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University of Illinois Library
M32
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XXII
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
NUMBER 1
AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
IN
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF HERPETOLOGY, MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
BY
ARTHUR LOVERIDGE
WILFRED H. Oscoop
CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 360
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CHICAGO, U.S.A.
AuGustT 15, 1936
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
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CONTENTS
BU OCUEIINN: a Aia is ste Ca At cng Fn vi ee ee
Summary of Taxonomic Changes ............. 7
ROG TRONS oe ee eh ont A aes 8
DA OOM Ss Ee es ae, ee Ae 15
OE RONOR Ps ret pee A en ad tye ee cores cde 18
© Snakes et ny Sheed eg Siete es aay cing | oe od ot 19
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AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
IN
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
BY ARTHUR LOVERIDGE
INTRODUCTION
The African herpetological collections of Field Museum may be
said to have started with twenty-two specimens brought back by
D. G. Elliot and Carl E. Akeley from British Somaliland in 1896.
Although most of these were referable to common and widespread
species, Coluber rhodorachis and Philochortus hardeggert were taken.
Neither of these can be considered anything but rare in museums.
During the years 1905-07, Akeley again visited Africa. He was
accompanied by Edmund Heller and together they collected in the
region now known as Kenya Colony. Two hundred and nineteen
reptiles and thirty-eight amphibians were secured, among them the
type series of Agama agama caudospinosa and a pair of the diminu-
tive snake Vipera hindi.
In 1925-26, Heller passed through Kenya to Uganda, where he
collected in the zoologically little-known Kigezi District and across
the border in Belgian Ruanda-Urundi and the Belgian Congo. On
this trip he secured 209 reptiles and 972 amphibians, the richest
herpetological results obtained by any of Field Museum’s African
expeditions. Apart from new races based on this material, the
rarities obtained by Mr. Heller are too numerous to list here; of
outstanding importance, however, are Cnemaspis dickersoni, Hemi-
dactylus ituriensis, and Algiroides boulengert.
About the same time, i.e. in 1926, J. T. Zimmer was engaged on
an ornithological reconnaissance which took him through Tanganyika
Territory, the eastern Belgian Congo and Uganda. Mr. Zimmer, in
addition to his avian studies, found time to gather 279 reptiles and
amphibians. Among these was an exceedingly rare file snake,
Mehelya chanleri, and a choice arboreal lizard, Holaspis guenthert.
The capture of the latter fills me with envy for it was obtained at
Uleia, only two days’ march south of Kilosa, where I spent two years
without seeing one.
It was also in 1926 that W. H. Osgood, accompanied by A. M.
Bailey and the late Louis A. Fuertes, visited Ethiopia. Prior to this
expedition there were only six reptiles from Ethiopia in Field
5
6 Fretp MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Museum. As a result of this trip, fifty-three specimens were added,
including the holotype of a very distinct toad, Bufo osgoodi, and
examples of Aeluroglena cucullata and Mocquardia obscura, repre-
senting two genera of which I believe no other specimens exist in
any American collection.!. In 1929, C. J. Albrecht secured fourteen
more reptiles and eight amphibians from Ethiopia, so the Field
Museum collection is relatively rich in material from this neglected
region. Mr. W. D. Hambly, while engaged in anthropological
studies for Field Museum in Angola, collected seventy-six specimens
of amphibians and reptiles.
The foregoing briefly summarizes the more important herpeto-
logical collections made by members of the museum staff in Africa.
Were these all, the material would be preponderantly eastern
and unrepresentative, but steps were taken by purchase and ex-
change to secure a well-balanced series. Thus Morocco is repre-
sented by ten specimens from the Riggenbach collections and
Algeria by two from the British Museum. By exchange forty-five
examples of Egyptian reptiles were obtained, as well as nine collected
by the famous Ruwenzori Expedition to the Mountains of the Moon.
From Cape Colony there are eighty-one reptiles and amphibians,
collected by A. S. Romer and F. C. Wecke; six specimens from the
Southwest Protectorate include Palmatogecko ranget and Aporosaura
anchietae, taken by J. Gaerdes. One of the most valuable collections
consists of eighty-two reptiles and amphibians from Cameroon and
Gaboon, representative of the West African fauna, which were
purchased from W. F. H. Rosenberg in 1923. These are supple-
mented by eight amphibia collected by Mrs. Edwin Cozzens, in-
cluding a series of Rana goliath, and Astylosternus robustus, the
so-called “‘hairy frog’’ of Africa. From Nigeria there are three
specimens, contributed by Miss E. A. Clark and Mr. William
Heckman.
Only a few small and unimportant accessions are omitted from
this summary, but enough has been said to show that the collection
is reasonably representative. It is weakest in material from Africa
west of the Cameroons and from the vast Sudan, and it would be
desirable to augment the collection from these areas.
This report deals only with the African collections of Field
Museum up to December 31, 1931, at which time there were 941
reptiles and 1,241 amphibians. Since then the Museum has been
‘Since this was written the Museum of Comparative Zoology has received
five examples of M. abyssinica from Addis Ababa.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 3
greatly enriched by the receipt of its share of the splendid material
resulting from the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition. The herpeto-
logical results of this expedition have been reported upon elsewhere
by Mr. V. Fitzsimons of the Transvaal Museum (Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, pp. 25-40 and pp. 519-550, 1932 and 1935). My thanks
are due to Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, curator of the herpetological
collections in Field Museum, for his unfailing kindness and helpful-
ness in answering questions, comparing material, and otherwise
aiding the production and publication of the report.
SUMMARY OF TAXONOMIC CHANGES
Only two papers dealing with the African herpetological col-
lections of Field Museum have appeared so far. Both were by the
late S. E. Meek (Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, pp. 175-184, 1897; ibid,
7, pp. 403-414, 1910), and it should be borne in mind that at the
time they were written Dr. Meek was dependent on the literature,
with no comparative material available. Even so, their appearance
was unfortunate, more particularly the first, in which every lizard was
misidentified and all the ‘“‘new’”’ forms were synonyms of well-known
species. The most useful purpose this earlier publication can serve
is as a warning to those contemplating publication with an inadequate
knowledge of the literature or without comparative material.
It seems advisable to publish the identifications which I have
made after a careful re-examination of Dr. Meek’s material. In the
paper dealing with Akeley’s collection from British Somaliland,
Meek lists seventeen species of which ten were incorrectly determined
as follows:
Psammophis sibilans= Psammophis biseriatus Peters
Varanus albigularis=Varanus ocellatus Heyden
Latastia carinata= Philochortus hardeggeri (Steindachner)
Eremias brenneri=Eremias mucronata (Blanford)
Mabuia varia= Mabuya striata (Peters)
Lyogsoma (sic) akeleyi=Chalcides o. ocellatus (Forskal)
Rhampholeon mandera= Rhampholeon k. robecchi Boulenger
Bufo garmani=Bufo r. regularis Reuss
Bufo viridis somalacus=Bufo blanfordii Boulenger
Phrynobatrachus hailiensis= Rana oxyrhynchus A. Smith
In the paper on Akeley’s British East African material only
eleven of the forty-four species listed are subject to correction. The
first two should not be considered errors as the races were described
subsequent to the appearance of the paper.
Testudo pardalis=Testudo pardalis babcocki Loveridge
Trimerorhinus tritaeniatus=Trimerorhinus t. multisquamis Loveridge
Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus= Rhamphiophis rostratus Peters
Psammophis sibilans= Psammophis subtaeniatus Peters
8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Causus resimus=Causus rhombeatus (Lichtenstein)
Hemidactylus brookii= Hemidactylus mabouia (M. de Jonnés)
Agama colonorum= Agama a. lionotus Boulenger
Chamaeleon ellioti=Chamaeleon b. bitaeniatus Fischer
Chamaeleon dilepis=Chamaeleon d. roperi Boulenger and
C. b. héhnelii Steindachner
Rana mascariensis Giinther (sic)= Rana m. mascareniensis D. and B.
and R. oxyrhynchus A. Smith
Rappia marmorata (Rapp)= Hyperolius striolatus Peters
Rappia cinctiventris (Cope)= Hyperolius striolatus Peters
Further references to synonymy, which result from the study of
the collection as a whole, are the following:
Typhlops batesii Boulenger=Typhlops steinhausi Werner
Masi variegatus Peters=Natrix fuliginoides (Giinther)
Simocephalus butleri Boulenger= Mehelya chanleri (Stejneger)
Simocephalus unicolor Boulenger= Mehelya chanleri (Stejneger)
Mehelya somaliensis Lénnberg and Andersson= Mehelya chanleri (Stejneger)
Chlorophis schubotzi Sternfeld=Chlorophis emini (Giinther)
Chlorophis heterodermus pobeguini Chabanaud=Chlorophis heterodermus
Hallowell
Chlorophis cyaneus Hecht=Chlorophis heterodermus Hallowell
Euprepes raddoni Gray= Mabuya blandingii (Hallowell)
Mabuya varia var. longiloba Methuen and Hewitt=Mabuya varia damaranus
(Peters)
Chalcides pulchellus Mocquard=Chalcides b. bottegi Boulenger
Chamaeleon jacksoni var. vauerescecae Tornier=Chamae. jacksoni Boulenger
Gampsosteonyx batesii Boulenger= Astylosternus diadematus Werner
Astylosternus oxyrhynchus Nieden=Scotobleps gabonicus Boulenger
Rana (Tomopterna) signata Ahl= R. delalandii cryptotis Boulenger :
Rana (Tomopterna) cacondana Ahl= R. delalandii cryptotis Boulenger
Rana unagratti Scortecci=R. galamensis bravana (Peters)
Rana fiechteri Scortecci= R. galamensis bravana (Peters)
Rana somalica Scortecci= R. galamensis bravana (Peters)
Phrynobatrachus versicolor Ahl=Phrynobatrachus dendrobates (Boulenger)
Phrynobairachus petropedetoides Ahl=Phrynobatrachus dendrobates (Boulenger)
Leptopelis rugegensis Ahl=Leptopelis karissimbensis Ahl
Rothschildia kounihensis Mocquard= Mocquardia obscura (Boulenger)
Phrynomantis nasuta Methuen & Hewitt= Phrynomerus annectens (Werner)
Hoplophryne marmorata Ahl= Phrynomerus annectens (Werner)
LOCALITIES FROM WHICH MATERIAL IS RECORDED
ALGERIA
Algiers. Capital and chief port of the country.
El Kantara. Southeast of Algiers 200 miles.
ANGOLA
Benguela (Benguella). The well-known port on the west coast,
12° 30’ S., 13° 20’ E.
Cabiri. A few miles west of St. Paul de Loanda.
Cuma. District of Huambo, Province of Benguela.
Dondo (Ndondo). On the Quanza River southeast of St. Paul
de Loanda.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 9
BELGIAN CONGO
Bambuni. At the western base of the Ruwenzori Range.
Beni. This is old Beni, a well-known post in the Semliki Valley
just north of Lake Edward.
Bugongo Ridge. On the western watershed of the Ruwenzori
Range. Alt. 9,500 feet.
Bukama. Between, and a little to the east of Lakes Edward and
Kivu; close to the former western corner of the boundary
between Uganda and former German East Africa.
Bunia. Forty miles northeast of Irumu, which see.
Ibala. On Musongi Creek on the western watershed of the
Ruwenzori Range. Alt. 7,000 feet.
Trumu. A little west of the south end of Lake Albert.
Kabengere. On the Luapula River, which flows from Lake
Bangweulu to Lake Mweru.
Kalongi Village. On the western watershed of the Ruwenzori
Range. Alt. 8,500 feet.
Katobwe. On the upper Lualaba River, about sixty miles north
of Bukama.
Kivu, Lake. Due north of Lake Tanganyika. Its western half
lies in the Congo but the eastern portion is in Belgian Ruanda-
Urundi.
Mambawanga Hill. Forty miles west of Beni, which see.
Ruchuru (Rutschuru). An important government post midway
between Lakes Edward and Kivu.
Walikale. A government post seventy-five miles due west of the
extreme northwest corner of Lake Kivu.
BELGIAN RUANDA-URUNDI
Kisenji (Kissenji, and also Kissegnies in Wollaston, 1908, ““From
Ruwenzori to the Belgian Congo”). An important govern-
ment post on the northeast shore of Lake Kivu.
Kivu, Lake. Due north of Lake Tanganyika. Heller collected
both on the Congo and Ruanda shores of this beautiful lake.
BRITISH SOMALILAND. See SOMALILAND PROTECTORATE
CAMEROON
Akok. A coastal town near Kribi at the mouth of the Kribi
River, southern Cameroon.
10 FreELD Museum or NATURAL HistorY—Zoo.oey, Vou. XXII
Batan. Possibly an abbreviation or error for Batanga, which see.
Batanga. Either Little or Great Batanga lying to the north and
south of Kribi on the coast.
Bitye. On the Ja River.
Efulen. About seventy-five miles southeast of Lolodorf, 2° 40’
N., 10° 45’ E.
Ja River (Dscha River). About seventy-five miles east of Kribi.
Kribi River. Discharges into the Atlantic Ocean at Kribi,
southeast of Fernando Po.
Lolodorf. On the Lokundu River, fifty miles inland from Little
Batanga.
CAPE PROVINCE, UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA
Bechuanaland. An area of Cape Province lying to the north of
Griqualand and the Orange River, south of the Bechuanaland
Protectorate and west of the Transvaal.
Lady Frere. A few miles northeast of Queenstown and about a
hundred miles northwest of East London.
Kleinzee. Near Port Nolloth, which see.
Port Elizabeth. In Algoa Bay midway between Cape Town and
Durban.
Port Nolloth. Near the boundary of the Southwest African
Protectorate and about 500 miles due northwest of Cape Town.
EGYPT
Alexandria. The large Egyptian port.
Cairo. Capital and chief city of Egypt; 30° 10’ N., 31° 10’ E.
Giza (Gizeh). A suburb of Cairo, which see.
Karnak. Near Luxor, lower Nile.
Suez and Ismailia. Ismailia lies halfway between Port Said and
Suez on the Suez Canal. Suez is at the southeastern entrance
of the Canal.
Tel el Amarna. On the Nile 175 miles south of Cairo.
ETHIOPIA (ABYSSINIA)
As these Ethiopian localities are on few maps, the latitude and
longitude are given. The spelling adopted, except in the case of the
Webi Shebeli, is that of the Times ‘“‘Map of Abyssinia’”’ revised in
1935. I am indebted to Dr. W. H. Osgood for defining or assisting
in locating many of these places.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 11
Addis Ababa. Capital and chief town of Ethiopia, also terminus
of the railway from Jibuti, French Somaliland; 9° 4’ N., 38°
50’ E.
Albasso Mountain. An elevated region at the northeastern end
of the Chilalo Range, Arusi Province; 7° 50’ N., 39° 30’ E.
Allata. Former capital of Sidamo Province, northeast of Lake
Abaya; 6° 33’ N., 38° 28’ E.
Awadi River. A small stream flowing into Lake Shala from the
east. Arusi Province.
Bisan River. In Sidamo Province, near Boran country.
Chilalo Mountains. Arusi Province, southeast of Lake Zwai;
7° 44’ N., 39° 24’ E.
Devark. Village northeast of Gondar near the base of Simien
Mountains; 18° 8’ N., 37° 55’ E.
Dungulbar. Village on west side of Lake Tana, Gojjam Province;
11° 58’ N., 37° 2 E.
Gatelo (Gatalo). Southeast of Lake Abaya in Sidamo Province;
5° 57’ N., 38° 12’ E.
Gedeb Mountains. Near Dodolo on south side of upper Webi
Shebeli River in Bale District; 6° 55’ N., 39° 10’ E.
Gendoa River. A tributary of the Atbara River flowing northwest
to the Sudan border, Dembea Province; 12° 30’ N., 36° 30’ E.
Gondar. Well-known town a few miles north of Lake Tana;
12° 34’ N., 37° 81’ E.
Harar (Harrar). An important town southeast of Diredawa and
about 100 miles southeast of Jibuti; 9° 15’ N., 42° 10’ E.
Harsit Barri. In Ogaden district near boundary of British
Somaliland about 200 miles southeast of Harar.
Haud. Elevated country along the British Somaliland border
about 200 miles due south of Berbera.
Metemma. Ethiopian village at Sudan border opposite Gallabat;
12° 58’ N., 36° 10’ E.
Shala, Lake. A Rift Valley lake, about 100 miles south, slightly
southwest, of Addis Ababa; 7° 25’ N., 38° 30’ E.
Sheik Hussein. South side of Webi Shebeli River about 100 miles
south of Awash railway station; 7° 38’ N., 40° 43’ E.
12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Tana (Tsana), Lake. In Amhara Province about 500 miles due
south of Suakin and 400 miles west of Jibuti; 12° N., 37°
15’ EB.
Webi Shebeli River. A well-known river rising in western Arusi
and flowing east and southeast through broken foothills to
Italian Somaliland.
Zegi. On Lake Tana, which see.
FRENCH CONGO
Abanga River. A confluent of the Ogowe River in the Gaboon
District.
Fan Topat. On the Ogowe River.
Lambarene. On the Ogowe River about 100 miles due east of
Cape Lopez.
Ngama. On the Ogowe River.
KENYA COLONY
Aberdare Mountains. A range of mountains about halfway
between Lake Naivasha and Mount Kenya. Summits said
to be 11,000-12,000 feet.
Athi Plains. North and east of Nairobi.
Elmenteita, Lake. Near Elmenteita Station (6,012 feet) on the
Kenya-Uganda Railway between Naivasha and Nakuru.
Gilgil. Between Naivasha and Nakuru. Alt. 6,581 feet.
Kenya, Mount. Situated about 135 miles north of Nairobi.
Alt. 17,040 feet.
Kiabe. Kijabe Station is on the Kenya-Uganda Railway
between Nairobi and Naivasha. Alt. 6,787 feet.
Lagari. Mau District, south of Elburgon Range, west of the
Rift Valley.
Lukenya Hills. On the Athi Plains east of Nairobi. Also spelled
Alucania, Ulucania, Ulukenia, Lukenya, ete.
Machakos. Close to Ulu Station (5,252 feet) on the Kenya-
Uganda Railway, approximately 30 miles southeast of
Nairobi. Alt. about 5,000 feet.
Molo. Astation on the Kenya-Uganda Railway between Nakuru
and Londiani. Alt. 8,064 feet.
Nairobi. Capital of the colony with station on the railway 327
miles from Mombasa and 260 miles from Kisumu. Alt.
5,452 feet.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 13
Naivasha. A station on the Kenya-Uganda Railway close to the
famous lake from which it takes its name. Alt. 6,231 feet.
Tsavo. A station on the Kenya-Uganda Railway 136 miles
northwest of Mombasa. Alt. 1,525 feet.
Voi. A station on the Kenya-Uganda Railway 103 miles oe
west of Mombasa. Alt. 1,834 feet.
Morocco
Atlas Mountains. The well-known range running approximately
east and west across the country.
Mogador. Principal seaport on ne west coast, lying northeast
of the ey ee
NIGERIA | . : ; z
Agberi. On the Niger River in southern Nigeria, about seventy-
five miles from the mouth of the river.
Marama. Not located.
Zungeru. An important town in northern Nigeria, i in the ince
Province.
SOMALILAND PROTECTORATE
Berbera. Chief port and capital town, inne due isnt of and
opposite Aden, Arabia.
Betteran. About halfway between Berbera and Laferug..
Durban. About twenty miles east of Berbera, near the coast.
Halleh. Thirty miles southeast of Berbera, at the foot of the
-Golis Mountains.
Hullieh (Hullier). A few miles southeast of Hargeisa.
. Mandera. At base of Golis Mountains, near Jerato Pass.
Sheik. In the Golis (Goolis) Mountains. It is the seat of
Government and connected by fifty miles of motor road with
Berbera. Rainfall 11.7 inches per annum. Alt. 4,500 feet.
Toyo Plain. South of Berbera 150 miles, in the Haud.
SOUTHWEST PROTECTORATE (GERMAN SOUTHWEST AFRICA)
Namib Desert. Coastal region of Southwest Africa.
SPANISH GUINEA
Benito River. Principal river of Spanish Guinea.
SUDAN
Durrur (Dooroor). Near Suakin, which see.
14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
Suakin. The old port on the Red Sea, now superseded by Port
Sudan, which lies a little north of Suakin.
Wadi Halfa. On the Nile near the northern border of the
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. ;
TANGANYIKA TERRITORY (GERMAN EAST AFRICA)
Dodoma. Chief town of Ugogo and the Central Province. On
the Central Railway about 260 miles west of Dar es Salaam.
Alt. 3,890 feet.
Kitete. Mahenge District.
Mahenge. Chief town of Mahenge District. Situated about
140 miles due south of Kilosa on the Central Railway.
Manka, Lake. Seven miles south of Mkomazi Station on the
Tanga-Moshi line and thirty miles northwest of Mombo
Station.
Matameras. Mahenge District.
Mitiangu. Mahenge District.
Mnazi. At the northern foot of the western Usambara Moun-
tains, forty miles due north of Lushoto.
Uleia. A native village on the Kilosa-Iringa Road twenty miles
south of Kilosa on the Central Railway.
Ulambo. Mahenge District.
UGANDA
Bihunga (Behungi). On the eastern slopes of the Ruwenzori
Mountains. Alt. 8,300 feet.
Budu (Buddu) shore. The northwestern shore of Lake Victoria
in the Budu District.
Bulukutont. On the road from Rhino Camp to Arua. Alt.
2,500 feet.
Bunyont, Lake. In extreme southwestern Uganda.
Kigezt District. In the southwestern corner of the Western
Province.
Kisolo. In the Kigezi District, which see.
Northern Province. Lying between the West Nile Province and
the Eastern Province.
Rhino Camp. On the west bank of the Nile at 2° 55’ N., in the
West Nile Province (former Lado Enclave).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 15
Ruwenzori Mountains. Lying between Lakes Albert and Edward
in the Western Province and on the Uganda-Congo border.
Maximum alt. 16,794 feet.
Sabinio, Mount. One of the Kivu volcanoes which lies partly
in Uganda and partly in Belgian territory. Alt. 8,500 feet.
Sese Islands. A group of islands in the northwest corner of
Lake Victoria but southwest from Entebbe.
White Nile District. The region lying between Lake Albert and
Nimule on the Uganda-Sudan border.
LIST OF SPECIES IN FIELD MUSEUM
(*signifies a type or paratype series)
Class REPTILIA
Order TESTUDINATA
Family TESTUDINIDAE
Testudo pardalis babcocki Loveridge Testudo torniert Siebenrock
Kinizys belliana Gray
Family PELOMEDUSIDAE
Pelusios sinuatus (Smith) Pelomedusa galeata (Schoepff)
Order SQUAMATA
Family TYPHLOPIDAE
Typhlops punctatus punctatus (Leach) Typhlops steinhausi Werner
Family BOIDAE
Python sebae (Gmelin)
Family COLUBRIDAE
Subfamily COLUBRINAE
Natriz fuliginoides (Giinther) Coluber ulentulus Geoffroy
Natriz olivacea olivacea (Peters)
Natriz viperina (Latreille)
Bothrolycus ater Giinther
Seg lemniscatus (Duméril and
Bibron)
Boaedon guttatus (Smith)
Boaedon lineatus Duméril and Bibron
Boaedon olivaceus (A. Duméril)
Lycophidion capense capense (Smith)
Lycophidion fasciatum (Giinther)
ehelya chanleri chanleri (Stejneger)
Pseudaspis cana (Linnaeus)
Coluber rhodorachis (Jan)
Coluber hippocrepis Linnaeus
Aeluroglena cucul Boulenger
Chlorophis carinatus Andersson
Chlorophis heterodermus Hallowell
Chlorophis neglectus (Peters
Chlorophis irregularis (Leach)
Philothamnus semivariegatus semivarie-
gatus (Smith)
Gastropyxis smaragdina (Schlegel)
Hapsidophrys lineata Fischer
Coronella semiornata semiornata Peters
Grayia tholloni Mocquard
Grayia ornata (Bocage)
Duberria lutrix shiranum (Boulenger)
Subfamily DASYPELTINAE
Dasypeltis scaber (Linnaeus)
16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Boiga pulverulenta (Fischer)
Dipsadoboa unicolor Giinther
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia hotamboeia
(Laurenti)
Amplorhinus nototaenia (Giinther)
Malpolon monspessulanus’ monspessu-
lanus (Hermann)
*Trimerorhinus tritaentatus multisqua-
mis Loveridge
Rhamphiophis rostratus Peters
Subfamily BoIGINAE
Dromophis
lineatus (Duméril and
Bibron)
Psammophis subtaeniatus Peters
Psammophis sibilans (Linnaeus)
Psammophis furcatus Peters:
Psammophis biseriatus Peters
Psammophis crucifer (Daudin)
Macroprotodon cucullatus (Geoffroy)
_ Thelotornis kirtlandii (Hallowell)
Dispholidus typus (Smith)
Miodon gabonensis. (Duméril) -
Elapops modestus Ginther
Subfamily ELAPINAE
Elapsoidea giintherti Bocage :
Naja melanoleuca Hallowell
Naja nigricollis nigricollis Reinhardt
Naja goldit Boulenger
Elaps lacteus (Linnaeus)
Dendraspis jamesoni kaimosae Lov-
_ eridge
Dendsaepes angusticeps (Smith)
Family VIPERIDAE
Causus rhombeatus (Lichtenstein)
Causus resimus (Peters)
Causus lichtensteinii (Jan)
Vipera hindii Boulenger
Bitis arietans (Merrem)
Bitis gabonica | (Duméril' and Bibron)
Bitis nasicornis (Shaw)
Bitis cornuta (Daudin)
‘Bitis caudalis (Smith)
Echis carinatus (Schneider)
- Atheris squamigera (Hallowell)
Atheris nitschet Tornier
Atractaspis bibronii Smith
Atractaspis microlepidota Giinther
re Suborder LACERTILIA
Family GEKKONIDAE
Hemitheconyx caudicinctus (Duméril)
Stenodactylus sthenodactylus sthenodac-
tylus (Lichtenstein)
Palmatogecko rangei. Andersson
Gymnodactylus trachyblepharus Boettger
Cnemaspis dickersoni (Schmidt)
Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de
Jonnés)
Hemidactylus fasciatus Gray
Hemidactylus ituriensis Schmidt
‘ Hemidactylus sinaitus Boulenger
Hemidactylus brookii Gray
Lygodactylus _picturatus
(Peters)...
Se Mt sa picturatus gutturalis (Bo-
picturatus
Tiaceniola mauritanica mauritanica
(Linnaeus)
- Tarentola annularis (Geoffroy)
Pachydactylus mariquensis Smith
Pachydactylus austeni Hewitt
Family AGAMIDAE
Agama mutabilis Merrem
Agama flavimaculata (Riippell)
Agama pallida Reuss
Agama hispida brachyura Boulenger
Agama hispida aculeata Merrem
Agama atra atra Daudin
Agama mossambica montana Barbour
and Loveridge
Agama agama agama (Linnaeus)
Agama agama subsp.
