A Latin reader : consisting of selections from Phaedrus, Caesar, Curtius, Nepos, Sallust, Ovid, Virgil, Plautus, Terence, Cicero, Pliny, and Tacitus, with copious notes and vocabulary

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LATIN READER?

CONSISTING OF SELECTIONS FROM

PHZEDRUS, CZESAR, CURTIUS, NEPOS, SALLUST, OVID,

VIRGIL, PLAUTUS, TERENCE, CICERO,
PLINY, AND TACITUS.

READER. — Page 271, note to line 33, add Quaeque, and what?

286, note to line 114, read S 4, r., 6.

?*

VocaB. — Page 177, under sortior, add possess,

» 178, ,, Ssportula, add oa/lowance.

» 188, .,, sufflamen, read inis,

CAMBEIDGE, MASS»

Lx

$ PON
Librar.
Of. Califorrit-

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY EDWIN GINN.
CHICAGO: FRED B. GINN.
1869.

S:LATIN READER?

PHJEDRUS, CJESAR, CURTIUS, NEPOS, SALLUST, OVID,
VIRGIL, PLAUTUS, TERENCE, CICERO,
PLINY, AND TACITUS.

QQX(t9 (Lopíous Notes ano Yorabulatv.

PREPARED BY

WILLIAM F. ALLEN, A.M.,

PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT LANGUAGES AND HISTORY IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN;

AND

JOSEPH H. ALLEN,

CAMBRIDGE, MASS,

BOSTON: Of Canfornit-

PUBLISHED BY EDWIN GINN.
CHICAGO: FRED B. GINN.
1869.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by

J. H. AND W. F. ALLEN,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for
the District of Massachusetts.

CAMBRIDGE :
PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND $ON.

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Ovn first object in the preparation of this Reader, has
been to furnish for beginners a sufficient amount of the
easiest and most interesting reading-matter to be found
in purely classical writers. We have considered that,
after a few month's careful training in the elements of
the tongue, — for which the * Lessons," published last
- winter, were specially designed, — a good deal of time
may best be devoted to mere translation, with the ob-
ject of praetising what has been already .learned,
rather than of acquiring a greater mass of purely theo-
retieal knowledge; giving the most careful attention
to accuracy, but leaving the nieer points of grammar
for later study, except an occasional parsing lesson
be had, so as to keep the learner in practice and the
memory fresh. For the sake, however, of teachers
who may prefer to use this as a drill-book, and of classes
that may have no more extended course of Latin study
in view, we have given copious references to the Gram-
mar, covering nearly every point after the paradigms
of verbs; in general, referring to each principle of
syntax once, and only once, or, if à second time, then
simply as the best way of giving help in a difficult
passage.

vi PREFACE.

In order to facilitate, in some degree, ihe familiar
aequisition of so diffieult a language as Latin, we have
employed in this book those helps to the eye of accents
and * digraphs," which the eustom of three centuries has
sanctioned, and whieh even the practised reader will
not always disdain. In the Grammar and Lessons,
whieh are supposed to be studied under the constant
direction of the teacher, we preferred to dispense with
these aids, that so the pupil, at the cost of a little more
pains at starting, might be prepared to take up what-
ever edition of the elassies might come to his hand; :
for the special uses of this volume, we think they will
be found serviceable. Ín orthography, we have on
principle admitted eonsiderable freedom as to points
which may be regarded as still unsettled; in general
keeping to the best recent authorities, but aiming to
habituate the eye of the student to those varieties of
spelling he is likely to meet in a variety of authors and
editions. |

For the sake of those schools and elasses to which
the Reader comprises, practically, all the Latin ever
expected to be learned, we have desired that this vol-
ume might enlarge and not belittle the notion of what
a classie language and literature mean. The best
justification of classical study, after all, is not its
value as a mere means of mental discipline, for which
modern and scientifie methods are to so large an ex-
tent coming to take its place; but that it combines
that discipline with some guiding of the mind towards
the higher interpretation of history, and the deeper
lessons of human life. With this view, every first-
class name in Roman literature, excepting Livy and
Horace, is represented in this collection ; and special
care has been taken, both in text and notes, to make

PREFACE. vii

it à help towards a clear view of the course of Roman
empire, at its most critical periods, from Scipio down
to Trajan. Nor will it be held void of interest, that we
have given, from "Tacitus, Pliny and Suetonius, every
notice to be found in classical antiquity of the early
Christians ; while, in Virgil's * Pollio," and Cicero's
eorrespondenee with his friend Sulpicius, is afforded
some hint of the level which the most cultivated Pagan
thought had attained on religious themes.

While the reading most in vogue for beginners has
of late presented Latin chiefly in its rhetorical compo-
sition and literary dialect, we have sought, by familiar
letters and dramatic dialogue, to show it as a living
tongue dealing with real things. The drollery and
fun of Plautus, the graver humor of Terence, the easy
and cheerful courtesy of Pliny's letters, the downright
hard-hitting of Marius's speech before the people, seem
to us a most desirable substitute for the weary and
dreary narrative of the * Gallic War," as most boys
find it. And while, in the case of Cicero, a vein of
insincerity runs through most of his formal writings,
even in his philosophical dialogues, where he tries to per-
suade himself that he is a single-minded searcher for
truth, his letters bring us into an other atmosphere.
His fond, domestic feeling, the despair of his exile, his
frank pride in his public weleome back, and his heavy
heart refusing to be comforted after his daughter's

- death, show him in a more genuine and manlier way

than the elaborate false pleading of the ** Milo," or the
polished hollow compliment of the ** Marcellus."

In the preparation of the text and notes, we have
had in mind the needs of young students, not of ma-
ture scholars; following the best editions within our
reach, and carefully comparing the more important

viii PREFACE.

various readings, while making no pretensions to criti-
cal editing of our own.* We have aimed, in the notes,
not to depart from the immediate needs of the boy or
girl of fifteen, for whose use this volume is especially
designed; desiring to help the student do his work,
not to do his work for him ; seldom. translating a pas-
sage, but preferring to call his attention to the princi-
ple of construetion involved, and then leave it for
him to make ont the meaning for himself; consulting
freely the great historians, chiefly Grote, Mommsen,
and Merivale, but forbearing to load the page with
masses of mere information, however interesting.

In preparing the Vocabulary, we have thought best,
for many reasons, to make its range broad enough to
cover the whole body of classical Roman literàture,
rather than any single selection of authors. For this
object it has been read twice with every article in
Andrews's large Lexicon, and most of it, besides, with
the much more copious one of White and Riddle. "To
bring it within the compass of two hundred pages has
required, besides the careful packing of each page and
line, very large omissions. ln particular, many classes
of derivations and eompounds, occurring rarely, or
else quite obvious in their meaning; numerous words
used in a purely technical sense by legists, eramma-
rians, and naturalists; words of late or doubtful

* Besides numerous American school editións, we have chiefly used
for Phaedrus, Raschig and Siebelis; for Cesar, Doberenz; for Cur-
tius, Zumpt, whose critical edition we have mainly followed ; for Sal-
lust, Jacobs and Long; for Ovid, Haupt in the Metamorphoses,
Ramsay, Paley and Siebelis in the Fasti; for Virgil, Ladewig ; for
Cicero's Epistles, Frey, Hofmann, Hoffa, and Abeken (Merivale's
version) ; for Tacitus, Nipperdey and Ritter. In a few cases we have
referred [** Hb."] to the ** Handbook of Classical Geography, &c., pre-
paved by T. P. and W. F. Allen."

