and Chapels throughout the Kingdom. That the Communion Tables
pwiild in alifuch places be removed from the Eafl endoftheChancel^ unto fomc
other part of the Church or Chapel. That all fuch Rails as had been placed be-
fore or ahout thefame^ fhould be taken arvay^ and the ground levelled with
the reft, which had been raifed for the flanding of my fuch Table^ within
the fp^ce, of twenty years then U(l pafl. That all Tapers, Candlefticks, and Ba-
fons, which had of late been ufed on any of the Jaid Tables, Jhould dfo be remo-
ved and taken away -, neither the fame, nar any fuch like, to be from thenceforth
ufed m Gods Fublick Service. That all Crucifixes, Croffes, and all Images and
Figures of any one or more Persons of the Trinity, or of the Virgin Mary, md
all other Images and Filatures of Saints, (hould be alfo demolijhed and defaced
■whether they flood in any of the f^id churches er Chapels, or in am Church -.y.xrd
or other open place whatsoever, never to be ereBed or renewed again: With a
Provilb notwithftanding,/ijr/'/-f/ifri7;;^ all Images, FiBures^ and Coats of
Arms, belonging to any of their Anceflors, or any of the Kings of this Realm, or
any other deceafed perfons which were not generally confidered and beheld as
Saints.
38. Butyet to makefurework of it, this Ordinance was re-inforced
and enlarged by another ofthe9?/»of May, in the year next following;
wherein, befides the particulars before recited, they defcend to the
taking away of all Coaps, Surplices , and other Superftitious Veft-
ments, (as they pleafed to call them) as alfo to the taking away of
all Organs, and the Cafes in which they flood, and the defacing of
the fame J requiring the fame courfe to be alfo taken in the removing
and defacing of Roods, Rood-LoftS, andHoly-water-Fonts (as if any
fuch things had been of lateereded or permitted in the Church of Eng-
land, as indeed there were not) whereupon followed the defacing of all
Glafs Windows, and the demolifhing of all Organs within the compafs
of their power -, the tranfpofing of the holy Table from the place of the
Altar, into fome other part of the Church or Chancel ; the tearincr and-
defacingof all Coaps and Surplices, orotherwife employing them to
domeftick ufes^ and finally the breaking down and removing of the Sa-
cred Fonts,ancientlyufed for the Miniftration of holyBaptifm^the name
of Holy- water- fonts being extended and made ufe of to comprife them alfo:
hereupon followed alfo the defacing and demolifhing of many Croffes e-
reded as the Monuments of Chriftianity,in Cities,Towns,& moft of our
Country Villages; none being fpared which came within the compafs of
thofe enemies of theCrofsof Chrift.Amongft which Croffes none more
eminentfor Coft and Workmanfliip, then thofe o? Cheap ft de in London,
and y^^i«g'f(?» in the County of £fr^j- J both of them famous for the ex-
cellencies of the Statu's which were placed in them 5 more for the rich-
nefs of the trimming which was ufed about them. But the Divine
Vengeance fell on fome of the Executioners, for a terror to others; one
of therm being killed in pulling down the Crofs oi cheapfidc - and
another
456 ci^el^igo^^offfc 1&?e0tittenang. Lib, xiii
■''"~"^"'^wotherhan<'ed at Stmv on the Wold^ within (hort time after he had palled
Jown the firll Image of the Crofs in Abington. And becaufe no Order
had been made for the executing of this Order in His Majefties Chapels
(as there was in all CathedruU andParifli Churches) a private Warrant
was obtained by //dr/(?)v,a Knightof Herefordjhtre, for making the faid
Chapels equal to all the reft, by depriving them of all fuch Ornaments
of State and Beauty with which they had been conftantly adorned in all
times fince the Reformation. And all this done, (or at the leaft preten-
ded f 0 be done, as the Ordinance tells us) as being pleafing unto God^and
vifibly conducing to the bleffed Reformation fo much defired •, but de-
fired only., as it feems, by thofe Lords and Commons who had a hand in
iheDeiign. , , , r «
-9. So far they went to fliow their hatted untoSuperftition, their dif-
jike of Pofery : but then they m.uft do fomewhat alfo for expreffing their
great zeal to the glory of God, by fome Ads of Piety. And no thing
Teemed more pious or more popular rather to enjoin the more ftrift
keeping of their Lords d^j sMath, by feme publick Ordinance. With
this tl^ty had begun already on the fifth of May^ on which it was orde-
red by no worfe men then the Commons in Parliament, (the Lords be-
inf' either not confulted, or not concurring)That His Majefty's Book for
t okr at mg [forts gruhe LordsBay^ fliould be forthwith burned by the hands
eft he common Hangman, in chcaffide and other ufual places ; and that
the Slieriffs of London and Middlefex fliculd fee the fame put in execu-
tion 5 which was done accordingly. Then which, an Adl of a greater
fcorn, an Adof greater Infolency and difloyal impudence, was never
offired to a Soveraign and Anointed Prince. So as it was no marvel if
the Lords joined with them in the Ordinance of the fixth of Jfril,
1(^44, for to expofe all Books to the Jike difgrace which had been writ,
or (1-iould be writ hereafter by any perfon or perfons, againft the Morali-
ty of the Sabbath: By which Ordinance it was alio fignified, That no
manmrof ferfcn ivhatjoever, Jhoidd piblickly cry, pew fort/?, ad expofe to fale
An-j Wares J Merchandifes^ Fruits, Herbs, or other Gosds, upon that day, on
■pain of forfeiting the fame-, or travel, carry burthens, or do any a6i of h-
'bonr on it^ on paw of forfeiting Ten fhillings for the faid offence. That no
ferfon from thenceforth on the j did day jhoidd ufe, cxercife, keep, maintain,
or be prefent at any ivreflirgjhooting, bowling, ringing of Bells for pleafure or
faflime, ]llaik,Wake, {otbcrwife calLdFeafls) Church- Ale, Games, Dancings
Sport, or other paflimes ivl^atfucver, under the fever al penalties therein con-
tained. And that we may perceive with what weighty cares the heads
of thefe good men w: re troubled, when the whole Nation Was invol-
ved inBlood and Ruine •, a Claufe was added for the taking down
of May poles a\[o % with a Command unto all Conftablesand Tyfhing-
men, to I'ee it done, under the penalty of forfeiting five fhillings
weekly, till the faid May poles (which they looked upon zs an Heathen-
ish Vanity) Ihould be quite removed. Which Nail was driven fo far
at Lift, that it was made unlawful for any Taylor to carry home a
new Suit of Clothes, or any Barber to trim the man that was to wear
tlnM-n •, forany Water man to Ferry a paftenger Crofs the Thames 5
and finally, to any perfon whatfoever (though neither new trimmed,
or new ap^^arelkd) to fit at his own door, or to walk the ftreers, or
" " ' take
rib.xiii. ci^e m^oit of t^e m^^^tztim. 45 7
take a mouthful of fredi air in the open Fields. MbftRabinical Docaces •
40. Theday of publick Worfliip being thus new-molded, they ni'uft
have new Priefts alfs, and new Forms of Prayer, a new Coafe/Iion of
the Faith, new Catechifms, and new Forms of Government, Towards
the firft, an Ordinance comes out from the Lords and Gomitions in o^d-
^fr following, (Advice being firft had with the Aflembly of Divines)
by which a power was given to fome chief men of the AlTembly and
certain Minifters of London, or to any feven or more of rhera, toimpofe
hands upon fuch perfons whatfoever whom they found qualified and
gifted for the holy Miniftry -, a Claufebeing added thereunto That
every perfon and perfons which were fo ordained, fhould be re'puted
deemed, and taken for a Minifter of the Church oi Engl and, (n&cient-
ly authorifedforany Office or Employment init, and capable of re-
ceiving all advantages which appertained to the fame. To ihew the
nullity and invalidity of which oy^/»rf?/(7»/, a learned Tradare was fet
out by Dr. Bohe, Chaplain fometimes to the Right Reverend Dr. Hoti-
