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PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
By R. C. L. PERKINS.
FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
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FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
VOL. I. PART III.
HYMENOFTERA PARASITICA
W. 1 1. Ash MEAD
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The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter-
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Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz.
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The Lord Avebury, F.R.S.
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llymawpiera Parasitica,
lliysanio'a and Collciubola,
liar{Ji7V(yrnis,
J so pod Crnstacea,
lunniiicidae,
Dipfcra,
Uc))iipfc7Ui.
J lairolcpidopicra.
\Il\niiciioptera Acnieata, Orthopfcra,
\ Ncuroptcra, and p.irt of Colcopiora.
Myriapoda.
V:\x\ of Colcoptcra,
Parasitic JVornis ,
AracJniida,
A ui phi pod Crustacea.
Mollusca.
Microlcpidoptera.
It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution,
in the Islands.
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HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA
By W. H. ASHMEAD
FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
OR THE
ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES
Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee
appointed by
THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE
AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of
THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU.
EDITED BY
DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S.
SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE.
VOLUME 1. PART III.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA by W. H. ASHMEAD.
Pages 277 — 3^4 ; Plates VIII and IX ^ uncoloured.
CAMBRIDGE:
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1901
[All Rights reserved ]
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277
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA.
By William H. Ashmead.
§ 1. General considerations.
The Hawaiian Islands, on account of their volcanic origin and isolation from the
continents of Asia and America, have a most interesting, and, in some respects, peculiar
fauna which is well worth the closest study, although their early settlement, their close
commercial relationship with various nationalities and the introduction of many plants
and animals, not indigenous, render a study of the endemic species obscure and most
difificult.
This difficulty is enhanced among the smaller insects easily transportable, especially
among those of parasitic habits, and more particularly among species belonging to the
orders Diptera and Hymenoptera, groups still very imperfectly known in temperate
zones and almost totally neglected in tropical regions, but which have a wide
geographical distribution.
It becomes of the greatest importance, therefore, to see that larger and more
thorough zoological and botanical collections of the endemic species of these Islands
be made before further inroads of modern civilization utterly destroy the indigenous
species.
Our own government' and the authorities of the U. S. National Museum have
been singularly remiss in their duty in this respect, and have left the exploration of
these Islands, now a body politic of the United States, to others.
The present contribution to a knowledge of the parasitic Hymenoptera of these
Islands is based mainly upon the explorations instituted by the Joint Committee
appointed by various learned societies of England and assisted by the Trustees of the
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum at Honolulu, Oahu, and upon the rather limited
material in the U. S. National Museum, collected principally by Mr Albert Koebele
and Mr H. W. Henshaw.
The principal part of this material, comprising nearly looo specimens, was made
by Mr R. C L. Perkins during a residence of about five years in these Islands, and
was transmitted to me by Dr David Sharp, Secretary of the Joint Committee.
' That of the United States of North America. Ed,
A. F. H. I. 37
278 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Judging from these collections alone, the parasitic Hymenoptera of the Hawaiian
Islands would seem to be much less numerous in species than are the Aculeata, since
Messrs Perkins and Forel, in the first part of this work, enumerated, with the common
Apis mellifica, two hundred and one species of Aculeata, while in the present paper,
after a careful examination of nearly 1500 specimens included in the above-mentioned
collections, and with the published records, only one hundred and twenty-eight species
can be enumerated.
Although many of these species are apparently new and are here described for the
first time, it is nevertheless a poor showing when we consider the great abundance of
these insects everywhere, and remember that the parasitic Hymenoptera of the world,
in species, exceed very many times all of the Aculeata and other Hymenoptera
combined.
Bearing this fact in mind, the discrepancy between the known Aculeata and the
Parasitica of these Islands is, therefore, much too great, and the list of the parasitic
species given here can represent only a small percentage of the species occurring there ;
especially since many of the common parasitic families, which must surely occur, are
entirely unrepresented and we may naturally expect soon many additions to this list.
Classification of the Hymenoptera.
Of the ID superfamilies and the 94 families recognized by the writer in his recent
classification of the Hymenoptera\ five of the superfamilies and thirty of the families
have been found to have representatives in the Hawaiian Islands.
In Vol. I. part i. of this work, Messrs Perkins and Forel, under the general title
Hymenoptera Aculeata, treat of 16 of these families, under eight family names, while
the remaining families, 14 in number, will be treated here under the general title
Hymenoptera Parasitica, the sequence of these families being in accordance with the
proposed Classification,
It seems advisable, therefore, before discussing these parasitic families, to give first
a brief resume of the arrangement of all of these superfamilies and families found in the
Hawaiian Islands so that the arrangement of the families in this part, being so different
from that in the text of the first part, devoted to the Hymenoptera Aculeata, may be
better understood and made to harmonize.
Systematic arrangement of the Hawaiian Hymenoptera.
The superfamilies, families, subfamilies and genera now known from these Islands
may be arranged, in accordance with the Author s own views, as follows : —
^ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxni. 1900, pp. 191 — 205.
Superfamilies.
I. Apoidea.
II. Sphegoidea. <
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA
Families. Subfamilies. Genera.
(I. Apidae IL Apinae Apis Linne.
VIII. Xylocopidae I. Xylocopinae Xylocopa Latreille.
IX. Megachilidae II. Megachilinae Megachile Latreille.
l^XIV. Prosopidae Nesoprosopis Perkins.
XVL Crabronidae III. Crabroninae / Crabro Fabricius.
( Nesocrabro Perkins,
r Nesomimesa Perkins.
I Deinomimesa Perkins.
i Pison Spinola.
279
XVII. Pemphredonidae ...I. Pseninae .
Ill, Vespoidea.
XIX. Larridae IV. Pisoninae -j Pisonitus Shuckard
I (not recorded by Perkins).
XXI. Trypoxylidae Trypoxylon Latreille
(not recorded l)y Perkins).
XXV. Sphecidae III. Sceliphroninae Sceliphron King
(- Pelopaeus Latreille).
^XXVIII. Vespidae II. Polistinae Polistes Latreille.
XXIX. Eumenidae Odynerus Latreille.
( , Scleroderma Latreille.
L Bethylinae J Epyris Westwood.
XXXII. Bethylidae -< [ Sierola Cameron.
IlL Dryininae f Gonatopus Ljungh.
(^ Labeo Haliday,
IV. FORMICOIDEA.
V. Proctotry-
POIDEA.
XLIV. Poneridae.
XLV. Myrmicidae
rPonera Latreille.
1 Leptogenys Roger.
f^Solenopsis Westwood.
Tetramorium Mayr.
Pheidole Westwood.
Ischnomyrmex Mayr.
(Stenamma Westwood, part).
Cardiocondyla Emery.
XLVIII. Dolichoderidae Tapinoma Forster.
. fl. Camponotinae Camponotus Mayr.
In. Formicinae Prenolepis Emery.
■' LII. Proctotrypidae Proctotrypes Latreille.
! rZacranium Ashmead, n. g.
-^^j LIV. Diapriidae IL Diapriinae.. ' Platymischoides Ashmead, n. g.
j [ Phaenopria Ashmead.
' LVL Scelionidae IV. Scelioninae Anteris Forster.
VI. Cynipoidea. ...LVIII. Figitidae V. Eucoelinae.
( Pilinothrix Forster.
Trybliographa Forster.
Aglaotoma Forster.
j Diranchis Forster.
I Hypodiranchis Ashmead, n.
y Hexaplasta Forster.
37-
28o
FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Superfamiltes.
VII. Chalcidoidea.
Families.
LXII. Chalcididae II. Chalcidinae
LXVI. Miscogasteridae
LXVIII. Encyrtidae.
LXIX. Pteromalidae
LXXI. Eulophidae
LXXIII. Mymaridae II.
Subfamilies. Genera.
r Chalcis Fabricius.
\ Epitranus Walker.
J Toxeuma Walker.
\ Stictomischus Thomson.
f Neolelaps Ashmead, n. g.
I Mesolelaps Ashmead, n. g.
( Solindenia Cameron.
Eupelminus Dalla Torre.
Eupelmus Dalman.
Anastatus Motschulsky.
( Encyrtus Latreille.
j Bothriothorax Ratzeburg.
I Microterys Thomson.
V Adelencyrtus Ashmead.
Pteromalinae Pteromalus Swederus.
Sphegigasterinae. . .Tomocera Howard
(:== Moranila Cameron).
Spalangiinae ..Spalangia Latreille.
I Astichus Forster.
i Omphale Haliday.
Aphelininae Coccophagus Westwood.
Tetrastichinae Tetrastichus Haliday.
Elachistinae Ophelinus HaUday.
Hemiptarsenus Westwood.
Necremnus Thomson.
Sympiesis Forster.
V Eulophus Geoffroy.
Mymarinae Polynema HaHday.
III. Miscogasterinae
IV. Lelapinae.
I. Eupelminae
II. Encyrtinae
(II.
III.
IV.
L Entedoninae
11.
III.
IV.
V. Eulophinae
VIIL ICHNEUMO-
NOIDEA.
LXXIV. Evaniidae
LXXVI. Ichneumonidae -
.1. Evaniinae
II. Cryptinae
III. PimpHnae
IV. Tryphoninae
V. Ophioninae
LXXVII, Alysiidae II. Alysiinae
\
(
Evania Fabricius
Hemiteles Gravenhorst.
Lissonota Gravenhorst.
Echthromorpha Holmgren.
Pimpla Fabricius.
Metacoelus Forster.
Bassus Fallen.
Ophion Fabricius.
Pleuroneurophion Ashmead.
Athyreodon Ashmead.
Banchogastra Ashmead.
Pycnophion Ashmead.
Eremotylus Forster.
Enicospilus Curtis.
Atrometus Forster.
Idechthis Forster.
Lathrostizus Forster.
Limnerium Ashmead
(= Limneria Holmgren).
Aphaereta Forster.
Aspilota Forster.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA
2»I
Superfamilies.
VIII. ICHNEUMO-
NOIDEA
{continued).
Families.
LXXVIII. Braconidae.
Subfamilies. Genera.
IX. Cheloninae Chelonus Jurine.
X. Agathidinae Microdus Nees.
XII. Microgasterinae...Protapanteles Ashmead.
XVI. Rhogadinae Ischiogonus Wesmael.
XVII. Spathiinae Ecphylopsis Ashmead.
Distribution.
In this work 14 families of parasitic Hymenoptera are recognized in the Hawaiian
fauna, not a single one of which is peculiar to the archipelago, but, on the contrary^
all have a wide geographical range, or at least have some representatives in all parts
of the world.
These 14 families are represented by 128 species, distributed in 69 genera. Of
these genera only 1 1 are, apparently, endemic or peculiar to the Islands, viz,,
Zacranium, Platymischodes, Hypodiranchis, Neolelaps, Mesolelaps, Solindenia, Pleuro-
neurophion, Athyreodon, Banchogastra, Pycnophion and Ecphylopsis,
Most of the other genera, except OphelinMs Haliday and Echthroi7io7pha Holm-
gren, are represented in nearly all the known faunae, North and South America,
Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, the two mentioned being more particularly confined
to the Australian and Asiatic faunae.
Of the eleven genera mentioned as being apparently peculiar to the Islands, ten
are here described for the first time, and there is but little doubt in my own mind that
most of these will be found to have representatives in the Australasian fauna, from
whence it is evident, taking all things into consideration, that the Hawaiian fauna
was originally derived.
Of the one hundred and twenty-eight species of parasitic Hymenoptera enu-
merated, eighty-seven are supposed to be new and are here described for the first time,
so that, for the present, nothing can be said of their distribution.
The known species, however, may be arranged into three categories, as follows :-
• (i) Of Asiatic or Australasian origin (5 species).
Chalcis obscurata Walk., Tomocera calif orftica How., (= Moranila (estaceiceps Cam. - M, tesiaceipes
D. T.), Evania appendigaster Linne and E^ sericea Cam.
(2) Of North American origin (7 species).
Encyrtus fuscus How., Coccophagus kca?iii Fitch, C, ochraceus How., Hemiteles melitaeae Ashm.,
H, tenellus Say, H, variegatus Ashm., and ApHaereta miiscae Ashm.
(3) Of European origin (5 species).
Spalangia hirta Hal., Tetras fichus hagenowi Ratzeb., Lissonota bellator Grav., Metacoelus femoralis
Fourc, and Bassus laetatorius Fabr.
282 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Of the above species, Evania appendigaster Linn^ parasitic on the oothecae of
cockroaches, its hyperparasite, Tetrastichus hagenowi Ratz., Metacoelus femoralis,
parasitic on Lepidopterous larvae, and Bassus laetatorius^ parasitic on Dipterous larvae,
are now cosmopolitan species.
Bibliographic.
The literature relating to the parasitic Hymenoptera of the Hawaiian Islands is
not extensive, the following being all that I have been able to find : —
T. Cameron, P. Notes on Hymenoptera, with Descriptions of New Species. (Trans. Ent. Soc.
London, 1881, pp. 555—562.)
Describes: Sierola (n, g.) tesiaceipes, Chelomis carinaiiis^ Monolexis? paUiatus^ Chalets
Polynesians.
2. . Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Hymenoptera, (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883,
pp. 187—193.)
Describes : Epitranus lacteipennis^ Moranila testaceiceps, Solindenia (n. g.) picticorms,
Eupelmus flavipes^ Evania sericea^ Ltmneria polynesialis^ L. Blackburniy Ophion lineatus
and O. nigricans,
3. Blackburn, Rev. T. and Cameron, P, On the Hymenoptera of the Hawaiian Islands. (Mem. and
Proc. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc. (3), x. 1885 — 86, pp. 194 — 245.)
4. Holmgren, A. E. Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring Jorden under befal of
C. A. Virgin. Aren, 1851 — 1853. Zoologi L Insecta. Stockholm, 1858 — 1868.
Describes Echthromorpha (n. g.) maculipennis ,
§ 2. Systematic account of the Hymenoptera Parasitica.
Superfamily III. VESPOIDEA.
Family XXXII. BETHYLIDAE.
This family, which is composed of purely parasitic species, is quite extensive
and has representatives in all parts of the world. It was first correctly placed by
A. H. Haliday, as early as 1839, among the so-called fossorial wasps, but was sub-
sequently removed and treated by Prof. John O. Westwood as a subfamily in the family
Proctotrypidae.
Following the views of Prof Westwood, it was so treated by Forster, Thomson
and most of the subsequent writers on these insects and by the author in his Mono-
graph of the North American Proctotrypidae, published in 1893. Since that time,
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 283
however, extensive studies in all families of the Hymenoptera have caused a radical
change in my views, as to the classification of these insects, and I am now convinced
that Haliday was right, that they have nothing in common with the Proctotrypidae,
that they are far removed from the genuine Proctotrypids, and that they are more
nearly allied to the genuine fossores. This position is also supported by the obser-
vations of Mr A. Busck, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, who finds that at
least some of them sting the larvae of their hosts into insensibility before oviposition,
as the larger Aculeata do.
The family is divided into three subfamilies, and two of these are represented
in the Hawaiian fauna by five genera, and one of these, namely, Siei^ola Cameron,
was supposed to be endemic, but species have been recently described from New
Zealand ^
Subfamily I. BETHYLINAE,
Scleroderma Latreille.
1 8 10. Scleroderma Latreille, Consid. Genen, p. 314.
Males 5-
Females.
Species brownish-yellow or castaneous, the abdomen, however, sometimes black 3.
Species black or piceous black 2.
2. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax united, the sutures of the dorsal
segments not flavo-testaceous, although faintly testaceous in some speci-
mens; legs mostly black or piceous brown-black, the incision of the joints
and the tarsi flavo-testaceous; flagellum most frequently brownish-yellow,
the scape brown, the pedicel yellow; head oblong quadrate, not narrowed
behind, about one and a half times as long as wide ; length r8 to 3 mm.
(/) S. perkinsi.
Abdomen much longer than the thorax, the structures of the dorsal segments,
or at least i to 4 or 5 flavo-testaceous; antennae brownish-yellow; length
3 to 3-5 mm • {2) S. polynesiaie.
3. Abdomen black 4-
Abdomen not black.
Castaneous, the head and scutellum black or brown-black; scape, pedicel
and legs yellowish, the femora and tibiae with a rufous tinge ; abdomen
elongate, much longer than the head and thorax united, the apices of
segments i to 5, and the terminal segment, flavo-testaceous; length 2 to
2-8 mm O) -^- ^''^^^'^
Uniformly pale castaneous ; scape, pedicel and legs yellowish, the flagellum
light brown ; abdomen elongate, twice longer than the thorax, the apices
of segments yellow; length 3 mm {4) ^- lanaiense.
' Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1900, p. 328.
284 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
4. Castaneous, the abdomen black, longer than the head and thorax united ;
dorsal abdominal segments 3 to 5 at apex yellowish ; antennae, incision of
the joints of the legs, the anterior tibiae, the hind tibiae at apex, and all the
tarsi, yellowish ; length i '8 mm (j) •5'. nigriventre.
Pale castaneous, the abdomen ovate, shorter than the head and thorax united,
piceous black, the dorsal segments 2 to 5 at apex and the apical ventral
segments yellowish ; scape and pedicel yellow, the flagellum light brown ;
legs light brown, the coxae at apex, the trochanters, the incisions of the
joints and the tarsi, pale yellowish ; length i *6 mm {6) S. breviventre.
5, Piceous black, the abdomen brown-black, the claspers brownish-yellow ;
antennae brown; wings dusky or obscure hyaHne {i) S, perkinsi.
(i) Scleroderma Perkinsi, sp. no v.
?. Length i *8 to 3 mm. Piceous black, the thorax under a strong lens exhibiting
a feeble reticulate sculpture. Head oblong quadrate, about one and a half times as
long as wide. Antennae short, not longer than the head, the tubercles and pedicel
yellow, the flagellum brownish-yellow, the joints wider than long, the scape dark
brown or castaneous. Legs black or piceous brown-black, the incisions of the joints
and the tarsi yellowish. Mesonotum as long as the metathorax, slightly rounded and
narrowed anteriorly, the pronotum hardly visible from above, the scutellum semicircular,
a little longer than half the length of the mesonotum. Abdomen elongate, in most
specimens black, and distinctly longer than the head and thorax united, the sutures
of the dorsal segments not flavo-testaceous, although in some specimens the antennal
sutures as well as the dorsal segments are faintly testaceous.
^. Length 1*5 mm. Piceous black, the middle coxae rufous, the abdomen brown-
black, the claspers yellowish ; antennae filiform, sparsely pubescent, the joints of the
flagellum a little longer than wide ; wing subhyaline, ciliate.
Hab. Hawaii: Kona (3000 to 4000 feet). — Lanai : Koholuamano (2000 to 4000
feet) in April, 1894, 1895.
(2) Scleroderma polynesiale Saunders.
1881. Scleroderma polynesialis Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 116, $.
1898. Scleroderma polynesiale Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., v. p. 560, %,
*' Long. Corp. 3 J mm. Sclerodermae piceae Westw., affinis sed gracilior, antennis
tarsisque brevioribus; picea, unicolor, punctulatissima, abdomine valde elongato, thoracis
latitudine fere coaequali, segmentorum basalium quatuor margine postico luteo-flavo.
Ocelli alaeque obsoleti." (Saunders.)
Hab. Hawaii : Haleakala (4000 feet).
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 285
(3) Scleroderma kaalae, sp. no v.
$. Length 2 to 2-8 mm. Castaneous, the head and scutellum black or brown-
black ; scape, pedicel, legs and first abdominal segment beneath yellowish, the femora
and sometimes the tibiae with a decided rufous tinge. The head and the thorax appear
smooth but under a strong lens exhibit a fine delicate reticulate sculpture. The head is
less than one and a half times as long as wide, with a brownish tinge beneath. The
mesonotum is long, about twice as long as the scutellum, slightly narrowed and rounded
before. The metathorax is widened posteriorly, being at least one-half wider at apex
than at base, the sides and apex abrupdy truncate. The abdomen is elongate, sub-
cylindrical, twice longer than the thorax, smooth and shining, with the apices of the
segments i to 5 and the terminal segments flavo-testaceous.
Hab. Oahu: Kaala Mts. (3000 feet), in December, 1892. One $ specimen.
(4) Scleroderma lanaiense, sp. nov.
$. Length 3 mm. Elongate, pale castaneous ; scape, pedicel and legs yellowish,
the flagellum light brown ; apices of the abdominal segments more or less yellow. The
head is less elongate than usual, being nearly quadrate or only a little longer than wide.
The scape of the antennae is longer than half the length of the flagellum and slightly
curved, the pedicel being a little longer than wide, while the joints of the flagellum,
except the last, are transverse, the basal joints smaller, the last joint oblong, a little
longer than the pedicel.
Hab. Lanai (3000 feet). One % taken in January, 1894.
(5) Scleroderma nig^nventre, sp. nov.
$. Length i'8 mm. Head, thorax and first segment of abdomen beneath castane-
ous ; abdomen black, longer than the head and thorax united, with the apices of dorsal
segments 3 to 5 narrowly yellowish ; legs reddish-brown, the incisions of the joints,
the anterior tibiae, the tips of the middle and the hind tibiae, and all tarsi, yellow.
Antennae yellow (broken off at tips), the first three or four joints of the flagellum
minute, wider than long. The head is oblong, about one and a half times as long as
wide, the eyes oval, black. The mesonotum is fully twice as long as the scutellum,
while the metathorax is only a little longer than wide and only slightly wider at apex
than at base.
One % specimen taken in January, 1894. Allied to S. lanaiense, but smaller,
differently coloured and readily separated by the shape of the head and the metathorax.
Hab. Lanai (2000 feet).
A. F. H. I. 38
286 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(6) Scleroderma h^-eviventre, sp. nov.
%. Length r6 mm. Head, thorax and first abdominal segment pale castaneous ;
abdomen piceous black, the apices of dorsal segments and the apical ventral segments
yellowish; scape, pedicel, trochanters, and tarsi, yellowish, the flagellum and rest of legs
brown.
The head is oblong as in 5. nigiHventre, but the abdomen is much shorter, being
distinctly shorter than the oblong head and the thorax united, and thus differing from
all the other species described here. The joints of the flagellum, except the last, are all
short, transverse, the first two or three being the smallest and narrowest joints ; the last
joint is oblong and as long as the penultimate and antepenultimate joints united.
Hab. Lanai (2000 feet). One ? taken in January, 1894.
Epyris Westwood.
1832. Epyris We^stwood, Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Soc. (3), i. p. 129.
(i) Epyris hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length 3*5 mm. Black ; the antennae, except the last 6 or 7 joints which are
dusky, the mandibles, the tegulae, and the legs, ferruginous, the coxae basally and the
hind coxae posteriorly, black ; dorsal abdominal segments i and 2 testaceous ; wings
hyaline with a dusky discoidal blotch toward apex.
The head is a little longer than wide, very finely, closely punctate. The thorax
above is feebly coriaceous, the pronotum being long trapezoidal, longer than wide at
base ; the mesonotum is fully three times as wide as long, with a grooved line on each
side near the tegulae ; the scutellum has a grooved furrow across the base ; while the
metathorax is about twice as long as wide, rather abruptly, but somewhat obliquely,
truncated at apex, the dorsum with several elevated longitudinal lines. The abdomen
is long ovate, shining black, about as long as the head and thorax united.
Described from a single specimen, without number, and it is, therefore, impossible
to tell upon which Island it was captured.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands. (Locality and date of capture not stated.)
SiEROLA Cameron.
1881. Sierola Cameron, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 556.
This genus was originally characterized from specimens from the Hawaiian Islands
and is apparently endemic, although the genus also occurs in New Zealand. It is
evidently the prototype from which sprang the genus Gonioztcs, common to Europe and
North America.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 287
The genus is unknown in the European and American faunae, although I described
a species, Sierola ambigua, doubtfully as such some years ago. This species, however,
as I suspected at the time, has no relation with these insects or with the genuine Proc-
totrypids, but forms the type of a new genus, which I have called Sierolomorpha^ in the
family Cosilidae,
Mr Cameron characterized three species in this genus, which are here increased to
eight species through the efforts of Mr Perkins, who suspects that they are parasitic
upon species belonging to the Coleopterous family Cioidae. Mr Froggatt, however,
has bred Sierola antipoda Ashmead, in New Zealand, from Cecidornyia frauenfeldi, a
Dipterous insect, and if this record is correct it is more likely that the Hawaiian species
will have similar habits, and probably attack Dipterous larvae associated with the
Cioidae in the fungi. All other Bethylids, however, whose parasitism is known, attack
only Coleopterous and Lepidopterous larvae, and Mr Froggatt's record should be
confirmed by others before it is accepted as final.
Males 7-
Females.
Species, or at least more or less of the thorax, yellow or flavo-testaceous, the
abdomen sometimes black 5-
Species black, the thorax always entirely black 2.
2. Legs yellowish, testaceous, or at most with only the anterior coxae and femora
black or fuscous 4-
Legs, or at least all the coxae and femora, black or dark rufo-piceous 3.
3. Scape blackish, the pedicel and joints i and 2 of the flagellum flavo-testaceous;
legs black, the anterior tibiae and all tarsi yellowish, the middle and hind
tibiae dark fuscous or fuscous medially; flagellar joints i to 1 1 a little
longer than thick (j) S, molokaiensis.