PREFACE. ix

authority, or else mere archsological curiosities ; to-
gether with a few terms or meanings rejected on the
score of decency, have been freely omitted. With
this qualifieation, we think that the learner who has
been taught so much of derivative forms and combina-
tions as we have given here on a single page, need
never be at a loss for the meaning or inflection of
any word he is likely to meet in any classical. author
from Plautus to Tacitus; while this Vocabulary will
be found peculiarly rich in terms of common life. It
includes about 15,000 words, with the addition of
about 1,300 proper names or adjectives and more than
200 dates, carefully selected, so as to make a conven-
ient manual of reference, both as to the main points
of ancient history (including numerous matters of
Roman antiquities and polities), and as to those my-
thological allusions, which may be called the common
Stock of classical tradition. In this way, we have
aimed to keep before the learner's eye some hint of
the wealth and variety in diction of the language he is
studying ; while his judgment in the use of it will be
better trained than by servile reliance on a mere list
.of words, however copious and redundant, prepared
for his present convenience only.

The three volumes now before the publie contain
what may be regarded as a complete and sufficient
course of Latin study for those who desire only a gen-
eral acquaintance with the language ; and more partic-
"ularly designed for those classes in Academies and
High or Normal schools, which may be presumed able
to give only one or two years to classical study. To
such, it will be a tolerably full course of reading in it-
self ; and, to others, a sufficient preparation for the many
excellent editions of standard authors in current use.

X PREFACE.

For the aid of those who desire a more critical ac-
quaintance with the language, and a more intimate
knowledge, from original sources, of the most eventful
period of Roman history, we have in preparation a
Manual of Latin Composition, which may be looked for
within à year, and an edition of Cssar's Civil War,
to be amply illustrated from the history and writings
of his own time.

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.
August, 1869;

LAIINBAAJDE.X.

I.
FABLES OF PHZEDRUS.

—$9——

L De Vulpe et Uvd.

Famé coacta vülpes altá in vineá
Uvam áppetebat sámmis saliens víribus.
Quam tángere ut non pótuit, discedéns ait:
* Nondüm matura est, nólo acerbam sümere."
Qui fácere quz non póssunt verbis élevant,
Adscríbere hoc debébunt exemplüm sibi.

1n. Vulbes et Hircus.

Homo fn periclum símul ac venit cállidus,
Reperíre effugium álterius quzrít málo.
Cüm décidisset válpes in puteum ínscia,
Et áltiore claáderetur márgine,
Devénit hircus sítiens in eundém locum -
Simiül rogavit, ésset an dulcís liquor
Et cópiosus? Illa fraudem móliens:
^ Descénde, amice; tánta bonitas ést aqux,
Volüptas ut satiári non possít mea."
Immfísit se barbátus. "Tum vulpécula
Evásit puteo, níxa celsis córnibus,
Hircámque clauso líquit herentém vado.

IO

2 LATIN READER.

nr ZLapus et Agnus.

Ad rívum eundem lüpus et agnus vénerant,
Sití compulsi. Süperior stabát lupus |
Longéque inferior ágnus. "Tunc fauce ímprobá
Latro íncitatus, járgii causam íntulit;

** Cur," ínquit, ** turbuléntam fecistí mihi

Aquám bibenti?" Lániger contrá timens:

** Qui póssum, quzso, fácere quod quererís, lupe?
A té decurrit ád meos haustüs liquor."

Repülsus ille véritatis víribus, |

* Ante hós sex menses mále;" ait, ** dixistí mihi."
Respóndit agnus: ** Equidem natus nón eram."
** Pater hércule tuus," ínquit, ** male dixít mihi
Atque fta correptum lácerat injustáà nece."

Hzc própter illos scrípta est homines fábula,
Qui fíctis causis fnnocentes ópprimunt.

IV. Vzjfera et Lima.

Mordáciorem qui fmprobo dente ádpetit,
Hoc árgumento sé describi séntiat.
In ófficinam fábri venit vípera.
Hsec, cüm tentaret, sí qua res essét cibi,
Limám momordit. Illa contra cóntumax,
** Quid me," ínquit, ** stulta, dénte captas lzedere,
Omne ádsuévi férrum quz corródere ? "

v. Canis et Crocodzlus.

" Consília qui dant práva cautis hóminibus,
Et pérdunt operam et déridentur türpiter.

Canés currentes bíbere in Nilo flümine,
A. córcodilis né rapiantur, tráditum est.
Igitár cüm currens bíbere ccpissét canis,

IO

15

FABLES OF PHZEDRUS. 3

Sic córcodilus: ** Quám libet lambe ótio,
Nolí vereri." At ílle: * Facerem me hércule,
Nisi ésse scirem cárnis te cupidám mez."

vl. Juli et Latrones.

Mulí gravati sárcinis ibánt duo:
Unus ferebat físcos cum pecüniá ;
Altér tumentes mülto saccos hórdeo.
Ille, ónere dives, célsa cervice éminet,
Clarámque collo jáctat tintinnábulum ; 5
Comés quieto séquitur et placidó gradu.
Subitó latrones éx insidiis ádvolant,
Intérque czedem férro mulum saüciant :
Dirípiunt nummos, négligunt vile hórdeum.
Spoliátus igitur cásus cüm flerét suos, IO
« Equidem," ínquit alter, * mé contemptum gaudeo;
Nam níhil amisi, néc sum lzesus vulnere."
Hoc árgumento tta est hominum ténuitas:
Magna periclo sánt opes obnóxiz.

vii. Calvus et M»usca.

Calví momordit misca nudatüm caput;

Quam opprímere captans álapam sibi duxft gravem,

Tunc ílla irridens: ** Pánctum volucris párvule

Voluísti morte ulcísci: quid faciés tibi,

Injárize qui addíderis contuméliam ? " 5

Respóndit: ** Mecum fácile redeo in grátiam,

Quia nón fuisse méntem lzedendí scio ;

Sed té, contempti géneris animal fmprobum,

Quze délectaris bíbere humanum sánguinem,

Optém necare vél majore incómmodo." IO
Hoc árgumentum véniam ei darí docet,

Qui cásu peccat. mNám qui consilio ést nocens,

Illum ésse quávis dígnum pcená jádico.

4 LATIN. READER.

viu. Zomo et Colubra.

Qui fért malis auxílium, post tempus dolet.

Gelü rigentem quídam colubram süstulit.
Sinüque fovit, cóntra se ipse mísericors ;
Namque üt refecta est, nécuit hominem prótinus.
Hanc ália cüm rogáret causam fácinoris,
Respóndit: ** Ne quis díscat prodesse improbis."

IX, Aszzus ad Senem Pastorem.

In príncipatu cómmutando cívium
Nil preter domini nómen mutant paüperes.
Id ésse verum, párva hzc fabella índicat.
Aséllum in prato tímidus pascebát senex.
Is, hóstium clamóre subito térritus,
Suadébat asino fügere, ne possént capi.
At flle lentus: ** Quaeso, num binás mihi
Clitéllas impositürum victorém putas? "
Senéx negavit. *' Ergo quid refért meá,
Cui sérviam? clitéllas dum portém meas."

x. Lufus et Grais.

Qui prétium meriti ab fmprobis desíderat,:
Bis péccat: primum quóniam indignos ádjuvat ;
Impiüne abire deínde quia jam nón potest.

Os dévoratum faüce cüm hzrerét lupi,
Magnó dolore víctus coepit síngulos
Illícere pretio, ut íllud extraherént malum.
Tandém persuasa est jürejurandó gruis,
Guleque credens cólli longitüdinem,
Perículosam fécit medicinám lupo.

Pro quó cüm pactum flágitaret premium :
* [Ingráta es," inquit, ** óre quz nostró caput
Incólume abstuleris, ét mercedem póstules."