fon^ Bifliop of Oxferd firft, and q{ Durham afterwards. Never fince a'rt-
fvvered by the PresbjterUy.s, either Scots., or Englifb. Next after comes
the Direiier J, ox new Form of Wof(hip,accompanied with an Ordirtance
of the Lords and Comm-^nson the third oi January ^ for authorifintr the
faid DtreBoryox Form of Worfliip ; as alfo, for (upprefling the publick '
Liturgy^repealing all the Afts of Parliament which confirmed the farne
and abrogating all the ancient and eflablilhedFeftivals,that:fo Saint Sa^
hath (as fometimes they called it) might be all in all. The infufficicncy of
which Dire£iory to the Ends propofed in the fame,pronounced the weak-
nefsof the Ordinance which authorifed it^and the excellency of the pub-
lick Liturgy in all the parts and offices of it^^was nolefs learnedly evinced
by D. /f^wiiW, then newly made a Chaplain in Ordinary to his Sacred
Majefty. Which though it might have fatisfied all equal and unbyafted
men, yet neithej Learning nor Reafon could be heard in the i ew AlTem-
bly; or if it were, the voice thereof was drowned by the noifeof the Or-
dinances. 4
41. For on the 23</ of y^«f. ^».i945, another Ordinance Gomes thun-
dering from the Lords and Commons, for the more effedual Execution
of the Directory for publick Worftiip-, with feveral Claufes in the fame
not only for dlfperfing and ufethereof, but for calling in the Book of
Common Prayer^ under feveral penalties. Which coming to his Ma-
jefties knowledge, as foon as he returned to hrs Winter Quarters,he pub-
lilhed his Proclamation of the 15?^ of iViJi/. commanding in the fame the
ufe of the Common Prayer, notwithftanding any Ordinance to the con-
trary from the Houfes of Parliament. « For taking notice, firft, of thofe
* notable Benefits which had for eighty years redounded to this Nation
' by the ufe of the Lirurgy •, He next obferves, that by aboliftiing the laid
* Bo^k of Common Prayer, and impofing the Diredory , a Way would
*^ be left open for all Ignorant, Fadious and Evil men, to broach their
* Fancies and Conceits, be they never fo erroneous, to miflead people
'into Sin and Rebellion againft the King, to raife Fadions and Divi-
'fionsinthe Chnrch v^nd finally, to utter thofe things for their Pray-
' ers in the Congregation, to which no Conlcientious can fay Amen. And
* thereupon he gives Commandmentto all Minifters in their ParlihChur-
■= ches,to keep & ufe the faid. Book of Gammon Prayer,in all the Ads &
N n n Offices
458 c!^e l^tflo?y of ti^e i&:egbttcyiattg« Lib, xiih
Offices of Gods Publick Worftiip, according xo the Laws made in that-
' behalf % and that the faid Direifery fhould in no fort be admitted, re- "
« ceived, or ufed ; the faid pretended Ordinances, or any thing contain^
t ed in them to the contrary notwithftanding. But His Majefty fped no
better by His PtodaroatioH, than the two Do(aors did before by their
Learned Arguments. For if He had found little or no obedience to hi$
proclamations when he was ftrong, and in the head 6fa viftorious and
fuccesful Army, He was not to expeft it in a low condition, when his
Affairs were ruinated and reduced to nothing.
42. For foitwas, that the Scots hzwlno raifedan Army of Eighteen
thoufand Foot, and Three thoufandHorfc, taking the Dragoons into
the reckoning, break into £«?/a/^ in the depth of Winter, Jnxio 1643,
and marched almoft as far as the Banks of the River Ti^Cy without op-
pofition. There they received a ftop by the coming of the Marqucfs of
Newai'le^ with his Northern Army, and entertained tht time with fome
petit skirmilhes, till the fad news of the furpriieof Selhy by Sir Thomas
Fairfax^ compelled him to return towards Tor^ with ail his Forces, for
the preferring of that place on which the fafety of the North did de-
pend efpecially. The Scots march after him amain, and befiege that
City, in which they were afsifted by the Forces of the Lord Fairfax^
and the Earl of Manchefter, who by the Houfes were commanded to at-
tend that Service. The iffue whereof was briefly this 5 that having wor-
fted the great Army of Prince Rufert at Marpn Movr^ on the fecond of
tP»/v, r^rit yielded on Compofition opon that day fortnight-, the Mar-
quefsof JV<f«'frf//tf, with many Gentlemen of great Note and Quality,
Siipt themfelvesfor France ; and the ftrong Town o{ Nervcufile took in
by the Scots on the 19th of o£iober then next following. More fortunate
was His Majefty with His Southern Army, though at the firft he was ne-
iceflitated to retire from Oxen at fuch time as the Forces under Epx and
JTrfiZer did appear before it. The news whereof being brought unto
them, it was agreed that Waller fliould purfue the King, and that the
Earls Army ftiould march Weftward to reduce thofe Countreys. And
Jiere the Myjiery of Iniquity began to ftiow it felf in its proper colours.
For whereas they pretended to have raifed therr Army for no other end,
but only to remove the King from his Evil CfunceSors^ thofe Evil Coun-
cillors, as they call them, were left at oxon, and the King only hun-
ted by his infolent Enemies. But the King having totally bxokmWal-
Itr in the end of ^mc^ marched after Ejjex into Devenjhire^ and having
fhut him up in Cor^JP'J/y, where he had neither room for forrage, nor
hope of fuccours, he forced him to flye inglorioufly in a Skiff or Cock-
boat, and leave his Army in a manner to the Conquerors Mercy. But
his Horfe having the good fortune tofave themfelves, the King gave
quarter to the Foot, referving to Himfelf their Cannons, Arms, and
Ammunition, as a fign of His Vi<ftory« And here again the War
mioht poflibly have been ended, if the King had followed his good for*
tune, and marcht to London before the Earl ofEffex had united hisfcac-
tered Forces, and Manchefier was returned from the Northern Service,
But fetting down before P/)0!«i<>«r^ now, as he did before G lone e/er the
laft year,he loft the opportunity of efFeding his purpofe, and was fought
withal at Newberry, in his coming back, wher^ neither fide could boaft
of obtaining the Vidiory. 4^, But
Liti.xiii. €i)z iptao^f of m Wfifi^t&cian^,
4?9
. 43. But howfnever, having gained feme reputatien by his Weftem-
Aaion, the Hoafes feem incinableto accept His offer of entringin-^
£0 Tteaty with Him for an Accommodation. This He had offered by
His Majefty from Evepam on the 4?/; of ^uly, immediately after thedtr;
feat of WalUf -, and preffed it by another from Tavefieck on the Hth of
S.ftemkr:, as foon as he had broken the great Army ©f the Earl of i/Tcj^
Totheretheyhearkncd not at firft. But being fenfibic of the ojit^
cues of the common people, they condefcend at laft, appoictijig Uxhtd'^e:
for the place, j^nd the 30//^ day ;o{ January for the time thereof. For-a
^r^par;ative vvhej-eunto, and tofatisfie the importunity and expedatiou
of their Brethren of ScetUtid, they attaint the Archbiihop of High
Xjref/on, inthe Ho,ufe of Commons, and pafs their Bill by Ordinance
in^tiieHoute of Peers, in which no more then feven Lords did concur
W;t^e.Senitenc^ 5 butbeingfentencedhowfoever by the malice of chfc
^/fshjifenans both Scots and Englifhy he was brought toaca the laft pare
oTliis.,Tragedy"()n the lor^of ^^^^^rfr)', asfliallbe told' at lar^e inano--
tSel place. This could prefage no good fuccefs to the following Treatyj
fortfidugh Goyenantsfomttimes may be writ in blood; ,yet I find no
fuchway ror'f:ommencing Treaties. And to.fay truth, the KingsCom4
mifsioners foon fouitd what they were tp truft/o.For having condefcended
td'accjmpany the Commilfioners from the Houfes of Parliament, and to
be prefcnt at a Sermon preached by one of their,Chaplains, on the ijl day
of the meeting they found what little hopes they had of a good conclufi'on;
The Preachers Mame was Love,- a. Weljhman^ Jand one of the moft fiery
Preshyters in all the Pack :,- In whofe Sermon then were mMypalTa^es wry
fcamtAlom to His Makefiles Perfoit, aad derogatory to his Homifr ■ ftirrifi^up'.