Scape, pedicel and three or four joints of the flagellum flavo-testaceous ; tro-
chanters, knees, the anterior and middle tibiae usually, tips of hind tibiae and
all tarsi yellowish ; sometimes with all tibiae yellowish ; flagellar joints
submonihform, 3 to 5 wider than long, the following not, or scarcely,
wider than long (^) ^- lettconeura.
Scape at base and apex, the pedicel and joints i to 3 of flagellum usually
flavo-testaceous, or at least yellowish beneath ; trochanters, all tibiae, except
sometimes the hind pair medially, and all tarsi, yellowish.
Joints of flagellum not moniliform, distinctly longer than thick {2) S. monticola.
Joints of flagellum 5 to 12 moniliform, or submoniliform, not, or scarcely,
longer than thick (^) ^' kuconetira,
4. Anterior coxae and femora more or less black or fuscous, rest of legs
testaceous or yellowish.
Clypeus with a highly elevated median carina; antennae, except the
last 5 or 6 joints, brownish-yellow, rarely wholly yellowish ; flagellar
joints about twice as long as thick or somewhat shorter, the first being
slightly the shortest joint (j) ^- molokaiensis,
38—2
288 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Legs, including coxae, flavo-testaceous.
Antennae with the first three or four joints (or more) yellow, joints 8 to
12 submoniliform, only a little longer than thick.
Clypeus produced anteriorly into a broad rounded ledge ; mandibles
rufous with black teeth J^4) S. oahuensis.
Clypeus normal, obtusely triangular anteriorly, but not produced into a
projecting ledge is) ^' testaceipes,
5. Mostly flavo-testaceous, the abdomen never black 6.
Mostly black, the abdomen always black.
Pronotum alone yellow, rest of thorax black ; legs yellow ; head very
distinctly longer than wide ; flagellum tapering off toward apex, the joints
all longer than thick (6) S. flavocoUis.
Prothorax, mesonotum and scutellum yellow (rarely with the scutellum
black), the head and rest of the thorax black ; all legs yellow, the anterior
and middle legs sometimes yellowish-white; head not longer than wide
across the eyes ; antennae yellow, slightly obfuscated toward apex, the
flagellar joints a little longer than thick (7) vS. collans.
6. Ocelli, the eyes and the metathorax black; all legs yellowish- white ; head large,
very slightly longer than wide across the eyes ; antennae yellow, the flagellar
joints moniliform, the intermediate joints not longer than wide {8) S. kauaiensis.
7. Species, or at least more or less of the thorax, yellow 10.
Species, or at least the thorax, always black.
Legs testaceous or yellowish, at the most with only the anterior coxae and
femora black or fuscous 9.
Legs, or at least all the coxae and femora, black, or the anterior femur
and coxae beneath and toward apex reddish 8.
8. Coxae and femora black, the trochanters tibiae and tarsi yellowish ; barely three
joints of antennae yellowish, the joints beyond to the last moniliform, not or
scarcely longer than thick {/) S. leuconeura.
Anterior coxae and femora beneath and toward apex, the trochanters, tibiae and
tarsi testaceous ; basal two joints beneath reddish-yellow, the joints beyond
all distinctly longer than thick {2) S. monticola.
9. Clypeus produced into a ledge anteriorly.
Antennae yellow, with the 4 or 5 terminal joints more or less dusky, all
flagellar joints distinctly longer than wide, the first three about twice
as long as wide {4) ^' oahuensis.
Clypeus normal, not produced into a ledge anteriorly.
Antennae yellow, faintly dusky toward apex, the flagellar joints 5 to 10
submoniliform, not longer than thick kS) ^* testaceipes.
10. Abdomen black.
Prothorax alone yellow (^) •^* flavocollaris.
Prothorax, mesonotum and scutellum yellow (7) *^* collaris.
Abdomen never black.
Body, except the metathorax, the ocelU and the eyes, wholly flavo-
testaceous {^) ^' kauaiensis.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 289
(i) Sierola leuconeui^a Cameron.
1886. Sierola leuconeura Cameron, P. Manchester Soc. xxv. p. 177. — 1886.
Cameron, Mem. Manchester Soc. (3), x. p. 238.— 1898. Dalla Torre, Cat.
Hym. V. p. 554.
?. Length 2 mm. '' Black; the knees, tibiae and basal half of antennae testaceous :
the hind tibiae fuscous in the middle ; antennae scarcely so long as the thorax, the
basal joint shordy pedunculated, double as long as wide, double the length and
thickness of the second, which is thinner and shorter than the third, the third to sixth
thicker than the following, broader than long, the apical two joints subequal. Head
and thorax smooth, faintly alutaceous. Abdomen shining, longer than the thorax.
Wings semifuscous, nervures lacteous." (Cameron.)
t' Length r8 mm. Black ; basal three joints of the antennae, trochanters, tibiae
and tarsi, except last joint, yellowish ; funicle joints moniliform, scarcely longer than
thick ; otherwise as in female.
Hab. Hawaii: Kona (3000 feet) July 5, (4000 feet) July, October; Kilauea, in
August.*"Kauai : Mts. Waimea, in July. — Lanai : Makaweli (2000 feet), in June,
(3000 feet) January. — Maui : Haleakala (5000 feet), in March. — Molokai : Mts. (4000
feet), in October and November. — Oahu : Kaala Mts. (2500 — 3000 feet), in December.
(2) Sierola monticola Cameron.
1886. Sierola monticola Cameron, P. Manchester Soc. xxv. p. 176, — 1886.
Cameron, Mem. Manchester Soc. (3), x. p. 237.^ — 1898. Dalla Torre, Cat.
Hym. V. p. 555.
%, Length 4mm. ''Black; anterior tibiae and tarsi testaceous, the tips of the
latter black ; the base and apex of hind tibiae fusco-testaceous, the tarsi fuscous, paler
in the middle ; the extreme base and apex of basal joint of antennae and the second to
fourth joint testaceous. Antennae scarcely so long as the thorax ; the basal joint
pear-shaped, narrowest at the base, a little longer than the third and fourth united ;
second joint a little longer than third, and of the same thickness ; second to fourth
longer and thicker than the other joints ; the apical seven more moniliform than the
others, and a little longer than broad ; the last longer and thinner than the penultimate.
Head smooth and slightly alutaceous ; mandibles piceous at tip, faintly striated ; thorax
smooth, a little alutaceous. The abdominal segments laterally at their junction
narrowly milk-white. Wings hyaline, stigma aud prostigma fuscous ; nervures
testaceous." (Cameron.)
3". Length 2 mm. Black, basal two joints of antennae beneath, front coxae and
femora beneath and toward apex, and tibiae and tarsi except last joint, testaceous ;
290 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
funicle joints of antennae all distinctly longer than thick, but shortening towards apex ;
otherwise as in female.
Hab. Hawaii : Hualalai (5000 feet), in August ; Kilauea ; Kona (4000 — 5000
feet) June, (2000 feet) September. — Lanai : Halepaakai, in July. — Maui: Haleakala
(5000 feet), in August. — Molokai : Kalae, in August.
(3) Sierola molokaiensis, sp. no v.
(Plate VIII. fig. I.)
$. Length 2 to 3*5 mm. Black, the head and thorax finely coriaceous but more
or less shining ; mandibles black or brown-black ; abdomen smooth, impunctate, highly
polished ; antennae, except the four or five terminal joints, and the legs, except the
front coxae and more or less of the front femora or at least above, testaceous or
brownish-yellow ; front coxae and front femora black or dark brown in part, the latter
sometimes brownish only above or outwardly ; wings hyaline, the parastigma and the
stigma brown or fuscous, the other veins pallid or pale yellowish.
The head is distinctly longer than wide, with an acute ridge anteriorly between the
insertion of the antennae, and clothed with a short, sparse pubescence. The antennae
are much longer than the head, all the joints of the flagellum being distinctly longer
-than thick or from i^ to 2 times as long as thick.
^. Length about 2 mm. Black ; two or three basal joints of the antennae and
the legs, flavo-testaceous, the rest of the antennae being dark fuscous or black. The
anterior femora above or outwardly and sometimes the front coxae, more or less, are
brown or fuscous. The joints of the antennae 5 to 6 are oval and very little longer
than thick, joints 11 and 12 being moniliform, while the abdomen is oblong-oval, not
longer than the thorax.
Hab. Hawaii: Kilauea, July, August; Kona (2000 feet), September. — Lanai
(2000 feet), January. — Maui: Haleakala (5000 feet), in October. — Molokai: Kalae, in
August (4000 feet), in May. — Oahu : Honolulu, in November ; Waianae Mts. (3000
feet), in February.
(4) Sierola oahuensis, sp. nov.
?, Length 2 to 2*3 mm. Black, the head and thorax microscopically coriaceous;
mandibles rufous with black teeth ; first three or four joints of the antennae yellowish,
those beyond fuscous ; legs testaceous, the upper ridge of the anterior femora sometimes
with a brownish spot, the tarsi sometimes yellowish ; tegulae dark rufo-piceous ; wings
hyaline, the veins, except the stigma and parastigma, pellucid.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 291
The head is large, longer than wide, the clypeus being produced into a broad plate
or ledge, rounded anteriorly and covering the mandibles. The joints of the flagellum
3 to 10 are moniliform and scarcely longer than thick.
^. Length rg mm. Agrees very closely with the female, except that the apex
of the abdomen gapes open and exposes the genitalia, the produced clypeus is a little
narrower and subtruncate anteriorly, not rounded, while the joints of the flagellum are
longer, not moniliform, the joints all being distinctly longer than thick.
Hab. Hawaii: Kilauea, in July and August. — Oahu : Waianae Mts. (2000 feet),
in March.
(5) Sierola testaceipes Cameron.
1 88 1. Sierola testaceipes Cameron, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, p. 556, $. —
1898. Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. v. p. 555.
** $. Length i^ lines. Black; head and mesonotum faintly alutaceous ; abdomen
smooth, shining ; three basal joints of antennae and legs testaceous ; abdominal
segments at their junction dull testaceous. Wings deeply fringed, shorter than the
thorax and abdomen, hyaline ; stigma and parastigma fuscous ; other nervures pale.
Head and thorax covered with a scattered pubescence.'' (Cameron.)
^. Length r8 mm. Black, the head and thorax feebly coriaceous; antennae,
except the 5 or 6 terminal joints, and the legs, including the coxae, yellow. The
head is not longer than wide, a little the widest across the eyes. The antennae are
more than twice the length of the head, with joints 7 to 12 moniliform. Abdomen
oblong oval, hardly as long as the thorax or no longer.
Hab. Sandwich Islands (Rev. Thomas Blackburn); Hawaii: Kilauea, in July
and August; Kona (2000 — 3000 feet), in September; Olaa, in September.— Kauai :
Halemanu (4000 feet), in April; Koholuamano, in March, high plateau in August and
October; Mts. Waimea (4000 feet), in June.— Lanai : Halepaakai, in July (2000—
3000 feet), in January and February.— Maui : Lahaina (2000 feet), in January.—
Molokai in June.- Oahu : Kaala Mts. (3000 feet), in December; Mts. near Honolulu
(2000—3000 feet) ; Waianae Mts. (2000—3000 feet), in February and April.
(6) Sierola flavocollaris, sp. nov.
?. Length about 3 mm. Head, thorax, except the pronotum, and the abdomen
black; pronotum, base of antennae and the legs, including coxae, flavo-testaceous ;
terminal joints of antennae fuscous ; wings hyaline or only faindy tinged, the parastigma
and the stigma brown, the veins pallid or pale yellowish. Head and thorax finely
coriaceous, the head anteriorly subopaque. Abdomen hardly as long as the head and
292 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
thorax united, polished, impunctate. The head is large, very distinctly longer than
wide, with a median carina between the insertion of the antennae, while the antennae
are a little longer than the head, all the flagellar joints being a little longer than thick,
the joints 8 to 12 oval, submoniliform.
Described from 5 specimens. The species is allied to 5. collaris, but it is larger,
with a larger and quite differently shaped head.
Hab. Kauai : (high plateau), in August ; Makaweli (2000 feet), in January.
— Maui : Haleakala (4000 feet).
(7) Sierola collaris, sp. nov.
?. Length 2 to 2*2 mm. Black, with the mandibles, the five or six basal joints
of the antennae, the prothorax, except sometimes a dusky spot on the prosternum
anteriorly, the mesonotum and usually (but not always) the scutellum, yellow ; the
palpi, the tegulae, and the legs, yellowish-white ; mesopleura sometimes with a pale
spot anteriorly beneath the tegulae; wings hyaline, the stigma and parastigma brown,
the internal veins pallid. The head and thorax are feebly, microscopically sculptured,
clothed with a sparse, short, whitish pubescence. The head is scarcely longer than
wide across the eyes, the clypeus anteriorly obtusely triangular, with a delicate median
carina. Antennae normal, the 7 or 8 terminal joints obfuscated or pale brownish,
joints 5 to 12 submoniliform, scarcely longer than thick, the last ovate, a little longer
than the preceding. Metathorax finely rugulose. Abdomen pointed ovate, about the
length of the thorax, highly polished and impunctate.
Hab. Kauai : (high plateau), in August ; Halemanu (4000 feet), in May ; Koho-
luamano, in June.
(8) Sierola kauaiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length 2 to 2*5 mm. Honey-yellow; stemmaticum, eyes and metathorax
black ; legs yellowish -white. The head is large, a little longer than the width across
the eyes; the antennal joints 7 to 12 are moniliform, not longer than thick; the wings
hyaline, the veins pallid, the stigma and parastigma tinged with brown ; while the
abdomen is ovate, highly shining, and a little shorter than the thorax.
Described from 3 specimens.
Hab. Kauai : Kaholuamano, in April.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 293
Subfamily III. DRYININAE.
GoNATOPus Ljungh.
1 8 10. GonatopMS Ljungh, Beitr. z. naturk. 11. p. 161.
Dark reddish-brown; head anteriorly and beneath, the antennae, and the legs,
except the anterior femora, yellow (7") 6^. perkinsL
Rufo-testaceous, the thorax beneath blackish, otherwise similar to Perkinsi...(2) G^ hakakalae.
(i) Gonatopiis perkinsi, sp. nov.
(Plate VI I L fig. 2, %.)
$. Length 3 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen dark reddish-brown, tinged with
black, especially the thorax beneath, the head in front and behind yellowish, with
usually a black spot on the vertex, enclosing the ocelli ; the antennae, the mandibles,
the palpi and the legs, except the swollen anterior femora, which are rufo-piceous, are
yellow. The head and the anterior lobe of the thorax are coriaceous, the posterior
lobe of the thorax being strongly transversely striated. Abdomen oval, not longer
than the posterior lobe of the thorax, but broader, smooth and polished, the petiole
black, some of the segments tinged with blackish, while the hypopygium is yellow.
The antennae are slightly thickened toward apex and extend a little beyond the base
of the posterior thoracic lobe, with the third joint the longest, about as long as joints
4 — 5 united.
Described from 3 specimens.
Hab. Hawaii: Kilauea, in July. — Molokai, in June.
(2) Gonatoptis haleakalae, sp. nov.
?. Length 3 mm. Reddish ; the vertex of the head is dusky, the lobes of the
thorax beneath and the petiole of the abdomen are blackish, while the antennae and
the legs are wholly yellow. The sculpture of the species is almost exactly as in
Urkinsi, except that the anterior thoracic lobe is smooth and highly polished.
Described from one specimen. Very close to perkinsi and possibly only a variety
of it.
Hab. Maui : Haleakala.
Labeo Haliday,
1833. Labeo Haliday, Ent. Mag., i. p. 273.
a. f. h. l 39
294 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(i) Labeo hawaiiensisy sp. nov.
^. Length i '9 mm. Black ; clypeus anteriorly and the mandibles pale yellowish ;
ocelli red, arranged on a slight curved line ; antennae about as long as the body, filiform,
light brown, pubescent, the joints of the flagellum subequal, the first not longer than
the scape and pedicel united, the last joint a little longer than the penultimate ; legs
brownish-yellow, the hind coxae and the middle and hind femora more or less
obfuscated.
Head in front subconvex, highly polished, impunctate, behind strongly concave,
the eyes rounded pubescent. Thorax narrowed anteriorly, the mesonotum minutely,
feebly punctate, with distinct parapsidal furrows which converge toward the base of
the scutellum ; metathorax longer than wide, finely rugulose. Wings hyaline, pubescent,
the tegulae and the stigma light brown, the veins more yellowish. Abdomen rather
small, depressed, in outline oblong-oval, shorter than the thorax, polished black, the
first segment foveate above.
Described from a single specimen.
Hab. Molokai Mts. (4500 feet), in August.
Superfamily V. PROCTOTRYPOIDEA.
Family LII. PROCTOTRYPIDAE.
Proctotrypes Latreille.
1796. Pi'octotrypes Latreille, Prec. car. gen. Ins., p. 108.
(i) Proctotrypes hawaiiensis^ sp. nov.
$. Length 2*9 to 3*5 mm. Polished black, the two or three terminal abdominal
segments more or less at sides and beneath, and the aculeus at apex, reddish ; antennae
brown, becoming blackish toward apex, the ring-joint and the first joint of the flagellum
more or less yellowish ; legs, except coxae which are black, ferruginous.
The head is transverse, about three times as wide as thick antero-posteriorly, with
the ocelli pale and arranged in a triangle. The pronotum at the sides is lineated,
with the lateral anterior angles acute. The mesonotum and the scutellum are smooth
impunctate ; while the metathorax at the sides and posteriorly is rugulose, with two
oblong areas on the metanotum as in P, abruptus Say. Wings hyaline, the internal
veins entirely obliterated, the stigma brown, the costal and subcostal veins very pale
or yellowish, the tegulae testaceous.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 295
Many specimens. The species is allied to P. abruptus Say and will come next
to it in a table of our species.
Hab. Hawaii: Kona (2000 — 3000 feet), June & July (3500 feet), in July (4000
feet), in August; Olaa, June. — Maui: Haleakala (4500 feet), in March (8000 feet),
in April.
Family LIV. DIAPRIIDAE.
This family is represented by three distinct genera, two of which are new.
Subfamily II. DFAPRIINAE,
Zacranium, gen. nov.
$. Apterous. Head large, compressed, but not much wider than the compressed
thorax ; seen from above it is oval, a little longer than wide ; seen from the side it is
about twice as high as long, the antennae being inserted on a slight ledge far below the
middle. Eyes facetted, small, almost round and situated toward the side of the head
much below its middle. The mandibles project slightly and are bidentate, the inner
tooth acute. The antennae are 1 2-jointed, as long as the body; the scape long,
subclavate, about as long as the first four joints of the flagellum united ; pedicel
obconical, not short, about two-thirds the length of the first joint of the flagellum, the
latter being the longest joint of the flagellum, about as long as joints 2 and 3 united ;
the flagellum is incrassated towards the apex, joints 4 to 9 moniliform, the roth or last
antennal joint being oblong and as long as the two preceding joints united. The
thorax is compressed and about one-third the width of the abdomen at its widest part ;
above it is convex and a httle more than thrice as long as wide, the scutellum not being
differentiated, the collar at the sides and the metathorax, as well as the petiole of the
abdomen, being clothed with a pale woolly pubescence. Abdomen oblong oval, about
as in the European genus Platymischus Westwood, the second segment occupying
nearly its whole surface.
(i) Zacranium oaktiense, sp. nov.
(Plate VIII. fig. 3, ?.)
$. Length 2*8 mm. Polished, shining, the head and abdomen black, the thorax
rufous, the collar, metathorax and the petiole clothed with a dense woolly pubescence ;
first two joints of the antennae and the legs, including the coxae, flavo-testaceous, the
flagellum, except joints i and 2, which are more or less brownish, being black.
Described from i ? specimen.
Hab. Oahu : Waianae Mts., in June.
39—2
296 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Platymischoides, gen. nov.
?. Agrees well with Platymischus Westwood in having the head oblong, in the
absence of ocelli, and in its abdominal characters, but otherwise it is quite distinct : the
antennae are 12-jointed, and the scape is not dilated as in Platy7nischMS ; the scutellum
is present but indistinctly separated from the mesonotum, while the legs are normal,
not especially shortened as in Platymischus^ and agree with those found in many genera
of the Diapriidae.
(i) Platymischoides molokaiensisy sp. nov.
(Plate VIII. fig. 4, ?.)
%. Length 1*3 to 1*8 mm. Polished black, the antennae dark brown, almost
black, the scape black, while the legs are dark rufopiceous, the tibiae at base and the
tarsi being more or less yellowish.
The antennae are long, but little shorter than the body, the scape being about as
long as the first four joints of the flagellum united ; pedicel obconical, scarcely so long
as the second funicle joint ; the first joint of the flagellum is a little longer than the
second, the third to the fifth nearly equal, those beyond to the last being moniliform,
while the last joint is fusiform and a Httle shorter than the two preceding joints united.
Described from 3 % specimens.
Hab. Molokai, in the mountains (4000 feet), in October.
Phaenopria Ashmead.
1893. Phaenopria Ashmead, Monogr. North Am. Proctotryp., p. 436.
(i) Phaenopria hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length rx mm. Polished black, impunctate ; antennae 12-jointed, light
brown or brownish-yellow, dusky toward tips, the flagellum subclavate, gradually
thickened towards apex, without a well-defined, separable club, but with the last joint
much the largest ovoid, and a little longer than the two preceding joints united. Wings
hyaline, the veins yellowish, the stigma being represented by a small brownish dot.
Legs dark brownish or dark rufo-piceous, the trochanters, base of tibiae and the tarsi,
except the last joint, yellowish.
^. Length 1 mm. Agrees well with the female except in having a smaller
abdomen and in its antennal characters. The antennae are longer than the body,
14-jointed, the first joint of the flagellum being slightly longer than the second, the
second beneath angukited, while the following joints are elliptic-oval, subpedunculate,
and clothed with sparse hairs.
Described from a single % and ^ specimen.
Hab. Molokai (3500 feet), in July.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 297
Family LVL SCELIONIDAE,
Subfamily IV. SCELIONINAE,
Antekis Forster.
1856. Anteris Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. loi, T13.
Females.
1 . Legs, including coxae, honey-yellow or brownish-yellow 4.
Legs mostly black, the knees, sometimes base of tibiae and tarsi, honey-yellow
or testaceous 2.
2. Antennae not wholly black, the pedicel and the funicle joints i to 5 brown 3.
Antennae wholly black or at most with the pedicel at apex alone testaceous.
First joint of antennal club as wide as the second ; legs, except a spot on
the knees, black (^) ^- nigricornis.
First joint of antennal club hardly half the width of the second ; legs
blackish but with the trochanters, knees, base of tibiae and the tarsi,
except the last joint, honey-yellow or testaceous (^) ^- to,rsaHs,
3. First joint of antennal club only about twice as wide as long, narrower than
the second ; legs black, with the trochanters, base of tibiae and the tarsi,
except last joint, honey-yellow , (j) ^- hawaiicnsis,
4. Scape and pedicel honey-yellow, the rest of the antennae black ; first joint of
club twice as wide as long but narrower than the second {4) A. perkinsi,
(r) Anteris nigricornis, sp. no v.
%. Length 2*9 mm. Opaque black, the head finely, closely punctate, the punctuation
of the thorax still finer. Eyes large, oval, finely hairy. Ocelli triangularly arranged,
the lateral almost touching the eye margin. Antennae 12-jointed, black ; the first joint
of the funicle is the longest, cylindrical, a little more than thrice as long as thick, the
second a little shorter, the third very slightly shorter than the second, the fourth a little
longer than thick, the fifth moniliform, subpedunculate ; club 5-jointed, with the first
joint as wide as the second.
Thorax with distinct parapsidal furrows, the postscutellar ridge angulated at the
middle, the metathorax finely rugoso-punctate, the upper hind angles subdentate.
Wings dusky hyaline, the tegulae piceous, the venation dark brown, nearly black, the
stigmal vein paler, scarcely longer than the marginal vein and ending in a small, pale
knob. Legs black, the knees testaceous or honey-yellow, the anterior and middle tarsi
with a brownish tinge. Abdomen fusiform, longer than the head and thorax united,
the first segment longitudinally striate, the second more delicately striate and separated
from the first by a crenate line at base.
Described from i % specimen.
Hab. Lanai (3000 feet), in January 1894.
298 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(2) A uteris tai^salis, sp. nov.
$. Length 2*6 mm. Comes very close to A, nigricornis but differs as follows :
the third joint of the funicle is much shorter, being only about half the length of the
first, the fourth and fifth being nearly equal, moniliform ; the first joint of the club is
much smaller and not nearly as wide as the second joint ; the trochanters, knees, base
and tips of tibiae and the tarsi, except the last joint, are honey-yellow or testaceous ;
the stigmal vein is distinctly longer, its staff, without the knob, alone being longer than
the marginal vein ; while the three or four apical segments of the abdomen are smoother,
slightly polished.
Described from 2 % specimens, one without number or locality label but pre^sumably
taken in Hawaii,
Hab. ? Hawaii. — Kauai: Makaweli (2000 feet), in January.