IO

IO

FABLES OF PHZEDRUS. 5

XI. Socrates ad Aszcos.

Vulgáre amici nómen, sed rara ést fides.
Cüm párvas sedes síbi fundásset Sócrates,
(Cujás non fugio mórtem, si famam ádsequar,
Et cédo invidie, dámmodo absolvár cinis)
E pópulo sic, nescío quis, ut fierí solet: 5
** Quaesó tam angustam, tális vir, ponífs domum?"
** Utinam," fnquit, ** veris hánc amicis fmpleam ! "

xl. Gubernator et Nauta.

Cüm dé fortunis quídam quereretür suis ;
ZEsópus finxit cónsolandi grátiá :

Vexáta saevis návis tempestátibus,
Intér vectorum lácrimas et mortís metum,
Faciem ád serenam sübito ut mutatür dies, 5
Ferrí secundis táta ccpit flátibus,
Nimiáque nautas hílaritate extóllere.
Factüs periclo tám gubernatór sophus:
* Parcé gaudere opórtet, et sensím queri,
Totám quia vitam míscet dolor et gaádium." IO

xiu. zZesofus et Petulans.

Succéssus ad perníciem multos dévocat.

ZEsópo quidam pétulans lapidem ímpegerat.
** 'anto," fnquit, * melior!" . Assem deinde illí dedit,
Sic prósecutus: ** Plás non habeo mehércule,
Sed unde accipere póssis, monstrabó tibi." 5
Venit écce dives ét potens; huic símiliter
* Impínge lapidem, et dígnum accipies praemium."
Persuásus ille fécit, quod monitis fuit :
Sed spés fefellit fmpudentem audáciam:
Comprénsus namque poénas persolvít crucc. IO:

6 LATIN READER.

xiV. Ztaza Ruta et Dos.

Inóps, potentem düm vult imitarí, perit.
In práto quondam rána conspexít bovem,
Et, tácta invidiá tántze magnitüdinis,
Rugósam inflavit péllem. .'T'um natós suos
Intérrogavit, án bove esset látior?
Ilí negarunt. Rürsus intendít cutem
Majóre nisu; et símili quzsivít modo,
* Quis májor esset?" Illi dixerünt, bovem.
Novíssime indignáta, dum vult válidius
Infláre sese, rüpto jacuit córpore.

xv. Atanc Rerem Petentes.

Athénz cüm florérent zequis légibus,
Procáx libertas cívitatem míscuit,
Frenümque solvit prístinum licéntia.
Hinc cónspiratis fáctionum pártibus,
Arcém tyrannus óccupat Pisístratus.
Cüm trístem servitüátem flerent Attici,
Non quía crudelis flle, sed quoniám grave
Omne ínsuétis ónus, et copissént queri :
ZEsópus talem tüm fabellam réttulit :

Ranz, vagantes lfberis palüdibus,
Clamóre magno régem petiére á Jove,
Qui díssolutos móres vi compésceret.
Patér deorum rísit, atque illís dedit
Parvüm tigillum, míssum quod subitó vadis
Motü sonoque térruit pavidüm genus.
Hoc mérsum limo cüm lateret díutius,
Forte üána tacite prófert e stagnó caput,
Et éxplorato rége cunctas évocat.

Ille, timore pósito, certatim ádnatant,
Lignümque supra türba petulans ínsilit.
Quod cüm ínquinássent ómni contuméliá,

IO

IO

I5

20

FABLES OF PHZEDRUS.

Aliám rogantes régem misére ád Jovem,
Inátilis quoniam ésset, qui fuerát datus.
Tum mfísit illis hydrum, qui dente áspero
Corrípere cepit síngulas. Frustrá necem
Fugitánt inertes: vócem pracludít metus.

Furtim ígitur dant Mercürio mandata ád Jovem,

Afflíctis ut succürrat. "Tunc contrá deus :

* Quia nóluistis véstrum ferre," inquit, ** bonum,

Malüm perferte." V ós quoque, o civés, ait,
Hoc süstinete, május ne veniát, malum.

XxVI. .Scurra.et Rustzcus.

' Pravó favore lábi mortalés solent,

Et, pró judicio düm stant errortís sui,

Ad poenitendum rébus manifestís agi.

Factárus ludos quídam dives nóbiles

Propósito cunctos fnvitavit pramio,

Quam quísque posset, üt novitatem osténderet.
Venére artifices laádis ad certámina :

Quos ínter scurra, nótus urbanó sale,
Habére dixit sé genus spectáculi,

Quod ín theatro námquam prolatüm foret.
Dispérsus rumor cívitatem cóncitat.

Paullo ánte vacua türbam deficiünt loca.

In scéná vero póstquam solus cónstitit,

Sine ápparatu, nüllis adjutóribus,

Siléntium ipsa fécit exspectátio.

Ille ín sinum repénte dimisít caput,

Et síc porcelli vócem est imitatüs suá,
Verum üt subesse pállio conténderent,

Et éxcuti jubérent. Quo factó, simul

Nihil ést repertum, mültis onerant laüdibus,
Hominémque plausu prósequuntur máximo.
Hoc vídit fieri rásticus. * Non mehércule
Me víncet" inquit: ét statim proféssus est,

25

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20

8 LATIN READER.

Idém facturum méliüs se postridie.

Fit tárba major. Jám favor mentés tenet,
Et dérisuri, nón spectaturí, sedent.

Utérque prodit. Scürra degrunnít prior,

Movétque plausus, ét clamores süscitat.
Tunc símulans sese véstimentis rüsticus
Porcéllum obtegere (quód faciebat scílicet,

.Sed, ín priore quía nil compereránt, latens),

Pervéllit aurem véró, quem celáverat,

Et cám dolore vócem naturz éxprimit.

Acclámat populus, scárram multo símilius

Imitátum, et cogit, rásticum trudí foras.

At flle profert psum porcellum é sinu,

Turpémque aperto pígnore errorém probans:
* En! híc declarat, quáles sítis jdices ! "

xvi. Cervus et Doves.

Cervüs nemorosis éxcitatus látibulis,
Ut vénatorum fügeret instantém necem,
Caecó timore próximam villám petit,
Et ópportuno sé bovili cóndidit.
Hic bós latenti: ** Quídnam voluistf tibi,
Infélix, ultro qui ád necem cucürreris,
Hominümque tecto spfritum commíseris ? "
At ílle supplex: ** Vós modo," fnquit, **.párcite :
Occásione rürsus erumpám datá."
Spatiüm diei nóctis excipiünt vices.
Frondém bubulcus ádfert, nec ideó videt.
Eünt subinde et rédeunt omnes rüstici,
Nemo ánimadvertit; tránsit etiam víllicus,
Nec ílle quidquam séntit. "Tum gaudéns ferus
Bubüs quietis ágere coepit grátias,
Hospítium adverso quód prestiterint témpore.
Respóndit unus: ** Sálvum te cupimüs quidem ;
Sed ílle, qui oculos céntum habet, si vénerit,

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35

IO

2

FABLES OF PHZEDRUS.

Magno ín periclo víta vertetür tua."
Hec ínter ipse dóminus a cená redit ;
Et, quía corruptos víderat nupér boves,
Accédit ad prasépe: ** Cur frondís parum est?
Straménta desunt. "Tóllere hzc aránea,
Quantum ést laboris?" — Düm scrutatur síngula,
Cerví quoque alta cónspicatur córnua ;
Quem cónvocatàá jübet occidi fámiliá,
Praedámque tollit.

Hzc significat fábula,
Dominiüm videre plárimum in rebüs suis.

xvn. Jas Ürbamuset Rusticus.