tAfpeo'ple Agaiyfi the Treaty ^ .and incenfing them againfi the Kings Cbfn-
wlffimers -^telling them. That they came with hearts full ef Blood:, and that
there mas ai great adiflanee hetwixtthe Treaty andFeace^ as there to as betmen
Heaven and Hell. Of this the Oxon Lords complained, but could obtain
no reparation for the King or themfelves •, though afterwards Crommlt
paid the debt, and brought him to the Scaffold when he leaft locked
fjf it, '-Vi ,,^
;'44- But notwithftanding thefe prefages of no good fuccefs, the
Kings Commiffioners beginthe long wifht for Treaty, which is redu-
ced to thefe, three Heads, viz. Concernments of the Church, The
Power of the Militia and the War of Ireland, In reference to the firift
(for of the other two I fliall take no notice) His Majefty was pleafed to
condefcend to thefe particulars : that is to fay, i. That freedom be left to
allperfens whatfoeycr in jnatters of Ceremony ; and that all the penalties of the
Laxps and dnons which enjoin thefe Ceremonies be fuf fended. 2 . That the Bi-
fhdpsjljould exercije no a£iof^urifdiSfion or Ordination.^ without the confent
andcounjelofthe Presbyters, who Jhall be chofen by the Clergy of each Diecefs.^
outofthe Gravefl andmofi Learnedmen amon^jl themfelves. 5. That the .
Bijliop fliall b-; confiantly refident in his Diocep, except he be required to at -
tend His Md]ejlj -, and jhall preach every Sunday in fome Church or 0-
iher^ within the Diocefs., if he be kot hindered either by old fige or ficknds.
4, Thai O tdhutl <v. fjall be publtck., and infolemn manner 5 ^nd none to be
admitted into. Holy Orders , bttt fuch as are well qualtfed and approved
of by the Rural Presbyters. ^^5. That an improvement pe made of aS fttck
N n n z Vicaridges
460 €^t WPl't Of ^ I&ie0l)¥terian0. Lib. xni .
yicaridges ai belonged io Bi.fhops, Deans ^ a fid Chatters 5 ihe [Aidimpevement
to iie made out of Impropriations, and confirmed by Parliament. €. That from
thenceforth no manpottld hold trvo churches with Cure cf:>ouls. Andy. That
one hundred thouf and found jhould beferthmth raifed out of the Lands helong-
in?:to the Bifhofs ana Cathedral Churches, towards the fatisfa£Hon of the F^-
Ikk Debts. An Offer was alfo made, for regulating the Jurildiftion of
Ecckfiaftical CoTirt^, m Caufes Teftamentary, Decimal, and Matri'
moniaU forreiUfying fome Abufes in the exercife of Excommunica-
tion •, for moderating the exceflive Fees of the Bifhops Officers, and
ordering their Vifitations to the beft advantage of the Church 5 and^ljl
this to be done by confent of Parliamenr.
45. His Majefty alfo offered them the Militia for the fpace of three
years'5 which might afford them time enough to fettle the Affairs of
the Kingdom, had they been fo pleafed •, and to afTociare the Houfes
with Him in the War of Ireland ; but fo, as not to be excluded from
His Care ^\ that People. But thefe Propofals did not farisfie the turi-
tanEnd^Pi much lefs the Presbyterian Scots, who were joined in that
Treaty. They were refolved upon the abolition of Efifcopacy, both
Root and Branch 5 of havirtg the Militia for Seven years abfolutely,and
and afterwards to be difpofed of as the King and the Houfes could a-
gree : and finally; of exercifing fuch an unlimited power in the War of
Ireland, that the King fliould neither be able to grant a Ceffation^ or to
make a Peace, or to fliovv mercy unto any of that people on their due
{\ibmifrion. And from the rigour of thefe terms, they were not to be
drawn by the Kings Commiffioners -, which rendred the whole Treaty
fruitlefsj and fruuratedtheexpe<aationpfall Loyal Subjecfts, who Ian*
guifhed under the calamity of thiswoful War, For as the Treaty
cooled, fo the War grew hotter, managed fbr the moft part by the fame
Hands, but by different Heads : Concerning which, we are to know>
That not long after the beginning of this everlafling Parliament, thfe
Puritan Fadion became fub-divided into P^'fj^j'^m^w/ and Independents.
And at the firft, the Presbyterians carried all before them both in Camp
and Council. But growing jealous at the lafl of the Earl o( E([ex,
whofe late mifcarriage in the Wefl was looked on as a Plot to betray
his Army : they fuffered him to be wormed out of his Commi{fion,and
gave the chief Command of all to Sir Thomas Fairfax^ with whofe good
Services and Affedlions they were well acquainted. To him they
joined Lieutenant Genera^^/ia^er Cremveell, who from a private Cap-
tain had obtained to be Lieutenant to the Earl of Manchefier in the
affociated Counties, as they commonly called them: and having done
good Service in the Battel oiMarflon-Moor, was thought the fitteft man
to condocft their Forces. And on the other fide, the Earl of £rentferd
(but better known by the Name of General Ruthuen) who had com-
itlanded the Kings Army fince the Fight at £<^j-4/^, was outed of his
place by a Court Contrivement, and that Command conferred upoit
Prince Rupert, the Kings Sifters Son, not long before made Duke of
Cumberland, and Earl of Holder nefs.