(3) Anteris hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length 25 to 27 mm. Opaque black, coriaceous or finely, closely punctate,
and sparsely clothed with a short pubescence ; first and second segments of the abdomen
longitudinally striate ; pedicel and funicle joints 1 to 5 brown, or brownish-black ; knees,
and sometimes base and apex of tibiae, as well as tarsi basally, testaceous ; wings
hyaline, faintly tinged, the venation brown-black, the marginal vein about two-thirds the
length of the stigmal, the latter ending in a small, rounded knob, the postmarginal vein
being nearly thrice as long as the marginal.
The head is transverse-quadrate, with the eyes large oval, faintly hairy. The
antennae are 12-jointed and terminate in a 5-jointed club ; the first joint of the funicle
is the longest joint, about thrice as long as thick, while the fourth and fifth joints are
moniliform, subequal ; the first joint of the club is about twice as wide as long but much
narrower than the following joints. The thorax has the parapsidal furrows distinct to
the base of the scutellum but widely separated, while the postscutellar ridge is distinctly
angulated at the middle. The abdomen is fusiform, longer than the head and thorax
united, the first segment much shorter than the second but both longitudinally striate,
the second more delicately striate, the following segments being finely, closely punctate,
the fourth to the seventh subpolished.
Described from two specimens.
Hab. Lanai : Makaweli (2000 feet), in January.
(4) Anteris perkinsi^ sp. nov.
$. Length 2*5 mm. Black, subopaque, finely, closely punctate; scape, pedicel,
and legs, including coxae, honey-yellow. The first three joints of the funicle are
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 299
cylindrical, the first the longest but very little longer than the second, the third about
the length of the fourth and fifth united, which are moniliform ; club 5-jointed, the first
being twice as wide as long but narrower than the second. The metathorax has the
upper hind angles dentate, the postscutellar ridge being angulated at the middle. Wings
hyaline, the veins pallid. Abdomen alutaceously punctate, with the first segment striate,
the second aciculate, the aciculations evanescent towards the apex.
Described from one specimen,
Hab. Kauai : Makaweli (2000 feet), in January.
Superfamily VL CYNIPOIDEA.
This large complex, which comprises two families and several subfamilies with quite
diverse habits, some being phytophagous, some inquilinous, and others parasitic, is here
noted from the Hawaiian Archipelago for the first time by several representatives
belonging to the subfamily Eucoelinae.
All of the species in this subfamily, so far as the published records go, seem to
confine their attacks to the larvae and puparia of the Diptera.
Family LVIII. FIGITIDAE.
Subfamily V. EUCOELINAE,
PiLiNOTHRix Forster.
1869. Pilinothrix Forster, Verb, zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xix. pp. 345 & 358.
(i) Pilinotlunx bicolor, sp. nov.
$. Length 2*5 mm. Pohshed, impunctate ; head and thorax mostly black, the
mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen reddish-brown or castaneous; legs brownish-yellow;
wings hyaline, pubescent, the tegulae and veins brownish, the marginal cell open along
the front margin except near the base.
The antennae are 13-jointed, as long or a little longer than the body, black, the
scape obconical, a little shorter than the first joint of the flagellum, the pedicel oval, the
flagellum slightly and gradually thickened towards apex, the joints long, subcylindrical,
fluted, sparsely pubescent and subequal in length, about 3^ times as long as thick, the
first two or three joints slenderer than the following but scarcely perceptibly shorter
than the fifth joint The sides of the scutellum are longitudinally striate and clothed
with a few glittering hairs, the cup being long, ellipsoidal. The metathorax is finely
300 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
rugulose, clothed with a short, sparse pubescence and has a median carina. The
abdomen is compressed, pointed at apex and considerably longer than the head and
thorax united, with some pubescence at extreme base, the girdle not being well defined,
the petiole being extremely short and striate.
t. Length 2 mm. Wholly black, except the legs, the antennae being very much
longer than in the female, 15-jointed, the joints of the flagellum all long, subcylindrical
and fluted, the first two a little shorter than the following, subequal ; abdomen much
shorter than in the female, not longer than the head and thorax, blunt at apex ; other-
wise as in the female.
Described from i ^ and 2 % specimens.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea, in September.
Trybuographa Forster.
1869. Trybliographa Forster, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell, Wien, xix. pp. 345 & 359.
(1) Trybliographa hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length 2*2 mm. Polished black ; first two joints of antennae rufo-piceous ;
legs brownish-yellow ; wings hyaline, the veins brown, the marginal cell completely
closed, the cubitus distinct to near the apex of the wing but becoming pale coloured just
beyond its origin.
The antennae are i3-'jointed and extend to the base of the abdomen ; the scape is
obconical, nearly as long as the first joint of the flagellum but much thicker, the pedicel
globose ; the flagellum gradually and imperceptibly thickens towards the apex, the last
joint being ovate, nearly as long as the first joint but fully twice as thick ; the first joint
of the flagellum is subcylindrical, a little thicker at apex than at base, and, although the
slenderest joint, it is yet the longest ; the following joints are all fluted, oval or sub-
moniliform, not much longer than thick, the second joint being shorter and not so stout
as the third. The scutellum is longitudinally striate at the sides, the cup being narrow,
ellipsoidal. The metathorax is opaque, pubescent and has a sharp carina down the
middle. The abdomen is compressed, but not longer than the head and thorax united,
with an elevated, densely pubescent girdle at base, and seen from the side has its apex
obliquely truncate.
Described from one % specimen, taken in January 1896, from a decaying stem of a
Lobelia tree.
Hab. Hawaii : Hilo (2000 feet).
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 301
Aglaotoma Forster.
1869. Aglaotoma Forster, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xix. pp. 344 & 354.
Two distinct species, belonging to this genus, have been recognized, differing
greatly in size and requiring no table for their separation.
(i) Aglaotoma rtifiventris, sp. nov.
$. Length 2*5 mm. Polished black, the abdomen, except along the dorsum and
at apex, dark rufous; legs reddish-yellow. The antennae are 13-jointed, filiform, a
little longer than the body, pilose ; the scape is obconical, about as long as the first joint
of the flagellum but stouter ; the pedicel is subglobose, a little longer than thick ; the
first joint of the flagellum is the shortest joint, being only about two-thirds the length of
the second joint ; the following joints are all a little longer than the second, subequal,
except the last, which is slightly longer than the penultimate joint. The scutellum at
the sides is rugulose, the cup being rather large oval with a large fovea at apex and two
or three minute punctures along the lateral margins. The metathorax is finely wrinkled
and bicarinate. The abdomen is hardly so long as the head and thorax united, blunt at
apex, with tufts of pubescence on each side at base.
Hab, Hawaii: Kilauea, in July. One ? specimen.
(2) Aglaotoma molokaiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length 1*3 mm. Polished black; antennae brown, the two basal joints
yellowish ; legs brownish piceous, the trochanters, apices of the femora, anterior tibiae
and tarsi and basis of the hind tibiae and tarsi, honey-yellow ; wings hyaline, the veins
pale yellowish, the marginal cell closed.
The antennae are 13-jointed, gradually thickened toward apex, the first two joints
of the flagellum subequal, the first slighdy the shorter, the joints beyond delicately
fluted, stouter, ellipsoidal and a little longer than thick. The scutellum is indistincdy
aciculated at the sides, the cup being oblong-oval, with a small fovea at apex, and two
microscopic, scarcely perceptible punctures on each side before the fovea. Metathorax
subopaque, sparsely pubescent and bicarinate. The abdomen, seen from above, is
obovate, slighdy compressed and not or scarcely longer than the thorax.
Described from i % specimen.
Hab. Molokai Mts. (4000 feet), in November.
a. f. h. I. 40
302 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
DiRANCHis Forster.
1869. Dwanchis Forster, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xix, p. 360.
Polished black.
Legs dark red, the coxae and sometimes more or less of the femora, especially
basally, black ; marginal cell open all along the front margin {i) D, 7no?iticola.
Legs, including coxae, red, the hind tarsi fuscous ; marginal cell along the
apical half or more open (2) D. rufipes.
(i) Diranchis monticola, sp. nov.
%, Length 2-4 to 2*6 mm. Polished black, the legs dark red, the coxae and
sometimes more or less of the femora, especially basally, black ; wings hyaline, or at
most with a faint tinge, the veins brown, the marginal cell open all along the front
margin.
The antennae are 13-jointed, very sparsely pilose and reach to the base of the
abdomen, the flagellum being very slightly thickened toward the apex ; flagellar joints
3 to 10 moniliform, fluted, the third the smallest joint a little shorter than the second,
the first joint being long, subcylindrical and nearly as long as 2 and 3 united, the last
joint ovate and longer than the penultimate. The scutellum is striate at the sides, the
cup being large oval, its disk not flat, but subconvex, with a round fovea posteriorly.
Metathorax rugulose with a median carina, above bare, at the sides pubescent. The
abdomen is not longer than the thorax, blunt at apex and with a distinct woolly girdle at
base.
Hah. Molokai Mts. (4000 feet), taken June 15.
(2) Diranchis rufipes, sp. nov.
%. Length 2 mm. Polished black, the legs red with hind tarsi fuscous ; wings
hyaline, the veins rufo-testaceous, the marginal cell open along the front margin for
more than its apical half.
The antennae are 13-jointed, sparsely pilose and extend to the middle of the
abdomen, being somewhat longer than in the preceding species ; the first joint of the
flagellum is the longest joint, cylindrical, and about one-third longer than the second ;
the second and the following joints are elliptic oval, fluted and not quite thrice as long
as thick.
The scutellum is rugose at the sides, the cup being elongate oval and with a fovea
posteriorly and some microscopic punctures along the lateral margins. The metathorax
is wrinkled and slightly produced into a little neck posteriorly, its disk being bicarinate.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 303
The abdomen is not quite as long as the head and thorax united and has a thinly
pubescent girdle at base.
t. Agrees well with the %, except that the abdomen is smaller, the antennae and
legs being more of a brownish-yellow, not distinctly red, the hind coxae being blackish
at base, while the antennae are slightly dusky toward apex, have 1 5 distinct joints, and
are longer than the whole insect, the joints of the flagellum being long, cylindrical,
subequal in length, and nearly four times as long as thick.
Hab. Lanai : Halepaakai (3000 feet). Taken in January and July.
Hypodiranchis, gen. nov.
(Type H. hawaiiensis.) This new genus will fall in a table of the genera of the
Eucoelinae between Diranchis Forster and Heptamerocera Ashmead. From the former
it differs principally by its scutellar characters, the cup of the scutellum being smaller,
neither large-oval nor rounded, but small, narrow and ellipsoidal ; from H eptamerocera
and allied genera, i.e., Hexaplasta, Pentamerocera, &c., it is readily separated by its
antennal characters, the antennae in the female being without a distinctly differentiated
club : the first two joints of the flagellum are thinner and shorter than the following
joints and about equal, or nearly, in length; joints 5 to 13 are always somewhat
stouter than joints 3 and 4, all fluted and more or less ellipsoidal in outline.
Metathorax bicarinate. Wings pubescent, well ciliated at apex, the marginal cell
being more or less distinctly open along the front margin, the second abscissa of the
radius being straight or nearly, and clavate, or thickened towards apex, and one-
half longer than the first.
(1) Hypodiranchis hawaiiensis^ sp, nov.
(Plate VI I L fig. 5, ?0
$. Length 1*5 mm. Polished black; mandibles, first four joints of the antennae
and the tegulae testaceous ; legs, including coxae, brownish-yellow ; wings hyaline, the
veins brown. The antennae are almost the length of the body, 13-jointed, sparsely
pilose, joints 5 to 12 ellipsoidal, subequal, all a litde longer than the third, about 2-|
times longer than thick, the last joint ovate, longer than the penultimate and also
fluted. The scutellum is longitudinally striate along the sides, the cup being very
narrow, ellipsoidal in outline and with a small fovea at apex. The metathorax, except
the pleura, broadly at base, is wrinkled or irregularly lineated, opaque and feebly
pubescent. The marginal cell in the front wings is open along its front margin from
near its base ; while the abdomen is normal, hardly longer than the head and the
thorax united, blunt at apex and with a narrow pubescent girdle at base.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona (4000 feet). Two ? specimens taken in August.
40 — 2
304 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(2) Hypodiranchis lanaiensis, sp. nov.
%. Length 2*7 mm* Polished black ; the mandibles, except the teeth, the first
five joints of the antennae, and the legs are brownish-yellow; palpi pale yellowish-white,
the last joint of the maxillary palpi being fuscous ; tegulae rufo-piceous ; wings hyaline,
pubescent, the veins yellowish, the marginal cell being open along the apical two-thirds
of the outer margin.
The mandibles are 3-dentate, the two outer teeth being acute. The antennae are
long and filiform, about the length of the body, sparsely pilose, the joints 5 to 13 being
fluted ; the flagellar joints, except possibly the first, are very nearly equal in length,
about four times as long as thick, joints i and 2, however, being slightly slenderer and
proportionately longer. The scutellum at the sides is rugose or coarsely wrinkled, the
cup being ellipsoidal and flat and smooth on its disk. The metathorax is finely
wrinkled, bicarinate above, the surface on either side of the carinae being pubescent.
The abdomen is scarcely so long as the head and thorax united, black, but narrowly
testaceous along the venter and with a narrow, pubescent girdle at base.
Hab. Lanai (2000 feet). One % specimen, taken in December,
Hexaplasta Forsten
1869. Hexaplasta F'orster, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xix. p. 15.
(i) Hexaplasta konensis, sp. nov.
$. Length i *5 mm. Polished black ; first six joints of the antennae and the
mandibles brownish-yellow, the apical joints of the antennae blackish ; legs, including
coxae, yellow ; wings hyaline, ciliate, the veins in front wings brownish-yellow, in the
hind wings very pale yellowish ; tegulae brownish-piceous.
The antennae are i3-jointed and extend a little beyond the middle of the abdomen,
the 6 terminal joints, constituting the club, being elliptic-oval, striate, and stouter than
the preceding ; the first joint of the funicle is the slenderest and the longest, being
about one-half longer than the second, while the second and fourth joints are equal,
a little longer than the third. The scutellum is rugulose at sides, the cup being smooth,
its disk sub-concave, with a depression or fovea at apex. The metathorax is short,
finely rugulose and pubescent. The abdomen is normal, hardly as long as the head
and thorax united, with the usual woolly girdle at base. The wings are badly torn at
apex, but enough remain to make out the colour of the veins and to see that the
marginal cell was closed along its front margin.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona (2500 feet). One $ specimen, taken in July.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 305
Superfamily VII. CHALCIDOIDEA.
Of this large complex, the families Agaonidae and Torymidae, common in all
tropical countries, are not represented in any collections that I have seen, taken on
these Islands, although we should expect that both, or at least the last mentioned, must
occur there.
Family LXII. CHALCIDIDAK.
Epitranus Walker.
1834. Epitranus Walker, Ent. Mag. 11. pp. 21 and 26.
(i) Epih^anus lacteipennis Cameron.
1883. Epitranus lacteipennis Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 187. 1898.
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. v. p. 383.
Length 4^ mm. ''Dark reddish testaceous; the head behind, more or less of
the lobes of the mesonotum, pleura, sternum, metanotum, petiole for the most part,
abdomen more or less at the sides and above, coxae and femora in the middle, blackish.
Antennae not much longer than thorax, becoming very gradually thickened towards the
apex, which is sharply conical ; the joints of the fkgellum blackish at the apex. Head
obsoletely punctured, covered with scattered silvery white short hairs ; hind ocelli
situated on the edge of the head behind. Thorax coarsely punctured ; in the centre of
the mesopleura is a shining semi-oblique line ; in front of this line the pleura is
obliquely striated. The scutellum is margined behind, the border shortly projecting.
Metanotum reticulated, finely punctured. Petiole carinated at the side, longitudinally
striated. The 2nd abdominal segment is longer than the petiole ; its basal half is
smooth and shining, the apical finely punctured ; the posterior coxae are not much
shorter than the femora, which are somewhat alutaceous, and, with the coxae, are
covered with short pale hairs ; the femora have nine short blunt teeth, those at the
apex being the shortest. Wings a very little longer than the abdomen, lacteous ;
nervures pallid ; cubitus almost obsolete." (Cameron.)
Hab. Oahu. Not in the Perkins Collection.
3o6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Chalcis Fabricius.
1789. Chalcis Fabricius, Mant Ins. i. p. 272.
Black, strongly, umbilicately punctate.
Length 3 to 4 mm. Tegulae, except a large brown spot at base, the apices of
femora, the tibiae, except a broad black band medially, and the tarsi, pale
yellow, the black band on the anterior tibiae not interrupted beneath, the
hind tibiae with a black annulus at base, the hind coxae sometimes toward
apex and beneath rufous ; hypopygium yellowish (7) C, polynesialis.
Length 4*5 to 5*5 mm, Tegulae, except narrowly at base, apices of femora
and tibiae, and the tarsi, except the last joint, lemon-yellow, the tibiae
beneath more or less striped with black, the hind tibiae with a black annulus
at base outwardly but connected with the black colour beneath ; hypopygium
black {2) C. obsciirator.
( I ) Chalcis polynesialis Cameron.
1881. Chalcis polynesialis Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 561.
1898. Dalla Torre, Cat, Hym. v. p. 391.
% t' Length 2*8 to 3*1 mm. ''Black, covered sparsely with a longish silvery
pubescence. Base of scape, a line on the pronotum behind, and the scutellum more or
less ferruginous. Anterior legs with the trochanters, femora, and tibiae reddish yellow,
paler at the apex, and more or less fuscous in the middle ; hinder legs with the coxae
reddish, black behind ; trochanters and base of femora reddish, the rest black, save a
yellow spot above at the apex, which is reddish beneath ; tibiae black at the extreme
base ; next to this is a clear yellow ring, the centre is black, more or less reddish on
lower side, the apex clear yellow on outer side, the sides and lower parts reddish-
yellow; tarsi yellowish -testaceous, the extreme apex fuscous. Head and thorax covered
with shallow punctures ; those on the head and prothorax are smaller than those on
the middle of the mesonotum, which are again slightly smaller than those on the
scutellum ; lateral lobes of mesonotum with finer punctures than on the head.
Metanotum with larger punctures than on the scutellum. Scutellum rounded behind,
and with a transverse indistinct ridge on the apex. Abdomen not much longer than
the thorax, ovate, pointed at the apex, smooth, shining, impunctate, almost glabrous at
the base, the four apical segments clothed at the sides and beneath with a longish white
pubescence. Wings hyaline ; tegulae yellow ; the teeth on femora are very strongly
developed, especially at the apex.
''Seemingly a variable species as regards colouration. One of my specimens has
only the apex of the scutellum reddish ; another has it entirely of that colour, as well as
the apex of the mesonotum. The colour of the legs also varies." (Cameron.)
Hab. Oahu : Honolulu (Blackburn); Waialua, Koolau range in February
(Perkins), — Hawaii: Hilo, in July (H, W. Henshaw).
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 307
(2) Chalets obscurata Walker.
1874. Chalcis obscurata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 399, $. 1898.
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. v. p. 390.
?. Length 2% lines. Nigra, abdomen apicem versus cinereo-tomentosum ; femora,
apices tibiae tarsesque flava ; tibiae subtus nigro-vittatae ; tibiae postice nigrae ; alae
cinereae.
Body, antennae and legs black, with the usual structure. Body convex. Head
and thorax scabrous, dull. Antennae stout, nearly filiform. Prothorax about four
times as broad as long. Sutures of the parapsides distinct. Abdomen smooth, shining,
subsessile, with cinereous tomentum towards the tip. Femora yellow at the tips, hin'd
femora minutely denticulate beneath. Tibiae yellow beneath, striped beneath with
black ; hind tibiae black at the base. Tarsi yellow, tips black. Wings cinereous ;
squamulae yellow; veins black; ulna about as long as the humerus. (Walker.)
Mr Walker says : '* Perhaps a variety of C. inclinator, a native of Ceylon, Celebes
and Aru ; the black hue predominates a little more on the legs, and the wings are
cinereous, not pellucid. The Chinese specimens included with C inclinator belong to
C obscuratorT
Hab. Hawaii (Koebele) ; Hilo (H. W. Henshaw), in July.
This species was originally described from Hiogo, Japan. Specimens are also in
the U. S. National Museum taken by Koebele in Japan and China. In the Hawaiian
Islands Mr Koebele has bred it from a cocoanut Pyralid, Omiodes blackburni Butler.
Family LXVL MISCOGASTERIDAE.
Subfamily IIL MISCOGASTERINAE,
ToxEUMA Walker.
1833. Toxeuma Walker, Ent. Mag. i. pp. 371 and 378.
:. Wings not entirely hyaline, either siibfuliginous or with a smoky discoidal cloud 3.
Wings clear hyaline, without a discoidal cloud 2.
;. Head and thorax bright gold-green, shagreened with cupreous reflections; coxae
and femora metallic, the tibiae and tarsi, except the last joint, pale ferrugi-
nous ; abdomen bottle-blue, the ? with a decided aeneous tinge, especially
towards the base {^) T. haivaiiensis.
Head and thorax aeneous black, shagreened ; coxae aeneous black or sub-
metallic, the front coxae sometimes rufous, the rest of the legs ferruginous ;
abdomen aeneous black, l)eneath strongly, triangularly produced towards the
base; all funicle joints longer than wide (2) T.ferrugineipes,
3o8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
3. Wings mostly subfuliginous 6.
Wings hyaline, with a more or less discoidal cloud, which is sometimes reduced
to a small dusky cloud, or spot, just beneath the apex of the stigmal vein 4.
4. Apex of the wings smoky or dusky 5.
Apex of the wings clear, not smoky.
Head and thorax bronzed green, shagreened or feebly shagreened, the
thorax at sides and beneath sometimes differently coloured.
Coxae aeneous black, the femora brown-black, the trochanters, tibiae
and tarsi, except the last joint, brownish-yellow ; abdomen aeneous
black, strongly triangularly produced towards base beneath ; funicle
joints wider than long (j) T. affinis.
Coxae and femora metallic, the middle and posterior tibiae usually
fuscous, the knees and the anterior tibiae (sometimes middle tibiae)
honey-yellow, or brownish-yellow \ funicle joints subquadrate, 2 to
4 wider than long W ^- iarsata,
5. Head and thorax bright bronzed green; abdomen and legs aeneous-black, a dot
on the knees and all tarsi, except the last joint, light brown or brownish-
yellow (5) T, nubilipennis,
6. Blue-black, polished ; tarsi honey-yellow ; a space at basal third of the wings,
extending narrowly beneath the marginal vein and the triangular space
formed by the postmarginal and the stigmal veins, hyaline. {6) 71 nigrocyanea.
(i) Toxeitma kazvaiiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length 2*8 to 3 mm. Head and thorax gold-green, shagreened, the antennae
brown-black, the legs metallic, the tibiae and tarsi, except the last joint, pale ferru-
ginous or brownish-yellow, the abdomen bottle-blue or blue-green, while the wings
are hyaline with the veins yellowish.
The antennae are 13-jointed with 2 minute ring -joints ; the flagellum is subclavate,
the first three joints being a little longer than thick, the fourth is scarcely as long as
wide, the fifth and sixth distinctly wider than long, while the club is ovate and com-
posed of three closely united joints. The metathorax has a distinct median carina and
with lateral carinae bounding the pleura. The marginal and postmarginal veins are
long, the former being a little the longer, while the stigmal vein is distinctly clavate and
about half the length of the postmarginal. The abdomen is pointed ovate, as long
as the head and thorax united, the second segment being much the largest, occupying
nearly half the length of the abdomen, or as long as segments 3 to 5 or 6 united, the
seventh being usually conically pointed.
$. Length 2*4 mm. Agrees well with the $, except that the anterior and middle
femora are brown, that none of the funicle joints are longer than thick, and that the
abdomen is oblong-oval, depressed and shorter than the thorax.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea, ^ and $ in August ; Kona (4000 feet), in July.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 309
(2) Toxeunia fei^rugineipes^ sp. no v.
$. Length 2*8 mm. Head and thorax aeneous-black, the frons more distinctly
metallic, the antennae black, the scape beneath towards base and the legs, except the
hind coxae, ferruginous ; wings hyaline, the veins brownish-yellow.
The antennae are much longer than in the preceding species (hawaiiensis), all
the funicle joints being distinctly longer than thick, the first being fully twice as long
as thick, the following to the club gradually shortening. The metathorax is slightly
produced medially at apex, with a strong, sharp median carina, and has the pleural
ridges ciliate with long white hairs. The marginal and postmarginal veins are long,
as in the previous species, but the stigmal is somewhat longer, being nearly two-thirds
the length of the postmarginal vein. The abdomen, seen from above, is long, conic-
ovate, while beneath towards the base it is produced into a large triangular keel
Hab. Molokai, in mountains (4800 feet), in August. — Hawaii : Kilauea in August.
— Maui: Haleakala (7000 — loooo feet), in May.
(3) Toxeuma affinis, sp. nov.
$. Length 2*6 mm. Head and thorax above bronzed green, feebly shagreened,
the thorax at sides and beneath, the coxae and the abdomen aeneous-black ; femora
brown-black, the hind pair submetallic, the trochanters, tibiae and tarsi, except last
joint, ferruginous or brownish-yellow.