Hospítio quondam müs urbanus rüstici
Excéptus vili glánde cenat ín cavo.
Indüáxit precibus póst ut urbem rüsticus
Cellámque intraret plénam rebus óptimis.
In quà dum variis pérfruuntur réliquiis,
Impülso venit óstio cellárius.

Quo müres strepitu diffugiunt pertérriti,
Et nótis facile urbánus se condít cávis ;
At míser ignotá trépidans rusticás domo
Timénsque mortem, pér parietes cürsitat.
Ut quz volebat sástulit cellárius,
Clausítque limen, ífterum urbanus rüsticum
Hortátur; ille pérturbatis sénsibus,

** Vix," fnquit, * possum cápere prz metü cibum.

Putásne veniet flle?" ** Quid tantám times?"
Urbánus inquit; **áge fruamur férculis,
Quae frástra rure quaeras." Contra rüsticus :
** 'Tu quí timere néscis fruere his ómnibus;
At mé securum páscat gláns et líberum."
In paüpertate tátum prestat vívere,
Quàm dívitiarum cárpi solitádine.

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xix. JVaufragzum Simonidis.

Homo dóctus in se sémper divitiás habet.
Simónides, qui scrípsit egregiám melos,
Quo páupertatem süstineret fáciliüs, |

Circuíre coepit üárbes Asiz nóbiles,

Mercéde acceptá laádem victorüm canens,

Hoc génere quzestüs póstquam locuples fáctus est,
Redíre in patriam vóluit cursu pélagio ;

Erat áutem natus, ut áiunt, in Ceá ínsulá.
Adscéndit navem : quám tempestas hórrida
Simul ét vetustas médio dissolvít mari.

Hi zónas, illi rés pretiosas cólligunt,

Subsídium vitz. Quídam curiósior:

** Simónide, tu ex ópibus nil sumís tuis? "

* Mecum," ínquit, ** mea sunt cáncta." "Tunc pauci

énatant,
Quia plüres onere dégravati périerant.
Praedónes adsunt, rápiunt quod quisque éxtulit,
Nudós relinquunt. Fórte Clazomenaí prope
Antíqua fuit urbs, quam pétierunt naüfragi.
Hic lítterarum quídam studio déditus,
Simónidis qui sape versus légerat,
Erátque absentis ádmirator máximus,
Sermóne ab ipso cógnitum cupidíssime
Ad sé recepit; véste, nummis, fámiliá
Hominem éxornavit. Céteri tabulám suam
Portánt, rogantes víctum. | Quos casu óbvios
Simónides ut vídit: ** Dixi," inquít, * mea
Mecum ésse cuncta ; vós quod rapuistis, perit."

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II.
JULIUS CAESAR.

—À 95

I. PZrst Jnvaston of. Britain.

(B.C. 55.)

[FnRoM CasAn's GarLLiCc Wan: Book IV. Chapters 20-36.]

Exiguà parte zstatis reliquà Caesar, etsi in his
locis, quód omnis Gallia ad septemtriones vergit,
matura sunt hiemes, tamen in Britanniam profi-
cisci contendit, quód omnibus fere Gallicis bellis
hostibus nostris inde subministrata auxilia intellige-
bat, et si tempus anni ad bellum gerendum deficeret,
tamen magno sibi usui fore arbitrabatur si modo in-
sulam adisset et genus hominum perspexisset, loca,
portus, aditus cognovisset; quae omnia fere Gallis
erant incognita. Neque enim temeré praeter merca-
tores illó adit quisquam, neque his ipsis quidquam
preter oram maritimam atque eas regiones qua sunt -
contra Gallias notum est. Itaque vocatis ad se un-
dique mercatoribus, neque quanta esset insule mag-
nitudo, neque qua. aut quanta nationes incolerent,
neque quem usum belli haberent aut quibus institutis
uterentur, neque qui essent ad majorum navium
multitudinem idonei portus, reperire poterat. ,

Ad haec cognoscenda, priüsquam periculum face-
ret, idoneum esse arbitratus C. Volusenum cum navi
longà praemittit. Huic mandat uti exploratis omni-
bus rebus ad se quàm primüm revertatur. Ipse cum

I2 LATIN READER.

omnibus copiis in Morinos proficiscitur, quód inde
erat brevissimus in Britanniam trajectus. Huc na-
ves undique ex finitimis regionibus, et quam superi-
ore sastate ad Veneticum bellum effecerat classem,
jubet convenire. Interim consilio ejus cognito, et
per mercatores perlato ad Britannos, a compluribus
insulz civitatibus ad eum legati veniunt, qui pollice-
antur obsides dare atque imperio populi Romani
obtemperare. Quibus auditis, liberaliter pollicitus
hortatusque ut in eà sententià permanerent, eos do-
mum remittit, et cum iis unà Commium, quem ipse
Atrebatibus superatis regem ibi constituerat, cujus
et virtutem et consilium probabat, et quem sibi fide-
lem esse arbitrabatur, cujusque auctoritas in his
regionibus magni habebatur, mittit. Huic imperat
quas possit adeat civitates, horteturque ut populi
Romani fidem sequantur, seque celeriter eó ventu-
rum nuntiet. | Volusenus perspectis regionibus
omnibus quantum ei facultas dari potuit, qui navi
egredi ac se barbaris committere non auderet, quin-
to die ad Caesarem revertitur ,quaeque ibi perspexis-
set renuntiat. . . .

His constitutis rebus, nactus idoneam ad navigan-
dum tempestatem, tertià feré vigilià solvit, equites-
que in ulteriorem. portum progredi et naves con-
scendere et se sequi jussit. .À quibus cüm paulo
tardius esset administratum, ipse horà circiter diei
quartà cum primis navibus Britanniam attigit, atque
ibi in omnibus collibus expositas hostium copias ar-
matas conspexit. Cujus loci haec erat natura, atque
ita montibus angustis mare continebatur, uti ex locis
superioribus in litus telum adigi posset. Func ad
egrediendum nequáàquam idoneum locum arbitratus,

JULIUS C4ESAR. Ij

dum relique naves eó convenirent, ad horam no-
nam in ancoris exspectavit. Interim legatis tribu-
nisque militum convocatis, et quae ex Voluseno
cognósset et quae fieri vellet ostendit; monuitque (ut
rei militaris ratio, maxime ut maritimae res postula-
rent, ut qua celerem atque instabilem motum
haberent) ad nutum et ad tempus omnes res ab iis
administrarentur. His dimissis, et ventum et aestum
uno tempore nactus secundum, dato signo et sub-
latis ancoris, circiter milia passuum viri ab eo loco
progressus, aperto ac plano litore naves constituit.

At barbari, consilio Romanorum cognito, prz-
misso equitatu et essedariis, quo plerümque genere
in proliis uti consuérunt, reliquis copiis subsecuti
nostros navibus egredi prohibebant. Erat ob has
causas summa difficultas, quód naves propter ma-
gnitudinem nisi in alto constitui non poterant, militi-
bus autem ignotis locis, impeditis manibus, magno
et gravi onere armorum oppressis, simul et de navi-
bus desiliendum et in fluctibus consistendum et cum
hostibus erat pugnandum ; cüm illi aut ex arido aut
paulüm in aquam progressi, omnibus membris expe-
ditis, notissimis locis audacter tela conjicerent, et
equos insuefactos incitarent. Quibus rebus nostri
perterriti, atque hujus omninó generis pugnae impe-
riti, non:eàdem alacritate ac studio quo in pedestri-
bus uti preeliis consuérant utebantur.