Agama agama lionotus Boulenger
*Agama agama usambarae Barbour &
Loveridge
Agama planiceps planiceps Peters
*Agama planiceps caudospinosa Meek
Agama atricollis Smith
Agama cyanogaster (Riippell)
Uromastix ocellatus Lichtenstein
Family ZONURIDAE
Zonurus macropholis Boulenger
Zonurus cordylus cordylus (Linnaeus)
Family VARANIDAE
Varanus albigularis angolensis Schmidt
Varanus ocellatus Heyden
Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus)
1936
AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 17
Family LACERTIDAE
Lacerta jacksoni Boulenger
Algiroides boulengeri Peracca
Latastia 1. longicaudata (Reuss)
Latastia longicaudata revoili (Vaillant)
Philochortus hardeggeri (Steindachner)
Acanthodactylus pardalis pardalis
(Lichtenstein)
Acanthodactylus boskianus asper (Au-
douin)
Acanthodactylus scutellatus scutellatus
(Audouin)
Eremias spekii spekii Giinther
Eremias mucronata (Blanford)
Eremias guttulata guttulata (Lichten-
stein)
Eremias rubropunctata (Lichtenstein)
Eremias lineo-ocellata Duméril and Bib-
ron
Scapteira reticulata Bocage
Scapteira ctenodactyla (Smith)
Aporosaura anchietae (Bocage)
Holaspis guentheri Gray
Family GERRHOSAURIDAE
Gerrhosaurus major major Duméril
Gerrhosaurus major zechi Tornier
Gerrhosaurus f. flavigularis Wiegmann
Gerrhosaurus f. nigrolineatus Hallowell
Family SCINCIDAE
Mabuya maculilabris (Gray)
Mabuya polytropis Boulenger
Mabuya blandingii (Hallowell)
Mabuya brevicollis (Wiegmann)
Mabuya megalura (Peters)
Mabuya quinquetaeniata obsti Werner
Mabuya quinquetaeniata TANT OP RAGA
(Lichtenstein)
Mabuya varia varia (Peters)
Mabuya varia damaranus (Peters)
Mabuya striata (Peters)
Emoia breviceps (Peters)
Riopa fernandi (Burton)
Riopa sundevallit (Smith)
Siaphos graueri graueri (Sternfeld)
*Siaphos meleagris hellert Loveridge
Ablepharus wahlbergii (Smith)
Scincus scincus scincus (Linnaeus)
Chalcides ocellatus ocellatus (Forskal)
Chalcides ocellatus tiligugu (Gmelin)
Chalcides bottegi bottegi Boulenger
Chalcides bottegi thierryi Tornier
Chalcides delislit Boulenger
Chalcides sepoides (Audouin)
Scelotes bipes (Linnaeus)
Feylinia currori currori Gray
Typhlosaurus meyeri Boettger
Typhlosaurus vermis Boulenger
Suborder RHIPTOGLOSSA
Family CHAMAELEONTIDAE
Chamaeleon chamaeleon (Linnaeus)
Chamaeleon basiliscus Cope
Chamaeleon senegalensis Daudin
Chamaeleon gracilis gracilis Hallowell
Chamaeleon dilepis dilepis Leach
Chamaeleon dilepis roperi Boulenger
Chamaeleon b. bitaeniatus Fischer
Chamaeleon b. ellioti Giinther
Chamaeleon b. rudis Boulenger
Chamaeleon b. héhnelii Steindachner
Chamaeleon pumilus Daudin
Chamaeleon affinis Gray
Chamaeleon namaquensis Smith
Chamaeleon cristatus Stutchbury
Chamaeleon jacksoni Boulenger
Chamaeleon johnstoni Boulenger
ayes oraaaty kerstenii robecchiit Bou-
Rhampholeon cgut teaekhalz’
Class AMPHIBIA
Order ECAUDATA
Family PIPIDAE
*Xenopus laevis bunyoniensis Loveridge
Xenopus laevis victorianus Ahl
Family BUFONIDAE
*Bufo regularis kisoloensis Loveridge
Bufo regularis regularis Reuss
Bufo camerunensis camerunensis Parker
Bufo funereus Bocage
Bufo tuberosus Giinther
Bufo gariepensis gariepensis Smith
Bufo superciliaris Boulenger
nds carens Smith
Bufo blanfordii Boulenger
*Bufo osgoodi Loveridge
Nectophryne afra Buchholz and Peters
18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Family RANIDAE
Scotobleps gabonicus Boulenger Rana ansorgii Boulenger
Trichobatrachus robustus Boulenger Rana galamensis bravana (Peters)
Astylosternus diadematus Werner Rana albolabris Hallowell
Rana goliath Boulenger Petropedetes newtonii (Bocage)
Rana crassipes Buchholz and Peters Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith)
coe ease. herria rede Phrynobatrachus graueri (Nieden)
ana occipitalis Giinther ‘
Rana delalandii delalandii (Duméril and P'rynobairachus dendrobates (Boulen
Bibron) Phrynobatrachus plicatus (Giinther)
Rana fuscigula angolensis Bocage
Rana cooperi Parker Phrynobatrachus acridoides (Cope)
* ae Arthroleptis variabilis Matschie
ape bak eatpenidtadined Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters
Rana ‘mascareniensis mascareniensis Arthroleptis minutus Boulenger
Duméril and Bibron Arthroleptis ogoensis Boulenger
Rana m, uzungwensis Loveridge Arthroleptis rouxt Nieden
Rana mascareniensis subsp. Hemisus marmoratum marmoratum
Rana mascareniensis venusia Werner (Peters)
Family POLYPEDATIDAE
Chiromantis rufescens (Giinther) Hyperolius picturatus Peters
Leptopelis bocagii (Giinther) Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl
Leptopelis brevirostris (Werner) Hyperolius multicolor Ah]
Leptopelis palmatus (Peters) Hyperolius graueri Ahl
Leptopelis aubryi (Duméril) Hyperolius argentovittis Ahl
Leptopelis ocellatus (Mocquard) Hyperolius decoratus Ahl
Leptopelis karissimbensis Ahl Hyperolius punctulatus (Bocage)
Megalixalus fornasinti (Bianconi) Hyperolius striolatus Peters
Megalixalus dorsalis (Peters) Hyperolius undulatus (Boulenger)
Megalixalus leptosomus (Peters) Hyperolius simus Ahl
Hyperolius spp. Hyperolius cinnamome-ventris Bocage
Hyperolius steindachneri Bocage Hyperolius nasutus Giinther
Hyperolius ocellatus Giinther Mocquardia obscura (Boulenger)
Hyperolius concolor (Hallowell) Kassina_ senegalensis (Duméril and
Hyperolius pleurotaenius (Boulenger) Bibron)
Family BREVICIPITIDAE
Breviceps adspersus Peters Phrynomerus bifasciatus (Smith)
Phrynomerus annectens (Werner)
TESTUDINIDAE
Testudo pardalis babcocki Loveridge.
Testudo pardalis Meek, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 184, 1897 (not of Bell).
Testudo pardalis babcocki Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 79, p. 4, 1935—
Mount Debasien, Karamoja, Kenya Colony, 5,500 feet.
1 (2778): Southwest Mount Kenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2779): Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
The specimen from Toyo plain, collected by Akeley in 1896, has
not been traced.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 19
Testudo tornieri Siebenrock.
Testudo tornieri Siebenrock, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. K1., 24
p. 185, 1903—Bussisi (i.e. Rusisi), Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
Testudo (Malacochersus) torniert Lindholm, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 81, p. 285,
1929.
4 (5616-9): Dodoma, Tanganyika Territory (Loveridge, 1921).
Kinixys belliana Gray.
Kinixys belliana Gray, Synopsis Rept., p. 69, 1831—habitat unknown.
Cinixys belliana Boulenger, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., p. 143, 1889; Meek, Field
Mus., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 414, 1910.
1 (2272): Athi Plains, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Though several races of belliana have been proposed by Hewitt,
trinomials are not employed until there are more substantial grounds
of proof that these races are not based on individual variations.
PELOMEDUSIDAE
Pelusios sinuatus (Smith).
Sternothaerus sinuatus Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, pl. 1, 18838—South Africa
“in rivers to the north of 25° S. latitude’; Boulenger, Cat. Chel. Brit.
Mus., p. 194, 1889.
1 (1780): Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Pelomedusa galeata (Schoepff).
Testudo galeata Schoepff, Hist. Testud., p. 12, pl. 3, fig. 1, 1792—‘‘Habitat in
India orientale, Carolina.”
Pelomedusa galeata Boulenger, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., p. 194, 1889; Meek,
Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 414, 1910.
1 (2273): Lukenya Hills, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
TYPHLOPIDAE
Typhlops punctatus punctatus (Leach).
Acontias punctatus Leach, in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee, p. 498, 1819—Fantee,
Gold Coast.
_Typhlops punctatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 42, 1893.
1 (4034): Kribi River, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 28. Total length 245mm. Diameter 9 mm.
Diameter included in the length 27 times. /23 % af thn. due ¢ 2 0)
Trinomials are used, as in the outlying rain forests of the Usambara
and Uluguru Mountains in East Africa there occurs a well-marked
20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
race (gierraz) with occasional intermediates. The Kribi specimen is
of the color form congestus, which cannot be considered either as a
race or as a distinct species.
Typhlops steinhausi Werner.
Typhlops steinhausi Werner, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., 26, p. 209, 1909—
Cameroon.
Typhlops batesit Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 8, p. 370, 1911—-Bitye,
Cameroon.
1 (4035): Kribi River, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 26. Total length 305mm. Diameter 8 mm.
Diameter included in the length 38 times.
This specimen has been compared with M.C.Z. 8242 from
Lolodorf, Cameroon, previously identified as steznhausi; the latter
has midbody scale-rows 26. Total length 365mm. Diameter 9 mm.
Diameter included in the length 40 times. In Werner’s two cotypes
the diameter was included from 41 to 45 times. Werner compares
steinhaust with elegans. It is undoubtedly more closely related to
punctatus from which it is to be distinguished only by its more
elongate form and in possessing a preocular which is a trifle narrower
than that of punctatus. For example, specimens of punctatus of 300
and 365 mm. have midbody diameters of 9 and 13 mm. respectively;
this results in the diameter being included in the total length 23 to 28
times as against 38 to 49 times in steznhausi of the same size. This
greater slenderness of steznhausi is immediately noticeable when a
snake of that species is placed with a series of punctatus.
In 1915 the Museum of Comparative Zoology received from
W. F. H. Rosenberg, of London, a topotype of T. bateszz collected by
Bates and in all probability identified by Boulenger. In looking
up the description of batesz7 I find that Boulenger compared it with
punctatus. He states ‘eyes hidden,’ while of steznhaus: Werner
wrote “eyes scarcely distinguishable.’”’ Elsewhere (Loveridge,
1933, p. 214) I have shown the fallaciousness of this character. Our
specimen (M.C.Z. 11294) has: Midbody scale-rows 26, total length
394 (885+9) mm., diameter 8 mm.; diameter included in the length
49 times. Boulenger’s types were from 39 to 40 times.
BOIDAE
Python sebae (Gmelin).
Coluber sebae Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 1118, 1788—no type locality.
Python sebae Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 86, 1893.
1 (12843): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 21
1 (12972): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (13121): Rhino Camp, Uganda (Zimmer, 1926).
These specimens have been identified by K. P. Schmidt and have
not been examined by the author.
COLUBRIDAE (COLUBRINAE)
Natrix fuliginoides (Giinther).
Coronella fuliginoides Giinther, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., p. 39, 1858—West
Africa.
Mizodon variegatus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 358, 1861—Gold
Coast.
Tropidonotus fuliginoides Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 217, 1893.
1 (4030): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
3 (4031-3): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 15-17; ventrals 125-1380; anal entire or
divided; subcaudals 66-85; labials 7-8, fourth and fifth entering the
orbit except on the right side of the head in Number 4033 where
the fourth only enters; preoculars 2; postoculars 3; there is a wide
variability in the relative length of the anterior and posterior chin-
shields though the posterior are always the longer; the longest are
one and two-thirds times the length of the anterior. Largest speci-
men measures 424 (294+130) mm.
On the basis of the variability of the Bitye series I have no
hesitation in assigning variegatus (15 midbody scale-rows) to the
synonymy of fuliginoides (17 midbody scale-rows); both types occur
at Bitye and their coloration is identical.
Natrix olivacea olivacea (Peters).
Coronella olivacea Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 622, 1854—Tete,
Mozambique.
Tropidonotus olivaceus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 227, 1893.
1 (12987): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 19; ventrals 140; anal divided; subcaudals?;
labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit. A broad, dark, vertebral
band; the lateral pigmentation encroaches on the edges of the
ventrals.
Natrix viperina (Latreille).
Coluber viperinus Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., 4, p. 49, pl., 1802—near Brive,
Dept. Correze, France (restricted).
Tropidonotus viperinus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 235, 1893.
3 (4039-41): Atlas Mountains, Morocco (Riggenbach).
22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
Midbody scale-rows 21-23; ventrals 158-159; anal divided;
subcaudals 56-66; labials 7, third and fourth entering the orbit.
Largest specimen measures 438 (356+82) mm.
Bothrolycus ater Giinther.
Bothrolycus ater Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 444, pl. lvii, fig. B, 1874—
Cameroon; Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 326, 1893.
2 (4001-2): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 140-143; anal entire; caudals
31-32; labials 7, third, fourth, and fifth entering the orbit. Larger
snake measures 416 (855+61) mm. The top of the head and nape
of the younger snake is cream-colored in striking contrast to the
white-flecked, black head of the adult.
Pseudoboodon lemniscatus (Duméril and Bibron).
Boaedon lemniscatum Duméril and Bibron, Erpét. Gén., 7, p. 365, 1854—
Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
Boodon lemniscatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 329, 1893.
Pseudoboodon gascae Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torin, 12, No. 273, p. 1, 1897—
Maldi, Eritrea.
Lamprophis abyssinicus Mocquard, Bull. Mus. Paris, 12, p. 249, 1906—Akaki,
Ethiopia. ;
1 (12526): Chilalo Mountains, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 23; ventrals 206; anal entire; subcaudals 43;
labials 8, third, fourth, and fifth entering the orbit; preocular 1;
postoculars 2; temporals 1+2. Total length 805 (707+98) mm.
Boaedon guttatus (Smith).
Lycodon guitatus A. Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, pl. xxiii, 1843—-beyond
Kurrichane, Cape Colony.
Boodon gutiatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 331, 1893.
1 (16036): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 21; ventrals 195; anal entire; subcaudals 62;
labials 8, third, fourth, and fifth entering the orbit; postoculars 2.
Total length 205 (167+38) mm.
Boaedon lineatus Duméril and Bibron.
Boaedon lineatus Duméril and Bibron, Erpét. Gén., 7, p. 363, 1854—-Gold Coast.
Boodon lineatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 332, 1893.
1 (3997): Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda (Ruwenzori Expedition,
1906).
1 (3998): Cabiri, Angola (Ansorge).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 23
1 (6976): Bunia, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
3 (8980-1, 9883): Kisolo, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
6 (9906-8, 9916-7, 9920): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
6 (12826-31): Mambawanga, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1926).
7 (12844-9, 12851): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12897): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12907): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (13128): Rhino Camp, Uganda (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 27-31; ventrals 204-239; anal entire;
subcaudals 43-67; labials 8-9, fourth and fifth, in all except No.
8981 where it is the fifth and sixth on one side, entering the orbit;
postoculars 2; in many specimens both pairs of chin-shields are
well separated on the median line, usually 2 pairs though frequently
a third and fourth pair; in such cases it is difficult to draw the line
as to what should be regarded as chin-shields and what as paired
elongated scales; parietal shields always longer than the distance
between the frontal and the end of the snout. Largest specimen
(3997) measures 934 (8014133) mm.
In the stomach of the Kabengere snake is a multimammate
mouse (Mastomys coucha subsp.) identified by Dr. Glover M. Allen.
Boaedon olivaceus (Duméril).
Holuropholis olivaceus Duméril, Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 466, 1856—Gaboon.
Boodon olivaceus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 335, 1893.
2 (3999-4000): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (12850): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 29; ventrals 202-214; anal entire; subcaudals
38-44; labials 8, third, fourth, and fifth entering the orbit (Cameroon)
or fourth and fifth (Congo). Largest specimen measures 742 (655
+87) mm.
Lycophidion capense capense (Smith).
Lycodon capensis Smith, South Afr. Quart. Journ., 1, No. 5, p. 18, 1831—
beyond Kurrichane about 25° S. Lat., Cape Colony.
Lycophidium capense Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 339, 1893;
Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 405, 1910.
1 (2430): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-7).
1 (4026): Harar, Ethiopia (Kristensen).
1 (4027): Belgian Congo (Delhage).
24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
1 (12314): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1927).
1 (12842): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 176-203; anal entire; sub-
caudals 32-48; labials 8, third, fourth, and fifth entering the orbit
except on No. 4026 where the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth enter on
the right side, the fourth, fifth, and sixth on the left. Largest speci-
men measures 399 (360+39) mm.
Unfortunately the body of the Uleia snake is missing but as this
village is only a few miles south of Kilosa I would suggest that it
is an intermediate between c. capense and c. acutirostre with a low
ventral count. It has the dark throat of acuttrostre but so have the
Harar and Ruchuru snakes.
It seems doubtful whether L. abyssinicum Boulenger is recog-
nizable; the only character in which it differs from capense appears
to be that its rostral is but little broader than deep instead of being
twice as broad as deep as in capense. In this character the Harar
specimen certainly does not differ from typical capense.
Lycophidion fasciatum (Giinther).
Alopecion fasciatum Giinther, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., p. 196, 1858—West
Africa.
Lycophidium fasciatum Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 342, 1893.
2 (4028-9): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 176-179; anal entire; sub-
caudals 48-43; labials 7, third, fourth, and fifth entering the orbit.
Larger specimen, a female, measures 368 (815+53) mm.
The gullet of the smaller snake is distended with an unbroken
egg, whether of bird or lizard it would be hard to say; apparently
there are others in its stomach.
Mehelya chanleri chanleri (Stejneger).
Simocephalus chanleri Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 726, 18938—
Wange, coast of Kenya Colony (not on Manda Island).
Simocephalus butleri Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 20, p. 489, 1907—
between Wau and Chak Chak, Bahr el Ghazel, Sudan.
Simocephalus unicolor Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 5, p. 512, 1910—
Fort Hall, Kenya Colony.
Mehelya (Simocephalus) somaliensis Lénnberg and Andersson, Ark. Zool., 8,
No. 20, p. 2, 1918—Kismayu, coast of Italian Somaliland.
Female (13129): Rhino Camp, West Nile Province, Uganda
(Zimmer, 1927).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 25
Owing to their rarity in eastern and central Africa, the file
snakes, formerly referred to Simocephalus Giinther (which is pre-
oceupied by Simocephalus of Schédl), have reached museums only as
single specimens. This has had the unfortunate result of over-.
description as herpetologists had insufficient material to guide them as
to what characters are constant and what are variable. Matters have
been further complicated by the truncated tails of the majority of
such specimens as are known.
My suspicions as to the validity of the numerous species described
from this region were first aroused in 1919 when Dr. G. A. Boulenger
advised that a specimen from Fort Hall, which is the type locality
of uwnicolor, should be referred to butleri despite the fact that it had
only two instead of three postoculars. In 1915 Boulenger had
referred somaliensis to the synonymy of butler.
Perhaps the character most stressed by each author was that
of the number of pre- and postoculars. Elsewhere it has been
shown (Barbour and Loveridge, 1928, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50,
p. 114) that in the case of the allied M. capensis of which I obtained
a series in the Usambara Mountains, either 1 or 2 preoculars and
1 or 2 postoculars are found in specimens from Amani. Obviously
this character is not of specific importance in this genus.
The loreal, which was as long as deep in chanleri, was deeper
than long in butleri, divided in wnicolor, slightly longer than deep
in somaliensis and fiechteri.!. The importance of these variations is
annulled by the data of the second Fort Hall specimen and the
Rhino Camp snake which agrees most closely with chanleri in
the scalation of its head, except that the latter possesses an extra
postocular formed by the splitting off of the upper posterior corner
of the fourth labial.
Through the courtesy of Mr. H. W. Parker, I have been able
to examine the types of both butler: and wnicolor and find that the
ventral counts of the latter are 234 instead of 228 as stated in the
original description. The British Museum has also a snake from
Somaliland which agrees with fiechtert in lacking a postocular, a
form which may be regarded as a northeastern race of chanler?.
The essential data, however, may best be presented for com-
parison in tabular form. The material is listed geographically from
east to west.
1 Mehelia (Simocephalus) fiechteri Scortecci, Atti. Soc. ital. Milano, 68,
p. 269, figs., 1930 (1929)—-Abruzzi, Italian Somaliland.
26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
mn z - 2 ue
BE 5 9 © 4 3 Ba58
Specimen 25 § 3 y F: g $ 3 a : Type locality
S§ 5 SSS a & Sats
fiechteri, type.... 15 221 57 7 1 1 0 65 _— Abruzzi, Ital. Som.
British Museum. 15 225 51 7 1 1 #0 #=5 _ Somaliland
somaliensis, type. 15 221 62 7 1 1 2 #5 - Kismayu, Ital. Som.
chanleri, type.... 15 ? 2? #7 11 2 +#é5 + #£™Wange, Kenya
unicolor, type.... 15 234* 2? 7 2 2 3 #465 _ Fort Hall, Kenya
Nairobi Museum. 15 231 OE OL 2 bore Ball, Kenya
Field Museum... 15 238 2 Tele 2b. Rhmo. Camp; Uganda
butleri, type. ..... 15 282 58 7 1 1 3 + 5 # £4Wau to Chak Chak, Sudan
* Not 228 as in description.
There remains the coloration, which is best given in the words
of the authors of each species.
M. fiechteri: ‘‘Uniformly brown above, lips and chin grayish
yellow. Also grayish yellow below. Transversely along the anterior
border of each ventral scale is a grayish maroon stripe which is
uninterrupted in most cases, occasionally interrupted in the median
line especially on the posterior two-thirds of the body.” (Translation. )
M. somaliensis: ‘Uniformly dark slate brown above, paler
greyish brown below with light edges to the gastrosteges, throat
whitish.”
M. chanleri: ‘Color above, including the lateral portion of the
gastrosteges, uniform olive gray; below yellowish.”
M. unicolor: ‘Uniform dark brown above and beneath.”
M. butleri: ‘“‘Black above, each scale with a whitish basal spot;
white beneath, ventrals edged with black on the side; lower surface
of tail greyish.” The type of butleri is a very young snake which
accounts for its more vivid coloration; all other known examples
are adult.
Nairobi Museum specimen, identified as buileri by Boulenger:
Above slate black. Below gray black, each caudal and ventral scale
with light edges, lateral keels of ventrals grayish white.
Field Museum specimen: Head scalation agreeing closely with
that of chanleri. Above, head and neck black, dorsally also, but each
scale with a whitish apical spot. Below white, ventrals edged with
gray black on the sides; lower surface of tail grayish, each scale
bordered with white.
These snakes are apparently ophiophagous. The following
unpublished note refers to the specimen from Fort Hall mentioned
above. This big snake was encountered by a native as it was in the
act of swallowing a night adder (Causus rhombeatus). The native
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE ral
struck at the file snake and ruptured its gullet so that the head
and forepart of the night adder protruded. Nine inches had already
been swallowed, the total length of the prey being twenty-one inches.
The specimen was taken to Dr. Nunan who later (1919) presented
it to the Nairobi Museum where it now is.
Pseudaspis cana (Linnaeus).
Coluber canus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 221, 1758—Indiis.
Pseudaspis cana Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 373, 1893.
1 (16044): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 27; ventrals 187; anal divided; subcaudals
70; labials 7, fourth entering the orbit. Total length 1,460 (1,180
+280) mm. Uniformly blackish.
Coluber rhodorachis (Jan).
Zamenis rhodorachis Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. in Pers., p. 356, 1865.
Zamenis rhodorhachis (sic) Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 398, 1893.
Zamenis rhodorhachus (sic) Meek, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 179, 1897.
1 (374): South of Toyo Plain, British Somaliland (Akeley, 1896).
Midbody scale-rows 19; ventrals 212; anal divided; subcaudals
131; labials 9, fifth and sixth entering the orbit. Total length
425 (300+125) mm.
Coluber florulentulus Geoffroy.
Coluber florulentulus Geoffroy, Descr. de l’Egypte, Rept., pp. 146, 151, pl.
viii, fig. 2, 1829—Egypt.
Zamenis florulentulus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 402, 1893.
1 (12707): West side Lake Tana, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 21; ventrals 198; anal divided; subcaudals
94; labials 9, fifth and sixth entering the orbit. Total length 286
(219+ 67) mm.
Coluber hippocrepis Linnaeus.
Coluber hippocrepis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 226, 1758—‘‘America.”’
Zamenis hippocrepis Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 409, 1893.
1 (4042): Atlas Mountains, Morocco (Riggenbach).
Midbody scale-rows 27; ventrals 228; anal divided; subcaudals
96; labials 9-10 excluded from the orbit; the upper portion of the
rostral is split off to form a small triangular scale between the pre-
frontals. Total length 426 (340+86) mm.
28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOoLOGY, VOL. XXII
Aeluroglena cucullata Boulenger.
Aeluroglena cucullata Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 2, p. 182, 1898—
Golis Mountains, British Somaliland.
1 (12536): Sheik Hussein, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 21; ventrals 201; anal divided; subcaudals
80; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit. Total length
362 (276+86) mm.
This, apparently the third known specimen, not only extends
the geographical range but our knowledge of variation, for the
type was a female with 216 ventrals and only 67 subcaudals.
Chlorophis carinatus Andersson.
Chlorophis carinatus Andersson, Bihang Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 27,
part 4, No. 5, p. 9, 1901—Cameroon; Schmidt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 49, p. 74, 1923.
1 (12746): Walikale, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
Midbody scale-rows 13; ventrals 148; anal entire; subcaudals
89; labials 9, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the orbit; postoculars
2 on the right, 3 on the left; temporals 2+2. Total length 575
(402+173) mm.
I regard carinatus as the western rain-forest representative of
the eastern macrops, these two species being separated from all
other members of the genus by a lower number of midbody scale-
rows. From heterodermus, this is apparently the only distinguishing
character, for though carinatus was said to have 40 maxillary teeth
and heterodermus less than 25, an examination of the three snakes
with 13 scale-rows available for study, reveals the fact that none
has more than 16 maxillary teeth on a side. In this respect they
agree with seven heterodermus which have from 12 to 16 teeth on each
side. One wonders if Andersson, when stating that there were 40
maxillary teeth, referred to the whole series, while Boulenger un-
doubtedly referred to those of one side.
Although I believe the two snakes to be distinct species, it
is interesting to note the numerous records of carinatus occurring in
the same localities together with heterodermus. Sternfeld (1909)
records both species from Johann Albrechtshéhe, Barombi and
Ebolowa in Cameroon. Miiller (1910) records both from Mukonje
farm near Mundame, Cameroon. The Museum of Comparative
Zoology has both from Metet, Cameroon.