The antennae are shorter than in T, ferj^ugineipes, with all the funicle joints wider
than long, cup-shaped. The metathorax has the lateral carinae strongly curved inwardly
towards apex, with the median carina short. The wings are hyaline, with a subfuscous
cloud beneath the stigmal vein, the veins being dark brown ; the postmarginal vein
is almost as long as the long marginal, while the stigmal vein is about two-thirds the
length of the postmarginal.
t. Length r6 to r8 mm. Head and thorax darker than in ?, or bronzy-black,
the abdomen oblong-oval, briefly petiolate, the antennae filiform, the flagellum with
long, sparse hairs, the funicle 7-jointed, the joints elliptic-oval, longer than thick, the
legs, except the hind coxae, brownish-piceous, the sutures of the joints and the tarsi
yellowish ; otherwise as in the %,
Hab. Kauai (4000 feet), in October.— Lanai (3000 feet), in January.—Molokai
Mts. (4500 feet), in September.
(4) Toxeunia tarsata, sp. nov.
(Plate VHL fig. 6, ?.)
$. Length 2*5 to 2*9 mm. Head and thorax bronzed green, or strongly metallic
green, shagreened ; flagellum brown-black, the scape and pedicel smooth, aeneous-black,
A. F. H. I. 41
3IO FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
the coxae and femora metallic or aeneous, the tibiae usually dark brown or fuscous, the
knees and the tarsi, except the last joint, honey-yellow or brownish-yellow ; sometimes
the anterior and the middle tibiae are brownish-yellow ; the abdomen varies from a
blue-black to an aeneous black ; wings hyaline, always with a more or less well defined
discoidal cloud beneath the stigm.al vein, the veins being light brown or brownish-
yellow.
The antennae are 13-jointed, with 2 minute ring-joints, the joints of the flagellum
fluted, none of the funicle joints being longer than thick, the 4th, 5th and 6th being
wider than long. The postmarginal vein is about two-thirds the length of the long
marginal vein, the stigmal vein being more than half the length of the post-marginal.
The abdomen is elongate, conically pointed and longer than the head and the thorax
united, beneath convex, the second dorsal segment occupying hardly one-third the
entire length.
t. Length 1*5 to T*8mm. Head and thorax aeneous-black, the scutellum bronzed
green, the flagellum subclavate, pubescent, the funicle joints subquadrate, the abdomen
oblong-oval, depressed, not longer than the thorax, the second segment bluish.
Hab. Hawaii ; Kilauea, in August.
(5) Toxeu7na nubilipennis, sp. nov.
$. Length 2*5 mm. Head and thorax bright bronzed green, shagreened, the
antennae black, the legs aeneous-black, a dot on the knees, the extreme tips of tibiae,
and all tarsi, except the last joint, light brown or brownish-yellow ; wings hyaline, with
a large discoidal cloud extending to the hind margin and the tips smoky, the discoidal
cloud parted by a longitudinal hyaline streak.
The antennae are somewhat similar to those in T, tarsata, but are slightly slenderer,
the funicle joints being longer than thick, the first being about \\ times as long as
thick, the following very gradually shortening and widening. The marginal and post-
marginal veins are nearly equal in length, the latter extending to the apex of the
wing where it tapers off" to a fine point ; the stigmal vein is about half the length of
the marginal. The abdomen is conic-ovate, produced into a point at apex, and fully
as long as the head and the thorax united, the second dorsal segment occupying
scarcely one-third its entire length ; the fifth segment basally and the sixth and seventh,
in certain lights, show a distinct brassy tinge.
The species is allied to T, tarsata, but may be easily separated by the antennal
differences and the colour of the wings.
Hab. Lanai (3000 feet), in January. — Maui: Haleakala (5000 feet), in October.
— Kauai (high plateau), in August.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 311
(6) Toxeuma nigrocyanea, sp. nov.
?. Length 2 mm. Uniformly blue-black, polished, and without a metallic tinge,
under a strong lens exhibiting at the most a feeble alutaceous sculpture ; the anterior
tibiae beneath and at apex and all tarsi, except the last joint, are honey-yellow or light
brown ; wings subfuliginous, with their basal third and a streak beneath the marginal
vein hyaline, the veins being brown.
The head in the ? is lost and the antennal characteristics cannot be given. The
abdomen is conic-ovate as in the previous species {T, nubilipennis),
$. Length 1-5 to r6 mm. Blue-black, with the tarsi light brown, the flagellum
brown-black, the funicle joints submoniliform and subpedunculated, a little wider than
long, while the abdomen is oval, depressed, and much shorter than the thorax.
Hab. Lanai (2000 feet), in January.
Stictomischus Thomson.
1878. Stictomischus Thomson, Hym. Skand., iv. pp. 220 & 234.
(i) Stictomischus haleakalae, sp. nov.
^. Length 2-8 mm. Dull bronzed green, shagreened, the sculpture of the middle
and lateral lobes of the mesonotum anteriorly transversely wrinkled ; the sides of the
thorax and beneath, the legs, except the anterior tarsi which are honey-yellow and the
tibial spurs which are whitish, and the abdomen aeneous-black. The antennae are
filiform, the scape and pedicel shining black, the flagellum dull, brown-black, pilose, the
first joint of the funicle being much the longest joint, a little thicker at apex than at
base and about four times as long as thick, while the following joints to the club are
subcylindrical, nearly equal in length, hardly thrice as long as thick. The wings are
subfuscous, the veins brown, the marginal and postmarginal veins longer than the
stigmal vein, the latter ending in a large knob. Abdomen oblong oval, depressed,
much shorter than the thorax.
Hab. Maui : Haleakala (5000 feet), March 20, 1894.
Subfamily IV. LELAPINAE.
This group, up to the present time, has been represented by a single genus, Lelaps
Haliday, well represented in the West Indies and in South America.
Dr von Dalla Torre, in his Catalogus Hymenopterorum, Vol. v. 1898, has
unwarrantably changed Lelaps into Laelaps, a name already employed in the Reptilia
and the Arachnida. The original spelling of the genus is here retained, and since two
new genera allied to it have been recognized in the Hawaiian fauna, I have concluded
to give here a synopsis of the genera now known to me.
4i~2
312 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Males 4-
Females.
1. Antennae 12 or 13-jointed, the last joint of the club so minute as to be often
confused with the penultimate joint 3.
Antennae 14-jointed, with 2 ring-joints.
Winged forms 2 .
Wingless forms.
Abdomen conically pointed, the petiole distinct, a little longer than
thick, the second segment occupying hardly half of its surface ;
flagellum rather stout, subclavate, the joints fluted. [United
States.] (/) Apterolelaps n. g.
(Type A. nigriceps Ashm, MS.)
2. Abdomen conically produced at apex and usually ending in a prominent
ovipositor; second segment large, occupying fully half of the surface, the
third to fifth very short, the sixth and seventh together conical, longer than
half the length of the second. [West Indies, South America,] (2) Lelaps Haliday.
3. Abdomen conically produced at apex, the second segment not much longer
than 3 and 4 united, the fifth longer than the fourth, the seventh conically
produced ; scutellum with a cross-furrow at its apical third. [Hawaii.]
(j) Neolelaps n.g.
(Type N. hawaiiensis Ashm.)
Abdomen subglobose or short oval, the second segment very large, occupying
nearly the whole surface, the following very short, more or less retracted
within the second; scutellum with a cross-furrow very near its apex, far
beyond its apical third. [Hawaii.] {4) Mesolelaps, n. g.
(Type M. cyaneiventris Ashm.)
4. Petiole of abdomen long, the body small, spatulate; antennae very long,
14-jointed, longer than the whole body, the joints long, cylindrical, clothed
with long hairs ; {2) Lelaps Haliday.
Petiole of abdomen very short, the body oblong-oval, truncate at apex ; antennae
not longer than the thorax, 13-jointed, the flagellum fihform, pubescent, the
joints after the first about twice as long as thick {4) Mesolelaps n. g.
The males belonging to Apterolelaps and Neolelaps are unknown, and cannot be
incorporated in the table.
Neolelaps, gen. nov.
The salient characters for the recognition of this genus have been brought out in
the table of genera given above, and little more can be said of it : The shape of the
abdomen is very similar to that of Lelaps and especially to some undescribed species in
my collection from South America, but the much shorter second segment, and the
differences noted in the antennae readily separate the two genera. In its antennal
characters it comes quite clovSe to Mesolelaps, but in all other respects it is totally
different, the abdomen in the last mentioned being subglobose or short oval, never
conically produced at apex, and has the second dorsal segment very large, occupying
nearly the whole surface of the abdomen.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA SU
(i) Neolelaps hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
(Plate VIII. fig. 7, ?.)
%. Length 6 to 6' 2 mm. Head and thorax bronzed green, shagreened, the
abdomen metallic brown, the eyes brown. Scape of antennae, the tegulae and the legs,
except the coxae, yellow, while the veins of the wings, except the subcostal vein and
the knob of the stigmal vein, which are brown, are pallid.
The antennae are long, the joints of the funicle being long and cylindrical, but
gradually shortening to the club, the first joint being not quite five times as long as
thick, the last about thrice as long as thick. The abdomen is produced at apex, the
7th and 8th segments forming a spike-like process which is nearly as long as the rest of
the abdomen.
Hab. Kauai (high plateau). Taken in August 1894.
(2) Neolelaps flavipes, sp. nov.
?. Length 2*9 mm. Head and thorax bronzed green, shagreened, the abdomen
aeneous-black ; scape of antennae, the tegulae, and the legs, except the coxae, brownish-
yellow, the flagellum brown.
The antennae are 13-jointed, with 2 ring-joints, the joints of the flagellum all
distinctly fluted, the funicle joints in oudine nearly oval, longer than thick. The
scutellum is divided by a strong punctate line towards apex and by a punctate line from
the postscutellum. The metathorax is produced into a small globose neck at apex, the
metanotum being biareolated, the sides fimbriate with white hairs, the spiracles oval.
The abdomen is acutely conically produced at apex and is attached by a very short
petiole to the under surface of the globose neck of the metathorax, the second segment
being large and occupying fully one-third of the whole surface of the abdomen.
Hab. Kauai : Koholuamo, in April. One % specimen.
Mesolelaps, gen. nov.
Differs from all the other genera included here by the shape of the abdomen, which
is subglobose or short oval, never conically produced at apex, and by the very large
second segment which occupies most of its surface, the following segments being very
short and more or less retracted, while the cross-furrow of the scutellum is much nearer
the tip than in Lelaps or Neolelaps.
(1) Mesolelaps cyaneiventris, sp. nov.
(Plate VIII. fig. 8, ?.)
$. Length 2*8 to 3 mm. Head and thorax variable from a bronzed green to a
metallic or blue-green, and both shagreened, with the posterior margin of the mesopleura
314 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
and the metapleura smooth and more or less cupreous ; antennae black ; legs brown-
yellow, the coxae metallic, the hind tarsi more or less fuscous ; abdomen blue-black,
with an aeneous tinge in certain lights ; wings hyaline, the tegulae and veins yellowish.
The flagellum is subclavate, the joints being fluted, the first the longest, about twice as
long as thick, the following gradually shortening, the last funicle joint being only a
little longer than thick.
^. Length 2 mm. Blue to bluish-green, the head and thorax above usually bright
metallic green ; abdomen, coxae and femora dark blue, the tibiae and tarsi brownish-
yellow ; the flagellum filiform, clothed with a short pubescence, the funicle 7-jointed, the
first joint the longest, nearly 2\ times as long as thick at apex, the following gradually
shortening, the seventh joint being only a little longer than thick.
Hab. Hawaii: Kilauea ; Kona, taken in August, September and November;
Olaa, in November.
Family LXVIII. ENCYRTIDAE.
Subfamily I. EUPELMINAE,
SoLiNDENiA Cameron.
1883. Solindenia Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 189.
( 1 ) Solindenia picticornis Cameron.
1883. Solindenia picticornis Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 189. ?.
1898. Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., v. p. 271.
%. Length between 3 and 4 mm. Reddish-brown, faintly pubescent, the vertex
of the head brown or blackish, the face below the antennae, the cheeks, the temples,
the prothorax, the mesopleura posteriorly and the sternum, brownish-yellow, the
mesonotum just in front of the scutellum bluish, the metanotum with a violaceous tinge ;
abdomen at basal third and funicle joints of antennae 3 to 6, the anterior coxae, all
trochanters, and the middle and hind tarsi, white ; rest of legs yellowish, except that the
anterior tibiae outwardly, or at apex, and their tarsi, more or less, are subfuscous ; the
scape, pedicel, two first joints of funicle and the club are brown or fuscous. Wings
abbreviated, shorter than the abdomen, and fuliginous from the apex of the subcostal
vein, with an oblique, more or less cuneiform-shaped white spot beneath the marginal
vein and extending to the base of the stigmal, and another vis-a-vis on the hind margin
of the wing.
Hab. Oahu : Honolulu, in October. — Hawaii : Kona Mts. (1500 feet), in January.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 315
EuPELMiNus Dalla Torre.
1840. Urocryptus Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., 11. Synop., p. 72.
1897. Eupelminus Dalla Torre, Wien. ent. Zeit., xvi. p. 85.
(r) Eupelmintis subapterus, sp. nov.
?. Length 2*8 mm. Brownish-yellow, the head above submetallic brown, the
apical third of the abdomen or more, especially above, bronzed ; flagellum subclavate,
black, the pedicel yellowish ; wings much abbreviated, fuscous, with pale margins and
extending only slightly beyond the base of the abdomen ; apex of the hind tibiae and
their tarsi basally, white.
Hx\B. Oahu : Waianae Mountains (3000 feet), in April. ^^ Beaten from trees.
Perkins."
EupELMUS Dalman.
1820. Eupelmus Dalman, Svensk. Vet. Ak. Handl, xli. p. 377,
Males g
Females i .
1. Head and thorax metallic, peacock, emerald, gold-green or blue-green.
Head, thorax and abdomen black, with a faint metallic or aeneous tinge in
certain lights.
Legs black, the anterior and middle tarsi brownish-yellow, the hind tarsi
and the middle tibial spur dark fuscous or black, the other tibial spurs
pale ; hypopygium with a spined process medially at apex ; ovipositor
about the length of the hind tarsi, black (/) E, iiiger,
2. Legs, except sometimes the front and hind coxae, ferruginous, testaceous or
yellow (rarely with the anterior femora more or less embrowned basally) 7,
Legs, except sometimes the middle pair, mostly metallic 3.
3. Anterior and middle coxae alone metallic.
Ovipositor much shorter than the abdomen 4.
Ovipositor fully as long as the abdomen, angularly broken a little before
the basal third.
Middle legs, all trochanters, tips of their tibiae and their tarsi, the
hind femora toward apex, the extreme base of the tibiae, their
apices and their tarsi basally, brownish-yellow (2) E, konae.
4. Scape beneath brownish 6.
Scape wholly metallic, not brownish beneath 5.
3i6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
5. Head and thorax bright emerald-green, the abdomen above blue-green.
Abdomen shorter than the head and thorax united ; ovipositor fuscous,
shorter than the hind tarsi ; middle legs, all trochanters, anterior
tibiae, except outwardly medially, apex of hind femora, base and apex
of hind tibiae and all tarsi, except the last joint of the anterior and
middle tarsi and the last two joints of the hind tarsi, brownish-
yellow {j) ^' splendissimus.
Head and thorax metallic green, peacock or blue-green.
Abdomen longer than the head and thorax united, not strongly punctate ;
ovipositor variable in colour and length, usually a little shorter than the
hind tarsi, rarely as long ; middle legs, sutures of trochanters (sometimes
wholly), knees, more or less, extreme apex of tibiae, extreme base of the
anterior and hind tarsi, and the middle tarsi, except the last joint and
the teeth, brownish-yellow {4) E. vulgaris,
6. Gold -green.
Abdomen much longer than the head and thorax united, closely uniformly
punctate, except at the extreme base, where it is smooth ; ovipositor
fuscous, as long or a little longer than the hind tarsus; legs mostly
brownish-yellow, the anterior and hind coxae and the hind femora,
except at tips, metallic, the front and hind tibiae more or less, and
apical joints of tarsi embrowned (5) E, niolokaiensis,
7. Ovipositor rarely much shorter than the hind tarsi 8.
Ovipositor much shorter than the hind tarsi, not longer than the basal joint
All coxae, legs, and scape of antennae, yellow ; head aeneous-black,
impunctate ; thorax and abdomen metallic green {6) E. xanthopus.
Anterior and hind coxae metallic, rest of legs testaceous, the scape
aeneous; head blue-green, sculptured; posterior half of the meso pleura
and the abdomen cupreous (/) ■^- hawaiiensis,
8. Body metallic green but variable, the head frequently blue-green or aeneous-
black ; ovipositor variable in size and colour, fuscous at base and apex and
yellowish medially (typical) or wholly fuscous or yellowish, or fuscous only at
the base (<^) ^- flcivipes,
9. Metallic green to dark blue-green.
Dark blue-green, the legs metallic, the tibial spurs and the extreme base
of first joint of middle and hind tarsi, yellowish -white, with sometimes
one or two of the following joints pale beneath, the anterior tarsi more
or less yellowish or whitish {4) E.. vulgaris.
Metallic green, the legs, except the coxae, brownish-yellow (<^) E, flavipes.
(i) Eupelmus niger, sp. nov.
$. Length 5 mm. ; ovipositor the length of the hind tarsi. Robust, black ;
mandibles toward base rufous, the anterior and middle tarsi, and anterior and hind
tibial spurs brownish-yellow, the hind tarsi dark fuscous, with a pale ring at base, the
middle tibial spur black ; wings subhyaline, clear hyaline at extreme base.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 317
The head is finely shagreened, the cheeks with a few sparse punctures, the eyes
rather strongly converging above so that the vertex is only half as wide as the face
anteriorly. Antennae slightly thickened toward apex, the scape long, aeneous-black,
the flagellum opaque, brown-black, clothed with a fine, short pubescence, the first
three joints of the flagellum rather long, subequal, the following gradually shortening
so that the joint before the ovate club is quadrate or nearly, about half the length of
the first. The abdomen is pointed ovate, one-third longer than the head and thorax
united, depressed above, strongly carinate beneath, the hypopygium terminating in a
spined process the length of the longer spur of the hind tibiae ; the whole surface is
delicately reticulated from microscopic lines.
Hab. Maui : Lahaina. One a specimen taken in January.
(2) Eupelmus konae, sp. nov.
?. Length 5 to 6 mm. ; ovipositor as long as or a little longer than the abdomen
and angularly broken a little before the basal third. Metallic green, shagreened ;
mandibles piceous, with a rufous tinge medially ; all trochanters, the middle legs, the
apices of anterior and hind femora and tibiae, as well as the base of their tibiae and
the tarsi, brownish-yellow, the tibial spurs and basis of middle and hind tarsi whitish,
the coxae and rest of legs metallic ; wings hyaline, the veins brown.
The head is transverse, as seen from in front a little wider than long, the eyes
convergent above, the vertex being only two-thirds as wide as the width of the face
anteriorly. Antennae metallic, the scape green, half as long as the flagellum, the
latter aeneous black, clothed with a black pubescence, and very slightly and gradually
thickened towards apex, the joints similar to those in E^ niger except that the joint
before the club is hardly so long as wide. The abdomen is elongate, pointed at apex,
keeled beneath, delicately and microscopically reticulated, but with the spined process
of the hypopygium much shorter than in the previous species.
A single specimen, doubtless only a variety which may be named rtifipes, has
all the legs except the anterior and middle coxae, brownish-yellow.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea, in August, and Kona (4000 feet), in August. Described
from 5 $ specimens.
(3) Eupelmus splendissimtis, sp. nov.
$. Length 3*5 mm. ; ovipositor very short, shorter than the hind tarsi. Bright
emerald green, finely shagreened, the abdomen blue-green, the middle legs, all tro-
chanters, apices of the anterior and hind femora (the latter broadly), and base and
apices of their tibiae, as well as tarsi, except the apical joints, pale brownish-yellow ;
A. F. H. I. 42
3i8 FAUNA HAVVAIIENSIS
the anterior and hind coxae and rest of the legs, not specified, are metallic ; wings
clear hyaline, the venation yellowish.
The head is as in E, konae, the eyes converging above. The antennae are
aeneous-black, the flagellum subclavate, clothed with a black pubescence, the joint
before the club being longer than thick, the first being the longest or much longer
than the pedicel The abdomen is oblong-oval, shorter than the thorax, the apex
rounded, not pointed, above depressed, beneath convex, but not carinate.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands. Described from a single specimen, without either a
number or locality label.
(4) Eupelmus vulgaris, sp. nov.
%, Length 3 to 4*5 mm. ; ovipositor usually much shorter than the hind tarsi.
Metallic green, bronzed green to blue-green, closely, finely punctate or shagreened, the
legs being being mostly metallic ; the middle legs entirely, the trochanters, the knees,
tips of tibiae and the tarsi, except apical joints of the front and hind tarsi, are brownish-
yellow ; wings hyaline or only faintly tinged, the veins light brown.
The general habitus of this species, as well as the shape of the head and the
antennae, is as in E, niger, except that the abdomen is shorter and less pointed at
apex.
^. Length 3 to 3*5 mm. The head and thorax vary in colour from a bronzed
green to a blue-green, and are closely, shallowly punctate or reticulately sculptured.
The mesonotum is only slightly depressed and exhibits only faint traces of the parap-
sidal furrows. The abdomen is usually bluish, but also sometimes aeneous or even
metallic green. The flagellum is long, filiform, black, and clothed with a dense black
pubescence. The legs are most frequently metallic green or blue, with the extreme
tips of the tibiae and the front tarsi, except an annulus at the extreme base, and the
tibial spurs whitish.
Described from many specimens representing both sexes.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona (3000 feet), in September, (4000 feet), in August, (2000 feet),
in October. — Lanai : Mts. Waimea (4000 feet), in May. — Maui : Haleakala, in April,
(5000 feet), in March, — Oahu : Honolulu (2000 feet), in October; Kaala Mts. (1500
feet), in January. — Molokai Mts. (4000 feet), in April and June.
(5) Eupelmus molokaiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length 2*1 mm. ; ovipositor a little longer than the hind tarsus. Gold-green,
finely, closely punctate and clothed with a whitish pubescence ; mandibles dark rufous,
with black teeth ; scape metallic with the extreme base yellowish ; flagellum subclavate,
black and pubescent, the joints gradually shortening and widening to the club, the
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 319
first joint the longest, the joint before the club a little wider than long and a little
shorter than the preceding ; wings hyaline, the veins yellowish ; legs brownish-yellow,
with the front and hind coxae and the hind femora, except at tips, metallic, the tibial
spurs and the tarsi, except the last joint, whitish, the hind tibiae, except at both ends,
embrowned, the anterior femora and tibiae slightly obfuscated medially. The abdomen
is elongate, much longer than the head and thorax united, rounded at apex, the ovi-
positor prominent and of a dark fuscous colour.
Described from a single % specimen taken July 7, 1893. The species is easily
distinguished from all others by colour, and the entire surface, including the abdomen,
being finely, closely punctate ; the abdomen in the other species being smooth or at
most microscopically reticulated from delicate lines, but never closely punctate.
Hab. Molokai : Kalae.
(6) Eupelmus xanthoptiSy sp. nov.
%, Length 1-9 mm. : ovipositor very short, not longer than the basal joint of
the hind tarsus, brown. Metallic greenish, the head much darker, aeneous-black, the
scutellum and the abdomen bronzed green, the surface being smooth and impunctate,
except the scutellum, which is feebly shagreened. Wings hyaline, the veins pale-
yellowish. Scape of antennae and the legs straw-yellow, the flagellum black.
Hab. Oahu : Honolulu. One specimen taken in July.
(7) Eupelmus hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
%, Length 3 mm. ; ovipositor about the length of the basal joint of hind tarsi,
testaceous but narrowly black at base. Robust, gold-green, with bluish and purplish
reflections and shagreened, the head bluish-green ; antennae black, the scape and
pedicel aeneous ; first joint of the flagellum is the longest joint, being longer than
the pedicel and about twice as long as the last funicle joint. Wings hyaline, the
veins light brown ; the legs, except the front and hind coxae, which are metallic, wholly
testaceous ; abdomen a little longer than the head and thorax united.
Type. Cat. No. 5551, U. S. N. M.
Hab. Hawaii. One % specimen taken by Albert Koebele.
(8) Eupelmus flavipes Cameron.
1883. Eupelmus flavipes Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 190. ?.— 1894.
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., v. p. 276.
Length 4 to 5 mm. Green ; thorax beneath, the sides above more or less, and
abdomen, coppery. Antennae black; scape more or less testaceous beneath. Legs
straw-yellow, the femora somewhat darker ; posterior and anterior coxae for the most
42 — 2
320 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
part coppery green ; middle pair coppery at extreme base. The antennae are inserted
a little below the level of the eyes and become but very slightly thinner towards the
apex, and are covered with a microscopic pile ; the 2nd joint is a little more than one-
half of the length of the third, which is nearly of the same length as the 4th ; the 5th
distinctly shorter ; 6th a little shorter than 5th ; the 7th, 8th, and 9th become gradually
shorter ; the apical a little shorter than the three preceding together, sharply pointed
at the apex, and apparently composed of only one joint. The antennae are nearly
as long as the abdomen. Head and thorax covered with longish black scattered hairs.