^6. By thefe new Generals, the Fortune of the War, and confequent-
ly theFareofthe Kingdom whi-ch depended onir, came tobe decided,
Ani at the firft, the King feemed to have much the better by the takitifif
o"f
Lib.xm. ci)e l^ifto?^ of tlje m^&hfumm, ^^t
of Leicefier though aft erwards It turned to his difadvantace • For ma
nyofthe Soldiers being 1 oaded .with the Spoil of the plaice," withdrew
thcmfelves for the difpofing of their Booty, and came not back unto
the Army till it was too late. News alfo came, that Fairfax with his
Army had laid fiege to Oxon, which moved the Kincr to return back
as far as Daventn, there to expcift the re-aflembling of his fcattered
Companies. Which happening asi^^/>/4.vhaddefired,he marcht ha
- ftily after him, with an intent to give him battel on the firft opportuni
-ty: In which he was confirmed by two great Advantages . firil bv
• the feafonabie coming of Cromwell withafrefli Body of Horfe which
reach'd him not until! the Evening before the fight ; andTecondlv bv
' the intercepting of feme Letters fent from General Gom^, in which
- -HisMajefty was advited to decline all occafion of Battel, till he could
come up to him with his Weftern Forces. This haftened the Defign
of fighting in theadverfe Party, who fall upon the Kings Army in the
■ Fields near NAisby, (till that time an obfcure Village)in Northnmpmjhire ■
on Saturday thti9th o^ ^une, the Battels joined, and at firft HisMajefty
had chebetter of it, and might have had foatthc laft, if Prince Eufen
having routed one Wing of the Enemies Horfe, h^d not been fo intent
upon the chafe of the Flying Enemy, that he left his -t^oot open to the
other Wing. Who prefling hotly on them, put them toan abfolute
Rout, and made themfelvesMafters of his Camp, Carriage, and Canon-
^nd amongft other things of his Majefties Cabinet : In which they fdund
"-many of his Letters, moft of them written to the Queen, which after*,
wards were pnbliflied by command of the Houfes, to their, oreat di-
ihonour. For whereas iht Atheniam on the like fuccefs had intercep-
ted the Packet of Letters ^tomPhilipKin^oi Macedon, their moft bit-
ter enemy, unto feveralFriends,they met with one amongft the ref^'to
the Queen olywpas y the reO. being all broke open before the Council
that they mightbe advertifedofche enemies purpofes, the Letter to rlie
Queen was returned untouched •, the whole Senate thinking it a (hameful
and difhoneft adl to pry into the Conjugal Secrets betwixt Man and
Wife. A Modefty in which thofeof Atk»s ftand as much commended
by Wliaditti Bifa>ittnus,3.n zncientWrker^ as the chief Leadinc^menof
the Houfes of Parliament, are like to ftand condemned for w^nt of it
in fucceeding Stories. '
47. But to proceed, this miferable blow was followed by the fur-
rendry o^Bripl, the ftorming of Bridgwater, the furprife of Hereford
and at the ervd of Winter, with the lofs of Cbepr. Durin<» -which time
the King moved up and down with a Running Army, but with fuch ill
Fortune as moft commonly attends a declining fide. In which diftrefs
he comes to his old Winter-Quarters, not out of hope of bringin<y his
Affairs to a better condition before the opening of the Sprints. From
Oxon he fends divers Meflfages to the Houfes of Parliament, defirinp '
that He might be fuffered to return to Wejlminfier, and ofFerino for their '
fecurity the whole Power of the Kingdom, the Navy, Caftles Forts
and Armies, to be enjoyed by them in fuch manner, and not for foJong
time as they had formerly defired. But finding nothing from them but
negled and fcorn. His Meftages defpifcd, and His Perfon vilified He
made an offer of Himfelf to Fairfax, who refufed alfo. Tired with re-
pa Ife
462 ci^e $igo?i?of t^e ^tegbtteig<ang> Lib, xin.
puire upon repulfe,^anid having loft the fmall remainder of His Forces
near Stow on the Pfl^W-, Heputshimfelf in the beginning of May, iaio
the hands of the Scots Commiflioners, refiding then at SouthwellinthQ
County oi Nottingham^ 13k MannorHoufe belonging to the See of Xork,
"^oixht Scots having maftered tlie Northern parts in the year 1644,
fpentthen€xt year in harrafing the Countrey, even as far as Here-
ford-, Which they befieged for a time, and perhaps had carried it, if
thtVhad not been called back by the Letters of feme fpecial Friends,to
take, care' of 5r^^/f«^5,- then almoft reduced to the Kings obedience, by
■^Q^bhYt]^2iic^&'<^^ Montrpj's. On which Advertifement they ^Q:
■p3,n(.t6:h'kereforU^izceWorcepry and fo m^rcht Northward : From -
'^hetice they prefently difpatch Col. .D4'y;//Z,e/^/)f with 6000 Horfe, and
with'tharFo'otepfiployedthemfelves in the Siege of Nctvark-j v/hich
^'^oiioht dow'ri kheir Commiflioners to Southwell^ before remembred.
^Frbi^thence thVKing is hnrrVedin poft hafte to the 'Xownoi Ncmafile^
Hvhich they looked on as their ftrongeft Hold. And being now defirous
tdtfiake even with their Mafters, to receive the wages of their iniquity,
ami bein<' defirous to get home in fafety with that Spoil and Plunder,
^'hich they had g,otten in their marching and re-raarching betwixt
rweed2Ln& Herefifrd^they preft theKing to fling up all the Towns and Ca-
ftfes which remained in His Power ,or elfe they durft not.promife to con-
tihue Him under their Protedion.-
' 'is. This TumCeemed ftrange unto the King. Who had not put
Himfelfinto the Power of the Scots, had he not been aflured before
hand by the/^e^f^EmbaffadorVof more courteous ufage -, to whom
the Scifts Commiffioners had engaged themfelves, not only to receive
„ His'1^erfon,but'all thofealfo which repaired unto Him into their pro-
teditjn, as the King fignified by His Letters to the Marquefs of or-
vtond: But having got Him into their Power, they forget thofe Pro-
mifes, and bring Him under tfie neceifity of writing to the Marquefles
'^i' Montr cfs and Ormond to difcharge their Souldiers, and to His Go-
vernours of Towns in EngUnd^to give up their Garrifons. Amongft
which, Ox/f^ri the then Regal City, wasthe moft conliderable, furren-
dred to Sir Thomas Fairfax upon Midfommer day. And by the Article s of
that Surrendry, the Duke of r<?r^ wasput intothe Povs'cr of theHou-
fes of Parliament 5 together with the Great Seal, the Signet, and thd
Privy-Seal, all which were moft defpitefuUy broken intheHoufe of
Peers as formerly the Dutch had broke the Seals of the King of Spain,
vrhen they had caft off all Fidelity and Allegiance to him, and put
thetnfelves into the Form of a Commonweakh. But then to make him
^me amends, they give him feme faint hopeS of fuffering him to beftow
a'vlfit on his Realm of Scotland (his ancient and native Kingdom, jas he
commonly called it) there to expeft the bettering of his Condition in
thfe changes of time. But the Scots hearing of his purpofe, and having
long ago caft" off the yoke of fubjeftion, voted againft his coming, in
5 full Aifcmbly ^ fo that we may affirm of him, as the Scripture doth
of our Saviour Chrift, viz. He came unto his own, and his own received him
wf;^ohnc. ri2. The like refolution was taken alfo by the Commif'
fioncrsof that Nation, and the chief Leaders of their Army, who had
-.contrafted' with the two Houfes of Parliament,, andfouhe fum of two
',>■■•'■ x.\ 1:2 ■'..■■. -...'.zy \<j hundred"
Lib.xiil. C^e !^(8oj? Of G^z l^jejSbf terfanj}, ^^
lim into
hundred thoufand pound, in ready mony, fold and betrayed him imu
the hands of his Enemies, as certainly they would have done the Lord
Chrift hinifelf for half the mony, if he had i>ea>ed dovtn the Heavens and
came dfiwn to vifit them. Being delivered over unto fuch Comraiifioners as
were fent by the Houfes to receive him, he was by them conduced on
the third of Feb. to his Houfe of Holdenhy, not far from the good Town
o^ Northampton, where he was kept fo clofe, that none of his Domeftick
Servants, no not fo much as his own Chaplains werefuffered to have
any accefs unto him. And there we leave him for the prefent 5 but lonc^
he Ihall not be permitted to continue there, as fhall be ftiewn hereafterin
due place and time.