On the other hand, although carinatus has an extensive range
in the Belgian and Portuguese Congo, as well as in Cameroon,
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 29
reaching eastward to Uganda and western Kenya (Loveridge, MSS.),
it has not yet been recorded from west of the Cameroon though
heterodermus is known from as far west as Sierra Leone. Schmidt
(loc. cit. supra) records twenty-one examples of carinatus from seven
different localities in the Ituri Forest without any heterodermus
being found in these places. The range of the latter does not extend
into Uganda and Kenya.
Chlorophis heterodermus Hallowell.
Chlorophis heterodermus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 54, 1857—
Gaboon; Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2, p..97, 1894.
Chlorophis heterodermus pobeguini Chabanaud, Bull. Mus. Paris, 22, p. 371,
fig. 12, 1917—-French Guinea.
Chlorophis cyaneus Hecht, Zool. Anz. Leipzig, 81, p. 334, 1929—Ajoshdéhe,
Nyong River, Cameroon.
2 (4005-6): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 150-158; anal entire; sub-
caudals 79 and ?; labials 9, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the
orbit; temporals 2+2; postoculars 2. Larger specimen measures
581 (428+153) mm.
1 (6975): Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 174; anal entire; subcaudals
99; labials 9, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the orbit; temporals
2+2; postoculars 2; preocular broadly separated from the frontal.
Total length 725 (515+210) mm.
I was at first inclined to refer this Kivu specimen to heterolepi-
dotus (Giinther) despite its entire anal and low ventral count, for
Sternfeld has recorded an entirely typical heterolepidotus from Lake
Kivu. However, after prolonged consideration, it appears to me
that more weight should be attached to the entire anal as a dis-
tinguishing character.
Some might wish to refer it to C. bequaerti Schmidt (1923, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 49, p. 75) based on two snakes with an
entire anal, single anterior temporal, 164-170 ventrals, and 123
subcaudals. It is interesting to note that Schmidt records three
examples of heterolepidotus from Niangara, the type locality of
bequaerti.
C. h. pobeguini was based on a single specimen which had 8
labials on the left side and 9 on the right, with only 2 labials
entering the orbit, the fourth and fifth on the left and the fifth and
sixth on the right, and a temporal arrangement of 2+1. These
30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
are individual aberrations for out of half-a-dozen heterodermus
from Cameroon in the Museum of Comparative Zoology two have
the right side pobeguini arrangement of labials on one side of the
head, the normal fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the orbit on the
other. One of these snakes has 1+2 temporals, as has another with
wholly normal labial arrangement; the remaining four have 2+-2.
C. cyaneus was based on a snake which had 8 labials, fourth and
fifth entering the orbit. For further discussion on the variability
of the labials in this genus, see the remarks on C. irregularis.
Chlorophis neglectus (Peters).
Philothamnus neglectus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 890, 1866—
Prazo Boror, Mozambique.
Chlorophis neglectus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2, p. 94, 1894; Meek,
Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 406, 1910; Loveridge, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.
151, p. 22, 1929.
3 (2256-7): Kijabe, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-6).
1 (2260): Kenya Province, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-6).
3 (2263-5): Athi River, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-6).
1 (2266): Lake Elmenteita, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-6).
1 (2270): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-6).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 157-171; anal divided; sub-
caudals 90-120; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit except
on the right side of Number 2265 where there are 9 labials of which
the fifth and sixth enter the orbit. Largest specimen measures 917
(648+-269) mm.
With the exception of the Elmenteita snake which was omitted,
the above series are the ones referred to in Meek’s paper cited above.
Of the 36 lots of figures given by Meek only 11 are in agreement with
the counts made here, the most misleading are 13 midbody scale-
rows given for an Athi River snake and 85 subcaudals for the Voi
specimen, which in reality has the end of its tail missing.
Chlorophis irregularis (Leach).
Coluber irregularis Leach, in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee, p. 494, 1819—Ashanti,
Gold Coast.
Ahaetulla emini Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 1, p. 325, 1888—Mon-
buttu, Belgian Congo.
Chlorophis schubotzi Sternfeld, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch-Zentral-Afrika-Exped.,
4, p. 269, fig., 1912—Bwanja, near Bukoba, Tanganyika Territory.
Recently Flower (1933, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 806) synony-
mized emini with irregularis, using these words: ‘““The common
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 31
green snakes of the Blue and White Niles have been referred to two
species Chlorophis irregularis and Chlorophis emini, but from the
Sudan specimens that I have seen I am unable to distinguish these
as ‘species,’ as the ‘keels’ on the ventral shields may be perceptible,
just perceptible, or not perceptible.”
Werner in 1908 (1907, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 116,
abt. 1, p. 49) records both species from the Bahr el Gebel. Stern-
feld (1912, loc. cit. supra, pp. 268-270) records both from Kisenji.
I listed both from Yala River, Kakamega (1916, Journ. E. Africa
and Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., Nairobi, pp. 40 and 45) and invited
attention to the variation displayed. Shortly after that paper was
published, a third collection was received from the same source, the
unpublished data from which, so far as it relates to the species under
discussion, is as follows:
The irregularis type, with ventral keels indicated:
Number Number of
of snakes _ supralabials
8 9 4th, 5th and 6th entering orbit
2 3-10 4th, 5th and 6th entering orbit
1 10-10 4th, 5th and 6th entering orbit
The emini type, without ventral keels:
Number Number of
of snakes supralabials
1 8-7 3rd, 4th and 5th entering orbit
1 8-7 4th, 5th, 6th and 8rd, 4th, 5th entering orbit
1 8 8rd, 4th and 5th entering orbit
2 8 4th, 5th and 6th entering orbit
2 8-9 4th, 5th and 6th entering orbit
4 9-8 4th, 5th and 6th entering orbit
1 9-8 4th, 5th and 3rd, 4th, 5th entering orbit
1 9 4th, 5th, 6th and 5th, 6th entering orbit
14 9 4th, 5th and 6th entering orbit
The position appears to be that on the extreme West Coast
keels are always present on the ventrals but that in the central and
eastern parts of its range irregularis may or may not have keels, all
the way from Khartoum to Lake Nyasa. As there are no scale or
color characters by which one might retain emini as an eastern race,
I concur with Flower in regarding it as a strict synonym of irregularis.
Chlorophis schubotzi was proposed by Sternfeld for a snake taken
with irregularis at Bwanja near Bukoba. In passing, I might add
that emini has been reported from Bukoba by several authors. C.
schubotzi was differentiated by the possession of seven supralabials
of which the third, fourth, and fifth entered the orbit. As will be
seen from the variation recorded above, this condition occurs on
32 FIELD Museum OF NATURAL HISTtoRY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
one side of two Yala River snakes, while another has 8 labials,
the third, fourth, and fifth entering the orbit. I do not think that
there was any justification for naming schubotzi as distinct from
irregularis. Below, however, I list the Field Museum material in
three groups, first zrregularis with keels on the ventrals, then emini
without such lateral keels, finally three individuals which have the
same labials entering the orbit as had the holotype of schubotz: but
8 upper labials, not 7 as was the case with schubotzi.
2 (12966-7): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 159-160; anal divided; sub-
caudals 101-104; labials 9, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the orbit;
preocular only slightly separated from the frontal, practically in
contact on the left side of the head in one snake. Larger specimen
measures 847 (598+249) mm.
2 (4007-8): Mount Ruwenzori, Uganda (Ruwenzori Exped., 1906).
5 (8976-7, 8979, 9909-10): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
1 (12729): Metemma, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
3 (12874—5, 12880): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12977): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 154-179; anal divided; sub-
caudals 91-134; labials 9, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the orbit
except on one side of the head in Nos. 4008, 9909, and 12880
where there are only 8 labials, of which the third, fourth, and fifth
enter the orbit (see other material below). Largest specimen
measures 896 (614+282) mm.
1 (8982): Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
1 (12870): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12988): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 160-168; anal divided; sub-
caudals 109 in all three snakes; labials 8, third, fourth, and fifth
entering the orbit. Largest specimen measures 890 (610+280) mm.
Philothamnus semivariegatus semivariegatus (Smith).
Dendrophis (Philothamnus) semivariegatus Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3,
pls. lix, Ix, and lxiv, fig. 1, 1840—-Bushman Flat and country beyond Kur-
richane, Cape Colony.
Philothamnus semivariegatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2, p. 99, 1894.
Philothammus semivariegatus (sic) Meek, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 179,
1897.
1 (373): Sheik, Golis Mountains, British Somaliland (Akeley,
1896).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE_ 33
1 (12329): Ulambo, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
3 (12974, 12976, 12986): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer,
1926).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 171-189; anal divided; sub-
caudals 119-136; labials 9, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the
orbit; temporals 2+2 on seven sides, 1+2 on three sides. Largest
specimen measures 989 (652+337) mm.
Gastropyxis smaragdina (Schlegel).
Dendrophis smaragdina Schlegel, Essai Phys. Serp., 2, p. 237, 1837—Gold
Coast.
Gastropyxis smaragdina Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2, p. 103, 1894.
2 (4022-3): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 154-155; anal divided; sub-
caudals 150-151; labials 9, fifth and sixth entering the orbit (damaged
in No. 4023); temporals 1+2. Larger specimen measures 990 (602+
388) mm.
Hapsidophrys lineata Fischer.
Hapsidophrys lineatus Fischer, Abh. Natur. Ver. Hamburg, 3, p. 111, pl. ii,
fig. 5, 1856—Elmine, West Africa (i.e. Elmina, Gold Coast).
Hapsidophrys lineata Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2, p. 104, 1894.
1 (4021): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 15, ventrals 160; anal entire; subcaudals?;
labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit on the right side; on the
left side, however, there are only 6 labials owing to a fusion of the
sixth, seventh, and eighth; temporals 2+2. Head and body measure
680 mm., tail mutilated.
Coronella semiornata semiornata Peters.
Coronella semiornata Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 622, 1854—
Tete, Mozambique; Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2, p. 195, 1894;
Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 405, 1910.
1 (2254): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-7).
1 (2394): Kijabe, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-7).
Midbody scale-rows 21; ventrals 182-190; anal divided; sub-
caudals 84—92; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit. Larger
specimen measures 542 (415+127) mm.
Grayia tholloni Mocquard.
Grayia tholloni Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (8), 9, p. 11, 1897—French
Congo; Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., p. 951, fig., 1909.
1 (12877): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HiIsToRY—ZOoLoGy, VoL. XXII
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 137; anal divided; subcaudals?;
labials 8, fourth entering the orbit. Head and body measure 402
mm.; tail mutilated.
Grayia ornata (Bocage).
Macrophis ornatus Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, 1, p. 67, 1866—Duque de
Braganc¢a, Angola.
Grayia ornata Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 944, fig., 1909.
1 (12978): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 144; anal divided; subcaudals
67; labials 8, fourth entering the orbit. Total length 1,215
(905+310) mm.
Duberria lutrix shiranum (Boulenger).
Homalosoma shiranum Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2, p. 276, pl. xiii,
fig. 1, 1894—-Shiré Highlands, Nyasaland.
Duberria lutrix shiranum Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 74, p. 241, 1933.
1 (9884): Kisolo, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
4 (9911, 9915, 9918-9): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 120-138; anal entire; subcaudals
23-31; labials 6, third and fourth entering the orbit except on right
side of No. 9884 where there are only five labials; postocular 1; loreal
absent in 11% instances, present in 314. Largest specimen measures
434 (884+50) mm. These snakes come from the area of intermediates
referred to in the 1932 citation above and though they are pre-
dominatingly lutriz in some respects they scarcely affect the averages.
COLUBRIDAE (DASYPELTINAE)
Dasypeltis scaber (Linnaeus).
Coluber scaber Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 223, 1758—Indiis.
Dasypeltis scabra Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2, p. 354, 1894.
2 (4011-2): Harar, Ethiopia (Kristensen).
3 (9912-4): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
1 (12728): Gondar, Ethiopia (Bailey, 1927).
-1 (12823): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
2 (12836, 12841): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 238-25; ventrals 212-234; anal entire; sub-
caudals 51-67; labials 6-7, third and fourth entering the orbit, or
8, third, fourth, and fifth in No. 12841 and on right side of
No. 9913. Largest specimen measures 728 (628+100) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 35
COLUBRIDAE (BOIGINAE)
Boiga pulverulenta (Fischer).
Dipsas pulverulenta Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Ver. Hamburg, 3, p. 81, pl. iii,
fig. 1, 1856—-Edina, Grand Bassa County, Liberia.
Dipsadomorphus pulverulentus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 68,
1896.
2 (4017-8): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 19; ventrals 248-250; anal entire; subcaudals
106-110; labials 8, third, fourth, and fifth entering the orbit. Larger
snake measures 1,001 (797+204) mm.
Dipsadoboa unicolor Giinther.
Dipsadoboa unicolor Giinther, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., p. 183, 1858— West
Africa; Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 81, 1896.
1 (4013): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (4014): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 192-194; anal entire; subcaudals
entire 83 and ?; labials 8, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth and fifth
entering the orbit. Larger specimen measures 541 (424+117) mm.
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia hotamboeia (Laurenti).
Coronella hotamboeia Laurenti, Syn. Rept., p. 85, 1768—India orientali, i.e.
Africa.
Leptodira hotambocia Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 89, 1896;
Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 406, 1910.
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia hotamboeia Barbour and Loveridge, Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 50, p. 125, 1928.
1 (2259): Mount Kenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2264): Athi River, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2267): Lake Elmenteita, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (4036): Irumu, Belgian Congo (Ruwenzori Expedition, 1906).
2 (4087-8): Harar, Ethiopia (Kristensen).
2 (12878, 12896): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 19-21; ventrals 161-178; anal entire; sub-
caudals 36-47; labials 8-9, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth and fifth,
or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the orbit; preocular 1, not in
contact with the frontal; temporals 1+2; on right side of No.
4037, 1+1+2. Largest specimen measures 613 (528+85) mm.
36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
Amplorhinus nototaenia (Giinther).
Coronella nototaenia Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 309, pl. xxvi, fig. 1,
1864—Rios de Sena, Zambesi.
Amplorhinus nototaenia Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 125, 1896.
1 (12251): Lake Manka, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1927).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 177; anal divided; subcaudals
87; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit; temporals 2+3.
Length of head and body 312 mm., tail mutilated.
Malpolon monspessulanus monspessulanus (Hermann).
Coluber monspessulanus Hermann, Obs. Zool., 1, p. 283, 1804—Monspelio,
i.e. Montpellier, France.
Coelopeltis monspessulanus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 141, 1896.
1 (11995): Atlas Mountains, Morocco (Riggenbach).
Midbody scale-rows 19; ventrals 176; anal divided; subcaudals
87+; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit; loreals 2; frontal
very narrow. Length of head and body 855 mm., tail tip missing.
Trimerorhinus tritaeniatus multisquamis Loveridge.
Trimerorhinus tritaeniatus Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 405,
1910.
Trimerorhinus tritaeniatus multisquamis Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash.,
45, p. 84, 1932—-Nairobi, Kenya Colony.
1 (2258): Naivasha, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2262): Athi River, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2271): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (2393): Molo, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (12513): Allata, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
1 (12525): Webi Shebeli, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
All the above series are paratypes.
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 167-183; anal divided; sub-
caudals 54-63; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit except
in the Voi snake where there are 9 with fifth and sixth entering, and
the right side of a Molo snake where there are 9 with fourth, fifth,
and sixth entering the orbit. The Allata snake is the largest example
of this race which I have ever seen, surpassing by over 150 mm.
the biggest in a series of thirty-five of the typical race which I
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 37
collected in 1930; it measures 1,159+ (995+164-+tip of tail which
is missing) mm.
The data on which I based this race was as follows:
T. t. tritaeniatus Giinther.
Ventrals Caudals
13 (type and specimens b to m of Boulenger)............... 149-163 53-65
5 (types of variabilis and Zomba specimen)................ 155-159 52-60
(The ventral count given by Boulenger is incorrect)
35 (collected in southern Tanganyika, 1930)................ 145-162 51-60
2 (from northern Rhodesia and Transvaal, in M.C.Z.)..... 150-162 62
RRB 6 35 oe ss nS 5 Be eS 145-163 51-65
Subsequently Mr. H. W. Parker kindly sent me the ventral counts
of ten other snakes from Nyasaland, as well as northern and southern
Rhodesia; these ranged from 153 to 161.
Three other specimens from Mossamedes, and Lofoi, Katanga,
respectively, have 162, 167, and 170 ventrals which would place them
in the multtsquamis group so well defined east of the Great Lakes.
Nine others from Kenya Colony and Ethiopia bear out my
conclusions by having a ventral count ranging from 1638 to 181.
T. t. multisquamis Loveridge.
Ventrals Caudals
3 (specimens n, 0, and p of Boulenger).................... 165-170 63-66
8 (from Kenya Colony in Nairobi Museum)............... 170-181 57-56
2 (from Kenya Colony in Mus. Comp. Zool.).............. 167-178 57-59
1 (from Arusha, Tanganyika, in Mus. Comp. Zool.)........ 174 61
22 (from Kenya Colony in U.S. National Museum)........ 163-178 54-63
7 (from Kenya and Ethiopia in Field Museum)............ 162-183 54-63
RONG oan thee eae white. Goh ee ele hit ote 162-183 54-66
Rhamphiophis rostratus Peters.
Rhamphiophis rostratus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 624, 1854—
Tete; Mesuril; and Quitangonha, Mozambique.
Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus Boulenger (part, not of Reinhardt), Cat. Snakes
Brit. Mus., 3, p. 146, 1896; Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser.,
7, p. 405, 1910.
1 (16148): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 171; anal divided; subcaudals
115; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit; preoculars not in
contact with the frontal; posterior chin-shields longer than the
anterior. Total length 897 (611+286) mm.
The name oxyrhynchus Reinhardt is now restricted to the West
African species.
38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Dromophis lineatus (Duméril and Bibron).
Dryophylax lineatus Duméril and Bibron, Erpét. Gén., 7, p. 1124, 1854— White
Nile, Africa.
Dromophis lineatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 149, 1896.
1 (12876): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 149; anal divided; subcaudals ?;
labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit; preocular 1; postocular
2; temporals 1+1+2 (right), 1+1+3 (left). Length of head and
body 680 mm., tail mutilated.
Psammophis subtaeniatus Peters.
Psammophis sibilans var. subtaeniata Peters, Reise nach Mossamb., 3, p.
121, 1882—Boror and inland from Tete, Mozambique.
Psammophis subtaeniatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 160, 1896.
Psammophis sibilans Meek (not of Linnaeus), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 7, p. 405, 1910.
1 (2250): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 157; anal divided; subcaudals ?;
labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit; preocular 1; postoculars
2; temporals 2+2. Length of head and body 542 mm., tail mutilated.
Psammophis sibilans (Linnaeus).
Coluber sibilans Linnaeus (part), Syst. Nat., 1, p. 222, 1758—‘‘Asia.”’
Psammophis sibilans Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 161.
1 (12976): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12990): Bukama, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
7 (15354-60): Cuma, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 168-178; anal divided; sub-
caudals 89-91 but in seven other specimens the tail is mutilated;
labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit. Longest perfect
specimen measures 1,114 (809+305) mm.
Psammophis furcatus Peters.
Psammophis furcatus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 236, 1867—
Otjimbingue, Southwest Protectorate; Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit.
Mus., 3, p. 164, 1896.
Psammophis leightoni Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 126, pl. xii, 1902—
Erste River Station, near Cape Town, Cape Colony.
3 (16041-3): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 17; ventrals 168-169; anal divided; sub-
caudals 88-109; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit; pre-
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 39
ocular 1, in contact with the frontal. Largest specimen measures
833 (567+266) mm.
Psammophis biseriatus Peters.
Psammophis biseriatus Peters, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, p. 88,
1881—Taita, Kenya Colony; Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p.
168, 1896.
Psammophis sibilans Meek (not of Linnaeus), Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1,
p. 179, 1897.
1 (872): Sheik, Golis Mountains, British Somaliland (Akeley,
1896).
2 (12243, 12250): Lake Manka, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer,
1926).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 144-148; anal divided; sub-
caudals 98-117; labials 9, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or fifth and sixth
entering the orbit; temporals 2+3 and 2+2. Largest specimen
measures 669 (442+227) mm.
Psammophis crucifer (Daudin).
Coluber crucifer Daudin, Hist. Rept., 7, p. 189, 1803—‘‘Indes orientales.”
Psammophis crucifer Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 169, 1896.
1 (15549): Lady Frere, Cape Province (Romer, 1931).
1 (16035): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 140-156; anal divided; sub-
caudals 66-73; labials 7-8, third and fourth, or fourth and fifth enter-
ing the orbit; preocular not in contact with the frontal. Larger
specimen measures 475 (360+115) mm.
Macroprotodon cucullatus (Geoffroy).
Coluber cucullatus Geoffroy, Descr. de l’Egypte, Rept., pp. 148 and 151, pl.
viii, fig. 3, 1827—-Atlas Mountains.
Macroprotodon cucullatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 175, 1896.
2 (4048-4): Atlas Mountains, Morocco (Riggenbach).
Midbody scale-rows 23; ventrals 163-178; anal divided; sub-
caudals 43-46; labials 8, fourth and fifth entering the orbit. Larger
specimen measures 335 (286+49) mm.
Thelotornis kirtlandii (Hallowell).
Leptophis kirtlandii Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 62, 1844—
Liberia.
Thelotornis kirtlandii Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 185, 1896.
1 (4019): Benito River, Spanish Guinea (Bates).
40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
1 (4020): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (12288): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (15462): Caconda, Angola (Hambly, 1909).
Midbody scale-rows 19; ventrals 156-176; anal divided; sub-
caudals 141-166; labials 8-9, fourth and fifth entering the orbit.
Largest specimen measures 1,470 (935+535) mm.
Dispholidus typus (Smith).
Bucephalus typus Smith, Zool. Journ., 4, p. 441, 1829—Old Latakoo, South
Africa.
Dispholidus typus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 187, 1896.
2 (15465-6): Caconda, Angola (Hambly, 1909).
Midbody scale-rows 19; ventrals 181-191; anal divided; sub-
caudals 101-104; labials 7, third and fourth entering the orbit.
Larger specimen measures 1,172 (885+287) mm.
Miodon gabonensis (Duméril).
Elapomorphus gabonensis Duméril, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 7, p. 468, 1856—
Gaboon, West Africa.
Miodon gabonensis Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 252, 1896.
1 (12825): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 217; anal divided; subcaudals
24; labials 7, third and fourth entering the orbit; fifth labial forming
a slight suture with the parietal as in Calamelaps; nasal completely
divided; internasal equal to, or a trifle longer than, the prefrontals.
Total length 661 (617+44) mm.
This male is uniformly black above and below, an almost exact
counterpart of a female which I took at Iolo, Rungwe district, near
Lake Nyasa in 1930; the latter has two more ventrals and three more
subcaudals.
Elapops modestus Giinther.
Elapops modestus Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), 4, p. 161, pl. iv, fig. C,
1859—West Africa; Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 262, 1896.
1 (4024): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (4025): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 145-150; anal entire; subcaudals
38-45; labials 7, third and fourth entering the orbit. Larger speci-
men measures 409 (835+-74) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 41
COLUBRIDAE (ELAPINAE)
Elapsoidea giintherii Bocage.
Elapsoidea giintherii Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, 1, p. 70, pl. i, fig. 3, 1866—
Cabinda, Angola and Bissao, Portuguese Guinea.
Elapechis guentheri Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 349, 1896; Meek,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 405, 1910.
1 (2255): Kijabe, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-7).
1 (15467): Caconda, Angola (Hambly, 1909).
Midbody scale-rows 18; ventrals 138-158; anal entire; sub-
caudals 13-24; labials 7, third and fourth entering the orbit. Larger
specimen measures 217 (195+22) mm.
Undoubtedly east and central African specimens average a
higher ventral count than some Angolan snakes. In fifty east and
central African records the ventrals range from 153 to 163. Two
Angolan snakes available are 138 and 148 but the types of giintherii
had 153 and 155, while its synonym semiannulata Bocage had 143
and a second specimen recorded later by Bocage had 145. Whether
a central and east African race, for which the name nigra Giinther
(Zanzibar) would be available, can be established depends on the
accumulation of further data from Angolan material.
Naja melanoleuca Hallowell.
Naia haie var. melanoleuca Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 61,
1857—Gaboon, West Africa.
Naia melanoleuca Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 376, 1896.
1 (12838): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 19; ventrals 206; anal entire; subcaudals
59; labials 7, third and fourth entering the orbit. Total length 504
(425+79) mm.
Naja nigricollis nigricollis Reinhardt.
Naja nigricollis Reinhardt, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift., 10, p. 269, pl. iii,
figs. 5 and 7, 1843—-Guinea, West Africa.
Naia nigricollis Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 378, 1896; Meek,
Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 179, 1897.
1 (12806): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1927).
1 (12878): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12906): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 19-21; ventrals 177-181; anal entire;
subcaudals 54-62; labials 6, third entering the orbit. Largest
specimen measures 1,395 (1,188+257) mm.
42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Naja goldii Boulenger.
Naia goldii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 16, p. 34, 1895—Asaba,
Nigeria; Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 387, pl. xx, fig. 2, 1896.
1 (6977): Irumu, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 192; anal entire; subcaudals?;
labials 7, third and fourth entering the orbit. Head and body
measure 2,130 mm., tail mutilated.
Elaps lacteus (Linnaeus).
Coluber lacteus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 220, 1758—“‘Indiis.”’
Homorelaps lacteus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 409, 1896.
1 (16037): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 220; anal divided; subcaudals
36; labials 6, third and fourth entering the orbit. Total length 328
(294434) mm. ;
Despite the high number of ventral scutes (lacteus 160-215) this
snake is undoubtedly lacteus and not dorsalis (219-244).
Dendraspis jamesoni kaimosae Loveridge.
Dendraspis jamesoni kaimosae Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 49, p. 64,
1936—Kaimosi, Kakamega District, Kenya Colony.
1 (12822): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
2 (12839-40): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 215-217; anal divided; sub-
caudals 95-109; labials 7-8, the third and fourth, or fourth only, or
fifth only, entering the orbit. Largest specimen measures 1,892
(1,400+492) mm. but is a skin with head and tail attached.
No. 12840 is an intermediate between the eastern and western
races of jamesoni of which the other two specimens are paratypes.
Dendraspis angusticeps (Smith).
Naja angusticeps Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, pl. lxx, 1849—-Natal and the
country eastward towards Delagoa Bay.
Dendraspis angusticeps Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 437, 1896;
Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 74, p. 278, 1933.
1 (12738): Near Lake Tana, Ethiopia (Fuertes, 1927).