Pronotum and metanotum finely punctured. Abdomen shorter than the thorax, de-
pressed in the centre, narrowed at base and apex, the latter rounded. Ovipositor a
little longer than the posterior tarsi, testaceous, black at base and apex ; apex of middle
tibiae distinctly thickened ; middle metatarsus thickened, pilose beneath, shorter than
the succeeding joints together ; the long spur three-fourths of its length. Wings
hyaline ; cubitus indistinct, pallid yellow ; ulna fuscous ; costa scarcely pilose. Eyes
large, projecting and converging towards the top. (Cameron.)
Hab. Hawaii: Kona (4000 feet). — Kauai (2500 feet), Makaweli. — Lanai (2000
to 2500 feet), in December. — Molokai (3000 feet) in October, Kaala Mts. (3000 feet)
in December. — Oahu : Waianae Mts. (2500 feet), in April.
Anastatus Motschulsky.
1859. Anastatus Motschulsky, Etud. entom., viii. p. 116.
This genus, which is parasitic in the eggs of various insects and particularly in
those belonging to the Rhynchota and Orthoptera, is represented by a single species,
as follows :
(i) Anastatus koebelei, sp. nov.
?. Length 3 mm. Metallic green or blue-green, the head in front, the middle
lobe of the mesonotum and the scutellum being usually gold-green ; head and thorax
shagreened, the metapleura smooth bottle-blue ; abdomen black or blue-black, with a
whitish or yellowish-white band near the base ; scape of antennae, the pronotum at
the sides, and the legs, except the front and middle coxae, dark rufous, sometimes more
or less fuscous ; flagellum black. The wings are fuscous, with the basal third and the
tips hyaline ; the fuscous part of the wings near the middle has two oblique whitish
spots, vis-d-vis, the first originating at the front margin about the middle of the
marginal vein, while the other is opposite this at the hind margin, both converging
and almost uniting at the middle of the wing.
Type. Cat. No. 5552, U, S. N. M.
Hab. Hawaii. Described from four $ specimens taken by Mr Albert Koebele,
and two specimens taken by Mr Perkins, at Kona (1500 feet), in September 1892.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 321
Subfamily II. ENCYRTINAE,
Tribe II. ENCYRTINL
Encyrtus Latreille.
1809. Encyrhis Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins., iv. p. 31.
(i) Encyrtus fuscMs Howard.
1880—81. Comysfusca Howard, U. S. Dept. Agric, p. 363, ?, ^. — 1887. Cresson,
Syn. Hym. North America, p. 239,
1887. Chiloneurus maculatipennis Provancher, Add. Fn. du Can. Hym., p. 208.
$.—1898. Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., v. p. 242.
1900. Encyrtus fuscus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxii. p. 360.
^. Length 2-6 mm.; expanse of wings 5 mm.; greatest width of fore wing
0*8 mm. Face deeply punctate, yellowish-brown in colour, vertex dusky, cheeks
blackish, mouth parts dusky. Scape of antennae and pedicel honey-yellow below,
brown above; flagellum blackish, with quite long black hairs. Collar black above,
brownish-yellow below ; mesoscutum blackish in the middle, ocherous at sides, clothed
with many lighter hairs ; tegulae ocherous, blackish at tip ; scapulae dusky, very thickly
and finely punctured ; mesoscutellum ocherous, with hairs anteriorly, the tuft behig
black ; metanotum black except postscutellum, which has an ocherous tinge ; peduncle
black ; abdomen shining black. Wings as with C, bicolor, the markings, however,
being clearer and more distinct, and the veins very black, except at the transverse
clear spot ; the stigmal vein is more curved than in bicolor. Front coxae transparent
white, femora, tibiae and tarsi honey-yellow ; middle and hind coxae yellowish, blackish
at tips ; middle femora yellowish, slightly darker above ; tibiae almost black, yellowish
at tip ; spur and tarsi yellow ; claws blackish ; hind femora and tibiae nearly black ;
tarsi whitish except last joint
$. Similar to the male in all respects except that the colour of the collar, meso-
scutum, scapulae, and mesoscutellum is of a uniform clear ochreous. (Howard.)
Hab. Hawaii : Olaa, in November. — Lanai (3000 feet), in February.
Tribe III. MIRINL
B0THR10THORAX Ratzeburg.
1844. Botliriothorax Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstins., i. p. 209.
(i) Bothidothorax insularis Cameron.
1886. Encyrtus} insularis Cameron, Mem. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc. (3),
X, p. 243. — 1894. Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., v. p. 260.
322 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Dark blue ; the antennae, apex of fore femora, apical third of middle and apical
half of hind femora, the tibiae and tarsi yellowish testaceous, base of four anterior tibiae
fuscous ; club of antennae darker than scape ; abdomen more or less green. Wings
hyaline, nervures testaceous. Head covered with large, distinctly separated punctures ;
thorax more closely punctured, the punctures being also smaller than those on the head ;
scutellum closely and more finely punctured than the metanotum ; abdomen shining,
impunctate. Head and mesothorax finely and sparsely pilose ; scutellum densely
pilose. Abdomen glabrous.
Scape of antennae longer than the flagellum, the flagellum 7-jointed, the first six
broader than long, becoming gradually broader until the sixth is double as wide as long;
last joint (forming a club) longer than the preceding six ; the apex produced laterally,
the elongation forming about one-fourth of the total length, and half the thickness of
the central part ; the club becomes gradually thickened towards the apex. The
flagellum is covered with longish stiff hairs, directed towards the apex. Head broad,
rather large ; eyes large, converging above ; ocelli in a wide triangle, widely separated,
the upper two nearly touching the eyes ; occiput concave. Face deeply excavated, the
excavation reaching laterally to the mouth ; epistoma projecting, broadly keeled.
Thorax large, broad, without sutures ; scutellum large ; metathorax small. Abdomen
shorter than the thorax, the apex narrowed, transverse. Wings scarcely as long as the
body ; cubitus more than double the length of the ulna, which is very short ; radius
absent ; edge of wing shortly ciliated. The cubitus does not reach to the middle of the
wing. Hind tibiae almost one-spurred, the inner being a mere stump.
The above-described species is certainly not an Encyrtus as now understood. I
cannot make it fit into any of the genera as defined by Mayr and Foerster ; but having
only a single example (a male), I do not care to found a new genus for its reception.
The sculpture of the head and thorax is pretty much as in Bothriothorax, (Cameron.)
There is a Bothriothorax insularis Howard, described later from the West Indies ;
it may be known hereafter as B. howardii.
Hab. Hawaiian Islands : taken on several of the islands.
MiCROTERYS Thomson.
1875. M icrotery s ^\\omsor\, Hym. Skand., iv. p. 155.
(i) Microterys molokaiensis, sp. nov.
t. Length I'l mm. Dark bronzed green, the mesopleura still darker, or aeneous
black ; scape and pedicel black, the flagellum dark brown, the joints elongate oval,
clothed with long, sparse hairs ; legs fuscous, the tibiae spurs white, the tips of middle
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 323
tibiae and their tarsi brownish-yellow. Wings hyaline, with an irregular fuscous
discoidal cloud beneath the marginal vein, the same connected with a fuscous streak or
ray along the hind margin of the wing and interrupted by a clear spot extending below
the short stigmal vein.
Hab. Molokai Mts. (3000 feet). Described from a single specimen taken in June
1893.
Adelencyrtus Ashmead.
1900. Adelencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., xxii, pp. 341, 401.
(i) AdelencyrtMs kaalae, sp. nov.
?. Length 1*5 mm. Head variable, from a blue-black to an aeneous-black, with
some sparse punctures on the vertex, the scrobes semicircular but not deeply impressed.
Head and abdomen aeneous black, smooth and impunctate, the hypopygium brownish.
Antennae dark brown, the scape clavate, as long as the pedicel and the flagellum united,
the pedicel obconic, scarcely longer than thick at apex, the flagellum short, clavate, all
the joints being wider than long. Wings clear hyaline, the veins brownish, the stigmal
vein being about as long as the marginal and postmarginal veins united. Legs dark
brown or fuscous, the trochanters, the tarsi and the middle legs brownish-yellow.
Hab. Oahu : Kaala Mts. (2000 — 2500 feet), in December, (3000 feet) in July,
Family LXIX. PTEROMALIDAP:.
Subfamily 11. PTEROMALINAE,
Tribe II. PTEROMALINL
Pteromalus Swederus.
1795. Ptero7nalus Swederus, Svensk. Vet.-Ak. Handl, xvi. p. 200.
(i) Pteromalus fiiscitarsis, sp. nov.
?. Length 2 mm. Very similar in habitus to P, pupa^nim Linne, the head and
thorax bronzed green, shagreened, the abdomen ovate, polished black. Antennae 13-
jointed, with 2 ring-joints, dark brown, the extreme base of the scape yellow ; funicle
joints I and 2 subequal, very little longer than thick, cup-shaped, joints 3 to 6 sub-
quadrate, a little wider than long. Legs, except coxae and the hind tarsi, brownish-
324 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
yellow, the coxae metallic, the hind tarsi fuscous. Metathorax rugulose, with a median
carina, the pleural ridge with long white hairs. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish,
the marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal, the latter two-thirds the length of
the postmarginal ; tegulae piceous black.
Hab. Lanai (3000 feet). Described from a single specimen taken by Mr Perkins
in January 1894.
Subfamily III. SPHEGIGASTERINAE.
ToMOCERA Howard.
1 88 1. Tomocera Howard, Rep. U.S. Dep. Agric, 1880— 8 1, p. 368.
1883. Moranila Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 188.
1885. Dilophogaster Howard, Entom. Amen, 11. p. 98.
(i) Tomocera calif ornica Howard.
1 88 1. Tomocera calif ornica Howard, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric, 1880 — 81, p. 368.
$, ^. — 1898. Tomocera californica Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., v. p. 216.
1883. Dilophogaster californica Howard, Entom. Amen, 11, p. 98.
1883. Moranila testaceiceps Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 188.
1898. Moranila testaceipes Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., v. p. 160.
$, Average length of body, 2-1 mm. ; average wing expanse, 3*5 mm. ; greatest
width of fore wing, 0*65 mm. Head with a delicate sculpture ; all of the thorax except
the scapulae with fine longitudinal punctures above ; metascutum and postscutellum
with a number of coarse indentations ; many stout bristles sparsely scattered over
dorsum of thorax. Abdomen subovate, somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally, smooth and
shining ; first segment very large, but the other five are plainly distinguishable. On
each side of the peduncle on the anterior part of the first abdominal segment is a strong
tuft of snow-white hairs. Wing veins strong, dark, bristly, the stigmal making a very
small angle with the post-marginal. Colour : head, face, scape of antennae, and the
under sides of all legs bright mahogany brown ; thorax black with a strong metallic
lustre on prothorax, tip of scutellum, and scapulae ; abdomen bluish-black with a slight
brownish patch beneath at base ; flagellum of antennae blackish with short dark hairs ;
border of the eyes at top of the head bluish ; front and middle coxae light brown, hind
coxae shining blue-black above, brownish below and at tip ; all femora blackish above ;
middle and hind tibiae blackish above, front tarsi yellowish, last joint black ; middle
tarsi whitish ; hind tarsi with first and fifth joints blackish, others yellowish. The
centre of the fore wing is occupied by a large dusky circular patch, the inner edge of
which is darker than the rest.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 325
t. Length 1*5 mm. General colour deep metallic blue-black ; antennae with the
scape yellow-brown, the remaining joints darker ; all legs light yellow-brown except
hind tibiae, which are blackish. Wings perfecdy clean (Howard.)
Hab. Lanai (3000 feet), in January.— Molokai Mountains (3000 feet), in January
and June. — Maui : Haleakala, in March and July.
Although this species was originally described from California as early as 1881, and
from the Hawaiian Islands in 1883, it is evidendy not indigenous to either fauna, but
is probably a species introduced from the Australian fauna.
Subfamily IV. SPALANGIINAE,
Spalangia Latreille.
1802. Spalangia Latreille, Hist. nat. Crust, et Ins., 111. p. 227.
(i) Spalangia hirta Haliday.
1833. Spalangia hirta Haliday, Ent Mag., i, p. 334, ?. 1876. Thomson,
Hym. Skand., iv. p. 215. 1881. Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London,
p. 562. — 1898. Dalla Torre, Cat. *Hym., v. p. 208.
Capite thoraceque fere totis punctato reticulatis confertim villosis %, (" Long. corp.
. 14 ; alarum 2.*')
Caput obscure aeneum antice magis attenuatum quam in sequente, totum confertim
crasse punctatum et villosum, plaga intermedia frontis tantum laevissima glabra :
antennae nigrae quam in ilia longiores et minus incrassatae, articulo 3tio parum breviore
quam 2do : thorax obscure aeneus : collare, mesothoracis scutum et humeri coftfertim
punctati, scuti tantum margine antico levigato : paraptera et scutellum vage punctata,
hoc apice parcius : metathoracis latera rugoso-punctata, scutellum laevissimum margini-
bus et canalicula media crenatis : squamulae fusco-ferrugineae : alae dilute ferrugineae
nervis fuscis : abdomen et pedes ut in sequente. (Haliday.)
Hah. Hawaii : Honolulu (Blackburn). This European species was recorded from
Honolulu by Mr Peter Cameron. I have not seen it and it is not in the collections
made by Messrs, Perkins and Koebele, although there is another species, represented in
both sexes, which is described below as new.
(2) Spalangia lanaiensiSy sp. nov.
$. Length i *8 to 2 mm. Polished black but exhibiting a faint bluish or aeneous
tinge in certain lights ; it is smooth and impunctate, except a few sparse punctures on
the pronotum, the parapsides and at the sides of the scutellum ; the tarsi, except the last
a. f. h. I. 43
326 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
joint, are honey-yellow or testaceous ; the metathorax with a median grooved punctate
line, which is forked at base so as to form a small, triangular space ; the abdominal
petiole is a little more than twice as long as thick, coriaceous and opaque, with three
delicate, elevated lines ; the body of abdomen is oblong oval and much shorter than the
body, while the wings are hyaline, with the veins brownish-yellow.
The antennae are lo-jointed, if the long club be considered to be only one joint,
although with a strong lens three indistinct joints may be detected, thus making the
antennae 12-jointed; the scape is a little longer than the 7 funicle joints united ; the
pedicel obconical, as long as the first three funicle joints united ; the funicle joints,
except the first, are a little wider than long ; while the club is oblong, considerably
thicker than the funicle and about as long as the last four joints of the funicle united.
^. Length 1*5 mm. Agrees well with the female, but the few punctures, noted in
female, are smaller, less distinct or nearly obsolete ; the body of the abdomen is smaller,
short oval ; while the antennae are somewhat different, the pedicel being a little shorter,
the joints of the funicle moniliform, briefly pedicellated, while the club is ovate and
scarcely so long as the last three joints of the funicle united.
Hab. Lanai (2000 feet). Described from one male and two females taken in
January 1894.
Family LXXL EULOPHIDAE,
Subfamily I. ENTEDONINAE,
AsTiCHUS Forster.
1856, Astickus Forster, Hym. Stud., 11, p. 78.
(i) Astichtts cyanetis, sp. nov.
$. Length 1*4 mm. Body and legs, except tarsi, blue; tarsi mostly white, the
last joint of all tarsi and the first and second joints of hind tarsi fuscous ; antennae
black ; wings mottled with brown and hyaline spots.
The head, seen from above, is transverse, fully twice as wide as long, from in front,
much wider than long, the vertex flat, the face deeply concave for the reception of the
antennae, and angulated at each side near the eye. The antennae are lo-jointed and
extend to the tegulae, pubescent, with all the joints of the funicle wider than long, the
club being cone-shaped. The wings are similar to those in A. arithmetrictts Forster,
but with more brown maculations and brown at tips. The abdomen is ovate, pointed
at apex, but scarcely so long as the head and thorax united, depressed above, sub-
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 327
angularly carinate beneath toward base, the second segment being the longest, longer
than 3 and 4 united, the following short, subequal.
Hab. Lanai (3000 feet). Described from a single specimen taken by Perkins in
January 1894.
Omphale Haliday.
1833. Omphale Haliday, Ent Mag., in. p. 339.
(i) Omphale ^netallicuSy sp. no v.
$. Length r8, 2, to 2*8 mm. Metallic green to blue-green, shagreened, the sides
of the thorax and beneath and the legs more of a bronzed green, the tarsi, except the
last joint, pale yellowish, the tibial spurs whitish ; thorax beneath and the legs, except
the tarsi, sometimes aeneous-black ; metathorax very short, with a median carina. The
abdomen is usually fusiformly pointed, longer than the head and thorax united and
usually of a darker colour than the thorax (rarely oval and shorter than the thorax, due
probably to the terminal segments being retracted). The wings are hyaline, with the
veins brownish-yellow. The antennae are subclavate, the scape and pedicel aeneous-
black or metallic, the flagellum brown-black, rather densely pubescent, the funicle
4-jointed, the joints rather stout, a little longer than thick.
^. Length 0*9 to i mm. Very variable in colour, blue-green to bronzed green, but
rarely blue-black, the sides of thorax and beneath, and the legs, except tarsi, blue-black,
the tarsi, except the last joint, whitish. The flagellum is dark brown, very hairy, with
the funicle only 3-jointed, the joints of same being moniliform ; otherwise as in female.
Comes near O, vei^sicolor Ashm,, described from St Vincent, W. L, but differs in
colour, and particularly of the legs and antennae.
Hab. Hawaii : Kailua (W. G. Wait), on November 7, 1894 ; Kilauea, in August ;
Olaa, in December. — Kauai : Halemanu. Kaala Mts. in December. — Molokai Mts.
(3000 feet), in April, June, September and October.— Oahu : Waianae Mountains
(3000 feet), in April. Many specimens.
Subfamily IL APHELININAE.
CoccopHAGUS Westwood.
1833. Coccophagus Westwood, Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), iii. p. 344.
43—2
328 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(i) Coccophagtis ochracetis Howard.
1895. CoccophagMs ochraceus Howard, Techn. Sen, No. i, U. S. Dep. Agric.
Ent., p. 38.
%. Length 07 mm. ; expanse, 1*53 mm. ; greatest width of fore wing, 0*3 mm.
Differs at once from all other species of the genus in having the general colour
ochraceous or dark honey-yellow instead of black. Head and thorax very finely and
sparsely punctate, also very delicately shagreened. Normal notal hairs blackish ;
abdomen smooth. General colour, as stated above, dark ochre yellow. Eyes dusky,
ocelli dark red. Antennae yellowish, except pedicel, which is blackish. Mesopleura
and terminal segments of abdomen dark brown, nearly black. All legs concolorous
with thorax. Wings hyaline, veins uniformly fuscous.
^. Punctation of notum a trifle more pronounced than with the female, mesonotum
appearing slightly rugose ; antennae slightly dusky. (Howard.)
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea, a single specimen taken in August 1896. The species
was originally described from Alameda, California, and it has probably been introduced
into the Hawaiian Islands.
(2) Coccophagus lecanii Fitch.
1858. Platygaster lecanii Fitch, Fifth Rep. Ins. New York, p. 25.
1878. Coccophagtis lecanii Smith (Emily), Amer. Natural., p. 666. — Forbes,
Seventh Illinois Rep., p. 129. — 1881. Howard, Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric,
PP- 357 — 358. — 1894. Howard, J. Linn. Soc. London, xxv. p. 97. 1895. —
Howard, Techn. Sen, No. i, U. S. Dep. Agric, p. 33.— 1898. Dalla Torre,
Cat. Hym., v., p. '^^^^
$. Length, i mm. ; wing expanse, 2*25 mm. ; greatest width of fore wings,
0*42 mm. Antennae as long as the thorax ; head, pronotum, and mesonotum finely and
sparsely punctate and furnished with short bristles, punctures of mesoscutum arranged
in longitudinal rows. Mesonotum also has a fine shagreening. Mesoscutellum and
parapsides of mesoscutum very finely shagreened, without large punctures ; abdomen
smooth. General colour black, shining, tegulae brown ; eyes dark reddish-brown ;
antennae light brown, with darker longitudinal raised lines on flagellar joints. Hairs of
thorax whitish, lighter on mesoscutellum. Last half of mesoscutellum and centre of
post-scutellum bright lemon-yellow. Wing veins brown. All femora brown or black,
sometimes yellowish at either extremity. All tibiae straw-yellow, with the exception of
the posterior pair, which have a brown annulus near base ; all tarsi straw-yellow with
the fifth joint dark brown.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 329
t, Somewhat smaller than female ; antennae longer, club proportionately consider-
ably longer, each of the joints as long as each of the immediately preceding funicle
joints. Coloration like that of the female, except that the yellow tip of the meso-
scutellum is wanting. (Howard.)
Hab. Hawaii. Two specimens, labelled No, 11 17, bred by Mr Albert Koebele.
Subfamily III. TETRASTICHINAE,
Tetrastichus Haliday.
1843. Tetrastichus Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, iii. p. 297.
(i) Teirasticlms hagenowii Ratzeburg.
1852. Entedon hagenowii Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstins,, in. p. 211, $. — 1898.
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., v. p. 38.
$. Length 1*5 to i*8 mm. Aeneous-black, with a metallic green or bluish-green
lustre in certain lights ; the scape of antennae, the pedicel, the legs, including all coxae,
except sometimes the anterior coxae basally, and the extreme base of abdomen, pale
yellowish ; the flagellum light brown, pubescent. Wings hyaline, the veins pale
yellowish. Abdomen pointed ovate, the length of the head and thorax united or a little
longer, above depressed, beneath convex.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona (2000 feet), in January ; Hilo, in June (taken by Mr H. W.
Henshaw). — Lanai : (2000 feet), one % in July.
This species Is a hyperparasite on Evania appendigaster Linn^, which lives m the
egg-cases of cockroaches.
Subfamily IV. ELACHISTINAE,
Ophelinus Haliday.
1843. Ophelinus Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, in. p. 300.
(i) Ophelinus mauiensis, sp. nov.
$. Length 3 to 3*5 mm. Dark bronzed green, finely shagreened ; the scape and
pedicel aeneous-black, the flagellum opaque black, pubescent ; legs, except coxae, pale
brownish-yellow, the femora above toward base, the hind tibiae outwardly toward apex
and the three basal joints of hind tarsi outwardly faintly dusky or obfuscated. Wings
330 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
subhyaline, being faintly tinged with brown, the stigmal vein with a fuscous streak
beneath its knob. Metathorax with a median carina. Abdomen elongate, fusiformly
pointed, much longer than the head and thorax united, or fully twice as long as the
thorax. The antennae are 8-jointed, the pedicel obconical, a little longer than thick at
apex ; funicle 3-jointed, the joints elongate, the first and second subequal, the first very
slightly the longer, about thrice as long as thick, the third twice, or a little more, longer
than thick ; while the club is 3-jointed, the last joint being very minute.
^. Length, 2 mm. Differs from the female in having all the legs, except the
tarsi, which are fuscous, bronzed or metallic black, the funicle being 4-jointed, the first
joint being nearly as long as the second and third united, the fourth moniliform, the
club 2-jointed, while the abdomen is oblong, not longer than the thorax and concave
above ; otherwise it is similar to the female.
Hab. Maui : Haleakala (5000 feet), in March and October.
(2) Ophelmus hawaiiensis, sp. no v.
?. Length, 3*4 mm. Agrees very closely, in shape and structure, with O.
mauiensts, except that it is of a metallic blue-green, the wings being clearer, nearly
hyaline, without the fuscous streak, beneath the knob of stigmal vein, while the scape
and the legs, except the coxae, are wholly brownish-yellow.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea. Described from one female taken in August 1896.
Subfamily V. EULOPHINAE.
Hemiptarsenus Westwood.
1833, He^mptarsenus W^st\Nood, Mag. Nat. Hist., vi. p. 122.
(i) Hemiptarsenus hawaiiensis^ sp. nov.
%, Length 2 mm. Aeneous black and feebly shagreened, the mandible rufous,
the scape of the antennae and the legs, except the hind coxae, brownish-yellow ;
flagellum brown-black, sparsely pubescent. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish ; a
faint dusky cloud just beneath the knob of the stigmal vein.
The scape is long and extends considerably above the ocelli ; the pedicel is ob-
conical, scarcely longer than thick ; the funicle is 4-jointed, the first joint being the
longest, about thrice as long as thick, the fourth being only about twice as long as
thick ; while the club is cone-shaped and scarcely so long as the first joint of the
funicle. The wings are normal, the marginal vein in the front wings being very long,
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 331
somewhat longer than the subcostal, the stigmal vein very short, ending in a small
knob, with an uncus, while the postmarginal vein is more than twice the length of the
stigmal vein with its knob, the abdomen is oval and hardly as long as the thorax.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona (4000 feet). Described from a single specimen taken in
August, 1892.
Necremnus Thomson.
1878. Necremnus Thomson, Hym. Skand., v. p. 234.
(i) Necremnus mactdatipennisy sp. nov.
?. Length 2 mm. Aeneous-black, coriaceous, the wings maculate with irregular
brown spots, the large discoidal spot beneath marginal vein having a hyaline space
between the base of the marginal vein and the origin of the stigmal vein, the apex
of the wing with three submarginal spots. The fourth joint of the antennae and the
legs, except the hind coxae, are light brownish-yellow. Abdomen ovate, not longer
than the thorax.