49. Such being the iffueof the War, let us next look upon the Pm-
hjterians in the ads of Peace 5 in which they threatned more deftrucftion
to the Church, then the War it felf. As foon as they ha?d fetled the
ftridl keeping of the Lords day Sabbath, fupprefled the puplick Litur-
gy, and impofed the Diredory, they gave command to their Divines
of the Aflembly, to fet themfelves upon the making a new Confefsion
The Nine and thirty Aitides of the Church of England, were cither
thought to have too much of the ancient Fathers, or too littleof Calvin
and therefore fit to be reviewed, or elfe laid afide. And at the firft
their Journey- men began with a Review, and fitted Fourteen of the
Articles to their own conceptions ^ but in the end, defpairinc^ of the like
fuccefs in all the reft, they gave over that impertinent labour, and found
it a more eafie task to conceive a ^rwjthcn to accommodate the old Con-
fefsion to their private Fancies. And in this new Confelfion, they c-
flablifli the Morality of their Lords day Sabbath, declare the Pope to be
the Antichri/iy the Son ofFerditioa^ and the Man of Sin. And therein alfo
interweave the Calvtnian Rigours, in reference to the abfolute Decree of
Predeftination,Grace, Free will, d^f. But knowing that they ferved
fuch Mafters as were refolved to part with no one Branch of their own
Authority, they attribute a Power to the Civil Magiftrate, not only of
calling Synods and Church-Aflemblies, but alfo of being prefent at them
and to provide that whatfoever is therein contracted, be done agreeably
to the Mind and Will of God. But as to the matter of Church-Go- #^1^^
vernment, the Divine Right of their Presbyteries, the fetting of Chrift ^^^ ^
upon the Throne, the Parity or Imparity of Minifters in the Church of
Chrift, not a word delivered. Their mighty Mafters were not then re-
folved upon thofe particulars 5 and it was fit the Holy Ghoft fhould ftay
their leifu re, and not infpire their Journey men with any other Inftru-
dion then what was fent them from the Houfes.
50. But this Confelfion^ though imperfeft, and performed by halves
was offered in the way of an Hitmhle Advice to the Lords and Commons'
that by the omnipotency of an Ordinance it might pafs for currant,
and be received for the eftabliflied Do<5trine of the Church of England.
The like was done alfo in the tendry of their X4rf;r Catechifm, which
feems to be nothing in a manner but the fetting out of their Confeffion
in another drefs, and putting it into the form of Queftions and Anfwers,
that fo it might appear to be fomewhat elfe then indeed it was. But be-
ing fomewhotofthelargeft to bs taught in Schools, and fomewhat of
the hardeft to be learned by Children, itvsras brought afterwards in-
to
4(54 ^^^ f iftojT Of tl^^ 1&iesJb^tet;iatT0» Lib. xiil.
to an Epitome, commonly called Tklcfjer Cetechifme, ^nd by the Au-
thors recommended to the ufeof. the Church, as far more Orthodox
then iVo)Vi;/s, more clear then that contained in the Common Prayer
Book, and not inferior to the Palatine or Grne'vian Forms, But in all
three/ they held forth fuch a Dodrine touching Gods Decrees, that
they gaveoccafion of receiving the old £//i//4«Herefie, in making God
to be the Author of Sin. Which Do(arint; being new pubiilhed in a
Pamphlet, entituled, Comfort for Believers w their Sim and Troubles, gave
fuch a hot Alarm to all the CAlvimfis \n the new AfTembly, that they
procured it to be bu^nt by the hands of the Hangman, But firft they
thoughtitncceflary to prepare the way to that execution, by pubiidiing
in print their ditcfiation of that abominable and blaffhemous Opinion, That God
hath a hand in, and is the Author of the finfulnefs of his people, as the Title
tells us. So that now Calvms Followers may fleep fupinely without re-
gard to the reproaches of uncivil men, who had upbraided them with
maintaining fuch blafphemous Dodlrine. The Reverend Divines of
the Affembly have abfolved them from it, and fliowed their Detefla-
tion of it 5 and who dares charge it on them for the time to come <
•51. But thefe things pofTibly were adedasthey wcteCahinians, and
perhaps Sabbatarians alfo, and no more then fo. And therefore we muft
-next fee what they do on the fcore of Presbytery, for fetting up whereof,
they had took the Covenant, called in the Scots, and m.ore infifted on
the abolition of theEpifcopal Fundlion then any other of the Propo-
fitions which more concern them. To this they made their way inihoCe
Demands which they fent to.Oxon, the Ordinance for Ordination of Mi-
nifters, and their advancing of the Diredlory in the fall of the Liturgy.
They had alfo voted down the Calling of Biftiops, fn the Houfe of Com-
mons, on ^f/*?. 8. 1642, andcaufedthe paflTirig of that Vote to be fo-
l^iemnized with Bells and Bonfires in the ftreets of London,zs if the whole
{City was as much concerned in it, as fome Faftious Citizens. But
knowing that little was to be effeded by the Propofiti^ns, and much
lefs by their Votes, they put them both into a Bill, which part the Houfe
of Peers on the third of February, fome two days after they had tendred
their Propofals toithe King at oxon. And by that Bill it was defired
^ tobeEnaded, That from the Fifth of November, (the day defigned
•^for the blowing up the Parliament by the Gun- powder Traytoi-s)which
lliould bein theyearof our Lord 1643,. there lliould hs no Archbijhops^
Btihop, Commiffaries. 8cc. (with all their Train recited in the oxon Arti-
cle, Numb.2 1.) jn the church o/England : That from thenceforth the Name,
Title, and Fun ff ion of Archbtfhofs, Bifhops, Chancellors, Sec. or likew'tfe the
having., ufin^, or exercifing any^unfdicfion, office, and Authority, byreafonor
colour ofanffuch N4me, Dignity, or Function, in the Realm of Eno\avLd,Jbould
utter ly^affd for ever ceafe. And that the King mighr yield tliefoonerto
the Alteration, they tempt him to it with a Claufe therein contained,
for putting him into the adual pdlTefliort of all the Caftles, Mannors,
Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, belonging to the faid Arch-
bishops, or Bilbops, or to any of them. And for .the Lands of Deans
and Chapters, the Brethren had a hope to parcel them amongft them-
felves, under the colour of encouraging and maintaining of a Prcach-
la<y Miniftry 5 fome forry pittance being allowed to the old Pro-
,prietaries
Lib. XIII. 'Wi)t^iUo^v(itti)t^t£^i\tttmm> ^6$
prietaries, and fome fliort Penfion during life ro the feveral Bi:.
Ihops.