Midbody scale-rows 23; ventrals 254; anal divided; subcaudals
113; labials 8, fourth below the eye; the large lower temporal reaches
the lip on the left side but on the right is separated by horizontal
division which forms a labial; the posterior upper temporal is verti-
cally divided so that there are three temporals along the outer border
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 43
of the parietal on either side. Total length of skin with head and tail
attached 2,420 (1,900+520) mm.
No importance need be attached to these variations as mambas
are particularly liable to individual aberrations as can be seen when
large series are obtained from one locality. It appears probable that
antinorit which was described from Anseba, Ethiopia, should be,
like sjoestedti Lénnberg and transvallensis Gough, relegated to the
synonymy of angusticeps Smith.
Dr. W. H. Osgood has kindly furnished me with the following
quotation from the diary of the late Mr. L. A. Fuertes as it relates
to the collecting of the specimen listed above: “‘A little later on, our
guide, just ahead of me, stopped short and sucked in his breath, and
pointed, bung-eyed, at the trail-side, and there, gliding slowly and
silently along, was the first big snake of our trip, a gray-green
smooth-sealed one some seven feet long and 1% inches to 134 inches
in diameter. I auxed! it in the neck, stopping but not killing it.
We accomplished that, however, without mutilating it, skinned it,
with head entire, for the formalin box—a good catch. It had two
needle sharp teeth, one of which pricked me a little; just enough to
show that you can’t be too careful, if careful enough! The men
were all spellbound and got a grand shudder; they are scared pink of
snakes, but with better reason than at home, for here a large
proportion of the species are venomous, and many very deadly.”
Mr. Fuertes was under a misapprehension as to the large pro-
portion of venomous species in Ethiopia, not more than one in six
being dangerous to man; it is highly probable that the incidence of
individuals of the venomous species is no higher than in other parts
of Africa.
It was undoubtedly a Green Mamba to which Dr. D. G. Elliot
referred in his introductory note to the “List of Fishes and Reptiles
obtained by the Field Columbian Museum East African Expedition
to Somaliland in 1896” (1897, Field Columbian Mus., Zool. Ser., 1,
p. 163) when he wrote:
“snakes were only occasionally seen. Perhaps, as we did not hunt
for them, may account for their apparent rarity. Many are
poisonous, and I was surprised to find a green tree snake, nine
feet long, that was killed by Mr. Dodson near our camp at
Bohobgashan, was furnished with long fangs and was evidently
a dangerous customer. The shot injured the skin so much that it
was not brought back with us.”
1 Shot with auxiliary collecting gun.
44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
VIPERIDAE
Causus rhombeatus (Lichtenstein).
Sepedon rhombeatus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berlin, p. 106, 1823—
no locality.
Causus rhombeatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 467, 1896.
Causus resimus Meek (not of Peters), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7,
p. 405, 1910.
1 (2268): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-7).
1 (4004): Benguela, Angola (Ansorge).
5 (12902-3, 12968-9, 12991): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zim-
mer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 17-18; ventrals 140-155; anal entire; sub-
caudals 22-33; labials 6. Largest specimen measures 674 (607+67)
mm. The latter is the Nairobi specimen most unfortunately referred
to resimus by Meek who gave its tail length as 17 instead of 67 mm.,
its midbody scale-rows as 17 instead of 18, and its ventral count as
161 instead of 155.
Causus resimus (Peters).
Heterophis resimus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 277, pl., fig. 4,
1862—Gebel Ghule, Senaar, Sudan.
Causus resimus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 468, 1896.
1 (4003): Angola (Ansorge).
Midbody scale-rows 21; ventrals 142; anal entire; subcaudals 20;
labials 7. Total length 496 (450+46) mm.
Causus lichtensteinii (Jan).
Aspidelaps lichtensteinit Jan, Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 511, 1859—Gold Coast.
Causus lichtensteinii Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 470, 1896.
1 (6974): Irumu-Beni Road, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
Midbody scale-rows 15; ventrals 148; anal entire; subcaudals 17;
labials 6. Total length 480 (442+38) mm.
Vipera hindii Boulenger.
Vipera hindii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 5, p. 518, 1910—Aberdare
Mountains, Kenya Colony; Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7,
p. 405, 1910.
2 (2252-3): Aberdare Mountains, Kenya Colony (Akeley,
1905-7).
Midbody scale-rows 27; ventrals male 132, female 129; anal
entire; caudals male 338, female 26; labials 8. Total length: 233
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 45
(202+31) mm., female 290 (258+32) mm. These are the two speci-
mens mentioned by Meek though the measurements and scale
counts given here are so totally at variance with his figures.
Bitis arietans (Merrem).
Vipera (Echidna) arietans Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph., p. 152, 1820—-Cape of
Good Hope.
Bitis arietans Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 493, 1896; Meek,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 405, 1910.
1 (2269): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1905-7).
3 (15351-3): Cuma, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
Midbody scale-rows 29-35; ventrals 129-137; anal entire;
subcaudals 14-28; labials 12-15. Largest specimen measures 839
(780+59) mm.
Bitis gabonica (Duméril and Bibron).
Echidna gabonica Duméril and Bibron, Erpét. Gén., 7, p. 1428, pl. Ixxxb, 1854—
Gaboon, West Africa.
Bitis gabonica Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 499, 1896.
2 (12818-9): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian. Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 39-41; ventrals 133; anal entire; subcaudals
19; labials 15. Larger specimen measures 665 eA aS) mm. but isa
skin with head and tail attached.
Bitis nasicornis (Shaw).
Coluber nasicornis Shaw, Nat. Miscell., 3, pl. xciv, 1802—interior of Africa.
Bitis nasicornis Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 500, 1896.
1 (8996): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (12820): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 35-41; ventrals 123-134; anal entire; sub-
caudals 20-28; labials 16-18. Larger specimen measures 967 (882+
85) mm.
Bitis cornuta (Daudin).
Vipera cornuta Daudin, Hist. Rept., 6, p. 188, 1803—-Cape of Good Hope.
Bitis cornuta Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 497, 1896.
2 (16039-40): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 29; ventrals 137-1438; anal single; caudals
26-34; labials 14. Larger specimen measures 374 (327+47) mm.
46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Bitis caudalis (Smith).
Vipera caudalis Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, pl. vii, 1849—sandy districts
north of the Cape Colony.
Bitis caudalis Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 498, 1896.
1 (16038): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 23; ventrals 109; anal entire; subcaudals
21; labials 10. Total length 224 (200+24) mm.
Echis carinatus (Schneider).
Pseudoboa carinata Schneider, Hist. Amph., 2, p. 285, 1801—no locality.
Echis carinatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 505, 1896; Meek,
Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 179, 1897.
1 (376): Hullieh, Somaliland Protectorate (Akeley, 1896).
Midbody scale-rows 28; ventrals?; anal entire; subcaudals 37;
labials 10. Length?
This specimen is identified by locality rather than on taxonomic
grounds for the scales on its snout are smooth while those on the
vertex might well be considered as obtusely keeled; moreover, it has
three series of scales between the eye and the upper labials, a con-
dition usual in coloratus, rare in carinatus.
Atheris squamigera (Hallowell).
Echis squamigera Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 193, 1854—near
the River Gaboon.
Atheris squamiger Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 509, 1896.
1 (12821): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12837): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 21; ventrals 159-162; anal entire; subcaudals
49-54; labials 10. Larger specimen measures 543 (460+83) mm.
Atheris nitschei Tornier.
Atheris nitschei Tornier, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 15, p. 589, fig., 1902—Mpororo
Swamp, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
21 (8978, 8983-7, 9890-9904): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller,
1925).
9 embryos (9905): Lake Bunyoni, Kigezi District, Uganda
(Heller, 1925). ae
Midbody scale-rows 25-29, average 27; ventrals 141-156; anal
entire; subcaudals 37-51; labials 9-11. Largest male measures
611 (523+88) mm., largest female 651 (567+84) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 47
This is probably the finest series of this interesting tree-viper in
existence though nine of the snakes are embryos just ready for
parturition and nine others (No. 9905) are very small embryos; these
latter were not utilized in making scale counts. Presumably
these two batches of embryos represent the progeny of two of the
female adults. It is interesting to observe that the tips of the tails
in these young vipers are ivory-white and that three of the embryos
have 9-9 labials, four have 10-10, one 11-10, while only one possesses
11-11, tending to show that the higher number may be a development
of later life. The sexes can be determined apparently by the sub-
caudal count, those with over 40 pairs of subcaudals being males,
those with less than 40, females; none possessed 40.
Atractaspis bibronii Smith.
Atractaspis bibronii Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, pl. xxi, 1849—eastern
districts of Cape Colony; Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 515,
1896.
1 (12879): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 23; ventrals 235; anal entire; subcaudals 22;
labials 5, third and fourth entering the orbit; third lower labial
largest. Total length 572 (542+30) mm.
Atractaspis microlepidota Giinther.
Atractaspis microlepidota Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), 18, p. 29, pl.
vii, fig. 8, 1866—type locality unknown “probably West Africa’’ errore;
Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 3, p. 517, 1896; Meek, Field Mus.,
Zool. Ser., 1, p. 179, 1897; Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 74,
p. 281, 1933.
1 (375): Harsi Barri, Ethiopia (Akeley, 1896).
Midbody scale-rows 29; ventrals 248; anal entire; subcaudals 32;
labials 6, only the fourth entering the orbit; fourth lower labial largest.
Total length 663 (610+53) mm. In the last citation given above
reasons are advanced for placing certain species in the synonymy
of microlepidota.
GEKKONIDAE
Hemitheconyx caudicinctus (Duméril).
Stenodactylus caudicinctus Duméril, Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 479, pl. xiii, 1851—
Senegal.
Psilodactylus caudicinctus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 230, 1885.
Hemitheconyx caudicinctus Stejneger, North Amer. Fauna, No. 7, p. 163
(footnote), 1893.
1 (11300): 15 miles south of Zungeru, Nigeria (Clark, 1930).
48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Formerly considered by Boulenger as one of the Eublepharidae,
but since that family is no longer considered distinct from the
Gekkonidae Hemitheconyx must now be placed near Stenodactylus.
Mr. H. W. Parker has recently described a new species from Somali-
land. The Zungeru specimen recorded above agrees closely with
two others in the Museum of Comparative Zoology with which it has
been compared. Total length 139 (99+40) mm.
Stenodactylus sthenodactylus sthenodactylus (Lichtenstein).
A[scalabotes] sthenodactylus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berlin Mus., p. 102,
1823—Egypt and Nubia.
Stenodactylus guttatus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 41, 1885.
2 (586): Giza, Egypt (British Museum).
The name _ sthenodactylus of Lichtenstein (1823) antedates
elegans Fitzinger (1826), guttatus Cuvier (1829), and mauritanicus
Guichenot (1850). The latter name is applicable in a subspecific
sense to the geckos from Algeria and Morocco for these possess a
less elevated nasal ring than have geckos from Tunis, Tripoli,
Egypt, Sudan, and Syria in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
S. mauritanicus was described from Aran, Algeria, as was also
S. m. huouxit Doumergue (1899) which does not appear to be recog-
nizable as a valid race. Both these Giza specimens differ from the
description in that the rostral enters the nostril. Two femoral pores
are distinguishable in one male, absent in the other. Length of the
larger specimen from snout to anus 45 mm.., tail missing.
Palmatogecko rangei Andersson.
Palmatogecko rangei Andersson, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Wiesbaden, 61, p. 299, 1908—
Luderitz Bay, Southwest Protectorate.
3 (14807-8, 15454): Namib Desert, Southwest Protectorate
(Gaerdes, 1928).
The larger male measures 123 (64+59) mm., the female 124
(63+-61) mm.
Gymnodactylus trachyblepharus Boettger.
Gymnodactylus trachyblepharus Boettger, Abh. Senck. Natur. Ges., 9, p. 138,
pl. i, fig. 3, 1874—-Djebel Haded, near Mogador, Morocco; Boulenger,
Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 34, 1885.
2 (3894-5): Atlas Mountains, Morocco (Riggenbach).
Eight, not seven, upper labials present. Larger specimen
measures 105 (45+60) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE » as
Cnemaspis dickersoni (Schmidt).
Gonatodes dickersoni Schmidt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 39, p. 436, text
fig. 6, 1919—Medje, Belgian Congo.
Paragonatodes dickersoni Noble, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 4, p. 14, 1921.
Cnemaspis dickersoni Loveridge, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 822, 1936 (1935).
5 (12750—4): Beni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Upper labials 6; lower labials 5-6; transverse rows of ventrals
20-27; enlarged lamellae beneath median toe 4; preanal pores 7-8.
Largest specimen, a male, measures 72 (34+38) mm.
I took the opportunity of comparing the above examples of a very
distinct species with the two other members of the genus which are
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.. As pointed out by Schmidt,
the more slender habitus of dickersoni immediately distinguishes it
from both its allies. Unfortunately our cotype of quattuorseriatus
Sternfeld lacks a tail but a second specimen recently collected at
Mpwapwa, Tanganyika Territory, shows that the two species can-
not be distinguished on the basis of four rows of caudal tubercles
which may be present or absent in quattworseriatus. The enlarged
ventral scales, as compared with the dorsals, is common to all three
species. . The other three diagnostic characters mentioned by Schmidt
hold good. C. africanus, of which a series of topotypes are available,
is a much larger gecko.
Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnés).
Gecko mabouia Moreau de Jonnés, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, p. 138, 1818—
Antilles and adjacent mainland.
Hemidactylus mabouia Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 122, 1885; Meek,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 406, 1910.
Hemidactylus brookii Meek (not of Gray), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser.,
7, p. 406, 1910—on steamer in Red Sea.
3 (2318, 2360, 2382): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2392): On steamer in Red Sea (Akeley, 1906).
1 (12279): Mnazi, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
5 (12294-8): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
2 (12332, 12340): Ulambo, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
Dorsal rows of conical tubercles 8-12; lamellae under median
digit 7-8; femoral pores 18-24 on each side in the seven males.
Largest specimen measures 163 (83+80) mm.
Hemidactylus fasciatus Gray.
Hemidactylus fasciatus Gray, Zool. Misc., p. 58, 1831—type locality un-
known; Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 124, pl. xi, fig. 4, 1885.
1 (3892): Fan Topat, French Congo (Bates).
50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
1 (3898): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
Lamellae under median digit 7-8. Larger specimen measures
135 (61+-74) mm.
Hemidactylus ituriensis Schmidt.
Hemidactylus ituriensis Schmidt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 39, p. 455, pl.
xv, fig. 2; pl. xvi; text fig. 7, 1919—-Avakubi, Belgian Congo.
1 (12745): Walikale, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
Lamellae under the median digit 9. Length from snout to anus
79 mm., tip of tail missing.
Hemidactylus sinaitus Boulenger.
Hemidactylus sinaitus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 126, 1885—Mount
Sinai.
3 (587): Durrur, near Suakin, Sudan (British Museum).
All three differ from the original description in that the rostral
does enter the nostril. Anderson has, however, reexamined the type
and states that it does enter. Upper labials 9-10; lower labials 6-8;
lamellae under median digit 5-7; under fourth digit 6-7; under fourth
toe 7-10; preanal pores in both males 4. Larger male measures 42
mm. from snout to anus, tail missing.
Hemidactylus brookii Gray.
Hemidactylus brookit Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, pl. xv, fig. 2, 1844—
Australia and Borneo; Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 128, 1885.
5 (12777-81): Irumu, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925). |
Dorsal rows of keeled tubercles 14-16; lamellae ‘under first
digit 2-4; under median digit 5-6; femoral pores 14-15 except
No. 12778 which has 3-3. Largest male measures 106 (65+41) mm.
Lygodactylus picturatus picturatus (Peters).
Hemidactylus picturatus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 115, 1870—
Zanzibar.
Lygodactylus picturatus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 161, 1885;
Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 406, 1910.
5 (2361, 2384, 2386): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
12 (12286-40, 12242, 12249, 12257-61): Lake Manka, Tan-
ganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
Upper labials 6-8, average of 34 sides is 6.5; preanal pores in the
ten males 8-10, average 9. Largest specimen, a male, measures 78
(39+39) mm. ;
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 51
Lygodactylus picturatus gutturalis (Bocage).
Hemidactylus gutturalis Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, 4, p. 211, 1873—Bissao,
Portuguese Guinea.
Lygodactylus gutturalis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 161, 1885.
1 (6988): Bunia, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
4 (12755-8): Beni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
13 (12881-93): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Upper labials 6-8, average of 36 sides 6.9; preanal pores in the
five males 7-9, average 7.6. Largest specimen, a female, measures
74 (38+36) mm.
Tarentola mauritanica mauritanica (Linnaeus).
Lacerta mauritanica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 202, 1758—Mauritania.
Tarentola mauritanicus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 196, 1885.
1 (8890): Mogador, Morocco (Riggenbach).
A typical example, measuring 64 mm. from snout to anus; tail
missing.
Tarentola annularis (Geoffroy).
Gecko annularis Geoffroy, Descr. de l’Egypte, Rept., p. 130, pl. v, figs. 6 and
7, 1809—Egypt.
Tarentola annularis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 197, 1897.
6 (597): Giza, Egypt (Flower).
Upper labials 9-12, average 10. Largest specimen measures
154 (98+56) mm., the tail apparently regenerated.
Pachydactylus mariquensis Smith.
Pachydactylus mariquensis Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, App. p. 3, 1849—
interior of South Africa, towards the tropic of Capricorn; Boulenger, Cat.
Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 207, 1885.
1 (15541): Lady Frere, Cape Province (Romer, 1929).
Upper labials 7-8; lower labials 7-8; lamellae under median digit
3. Total length 73 (40+33) mm.
Pachydactylus austeni Hewitt.
Pachydactylus austeni Hewitt, Ann. Natal Mus., 5, p. 68, text fig., pl. iv,
figs. 1 and 2, 1923—Port Nolloth, Cape Province.
3 (16013-—5): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
As Kleinzee is close to Port Nolloth these geckos may be regarded
as almost topotypic. One, however, differs from the types in having
52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
the nasorostrals separated by a single row composed of two granules.
Upper labials 9-10; lower labials 7-9; lamellae under median digit 3;
under fourth toe 3. Largest specimen measures 73 (42+31) mm.
AGAMIDAE
Agama mutabilis Merrem.
Agama mutabilis Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph., p. 50, 1820—Egypt; Anderson,
Zool. Egypt, 1, p. 94, pl. ix, 1898.
1 (620): Cairo, Egypt (British Museum).
Midbody scale-rows 91; pores 24 but in two rows. This male
measures 176 (74+102) mm.
Agama flavimaculata (Riippell).
Trapelus flavimaculatus Riippell, Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssinia, 2, p. 12,
pl. vi, fig. 1, 1835—-near Djetta, Arabia.
Agama leucostigma Boulenger (non Reuss), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 346,
1885.
2 (590): Between Suez and Ismailia, Egypt (British Museum).
Midbody scale-rows 69-74; preanal pores 9-9. Larger male
measures 165 (69+96) mm.
Agama pallida Reuss.
Agama pallida Reuss, Mus. Senck., 1, p. 38, pl. iii, fig. 3, 1834—no locality;
Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 348, 1885.
3 (602): Cairo, Egypt (Flower).
1 (1849): Suez, Egypt (Flower).
Midbody scale-rows 105-136; preanal pores 23-24 in two rows.
Largest male measures 160 (71+89) mm.
Agama hispida brachyura Boulenger.
Agama brachyura Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 350, pl. xxviii, fig. 1,
1885—-Cape of Good Hope.
3 (16016-8): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 84-92; preanal pores 8-11. Largest male
measures 206 (106+100) mm.
Agama hispida aculeata Merrem.
Agama aculeata Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph., p. 53, 1820—Cape of Good
Hope; Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 351, 1885.
2 (3903-4): Benguela, Angola (Ansorge).
6 (15382-7): Cuma, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
Midbody scale-rows 83-93; preanal pores 11-15, the higher
number in two rows. Largest male measures 234 (92+142) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 53
Agama atra atra Daudin.
Agama atra Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 3, p. 349, 1802—type locality unknown;
Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 352, 1885.
35 (15550): Lady Frere, Cape Province (Romer, 1929).
Midbody scale-rows 102-129, average 116.8; preanal pores of
sixteen males 9-138, average 11. Largest female measures 191 (87+
104) mm.; a male with this body length has the tail injured. Most of
the series are juvenile.
Agama mossambica montana Barbour and Loveridge.
Agama mossambica montana Barbour and Loveridge, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
50, p. 147, 1928—near Bagilo, Uluguru Mountain, Tanganyika Territory.
1 (12290): Mnazi, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
3 (12292-3, 12302): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12327): Mitiangu, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
2 (12333, 12337): Ulambo, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
The above specimens are not typical of the race montana which
was based on a series of forty adults. A male from Mnazi and
another from Uleia both attain to a greater length than any mountain
specimens and are therefore intermediate between montana and the
much larger coastal form. As much might be inferred from the
altitude of the localities from which they come. In this connection
the question arises as to the status of A. cariniventris Peters (1874,
Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 159) which was described from the
“Zanzibar Coast,’ a term in use at that time for the mainland
opposite Zanzibar Island. As the collector, Hildebrandt, was known
to have visited the Taita Hills and other upland areas it may be that
cariniventris is applicable to such intermediates as are listed above
and is not a strict synonym of mossambica as thought by Boulenger
in 1885. Its author compared it with colonorwm (=agama Linnaeus).
The species was not seen by me during three weeks spent on Mount
Mbololo in the Taita Hills.
Midbody scale-rows 61-76, average about 64; preanal pores of five
males 6-10, average 8.6. Largest male measures 273 (87+186) mm.
Agama agama agama (Linnaeus).
Lacerta agama Linnaeus (part), Syst. Nat., 1, p. 207, 1758 —‘‘America.”’
Agama colonorum Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 356, 1885.
1 (1589): Gold Coast (Basel Museum).
3 (18130-2): Rhino Camp, Uganda (Zimmer, 1927).
13 (18183-45): Bulukutoni, Uganda (Zimmer, 1927).
54 FreELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Midbody scale-rows 67-77, average 72; upper labials 8-11,
average 9; lamellae beneath fourth toe 19-25, average 21; preanal
pores of nine males 9-11, average 9. Largest male (Gold Coast)
measures 310 (125+185) mm.
The mucros on the dorsal scales of the Gold Coast specimen
(which should be typical) are more developed than in any of the
Uganda specimens. Andersson (Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad.
Hand., 26, No. 1, p. 11, 1900) has shown that Lacerta agama Linnaeus
is identifiable and should be known as Agama agama, taking preced-
ence over Daudin’s well-known name of A. colonorum. At my
request, Count Gyldenstolpe very kindly counted the midbody scale-
rows in one of the Linnaean cotypes of A. agama preserved in the
Royal Swedish Museum, and found them to number 75. The
probability is that it came from the Cameroon or Gaboon region and
I suggest that the type locality be restricted to the Cameroon.
It will be noticed that Boulenger (l.c.) gives the number of
midbody scale-rows for A. colonorum as 60 to 80, an extraordinarily
wide range for any species of agama in this section. Experience
resulting from counting many hundreds of East African members of
the genus has shown me that the variation of any one race is gen-
erally ten, rarely as many as thirteen, in a given area.
The typical form has usually been considered to have a distribu-
tion from Senegal to the western foot of Mount Elgon, Uganda.
The following scale counts show, however, that the number decreases
from east to west with a falling off west of the Gold Coast suffi-
ciently marked to justify the recognition of a race in that region.
The names colonorum Daudin (Africa), occipitalis Gray (Africa),
congica Peters (Chinchoxo), picticauda Peters (Adda Foa, Accra;
Cameroon) appear to be synonymous with the typical form. For
the western race I believe that the name savatieri Rochebrune (with
Bathurst, Gambia, as restricted type locality) may be used. Mons.
Angel informs me that the type is not in the Paris Museum. It is
probably lost unless preserved in Senegal. The description accords
reasonably well, the figure of the head-shields very closely. The
coloring is doubtful. As stated by Boulenger, the work of this author
is of the worst. Some recently taken scale counts are given below;
they are arranged according to locality, east to west.
A. a. agama (Linnaeus).
13 from Budadiri, east Uganda, range 74-84 with average 79.
13 from Bulukutoni, northwest Uganda, range 67-77, average 72.
ee
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 55
13 from Belgian Congo localities, range 64-74 with average 68.
13 from French West Africa, range 62-74 with average 67.
13 from Cameroon, range 72-84 with average 76.
1 from Gold Coast, range 70 with average 70.
A. a. savatiert Rochebrune.
11 from Liberia range 60-64 with average 62.
3 from Senegal range 58-64 with average 60.
Agama agama subsp.
5 (15076-80): Bisan River, Ethiopia (Albrecht, 1929).
Midbody scale-rows 70-77, average 74; upper labials 9-11,
average 10; lamellae beneath fourth toe 19-20; preanal pores of
five males 10-13, average 11. Largest male measures 115 mm. from
snout to anus, tail damaged.
These five agamas are intermediate in position between A. a.
agama and A. a. lionotus. From the former they differ in the much
smoother dorsals which are only very faintly keeled; from lionotus
they differ in the shorter nuchal crest. It is probable, however, that
they should be referred to lionotus, the Bisan River being in extreme
southern Ethiopia.
Agama agama lionotus Boulenger.
Agama lionotus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 214, pl. viii, 1896—
southeast of Lake Rudolph, Kenya Colony.
Agama colonorum Meek (not Daudin), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7,
p. 407, 1910.
20 (2313-7, 2319-20, 2346-8, 2359, 2377, 2387): Voi, Kenya
Colony (Akeley, 1906).
27 (2321-5, 2334-45): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
3 (8872-4): Tsavo, Kenya Colony (Heller, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 70-80 except for one Tsavo agama with
67, average 77; upper labials 9-13, average 10.3; lamellae beneath
fourth toe 17-25, average 21; preanal pores of 28 males 11-17,
average 13. Largest male measures 125 mm. from snout to anus,
tail damaged.
Agama agama usambarae Barbour and Loveridge.
Agama colonorum usambarae Barbour and Loveridge, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
50, p. 150, pl. ii, fig. 1, 1928—Soni, East Usambara Mountains, Tangan-
yika Territory.
8 (12280-7): Mnazi, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Midbody scale-rows 70-78, average 73; upper labials 9-11,
average 10.1; lamellae beneath fourth toe 20-21, average 20.6; preanal
pores of three males 10-13, average 11. Largest male measures
325 (122+203) mm.
This form is probably only to be distinguished from the foregoing
on color grounds. The head of lionotus from Mombasa just north
of the Usambara Mountains, is gamboge or mustard-yellow above,
its throat brick-red; wsambarae, of which the above series were
named paratypes, on the other hand, has the top of the head as well
as the throat of a bright crimson-lake hue. As these bright colors
fade out on preservation it remains to be seen whether this form can
be retained. The genus Agama is badly in need of a thorough
revision.
Agama planiceps planiceps Peters.
Agama planiceps Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 15, 1862—New
Barmen, Hereroland; Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 358, 1885.