$. Length r-S mm. Agrees well with the female, except that the flagellum is
longer, the joints of the funicle being longer and slenderer, while the abdomen is
oblong-oval, shorter than the thorax, concave above.
Hab. Maui : Haleakala (5000 feet). Described from one male and two female
specimens taken in March 1894.
Sympiesis Forster.
1856. Sympiesis Forster, Hym. Stud., 11. p. 74.
(i) Sympiesis konae, sp. nov.
?. Length 2 mm. Metallic blue-black, the surface smooth and shining but under
a strong lens exhibiting microscopic reticulate lines. The antennae are black, the
flagellum subclavate, compressed, the funicle 3-jointed, the first joint the longest, seen
from its flat side about twice as long as wide, the second joint a little longer than wide,
the third not longer than wide ; club 3-jointed. Legs, except the middle and hind
coxae, clear yellow. Wings clear hyaline, the veins light brownish. Abdomen pointed
ovate, about as long as, or a little longer than, the head and thorax united.
Hab, Hawaii: Kona (2500 feet). Described from a single female taken in
September 1892.
332 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
EuLOPHUS Geoffroy.
1762. Eulophus Geoffroy, Hist. abr. Insect., 11. p. 312.
(i) Eulophus citripes, sp. nov.
%, Length i '4 mm. Metallic brown-black, feebly shagreened, the flagellum dark
brown, pubescent, the pedicel and the funicle joints beneath and toward apex yellow ;
mouth parts pale brownish -yellow. Wings clear hyaline, the veins light brownish ; the
knob of the stigmal vein with a faint fuscous streak beneath. Legs, except the middle
and hind coxae, lemon-yellow. Abdomen pointed ovate, longer than the head and
thorax united.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona. Described from one specimen.
Family LXXIH. MYMARIDAE.
Subfamily II. MYMARINAE.
Tribe II. MYMARINI.
PoLYNEMA Haliday.
1833. Polynema Haliday, Ent. Mag., i. p. 347.
(i) Polynema haivaiiensis, sp. nov.
^. Length 1*5 mm. Polished black, impunctate ; legs rufopiceous, the trochanters,
tips of femora, knees, an annulus at base of tibiae and the tarsi, except the hind pair,
yellowish. Antennae longer than the body, black or brown-black, with the second
joint alone yellowish, the joints of the flagellum elongate, fully four times or more
longer than thick. Wings hyaline, longly fringed, the delicate subcostal vein and the
punctiform marginal vein piceous black. Head, viewed from above, quadrate; pro-
notum conical ; mesonotum twice as long as wide with two distinct parapsidal furrows
extending to the base of the scutellum, the latter subconvex, longer than wide or as
long as the metanotum ; metanotum smooth, sloping off posteriorly. Abdomen rather
small pyriform, polished, the petiole slender and fully as long as the hind coxae.
Hab. Molokai Mountains (4000 feet), in September, 1883.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 333
Superfamily VI I L ICHNEUMONOIDEA.
Family LXXIV. EVANIIDAE.
Subfamily I. EVANIINAE.
EvANTA Fabricius.
1775. Evania Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 345.
Black, the wings hyaline, the stigma and the costal veins black.
Face reticulately punctate, with a slight median carina extending anteriorly
from between the insertion of the antennae {/) ^^ sericea Cameron .
Face smooth impunctate, with a median carina extending posteriorly from
between the antennae {2) E. appendigasfer Linne.
(i) Evania sericea, Cameron.
1883. Evania sericea Cameron, Trans. Ent Soc. London, p. 191, $. — 1889.
Schletterer, Ann. Naturh. Hofm., iv. p. 167.
$. Length 7 mm. Black ; palpi, knees, anterior tibiae, and tarsi obscurely
fuscous. Head and thorax coarsely rugose ; petiole longitudinally rugose, smoother at
the base ; mesopleura in front smooth, shining, impunctate, behind coarsely reticulated ;
breast covered with large shallow punctures. Coxae finely rugose, smooth at base.
Posterior femora not much longer than thorax; tibiae and tarsi armed with short thick
bristles; tarsi not much longer than tibiae ; claws apparently simple. The head, thorax,
and legs at the base are closely covered with a white velvety pubescence, which is
longest at the sides. Abdomen smooth, shining, compressed, shortly pilose at the
sides. Antennae longer than the body ; the apex of scape brownish. Wings hyaline ;
cubital and discoidal nervures obsolete from the discoidal cellules, the upper of which
is not at all so broad in proportion to the lower as it is in E, laevigata ; the transverse
humeral nervure is interstitial. The mandibles have two short obtuse teeth besides
the large apical one.
This species is apparently most nearly allied to E. tasinanica, Westw., but the
present species has not the face longitudinally striated, (Cameron.)
Hab. Oahu and Hawaii (No. 131). Oahu : Waianae Mts., in March; Honolulu
(A. Koebele).— Lanai, in July.— Hawaii : Hilo in July (H. W. Henshaw) ; Kona
(600 feet), in July (Perkins).
A. F. H. I. 44
334 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(2) Evania appendigaster Linn6.
1758. I chnetmton appendigaster Linne, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, i.
1889. Evania appendigaster Schletterer, Ann. naturhist. Hofmus. iv, p. 136. $, ^.
(Full bibliography and synonymy.)
?, t. Length 7 to 8 mm. Black, shining, the head and the thorax above, except
a few sparse punctures, are smooth and impunctate ; mesopleura anteriorly smooth
impunctate, posteriorly along the hind margin crenate, and with a few sparse punctures
on its convex disc ; metathorax rather coarsely reticulated, the scutellum with a few
minute sparse punctures. Wings hyaline, the stigma and costae black, the internal
veins brownish or testaceous. Abdomen petiolate, the abdomen strongly compressed,
hatchet-shaped, testaceous along the venter, the ovipositor subexserted, visible from
above as a short point ; body of abdomen in ^ clavate, compressed.
Hab. Hawaii : Olaa and Hilo, in July (H. W. Henshaw).
Family LXXVI. ICHNEUMONIDAE.
Subfamily II. CRYPTINAE.
Tribe III. HEMITELINL
This tribe is represented by three closely allied species, widely distributed in North
America, which were evidently introduced into these Islands from importations from
California.
Hemiteles Gravenhorst.
1829. Hemiteles Gravenhorst, Ich. Eur., 11. p. 780.
(i) Hemiteles variegatus Ashmead.
1890. Hemiteles variegatus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xii. p. 398.
%, Length, 2*4 mm. ; ovipositor, 0*4 mm. Brownish-yellow, varied with black,
minutely shagreened and opaque ; the head is large, transverse, wider than the thorax,
the stemmaticum blackish ; antennae 18 — 20-jointed ; thorax without parapsidal grooves,
and with three black blotches posteriorly ; metathorax areolated, the disk black ; petiole
more or less black, a blotch on disk of second and third abdominal segments sometimes,
and the following segments entirely, black. Wings hyaline, the front wings with two
transverse fuscous bands. Metathorax areolated, the areola hexagonal, a little wider
than long, the basal area very short transverse.
Hab. Hawaii. One female specimen taken by Koebele.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 335
(2) Herniteles tenellus Say.
1835- Cryptus tenellus Say, Journ. Bost Soc. Nat. Hist, i. p. i^-^, ?. — 1859.
Lecontes Ed. Say's Works, 11. p. 690. ?.
1869. Hemiteles tenellus Walsh, Can. Ent., 11. p. 12, %. — 1887. Cresson, Syn.
Hym. North Am., p. 161.
$. Length nearly three-tenths of an inch. Honey-yellow ; wings banded.
Antennae blackish towards the tip : wings hyaline ; a fuliginous band before the
middle, and a much dilated or double one beyond the middle including the stigma;
stigma triangular, and with the nervures brown ; radial cellule wide ; second cubital
somewhat rounded, the exterior nervure wanting ; apical nervure obsolete : metathorax
beneath the scutel and the insertion of the abdomen black : abdomen arcuated, blackish
at tip : oviduct half as long as the abdomen. (Say.)
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea, in September.
(3) Hemiteles melitaeae Ashmead.
1890. Hemiteles melitaeae Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xii. p. 398, %.
$. Length, 5 mm. ; ovipositor, i mm. Yellowish-brown, shagreened, opaque ;
the thorax has three black streaks posteriorly ; the metathorax above basally, a median
line on the posterior face, streak on petiole and the terminal abdominal segments, are
more or less black. Antennae 23-jointed, filiform, the first three joints of the flagellum
being long, subequal ; thorax without parapsidal grooves ; metathorax areolated, the
spiracles small, round. Wings hyaline, with two transverse smoky bands, the first
across the basal nervure, the other taking in the upper two-thirds of the stigma and all
of the marginal cell, the marginal cell, however, has a clear space next to the stigma,
and there are also two or three small clear dots in the areolet ; the stigma and veins are
black, except a spot at base of stigma, the median and submedian veins, the first
recurrent nervure and the portion of the cubitus in the clear space between the bands,
are yellowish ; the cubitus is not broken by a stump of a vein near its middle ; hind
wings clear hyaline.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea.
Subfamily III. PIMPLINAE.
Tribe III. LISSONOTINL
LissoNOTA Gravenhorst.
1829. Ltssonota Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur., iii. p. 30.
44—2
336 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(i) Lissonota bellator Gravenhorst
1829. Lissonota bellator Grav. loc. cit. sttpra, p. 106.
$. Length 7 mm, ; ovipositor longer than the body. Black ; the mandibles
medially, the flagellum, the legs, the apical third, or more, of the first segment of
abdomen, abdominal segments three and four and base of fourth, and the venter, except
at apex, rufous ; wings subfuscous, the stigma brown, the areolet triangular, sessile.
Hab. Oahu. A single specimen of this European species is in the collection
labelled : '' Probably from Oahu. May be British."
Tribe IV. PIMPLINL
EcHTHROMORPHA Holmgren.
1868. Echthromorpha Holmgren, Eugen. Resa, Zool., i, p. 406.
1892. Stagmopimpla Saussure, Grandidier's Hist, de Madagascar, xx. Hym.,
pi. XVI. f. I.
1894. Rhynchopimpla Kriechbaumer, Berl. Ent. Zeit, xxxix. p. 51, $.
1894. Polyamma Kriechbaumer, loc. cit,, p. 304. <^.
The type of this genus, E, macitlipennis Holmgren, was described from Hawaii.
It is one of the commonest species and is found on most of the Islands.
The genus is, however, evidently of Australian origin. Two species have been
discovered in the Hawaiian fauna, separable as follows :
Males 2.
Females.
T. Black, the front wings with a black spot near apex.
Orbits black ; legs, except more or less of the anterior femora, and tibiae,
and the abdomen wholly black {/) ^' "niaciilipennis.
Anterior orbits more or less yellowish ; anterior and middle legs more or
less rufous, the two or three terminal abdominal segments rufous
{2) E. flavo-orbitalis.
2. Face below the insertion of the antennae black, the anterior margin of clypeus
alone yellowish ; anterior legs in part alone rufous {2) E. macidipennis.
Face below the insertion of the antennae, the apex of the clypeus and the
anterior legs, yellowish {2) E. flavo-orbitalis.
(i) Echthromorpha maculipennts Holmgren.
1868. Echthromorpha mactilipennis Holmgren, Eugen. Resa, Zool. vi. p. 406;
tab. VIII. f. 3.
%, Length 12 to 16 mm. ; ovipositor about half the length of the abdomen, or a
little less. Black, punctate, the abdomen, except the first segment which is smooth and
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 337
shining, closer and more strongly punctate, the scutellum convexly elevated, nearly
smooth, the postscutellum smooth, impunctate, but with two foveolae, the posterior face
of the metathorax polished, impunctate, but with some faint, transverse aciculations
towards sides, towards the base and the pleura strongly punctate. Mandibles toward
base and the anterior femora beneath and toward apex, their tibiae and tips of tarsal
joints rufous ; rest of legs black. The head is transverse, thin antero-posteriorly, the
temples being flat, not developed, the face above the insertion of the antennae concave,
the basin being smooth, except some faint aciculations or wrinkles ; below the antennae
the face is feebly convex, sparsely punctate but shining ; the clypeus is large, smooth,
the labrum slightly exposed, yellowish ; palpi yellowish ; ocelli pale. The wings are
hyaline, with a small black spot almost at the extreme apex of the front wings, the
stigma and veins black, except the longitudinal veins at their origin, which are testaceous.
The abdomen is similar to that in Pwipla (sens, stn), the dorsal segments 2 to 6 with a
transverse impressed line at apex, which is more or less obsolete medially, and with
segments 2 to 5 also with an oblique line on each side extending from the base to the
apical transverse line, the apical portion of the segments beyond this line being smooth.
^. Length 7 to 14 mm. Agrees in every respect with the female, except that it
is smoother, feebly, sparsely punctate, the antennae longer, the abdomen elongate,
slender, the first and second segments polished, impunctate, while the following '
segments are also polished but with some sparse, feeble punctures.
Hab. Hawaii : Hilo ; Kona (4000 feet), in August ; Olaa (2600 feet), in May and
September; Kilauea, in September.— Kauai (high plateau), in September.— Lanai :
Kaala Mountains (2000 feet), in July.— Maui : Jao Valley, in April.— Molokai, in the
Mountains.— Oahu : Waianae Mts., in March ; Kaala Mts. (2000 feet) in July.
This species has been bred by Mr Albert Koebele from a geometrid larva infesting
cocoanut palms, identified by Dr H. G. Dyar as Omiodes blackbttrni Butler.
(2) Eckthromorpha flavo-orbitalis Cameron.
1 886. Eckthromorpha flavo-orbitalis Cameron, Proc. & Mem. Manchester Lit. &
Phil. Soc. (3), X. p. 239, ?.
^. Length 8 mm. '' This species differs from E, maculipennis as follows :— The
face is entirely yellow, the eyes are narrowly bordered with yellow except at the top,
the scape beneath, and the anterior coxae and trochanters, the basal half of the scutellum,
and the postscutellum are yellow ; the wings are much darker tinted, the nervures and
stigma are quite black ; the metanotum is more strongly punctured, and the oblong
depression found near the base in E. maculipennis is absent ; the punctuation on the
abdomen is stronger, there being also a distinct punctuation on the second segment, and
the transverse impressions are more conspicuous. Possibly an examination of a large
338 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
series of specimens may prove that E, flavo-orbitalis is only a variety of E. maculipennis.
(Cameron.)
?. Length 9 to 16 mm. Differs from female of E. inaculipennis in having the
scape of the antennae, the apex of the clypeus, the anterior and middle legs, except
coxae, and the abdominal segments 7 to 8 rufous.
Hab. Hawaii : Hilo in July (H. W. Henshaw). — Molokai, in mountains (4500 to
5000 feet), in June (Perkins).
Glyptogastra Ashmead,
1900. Glyptogash^a Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiii. p. 57.
(i) Glyptogastra hazvaitensis, sp. nov.
?, ^. Length 7 to 13 mm. Entirely black, except that the anterior femora and
tibiae beneath are ferruginous. The head and thorax are coriaceous and finely punctate;
ocelli transparent, pale amber coloured ; wings smoky black, with a faint violaceous tinge
in certain lights. The head is transverse, with the temples very flat, not developed, the
face above the insertion of the antennae concave, with some fine transverse striae in the
basin. The clypeus is distinctly separated from the face, nearly smooth, subopaque,
with a few punctures toward the base, the anterior margin being slightly arcuate, not
impressed. The antennae are nearly as long as the body, in female 31-jointed, in male
32-jointed, the first joint of the flagellum being much the longest, nearly eight times as
long as thick, the following to the last gradually shortening, the last joint about twice as
long as the antepenultimate. The scutellum and the postscutellum have deep, broad
furrows at the sides, the former being connected with the mesonotum by strong, elevated
carinae at the sides anteriorly and has a furrow or depression across the base. The
metathorax has a shallow median furrow which broadens into a triangular depression at
apex, the triangular space thus formed with some faint, oblique lines. The abdomen is
elongate, shaped as in Pimpla, the surface finely, microscopically reticulated, the first
segment with a hump-like elevation at its apical third, segments 2 to 5 with oblique
impressed lines laterally, and segments 2 to 4 with also indications of a transverse line
at or near their apices, the line more distinctly impressed laterally. Ovipositor promi-
nent, about half the length of the abdomen. The venation of the wings is similar to
Echthi^omorpha, only the discoidal nervure is not quite interstitial with the median vein.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea, in August ; Kona (4000 feet), in September.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 339
PiMPLA Fabricius.
1804. Pintpla Fabricius, Syst Piez., p. 112.
(i) Pintpla hawaiiensis Cameron.
1886. Pimpla hawaiiensis Cameron, Proc. & Mem. Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soc,
(3), X. p. 239, g.
¥, ^. Length 5-5 to 10 mm. ; ovipositor less than one-half the length of abdomen.
Black ; legs red, the anterior tibiae inclining to yellowish in front, the hind tibiae and
tarsi black, the extreme base of hind tibiae and a broad band above the middle and the
spurs white ; the tips of four anterior tarsi black ; extreme base of posterior testaceous.
Antennae scarcely as long as the thorax and abdomen united, stoutish, tapering towards
the apex ; inclining to brown on the lower side, covered with microscopic pile. Head as
wide as the thorax, shining, impunctate, the face somewhat protuberant, covered sparsely
with white hairs ; front a little depressed above the antennae ; clypeus clearly separated ;
maxillary palpi testaceous, labial fuscous. Thorax shining, impunctate, the mesonotum
sparsely, sternum and metapleurae densely covered with longish white hair ; metanotum
without any keels, the thoracic spiracles oblong. Abdomen ^bout double the length of
the thorax, covered with a longish white pubescence ; base of petiole excavated, the
middle portion sparsely punctured ; apical part shining, impunctate, separated from the
part in front by being a little raised. The other segments (except the apical) are closely
and rather strongly punctured ; the second is longer than broad ; the others to the
seventh broader than long ; the seventh is longer than broad ; the eighth is narrowed
gradually to the apex. The edges of the second segment are testaceous at base and
apex. Wings hyaline, shorter than the thorax and abdomen ; the nervures and stigma
black ; areolet 4-angled, angled on lower side ; the lateral nervures uniting at top ; th(i
recurrent nervure angled a little above the middle. (Cameron.)
Hab. Hawaii : Hilo in June and July (H. W. Henshaw) ; Kona (4000 feet), in
July ; Olaa (1500 feet), in May. — Lanai : Halepaika, in July (2000 feet), in February ;
Haleakala (3000 feet), in July. — Molokai, in mountains (2500 feet), in July. — Oahu :
Honolulu (2000 feet), in March; Kaala Mts. (1500 feet), in February; Waianae Mts.,
in April.
Subfamily IV. TRYPHONINAE.
Tribe IV. TRYPHONINL
Metacoelus Forster.
1868. Metacoelus Forster, Verb. d. naturh. Ver. Rheinl., xxv. p. 161.
340 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(i) Metacoelits femoralis Fourcroy.
1 78 1. I chnetimon femoralis Fourcroy, Ent. Paris, p. 396.
1829. Exochus femoralis Gravenhorst, Europ. Ichn., ir. p. 346. 1856, Holm-
gren, Monogr. Tryph. Suec, p. 308.
$, J. Length 5*5 to 7 mm. Black, sparsely pubescent ; upper edge of the frontal
ledge ferruginous ; palpi and tegulae yellowish ; antennae brown-black or fuscous, paler
beneath ; legs incrassated, flavo-ferruginous ; wings subhyaline, the costae and the
stigma brown-black, the other veins lighter brown. The whole body is shining, the
face rather coarsely punctate, the vertex and mesonotum more finely punctate, the
scutellum with some sparse, minute punctures, while the pleura and the metathorax
are smooth, impunctate, the latter being completely areolated. The abdomen is
shining, highly polished, the first segment having two carinae that extend a little
beyond the middle of the segment. The joints of the flagellum, after the first, are
wider than long, the first being fully as long as 2 and 3 united.
Hab. Hawaii: Hilo, in July. — Maui: Lehaima (2000 feet), in January. — Oahu :
Waianae Mts., in April. •
This European species is known to occur also in Africa, Asia, Australia, and North
America.
Tribe V. BASSINL
Bassus Fallen.
18 13. Bassus Fallen, Sp. Nov. Hym. disp. meth. exhib. Lundae.
(i) Bassus laetatorius Fabricius.
1804. Bassus laetatorius Fabricius, Syst. Piez., p. 63. — 1829. Gravenhorst, Ichn.
Eur., III. p. 353, — i8io. Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ., p. 19, f. 19. — 1852. Ratze-
burg, Ichn. d. Forstins., 11. p. 109. — 1856. Holmgren, Monogr. Tryph.
Suec, p. 353. — 1895. Davis, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxii. p. 19.
$, $. Length 5*5 to 6 mm. Head and thorax, the abdomen (except the apex of
the first segment, the second and third segments and the base of the fourth, which are
red), the base of hind femora and an annulus near the middle and hind tarsi, black ; the
anterior orbits, the clypeus, the mandibles, except teeth, the palpi, the anterior margins
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 341
of the lateral lobes of the mesonotum, the tegulae, a line beneath tegulae, the scutellums
and a broad band on hind tibiae, white ; legs, except as noted, rufous.
Hab. Maui : Lahaina (along coast), in January. — Oahu : Waianae Mountains,
in March. — Hawaii: Hilo (H. W. Henshaw), in July.
This species, which is parasitic on the larvae of Syrphid flies, is now widely spread
over the entire world, being recorded from Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, New
Zealand, Chatham Islands, Japan, Hawaii, North and South America, and the West
Indies.
Subfamily V. OPHIONINAE,
Tribe II. OPHIONINL
Ophion Fabricius.
1798. Ophion Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 210.
Black, the orbits yellowish (/) O. nigricans.
Luteous, the eyes, claws and sheaths of ovipositor black (2) 0. lineatus,
(i) Ophion nigricans Cameron.
1883. Ophion nigidcans Cameron, Trans. Ent, Soc. London, p. 193.
$, ^. Length 16 to 19 mm. Obscure black, covered all over with a close
pale pubescence, the orbits of the eyes before and behind yellow ; the face [and some-
times] more or less of mesonotum, metanotum at base, pleurae and sternum, brownish
[rarely entirely black]. Mesonotum margined along the side to the end of the
scutellum, which is rugose. Metanotum finely rugose ; at the base is a striated
furrow. Pleurae finely punctured. Coxae finely punctured; spurs thick, setose on
under side [sutures and second joint of trochanters, the tibiae and tarsi vary from
brown to ferruginous]. Antennae [in ?] somewhat shorter than the abdomen [in
t somewhat longer], obscure brownish fuscous. Wings hyaline ; nervures fuscous ;
stigma livid. (Cameron.)
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea.
(2) Ophion lineatiis Cameron.
1883. Ophion lineatiis Cameron, Trans. Ent Soc. London, p. 192, ?, $,
%. Length 13 mm. Luteous. Eyes, claws, and sheath of ovipositor black.
Wings hyaline ; stigma pallid ferruginous, darker round the edges ; nervures fuscous ;
A. F. H. I. 45
342 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
covered with a short white pubescence. Mandibles deeply bidentate, the apex blackish :
foveae above face not very deep, longer than broad ; covered with a white pubescence.
Antennae a little longer than the body. Mesonotum almost shining, very finely
punctured ; mesonotum distinctly bordered all round ; from the tegulae the carina curves
round to the scutellum, along the side of which it goes to the end, the two keels
converging as they do so, but not joining ; the apex of the mesonotum is also bordered,
and there is a lateral keel at the side of the scutellum in front behind the fore wings.
The metanotum is more pilose than the mesonotum ; it is finely rugose all over ; at the
base is a waved indistinct furrow. Abdomen covered with long, depressed, white hairs,
especially at the apex; the ventral surface is darker than the rest. The long spur of
the posterior tibiae is longer than the 2nd tarsal joint. Female and male. (Cameron.)
Hab. Hawaii : Lanai. Unknown to the author and not represented in the
collections made by Mr Perkins.
Pleuroneurophion Ashmead.
1900. Pleuroneurophion Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiii. p. 86.
(i) Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
(Plate IX. fig. T, ?.)
$. Length 9*5 mm. Head obscure yellowish-white, the occiput fuscous ; teeth of
mandibles black ; palpi brownish-yellow ; ocelli large, arranged in a triangle ; eyes large,
extending almost to the base of the mandibles and sinuate within opposite the insertion
of the antennae ; antennae black, the scape, the pedicel and the ring-joints at apex and
beneath, ferruginous ; the thorax, the coxae and more or less of the trochanters, except
their sutures, which are whitish, and the hind femora, black, rest of legs brownish or
fuscous. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown, except a whitish spot between
the parastigma and the stigma ; the stigma is lanceolate, the first abscissa of the radius
being much swollen beyond its origin but becoming slender at tip ; marginal cell long,
while the cubitus is distinctly angulated. The abdomen is nearly twice as long as the
head and thorax united, compressed and shaped as in Anomalon, the ovipositor exserted
but short, not so long as the first joint oi the hind tarsi. The head is smooth,
impunctate ; the mesothorax above is nearly smooth but distinctly sculptured at the
sides, while the metathorax is rugulose, with one transverse carina, the space enclosed
by it being much smoother than the portion beyond.