5 2, Such was the tenour of the Bill ; which found no better enter*
tainment then their Propofitions. So that defpairing of obtaining the
Kings confent to advance Presbytery, they relolved to do it ofthem-
£t;lves,but not till they had btoken the Kings Forces at the Battel of
iNaisby: For on the i^th oi Jugufi then next following, they publifli « Di-
'rfc?/^/;^ in the name of the Lords and Commons, (after advice with
' their Divines of the Affemblyj for the chufingof if»//»^-£/i!/fninalI
', Congregations, and in the Clalfical Aflemblies, for the Citiesof Zo;?-
*^ ^0^ a.ad Wejimififier, a.nd the feveral Counties of the Kingdom, in or-
•^ der to the fpeedy fetling of Presbyterial Government. Amon^rt
^ which no fmall care was taken for making twelve Clafles of the Mi-
'nifters of Londm only ^ and after, for dividing each particular Coun-
' ty into feveral Clafis^ Avith reference to the largenefs and extent there-
_^ of Which Orders and Diredions were after feconded by the Ordi-
nance of Oc?<;^^r the 20th 5 containing certain Rules, for the fufpenfi-
on of fcandalous and ignorant perfons from the holy Supper, and giving
poweito certain perfons therein named, to fit as Judges and Tryers, as
well concerning the Eledtion, as the Integrity and Ability of all fuch
men as ar; eiedeJ fWtrj within any of the Twelve Clifcs of the Pro-
vince of £o;?^(?». It is not to be thought, but that the London Elder-
piifs made fufficient hade to.put themfelves into the adual poffeflion
of their new Authority. B,ut in the Country, moft men were fo cold
and backward, that the Lower Houfe was fain to quicken them with
fome frefli iJfp/x^ejj by whichitwas required on the^zo/^ of Fek Xff^*
choice be forthwith made of Elders .^ throughout, the Kingdom^ iiccordin<Tto ftich
former Direclions as had f aft both Houses', xnd that all cU([es and Parochial
Congregations, fl)oiild be thereby authtnfed effe^nally to p-oceed thereifif And
that the Church might be fuppli.d with able Minifters in all times fuc-
ceeding, the Power pf Ordination, fqtmerly.reftrained to ".certain per-
fons refiding in and about the City of io»iw, (according to the Ordi-
nance of the2<5^ofc»^o^. i644.)isnow communicated to the Minifters of
each feveral Clafjes, as men moft like to know the wants of the Parifl?-
Churches under their" Authority.
53. But here it is to be obferved, that, in the fetling of the PresbytSr
rian Government in the Realm of England^ as the Presbyteries were to
be fubordinate to the Claflical, Provincial, and National Affemblies of
the Church, fo were they all to be fubordinate to the Power of the
Parliament, as appears plainly by the Ordinanceof the i4?^of ^^rr^?',
jtyhich makes it quite another thing from the Scottilh Presbyteries, and
•otner Aflemblies of that Kirk, which held, themfelves to be fupream,
and. unaccountable in their aftings, without refped unto the King, the
Parliament, and the Courts of Juftice. : But the truth is, that as the
£«^/i//) generally were not willing to receive that yoak : fo neither did
the Houfes really intend to impofe it on them, though for a while to hold
fair quarter with the Scots, they feemed forward in it. And this appears
fufficiently by a Declaration of the Houfe of. Commons, publiflied on
thefeventeenthof-^/'n/ 164^, in which they fignifie. That they were
not able to confent to the granting of 4n jirbitrary a^d unlimited Power
Ooo Afjd
466 Ci^ f iftoji Of ti^e ^iegb^tey<ang. Lib. xiil.
And^ttrifdilfion to near Teitthcufand judicatories teheere^ed in the King-
dom xshich could not be cenftfient rvith the Fundamefital Laxvs and Government
of it^ And which bj nece(jaryc9nfequence did exclude the Parliament from ha-
ving am thing to do in that furijdiciion. On fuch a doubtful bottom did
Presbytery ftand, till the King had put himfelf into the Power of the
5fo;j, and that the Scots hzA polled him in all hafte to the Town of
Netvcaftle. Which caufed the Lords and Commons no lefs haftily tof
fpeed their Ordinance of the fifth of ^««f, F or the frefent [etlifig of the
Presbyter Jal Government^ without further delay^ as in the Title is exprtft.
And though it was declared in the end of that Ordinance, Thatitwas^
to be in force for three years only, except the Houfes (hould think ht
to continue it longer 5 yet were the London Minifters fo intent upoa
them, that they refolve to live no longer in fufpence, but 'ro proceed
coura'^ioufly in the execution of thofe feveral Powers which both by
Votes and Ordinances were intruded to them. And to make known to
all the World what they meant to do, they publilhed a Paper with this
Title, thac is to fay, Certain Confederations and Cautions agreed ufon by the
Mimflers of London W Weftminfter, and within the Lines of Commu>
nication, June the 19th 1646. According to which they refolve to pift the
Presbyterial Government intoexecution^ upon the Ordtmncei of parliament be-
fore fublijhed.
54. In which conjuncture it was thought expedient by the Houfes of
Parliament, to fend CommilTioners to Nemajile^ and by them to pre-
fent fuch Pro/'OJFf/o/'^ to his Sacred Ma jefty, as they c©nceived to be a-
greeable tohis prefent condition. In the fecond of which icwasdefi-
red, 7hAt according to the laudable Example of his Royal Father^ of happy mC'
mory, he would be p leafed to fwear and Jig» the Solemn League and Covenant^
audcAufeit tobe takenby Acts of Parliament in all his Kingdums and Eflates.
And in the third it was propofed, Thata Bill iliould pafs for the utter
abolifliing and taking away of Archbishops, Billiops, Chancellors,
CommilTaries, Deans, &c. as they occur before in the Oxen Articles,
Num. 21. That the Aflfembly of Divines, and Reformation of Religion,
according to the faid Covenant, (hould be forthwith fetledand con-
firmed by Ad of Parliament 5 and that fuch unity and uniformity be-
tween the Churches of both Kingdoms, (hould in like manner be con-
firmed by Adt of Parliament, as by the faid Covenant was required,
alter Advice firft had with the Divines of the faid AfTembly. It was
required alfo in the faid Propofitions, That he (hould utterly divert him-
felf of all power toproted his people, by putting the Militia into tha
hands of the Houfes 5 and that he (hould betray the greateft part of
the Lords and Gentry which had adhered unto him in the courfe of the
War, to a certain ruine 5 fome of which were to be excluded from all
hope of Pardon, asto thefaving of their Lives -, others to forfeit their
Eftates, and to lofe their Liberties 5 the Clergy to remain under feque-
ftration • the Lawyers of both forts to be difabled from the ufe of their
Callings. Demands of fuch unreafonable and horrid nature, as would
have rendred him inglorious and contemptible both at home and abtoad,
if they had been granted.