16 (15399-414): Cuma, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
Midbody scale-rows 80-90, except No. 15403 which has 74,
average 84; upper labials 9-11, average 10; lamellae beneath fourth
toe 21-26, average 23; preanal pores of nine males 12-14 (except
for one agama which has a second row, the two giving a total of 24,
this supernumerary row is omitted from the average), average 12.
Largest male measures 130 mm. from snout to anus, tail damaged.
Agama planiceps caudospinosa Meek.
Agama caudospinosa Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 407, 1910—
Lake Elmenteita, Kenya Colony.
2 (2311-2): Lake Elmenteita, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
3 (2826-7, 6448): Gilgil, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Midbody scale-rows 74-88, average 80; upper labials 9-12,
average 10.7; lamellae beneath fourth toe 19-20, average 20; preanal
pores of four males 9-12, average 10. Largest male measures 112 —
mm. from snout to anus, tail damaged. No. 2312 is the type.
Agama atricollis Smith.
Agama atricollis Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, App. p. 14, 1849—Natal; |
Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 358, 1885; Meek, Field Mus. Nat. ©
Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 408, 1910.
5 (2309-10, 2328-30): Lake Elmenteita, Kenya Colony (Akeley, —
1906).
3 (2331-2, 2431): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE - BT
3 (6454-6): Gilgil, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (6978, 6980): Bunia, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
2 (8988-9): Bambuni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
2 (12309-10): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
4 (12334, 12338-9, 12341): Ulambo, Tanganyika Territory (Zim-
mer, 1926).
2 (12734-5): Gendoa River, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
14 (12764—7, 12809-17, 12833): Near Beni, Belgian Congo (Heller,
1925).
11 (15888-98): Cuma, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
Midbody scale-rows 79-114, but whole series not counted; scales
on the vertebral region usually irregularly enlarged but in some
the median rows tend to form a definite longitudinal vertebral
band of enlarged scales. This is especially noticeable in the male
from Metemma, Ethiopia (but not in the least in the female from
the same locality); it seems as if these two Ethiopian agamas are
more or less intermediate between gtricollis and annectens, differing
from the latter in possessing ventrals considerably smaller than the
enlarged dorsals, also in coloration and in other minor points; in
some Angolan specimens the enlarged scales along the vertebral
line also tend to form a well differentiated region; ventrals smooth
or keeled.
Nostril pierced below the canthus rostralis in 42 specimens,
on it in 5; labials 9-18, average 10.9; lamellae beneath the median
digit 16-23, average 18.6; lamellae beneath the fourth toe 18-27,
average 21.9; preanal pores in 25 males are in two or three rows
totaling 18-36, average 20.8. Belly occasionally bears reticulate
markings. Largest male measures 280 (142+1388) mm.
Agama cyanogaster (Riippell).
Stellio cyanogaster Riippell, Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssinia, 2, p. 10, pl. v,
1835— Massaua and the Abyssinian coast (i.e. Massawa, Eritrea).
Agama cyanogaster Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 358, 1885.
2 (3905-6): Harar, Ethiopia (Kristensen).
2 (12522-3): Lake Shala, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
The following data are based upon the above and a pregnant
female from Harar, Ethiopia, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology
(No. 8064).
Midbody scale-rows 98-114, average 105; scales on the vertebral
region usually irregularly enlarged but in No. 12522 the four median
rows form a longitudinal, vertebral band in which the two outermost
58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
rows are larger than the innermost pair but are otherwise more or
less uniformly enlarged; ventral scales smooth or feebly keeled.
Nostril pierced below the canthus rostralis in 4 specimens, on
it in 1; labials 9-12, average 10.6; lamellae beneath the median
digit 17-21, average 18; lamellae beneath the fourth toe 18-22,
average 20; preanal pores in two males are in two rows totaling
17-19, average 18. The belly is immaculate in one adult male and
in two females; it is reticulated with blue lines like those on the
throat in the remaining male and female. One male measures 147
(62+85) mm.; the largest female (M.C.Z.) measures 151 (70+81) mm.
The fact that this small female is pregnant shows beyond question
that A. cyanogaster is distinct from A. atricollis. It is extremely
difficult to differentiate the two species (except on size). With this
object in view Mr. Frederick Grinnell spent several days in exploring
the possibilities of various characters. I am indebted to him for
collecting the statistical data embodied in the preceding paragraphs.
The position of the nostril employed by Boulenger in 1885 is not
diagnostic.
Uromastix ocellatus Lichtenstein.
Uromastix ocellatus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berlin, p. 107, 1823—
Nubia; Anderson, Zool. Egypt, 1, p. 127, pl. xii, 1898.
1 (619): Suakin, Sudan (British Museum).
This specimen is almost certainly one of those mentioned by
Anderson. Total length 243 (128+115) mm.
ZONURIDAE
Zonurus macropholis Boulenger.
Zonurus macropholis Boulenger, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 5, p. 494, 1910—Little
Namaqualand; Power, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 14, p. 16, 1930.
3 (16019-21): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Transverse rows of scales from occiput to base of tail 16-18;
longitudinal rows of ventrals 10-12; femoral pores 9-10. Largest
specimen measures 119 (67+52) mm. As recently as 1930, Power,
in his review of the South African zonures, remarked that macropholis
was still known only from the type.
Zonurus cordylus cordylus (Linnaeus).
Lacerta cordylus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 202, 1758—Africa.
Zonurus cordylus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2, p. 256, 1885.
3 (15545-7): Lady Frere, Cape Province (Romer, 1929).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 59
Transverse rows of scales from occiput to base of tail 29; longi-
tudinal rows of ventrals 12; femoral pores 6-7. Largest perfect
specimen measures 145 (70+75) mm.
VARANIDAE
Varanus albigularis angolensis Schmidt.
Varanus albigularis angolensis Schmidt, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 22, p. 10, pl. ii,
1933—Gaucea, Bihé, Angola.
1 (12971): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
This specimen, a paratype, has not been examined. The skin is
very dry and hard and its approximate measurements have been
kindly furnished by Mr. K. P. Schmidt as follows: Total length 900
(350+550) mm. The Somaliland Protectorate monitors referred to
albigularis by Meek are mentioned below.
Varanus ocellatus Heyden.
Varanus ocellatus Heyden, in Riippell, Reise nérd Afrika, p. 21, pl. vi, 1827—
Kordofan, Sudan; Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2, p. 308, 1885.
Varanus albigularis Meek (not Daudin), Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 181,
1897.
1 (878): Betteran, Somaliland Protectorate (Akeley, 1896).
This is one of the two specimens referred to albigularis by Meek
and re-identified as ocellatus by Schmidt. As it is on exhibition it
has not been examined. The second specimen has not been found.
Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus).
Lacerta nilotica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 369, 1766—Egypt.
Varanus niloticus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2, p. 318, 1885; Meek,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 409, 1910.
1 (12300): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12787): Gendoa River, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
1 (12975): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
The Nilotic monitor from Kisumu, Kenya Colony, mentioned
by Meek cannot be located, but there is no reason for doubting the
identification as these lizards are abundant on the shores of Lake
Victoria and I have seen them at Kisumu. The specimens listed
above are young; the Ethiopian monitor has had the body skinned out.
LACERTIDAE
Lacerta jacksoni Boulenger.
Lacerta jacksoni Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 96, pl. x, 1899—Mau
Ravine, Kenya Colony; Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 1, p. 295, 1920.
1 (9863): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal series; lamellae under fourth
toe 22; femoral pores 18-18. Length from snout to anus 78 mm.,
tail missing.
Algiroides boulengeri Peracca.
Algiroides boulengert Peracca, Atti. Acc. Torin, 52, p. 351, 1917—-Fort Portal,
Uganda; Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 1, p. 351, 1920.
1 (12182): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 33; lamellae beneath fourth toe
16; femoral pores 7-8. Length from snout to anus 29 mm., tail
missing.
Latastia longicaudata longicaudata (Reuss).
Lacerta longicaudata Reuss, Mus. Senckenb., 1, p. 29, 1834—-Abyssinia.
Latastia longicaudata Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 25, 1921.
1 (615): Suakin, Sudan (British Museum).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 57; transverse ventral scale-rows
30; femoral pores 12. Total length 391 (102+289) mm.
Latastia longicaudata revoili (Vaillant).
Eremias revoili Vaillant, Miss. Révoil Pays Comal., Rept., p. 20, pl. iii, fig. 2,
1882—Somaliland.
Latastia longicaudata var. revoili Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 30, 1921.
1 (8871): Tsavo, Kenya Colony (Heller, 1921).
4 (122384—5, 12252-3): Lake Manka, Tanganyika Territory (Zim-
mer, 1926).
1 (12274): Mnazi, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 59-81; transverse ventral scale-
rows 26-28; femoral pores 8-10. Largest specimen measures 351
(87+264) mm.
Philochortus hardeggeri (Steindachner).
Latastia hardeggert Steindachner, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, 6, p. 371,
pl. xi, 1891—-Harar on the way from Heusa, Ethiopia.
Latastia carinata Meek (not of Peters), Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 179, 1897.
Philochortus hardeggeri Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 12, 1921.
1 (871): Haud, Ethiopia (Akeley, 1896).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 25; lamellae under fourth toe 28;
femoral pores 12. Total length 173 (57+116) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 61
Acanthodactylus pardalis pardalis (Lichtenstein).
Lacerta pardalis Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berlin, p. 99, 1823—
Egypt.
Acanthodactylus pardalis Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 62, 1921.
3 (608): Alexandria, Egypt (Flower).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 59-62; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 12; lamellae under fourth toe 18-20; subocular not bordering
the mouth. Largest specimen measures 149 (60+89) mm.
Acanthodactylus boskianus asper (Audouin).
Lacerta asper Audouin, Descr. l’Egypte, Rept., Suppl., p. 174, pl. i, fig. 10,
1829—Egypt.
Acanthodactylus boskianus var. asper Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 86,
1921. .
10 (593, 1856): Tel el Amarna, Egypt (British Museum).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 29-38; subocular not bordering
the mouth; first supraocular not divided; femoral pores 17-22.
Largest perfect specimen measures 200 (66+134) mm.
Acanthodactylus scutellatus scutellatus (Audouin).
Lacerta scutellata Audouin, Descr. l’Egypte, Rept., Suppl., p. 172, pl. i,
fig. 7, 1829—Egypt.
Acanthodactylus scutellatus Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 97, 1921.
2 (613): Between Suez and Ismailia, Egypt (British Museum).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 77-79; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 16; lamellae under fourth toe 23-26. Largest specimen measures
149 (54+-95) mm.
Eremias spekii spekii Giinther.
Eremias spekii Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 9, p. 381, 1872—Unyam-
wezi, Tanganyika Territory; Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser.,
7, p. 409, 1910; Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 235, 1921.
7 (2363, 2379): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
4 (12241, 12254-6): Lake Manka, Tanganyika Territory (Zim-
mer, 1926).
1 (12273): Mnazi, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 61-75; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 6; lamellae under fourth toe 22-26; subocular borders the lip.
Largest specimen measures 153 (50+103) mm.
62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Eremias mucronata (Blanford).
' Acanthodactylus mucronatus Blanford, Zool. Abyss., p. 453, fig., 1870—
Anseba, Eritrea.
Eremias brenneri Meek (not of Peters), Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 181, 1897.
Eremias mucronata Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 244, 1921.
2 (368): Betteran, Somaliland Protectorate (Akeley, 1896).
3 (610): Suakin, Sudan (British Museum).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 63-75; longitudinal ventral rows
6-8; subocular borders the lip in the Suakin series but not in the
lizards from Betteran. Boulenger has, however, pointed out that
this is an inconstant character. Largest specimen measures 152
(48+104) mm.
Eremias guttulata guttulata (Lichtenstein).
Lacerta guttulata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berlin, p. 101, 1823—
Egypt and Nubia.
Eremias guttulata Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 258, 1921.
2 (612): Karnak, Egypt (British Museum).
1 (3964): El Kantara, Algeria (Buxton, 1913).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 44-46; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 8-10; subocular bordering the lip. Largest specimen measures
156 (45+111) mm.
Eremias rubropunctata (Lichtenstein).
Lacerta rubropunctata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berlin, p. 100, 1823—
Egypt and Nubia.
Eremias rubropunctata Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 276, 1921.
3 (591): Giza, Egypt (British Museum).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 53-59; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 12; rostral in contact with the frontonasal. Largest specimen
measures 126 (45+81) mm.
Eremias lineo-ocellata Duméril and Bibron.
Eremias lineo-ocellata Duméril and Bibron, Erpét. Gén., 5, p. 314, 1831—
South Africa; Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 289, 1921. :
3 (15542-4): Lady Frere, Cape Province (Romer, 1929)..
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 61-69; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 12; lamellae under fourth toe 24-26; femoral pores 12-14.
Largest specimen measures 125 (42+83) mm. ;
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE _ 63
Scapteira reticulata Bocage.
Scapateira reticulata Bocage, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), 20, p. 225, 1867—
Mossamedes, Angola.
Scaptira reticulata Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 357, 1921.
1 (15452): Namib Desert, Southwest Protectorate (Gaerdes,
1928).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 56; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 16; femoral pores 20-22. Total length 141 (51+90) mm. At
the time that Boulenger wrote the second volume of his monograph
(1921) this rare lizard was still unrepresented in the British Museum
collection.
Scapteira ctenodactyla (Smith).
Lacerta ctenodactyla A. Smith, Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 2, p. 98, 1838—Great
Namaqualand, Southwest Africa.
Scaptira ctenodactyla Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 358, 1921.
1 (1857): Port Nolloth, Cape Province (British Museum).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 79; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 22; femoral pores 30. Total length 194 (80+114) mm.
Aporosaura anchietae (Bocage).
Pachyrhynchus anchietae Bocage, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), 20, p. 227, fig.,
1867—Rio Croco, Mossamedes, Angola.
Aporosaura anchietae Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 376, 1921.
1 (15453): Namib Desert, Southwest Protectorate (Gaerdes, 1928).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 170; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 38. Total length 109 (49+60) mm. male.
Holaspis guentheri Gray.
Holaspis guentheri Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 153, pl. xx, fig. 1, 1863—
habitat unknown; Boulenger, Monog. Lacertid., 2, p. 377, 1921.
1 (1858): Benito River, Spanish Guinea (British Museum).
1 (3963): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (12299): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
Longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 65-69; longitudinal ventral scale-
rows 6; femoral pores 18-21. Longest specimen measures 102 (50+
52) mm. The Uleia record is of exceptional interest for it shows
that this lizard is able to live at an altitude considerably below 2,000
feet in East Africa. Traces of rain forest still exist in the vicinity of
Uleia though the region has long ago undergone deforestation and is
mostly given over to dry bush.
64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—ZOooLocy, VoL. XXII
GERRHOSAURIDAE
Gerrhosaurus major major Duméril.
Gerrhosaurus major Duméril, Cat. method. coll. Rept., Paris, p. 139, 1851—
Zanzibar; Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 121, 1887; Meek, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 409, 1910.
1 (2385): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Transverse dorsal scale-rows 34; longitudinal dorsal scale-rows
18 (not 12 as in Meek); longitudinal ventral scale-rows 9 (not 10
as in Meek); frontonasal narrowly separated from the rostral. In
other respects Meek’s detailed description and measurements of this
young specimen are correct.
Gerrhosaurus major zechi Tornier.
Gerrhosaurus maior zechi Tornier, Beiheft, Arch. Naturg., 67, p. 74, 1901—
Kete Kratje, Togoland.
Gerrhosaurus zechi Schmidt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 39, p. 519, text fig.
21, 1919.
1 (15074): Bisan River, Ethiopia (Albrecht, 1929).
Transverse dorsal scale-rows 36; longitudinal dorsal scale-rows 18;
longitudinal ventral scale-rows 10; femoral pores 13. Total length
422 (192+230) mm.
As a result of obtaining thirty-one zechi at Mangasini in central
Tanganyika I am inclined to recognize it as a race of major. The
Bisan River specimen is the first record of the occurrence of zechi —
in Ethiopia known to me; it makes it still more probable that zechi
will prove to be a synonym of botiegoi Del Prato (1892) from Eritrea
as has been suggested by Schmidt (1919). The Bisan River lizard
does not appear to differ from the Mangasini series.
Gerrhosaurus flavigularis flavigularis Wiegmann.
Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Wiegmann, Isis, p. 379, 1828—‘‘Africa Merid.
Krebs”; Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 122, 1886; Meek, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 409, 1910.
3 (2374-5): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (12275): Mnazi, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
Transverse dorsal scale-rows 57-59; longitudinal dorsal scale- ©
rows 22; longitudinal ventral scale-rows 8; femoral pores 12-17;
prefrontals in contact in the Nairobi lizards, separated in the Mnazi
specimen. Largest specimen measures 457 (147+310) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 65
Gerrhosaurus flavigularis nigrolineatus Hallowell.
Gerrhosaurus nigro-lineatus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 49,
1857—-Gaboon.
Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 122, 1887.
2 (3961-2): Gaboon, French Congo (Ansorge).
12 (15370-81): Cuma, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
Transverse dorsal scale-rows 54-60; longitudinal dorsal scale-
rows 22-24; longitudinal ventral scale-rows 8; laterals faintly keeled,
a few almost smooth; femoral pores 13-18. Longest specimen
(Gaboon) measures 292 (156+136) mm.
SCINCIDAE
Mabuya maculilabris (Gray).
Euprepis maculilabris Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 114, 1845—-West Africa.
Mabuia maculilabris Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 164, pl. ix, fig. 2,
1887.
Mabuya maculilabris Barbour and Loveridge, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50,
p. 157, 1928.
1 (3971): Sese Islands, Lake Victoria, Uganda.
1 (3972): 4,500 ft., Mount Ruwenzori, Uganda (Ruwenzori
Expedition).
1 (6981): Bunia, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
1 (6987): Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1924).
6 (8995-9000): Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
3 (12291, 12303, 12312): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer,
1926).
31 (12772): Beni, Semliki, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
4 (12773-6): Irumu, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12871): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
2 (12895, 12901): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
The data available from this very fine series of a difficult species
had best be presented in tabular form. The localities are arranged
as far as is possible from west to east.
Number Greatest Midbody Number Keels
of head and Longest scale- of on
Locality specimens body length tall rows supraciliaries scales
Katobwe....... 1 87 12% 32 5 9
Kabengere...... 2 79 Ar 32-34 5 5-7
Lake Kivu...... 1 74 156 36 5 7
Ruwenzori...... 1 56 90 82 5 5
Bambuni....... 6 85 159 32-34 5 5
MOM ok evel 31 83 175 32-34 4-6 5-7
jt eee 1 86 ee 32 5 9
Sese Islands 1 73 34 5 7
Uleia....... eee 86 169 30 4
66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
At first glance it would appear that the skinks from the east of
the great lakes (i.e. Uleia, Tanganyika Territory) could be separated
from western specimens on the basis of the smaller number of scale-
rows. Unfortunately the position is complicated by numerous
individuals occurring in East Africa with 32 midbody scale-rows,
occasionally even 34 (Ujiji). Undoubtedly there is a tendency to
reduction as one proceeds eastwards and for such the name boulengeri
proposed by Sternfeld is available. The position is complicated by
the presence in surviving rain forest, chiefly on mountains but also
on the coast, of a big-bodied form with 34-38 scale-rows, for which
I have employed the name comorensis. There is much to be done to
elucidate the relationship of maculilabris and possible forms. Largest
specimen measures 214 (87+127) mm.
Mabuya polytropis Boulenger.
Mabuia polytropis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 12, p. 433, 1903—
Benito River, Gaboon.
2 (17041-2): Batan, Cameroon (University of Chicago, 1908).
Midbody scale-rows 32; dorsals with 9-11 keels; supraciliaries
6-8, the latter being unusually high. Larger specimen measures 182
(90+92) mm. but its tail is obviously regenerated for the smaller
skink has a tail of 142 mm.
Mabuya blandingii (Hallowell).
Euprepes blandingii Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei, Phila., p. 58, 1844—
Liberia.
Euprepis raddoni Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 112, 1845—West Africa.
Euprepes frenatus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 50, 1857—
Liberia.
Mabuia raddonii Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 165, 1887.
Mabuya raddoni Schmidt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 39, p. 534, 1919.
2 (3973-4): Ogowe River, French Congo (Ansorge).
1 (8975): Lambarene, Ogowe River, French Congo (Ansorge).
1 (8976): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
2 (17043-4): Batan, Cameroon (University of Chicago, 1903).
Midbody scale-rows 28; dorsals tricarinate; supraciliaries 5-7;
supranasals separate and prefrontals in contact except in the Lam-
barene skink. Largest specimen measures 158 (70-+88) mm.
Boulenger erroneously gives the date of Hallowell’s blandingii as
1845 and so gives preference to Gray’s raddoni; the latter has been
in general use ever since. Mr. W. Wedgewood Bowen, formerly of the
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 67
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science, informs me that Hal-
lowell’s paper was certainly ‘“‘published on or before July 19, 1844.”
In 1905, however, Boulenger revived Hallowell’s name albilabris for
Gaboon specimens in which the prefrontals are in contact. Schmidt
(l.c., p. 585) doubted the wisdom of this procedure and after
carefully going into the matter I agree entirely with him. Hallowell,
it will be noted, found both types in his Liberian material and
proposed names for those in which the prefrontals are separated
(blandingiz) as well as for those in which they are in contact (frenatus).
Of twenty-two Liberian specimens in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, ten have the prefrontals in contact and twelve have them
separated; the supranasals are separated in all except two. These
proportions from the west of the range are closely paralleled by the
data given by Schmidt for nineteen skinks from the Belgian Congo in
the east of its range.
Liberian skinks from one locality have supraciliaries varying
from 5 to 7, some specimens in fact having 5 on one side of the head
and 7 on the other; the limb length is as variable in this species as in
M. varia and not a good specific criterion, varying in one locality
so as to include both blandingi and affints though the latter is a
distinct species. In our Liberian series the midbody scale-rows range
from 28 to 33, in Schmidt’s Congo specimens from 28 to 34.
It is instructive to arrange the data of the types which are
regarded as synonyms, geographically from west to east. Eventually
some of them may prove recognizable as racial forms.
Date Type locality Species Ee care 3 Supranasals Prefrontals
1872 Portuguese Guinea gracilis 32 separated separated
1885 Sierra Leone pantaenti 29 contact separated
1844 ~—_ Liberia blandingii 30 contact separated
1857 Liberia frenatus! 33 Hg contact
1864 Gold Coast aeneofuscus 30 separated separated
1857 Gaboon albilabris' ? separated contact
1901 Gaboon: Benito R. benitensis 28-30 contact separated
1886 Saint Thomas Id. cupreus 30 separated separated
1845 West Africa FOUUUOWE ee OS contact separated
Mabuya brevicollis (Wiegmann).
Euprepes brevicollis Wiegmann, Arch. Naturg., p. 133, 1837—Abyssinia
(Ethiopia).
Mabuia brevicollis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 169, 1887; Meek,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 410, 1910; Loveridge, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 151, p. 69, 1929.
2 (2349, 2353): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 Mr. H. W. Fowler informs me that the 2 son of these two species cannot be
located in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy.
68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VoL. X XII
2 (2372-3): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2376): Athi River, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Midbody scale-rows 32-36; supraciliaries 5-6; supranasals
(some damaged) in contact or separated; prefrontals in contact in
three specimens, separated in two. Largest specimen measures 134
mm. from snout to anus, tail missing.
Mabuya megalura (Peters).
Euprepes (Mabuia) megalura Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 204,
pl. ii, fig. 4, 1878—Taita, Kenya Colony.
Mabuia megalura Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 195, 1887; Meek,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 411, 1910.
1 (2358): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (2365): Athi Plains, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2366): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (12517): Allata, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
1 (12527): Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927). |
1 (12528): Gedeb Mountains, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926). |
Midbody scale-rows 24-28, the previous known range (24- |
27) occurring in Nairobi specimens; only the Allata skink has 28°
in the above series. Largest specimen measures 253 (68+185) mm.
Mabuya quinquetaeniata quinquetaeniata (Lichtenstein).
Scincus quinquetaeniata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berlin, p. 1038,
1823—Egypt and Nubia.
Mabuia quinquetaeniata Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 198, 1887;
Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 410, 1910; Loveridge, Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 151, p. 71, 1929.
3 (12708-9, 12713): West of Lake Tana, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
4 (13124-7): Bulukutoni, Uganda (Zimmer, 1927).
6 (15081-6): Bisan River, Ethiopia (Albrecht, 1929).
Midbody scale-rows 38-42, Ethiopian specimens having 38,
Ugandan 38-42. For a discussion of the difficulty of recognizing a
southern race (for which the name margaritifer Peters is available)
see my remarks in the 1929 citation given above.
Mabuya quinquetaeniata obsti Werner.
Mabuia obsti Werner, Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, 30, p. 43, 1913—Kwa
Mtoro, Central Province, Tanganyika Territory.
9 (2350, 2354-5, 2361-2): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 69
Midbody scale-rows 40-46. Largest male measures 234 (91+143)
mm., largest female 188 (91+97) mm., but unfortunately her tail is
regenerated.
Mabuya varia varia (Peters).
Euprepes (Euprepis) varius Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 20, 1867—
Tete, Mozambique.
Mabuia varia Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 202, 1887; Meek, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 411, 1910.
11 (2351, 2364, 2378, 2383): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2356): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (2368, 2370): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
9 (2380, 2390): Molo, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (12276): Mnazi, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
3 (12894, 12908, 12985): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer,
1926).
1 (15087): Bisan River, Ethiopia (Albrecht, 1929).
Nine of the above specimens are embryos and have not been
utilized for the following remarks.
Midbody scale-rows 30-34; dorsals tricarinate; frontoparietals
paired; subocular largely borders the lip; ear-lobules short; the
adpressed hind limb does not reach the axilla except in Numbers
2351 and 12276 from Voi and Mnazi respectively; scales on the
soles spinose. Largest specimen (No. 12985) measures 137
(62+75) mm.
The skink from Guban, Somaliland Protectorate, referred to varia
by Meek in his earlier paper, is in reality an example of striata.
-Mabuya varia damaranus (Peters).
Euprepes damaranus Peters, Oefvers. Vet.-Akad. Foérh., p. 660, 1869—
Damaraland.
Mabuya varia var. longiloba Methuen and Hewitt, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 4,
p. 142, 1914 (1913)—Namaqualand.
3 (160224): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 32; subocular between the fourth and fifth
or fifth and sixth labials. These specimens differ from typical varia
in their uniformly long ear-lobules and their smaller size, for the
largest specimen is a gravid female measuring 96 (48+53) mm.
Size, however, is not a safe guide, to judge by the paratype of longi-
loba in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
Placed with the Field Museum series of M. v. varia these Kleinzee
skinks are immediately conspicuous by their darker coloring and
absence of markings, but this character is an average one as occasional
individuals without markings are found in East Africa and some-
times specimens with markings in Southwest Africa.
In 1928 (Barbour and Loveridge, 1928, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
p. 160) I was party to considering longiloba a synonym of varia as
occasional individuals taken in desert areas of East Africa have much
longer lobules than those from the grasslands. It would appear
that the size of the lobules is a response to the need for protecting
the ear-opening from drifting sand. I now consider that longiloba
does represent a recognizable race in the southwest but that dama-
ranus of Peters has precedence.