Type. Cat. No. 5553, U. S. N. M.
Hab. Hawaii. Described from a single specimen received from Mr Albert
Koebele,
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 343
Athyreodon Ashmead.
1900. Athyreodon Ashmead, Proc U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiii. p. 87.
(i) Athyreodon hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
(Plate IX. fig. 2, $.)
^. Length about 7 mm., the tip of the abdomen being broken ofif, the exact
measurement is not ascertainable from the single specimen. Brownish, slightly paler
beneath ; head anteriorly, the mandibles, except teeth, the palpi and the tegulae,
yellowish-white ; antennae much longer than the body, light brown, the first joint of
the flagellum being much the longest joint. Ocelli very large, prominent, the lateral
almost touching the eye margin. Eyes large, sinuate within. Anterior legs, including
the coxae, honey-yellow, the middle and posterior legs darker or brownish. Wings
hyaline, the stigma, except a longitudinal streak, and the veins brown-black. The head
is smooth, impunctate, the thorax above delicately, microscopically punctate, the sides
shagreened, while the metathorax is finely rugulose, with a transverse constriction just
back of the postscutellum, but without a distinct transverse carina.
Hab. Hawaii : Olaa. One t taken in December.
Banchogastra Ashmead.
1900. Banchogastra Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiii. p. 87.
(i) Banchogastra nigra, sp. nov.
(Plate IX. fig. 3. ?.)
%, Length 1 2 mm. Wholly black, the anterior wings with a decided bluish tinge,
the hind wings much paler, almost hyaline. The antennae are longer than the body,
filiform, and entirely black, except the ring-joint at apex, which is pale. The face is
somewhat closely punctate, the head behind and the thorax above being coriaceous ; the
scutellum is smoother, sparsely punctate, with the lateral margins elevated ; the meta-
thorax is short, with one transverse carina, the entire basal space being shagreened,
while the space beyond, which represents the posterior truncature, is very coarsely
rugulose. The legs are of moderate length, somewhat shorter than in other genera of
the Ophionini, the hind tarsi not being longer than their tibiae. The abdomen is
fusiform, subcompressed at apex, smooth and impunctate, the ovipositor not at all
projecting.
Hab. Hawaii: Kilauea. One % taken September 1895.
45—2
344 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
Pycnophion Ashmead.
1900. Pycnophion Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiii. p. 87.
Black ] anterior femora and all tibiae and tarsi, except sometimes the hind pair,
rufous j orbits black. Length 8 — 9 mm. ; ovipositor not half the length of
the abdomen {^) P* kauaiensis.
Black ; anterior and middle legs, except middle coxae, rufous ; orbits anteriorly
white. Length 12 — 13 mm. ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen ■•'{2) P. molokaiensis.
(i) Pycnophion kanaiensis, sp. nov.
%, $. Length 8 to 9 mm. Differs from P, molokaiensis in its much smaller size,
and without the white orbital lines ; the anterior femora and tibiae, as well as the
extreme tip of the middle femora and their tibiae and all tarsi, except the hind tarsi,
rufous, the hind tibiae either black or rufous, variable ; the metathorax is smoother than
in P, molokaiensis^ and is without a distinct transverse carina.
The male scarcely differs from the female : the antennae are proportionately
longer, while the compressed abdomen, seen from the side, is a little narrower, with
prominent claspers, its length being about three times as long as wide.
Hab. Kauai (4000 feet), in July. 2 $ and 2 J specimens.
(2) Pycnophion molokaiensis, sp. nov.
(Plate IX. fig. 4. ?.)
$. Length 12 to 13 mm. Wholly black, except as follows : a line on the anterior
orbits below the insertion of the antennae, as well as sometimes above the antennae,
and a line on the hind orbits from the middle of the eyes downwards, white ; last joint
of maxillary palpi more or less yellowish ; anterior legs from base of femora more or
less rufous, their tarsi blackish or fuscous, the joints sometimes pale at apex (rarely with
the coxae and trochanters rufous or rufous beneath), the propectus rufous. Wings
hyaline, faintly tinged, the stigma and veins brown-black. Metathorax short, with a
single transverse carina, the entire basal portion smooth and shining, the posterior face
finely rugulose. The abdomen is a little longer than the head and thorax united,
petiolate, compressed, smooth and shining, the ovipositor prominent, with a slight
upward curve and as long as the abdomen.
Hab. Maui : Haleakala (5000 feet), in September. — Molokai, in mountains
(4500 to 5000 feet), in April and September. — Kauai : Waimea Mts. (4000 feet).
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 345
Eremotylus Forster.
1868, Eremotylus Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. Rheinl., xxv. p. 150,
(i) Eremotylus orbitalis^ sp. nov.
$, ^. Length 13 to 16 mm. Black ; front and hind orbits, a transverse stripe back
of the ocelli, and the labrum, obscure whitish or ivory white ; the face is rarely wholly
pale, although the clypeus anteriorly or on its disk is ferruginous or pale ; mandibles
rufous, with the tips black ; palpi yellowish ; coxae and hind legs black, the anterior
and middle legs, except coxae, vary from a rufous to a rufo-piceous, the femora some-
times almost black (rarely with the front coxae and more rarely with the middle coxae,
rufous).
Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown-black. Abdomen three or more times
longer than the head and thorax united, compressed, smooth and shining, seen from the
side not very wide at apex, the petiole subclavate, about as long as the first four joints
of the hind tarsi united or a little longer than the second abdominal segment ; third
abdominal segment a little shorter than the second, the following gradually shortening.
The head, except the face, is smooth, the face being finely punctate. The antennae
extend a little beyond the middle of the abdomen, the first three joints being rufo-
piceous, pale at apex ; the flagellum is filiform, black, and clothed with a fine, black
pubescence. Ocelli large, the lateral almost touching the eye margin. Eyes very
large, subemarginate within opposite the insertion of the antennae, and extend almost
to the base of the mandibles. The thorax above is coriaceous, the metathorax being
finely rugulose, but without a transverse carina.
Hab. Hawaii (Koebele) ; Kona (2000 feet), in July (Perkins).— Kauai : Waianae
Mts. (2000 to 4000 feet), in January, February and July. — Maui : Haleakala (4000 feet),
in June.
Enicospilus Curtis.
1820. Enicospilus Curtis, Cat. Brit. Ins., p. 352.— 1835. Id. 111. Brit. Ent., vii.
p. [26.
I. Disco-cubital cell with two blister-like spots 7-
Disco-cubital cell with one blister-like spot.
Abdomen not entirely black 2*
Abdomen entirely black.
Orbits white, interrupted by the large lateral ocelli ; tarsi ferruginous )
second recurrent nervure from 2 to 3 times as long as the width of
the third discoidal cell at base ; first abscissa of the transverse
median nervure in hind wings more than half the length of the
second abscissa W ^' ?nauicolcu ?.
346 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
2. Thorax not entirely black, usually brownish, castaneous, dark rufous, or pale
ferruginous, sometimes marked with black 4.
Thorax entirely black.
Terminal abdominal segments never dusky or blackish 3.
Terminal abdominal segments always dusky or blackish.
Abdominal segments 2 to 3 or 2 to 4 in ? and 3 to 4 or to 5 in
i rufous, the rest dusky or blackish ; transverse median nervure
in hind wings with the first abscissa about half the length of the
second recurrent nervure more than twice the length of the width
of the third discoidal cell at base (2) E. kaalae. ? , c?.
3. Abdominal segments 3 to 8 castaneous or dark rufous.
Tibiae and tarsi and more or less of the trochanters ferruginous ; antennae
nearly as long as the body, light brown (j) E. waimeae.
4. Thorax immaculate or only faintly dusky at sides or in the sutures 5.
Thorax distinctly marked with black.
Thorax dark rufous or castaneous, the metanotum, disk of mesonotum,
more or less, and the mesosternum black ; legs, except apical half of
femora, which is black, pale ferruginous ; second recurrent nervure about
thrice as long as the width of the third discoidal cell at base {4) E. 7>ariegatus.
Thorax paler ferruginous, the metanotum from the transverse carina, the
middle lobe of the mesonotum and the mesosternum black ; legs pale
ferruginous, abdomen with the sides, from 3rd segment, with a fuscous
band ; second recurrent nervure about twice as long as the width of the
third discoidal cell at base ; antennae yellowish, much longer than
the body iS) ^' nigroHneatus.
5. Thorax and abdomen, or the head and abdomen pale ferruginous or yellowish
brown 6.
Thorax and abdomen castaneous or dark rufous.
Legs ferruginous; orbits and face, except sometimes a dusky median
streak, pale yellowish or whitish j antennae in $ shorter than the body,
in $ as long or a little longer than the body ; second recurrent nervure
more than twice longer than the width of the third discoidal cell at
base ; transverse median nervure in hind wings with the first abscissa
scarcely half the length of the second abscissa {6) E. castaneus.
6. Disco-cubital nervure forming a curve, not angulated ; second recurrent nervure
about four times as long as the width of the third discoidal cell at
base ; transverse median nervure not interstitial with the basal nervure ;
antennae in 5 considerably longer than the body (7) E, henshawi.
Disco-cubital nervure angulated a little before the middle; second recurrent
nervure only about twice the length of the width of the third discoidal cell at
base ; transverse median nervure interstitial with the basal nervure ; antennae
in 9 not longer than the body (<^) ^- molokaiensis.
7. Ferruginous ; abdomen much darker or brown ; antennae as long as or longer
than the body (?) ^- longicornis.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 347
(i) Enicospilus matiicola, sp. nov.
^ ?. Length 17 to 20 mm. Black ; the anterior orbits (narrowly) and the posterior
orbits (broadly) white ; mandibles rufous with black teeth, sometimes black at base ;
tarsi dark brown, the tibiae sometimes more or less brownish.
The antennae are as long as or a litde longer than the body. Ocelli very large,
the lateral contiguous to the eye margin. The face below the insertion of the antennae
is finely punctate, the clvoeus black or rufo-piceous, finely transversely aciculate, the
labrum somewhat prominent or exposed and always rufo-piceous. The metathorax
is rugulose, with the first transverse carina present, enclosing a smooth area at base.
Wings sub-hyaline, the stigma and veins brown-black, a testaceous spot between the
stigma and parastigma, while the disco-cubital cell has one small blister-like spot
Abdomen about twice as long as the head and thorax united, strongly compressed
from the second segment, smooth, shining, and impunctate, but clothed with a fine,
fuscous coloured, sericeous pubescence.
Hab. Maui. Lanai (2000 feet), in December.— Molokai, in the mountains (4500
feet), in September.— Kauai ; Waimea Mts.— Oahu : Kaala (1500 feet), in January.
(2) Enicospilus kaalae, sp. nov.
¥, J. Length from 17 to 22 mm. Head yellowish white, the occiput and a
broad band extending from the front ocellus to the tip of the clypeus black ; mandibles
reddish with the tip or teeth black ; palpi brownish-yellow ; antennae brown-black,
extending to beyond the middle of the abdomen, the scape beneath, and the pedicel
and ring-joint at apex, rufous ; the first joint of the fiagellum is nearly as long as joints
2 and 3 united ; the ocelli are large, the lateral touching the eye margin ; the thorax,
most of the legs, and the first segment of the abdomen are black, the rest of the
abdomen except the three or four terminal segments, which are more or less blackish
or dusky, is rufous ; all tibiae and tarsi rufous ; wings hyaline or faintly tinged, the
lanceolate stigma and venation brown-black, the disco-cubital cell with one small
blister-like spot.
The head and thorax are almost smooth, or feebly, closely, microscopically punctate,
the scutellum with elevated lateral margins, the sides of the thorax opaque, very finely,
closely punctate, while the metathorax is finely rugulose, with a transverse carina at
about its basal third. The abdomen is about two and a half times as long as the
head and thorax united, compressed, with the first segment subclavate, very little
longer than the second.
The male agrees well with the female, except that the antennae are a little longer
than the body, obscure rufous or brownish, the abdomen a little differently coloured,
the first and second segments being black, while the third to fifth are rufous.
Hab. Oahu : Kaala Mts. (6500 feet), in March 1892.
348 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(3) Enicospihis waimeae, sp. no v.
$. Length 15 to 16 mm. Resembles E. niaiiicola, but smaller, the abdomen
slenderer, seen from the side, not so wide dorso-ventrally ; the face below the antennae
is obscure rufous or brownish ; the antennae and the abdomen, except segments i and
2, are brown ; the anterior trochanters, the second joint of the middle and hind tro-
chanters and all tibiae and tarsi are pale ferruginous. Otherwise it is quite similar
to E, mauicolay except that the blister-like spot in the disco-cubital cell is larger and of
a triangular or oblong-oval shape, while the enclosure at base of the metanotum is
punctate.
Hab. Kauai : Mts. of Waimea (4000 feet), in June. — Hawaii : Olaa, in December.
(4) Enicospihis variegattis, sp. nov.
$. Length 20 to 22 mm. Brown or castaneous ; the disk of the mesonotum
more or less, a stripe on the scutellum, the mesosternum, the metathorax, except at
base above, the apical two-thirds or more of the femora and abdominal segments i and
2, black ; the orbits and the face are dirty white, the antennae are brown, longer than
the body ; while the legs, except as noted, are pale ferruginous, the last joints of the
tarsi being fuscous. The metathorax is without the basal transverse carina.
Hab. Hawaii : Hilo {H. W. Henshaw) ; Olaa, in December (Perkins).
(5) Enicospiltis nigrolineatus , sp. nov.
$, ^. Length 15 to 18 mm. Brownish-yellow, the antennae and the legs some-
what paler ; a median line on the mesonotum, a large spot on the mesosternum and
the disk of the metathorax from the basal transverse carina, and a more or less distinct
line on the sides of the abdomen, dark fuscous or black.
The antennae are much longer than the body, yellowish, in both sexes, the first
joint of the flagellum being scarcely so long as the second and third joints united. The
basal transverse carina of the metathorax is distinct in both sexes, and the space
enclosed by it is much smoother than that beyond. The wings are hyaline, the stigma
and the veins, except the second abscissa of the median vein and the second abscissa
of the radius, which are brown, being yellowish.
Hab. Lanai (2000 feet), in January. — Kauai : Waimea Mts. (4000 feet), in
June. — Hawaii: Hilo (H. W. Henshaw), in May; Kona (4000 feet), in August,
December. — Maui : Haleakala (5000 feet), in May. — Molokai, in mountains (3000 feet),
in June and September.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 349
(6) Enicospilus castaneus, sp. nov.
$, J. Length 16 to 20 mm. Castaneous or dark rufous ; orbits, anteriorly and
posteriorly, and the face below the antennae, yellowish or yellowish-white ; legs ferru-
ginous, the hind coxae sometimes brownish ; wings hyaline or only faintly tinged, the
stigma and veins reddish-brown, the disco-cubital blister-like spot small, triangular.
The antennae in the % are scarcely as long as the body, involute at apex, reddish-
brown, with the first joint of the flagellum as long as 2 and 3 united ; in the ^ they
are much longer than the body, the first joint of the flagellum being only one-half
longer than the second. The width of the third discoidal cell at apex is about twice
as wide as at base, while the first transverse carina of the metathorax is distinct in
the $, but in the ^ entirely or nearly obliterated, although sometimes with a trace of
the carina left.
Hab. Hawaii: Kilauea (H. W. Henshaw), in May, (Perkins), in August; Kona
{6000 feet), in September; Olaa in May (H. W. Henshaw), in September (Perkins).
Lanai (2500 feet), in February. — Molokai (2000 to 4500 feet), in March, June and
September. — Oahu : Waiamea Mts. (2000 feet).
(7) Enicospilus henshawi, sp. nov.
%. Length 9 to 10 mm. Head entirely, the antennae, the tegulae, the pro-
sternum, the legs and the abdomen pale ferruginous, the thorax brown ; wings hyaline,
the stigma and veins brown, the disco-cubital nervure strongly curved, almost inter-
stitial with the second transverse median nervure, causing the third cubital cell to be
unusually narrowed at base, the second recurrent nervure being more than four times
longer than the width of the third discoidal cell at base.
The antennae are longer than the body, the first joint of the flagellum being long,
but still shorter than the second and third joints united. The metathorax shows not
a trace of the transverse carina, while the abdomen is twice as long as the head and
thorax united, the petiole and second segment being long, nearly equal, the former
slightly the longer.
Hab. Hawaii : Hilo. Taken by Mr H. W. Henshaw in May.
(8) Enicospilus molokaiensis, sp. nov.
$, t' Length 11 to 13 mm. Uniformly pale ferruginous, except that the orbits
and face are more or less whitish, the legs much paler, with a yellowish tinge ; the
costal veins and sometimes the margins of the stigma and the first abscissa of the
radius, which is much incrassated towards base, are brown, the other veins being paler.
A. F. H. I. 4^
350 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
The antennae, in the $, are a little shorter than the body, involute at apex, the
last joint being fusiform, the thickest joint and as long as the two preceding joints
united, the penultimate and antepenultimate joints being about equal and only a little
longer than thick, the first joint of the flagellum is elongate and very nearly as long
as the second and third joints united ; in the ^ they are longer than the body and
slenderer toward apex, the terminal joints being proportionately longer, the last,
however, being shorter than the two preceding united, which themselves are twice
as long as thick, the first joint of the flagellum being distinctly shorter than the second
and third united. The basal transverse carina of the metathorax is distinct in the %
but absent in the ^. Wings hyaline, only faintly tinged, the disco-cubital blister-like
spot pear-shaped, the disco-cubital nervure (unlike other species) distinctly angularly
broken very near its middle and thus easily distinguishing the species from all others.
Hab. Hawaii : Kanai (2000 — 3000 feet), in January and February, (4000 feet),
in July ; Olaa, in September ; Kona (4000 — 4500 feet). — Lanai (2000 feet), in Feb-
ruary ; Waimea (4000 feet), in May. — Molokai, in mountains (4000 feet), in January,
July and September.
(9) Enicospilus longicornis, sp. nov.
^. Length 15 to 17 mm. Ferruginous; orbits and face below the antennae
whitish ; eyes large, black or brown-black ; wings hyaline, or only faintly tinged, the
stigma and the costal veins brown, the parastigma, stigma at base and the outer nervure
of the marginal cell, as well as the blister-like spots in the disco-cubital cell, yellowish.
The antennae are long and slender, longer than the body, tapering off at apex,
the terminal joints about of an equal length, more than 2\ times longer than thick, the
first joint of the flagellum being about as long as the second and third united. The
metathorax has no trace of the basal transverse carina. The disco-cubital cell, unlike
the 8 previously described species, has two blister-like spots, the larger of which is
of an irregular triangular shape, the smaller being more or less ovate.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea.
Tribe IV. ANOMALINL
Atrometus Forster.
1868. Atrometus Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. Rheinl., xxv. p. 146.
This genus is represented in the Hawaiian fauna by seven species, separable with
the aid of the following table.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 351
1. Thorax mostly rufous, sometimes marked with black 7.
Thorax and abdomen mostly black, the prosternum, mesosternum and meso-
pleura sometimes pale 2
2. Mesopleura, including the pro- and meso-sternum, yellow or pale yellowish,
rarely dusky on the disk 5
Mesopleura with a longitudinal yellow band across the disk, or the mesosternum
is marked with black
Mesopleura wholly black ^
3. Hind coxae and femora black ; anterior orbits, face below antennae, a spot on
hind orbits superiorly (sometimes connected with the anterior orbital lines),
the cheeks, prothorax, except sometimes superiorly, and the front and middle
coxae and trochanters yellow ( ? ) ; in c? the hind orbits are without a spot,
while the prothorax is yellowish only beneath; antennae, with ring-joint,
28-jointed (/) A.flavifrons.
Hind coxae and femora rufous ; tarsi, or at least the hind tarsi, more or less
fuscous, the front and middle pairs sometimes pale; the face below the
antennae, cheeks but not hind orbits, prothorax more or less beneath and
the front and middle coxae and trochanters, yellow, or pale yellowish. $ ,
(2) A. tarsattis.
4. Metathorax not wholly black 5,
Metathorax wholly black.
Mandibles, except tips, the orbits, except an interruption at the summit
of the eyes, the face below the antennae, prothorax beneath, a longi-
tudinal band on the mesopleura and the anterior and middle coxae,
lemon-yellow. $ (j) A, citricmchis.
Mandibles, except teeth, the clypeus, the face below the antennae, the
upper anterior orbits and the hind orbits, connected above, the pro-
thorax entirely, a longitudinal band on the mesopleura, and the anterior
and middle coxae and trochanters, lemon-yellow. $. 9 agrees with
$ except that the orbits are broadly interrupted above {4) A. molokaiensis.
5. Metathorax with a large yellow spot on each side towards apex but not
connected with a yellow band across the base ; mesonotum entirely black ;
mesopleura mostly yellow, with a spot beneath the front wings and along
the mesosternal suture, black. $ (5) A, haleakaiae.
Metathorax with a large yellow spot on each side towards apex but connected
with a yellow band across the base ; mesonotum with a hook-like yellow
mark on each side anteriorly, the inner angle of same extending as a band
towards the scutellum.- $ {6) A. hatvaiiensis.
6. Head, except a spot enclosing the ocelli and the occiput, a hook-like band on
each side of the mesonotum anteriorly, prothorax, mesopleura, including the
mesosternum, except a black spot beneath the insertion of the front wings,
a large spot on sides of metathorax connected with a band across the base
and the scutellum, lemon-yellow. $ (^) ^- haivaiicnsis.
Head black, the face below the antennae (entirely), mandibles, cheeks, front
and middle legs, prothorax, mesopleura, including the sternum, except a
spot beneath the insertion of front wings and a faint spot on the metapleura,
yellow or yellowish-white. $ \7) A- delicatiis,
46 — 2
352 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
7. Head, except the occiput and a large spot enclosing the ocelli which are black,
lemon-yellow ; prothorax, scutellum, mesopleura including the sternum, and
the front and middle legs, pale yellowish. $ (/) -^- delicatus.
([) Atrontetus fiavifrons, sp. nov.
$. Length 5 to 7 mm. Black, subopaque, the head coriaceous, the mesopleura
finely, closely, evenly punctate, the metathorax rugose, the hind coxae coarsely coriaceous;
a dot on temples just back of eyes, anterior orbits, face below the antennae, clypeus,
mandibles, cheeks, an annulus at apex of scape, prothorax, except a spot on the proster-
num, tegulae, front and middle coxae and trochanters, extreme apex of hind coxae,
sutures of trochanters, and the extreme base of their femora and extreme base of their
tibiae, yellow ; rest of front and middle legs, except more or less of their tarsi, testa-
ceous ; apices of front tarsi, apices of joints i to 3 and joints 4 and 5 of middle tarsi,
fuscous or black ; hind coxae and femora, except as noted, black (rarely reddish-brown),
their tibiae and tarsi, dark brown or fuscous, the tarsi sometimes black ; scutellum more
or less brownish ; dorsal abdominal segments 2 to 7 at sides ventrally marked with
reddish, rest of the abdomen black, the sheaths of the ovipositor being not quite as long
as the basal joint of hind tarsi. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. The
eyes are very large, converge below and extend to the base of the mandibles. The
antennae are 27-JQinted, or, with the pedicellus, 28-jointed, black, and as long as the
body ; the flagellum being slightly thickened towards apex, the basal joints elongate,
cylindrical, the first the longest joint, although only slightly longer than the second,
about 9 times as long as thick.
^. Length 4*5 to 5 mm. Agrees very closely with the % in colour, except that the
temples are usually immaculate, the scutellum black, the front and middle tarsi paler, the
hind femora reddish-brown, the hind tibiae fuscous towards base and apex, their tarsi
fuscous, while the antennae, with the pedicellus, are only 24-jointed.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona (2000 feet), in August ; Olaa, in December. — Lanai, in
July.
(2) Atrometus tarsatus, sp. nov.
$. Length 6 mm. Allied to A, flavifrons but differs as follows : the face from
the antennae downwards, but not the superior orbits, the prothorax beneath, the scape
and the ring-joint, are yellow ; sternum black ; the hind legs are rufous, their coxae
above and the first joint of their trochanters above, have a dusky blotch, their tarsi
being fuscous or subfuscous ; the third and fourth dorsal abdominal segments ventrally
at sides are rufous, the following segments being black. The antennae are 23 or
24-jointed.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 353
The ^, or what is supposed to be the t, has the orbits connected by a yellow band,
the prothorax, except a spot on its pectus, and the scutellum are reddish, while the hind
coxae, except at apex, are black, their tibiae at tips and their tarsi being fuscous.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona (3500 feet), in July.
(3) Atromehts citricinctus, sp. nov.
t. Length 6 mm. Black ; the orbits, except an interruption at summit of eyes,
the face below the antennae, the mandibles, except the teeth, the prothorax beneath,
the front and middle coxae and their trochanters, except above, a longitudinal band on
the mesopleura, the tegulae, and the apex of the scutellum, lemon-yellow ; rest of the
front and middle legs reddish ; the hind legs mosdy black, their tibiae medially-reddish.
Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown-black. Antennae, with the annular joint,
2 7 -jointed, as long as the body.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea, in August and September.
(4) Atromehts molokaiensis, sp. nov.