Quod ubi Casar animadvertit, naves longas,
quarum et species erat barbaris inusitatior, et motus
ad usum expeditior, paulàm removeri ab onerariis
.mavibus et remis incitari et ad latus apertum hostium
constitui, atque inde fundis, sagittis, tormentis hostes
propelli ac submoveri jussit; quae res magno usui

I4 | LATIN READER.

nostris fuit. Nam et navium figurà et remorum
motu et inusitato genere tormentorum permoti bar-
bari constiterunt, ac paulüm modó pedem retulerunt.
Atque nostris militibus cunctantibus, maxime pro-
pter altitudinem maris, qui decima legionis aquilam
ferebat, contestatus deos ut ea res legioni feliciter
eveniret, " Desilite," inquit, " commilitones, nisi vul-
tis aquilam hostibus prodere: ego certé meum rei
publice atque imperatori officium praestitero."^ Hoc
cüm voce magná dixisset, se ex navi projecit, atque
in hostes aquilam ferre coepit. 'Tum nostri cohortati
inter se, ne tantum dedecus admitteretur, universi
ex navi desiluerunt. Hos item ex proximis primis
navibus cüm conspexissent, subsecuti hostibus ap-
propinquárunt.

Pugnatum est ab utrisque acriter. Nostri tamen,
quód neque ordines servare, neque firmiter insistere,
neque signa subsequi poterant, atque alius alià ex
navi quibuscumque signis occurrerat se aggregabat,
magnopere perturbabantur: hostes vero notis omni-
bus vadis, ubi ex litore aliquos singulares ex navi
egredientes conspexerant, incitatis equis impeditos
adoriebantur, plures paucos circumsistebant, alii ab
latere aperto in universos tela conjiciebant. Quod
cüm animadvertisset Casar, scaphas longarum na-
vium, item speculatoria navigia militibus compleri
jussit, et quos laborantes conspexerat, his subsidia
submittebat. ^Nostri simul in arido constiterunt,
suis omnibus consecutis in hostes impetum fecerunt,
atque eos in fugam dederunt, neque longiüs prose-
qui potuerunt, quód equites cursum tenere atque
insulam capere non potuerant. Hoc unum ad pri-
stinam fortunam Caesari detuit.

JULIUS CZESAR. IS

Hostes proelio superati, simul atque se ex fugáà
receperunt, statim. ad Caesarem legatos de pace
miserunt, obsides daturos quaeque imperásset factu-
ros sese polliciti sunt. Unà cum his legatis Com-
mius Atrebas venit, quem suprà demonstraveram a
Caesare in Britanniam praemissum. Hunc illi e navi
egressum, cüm ad eos oratoris modo Caesaris man-
data deferret, comprehenderant atque in vincula
conjecerant: tum proelio facto remiserunt, et in
petendà pace ejus rei culpam in multitudinem con-
tulerunt, et propter imprudentiam ut ignosceretur
petiverunt. Casar questus, quód cüm ultró in con-
tinentem legatis missis pacem ab se petissent, bellum
sine causà intulissent, ignoscere imprudentiz dixit,
obsidesque imperavit; quorum illi partem statim
dederunt, partem ex longinquioribus locis arcessi-
tam paucis diebus sese daturos dixerunt. Intereà
suos remigrare in agros jusserunt, principesque un-
dique convenire, et se civitatesque suas Caesari com-
mendare coeperunt.

His rebus pace confirmatà, post diem quartum
quàm:est in Britanniam ventum, naves xvi, de
quibus suprà demonstratum est, quae equites sustule-
rant, ex superiore portu leni vento solverunt. Qua
cüm appropinquarent Britannie et ex castris vide-
rentur, tanta tempestas subitó coorta est ut nulla
earum cursum tenere posset, sed ali; eódem unde
erant profectaes referrentur, alie ad inferiorem par-
tem insulae, quae est propiüs solis occasum, magno
sui cüm periculo dejicerentur, necessarió adversà
nocte in altum provecta continentem petierunt.

Eáàdem nocte accidit ut esset luna plena, qui dies
maritimos aestus maximos in Oceano efficere consue-

16 LATIN READER.

vit, nostrisque id erat incognitum. Ita uno tempore
et longas naves, quibus Caesar exercitum transpor-
tandum curaverat, quasque in aridum subduxerat,
asstus complebat, et onerarias quae ad ancoras erant
deligate e tempestas afHictabat, neque ulla nostris
facultas aut administrandi aut auxiliandi dabatur.
Compluribus navibus fractis, reliquae. cüm essent
(funibus ancoris reliquisque armamentis amissis) ad
navigandum inutiles, magna. (id quod necesse erat
accidere) totius exercitus perturbatio facta est.
Neque enim naves erant alite quibus reportari pos-
sent, et omnia deérant qua ad reficiendas naves
erant usui; et quód omnibus constabat hiemari in
Gallià oportere, frumentum his in locis in hiemem
provisum non erat.

Quibus rebus cognitis, principes Britannis, qui
post proelium ad Caesarem convenerant, inter se col-
locuti cüm equites et naves et frumentum Romanis
deésse intelligerent, et paucitatem militum ex castro-
rum exiguitate cognoscerent, qua hóc erant etiam
angustiora quód sine impedimentis Casar legiones
transportaverat, optimum factu esse duxerunt: rebel-
lione factà frumento commeatuque nostros prohibere, :
et rem in hiemem producere ; quód, his superatis aut
reditu interclusis, neminem posteà belli inferendi
causà in Britanniam transiturum confidebant. Ita-
que rursüs conjuratione factà, paulatim ex castris
discedere, ac suos clam ex agris deducere coepe-
runt.

At Caesar, etsi nondum eorum consilia cognove-
rat, tamen et ex eventu navium suarum, et ex eo
quód obsides dare intermiserant, fore id quod accidit
suspicabatur. Itaque ad omnes casus subsidia com-

JULIUS CAESAR. 17

parabat. Nam et frumentum ex agris quotidie in
castra conferebat, et quae gravissime afHicta? erant
nàves, earum materià atque zre ad reliquas reficien-
das utebatur, et quae ad eas res erant usui ex con-
tinenti comportari jubebat. Itaque cüm summo
studio a militibus administraretur, xit navibus amis-
sis, reliquis ut navigari commode posset effecit.

Dum ea geruntur, legione ex consuetudine unà
frumentatum missà, qua? appellabatur septima, ne-
que ullà ad id tempus belli suspicione interposità,
cüm pars hominum in agris remaneret, pars etiam
in castra ventitaret, ii qui pro portis castrorum in
statione erant Caesari nuntiaverunt pulverem majo-
rem quam consuetudo ferret in eà parte videri, quam
in partem legio iter fecisset. Caesar id quod erat
suspicatus, aliquid novi a barbaris initum consilii,
cohortes quae in stationibus erant secum in eam par-
tem proficisci, ex reliquis duas in stationem cohortes
succedere, reliquas armari et confestim sese subse-
qui jussit. Cüm paulo longiüs a castris processisset,
suos ab hostibus premi atque zegré sustinere, et con-
fertà legione ex omnibus partibus tela conjici ani-
madvertit. Nam quód, omni ex reliquis partibus
demesso frumento, pars una erat reliqua, suspicati
hostes huc nostros esse venturos, noctu in silvis de-
lituerant; tum dispersos, depositis armis in metendo
occupatos subito adorti, paucis interfectis, reliquos
incertis ordinibus perturbaverant, simul equitatu at-
que essedis circumdederant.