Mabuya striata (Peters).
Tropidolepisma striatum Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 36, 1844—
Mozambique.
Mabuia striata Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 204, 1887; Meek, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 411, 1910.
Mabuia varia Meek (not Peters), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 1, p.
181, 1897.
1 (867): Durban, Guban, Somaliland Protectorate (Akeley, 1896).
2 (2352, 2357): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
5 (2367, 2371, 6564): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
3 (2428-9): Lake Elmenteita, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
5 (8990-4): Bambuni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
2 (12277-8): Mnazi, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12304): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12322): Matameras, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
3 (12330-1, 12335): Ulambo, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer,
1926).
1 (12524): Awadi River, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
2 (12807-8): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
3 (12901, 12918, 12964): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer,
1926).
Midbody scale-rows 32-40; prefrontals separated in all except
No. 12330 where they are barely in contact. Largest specimen
measures 88 mm. from snout to anus, tail missing.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 71
Emoia breviceps (Peters).
Euprepis (Mabuia) breviceps Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 604,
1873—Gaboon (i.e. French Congo).
Lygosoma breviceps Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 300, 1887.
Mabuia batesii Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 449, pl. xxi, fig. 2, 1900—
Benito River, French Congo.
2 (3977-8): Kribi River, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 32; unfortunately the Catalogue of Lizards
gives these as 56-57 which in reality is the number of transverse
ventral scale-rows; in specimen No. 3977 the prefrontals are fused
into one shield excluding the internasal from contact with the frontal;
in specimen No. 3978 the internasal and frontal are in contact. A
topotype of batesii received from the British Museum is undoubtedly
conspecific with our series of Cameroon breviceps. Larger specimen
measures 123 (61+62) mm.
Riopa fernandi (Burton).
Tiliqua fernandi Burton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 62, 1836—Fernando Po.
Lygosoma fernandi Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 304, 1887.
1 (12763): Beni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 36. Length from snout to anus 112 mm.,
tail missing.
Riopa sundevallii (Smith).
Eumeces (Riopa) sunderallii (sic) A. Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, App.,
p. 11, 1849—Natal.
Lygosoma sundevallii Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 307, 1887; Meek,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 412, 1910.
1 (6565): Kijabe, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (12301, 12308): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
Midbody scale-rows 24-26. Largest specimen measures 205
(115+-90) mm.
Siaphos graueri graueri (Sternfeld).
Lygosoma graueri Sternfeld, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch-Zentral-Afrika-Exped.,
4, p. 240, fig. 3, and quinquedigitata, p. 241, pl. vi, fig. 5, 1912—Karisimbi
and vicinity, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
1 (9864): 8,500 ft., Sabinio Voleano, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
1 (9865): 8,300 ft., Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
Midbody scale-rows 22; fingers 5; toes 5; belly spotted. Larger
specimen measures 64 mm. from snout to anus, tail missing.
72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
After describing graweri Sternfeld remarks that it may be divided
into two subspecies and gives a name to each; the first of these,
quinquedigitata, must be regarded as synonymous with grauert.
Siaphos meleagris helleri Loveridge.
Siaphos meleagris helleri Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, p. 118, 1932—
Bugongo Ridge, Ruwenzori, Belgian Congo.
1 (12749): Bugongo Ridge, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
This is the type and only known specimen; by a stupid mistake
I gave the Bugongo Ridge as being on the Uganda side of the Ruwen-
zori range though I had ascertained that it was on the western
(Belgian Congo) side. It is the typical form that occurs on the
Uganda slopes.
Ablepharus wahlbergii (Smith).
Cryptoblepharus wahlbergit A. Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, App., p. 10,
1849—Natal.
Ablepharus wahlbergii Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 350, 1887; Meek,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 412, 1910.
1 (2852): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2381): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (2391): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
3 (12289, 12305, 12313): Uleia, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer,
1926).
Midbody scale-rows 24-26, average 25. Largest specimen
measures 51 mm. (not 46 as given by Meek) from snout to anus,
tail missing.
Scincus scincus scincus (Linnaeus).
Lacerta stincus (sic) Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 205, 1758—Libya; Egypt;
Arabia petrae.
Scincus officinalis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 391, 1887.
Scincus officinalis lineolata Werner, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 123, p. 343,
1914—Egypt.
4 (607, 1869): Cairo, Egypt (Flower and British Museum).
Midbody scale-rows 26; supraoculars 6. Largest specimen
measures 155 (104+-51) mm.
Linnaeus’ name scincus has precedence over officinalis, which
has been more commonly employed. Werner’s race lineolata is
apparently indistinguishable from the typical form. Trinomials are,
however, necessary on account of the other color races proposed by
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE fp
him, both of which are represented in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology.
Chalcides ocellatus ocellatus (Forskal).
Lacerta ocellata Forskal, Hist. Anim., p. 18, 1775—Egypt.
Chalcides ocellatus (part) Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 400, 1887.
Lyogsoma (sic) akeleyi Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 182, 1897
—Berbera, British Somaliland.
2 (366, 369): Berbera, British Somaliland (Akeley, 1896).
1 (606): Alexandria, Egypt (Flower).
Midbody scale-rows 28-30. Largest specimen measures 190
(94+96) mm. This is the paratype of akeleyi Meek which appears
to be indistinguishable from the typical form of ocellatus, as already
pointed out by Boulenger in 1898. It cannot be identified with either
C. o. ragazzii Boulenger from Assab, Eritrea, or C. 0. humilis Bou-
lenger from Ghinda, Eritrea.
Chalcides ocellatus tiligugu (Gmelin).
(Lacerta) tiligugu Gmelin, in Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1, p. 1073, 1788—
Sardinia.
Chalcides ocellatus (part) Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 400, 1887.
2 (588): Algiers, Algeria (British Museum).
2 (8969-70): El Kantara, Algeria (Buxton, 1913).
Midbody scale-rows 30-32. Largest specimen measures 216
(130+-86) mm. The distribution of this color race in relation to that
of the typical form is peculiar. About a dozen races have been
described of which eight are in the collection of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology.
Chalcides bottegi bottegi Boulenger.
Chalcides bottegi Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Civ. Nat. Stor. Genova, (2), 18, p. 719,
pl. x, fig. 1, 1898—Sancurar and Amarr, Ethiopia.
Chalcides pulchellus Mocquard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 466, 1906—
Lobi District, French Sudan.
1 (1870): Zegi, Ethiopia (British Museum).
Midbody scale-rows 24. Total length 193 (101+92) mm. This
specimen agrees closely with the description of botteg: and judging
also from the description of pulchellus the latter only differs from
bottegi in possessing spotting on the under side of the tail. In this
respect it agrees with the western race listed below, though in
possessing 24 midbody scale-rows its affinities seem close to the
74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
typical form. Mocquard compared it with ocellatus, apparently
having overlooked the description of bottegi, as well as that of
thierryt, both of which have the two median rows of dorsal scales
much enlarged.
Chalcides bottegi thierryi Tornier.
Chalcides bottegi var. thierryi Tornier, Arch. Naturg., p. 87, 1901—-Mangu and
Jendi, Togoland.
1 (16870): Marama, Nigeria (Heckman).
Midbody scale-rows 20. Total length 275 (130+145) mm.
This example agrees very closely with Tornier’s description which
was based on two specimens each possessing 20 midbody scale-rows.
Chalcides delislii Boulenger.
Chalcides delislii Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 407, 1887—? Sene-
gambia.
1 (595): Suakin, Sudan (British Museum).
Midbody scale-rows 24; fore limbs tridactyl; hind limbs tetra-
dactyl. Length from snout to anus 85 mm., tail missing.
Chalcides sepoides (Audouin).
Scincus sepoides Audouin, Descr. |’Egypte, Rept., Suppl., p. 180, pl. ii,
figs. 9 and 10, 1829—-Egypt.
Chalcides sepoides Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 407, 1887.
2 (618): Giza, Egypt (British Museum).
Midbody scale-rows 24; all limbs pentadactyl. Larger specimen
measures 133 (86+47) mm.
Scelotes bipes (Linnaeus).
Anguis bipes Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 227, 1758—“‘Indiis.”’
Scelotes bipes Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 414, 1887.
2 (16025-6): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 18; hind limbs didactyl. Larger specimen
measures 147 (91+56) mm.
Feylinia currori currori Gray.
Feylinia currorit Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 129, 1845—Angola; Boulenger,
Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 481, 1887.
1 (8991): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
Midbody scale-rows 22, also on neck and in front of anus; third
labial in contact with eye. Total length 132 (95+37) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 95
Typhlosaurus meyeri Boettger.
Typhlosaurus meyeri Boettger, Abh. Mus. Dresden, No. 5 (no pagination),
1894—Angra Pequena, Southwest Africa.
5 (16027-8380, 16034): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 14; rostral about equal in length to the
total length of all the other head-shields together. Largest specimen
measures 131 (106+25) mm. The coloration of the series is of two
types; three specimens have a broad, chocolate-colored, vertebral
band, four scales in width from the parietals to the end of the tail
where it tapers to two scales in width. In these examples the ventral
aspect of the tail is dusky. The remaining two skinks are pink
and white respectively without markings except for an ill-defined
dusky streak from the nostril to the eye, the occipital spot and a trace
of pigmentation on, or around, the tip of the tail.
Typhlosaurus vermis Boulenger.
Typhlosaurus vermis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 434, pl. xxxviii,
fig. 4, 1887—-Cape of Good Hope.
3 (16031-3): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Midbody scale-rows 12; rostral about equal in length to twice the
total length of all the other head-shields together. Largest specimen
measures 239 (201+38) mm.
CHAMAELEONTIDAE
Chamaeleon chamaeleon (Linnaeus).
Lacerta chamaeleon Linnaeus (part), Syst. Nat., 1, p. 204, 1758—Africa.
Chamaeleon vulgaris Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 443, 1887.
3 (594): Wadi Halfa, Sudan (British Museum).
1 (1583): North Africa (Basel Museum).
Chamaeleon basiliscus Cope.
Chamaeleo basiliscus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 316, 1868—Kor-
usko, Nubia, Sudan.
Chamaeleon basiliscus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 466, 1887.
1 (12727): Devark, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
Chamaeleon senegalensis Daudin.
Chamaeleo senegalensis Daudin, Hist. Nat. Gen. Rept., 4, p. 203, 1802—
region watered by the Senegal and Niger rivers; Gambia and Guinea.
Chamaeleon laevigatus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 95, 1863—500 miles
south of Khartum, Sudan.
Chamaeleon senegalensis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 448, 1887.
1 (13122): Northern Province, Uganda (Zimmer, 1927).
76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTOoRY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Chamaeleon gracilis gracilis Hallowell.
Chamaeleo gracilis Hallowell, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 324, pl. xviii,
1842—Monrovia, Liberia.
Chamaeleon gracilis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 448, 1887.
1 (8965): Belgian Congo (Rosenberg).
Owing to the immaturity of this specimen it is impossible to
decide whether it should belong to the typical race or to etiennei
Schmidt.
Chamaeleon dilepis dilepis Leach.
Chamaeleo dilepis Leach, in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee, App. p. 493, 1819—
Gaboon.
Chamaeleon dilepis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 450, 1887.
3 (12328, 12336, 12342): Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12857): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
6 (12906, 12965, 12970, 12979, 12984, 12989): Kabengere,
Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (18123): Katungulu, Mwanzi, Uganda (Zimmer, 1927).
5 (15865-9): Cuma, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
1 (15461): Caconda, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
All of the Angolan specimens with the exception of Number
15365, which is typical dileprs, might well be referred to C. d. quilensis
Bocage but Numbers 12323 and 12857 have also the small lobes of
quilensis and it is Dr. H. Hechenbleikner’s opinion that the occur-
rence of chameleons of the quilensis type is so erratic that it hardly
merits recognition as a geographic race.
Chamaeleon dilepis roperi Boulenger.
Chamaeleon ropert Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 85, pl. viii, fig. 4,
1890—Kilifi, north of Mombasa, Kenya Colony.
Chamaeleon dilepis Meek (not of Leach), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7,
p. 414, 1910.
2 (2295, 6449): Machakos, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2388): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (15075): Bisan River, Ethiopia (Albrecht, 1929).
Chamaeleon bitaeniatus bitaeniatus Fischer.
Chamaeleo bitaeniatus Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., 1, p. 23, pl. ii, fig. 7,
1884—Lake Naivasha, Kenya Colony.
Chamaeleon bitaeniatus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 452, 1887.
Chamaeleon ellioti Meek (not of Giinther), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser.,
7, p. 414, 1910.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE iS
10 (2254, 2282-3, 2287, 2290-1, 2294, 2297): Lukenya, Kenya
Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (2285-6): Kijabe, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
4 (9866-9): Kigezi District, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
9 (9870-1, 9873, 9875-6, 9878, 9880-2): Kisolo, Uganda (Heller,
1925).
1 (12762): Beni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12832): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
The Uganda and Belgian Congo specimens are referred to the
typical race with some doubt. They agree with the typical form
in the elevation of the casque as compared with the length of the
mouth; in size, however, they are larger than typical bitaeniatus
of the East African highlands. This may be a result of the more
tropical conditions under which they live or they may be regarded
as intermediates between the typical form and ellioti.
Chamaeleon bitaeniatus ellioti Giinther.
Chamaeleon ellioti Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 15, p. 524, pl. xxi,
fig. A, 1895—foot of Mount Ruwenzori, Uganda.
2 (1844): Mount Ruwenzori, Uganda (British Museum).
1 (6979): Lake Kivu, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi (Heller, 1924).
1 (12782): Kisenji, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi (Heller, 1924).
1 (12806): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
The Lukenya specimens referred to elliot? by Meek are typical
bitaeniatus as recorded above.
Chamaeleon bitaeniatus rudis Boulenger.
Chamaeleon rudis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 18, p. 473, 1906—
Mount Ruwenzori, Uganda.
4 (9872, 9874, 9877, 9879): Kisolo, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
Chamaeleon bitaeniatus héhnelii Steindachner.
Chamaeleon héhnelii Steindachner, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 100, p. 307,
pl. i, fig. 1, 1891—-Leikipia, Kenya Colony.
Chamaeleon hoehneli (sic) Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 413,
1910.
Chamaeleon bitaeniatus héhnelii Loveridge, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 151, p. 87,
1929.
1 (1845): Lagari, Kenya Colony (Betton).
2 (2281): Kijabe, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
4 (2288-9, 2292-3): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Young+7 (2295, 6423, 6425-9): Molo, Kenya Colony (Akeley,
1906).
2 (2299, 2804): Mount Kenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
3 (2307-8, 2389): Voi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Chamaeleon pumilus Daudin.
Chamaeleo pumilus Daudin, Hist. Nat. Gen. Rept., 4, p. 212, pl. lili, 1801—
Cape of Good Hope.
Chameleon pumilus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 458, 1887.
2 (1846): Port Elizabeth, Cape Province (British Museum).
1 (16002): Port Nolloth, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Chamaeleon affinis Gray.
Chamaeleon affinis Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 95, 1863—Abyssinia
(Ethiopia). :
Chamaeleon affinis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 461, pl. xxxix,
fig. 7, 1887.
1 (12726): Devark, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
Chamaeleon namaquensis SmitH.
Chamaeleo namaquensis Smith, S. Africa Quarterly Journ., No. 5, p. 17, 1831
—near mouth of Orange River, Little Namaqualand.
Chamaeleon namaquensis Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 462, 1887.
1 (16001): Port Nolloth, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Chamaeleon cristatus Stutchbury.
Chamaeleo cristatus Stutchbury, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 17, p. 361, pl. x,
1837—Gaboon.
Chameleon cristatus Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 471, 1887.
1 (17040): Batanga, Cameroon (University of Chicago, 1903).
Total length 212 (117+95) mm.
Chamaeleon jacksoni Boulenger.
Chamaeleon jacksoni Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 17, p. 376, 1896—
Uganda (in error); Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 413, 1910.
Chamaeleon jacksoni var. vauerescecae Tornier, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 19, p. 176,
1903—forest at 7,000 feet at Nairobi, Kenya Colony.
Chamaeleon jacksoni vauerescecae Loveridge, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 151,
p. 90, 1929.
11 (2279, 2298, 2300, 2302-8, 2305-6): Lukenya Province,
Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 719
As no other records of jacksonz had been recorded since the type,
I suggested to Mr. H. W. Parker that Boulenger had given ‘‘Uganda”’
in its old vague sense, which extended to include Lake Naivasha.
Mr. Parker replied that Uganda had been struck out in the register
and British East Africa substituted in Mr. Boulenger’s handwriting.
As a result vauerescecae of Tornier must become a synonym, being
almost topotypic of jackson.
Chamaeleon johnstoni Boulenger.
Chamaeleon johnstoni Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 136, pl. xiii, 1901—
Mubuku Valley, Ruwenzori, Uganda.
1 (1843): Ruwenzori Mountains at 6,000 feet (British Museum).
5 (6982-6): Lake Kivu, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi (Heller, 1924).
6 (12783-8): Kisenji, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi (Heller, 1924).
This species is now known to be extremely variable and the
races such as graueri cannot be recognized. In the above series for
example there are a few individuals with enlarged conical plates on
the sides but in the majority the sides are granular without strikingly
enlarged plates.
Rhampholeon kerstenii robecchii Boulenger.
Rhampholeon robecchii Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2),
12, p. 18, pl. i, fig. 8, 1892—Wuorandi, near Obbia, Italian Somaliland.
_ Rhampholeon mandera Meek, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 183, 1897—-Mandera,
British Somaliland.
1 (870): Mandera, British Somaliland (Akeley, 1896).
Meek’s type is undoubtedly synonymous with Boulenger’s
robecchti which Parker has recently made a race of kerstenii.
Rhampholeon spectrum (Buchholz).
Chamaeleo spectrum Buchholz, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 298, pl.,
figs. 5 and 6, 1874—-Cameroon.
Rhampholeon spectrum Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3, p. 476, 1887.
1(1848): Benito River, Spanish Guinea (British Museum).
PIPIDAE
Xenopus laevis victorianus Ahl.
Xenopus victorianus Ahl, Zool. Anz. Leipzig, 60, p. 270, 1924—Bussisi, i.e.
Busisi, Lake Victoria, Tanganyika Territory.
Xenopus laevis victorianus Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 74, p. 351, 1933.
14 (12020-33): Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
These frogs, taken at 8,300 feet, have been compared with the
material listed in the second citation and from which they appear
to be indistinguishable though averaging smaller. In this respect
they are intermediate between victorianus and bunyoniensis. They
may be distinguished from the latter by their more acuminate
snouts, the sides of their heads not being parallel, and, in the adults,
the width of their bodies is greater than that of their heads, though
this is not the case in the young which approximate to bunyoniensis
in this respect. The lower surface is more or less immaculate in nine
frogs, slightly mottled or marbled in five. The largest example
(No. 12023) is a female greatly bloated with ova, taken December 2,
1925, and measuring 52 mm.
Xenopus laevis bunyoniensis Loveridge.
Xenopus laevis bunyoniensis Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, p. 114,
1932—Lake Bunyoni, Kigezi District, Uganda.
99 (12177-12181): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
The above series are paratypes of this race and were fully dis-
cussed in the citation given. A key to the races is provided in the
1933 paper mentioned under X. l. victorianus.
—
BUFONIDAE
Bufo regularis regularis Reuss.
Bufo regularis Reuss, Mus. Senckenberg, 1, p. 60, 1834—-Egypt; Boulenger,
Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 298, 1882; Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Zool. Ser., 7, p. 404, 1910.
Bufo garmani Meek, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 176, 1897—Halleh, British
Somaliland.
2 (415-6): Halleh, British Somaliland (Akeley, 1896).
2 (2307, 2396): Athi Plains, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2416): Molo, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2417): Lukenya Hills, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (2426-7): Lake Elmenteita, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (12325): Matameras, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12518): Ethiopia (Bailey, 1926).
1 (12520): Lake Shala, Arusi, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
1 (12521): Mount Albasso, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
2 (12530-1): Sheik Hussein, Bale, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
5 (12701-5): 25 miles west of Lake Tana, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
10 (12714-23): Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 81
1 (12725): Metemma, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
3 (12798, 12800, 12803): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo
(Heller, 1925).
2 (12834-5): Ruchuru, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
4 (12898-900, 12911): Kabengere, Luapula, Belgian Congo
(Zimmer, 1926).
2 (13119-20): White Nile District, Uganda (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (15088): South of Bisan River, Ethiopia (Albrecht, 1929).
4 (153861-4): Cuma, Angola (Hambly, 1929).
These 46 toads agree in possessing a tarsal fold and all the key
characters employed by Noble (1924, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
49, pp. 167-168). In connection with the identification of this mate-
rial, I have endeavored to ascertain what races of regularis may be
recognized. Unfortunately there is very little topotypic material
of the nominate form available and I have had to assume that
East African toads are of the typical race. Sexing is based on the
brown nuptial pad present on the first finger of the male. The head
in males is usually more acuminate than in females.
B. r. regularis Reuss, 1834, Egypt. A topotypic female of 66
mm. and three young of 27-35 mm. give the following results:
End of snout steep when viewed laterally; transverse diameter of
tympanum one-half to two-thirds the orbital diameter; width of
parotid 2 to 214 times its length; fingers moderate, their tips blunt;
tibio-tarsal articulation of adpressed hind limb reaches axilla (in 2)
or shoulder (in 2); tibia 2.4 to 2.8 times in length from snout to anus.
B. r. maculatus Hallowell 1854 being n.n. for cinereus Hallowell,
1844, preoccupied. Lvberia. Eight males (45-56 mm.), ten females
(48-75 mm.), and eight topotypic young (21-36 mm.) give the
following results: End of snout steep when viewed laterally; trans-
verse diameter of tympanum one-half to three-fourths times the
orbital diameter; width of parotid two to three times in its length;
fingers slender, tapering; the tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed
hind limb reaches the axilla (in 10) or shoulder (in 16); tibia 2.2 to
2.6 times in the length from snout to anus. On comparing a topo-
type female maculatus with the topotype female regularis they were
found to agree in dorsal tubercles, large tubercles on forearm, size
of metatarsal tubercles, webbing of toes, etc., but could be separated
on the rather more slender, certainly more tapering toes of maculatus.
Bufo garmant Meek, 1897, Halleh, British Somaliland. Both
_ types juveniles, one at least animmature female. Despite their dried
condition all the key characters of typical regularis may be detected.
82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
With no other Somaliland material I examined the Ethiopian speci-
mens listed above. These consisted of nine males (64-82 mm.),
eleven females (55-96 mm.), and two young (35-40 mm.), which
gave the following results: End of snout steep when viewed laterally;
transverse diameter of tympanum one-half to two-thirds times the
orbital diameter; width of parotid two to three times in its length;
fingers thick, their tips blunt; the tibio-tarsal articulation of the
adpressed hind limb reaches the axilla (in 18) or shoulder (in 2) far
short of axilla (in No. 15088), the rest being too dried to ascertain;
tibia 2.2 to 2.6 times in the length from snout to anus in both sexes.
The largest female (No. 12720) measures 98 mm., but this
Ethiopian toad is only 8 mm. longer than specimens from Molo,
Kenya Colony (No. 2416), and Cuma, Angola (No. 15368); the
smallest toad in the series (No. 2307) only measures 12 mm.
I conclude that there are no grounds on which Ethiopian frogs
can be distinguished from the typical form, not even size, for Anderson
-records a male from Egypt as being 91 mm.
Bufo spinosus Bocage, 1867, Benguela, Angola. Preoccupied by
spinosus Daudin, 1803. I failed to find any difference between the
Angolan and Ethiopian frogs.” Spinosity is a secondary sexual
character of the breeding male and evidently many of the Ethiopian
series were collected when the males had. assembled at the pools at
Addis Ababa, for at first glance their strongly spinose backs (where
small spines are arranged in rosettes upon the greatly swollen tuber-
cles) give them a very distinctive appearance. When, however, one
of these males is compared with a breeding male which I took in
coitu in Tanganyika Territory, the distinction is less apparent and
the slight differences between toads from these two countries could
hardly be stated in words.
Bufo tuberculosus Bocage, 1896, Linokana, Bechuanaland, is pre-
occupied by tuberculosus Risso, 1826. However, B. regularis gut-
teralis Power, 1927, Lobatsi, Bechuanaland, appears to represent the
same toad and Power has recorded gutteralis from Linokana. Now
that he has found the slender-fingered gutteralis occurring in the
same ponds or localities with the thicker-fingered regularis and
breeding at the same time, either they must be specifically distinct
or racially identical! Slender and stubby-fingered individuals occur
in the same human family, so perhapswe shall find that this variability |
occurs within the limits of a species among toads. Though the
Museum of Comparative Zoology possesses a paratype of gutteralis
I hesitate to form a definite opinion as to its status.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 83
Bufo lematrii Boulenger, 1901, was described from Pweto, Lake
Mweru, Belgian Congo, and one would naturally expect Zimmer’s
specimens from Kabengere on the Luapula River, which flows out
of Lake Mweru, to represent the same toad. I am indebted to
Dr. Gaston de Witte for the opportunity to examine a pair of Bufo
lemairii, a long-toed species with acuminate snout. I suggested to
Dr. de Witte that Boulenger’s holotype, said to be a female, was in
reality a male. He confirms this opinion; nevertheless the female of
this species has a more acuminate snout than the male.
Since the foregoing was written (1932) several other descriptions
of races of regularis have appeared.
Bufo regularis kisoloensis Loveridge.
Bufo regularis kisoloensis Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, p. 52, 1932—
Kisolo, Kigezi District, Uganda.
43 (9885-9, 12005): Kisolo, Kigezi, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
10 (12006-15): Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
10 (12124-30, 12132-34): Sabinio Volcano, Uganda (Heller,
1926).
13 (12164—76): Lake Bunyoni, Kigezi, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
The Kisolo specimens constitute the type and paratypes of this
race which is distinguished from all other forms of regularis by
having the toes, except the fourth, webbed to their tips, occasionally
only almost to their tips.
The Bihunga, Sabinio and Bunyoni toads are rather less webbed
and may be regarded as intermediates between kisoloensis and
regularis but approaching the former. The data of the Bihunga and
Sabinio specimens were collected. Twelve males (50-65 mm.), one
female (53 mm.), and eight young (24-40 mm.) give the following
results: End of snout sloping when viewed laterally; transverse
diameter of tympanum one-half (in the smallest only) to two-thirds
or three-fourths times the orbital diameter in adults; width of
parotid two to three times in its length; fingers slender, pointed;
the tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaches to
the axilla (in 4) or shoulder (in 16); tibia 2.2 to 2.5 times in the
length from snout to anus. One male (No. 12009) differs from the
rest in the heavily mottled under parts.
Bufo camerunensis camerunensis Parker.
Bufo camerunensis camerunensis Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 153, 1936
—Oban, Calabar, Nigeria.
1 (8577): Abanga River, French Congo (Bates).