?. Length 8 mm. Black ; the orbits entirely, the face below the antennae,
mandibles, prothorax, tegulae, scutellum, a longitudinal band on the mesopleura and the
front and middle coxae and trochanters, lemon-yellow ; rest of the front and hind legs
mostly castaneous or dark rufous, their coxae above blackish, pale at base and beneath,
the tips of their tibiae and tarsi black or dark fuscous ; venter more or less testaceous.
Antennae 28-jointed, longer than the body.
Hab. Molokai, in the mountains (4500 feet), in August— Maui : Haleakala. —
Hawaii : above Hilo, in December.
(5) Atrometus haleakalae, sp. nov.
^. Length 6 to 6*5 mm. Black ; the orbits sometimes narrowly interrupted at the
summit of the eyes, face below the antennae, prothorax, scutellum, except at base, the
mesopleura, except a spot beneath the tegulae and a spot along the mesosternal suture,
an oblong spot on the sides of the metathorax, and the hind coxae, except a large black
spot above, lemon-yellow ; palpi, anterior and middle coxae and trochanters, yellowish-
white ; rest of legs mostly reddish or testaceous, the tips of the hind tibiae and their
tarsi black or fuscous. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. Antennae,
with the annulus, 28-jointed, as long as the body.
Hab. Maui : Haleakala {5000 feet), in March and April— Molokai, in mountains
(4000 feet), in July.
354 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(6) Att'ometus hawaiiensis, sp. nov.
(Plate IX. fig. 5, $.)
$. Length lo to 10*5 mm. Black; the head, except the occiput and an oblong
spot on the vertex extending forwards to the base of the antennae and enclosing the
ocelli, the prothorax, a hook-shaped spot on each side of the mesonotum anteriorly and
extending along its outer margins to the tegulae, the mesopleura, except a spot beneath
the tegulae and on the sternum, the scutellum, an oblong spot on the sides of the
metathorax connected with a band across its base (neither so distinctly defined nor as
yellow as in the t)y and the anterior and middle coxae and trochanters, lemon-yellow;
the rest of the front and middle legs, except the tarsi, are reddish, the tarsi being more
or less fuscous ; the hind legs are rufous, the coxae and trochanters above marked with
black, the extreme base and apex of their femora, the apex of tarsal joints i to 3 and
the following joints black or fuscous ; abdomen black, the venter and more or less of
dorsal segments 2 to 6 ventrally, testaceous. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark
brown. Antennae black, 30-jointed, with the first three joints pale, although dusky
above.
^. Agrees very closely with the female, except that the antennae are 34-jointed,
and that the mesopleura, except a small black spot just beneath the tegulae, are wholly
yellow.
Hab. Hawaii : Kilauea, in August.
(7) Ati'omehcs delicatiiSy sp. nov.
^. Length 4*5 mm. Head, except a large spot on the vertex enclosing the ocelli,
the prothorax, the mesopleura wholly, and a stripe on the sides of the metathorax,
yellow ; the palpi, the anterior and middle coxae and trochanters and the hind coxae at
base, white, rest of the front and middle legs, except last joint of tarsi, honey-yellow,
the hind legs red, their coxae except at base, their trochanters above, the extreme base
of femora and tarsi, black or fuscous. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown.
Antennae 25-jointed, the first three or four joints pale, the following black or brown-
black.
%, Agrees well with the male, except that the thorax is brown, with the lateral
mesonotal lobes, a spot beneath tegulae, the lower part of the mesopleura and the lower
part of the metapleura blackish, while the hind coxae and the legs are paler than in
male, without any black, although a little darker than the middle legs.
Hab. Kauai : Koholuamo, in April.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 355
Tribe V. CAMPOPLEGINL
Idechthis Forster.
1868. Idechthis Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. Rheinl., xxv. p. 154.
This genus is represented by a single species,
(i) Idechthis oahttensis, sp. nov.
?. Length 7 to 7-5 mm. Head and thorax black, very closely punctate and
clothed with a sparse, glittering white pubescence, that on the face denser and silvery ;
mandibles rufous ; palpi, tegulae and front and middle coxae and trochanters, yellowish-
white ; rest of legs rufous or ferruginous, the hind tibiae and tarsi often more or less
obfuscated or fuscous; abdomen mostly rufous or ferruginous from the apex of the
second or third segment, but these segments are more or less dusky above ; ovipositor
a litde longer than the hind tarsi. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown, the
areolet petiolate, the transverse median vein interstitial, the third discoidal cell about
twice as wide at apex as at base. Antennae, with the annulus, 33 to 34-jointed,
Hab. Oahu: Waianae Mts., in March.— Hawaii : Hilo (H. W. Henshaw), in
July.
Lathrostizus Forster.
1868. Lathrostizus Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. Rheinl, xxv. p, 154.
(i) Lathrostizus insttlarisy sp. nov.
$. Length 6 mm. Head and thorax closely punctate, black and clothed with a
sparse, whitish pubescence ; first two joints of antennae, except on disk above, and the
front and middle legs, except the coxae and trochanters, honey-yellow ; mandibles, palpi,
front and middle coxae and trochanters, the apex of hind coxae and sutures of
trochanters, and all tibial spurs, yellowish-white ; hind coxae, except at apex, black ;
rest of legs dark reddish ; abdomen black, the apices of the third and following segments
narrowly testaceous, at the sides more or less obscure, rufous ; the ovipositor is about
as long as the hind tarsi and has a slight upward curve.
The antennae are 30-jointed and extend to the base of the abdomen, the flagellum
being brown-black, clothed with a very short sparse pubescence. The wings are
hyaline, the tegulae and the subcostal vein yellowish-white, the costal vein and the
outer edge of the stigma brown-black, the stigma within and the internal veins being
356 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
light brown, the areolet being subpetiolate, nearly sessile. The metathorax is distinctly
areolated, the areola, however, being confluent with the petlolar area, while the posterior
face is transversely rugulose.
Hab. Molokai : Kaunakakai, sea level, in September.
LiMNERiuM Ashmead.
1858. Limneria Holmgren, Svensk. Vet,-Ak., Handl., 11. p. 51.
1900. LimneiHum Ashmead, Can. Ent., xxxii. p. 368.
1. Submedian cell in front wings not longer than the median, the transverse
median nervure interstitial with the basal nervure 2.
Submedian cell in front wings longer than the median, the transverse median
nervure not interstitial, uniting with the median vein beyond the origin
of the basal.
All coxae black, the front and middle trochanters, the second joint of
hind trochanters, tibial spurs, anterior and middle tarsi, extreme base of
hind tarsi, extreme base of hind tibiae and a broad annulus at the middle,
as well as the tegulae, palpi and mandibles, yellowish-white (/) L, polynesiale,
2. All coxae black or at most with the front and middle coxae pale only at apex.
Legs ferruginous, first joint of hind trochanters, the extreme base and
apex of hind femora, an annulus at base of hind tibiae, separate from
the apex of the femora by a narrow white annulus, its apical third or
more, and their tarsi, black or fuscous ; the hind tibiae medially, the
scape beneath, the mandibles, the palpi, and the tegulae, yellowish-
white {2) L. hawaiiense.
Legs ferruginous; the middle and hind tibiae medially more or less,
yellowish ; the apices except extreme base, the first joint of middle
and hind trochanters, apices of tarsal joints of front and middle legs
and the hind tarsi, blackish or fuscous; scape wholly black ...(j) L. blackburni Cameron.
(i) Limnerhmi polynesiale Cameron.
1883. Limne^na polynesialis Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc, London, p. 191. $.
%, Length, with terebra, 4 mm. Black ; tegulae, trochanters at apex, and middle
of four posterior tibiae, yellowish-white ; base and apex of four posterior tibiae and
femora reddish ; anterior legs pale testaceous, the tibiae with a more yellowish tinge ;
posterior tarsi infuscated. Abdomen on the under side at the sides, and more or less
above, reddish ; segmental divisions yellowish-white at the sides, and more or less above
on the three apical. Head and thorax semiopaque, finely punctured, covered (especially
the face) with a white pubescence. Super-median areola distinct, semicircular; the
others are somewhat compressed ; posterior median triangular at base, and extending to
the apex. Antennae as long as the thorax and abdomen, black, obscure fuscous
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 357
beneath. Terebra curved, a little longer than the petiole, which is alutaceous. The
abdomen is covered (especially the apex) with a pale pubescence. Wings hyaline ;
nervures and stigma pale testaceous ; areolet complete, scarcely petiolated. (Cameron.)
The specimens taken by Mr Perkins measure only 4 mm. in length, but otherwise
agree very well with Mr Cameron's description. The antennae in the t are 28-jointed.
Hab. Maui : Haleakala, at an elevation of about 4000 feet (Cameron) ; Waialuna,
Koolau range. — Oahu, in February 1893 (Perkins).
(2) Limnermm hawaiiense Cameron.
1886. Limneria hawaiiensis Cameron, Proc. & Mem. Manchester Lit. & Phil.
Soc, X. p. 241, $.
[?• Length 5 to 5.5 mm. Antennae in $ 26-jointed, in t 29-jointed, the scape
pale beneath.] Very similar in coloration and size (except that it is somewhat smaller)
to Z. blackburni, but differing from it in the head and thorax being densely covered
with silvery-white pubescence, on L. blackburni (especially on the thorax) it being very
sparse and the pleurae are almost glabrous ; the posterior median area of the metanotum
is narrower and longer ; the femora are of a much paler red, the four posterior tro-
chanters [except sometimes the first joint of the hind trochanters] are entirely yellow,
there is no black at the base of the hind femora, the black on the tibiae is lighter, the
four anterior tarsi are pale testaceous without any black, and the areolet is not only
longer, but is also somewhat wider ; the postpetiole is more strongly punctured, as are
also the second and third segments, and the apical segments are more densely covered
with white hair, the hair being also longer. The apex of the second segment and the
greater part of the third segment externally are testaceous. (Cameron.)
Hab. Oahu.
(3) Limnerium blackburni Cameron.
1883. Limne7Ha blackburni Cdim^von, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 192.
$. Length 6 mm. Black ; the mandibles, palpi, trochanters, knees and tibiae
(except at base and apex), and the spurs, yellowish-white ; femora and base and apex
of anterior tibiae reddish ; base of four posterior femora, base and apex of posterior
tibiae, blackish ; coxae and base of trochanters black ; anterior tarsi fuscous ; the base
of the tarsal joints pale. Abdominal segments at junction white ; ventral surface at base
yellowish. Head, thorax, and coxae almost opaque, faintly punctured, covered with a
white pubescence, which is especially long on the face. Abdomen semiopaque, very
finely punctured ; terebra as long as the four last segments together ; base of petiole
smooth, almost shining. The three basal areolae of metanotum are less strongly
A. F. H. I. 47
358 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
punctured than the rest ; the superior median areola small, distinct, semicircular,
broader than long ; posterior median triangular at base ; from that it contracts slightly,
and ends above the middle of the metanotum, where there is another field longer and
somewhat oval in form, which occupies the rest of the middle space ; the posterior inter-
median area is semiobsolete, small ; spiracular, large, wider at base than at apex ; at the
base it becomes rounded and enlarged. Wings hyaline ; areolet shortly stalked ; stigma
fuscous. ( Cameron. )
Hab. Hawaii : Mauna Kea, at an elevation of at least 13,000 feet, on the snow
near the summit.
Family LXXVII. ALYSIIDAE.
Subfamily II. ALYSIINAE.
Tribe 11. ALLOEINL
Aphaereta Forster.
1862. Aphaereta Forster, Verb, d, naturh. Ver. RheinL, xix. p. 264.
(i) Aphaereta muscae Ashmead.
1888. Aphaereta muscae Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x. p. 646. ?, ^.
1898. Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., iv. p. 42.
?, ^. Length 2 to 2*5 mm. Polished black ; first two joints of antennae, the
mandibles, the prothorax, the legs and the first segment of the abdomen, honey-yellow
or reddish-yellow.
The antennae in the % vary from 21 to 23-jointed, in the ^ from 24 to 26 joints,
the first and third joints of the flagellum being subequal, shorter than the first The
mesonotum is without a fovea just before the scutellum, the scutellum being deeply
foveated at base and divided by a delicate median carina into two parts, the bottom
usually showing a few striae ; the postscutellum is carinate ; the metathorax posteriorly
is strongly wrinkled, while the upper basal part of the metanotum is short, smooth, with
two areas, the median or dividing carina being strongly developed and elevated
posteriorly, the furrow on the mesopleura being crenate. The wings are hyaline, ciliate,
with the costae and the narrow stigma brown, the internal veins much paler or
yellowish-white ; the first abscissa of the radius is about as long as the second transverse
cubitus, rarely a little longer, while the latter is about half the length of the first trans-
verse cubitus, or a little shorter.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 359
Abdomen oblong-oval, the first dorsal segment being longitudinally striate, with
two carinae toward base, becoming obsolete at about the middle of the segment ; rest of
the segments smooth and polished, the ovipositor about as long as the hind tarsi.
Hab. Hawaii : Kona (2000 feet), in September (4000 feet), in August.— Oahu :
Waianae Mts, (3000 feet), in April— Molokai Mts. (3000 feet), in May and June.—
Kauai : Mts. Waimea {4000 feet), in June.— This species is widely distributed over
the United States and in Canada.
AsPiLOTA Forster.
1862. Aspilota Forster, Verb. d. naturh. Ver, Rheinl., xix. p. 268.
(i) Aspilota konae, sp. nov.
?. Length 2*1 mm. Polished black; antennae 28-jointed ; the mandibles, except
the teeth, first two joints of antennae, first segment of abdomen and the legs, including
the coxae, honey-yellow ; palpi white ; riagellum black, bearded with rather long sparse
hairs.
The mesonotum has a central fovea posteriorly just in front of the scutellum ; the
scutellum is convex, deeply foveated at base, the fovea divided into two parts by a
delicate median carina, while the metanotum is biareolated, the posterior face of the
metathorax being wrinkled. The wings are hyaline, ciliated ; the costa and the
linear stigma, as well as the radius, are brown, the internal veins being pale. The
abdomen is compressed from the second segment and ends in an upward curved
ovipositor, which is not longer than the basal joint of the hind tarsi.
Hab. Kona (2000 feet), in October. Described from a single specimen, taken
by Mr Perkins.
Family LXXVHI, BRACONIDAE.
Subfamily IX. CHELONINAE,
Chelonus Jurine.
1807. Chelonus Jurine, Nouv. meth. Hym., p. 289.
(i) Chelonus blackburni Cameron.
1 88 1. Chelonus carinatus Cameron, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, p. 559 nee
Provancher.
1886. Chelonus blackburni Cameron, Proc. & Mem. Manchester Litt. & Phil.
Soc. X. p. 242.
1898. Chelonus cameronii Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., iv. p. 200.
47—2
36o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
%, Length 2*4 to 2*5 mm. Black, half-shining, covered with a close microscopic
silky pubescence ; the greater part of the scape of the antennae and the four following
joints reddish testaceous ; extreme apex of coxae, trochanters, apex and base of anterior
femora, and the posterior knees, pale red ; four anterior tibiae and tarsi pallid tes-
taceous : hinder tibiae broadly annulated with white, the white ring being nearer the
top than the bottom ; tips of four anterior tarsi and the hinder pair fuscous ; the greater
part of the hinder metatarsus white ; spurs white ; basal third of abdomen white, except
a blackish mark at extreme base ; at the apex this white portion is rounded, and at its
junction with the black colour passes into brown. Mandibles reddish. Antennae about
the length of the body, 1 7-jointed, the seven apical joints thicker than the basal ones.
Head finely punctured, the face covered with white hair. Mesonotum finely punctured.
From the usual transverse ridge at the base of the scutellum there runs a central
straight carina, and outside of this again are two curved outw^ardly, but it is only the
second which reaches the edge of the thorax ; these keels are united by fine cross-bars.
Scutellum smooth, shining on basal half, apical half with longitudinal striations. M eta-
thorax punctured, and with distinct coarse longitudinal striations, truncated at the
apex, and with a minute tooth at each edge. Abdomen about the length of head and
thorax, finely punctured, the punctures almost obsolete on the basal white portion.
The second segment depressed in the centre, and produced at the sides into a leaf-like
ridge, from the inner side of which runs an almost obsolete carina in the direction of
the centre of the segment, but which is not reached. The union (apparent) of the
second with the third segment is indicated by a fine transverse line. Wings hyaline,
stigma, radial and cubital nervures fuscous ; other nervures pale testaceous. (Cameron.)
Hab. Oahu. Various localities (Cameron). — Kauai : a single ? taken by Mr
Perkins.
Phanerotoma Wesmael
1838. Phanej^oioma Wesmael, Nouv. Mem. Ac. Sc. Bruxelles, xi. p. 165.
(i) Phanerotoma haivaiiensis, sp. nov.
^. Length 2*6 mm. Brownish-yellow ; the eyes, ocelli, a spot in the depression
on each side of the postscutellum, a band across base of the metanotum, interrupted
medially, a narrow lateral stripe on first abdominal segment, subobsolete towards apex,
and a broad lateral band on the second and third segments, black. Wings hyaline,
the costae brown, the stigma and internal veins paler ; the second cubital cell is tri-
angular, the radius having only two abscissae, the first abscissa being almost perpen-
dicular, forming with the second almost a right angle, and being interstitial, or very
nearly, with the second transverse cubitus.
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 361
The species is easily recognized from all of the described forms known to me
by the peculiarity of the radius, all the other species having three abscissae.
Type. No. 5554, U. S. N. M.
Hab. Hawaii.
Described from a single specimen received from Mr Albert Koebele.
Subfamily X, AGATHIDINAE,
Tribe II. MICRO DINT.
MicRODUS Nees.
18 18. Microdus Nees, Act Ac. Leop. Car., ix. p. 304.
(i) Microdus haivaiicola, sp. nov.
?. Length 3 to 4 mm. ; ovipositor fully as long as the body. Polished black,
with the metathorax rugoso-punctate, the first segment of the abdomen being longi-
tudinally striate, the second with a few striae only, a litde beyond its middle ; the first
two joints of the antennae, the clypeus, the cheeks, the mandibles, the legs, except
as noted below, and ventral abdominal segments i to 4, honey-yellow, or brownish-
yellow ; the palpi, tegulae, trochanters, more or less, and a narrow annulus at base of
tibiae, yellowish-white ; the hind coxae, except at apex, are black ; the middle femora
and hind tibiae and tarsi are brown or fuscous, while the hind femora vary from dark
fuscous to black. Wings subhyaline ; the stigma and the veins, except toward the
base of the wings, are brown, the areolet being small, triangular and longly petiolate,
the second discoidal cell being open at apex.
The abdomen is black; the ventral segments i to 4 pale, the third and beyond,
usually with dusky spots, while the extreme lateral margins of the second segment are
yellowish-white.
Type. Cat. No. 5555, U. S. N. M.
Hab. Hawaii (A. Koebele). — Kauai : Makaweli (2000 feet), in June.
The specimens from Mr Koebele are in the U. S. National Museum. The species
is supposed to be parasitic on a Tinea larva.
Subfamily XII. MICROGASTERINAE,
Protapanteles Ashmead.
1898. Protapanteles Ashmedid, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., iv. p. 166.
362 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
(i) Protapanteles haivaiiensisy sp. nov.
$. Length 3 mm. Black ; palpi, tegulae, except two or three obscure points,
and the tibial spurs, white or yellowish white; mandibles and legs, except coxae and
the hind femora tibiae and tarsi, ferruginous ; coxae black, the hind femora, tibiae and
tarsi embrowned ; antennae brown-black, the scape distinctly black. The head in front
and on vertex is finely punctate, the face being without a median ridge, while the
occiput is smooth impunctate. The thorax above and beneath is closely punctate,
subopaque, the scutellum polished, with a few sparse punctures, the metathorax rugoso-
punctate, without a ridge or an areolet, the basal angle of the metapleura polished and
with a deep fovea. Wings hyaline, the stigma, costae and first branch of the radius
brown, the other veins pallid. Abdomen oblong-oval, scarcely longer than the thorax
and ending in a prominent ovipositor almost the length of the abdomen ; the first
segment and the basal third of the second sculptured, rest of the abdomen smooth and
shining, the lateral membraneous margins of the first dorsal segment, and ventral
segments i and 2, testaceous.
Type. Cat. No. 5556, U. S. N. M.
Hab. Hawaii. Described from one % specimen, received from Mr Albert Koebele.
Subfamily XVI. RHOGADINAE.
Tribe IV. DORYCTINL
IscHiOGONus Wesmael.
1838. Ischiogonus W^sm2i^\, Nouv. Mem. Ac. Sc. Brux, ix. p. 125.
( I ) Ischiogonus palliahis Cameron.
1881. Monolexis? palliattis Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc London, p. 560. — 1898.
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., iv. p. 235.
%, Length 3 to 3*4 mm. Head cubical, shaped as in Spathius. Antennae '^2-
jointed, the joints of almost equal thickness throughout, the first joint of flagellum one
fourth longer than second. Wings with two cubital cellules. Anterior discoidal cellule
petiolate, hinder discoidal cellule open, recurrent nervure interstitiate, Neuration of
posterior wings as in Spathms, Fore and hinder tarsi much longer than their tibiae ;
middle tarsi scarcely longer than tibiae. Abdomen subsessile ; first and second seg-
ments separated by a deep transverse furrow, widest in the middle, where it projects
behind ; second segment shorter than first ; the rest shorter, subequal Ovipositor a
little shorter than the abdomen. Pallid testaceous, a longish spot on vertex, one behind
HYMENOPTERA PARASITICA 363
the eyes ; the greater part of the lateral lobes of mesonotum and of pleurae and
abdomen fuscous ; the metanotum, metapleurae, and basal third of the abdomen dark
testaceous. Legs white, a line on hinder femora, base of hinder tibiae, a broad line
in middle and base of tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa testaceous ; stigma fuscous,
paler at base. Antennae longer than the body, fuscous at apex, and the other joints
have a fuscous ring at apex. Head and mesonotum smooth, shining, impunctate ; the
head with a few longish scattered hairs ; metanotum with an indistinct central carina,
which bifurcates towards the middle of metanotum in two branches, which turn to the
side ; hinder half of metanotum slighdy rugose, and sparsely covered with white hairs.
The first and second abdominal segments are coarsely constricted longitudinally ; on
the extreme edge of first is a distinct keel, and from the base there run two central
keels, which get lost in the striations in the middle of the segment ; the basal half of
the space eaclosed by 'these keels is smooth, shining, not striated. The rest of the
abdomen is smooth, shining, impunctate. The male has the antennae longer (distinctly
longer than the body), the metanotum and base of abdomen darker ; the fuscous ring
on hinder tibiae is shorter, and the tarsi have only the apical joints fuscous. (Cameron.)
Hab.' Oahu : Honolulu.
Subfamily XVII. SPATHIINAE,
Tribe I. PAMBOLINL
EcpHYLOPSis Ashmead.
1900. Ecphylopsis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., xxiii. p. 146.
(i) Ecphylopsis nigral sp, nov.
(Plate IX. fig. 6, ?.)
$. Length i'5 to 16 mm. Apterous, or at most with small, scale-like wing pads ;
ovipositor prominent, hardly half the length of the abdomen. Black ; the pedicel of
antennae, at apex, the trochanters more or less, a small spot at base of all tibiae,
sometimes wanting on hind pair, tibial spurs and joints i to 4 of all tarsi, except
sometimes the last, testaceous. Head and abdomen, except first segment, shining,
impunctate ; thorax and first segment of abdomen shagreened or closely punctate. The
head is quadrate, wider than the thorax ; the antennae are i6-jointed, longer than the
body, with flagellar joints i and 2 about equal, very little longer than the following,
the following subequal. The thorax is considerably narrower than the head, somewhat
364 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS
narrowed anteriorly and about three and a half times as long as wide, the pronotum
being longer than half the length of the mesonotum. The abdomen is oblong-oval,
very nearly as long as the head and thorax united, and fully twice as wide as the
thorax at its widest part, with six distinct segments, the second segment very slightly
longer than the first, the following short, subequal, the third, fourth and fifth united
scarcely longer than the second.
Hab. Kauai : Mt Waimea (4000 feet), in June. — Hawaii : Kona (4000 feet),
in June.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VIII. (VOL. I.)
Fig.
I.
Sierola molokaiensis $.
Fig.
2.
Gonatopus Perkinsi ? .
Fig.
3-
Zacranium oahuense $ .
Fig.
4.
Platymischoides molokaiensis $
Fig.
5-
Hypodiranchis hawaiiensis ? .
Fig.
6.
Toxeuma tarsata 9 •
Fig.
7.
Neolelaps hawaiiensis 9 .
Fig. 8. Mewlelaps cyaneiventris ? .
FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS.
VOL.1. PLATE YIIL
EdiA^in WjIson,Jiib. Cawbrniiic
Aslmiead, Hymenoptera Parasitica.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IX. (VOL. I.)
Fig.
I.
Pkuronenrophion hawaiiensis ?
Fig.
2.
Athyreodon hawaiiensis $.
Fig.
3-
Banchogastra nigra ? .
Fig.
4.
Pycnophion molokaiensis 9 .
Fig.
5-
AtrometiiS hawaiiensis 9 .
Fig.
6.
Ecphylopsis nigra $ .
FAUNA HAWAHRNSIS.
VOL.i.PLATKIX.
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