Genus hoc est essedis pugna: primó per omnes
partes perequitant, et tela conjiciunt, atque ipso ter-
rore equorum et strepitu rotarum ordines plerümque

perturbant, et cüm se inter equitum turmas insinu-
; /

IS LATIN READER.

averunt, ex essedis desiliunt et pedibus proeliantur.
Aurigz interim paulatim ex proelio excedunt, atque
ita currus collocant, ut si illi a multitudine hostium
premantur expeditum ad suos receptum habeant.
Ita mobilitatem equitum, stabilitatem peditum in
preeliis praestant ; ac tantum usu quotidiano et exer-
. citatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac przcipiti loco
incitatos equos sustinere, et brevi moderari ac fle-
ctere et per temonem percurrere, et in jugo insistere
et se inde in currus citissime recipere consuérint.

Quibus rebus, perturbatis nostris novitate pugna,
tempore opportunissimo Caesar auxilium tulit; nam-
que ejus adventu hostes constiterunt, nostri se ex
timore receperunt. Quo facto ad lacessendum et ad
committendum proelium alienum esse tempus arbi-
tratus, suo se loco continuit, et brevi tempore in-
termisso in castra legiones reduxit. Dum hec
geruntur, nostris omnibus occupatis, qui erant in
agris reliqui discesserunt. Secute sunt continuos
compluros dies tempestates, quae et nostros in ca-
stris continerent, et hostem a pugnà prohiberent.
Interim barbari nuntios in omnes partes dimiserunt,
paucitatemque nostrorum militum suis praedicave-
runt, et quanta prada faciendae atque in perpetuum
sui liberandi facultas daretur, si Romanos castris
expulissent, demonstraverunt. His rebus celeriter
magnáà multitudine peditatüs mHopeque coactá, ad
castra venerunt.

Caesar etsi idem quod superioribus diebus accide-
rat fore videbat, ut si essent hostes pulsi, celeritate
periculum effugerent, tamen nactus equites circiter
xxx, quos Commius Atrebas, de quo ante dictum
est, secum transportaverat, legiones in acie pro ca-

JULIUS CZESAR. | I9

stris constituit. Commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum
militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt, ac
terga verterunt. Quos tanto spatio secuti quantum
cursu et viribus efficere potuerunt, complures ex iis
occiderunt; deinde, omnibus longé lateque zedificiis
incensis, se in castra receperunt.

Eodem die legati ab hostibus missi ad Caesarem
de pace venerunt. His Casar numerum obsidum
quem ante imperaverat duplicavit, eosque in conti-
nentem adduci jussit, quód propinquà die seequino-
ctii, infirmis navibus hiemi navigationem subjicien-
dam non existimabat. Ipse idoneam tempestatem
nactus, paulo post mediam noctem naves solvit,
quae omnes incolumes ad continentem pervenerunt ;
sed ex iis onerarize duae eosdem quos reliqui portus
capere non potuerunt, et paulo infrà delata sunt.

2. Second /nvaston of Britain.

(GC. 2)
[Book V. Chapters 8-23.]

His rebus gestis, solis occasu naves solvit,
" et leni Africo provectus, medià circiter nocte vento
intermisso cursum non tenuit; et longiüs dela-
tus zestu, ortà luce sub sinistrà Britanniam relictam
conspexit. 'lum rursus s:stás commutationem secu-
tus, remis contendit ut eam partem insule caperet,
quà optimum esse egressum superiore zestate co-
gnoverat. Quà in re admodum fuit militum virtus
laudanda, qui vectoriis gravibusque navigiis, non
intermisso remigandi labore, longarum navium cur-
sum adsequáàrunt. | Accessum est ad Britanniam
omnibus navibus meridiano fere tempore; neque in

20 LATIN READER.

eo loco hostis est visus, sed ut posteà Cesar ex ca-
ptivis cognovit, cüm magnae manus eó convenissent,
multitudine navium perterritzee, quae ampliüs octin-
gente uno erant visze tempore, a litore discesserant,
ac se in superiora loca abdiderant. .

Casar, exposito exercitu et loco castris idoneo
capto, ubi ex captivis cognovit quo in loco hostium
copie consedissent, cohortibus x ad mare relictis, et
equitibus ccc qui.prassidio navibus essent, de tertià
vigilià ad hostes contendit, eo minüs veritus navibus
quód in litore molli atque aperto deligatas ad anco-
ram relinquebat, et presidio navibus Q. Atrium
praffecit. Ipse, noctu progressus milia passuum cir-
citer xir, hostium copias conspicatus est. llli, equi-
tatu atque essedis ad flumen progressi, ex loco
superiore nostros prohibere et proelium committere
ceperunt. Repulsi ab equitatu, se in silvas abdide-
runt, locum nacti egregie et naturà et opere muni-
tum, quem domestici belli ut videbatur causà jam
ante praparaverant; nam crebris arboribus succisis
omnes introitus erant praclusi. Ipsi ex silvis rari
propugnabant, nostrosque intra munitiones ingredi
prohibebant. At milites legionis vir, testudine factà
et aggere ad munitiones adjecto, locum ceperunt
eosque ex silvis expulerunt, paucis vulneribus accep-
tis. Sed eos fugientes longiüs Caesar prosequi vetuit,
et quód loci naturam ignorabat, et quód magnáà parte
diei consumptà, munitioni castrorum tempus relinqui
volebat.

Postridie ejus diei, mane tripertitó milites equites-
que in expeditionem misit, ut eos qui fugerant per-
sequerentur. His aliquantum itineris progressis,
cüm jam extremi essent in prospectu, equites a Q.

JULIUS CZESAR. 2I

Atrio ad Caesarem venerunt, qui nunciarent superi-
ore nocte, maximà coortà tempestate, propé omnes
naves aflictas atque in litore ejectas esse; quód
neque ancora funesque subsisterent, neque nautz
gubernatoresque vim tempestatis pati possent; ita-
que ex eo concursu navium magnum esse incommo-
dum acceptum.

His rebus cognitis, Caesar legiones equitatumque
revocari atque itinere desistere jubet, ipse ad naves
revertitur: eadem feré qua ex nunciis literisque
cognoverat coram perspicit, sic ut amissis circiter
XL navibus, reliqua tamen refici posse magno nego-
tio viderentur. Itaque ex legionibus fabros deligit,
et ex continenti, alios arcessi jubet; Labieno scribit
ut quàm plurimas posset iis legionibus, quae sunt
apud eum, naves instituat. Ipse etsi res erat multae
opera ac laboris, tamen commodissimum esse statuit
omnes naves subduci, et cum castris unà munitione
conjungi. In his rebus circiter dies X consumit, ne
nocturnis quidem temporibus ad laborem militum
intermissis. Subductis navibus castrisque egregie
munitis, easdem copias' quas anté praesidio navibus
reliquit: ipse eódem unde redierat proficiscitur. Eó
cüm venisset, majores jam undique in eum locum
copizee Britannorum convenerant, summá imperii
bellique administrandi communi consilio permissá
Cassivellauno, cujus fines a maritimis civitatibus flu-
men dividit, quod appellatur Tamesis, a mari circi-
ter milia passuum rxxx. Huic superiore tempore
cum reliquis civitatibus continentia bella intercesse-
rant; sed nostro adventu permoti Britanni hunc toti
bello imperioque prafecerant.