55. Thefe Propofitions were prefented to him on rhe eleventh day of
^uly,&iNen'caJlle, by the Earls of Pembroke and Stifolk, of the Houfe
of
Lib.xiii. '3r^ei^iaoj^oft]^e|&je0bftei:tan0, ^e^
of Peers-, Brk^ Hipjly^ Rchinforii znd 6 eodwin, itom the Houfe©f Com-
mons: Ofwhom Ins Majefty demanded, whether they came impower- ,
ed to treat with him or nor ^ And when they anfwered, That they had
no Authority fo to do: He prefently replied, That then the Houfes miohc
^as-wdlhuvc fent their Propojitiom iy an homft Trumfeter^ and fo parted
.with them for the prefent. His Majefty had fpenc the greateft part of
his time fince he came to Ncmafle, in managing a difpute abouf
Church Government with Mr. ^/fx<«Wer Henderfon^ the moft confide-
rable Champion for Presbytery in the Kirk of Scotland. Henderfon was
poffeft of all advantages of Books and Helps, which might enable him
to carry on fuch a Difputation. But His Ma;efty had the better caufe
and the ftronger Arguments. Furnillied with which, (though deftitute
of all other Helps then what he had within himfelf) he preft his Adver-
,l^ry fo hard, and gave fuch fatisfadtory Anfwers unto all his Cavils
that he lemalned Mafter of the Field, as may fufficiently appear by the'
Printed Papers. And it was credibly reported, that Henderfon was fo con-
founded with grief and fhame, that he fell into a defperate ficknefs
which in fine brought him to his Grave ; profe/Ting, as fome fay, that
he dyed a Convert 5 and frequently extolling thofe great Abilities which
when it was too late, he had found, in his Majefty. Of the particular
palTages of this Difputation, the EngliJJi Commiflioners had received
a full Information 5 and therefore purpofely declined all difeourfe with
his Majefty, by which the merit of their Propofitions might be called in
.queftion. AH that they did, was to infift upon the craving of a pofitive
Anfwer, that fo they might return unto thofe that fent them ; and fuch
an anfwer they fhail h^v., as will little pjeafe them . , '
5(5. For- though his Fortunes were brought fo low, that it was mt
thought fafe for hifn to deny them any thing . yet he demurred upon the
granting of fuch points as neither in Honour nor in Confcience could be
yeilded to them. Amongft which, thofe Demands whicli concerned Re-
ligion, and the aboliiliing of the ancient Government of the Church by
Archbifliops and BiQiops, may very juftly be fuppofed to be none of the
. leaft. But this delay being taken by the Houfes for a plain denial, and
wanting mony to corrupt the unfaithful Scots^ who could not otherwlfe
be tempted to betray their Sovcraign- theypaft an Ordinance for abo-
liftiing the Epifcopal Government, and fetling their Lands upon Truftees
for the ufe of the State. Which Ordinance being paft cjj the ninth of
O£iobcr, was to this effect •, that is to fay, That for the better raifmgs of
mmeysfor the ytjl andneceffary Debts of the Kingdom, in which ihe fme hath
been draw tbj a War mainly promoted in favour of Jrchbifhops and Bifljops,
and other their Adherents and Dependents ; it voas ordained, by the Authority
of the Lords and Commons^ That the Name, Tttle^ Stde andDfrnity of Arch-
bifhop of Cznierbuxy, ArchbilhopofYot;k, Bifhop c/ WincKefter, aniBt-
fhop e/ Durham, and all other Bifhops or Bifbopricks mthin the Kingdom^
fwuld from and af$r the fifth of St\>itu-\htt, 1646, then lafl p aft, be whol-
ly aboltjhed or taken away •, and that all perfom Ihould from thenceforth bs
difabled to hold that Place, FunCiton^ or Stile , within the Kin<rdom cf
England and Dominion e/ Wales, or the Town of Berwick, or exercife
any ^urifdt£iion or Authority thereunto formerly belonging, by vertui of
my Letters Patents from the Crown-) or any other Authority whatfever : any
O o 0 2 Law
4^8 €;i^e H^iltojt of t^c ^mWttim^. Lib. xiil.
Xrfir or 5^4/w^e fo the centrary fiotmthjlAndirig. As for their Lands ility were
ncttobeveftednowinthe Kingspcffeflion, as had been formerly inten-
ded • buL to be put into the power of fome Tiaftees which are therein
named, to bedilpofed oftofuch ufes, intents and purpofes> as the two
Houfesfh-uld appoint. ,r -rx.,
57. Amongft which ufes, none appeared to vilible, evento vuJgar
eyes, as the raifmg of huge Sums of mony to content iht Sects, who from
a ij/wf^/ywerelookedoTi as the Skknefs of the Commonwealth. The
Sects Demands am unted to Five hundred thoufand pounds of Englifh
mony, whichthey offered to make good onajuft accouut -, but were
content for quietnefs fake to take Two hundred thoufand pounds in full
fatisfadion. And yet they could not have that neifher,unlers they would
betray the King to the power of his Enemies. At firft they flood on
terms of Honour ^ and the Lord Chancellor Lowdon ranted to fome.tune
(as may be feen in divers of his Printed Speeches)con cerning the Indelible
CharaderofDifgrace and Infamy which muft be for ever imprinted
onthem,if they yielded to it. Butin theend, the i'rfj^j/fr;4»j on both
fidesdidfo play their parts, that the finfulContraft was concluded, by
which the King was to be put into the hands of fuch CommilLioners
as the two Houfes fhould appoint toreceive his Perfon. The Scots to
have One hundred thoufand pounds in ready mony, and the Fubliek
Faith {\v\i\c\v the Houfes very prodigally pawned upon all occafions) to
fecurc theother. According unto which Agreement his Nlajefty is fold
by his own Subjefts, and betrayed by his Servants 5 by f; much wifer
(as they thought) then the Tray tor ^udas-^hy how much they had made
a better Market, andraifed the price of the Commodity which they
were to fell. And being thus fold, he is deliver, d for the ufe of thofe
that bought him, into the cuftody of the Eadof Femi>roke, (who muft
be one in all theit Errands) theEarlof X)e»%^, and the Lord i1/c»;?/4-
ffue of Boughton, with twice as many Members of the Lower Houfe;\vith
whom he takes his Journey towards Holdenhy, before remembered, on
the ■'d of Feb, And there lo clofely watcht and guarded, that none of his
own Servants are permitted to repair unto him. MarP)iil/ and C aril, two
crreat fticklcrsin behalf of Presbytery, (but fuch as afret warped to the
^dependents) are by the Houfes nominated to attend as Chaplains. Bur
he refufed to hear them in their Prayers or Preachings,unlefs they would
officiate by the publick Liturgy, and bind themfelves unto the Rules of
the Church of England. Which not being able to obtain, he moves the
Houfes by his Meflage of the ijth of-chac month, to have :wo Chaplains
of his own. Which moft unchriftianly and moft barbaroufly they deni-
ed to grant him.
5'8. Having reduced him to this ftreight, they prefs him once again
with theit Propofitions ; which being the very fame which wasfent to
mmaftle, could not in prdbability receive any other Anfwer. This
made them keep a harder hand upon him then they did before- prrfu-
mine, that they might be able to extort thofe Concefljons from him
by the feverity and folifude of his reftraint, when their Perfwafions
were too weak, and their Arguments not ftrong enough to induce him
to it. But (^reat God 1 How fallacious are the thoughts of men ^ How
wretchedlv do we betray our felves to thofe finful hopes which never
fhall
{hall be anfwerable to our expeftation i» The Pm^;/m4^. had batter-
ed down Epfcopacy by the force of an or^/«,outed the great^ft part
of the Regular Clergy, of their Cures and Benefices , advanced theu
new Form of Government by the Votes oftheHoufes, and gouhe King
to their power, to make lure work of it. But when they thought them-
fe IveSe, they were mod unfafe. For bemg m the haght of aUiheir
Glor es and Projediiients, one ^o>ce. a Cornet of his Army, comes thi.
ther witha Party of Horfe, removes his Guards, and takes him ^ith
them to their Head Qiarters, which were then at Wchorn, a Town up-
on the North.weft RlTad in the County of Bedford : Followed not lo.g
after by fuch Lords and others as were commanded by the Houfes to
a rend upon him. Who not being very acceptable to the principal Of-
fices were within very few weeks difcharged of that Service By means
w hereof the Presbperkns loft all thofe great advantages which they had
amied to themfelves, and aiall be better husbanded to the ufeof their
Adverfark^^^^^^ ^^'^' ^° ^''' Majefties perfon, then
pomfit might h^ave done, if they had fuffered him to remain at HoL
5^»^v where the Houfcs fixe him. ,-,,.. , , u
so This area: turn happened on the fourth of ^C*;^, AmoiS^J- ^^-
fore he had'remained but four moneths in the Power of the Hoafes.
Who having brought the War to the end defired, poffeft them elves
of heKinesPerfon, and difmiffedthe 5r.^5,refolved upon disbanding a
arcat pa t!f the Army, that they might thereby eafj the peopl^of fome
■?ar of their burthens. But fome great Officers of the Army had their
Pro eds and Defigns apart, and did not think it confonant to common
prudence, that they Qiould either fpend their blood or confume their
Cth in raifing others to that Power which being acquired by
thcmfelves, might far more eafily beretained, then it had been gotten.