84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
2 (3578, 3580): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (12769): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Parker (l.c. supra) has recently shown that polycerus Werner is
a synonym of tuberosus Giinther and what has been universally
regarded as polycerus is, in reality, an undescribed species for
which he proposes the name camerunensis.
_ Superficially like regularis but differing in their strongly devel-
oped, rather spinose, temporal tubercles. I have considered the
possibility of others in the Mambawanga Hill series being young of
camerunensis for they are certainly somewhat intermediate as
their temporal tubercles are more developed than is usual with
regularts. The above series agree in possessing a well-developed
tarsal fold and in having the fifth (outer) toe webbed to a point
slightly in advance of the penultimate subarticular tubercle.
The largest of three females measures 75 mm., the smallest toad
16 mm.; both are from Bitye.
Bufo funereus Bocage.
Bufo funereus Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, 1, p. 77, 1866—Duque de Bragang¢a;
Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., pp. 281 and 475, 1882.
1 (19892): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
3 (12227-9): Bambuni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
7 (12795, 12797, 12799, 12801-2, 12804-5): Mambawanga Hill,
Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Superficially like regularis but differing in the complete absence
of a tarsal fold though its position may be indicated by a series of
enlarged tubercles as in No. 12799; the outer (fifth) toe is webbed
to the tip (six specimens) or almost to the tip (four specimens); the
first finger is usually only slightly longer than the second, though
occasionally it may be much longer (e.g. Nos. 12795, 12805). I find
that this character fails to distinguish funereus from tuberosus which,
however, may be known by its prominent ovate parotid, this gland
being elongate in funereus.
The largest of ten females measures 61 mm.
‘Bufo tuberosus Giinther.
Bufo tuberosus Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 60, pl. iii, fig. C, 1858—
Fernando Po; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 304, 1882.
Bufo polycerus Werner, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen, 27, p. 211, 1897—
Cameroon.
2 (8585-6): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
The larger of these toads is a male measuring 41 mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 85
Bufo gariepensis gariepensis Smith.
Bufo gariepensis Smith, Illus. Zool. 8. Africa, 3, pl. lxix, figs. 2 and 2a, 1849—
Banks of the Orange River, Cape Colony.
1 (15548): Lady Frere, Cape Province (Romer, 1929).
This specimen has been compared with cotypes of Bufo granti
Boulenger and other examples of gariepensis in the collection of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. The tarso-metatarsal articulation
of the adpressed hind limb reaches the tympanum in four of these
and falls short in one; the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the axilla
in three and falls short in two, apparently irrespective of sex.
The Lady Frere female measures 73 mm.
Bufo superciliaris Boulenger.
Bufo superciliaris Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 565, 1887—Rio del
Rey, Cameroon.
1 (12794): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
This female measures 85 mm.
Bufo carens Smith.
Bufo carens Smith, Illus. Zool. 8. Africa, 3, pl. xlviii, fig. 1, 1849—“Interior
of South Africa’; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 301 (part), 1882.
1 (10880): Bechuanaland (Basel Museum).
This female measures 70 mm.
Bufo blanfordii Boulenger.
Bufo blanfordiit Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 301, pl. xix, fig. 4,
1882—Ain Sambar and Sooroo, Ethiopia.
Bufo viridis somalacus Meek, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 177, 1897—Halleh,
British Somaliland.
6 (419-424): Halleh, British Somaliland (Akeley, 1896).
These toads, representing the type series of somalacus Meek,
long considered a synonym of blanfordii, have now been compared
with an example of blanfordii (M.C.Z. 15423) from Somaliland
which was identified as such by Dr. G. A. Boulenger. These speci-
mens have been adequately described by Meek who gives the
measurements of each in inches. The type (No. 419), a juvenile
male, is the largest of the series and measures 39 mm.
Bufo osgoodi Loveridge.
Bufo osgoodi Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, p. 47, 1932—Ethiopia.
1 (12529): Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926-27).
86 FIELD MuseuM oF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOooLoGy, VoL. XXII
This is the female holotype of a recently described toad with
hidden tympanum related to Bufo lénnbergi Andersson.
Nectophryne afra Buchholz and Peters.
Nectophryne afra Buchholz and Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 202,
pl. ii, fig. 5, 1875—-Cameroon; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus.,
p. 279, 1882.
2 (3575-6): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
Though Bitye is the type locality of the closely related N.
batesti, Boulenger, when describing the latter, figured both species
from Bitye; this illustration makes it easy to distinguish them. The
larger toad is gravid with a mass of ova and measures 22 mm.
RANIDAE
Scotobleps gabonicus Boulenger.
Scotobleps gabonicus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 439, pl. xxviii,
fig. 1, 1900—Benito River, French Congo; Parker, Proc. Zool. Soe.
Lond., p. 141, 1936.
Astylosternus oxyrhynchus Niedep, Zool. Anz., 32, p. 660, 1908—Lolodorf,
Cameroon.
Astylosternus gabonicus Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), 7, pp. 493-495,
1931.
2 (3626-7): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
Interorbital space half as wide as an upper eyelid; tympanum
half the orbital diameter; toes webbed to the base of the terminal
phalanx on the third and fifth toes, to the second phalanx on the
fourth toe. The larger frog measures 51 mm.
Parker (1986) no longer considers Scotobleps synonymous with
Astylosternus. These specimens, identified as gabonicus by Boulenger,
do not differ in any important detail from oxyrhynchus which Nieden
correctly referred to the genus Astylosternus. Of oxyrhynchus it is
stated that the interorbital space is only a third the width of an
upper eyelid but this is a character which is subject to variation
depending largely on muscular contraction at the time of death.
Scotobleps camerunensis Ahl from Bipindi, Cameroon, may pos-
sibly be found to be synonymous also. Its chief claim to distinction
lies in the length of the tibia which the author affirms is contained
from two and a quarter to two and a third times in the length from
snout to anus, in gabonicus about one and three-quarter times.
This difference is reflected when the tibio-tarsal articulation of the
adpressed hind limb marks the middle of the eye in camerunensis,
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 87
the nostril, or between the eye and the nostril, in gabonicus from the
Cameroon and Gaboon.
Trichobatrachus robustus Boulenger.
Trichobatrachus robustus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 443, pl. xxx,
1900—Benito River, Spanish Guinea; Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10),
7, pp. 493-495, 1931; Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 141, 1936.
1 (14825): Lolodorf, Cameroon (Cozzens, 1928).
2 (15976—7): Cameroon (Cozzens, 1928).
The interorbital space is equal to an upper eyelid in the two
males, once and a half times as wide in the female; in a score of
Cameroon specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology an
even greater range is shown in males, being from half the width
(M.C.Z. 3383, 8821) to much broader (M.C.Z. 2612); the tym-
panum, sometimes barely distinguishable, agrees with the type in
being half the diameter of the eye and I cannot but think it was
accidental for Parker (1931)! to place robustus in his group (1) in
which the tympanum is two-thirds the eye diameter; the horizontal
diameter is always half, or less than half, the vertical is occasionally
two-thirds. Nor has robustus a rudiment of web like the members of
group (1); in the twenty-three specimens before me it is webbed
like gabonicus, i.e. to the base of the terminal phalanx on the third
and fifth toes, to the second phalanx on the fourth toe. An extraor-
dinary variation in the size of the tongue is to be noted in the
male specimens in Field Museum, showing how little value should
be placed on this character. The variation is as follows:
The 130 mm. male has a tongue 19 mm. long and 21 mm. broad.
The 114 mm. male has a tongue 26 mm. long and 27 mm. broad.
The 115 mm. male (M.C.Z. 3373) has a tongue 25 mm. long
and 19 mm. broad.
The larger male measures 130 mm., the female 98 mm.; none of
the long series in the Museum of Comparative Zoology surpasses
these measurements.
Astylosternus diadematus Werner.
Astylosternus diadematus Werner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 48, p. 200,
figs., 1898—Victoria, Cameroon; Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10),
7, pp. 493-495, 1931.
Gampsosteonyx batesii Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 442, pl. xxix,
1900—Benito River, Spanish Guinea.
2 (3630-1): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
' Mr. Parker has since informed me that it was a slip.
88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
The interorbital space equals an upper eyelid; tympanum two-
thirds the orbital diameter; toes webbed at base only. The larger
frog measures 52 mm.
Parker (1931), after amending the original description, remarks
of the type of Gampsosteonyx that on osteological grounds it is
generically indistinguishable from Astylosternus and adds, in a
footnote, that probably diadematus and batesii are conspecific.
After a careful perusal of the two descriptions, I find that the
only characters which apparently conflict are as follows:
diadematus batesiz
Tongue deeply emarginate Tongue feebly notched behind
Outer metatarsals separated Outer metatarsals bound together
The first of these, as shown by all the material at my disposal, is
variable, dependent on the state of preservation, and Werner remarks
that his single specimen was poorly preserved. If the second meant
separated by web, a phrase often employed, the last apparent reason
for keeping the two as distinct species is removed. In view of the
closeness of markings and other characters as shown by the figures
of the types I have no hesitation in considering bates2i a synonym
of diadematus.
Since the foregoing was written Parker (1936, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., p. 142) has synonymized batesit and Dilobates platycephalus
Boulenger with diadematus.
Rana goliath Boulenger.
Rana goliath Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 17, p. 317, 1906—Efulen,
Cameroon.
3 (148224): Lolodorf, Cameroon (Cozzens, 1928).
2 (15978-9): Cameroon (Cozzens, 1928).
It has been proposed to separate goliath from other members of
the genus Rana under the name of Gigantorana (fide Noble, Biology
of the Amphibia, p. 519, 1931), characterized by epicoracoids which
are only weakly calcified. In March, 1931, Scortecci (Atti. Soe.
ital. Milano, 20, p. 17), separated beccari, crassipes, goliath, and
perpalmata under the name of Paleorana. Any grouping which
would separate goliath from crassipes would seem to be unnatural
and unjustifiable. See Parker (1936, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 137)
for a more recent discussion of the position.
The tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaches
the end of the snout in all except the largest frog (No. 14823) where
it only reaches the eye, in this respect approaching crassipes where it
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 89
reaches from the tympanum to the eye. So closely allied are these
two species that one wonders if juvenile goliath may not be sometimes
misidentified as crassipes; the latter, however, breeds at a length
of 65 mm.
The largest specimen measures 207 mm.
Rana crassipes Buchholz and Peters.
Rana crassipes Buchholz and Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 201,
1875—Abo, Cameroon.
2 (3589-90): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
The larger frog measures 45 mm.
Rana subsigillata Duméril.
Rana subsigillata Duméril, Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 560, 1856—Gaboon; Bou-
lenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 23, 1882.
1 (3591): Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (3592): Abanga River, Gaboon (Bates).
Both are very young examples but display the vermiculations on
the lower surface. They have three, not two, horny prominences on
the front of the lower jaw.
The larger frog measures 30 mm.
Rana occipitalis Giinther.
Rana occipitalis Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 130, pl. xi, 1858—
“West Africa,” “Africa,” Gambia; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus.,
p. 27, 1882.
1 (3594): Agberi, southern Nigeria.
A young male measuring 87 mm. A tadpole also bears the same
registration number but I have not attempted to identify it.
Rana delalandii delalandii (Duméril and Bibron).
Pyzxicephalus delalandii Duméril and Bibron, Erpét. Gén., 8, p. 445, pl. Ixxxvii,
figs. 1, la, and 1b, 1841—South Africa.
Rana delalandii Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 31, 1882.
“Rana delandi (Giinther)”’ (sic) Meek, Field Mus., Zool Ser., 1, p. 175,
1897.
Rana (Tomopterna) hieroglyphica Ahl, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin,
p. 42, 1927 (1925)—-So-Omadu, Somaliland.
Rana (Pyxicephalus) delalandii Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 365, 1932.
1 (414): Hullieh, British Somaliland (Akeley, 1896).
1 (12534): Sheik Hussein, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
2 (15089-90): South of Bisan River, Ethiopia (Albrecht, 1929).
90 FIELD MuseuM oF NATURAL HistoRY—Zoo.Locy, Vou. XXII
Parker (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 365, 1932) with sixty Somali
specimens relegates hieroglyphica Ahl to the synonymy; an action
which I endorse after examination of a paratype of hieroglyphica
(M.C.Z. 17539).
The tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaches
the eye in three of the above specimens, and to the shoulder only
in an adult female (No. 12534) which is bloated with ova. This
female is the largest frog and measures 47 mm. from tip of snout
to vent.
One of the specimens from the Great Karas Mountains, Namaqua-
land, referred to delalandii by Methuen and Hewitt (Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 4, p. 124, 1914) is now in the collection of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology and agrees well with a cotype of the Angolan
cryptotis (M.C.Z. 19268) rather than with the typicalform. I believe
that this form is to be recognized as a distinct subspecies, Rana
delalandit cryptotts Boulenger.
Ahl (Sitzber. Ges. riaturf. Freunde Berlin, p. 44, 1927) fails to
state in what way szgnata and cacondana differ from delalandii and
a careful perusal of his descriptions reveals nothing which would
justify their recognition as other than synonyms of cryptotis or
intermediates between it and the typical form from which they
differ in their indistinct tympana. They are said to lack the tarsal
tubercle which was said to characterize cryptotis but an examination
of a long series of the typical form shows that this may be present
or absent as is the case also with the small outer, conical metatarsal
tubercle.
Rana fuscigula angolensis Bocage.
Rana angolensis Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, 1, p. 738, 1866—Duque de Bra-
ganca, Angola; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 50, 1882.
Rana nutti Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 18, p. 467, 1896—Lake
Tanganyika.
Rana fuscigula angolensis Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 74, p. 362, 1933.
1 (3595): Benguela, Angola (Ansorge).
58 (12112-21): Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
62 (12191-2): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
8 (12195-202): Kalongi, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
14 (12210-23): Ibala, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
The reasons for considering R. nutti Boulenger a synonym of
angolensis, together with a key to the races of fuscigula, are given
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 91
in the citation above. It might be remarked, however, that the
Lake Bunyoni specimens are intermediate between R. f. angolensis
and R. f. chapini in that the webbing of the fifth toe extends part
way up the last phalanx.
The largest male measures 59 mm., and largest female 74 mm.,
both from Kigezi District; those from Bunyoni are but a millimeter
or two smaller.
Rana cooperi Parker.
Rana (Ptychadaena) cooperi Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 2, 1930—
Wouramboulchi, Ethiopia.
1 (12516): Allata, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
This frog has been compared with a paratype of Rana cooperi
(M.C.Z. 16251) and, though the latter is much smaller, they appear
to be specifically identical despite the fact that the Allata specimen
possesses vomerine teeth. It will be recalled, however, that Parker’s
largest paratype, a 52 mm. female, possessed a vomerine tooth on
one side only and that in the introduction to his paper Parker pre-
sents a very valuable discussion on the absence of vomerine teeth
in Ethiopian frogs. It may transpire that cooperi should be regarded
as a race of fuscigula nearest to angolensis.
The Field Museum female measures 57 mm.
Rana aequiplicata Werner.
Rana mascareniensis var. aequiplicata Werner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 48,
p. 192, 1898—Victoria and Buea, Cameroon.
1 (3579): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
Compared with specimens in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology from Efulen, Cameroon, and Benito River, Spanish Guinea.
From these it differs only in that each digit terminates in a sharp
bony claw (somewhat different from that of Gampsosteonyx=
Astylosternus); these claws presumably penetrate the tissues at the
breeding season. Total length 44 mm.
Rana oxyrhynchus Smith.
Rana oxyrhynchus A. Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, pl. Ixxvii, figs. 2 and
2a—c, 1849—Kafirland and region of Port Natal; Boulenger, Cat. Batr.
Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 51, 1882.
Phrynobatrachus hailensis Meek, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., 1, p. 175, 1897—
Halleh, British Somaliland.
Ptychadena aberae Ahl, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, p. 97, 1923—
Abera, near Jamdjam (Sidamo), southwest Ethiopia.
92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—ZooLoGcy, VoL. XXII
Rana mascariensis (part) Meek (not of Duméril and Bibron), Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Zool. Ser., 10, p. 403, 1910.
2 (417-8): Halleh, British Somaliland (Akeley, 1896).
3 (2397, 2411, 2415): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2418): Athi River, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
6 (12245, 12247-8, 12262, 12269, 12272): Lake Manka, Tangan-
yika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
2 (12532-3): Sheik Hussein, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
1 (12724): Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
1 (12736): Gendoa River, Dembea, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
2 (12867-8): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
3 (18375-7): Bambuni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
In 1898 Boulenger (Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 18 (38),
p. 4) referred Phrynobatrachus hailensis Meek to the synonymy of
Rana mascareniensis, An examination of the types (Nos. 417-8)
makes it necessary br me to correct this. Meek was in error in
stating that vomerine teeth were absent, for they are present but
searcely discernible as both his specimens were young males. It is
curious that he omitted any mention of their sublingual vocal slits
and black pouches. The habits, as described by Elliot, are
- typically those of oxryrhynchus and not of a Phrynobatrachus.
Ahl’s description of aberae agrees with the Ethiopian material,
and Transvaal oxyrhynchus, except that Ahl states that the femur
is longer than the foot. Such a proportion would be so unusual that
I venture to suggest that the opposite was intended.
The largest male (Katobwe) measures 43 mm. and the largest
females (from Sheik Hussein and Bambuni) measure 51 and 52 mm.
respectively.
Rana mascareniensis mascareniensis Duméril and Bibron.
Rana mascareniensis Duméril and Bibron, Erpét. Gén., 8, p. 350, 1841—
Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit.
Mus., pp. 52, 460, 1882.
Rana mascariensis (sic) Meek (part), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., p.
403, 1910.
1 (2425): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
4 (12001-4): Kisolo, Uganda (Heller, 1926).
10 (12244, 12246, 12263-8, 12270-1): Lake Manka, Tanganyika
Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
5 (15091-5): Gatelo, Ethiopia (Albrecht, 1929).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 93
The series have been compared with a cotype of the species
(M.C.Z. 1044) from Madagascar. There are four adult males and
sixteen females and young. The first finger is equal to, or a trifle
shorter than, the second; in none longer (all hands examined).
Three joints of the fifth toe, and two and a half or three joints of
the fourth toe, webbed, leaving one phalanx of the fifth, and two of
the fourth, free of web. The tibio-tarsal articulation of the ad-
pressed hind limb reaches to the nostril in males and some young,
to the eye or just beyond the end of the snout in females; this wide
range may be observed in females from Lake Manka alone. The
largest male measures 39 mm., and female (Nairobi) 53 mm.
Rana mascareniensis uzungwensis Loveridge.
Rana mascareniensis uzungwensis Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72,
p. 384, 1982—-Dabaga, Uzungwe Mountains, Tanganyika Territory.
1 (12515): Kitete, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
This identification is somewhat tentative. On comparison with
the type of uzungwensis (M.C.Z. 16626) the Kitete frog is found
to be still more divergent from the typical form of mascareniensis in
the webbing of the fifth toe for it has only two joints webbed and
two free. All the other toes are webbed like those of wzuwngwensis,
which differs from the typical form in having only the two basal
joints of the fourth toe webbed and three joints free. The first
finger equals the second. The tibio-tarsal joint of the adpressed
hind limb marks the nostril. Female measures 39 mm. The
Kitete, from which this frog came, is near Mahenge and little more
than fifty miles southeast of the type locality of wzungwensis.
Rana mascareniensis subsp. indet.
1 (12519): Awadi River, Arusi, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
1 (12706): 25 miles west of Lake Tana, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1927).
These frogs may be distinguished from the typical form by the
less extensive webbing on their toes; this is best expressed as
follows:
First toe has 134 phalanges free and 1144 phalanges webbed.
Second toe has 14% phalanges free and 114 phalanges webbed.
Third toe has 2 phalanges free and 2 phalanges webbed.
Fourth toe has 3 phalanges free and 2 phalanges webbed.
Fifth toe has 2 phalanges free and 2 phalanges webbed.
94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
It will be seen, therefore, that they are very close to venusta (see
below) which was described from Mongalla. They differ almost
enough to be regarded as subspecifically distinct, and perhaps the
name abyssinica Peters, ,1881 from Ailet near Massawa, Eritrea, or
nilotica Sentzen, might be applicable. They do not represent
schillukorum nor gondokorensis Werner; nor either neuwmanni or
erlangert Ahl, described from this region.
The first finger is equal to, or slightly shorter than, the second;
the tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaches well
beyond the end of the snout in the adult, to the nostril in the
young one from west of Lake Tana. Back of the thighs marbled.
The adult female measures 52 mm.
Rana mascareniensis venusta Werner.
Rana venusta Werner, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 116, part 1, pp. 1889 and
1892, pl. iv, fig. 11, 1907—-Entebbe, Uganda, Mongalla, and Lagos.
19 (12232): Bambuni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12747): Kalongi, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12748): Bugongo Ridge, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12759-60): Beni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12793): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
These have been compared with topotypes of the race from
Entebbe, Uganda. The form may be distinguished from other races
of mascareniensis by its larger size and by the webbing of the toes;
the character of the toes of the specimens listed, after an examination
of every individual, may be stated thus:
First toe has 14% (or 1) phalanges free and 11% (or 2)
phalanges webbed.
Second toe has 1 phalanx free and 2 phalanges webbed.
Third toe has 2 (or 1) phalanges free and 2 (or 3) phalanges
webbed.
Fourth toe has 3 (or 2) phalanges free and 2 (or 3) phalanges
webbed.
Fifth toe has 1 phalanx free and 3 phalanges webbed.
The first finger is equal to, or slightly shorter than, the second; the
tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaches from the
nostril to well beyond the tip of the snout in both sexes; the inter-
orbital space is equal to, or larger or smaller than, an upper eyelid,
in several specimens two of these conditions may be noted on one
individual, showing its uselessness for diagnostic purposes. Back of
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 95
the thighs with a clear, regular or irregular line as in the type in all
except two young (12747-8). Largest of five males measures 50
mm., of seventeen females 63 mm.
Rana ansorgii Boulenger.
Rana ansorgii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 16, p. 107, pl. iv, fig. 1,
1905—between Benguela and Bihé, Angola.
1 (3596): Benguela, Angola (Ansorge).
This specimen was received from London identified as angolensis.
I have compared it with a series of ansorgii from Tanganyika Terri-
tory (M.C.Z. 16676—85) some of which have been compared with
the type. This frog agrees in having only two phalanges of the fifth
(outer) toe webbed. Total length 35 mm.
Rana galamensis bravana (Peters).
Limnodytes bravanus Peters, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, p. 3, 1882—
Barawa, i.e. Brava, Italian Somaliland.
Rana magretti Scortecci, Atti. Soc. ital. Milano, 68, p. 182, pl. ix, figs. 1-3,
1929—Ghinda, Italian Somaliland.
Rana fiechteri Scortecci, Atti. Soc. ital. Milano, 68, p. 248, pl. xii, figs. 2-4,
1980—Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi, Italian Somaliland.
Rana somalica Scortecci, Atti. Soc. ital. Milano, 69, p. 820, 1931—Villaggio
Duca degli Abruzzi, Italian Somaliland.
12 (12853-6, 128589, 12861-6): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zim-
mer, 1926).
The vomerine teeth are between, and continued slightly behind,
the level of the choanae; the tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed
hind limb marks the tympanum in all males and females excepting
three (1 male, 2 females) where it reaches the hinder part of the eye.
The largest male measures 62 mm., the largest female 86 mm., being
matched by one of the same size from Zanzibar.
In 19338, I (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 74, p. 366) remarked that
the contention as to whether Limnodytes bravanus was distinct from
galamensis Dum. and Bib. from Galam Lakes, Senegal, could not be
settled until Senegal material was available. Since that time Field
Museum has received three specimens of the typical form from F. C.
Wonder, who collected them from Kedougou, Senegal, and Bamako,
French Sudan, in 1934. Mr. Schmidt invited my attention to them
and as a result of examining this material I am quite satisfied that
the eastern form represents a recognizable race.
I consider that the Katobwe series should be referred to this
eastern race though these frogs differ somewhat in the marking on
96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOoLOGY, VOL. XXII
the posterior aspect of the thighs from both the eastern and the
typical form. No structural difference could be found to warrant
their separation. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has exam-
ples of this eastern form from Bukoba, west of Lake Victoria, and
all up the east coast from Zanzibar to Lamu.
In this connection it might be remarked that my friend Dr.
G. Scortecci apparently overlooked the description of bravana when
compiling his list of the amphibia of Italian Somaliland. This
resulted in the describing of fiechtert and somalica, which appear to
be inseparable from bravana. R. fiechtert was based on a 50 mm.
frog said to be a male, a point worth checking before the accept-
ance of my conclusion. R. somalica was based on an undoubted
male of 63 mm. with characteristic vocal sacs, also two young of 37
and 27 mm. respectively.
Rana albolabris Hallowell.
Rana albolabris Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, p. 153, 1856—
West Africa; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 59, pl. v, figs. 2 and
2a-b, 1882.
1 (8587): Uganda (Simon).
1 (3588): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
The larger specimen measures 43 mm.
Petropedetes newtonii (Bocage).
Tympanoceros newtonii Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, (2), 3, p. 270, 1895—Fer-
nando Po; idem, 4, p. 18, pl., 1895.
Petropedetes newtoni Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 439, 1900.
2 (8628-9): Akok near Kribi, Cameroon (Bates).
These two young males, whose tympana are more than half the
orbital diameter, have been compared with the series in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology. The latter are from five localities, in-
cluding Akok. Both frogs measure 34 mm.
Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith).
Stenorhynchus natalensis A. Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, Appendix, p. 24,
1849—Port Natal (i.e. Durban, Natal).
Phrynobatrachus natalensis Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 112,
1882; Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 403, 1910.
1 (2414): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (2421-2): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (12761): Beni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 97
The Nairobi frog has dried up and is unidentifiable. As, however,
natalensis is common at Nairobi I accept Meek’s identification.
Though Meek speaks of only one frog from Lukenya, there are two
juveniles similar in appearance to acridoides but the latter has more
webbing;on these frogs two phalanges of the fifth, and two anda half to
three of the fourth, toe are free of web. The Beni frog measures 33 mm.
Phrynobatrachus graueri (Nieden).
Arthroleptis grauert Nieden, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, p. 411, 1910
—Rugege Forest, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
Phrynobatrachus graueri Nieden, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch.-Zentr.-Afrika Exped.,
4, p. 174, pl. v, figs. 2a—b, 1912.
61 (12034-94): Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
61 (12122, 12162-3): Sabinio Volcano, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
1 (12224): Ibala, Ruwenzori, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
Disk and one, or one and a half, phalanges of the fifth toe free,
disk and two phalanges of the fourth toe free of web, the third
phalanx of the fourth webbed only as a narrow fringe. The males
are much smaller and darker than the fawn-hued females. Most of
the Sabinio series are juvenile but some females of 25 mm. are
bloated with eggs (circa 25. xii. 1925). These have been in water
apparently, for the skin is much smoother and the characteristic
dorsal plicae are scarcely noticeable, though present. The largest
female (Ibala) measures 27 mm.
Phrynobatrachus dendrobates (Boulenger).