Britannie pars interior ab iis incolitur, quos natos

22 LATIN READER.

in insulà ipsá memorià proditum dicunt; maritima
pars ab iis qui praeda ac belli inferendi causà ex
Belgio transierant, qui omnes feré iis nominibus
civitatum appellantur, quibus orti ex civitatibus eó
pervenerunt, et bello illato ibi permanserunt atque
agros colere coeperunt. Hominum est infinita mul-
titudo creberrimaque aedificia, feré Gallicis consimi-
lia; pecorum magnus numerus. (Utuntur aut zre,
aut nummo zereo, aut taleis ferreis ad certum pondus
examinatis pro nummo. Nascitur ibi plumbum
album in mediterraneis regionibus, in maritimis fer-
rum, sed ejus exigua est copia: aere utuntur impor-
tato. Materia cujusque generis ut in Galhà est,
prater fagum atque abietem. . Leporem et gallinam
et anserem gustare fas non putant ; haec tamen alunt
animi voluptatisque causà. Loca sunt temperatiora
quam in Gallià, remissioribus frigoribus. -

Insula naturá triquetra, cujus unum latus est con-
tra Galliam. . Hujus lateris alter angulus qui est ad
Cantium, quó feré omnes ex Gallià naves appellun-
tur, ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat.
Hoc latus pertinet circiter milia passuum p. Al-
terum vergit ad Hispaniam atque occidentem solem,
quà ex parte est Hibernia, dimidio minor (ut existi-
matur), quam Britannia, sed pari spatio transmissüs
atque ex Gallià est in Britanniam. In hóc medio
cursu est insula quae appellatur Mona; complures
pratereà minores objecte insulae existimantur; de
quibus insulis nonnulli scripserunt dies continuos
xxx sub brumá esse noctem. | Nos nihil de eo per-
contationibus reperiebamus, nisi certis ex aquà men-
suris breviores esse quàm in continenti noctes
videbamus. Hujus est longitudo lateris, ut fert.

JULIUS CAESAR. 23

illorum opinio, pcc milium. "Tertium est contra
septemtriones, cui parti nulla est objecta terra; sed
ejus angulus lateris maximé ad Germaniam spectat :
hoc milia passuum nccc in longitudinem esse existi-
matur. Ita omnis insula est in circuitu vicies centum
milium passuum. |

Ex his omnibus longé sunt humanissimi qui Can-
tium incolunt, quz regio est maritima omnis, neque
multüm a Gallicà differunt consuetudine. Interiores
plerique frumenta non serunt, sed lacte et carne
vivunt, pellibusque sunt vestiti. Omnes vero se
. Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod caeruleum efficit colo-
rem, atque hoc horridiores sunt in pugnà adspectu :
capilloque sunt promisso, atque omni parte corporis
rasà praeter caput et labrum superius.

Equites hostium essedariique acriter proelio cum
equitatu nostro in itinere conflixerunt, ita tamen ut
. nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint, atque eos
in silvas collesque compulerint, sed compluribus in-
terfectis cupidius insecuti nonnullos ex suis amise-
runt. At ill, intermisso spatio, imprudentibus
nostris atque occupatis in munitione castrorum, su-
bito se ex silvis ejecerunt, impetuque in eos facto,
qui erant in statione pro castris collocati, acriter
pugnaverunt; duabusque missis subsidio cohortibus
a Caesare, atque iis primis legionum duarum, cüm
hae perexiguo intermisso loci spatio inter se constitis-
sent, novo genere pugna perterritis nostris, per
medios audacissimé perruperunt, seque indé incolu-
mes receperunt. Eo die Q. Laberius Durus tribunus
militum interficitur. Illi pluribus submissis cohorti-
bus repelluntur.

Toto hoc in genere pugnae, cüm sub oculis omni-

24 LATIN READER.

um ac pro castris dimicaretur, intellectum est nostros
propter gravitatem armorum, quód neque insequi
cedentes possent, neque ab signis discedere aude-
rent, minüs aptos esse ad hujus generis hostem;
equites autem magno cum periculo prelio dimicare,
proptereà quód illi etiam consultó plerümque cede-
rent, et cüm paulüm ab legionibus nostros removis-
sent, ex essedis desilirent, et pedibus dispari proelio
contenderent. Equestris autem proelii ratio et ce-
dentibus et insequentibus par atque idem periculum
inferebat. Accedebat huc ut numquam conferti, sed
rari magnisque intervallis proeliarentur, stationesque
dispositas haberent, atque alios alii deinceps excipe-
rent, integrique et recentes defatigatis succederent.

Postero die procul a castris hostes in collibus con-
stiterunt, rarique se ostendere, et lenius quam pridie
nostros equites proelio lacessere cceperunt. Sed
meridie, cüm Caesar pabulandi causà tres legiones
atque omnem equitatum cum C. 'Trebonio legato
misisset, repente ex omnibus partibus ad pabulatores
advolaverunt, sic uti ab signis legionibusque non
absisterent. Nostri acriter in eos impetu facto rep-
pulerunt, neque finem sequendi fecerunt quoad sub-
sidio confisi equites, cüm post se legiones viderent,
praecipites hostes egerunt, magnoque eorum numero
interfecto, neque sui colligendi neque consistendi aut
ex essedis desiliendi facultatem dederunt. Ex hac
fugà protinüs qua undique convenerant auxilia dis-
cesserunt, neque post id tempus umquam summis
nobiscum copiis hostes contenderunt.

Caesar cognito consilio eorum, ad flumen Tamesin
in fines Cassivellauni exercitum duxit, quod flumen
uno omninó loco pedibus atque hoc egre transiri

JULIUS CZESAR. 25

potest. Eó cüm venisset, animum advertit ad alte-
ram fluminis ripam magnas esse copias hostium in-
structas: ripa autem erat acutis sudibus praefixisque
munita, ejusdemque generis sub aquà defixa sudes
flumine tegebantur. His rebus cognitis a captivis
perfugisque, Caesar praemisso equitatu confestim
legiones subsequi jussit. Sed eà celeritate atque eo
impetu milites ierunt, cüm capite solo ex aquà ex-
starent, ut hostes impetum legionum atque equitum
sustinere non possent, ripasque dimitterent, ac se
fuge mandarent.

Cassivellaunus, ut suprà demonstravimus, omni
deposità spe contentionis, dimissis amplioribus copiis,
milibus circiter rv essedariorum relictis, itinera no-
stra servabat, paulumque ex vià excedebat, locisque
impeditis ac silvestribus sese occultabat, atque iis
regionibus, quibus nos iter facturos cognoverat, pe-
cora atque homines ex agris in silvas compellebat ;
et cüàm equitatus noster liberius praedandi vastandi-
que causáà se in agros effunderet, omnibus viis notis
semitisque essedarios ex silvis emittebat, et magno
cum periculo nostrorum equitum cum iis confligebat,
atque hoc metu latiüs vagari prohibebat. Relinque-
batur ut neque longiüs ab agmine legionum discedi
Caesar pateretur, et tantum in agris vastandis incen-
disque faciendis hostibus noceretur, quantum labore
atque itinere legionarii milites efficere poterant. . . .