LlpTnt^^^^^^^ .rounds they are refolved againft disbanding, ftandjn
their ^ardsf and draw together towards X.«^.;;, contrary to the Will
and exprefs Commanimen't of their former Mafters, by whom they were
reauired to keep at a greater diftance. The Officers thereupon im-
oeachtne Members Sf the Lower Houfe - and knowing of what great
Tontu nee iVmlght be unto them to get the King into their Power
a P'o?'s laid to bring him into their head Quarters without noife and
trouble; which wafaccordingly effeded as before ,s faid, Thu. ^uve
the PrJiv/mW;. of both Nations, embroU the Kmgdorn firft in Tu-
rnuks aSerwards in a calamitous and deftrudive War. Inwhich
r S;ord wasSered to range at liberty, without deftrudion of Age,
Sex orOaaU J More goodly Houfes plundered and burnt down to the
P ou^l mo I'churchel facrilegioufly prophaned and fpoiled more
Blood po^rd^^^^ Water witf^i:. four years fpace, then had been
blooa pourec ou between T^rk and Lancaficr.
With^aVt^^ic Ipo 1 andluH Ruine they pure hafed nothing ^
rmfelveTbutaiameandinVamy.asmaybe fhownby taking a br^f
viSw of their true condition before and after they put the State intothefe
^'fj'^Tnd firft, the Scots not long before their breaking out againft
their KVna Lin the Court two Lords High Stewards and nyo
Gr^omsof'the Stool, fucceftively one after another. And at their a-
470 ci^el^iftoj^of ti^e |&tcj{bi?tet!fan0. Lib. xiii.
king np of Arms, they had a Mafter of the Horfe, a Captain of rh'
Guard, a Keeper of the Privy Purfe, leven Grooms of ciohr ;,, r-c
Majefties Bed Chamber, and an equal number at the kaft of Gen 1
Ulhers, Quarter- waiters, Cup-bearers, Carvers, Sewers, and other Offi"
cers attending daily at the Table. I fpeak not here of thole who had
places in the Stables, or below the Stairs 5 or of the Servants of thcS
Lords and Gentlemen, who either lived about the Court or had n?
fices in it. All which together make up fo confiderable a number th^t
the Court might well be called an Academy o( the S ecu K^'n •
whichfomany of all forts had their Breeding, Maintenance, and Pre"
ferment. Abroad, they had a Lieutenant of the Tower a Forr ^r c
moft confequence in all the Kingdom , and a Mafler-Gunner of the N^
vy, an6fficeofas greataTruft as theother : andmoreof thofeMo
nopohes. Suits, and Patents, which were conceived to be m^a •
to the Subjeas, then all the E.ghjb of the Court. In tLcLfXT'
had two Deanries, divers Prebendaries, and fo many Eccle/hfti.o i^^
"f 1\'^ ?"/,"^.' ?l the Revenues of the Kir^ oftSw' M
which they had loft l.ke ^>/. Dog, catching after a H^adow A i
yetbycatch.ngat that Ihadow they loft all thofe Advantage's ^S
before they had both in Court and Country j and that not o I f ^
prefent, but in all probability for the time to'come Surf, ur
the ^..f. by this brutifli bargain 5 but whether out ofvVeT.l) ""'T
Holy Difapline, or their great love to filthy lu^re, LthlZVr'
of their nature, or the rebellious humour of'the N^tir'rK'"^
gether,let themjudge that can. „ -.^^
Su If then the ^ft>/j became fuchlofers by the barcrain n.\r^r.nr
they did, as fure it is that their dear Brethren in the Sfeofp I"''
ry, the Punta^s or Presbyterians in the Realm of £WW "or 1^^'''^''-
it The£«^/^ W..laid nheirheadsandhaST4K 7, "^^^y
the Realm, out of a confidence, that havin- alienated rl^pi to embroil
ofthe Tribes from the Houfe of D.^;^, Sr.yZTAt^^^^
den Calves of their Presbyteries, in d/, and L^T and II "n V'^' P°'-
whatfoever within the Land. And for the mainSn.n. V^'^'r^^'^"
had devoured (in conceit) all Chapter^UnT^a^rpTrLl eTttm'^
mongft themfelves into ^ugmematio.s. But no fooner had thrv ^ ^'
this Bargain, but a Vote paffed for fellincr thofe L-indw^ ^'^y ^^'^^n
ment of the Debts of rhe'commonwearth U "h^^^^^^^^^^^
feetheirdearPresbytery fetled, or their Lay-Elder7ent.r7 i' '"^
one Parift,^ ofthe Kmgdom. For theadvan'cemt\ Sf h^C'
werefirftincouragedtobeoinathome, and afterward/r^?. ' r f '
Work by invading in £.^7.W. No; fared it beTte/l^h^r^^^^^
Adilopkls of the popular Party, who laboured in e:L^of .1'"'
Commonwealth, out of the Ruins of a Glorious and A n.-^L"^
chy. To which end they employed the P^'L' asfh^fitt^^^^^^^^
ments for drawing thepeople to their fide, and oreaAjn? . ''""
■ of their Intentions". Which Plot they had been^ca r v-n = "^ r'^' ^'V
firft coming of this King to the Crow'n of'.^w" fZ^d '" u'
Sacred Perfon into their poffblHon. Which made t em .L ^ h ,"^'
thofe Husband-men in S^Man/^en^s Go^^dT^fT^^ tZvh'rl-f^'^ '2
tance.
Lib. xiir. ci^e i^tftoj? of tl^e j&jejbf tetJianjf, 471
tance. A Commonwealth which they had founded, and foraodelled
in their brains, that neither Sir Thomas MoofsUtofia^ nor the Lord Ferti-
lam's new Atlantis, nor Plato s vktfdrm^ nor any of the old Idei\ were e-
qualtoit. The Honours and Offices whereof they had diftributed a-
mongft themfelves, and their own dependance. But having brouc'ht
the icing (though as it chanced by other hands) to the End they aimed,
and being intent on nothing more then the dividing of that rich Prey
amongft themfelves, gratifying one another with huge i'umsofmony,
and growing fat on the Revenues of the Crown, and the Lands of the
Church, and guarded as they thought by invincible Armies, they were
upon a fudden fcattered likethe duft be fore the wind, turned out of allj
and publicklyexpofed to contempt and fcom. All which was done fo
eafily, with fo little noire,that the lofs of that exorbitant Power did not
coft fo much as a broken Head, or a bloody Nofe 5 in purchafing where
of, they had wafted fo many Millions of Treafure, and more tnen One
hundred thoufand Lives.
Thus have we feen the dangerous Dodrines and Poficions, the fecret
Plots and open Pradiifes; the Sacrileges, Spoils and Rapines 5 the Tu-
mults, Murthers, and Seditions 5 the horrid Treafons and Rebellions,
which have been raifed by the Presbyterians in moft parts of Chriften-
dom, for the time of One hundred, years and upwards. Which ha-
X'ing feen, we lliaii conclude this Hiftory in the words of that Cenfure
which by the Doftorsof the SorboMnewz^onct pafledon the Jefuits 5
that is to fay, Videturhxc Soctetas in negotid jidei fericulofa^facU Ecclefiit ftr-
turbativa, Religionis reiia everjiva 5 & magis ad defim^ionem quam ad ddi^
cationtm.
FINIS.
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