Arthroleptis dendrobates Boulenger, Rev. Zool. Africaine, 7, p. 8, 1919—Medje,
Belgian Congo.
Phrynobatrachus versicolor Ahl, Zool. Anz., 61, p. 100, 1924—Rugege Forest,
Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides Ahl, Zool. Anz., 61, p. 102, 1924—Ruwenzori
and west of Lake Edward, Belgian Congo.
4 (12016-9): Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
81 (12141-61): Sabinio Voleano, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
3 (12187, 12189-90): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
75 (12208, 12226): Mount Ruwenzori, Belgian Congo (Heller,
1925).
1 (12225): Ibala, Mount Ruwenzori, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
These specimens have been compared with topotypes of den-
drobates and cotypes of versicolor and petropedetoides (M.C.Z.
17532-8 and 17534-5 respectively) and I fail to find any characters
by which they may be distinguished.
98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Disk and one phalanx of the fifth toe, disk and one phalanx of
the fourth toe free of web, the third phalanx of the fourth toe only
webbed as a narrow fringe; tibia contained one and three-quarter
times to twice in the length from snout to anus. Two very pro-
nounced color types are present, some frogs having a white upper
lip, others with the lip marbled with darker. Such coloring is
independent of sex. The largest frog measures 38 mm.
Phrynobatrachus plicatus (Giinther).
Hyperolius plicatus Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 88, pl. vii, fig. C,
1858—coast of Guinea.
Phrynobatrachus plicatus Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 112, 1882.
1 (8647): Ngama, Ogowe River, French Congo (Ansorge).
1 (8648): Akok, near Kribi, Cameroon (Bates).
No phalanx of, the fifth toe (being strongly webbed to the disk)
and only the disk and one phalanx of the fourth toe free of web.
The young Akok frog is rather dried and at first glance appears to
have two phalanges of the fourth toe free. These specimens have
been compared with the extensive series in the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology, one of which (M.C.Z. 2753) from Kribi agrees closely
with the figure of auritus Boulenger, which is believed to be a syn-
onym. The larger frog measures 33 mm.
Phrynobatrachus acridoides (Cope).
Staurois acridoides Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, p. 198, 1867—
Zanzibar.
Phrynobatrachus acridoides Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 118, 1882.
22 (9999): No locality (Zimmer, 1926).
Disk and one phalanx of the fifth toe, disk and two phalanges of
the fourth toe free of web. The largest frog measures 18 mm.
compared with the types (M.C.Z. 15026-32).
Arthroleptis variabilis Matschie.
Arthroleptis variabilis Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin,_p. 173,
18983—Buea and Barombi, Cameroon.
2 (3634): Bitye, Ja River, Cameroon (Bates).
Compared with specimens from Kribi and Lolodorf, Cameroon,
in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The
tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaches the nostril
in the male, nostril or eye in four females. Length of male 31 mm.,
of female 36 mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 99
Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters.
Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 446, 1863
—Boutry, Ashanti, Gold Coast.
2 (3611-2): Kribi, Cameroon (Bates).
2 (3632-3): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
These specimens were originally identified by Boulenger and I
believe are correctly determined, though No. 3632 has a metatarsal
tubercle as long as the inner toe which has long been regarded as a
key character distinguishing variabilis from poecilonotus; in the
other three the metatarsal tubercle is quite definitely shorter than
the inner toe. All are of small size, the largest only measuring 25 mm.
Arthroleptis minutus Boulenger.
Arthroleptis minutus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 589, pl. xxx, fig. 4,
1895—Durro, western Somaliland, i.e. Ethiopia; Meek, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 403, 1910.
1 (6533): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
This 18 mm. frog is now so macerated that it is of little taxo-
nomic value.
Boulenger refers his readers to Dr. Donaldson Smith’s map
(Geographical Journal, 5, p. 125, 1895) for information as to localities.
There we find no reference to Durro, but to the Darro Mountains
located about 7° 15’ N., 41° 10’ E.; in the fine Atlante Internazionale
Del Tourny Club Italiano, 1929, however, the Darro Mountains are
shown as 8° 6’ N., 40° 40’ E., occupying much the position of the
Hedabo Mountains on other maps.
Arthroleptis ogoensis Boulenger.
Arthroleptis ogoensis Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, (3), 2, p. 162
pl. i, figs. 7-8, 1906 (1905)—-Lambarene, Ogowe, French Congo.
2 (3610): Gaboon, French Congo (Ansorge).
These frogs, identified by Boulenger, are apparently a pair. The
inner metatarsal tubercle would appear to be as far from the outer
as it is from the tarsal. Both male (black throat) and female (flecked
throat) measure 14 mm.
Arthroleptis rouxi Nieden.
Arthroleptis rouxi Nieden, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afrika-Exped., 4,
p. 178, pl. v, figs. 5a—b, 1912—-Budu Forest, Uganda.
1 (12123): Sabinio Voleano, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
1 (12188): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
2 (12230-1): Bambuni, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
I believe that these frogs, all from the central lake region,
represent rouxi which, in 1928, I incorrectly assigned to the synonymy
of ogoensis, though there appears to be little to separate them
except the black throat of the ogoensis males. In these four frogs
the inner metatarsal tubercle is as far from the outer as it is from
the tarsal (12123, 12188) or nearer the outer than it is to the tarsal
(12230-1) though the holotype of rowxt was supposed to be dis-
tinguished from ogoensis by the distance between the two metatarsal
tubercles being greater than the distance between the inner and
tarsal tubercles. It might be remarked also that the snout, measured
from the anterior border of the eye, is longer than the orbit and the
interorbital space is equal to an upper eyelid in the Bambuni frogs,
greater than an upper eyelid in the Sabinio and Bunyoni specimens.
The larger male, which measures 18 mm., and female, measuring
21 mm., are both from Bambuni.
Hemisus marmoratum marmoratum (Peters).
Engystoma marmoratum Peters, Arch. Naturg., 21, p. 58, 1855—Cabaceira,
Mozambique.
Hemisus marmorata Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 404, 1910.
1 (2419): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Total length 29 mm. as given by Meek.
POLY PEDATIDAE
Chiromantis rufescens (Giinther).
Polypedates rufescens Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 486, 1868—‘*‘West
Africa.”
Chiromantis rufescens Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 92, pl. x,
fig. 2, 1882.
2 (3645-6): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
The larger frog measures 65 mm.
Leptopelis bocagii ¢Giinther).
Cystignathus bocagii Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 481, pl. xxxiii, fig. 2,
1864—-Duque de Braganea, Angola.
Hylambates bocagii Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 133, figs., 1882.
Hylambates bocagei (sic) Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 404,
1910.
1 (2424): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
This frog measures 34 (not 37) mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 101
Leptopelis brevirostris (Werner).
Hylambates brevirostris Werner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 48, p. 199, pl.
ii, figs. 5 and 6, 1898—Victoria, Cameroon.
2 (3641-2): Ja District, Cameroon (Bates).
The larger frog measures 52 mm.
Leptopelis palmatus (Peters).
Hylambates palmatus Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 453, pl. ii,
fig. 2, 1868—TIle de Principé.
Leptopelis rufus Reichenow, Arch. Naturg., 40, part 1, p. 291, pl. ix, figs. la
and 1b, 1874—Victoria, Cameroon.
Hylambates palmatus Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 136, 1882.
2 (3639-40): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
These frogs, identified as rufus by Boulenger, run down to
violescens Ahl of Spanish Guinea in the latter’s key (Ahl, 1931, Sitz-
ber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, pp. 186-191). The tibia is included
one and three-quarter times in the length from snout to anus. The
larger frog measures 55 mm.
Leptopelis aubryi (Duméril).
Hyla aubryi Duméril, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 8, p. 561, 1856—Gaboon.
Hylambates aubryi Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 135, 1882.
2 (12789-91): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
These frogs compare well with a series from Kribi, Cameroon, in
the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The largest
specimen, a female measuring 57 mm., is bloated with enlarged ova.
Leptopelis ocellatus (Mocquard).
Hylambates ocellatus Mocquard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 413, 1902—
fifty kilometers southwest of Lambarene, French Congo.
2 (3637-8): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
These specimens were originally identified with aubryi of which
ocellatus is considered a synonym by many authors. I am inclined
to think, however, that it may be recognized by its fine markings,
particularly by the series of white-edged ocelli (some of which may
coalesce) along its flanks. The Museum of Comparative Zoology
possesses eight examples from Efulen, Kribi, and the Ja River,
Cameroon. The larger frog from Efulen measures 45 mm.
Leptopelis karissimbensis Ahl.
Leptopelis karissimbensis Ahl, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, p. 206,
1929—Kisenji, Lake Kivu, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
Leptopelisrugegensis Ahl, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, p. 218, 1929
—Rugege Forest, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
1 (12108): Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
2 (12135-6): Sabinio Voleano, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
These frogs have been compared with a cotype of rugegensis
(M.C.Z. 17531), a species readily recognizable by the smooth round
disks, like breastplates, on the sides of the chest close to the junction
of the forearms. I do not recollect having seen these structures in
any other member of the genus.
From the description of rugegensis, No. 121385 differs in having
the tympana scarcely visible though in No. 12108 they are distinct;
the tibio-tarsal articulation easily reaches the anterior border of the
eye; the tibia is included twice in the length from snout to anus;
doubtless this is a sign of youth as it was two and a quarter to two
and a third times in the types. When the author states snout as
long as the eye or longer, it seems evident that he measured the
snout from the nostril. All three frogs are young, the largest measur-
ing only 34 mm.
At my suggestion, Mr. Schmidt later compared them with the
description of karissimbensis and concluded that the two species
are synonymous. The only positive difference is a tarsal spur,
such as is barely indicated in Field Museum material, which is
said to be present in karissimbensis.
Megalixalus fornasinii (Bianconi).
Euchnemis fornasinii Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb., Rept., pl. v, fig. 1,
1850—Mozambique.
Megalixalus fornasinii Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 130, 1882.
1 (12328): Mitiangu, Mahenge, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer,
1926).
This young frog, measuring 27 mm., is referable to fornasinii
of which loveridgit Procter is a synonym.
Megalixalus dorsalis (Peters).
Hyperolius dorsalis (Schlegel) Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 206,
pl. i, fig. 2, 1875—Boutry, Ashanti, Gold Coast and Victoria, Cameroon.
Megalixalus dorsalis Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pp. 900-902, 1931.
5 (12203-7): Kalongi, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12209): Ibala, Belgian Congo (Heller, 1925).
1 (12940): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 103
Parker (1931) has recently straightened out the confusion into
which this frog and the preceding species had fallen since Boulenger,
in 1882, placed dorsalis in the synonymy of fornasinii. I am not
certain whether the very young frog from Ibala should be referred
to dorsalis or some species of Hyperolius. The series, apart from
this, is composed of three males and three females, the latter dis-
tended with ova. Largest male measures 33 mm., female 38 mm.
Megalixalus leptosomus (Peters).
Hyperolius leptosomus Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 619, pl.,
fig. 5, 1877—-Chinchoxo, Portuguese Congo.
Megalixalus leptosomus Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 129, 1882.
19 (12914-30, 12981-2): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer,
1926).
The series consists of seven males and twelve females. Largest
male measures 30 mm., female 32 mm.
Hyperolius spp.
It should perhaps be remarked that the members of this genus
are not “species’’ on the same basis as other amphibians listed in
this paper. In many of the forms there is structurally nothing to
differentiate them; at the same time they have strikingly different
color patterns. Using color pattern as a basis of discrimination, how-
ever, is complicated by the fact that in addition to sexual dimorphism
in this respect, the young of many species change their pattern on
becoming adult while in other species great variation occurs in a
single locality. Recently Ahl (1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17,
pp. 1-132) has given names to more than ninety of these forms.
Some undoubtedly are worthy of recognition, but many may be
reduced to subspecific rank, while others will find their way into the
synonymy of older species.
The forms represented in the Field Museum collection fall into
four main groups if separated on a basis of the amount of webbing
on the hind toes. It will be noted that the length of the hind limb
in relation to body length, as shown by the point reached by the
tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed limb, is of little diagnostic
service in this genus.
Hyperolius steindachnerii Bocage.
Hyperolius steindachnerii Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, 1, p. 75, 1866—Duque de
Braganca, Angola.
Rappia steindachneri Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 125, 1882.
2 (3618-9): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X XII
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches to between the eye and nostril in both. The young male
differs considerably from the adult female in coloration; his back
is uniformly pale gray, sharply distinct from the side by a broad,
dark lateral band; in the female the upper edge of the lateral coloring
is very irregular, projecting dark pigmented areas—which often
become isolated spots—on to the dorso-lateral region. Young male
measures 23 mm., female 29 mm.
Hyperolius ocellatus Giinther.
Hyperolius ocellatus Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 88, pl. vii, fig. B,
1858—Fernando Po and Angola.
Rappia ocellata Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 123, 1882.
2 (3614-5): Bitye, Cameroon (Bates).
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches to the eye or just beyond. These frogs compare well
with Cameroon specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology
except that they lack a canthal streak. Both are females, the larger
measuring 26 mm.
Hyperolius concolor (Hallowell).
Ixalus concolor Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2, p. 60, 1844—Liberia.
Rappia concolor Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 124, 1882.
1 (3621): Budu shore, Lake Victoria, Uganda.
Compared with a topotype (M.C.Z. 12021) from Du River,
Liberia.
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches the eye. Female, measuring 25 mm:
Hyperolius pleurotaenius (Boulenger).
Rappia pleurotaenia Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 17, p. 822, 1906
—Zima, Cameroon, and Benito River, French Congo.
1 (3618): Efulen, Cameroon (Bates).
1 (8620): Lambarene, French Congo.
These frogs were originally identified as puszllus by Boulenger
before he described plewrotaenius. H. pusillus, however, was de-
scribed from Umvoti, Natal, and after comparing these frogs with
adult pleurotaenius from Liberia and the Belgian Congo I am dis-
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 105
posed to think that they are young of that species. They have a
well marked, though narrow, canthal and lateral stripe.
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches the nostril, or between the eye and the nostril. Both
are young, the larger measuring 21 mm.
Hyperolius picturatus Peters.
Hyperolius picturatus Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 206, pl. ii,
fig. 2, 1875—Boutry, Ashanti, Gold Coast.
2 (8622-3): Budu shore, Lake Victoria, Uganda.
These frogs are specifically identical with a frog (M.C.Z. 3231)
from the same locality and source but received as Rappia quin-
quevittata Bocage. They appear to be identical with larger Kampala,
Uganda, frogs which I have referred to picturatus.
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches the eye. Both are females, the larger measuring 26 mm.
Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl.
Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 26, 1931—Lake
Kivu, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
11 (12097-1000, 12104-7, 12109-11): Bihunga Escarpment,
Uganda (Heller, 1925).
4 (12187-40): Sabinio Volcano, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches the eye or occasionally the nostril. There is considerable
color variation in the series, the dark lateral stripe being present
or absent; in general, however, they compare so well with the figure
(Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, Amphibia, 3, p. 280, fig. 151) as to leave
no doubts as to their identity. Ten males and five females and
young. Largest male measures 30 mm., largest female 31 mm.
Hyperolius multicolor Ahl.
Hyperolius multicolor Ahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 94, 1931—Karisimbi,
Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
5 (12095-6, 12101-3): Bihunga Escarpment, Uganda (Heller,
1925).
256 (12183-6, 12193-4): Lake Bunyoni, Uganda (Heller, 1925).
Compared with a cotype (M.C.Z. 17641) from Karisimbi.
106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches the eye or nostril. The majority of these are young
and present a lateral stripe which is absent in the adults. A male
measures 29 mm., female 32 mm.
Hyperolius graueri Ahl.
Hyperolius graueri Ahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 131, 1931—west of
Rusisi River and northwest of Lake Tanganyika, Belgian Congo.
9 (12909, 12949-55, 12983): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer,
1926).
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches the eye in all except No. 12953 where it reaches the
nostril. All are females, the largest measuring 34 mm.
Hyperolius argentovittis Ahl.
Hyperolius argentovittis Ahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 72, 1931—Ujiji,
Lake Tanganyika, Tanganyika Territory.
Hyperolius callichromus Ahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 99, 1931—west
of Rusisi River and northwest of Lake Tanganyika, Belgian Congo
(restricted).
10 (12912, 12941-8, 12973): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer,
1926).
Compared with cotypes (M.C.Z. 17630-1) from west of the
Rusisi River.
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches the eye or just beyond in males, eye or nostril in the
females. Two males and eight females. Larger male measures 33
mm., largest female 34 mm.
Hyperolius decoratus Ahl.
Hyperolius decoratus Ahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 78, 1931—Longa,
Cameroon (also Loanda, Angola).
1 (3616): Benguela, Angola (Ansorge).
Compared with a cotype (M.C.Z. 17632) from Loanda, Angola.
‘Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches the nostril. There is a very strong breast-fold. Female
measures 32 mm.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 107
Hyperolius punctulatus (Bocage).
Rappia punctulata Bocage, Herpét. Angola, Lisbon, p. 168, 1895—banks of
the Quanza River, Angola.
1 (8617): Dondo, Angola (Ansorge).
This frog was received by Field Museum identified as mar-
moratus. This species it certainly is not and, in the absence of com-
parative material, I refer it to pwnctulatus with great reservation,
having only the original description to guide me.
Whether the locality from whence it comes is identical with
Ndondo on the Quanza River I cannot say for certain, though it
seems likely. As it was purchased from Rosenberg it would seem
probable that its source was the same as a frog listed under mar-
moratus in the British Museum Catalogue (1882) as coming from
the Donda River. This may be a tributary of the Quanza.
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth toes; one phalanx free on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaches between the eye and the nostril. Color is ashy-gray
above; a faint brown line edged above with lighter can be traced
from the eye to behind the shoulder; a pair of brown spots, edged
with lighter either in front or behind, are present on either side of
the dorso-lateral region of the lower back. Male, measuring 26 mm.
Hyperolius striolatus Peters.
Hyperolius striolatus Peters, Sitzber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, p. 9, 1882
—tTaita, Kenya Colony.
Rappia ferniquei Mocquard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 8, p. 407, 1902—
Athi River, Kenya Colony.
Rappia marmorata Meek (not Rapp), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7,
p. 404, 1910—Athi Plains and Lukenya, Kenya Colony.
Rappia cinctiventris Meek (not Cope), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7,
p. 404, 1910—Athi Plains; Lukenya; Kijabe, Kenya Colony.
8 (2308, 2400-8, 2405-6): Athi Plains, Kenya Colony (Akeley,
1906).
6 (2409, 2420, 2423): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2481): Kijabe, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, fourth,
and fifth; webbing narrow on the outer side of the last phalanx of
the fourth, practically absent (i.e. an extremely narrow fringe of
web) on the inner side. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the
eye. All the series were not examined as many of them were in too
poor a state of preservation. Length of an adult female, 27 mm.
108 FreELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
Hyperolius undulatus (Boulenger).
Rappia undulaia Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Congo, (1), 2, fase. 1, p. 4, pl. ii,
fig. 2, 1901—Pweto and Lofoi, Belgian Congo.
Rappia symetrica Mocquard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 8, p. 408, 1902—
Athi River, Kenya Colony.
1 (2412): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
2 (12315-6): Kitete, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
6 (12317-21, 12324): Matameras, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer,
1926).
Both Kitete and Matameras are in the Mahenge District.
Compared with a cotype of wndulatus (M.C.Z. 15427) from Lofoi.
The Nairobi frog was identified as marmoratus by Meek, but
omitted from his paper on the Akeley collection. It is now in a very
macerated condition.
Webbed to the disk on one side of the first, second, third, and
fifth or sometimes half a phalanx free on the first; one phalanx free
on the fourth. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye (Nos.
12317, 12324) or end of the snout (12319, 12321) or between. None
has a definite gular disk but those that are apparently males (No.
12316) have the throat granular. The largest frog measures 17 mm.
Hyperolius simus Ahl.
Hyperolius simus Ahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 46, 1931—Usumbura,
Lake Tanganyika, Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
3 (12852, 12860, 12872): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
10 (12910, 12956-63, 12980): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zim-
mer, 1926).
This form is very near to rhodoscelis with Nyamkolo specimens
of which it has been compared; the series differ, however, in possess-
ing a more acuminate snout and sharper canthus.
Webbed to one side of the disk on the second, third, and fifth
toes only; one phalanx free on the first and fourth toes. The tibio-
tarsal articulation reaches to between the eye and snout in the male
and some females, barely to the eye in three of the females. The
male measures 28 mm., the largest female 36 mm.
Hyperolius cinnamome-ventris Bocage.
Hyperolius cinnamome-ventris Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, 1, p. 75, 1866—Duque
de Braganga, Angola.
Rappia cinnamomeiventris Bocage, Herpet. Angola, Lisbon, p. 172, pl. xix,
fig. 2, 1895.
6 (12934-9): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 109
Webbed to the disk on one side of the third and fifth toes; one
phalanx free on the first, second, and fourth. The tibio-tarsal articu-
lation reaches the posterior border of the eye. The fact that some
of these frogs are gravid females precludes the possibility of their
being specifically identical with the larger pictwratus which they
somewhat resemble. On the other hand their striking markings
still more closely resemble a frog (M.C.Z. 17252) from Kampala,
Uganda, which I refer to picturatus. Largest female measures 25 mm.
Hyperolius nasutus Giinther.
Hyperolius nasutus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 482, pl. xxxiii, fig. 3,
1864—Duque de Braganga, Angola.
Rappia nasuta Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 127, 1882.
Rappia granulata Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Congo, (1), 2, fase. 1, p. 4, pl. ii,
fig. 3, 1901—-Pweto, Lake Mweru, Belgian Congo.
1 (12326): Matameras, Tanganyika Territory (Zimmer, 1926).
1 (12869): Katobwe, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
3 (12931-8): Kabengere, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
Compared with a specimen (M.C.Z. 3230) from Ngola, Angola.
Ngola is just north of the type locality.
The terminal phalanx of every toe is free of webbing. The tibio-
tarsal articulation reaches the nostril in the males, the eye or a little
beyond, in the three females. The largest male measures 27 mm.,
the largest female 23 mm.
I have examined some of the frogs from Vankerckhovenville,
Belgian Congo, which were referred by Noble (1924, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 49, p. 259) to nasutus and find that in reality they
represent oxyrhynchus Boulenger, a species which was described from
Pweto and Lofoi, Belgian Congo.
Mocquardia obscura (Boulenger).
Cassina obscura Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 644, pl. xxxix, fig. 3,
1894—-Let Merafia, Shoa, Ethiopia.
Rothschildia kounihensis Mocquard, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 11, p. 288,
1905—Ouardji, valley of Kounhi, Ethiopia.
Rothschildia obscura Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 30, 1930.
Mocquardia obscura Ahl, Das Tierreich, Amphibia Anura, 3, p. 460, fig. 320,
1931.
1 (12514): Allata, Ethiopia (Osgood, 1926).
Though obscura has an osseus and Y-shaped omosternum and
this Allata frog has a cartilaginous, Y-shaped omosternum I prefer
to use the older name, believing that kownthensis isa synonym. The
110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII
above example of this rare frog also differs from the original descrip-
tion of obscura and agrees with kouwnthensis in that the snout is
slightly longer than the eye and the interorbital space is much
broader than an upper eyelid. However, Parker (1930), after a
re-examination of the type of obscura finds that it does not differ
from kownthensis in these characters.
It might be added that the Allata frog possesses a distinct (not
indistinct) metatarsal tubercle and that the tarso-metatarsal articu-
lation of the adpressed hind limb reaches to the shoulder (not orbit)
and the tibio-tarsal articulation only as far as the elbow. The hind
limb is longer than the distance from snout to anus, not equal to
it as is the case with abyssinica Parker. This female measures 37
mm., its hind limb from the anus 42 mm.
Rothschildia Mocquard (1905) being preoccupied by Rothschildia
Grote (1896), a New World genus of Heterocera, Mocquardia was
proposed in substitution by Ahl (1931).
Kassina senegalensis (Duméril and Bibron).
Cystignathus senegalensis Duméril and Bibron, Erpét. Gén., 8, p. 418, 1841—
Galam, Senegal.
Cassina senegalensis Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 181, 1882;
Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 404, 1910.
2 (2895, 2413): Nairobi, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (2404): Athi Plains, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
1 (12792): Mambawanga Hill, Belgian Congo (Zimmer, 1926).
The largest frog (Congo) measures 37 mm.
BREVICIPITIDAE
Breviceps adspersus Peters.
Breviceps adspersus Peters, Reise nach Mossamb., 3, p. 177, 1882—-Damara-
land and Transvaal; Hewitt, Ann. Natal Mus., 7, p. 109, pl. vi, fig. 1, 1932.
2 (16006—7): Kleinzee, Cape Province (Wecke, 1931).
Compared with one of Peters’ Damaraland cotypes (M.C.Z.
11619). Since these types were in existence, it was unfortunate
that Mr. J. H. Power omitted adspersus from his monograph of
South African members of the genus. Mr. Hewitt is undoubtedly
correct in referring his specimens from Quickborn near Okahandja
to adspersus, for his color description agrees with that of the cotype
and also No. 16006, which I assume to be a male. No. 16007 has all
pattern obscured and lacks the beard-like markings figured by Hewitt.
1936 AFRICAN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS—LOVERIDGE 111
In recent years two species of the genus have been described
from Port Nolloth (which is near to Kleinzee) but both of them—
macrops and namaquensis—are quite distinct from adspersus. In
the Kleinzee frogs the snout is included from nine to ten times in the
length from snout to anus. The male measures 36 mm., the female
52 mm.
Phrynomerus bifasciatus (Smith).
Brachymerus bifasciatus Smith, Illus. Zool. S. Africa, 3, pl. lxiii, 1849—‘‘Coun-
try to the east and northeast of Cape Colony.”
Phrynomantis bifasciata Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 172, 1882;
Meek, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 7, p. 404, 1910.
1 (2410): Lukenya, Kenya Colony (Akeley, 1906).
A young 31 mm. frog, as described by Meek.
Phrynomerus annectens (Werner).
Phrynomantis annectens Werner, in Schultze, Denkschr. Med. Naturw. Ges.
Jena, 16, p. 294, 1910—Aar River, Cape Colony.
Phrynomantis nasuta Methuen and Hewitt, Ann. Transvaal Mus., p. 54, pl.
xiv, fig. 2, 1911—Kraikluft, Great Karas Mountains, Great Namaqualand,
Cape Colony.
Hoplophryne marmorata Ahl, Zool. Anz. Leipzig, 107, p. 334, fig. 1, 1984—
Okahandja, southwest Africa.
2 (8643-4): Benguela, Angola (Ansorge).
These frogs agree well with Werner’s description and the excellent
figure of nasuta which must be regarded asasynonym. P. annectens
was for long confused with bifasciatus Smith. Length of male 30
mm., and female 33 mm. The attributing of one of these almost
deserticolous frogs to such a highly specialized rain-forest genus as
Hoplophryne shows an extraordinary lack of appreciation of the proba-
bilities of distribution.
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