Dum hzc in his locis geruntur, Cassivellaunus ad
Cantium nuntios mittit, atque his imperat uti coactis
omnibus copiis, castra navalia de improviso adorian-
tur atque oppugnent. li cüm ad castra venissent,
nostri eruptione factà multis eorum interfectis, capto
etiam nobili duce Lugotorige, suos incolumes redu-

26 LATIN READER.

xerunt. Cassivellaunus hoc prelio nunciato, tot
detrimentis acceptis, vastatis finibus, maxime etiam
permotus defectione civitatum, legatos per Atrebatem
Commium de deditione ad Caesarem mittit. Caesar,
cüm statuisset hiemem in continenti propter repenti-
nos Gallie motus agere, neque multum zestatis
superesset, atque id facilé extrahi posse intelligeret,
obsides imperat, et quid in annos singulos vectigalis
populo Romano Britannia penderet constituit: inter-
dicit atque imperat Cassivellauno, ne Mandubratio
neu 'Trinobantibus noceat. :

Obsidibus acceptis, exercitum reducit ad mare,
naves invenit refectas. His deductis, quód et capti-
vorum magnum numerum habebat, et nonnullae
tempestate deperierant naves, duobus commeatibus
exercitum reportare institut. Ac sic accidit uti ex
tanto navium numero, tot navigationibus, neque hoc
neque superiore anno ulla omninó navis quz milites
portaret desideraretur; at ex iis qua inanes ex con-
tinenti ad eum remitterentur, et quas posteà Labienus
faciendas curaverat numero LX, perpauce locum
caperent, reliqua feré omnes rejicerentur. Quas cüm
aliquamdiu Caesar frustrà expectásset, ne anni tem-
pore a navigatione excluderetur, quód aequinoctium
suberat, necessarió angustius milites collocavit, ac
summá tranquillitate consecutà, secundá cüm solvis-
set vigilià, primà luce terram attigit, omnesque in-
columes naves perduxit. |

3. Jhe People of Gaul and Germany.
[Book VI. Chapters 11-28.]

Quoniam ad hunc locum perventum est, non
alienum esse videtur de Galliae. Germanieque mori-

^

JULIUS CZESAR. 27

bus et quo differant hae nationes inter sese pro-
ponere.

In Gallià non solüm in omnibus civitatibus atque
in omnibus pagis partibusque, sed paené etiam in
singulis domibus, factiones sunt; earumque fa-
ctionum principes sunt qui summam:- auctoritatem
eorum judicio habere existimantur, quorum ad arbi-
trium judiciumque summa omnium rerum consilio-
rumque redeat. Idque ejus rei causà antiquitüs
institutum videtur, ne quis ex plebe contra potentio-
rem auxilii egeret; suos enim quisque opprimi et
circumveniri non patitur, neque, aliter si faciat,
ullam inter suos habet auctoritatem. ' Haec eadem
ratio est in summà totius Gallie ; namque omnes
civitates in partes divise sunt duas. . . .

In omni Gallià eorum hominum, qui aliquo sunt
numero atque honore, genera sunt duo; nam plebes
paené servorum habetur loco, qua nihil audet per se,
et nullo adhibetur consilio. Plerique, cüm aut zre
alieno aut magnitudine tributorum aut injurià poten-
tiorum premuntur, sese in servitutem dicant nobili-
bus: in hos eadem omnia sunt jura qua dominis in
servos. Sed de his duobus generibus alterum est
Druidum, alterum equitum. Illi rebus divinis inter-
sunt, sacrificia publica ac privata procurant, reli-
giones interpretantur. Ad hos magnus adolescentium
numerus disciplina causà concurrit, magnoque hi
sunt apud eos honore. Nam feré de omnibus con-
troversiis publicis privatisque constituunt; et si quod
est admissum facinus, si caedes facta, si de heredi-
tate, si de finibus controversia est, iidem decernunt;
praemia poenasque constituunt. Si qui aut privatus
aut populus eorum decreto non stetit, sacrificiis inter-

28 LATIN READER.

dicunt. Hac poena apud eos est gravissima. Qui-
bus ita est interdictum, hi numero impiorum ac
sceleratorum habentur: ab his omnes discedunt,
aditum eorum sermonemque defugiunt, ne quid ex
contagione incommodi accipiant, neque his petenti-
bus jus redditur, neque honos ullus communicatur.
His autem omnibus Druidibus praeest unus, qui sum-
mam inter eos habet auctoritatem. . Hoc mortuo, si
qui ex reliquis excellit dignitate, succedit: at si sunt
plures pares, suffragio Druidum allegitur ; nonnum-
quam etiam armis de principatu contendunt. Hi certo
anni tempore in finibus Carnutum, quae regio totius
Galliae media habetur, considunt in loco consecrato.
Huc omnes undique qui controversias habent conve-
niunt, eorumque decretis judiciisque parent. Disci-
plina in Britannià reperta, atque inde in Galliam
translata esse existimatur; et nunc, qui diligentius
eam rem cognoscere volunt, plerümque illó discendi
causà proficiscuntur.

Druides a bello abesse consuérunt, neque tributa
unà cum reliquis pendunt; militie vacationem
omniumque rerum habent immunitatem. — Tantis
excitati praemiis, et suà sponte multi in disciplinam
conveniunt, et a parentibus propinquisque mittuntur.
Magnum ibi numerum versuum ediscere dicuntur :
itaque annos nonnulli xx in disciplinà permanent.
Neque fas esse existimant ea litteris mandare, cüm
in reliquis feré rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus,
Graecis litteris utantur. Id mihi duabus de causis
instituisse videntur; quód neque in vulgum discipli-
nam efferri velint, neque eos qui discunt litteris con-
fisos minüs memoria studere; quód feré plerisque
accidit, ut praesidio litterarum diligentiam in perdis-

JULIUS CZESAR. 29

cendo ac memoriam remittant. In primis hoc volunt
persuadere, non interire animas, sed ab alüs post
mortem transire ad alios, atque hoc maxime ad vir-
tutem excitari putant, metu mortis neglecto. Multa
preetereà de sideribus atque eorum motu, de mundi
ac terrarum magnitudine, de rerum naturá, de deo-
rum immortalium vi ac potestate, disputant et juveu-
tuti tradunt.

Alterum genus est equitum. Hi, cüm est usus
atque aliquod bellum incidit, quod feré ante Cesaris
adventum quotannis accidere solebat, uti aut ipsi
injurias inferrent aut illatas propulsarent, omnes in
bello versantur, atque eorum ut quisque est genere
copiisque amplissimus, ita plurimos circum se amba-
ctos clientesque habet. Hanc unam gratiam poten-
tiamque noverunt.

Natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita reli-
gionibus, atque ob eam causam qui sunt affecti
gravioribus morbis, quique in proeliis periculisque
versantur, aut pro victimis homines immolant, aut
se immolaturos vovent, administrisque ad ea sacrifi-
cia Druidibus utuntur; quód, pro vità hominis nisi
hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum immorta-
lium numen placari arbitrantur, publicéque ejusdem
generis habent instituta sacrificia. Alii immani
magnitudine simulacra habent, quorum contexta
viminibus membra vivis hominibus complent, quibus
succensis circumventi flammá exanimantur homines.
Supplicia eorum qui in furto aut in latrocinio aut
aliquà noxá sint comprehensi, gratiora diis immorta-
libus esse arbitrantur, sed cüm ejus generis copia
deficit, etiam ad innocentium supplicia descendunt.

Deüm maximé Mercurium eolunt. EFHujus sunt

30 | LATIN READER.

plurima simulacra ; hunc omnium inventorem artium
ferunt, hunc viarum atque itinerum ducem, hunc ad
quastus pecunie mercaturasque habere vim maxi-
mam arbitrantur. Post hunc Apollinem et Martem
et Jovem et Minervam. De his eadem feré quam
relique gentes habent opinionem; Apollinem mor-
bos depellere, Minervam operam atque artificiorum
initia tradere, Jovem imperium coelestium tenere,
Martem bella regere. Huic, cüm proelio dimicare
constituerunt, ea quae bello ceperint plerümque de-
vovent. Qua superaverint animalia capta immolant ;
reliquas res in unum locum conferunt. Multis in
civitatibus harum rerum exstructos tumulos locis
consecratis conspicari licet, neque sape, accidit ut
neglectà quispiam religione, aut capta apud se
occultare aut posita tollere auderet; gravissimumque
ei rei supplicium cum cruciatu constitutum est.

Galli se omnes ab Dite patre prognatos praedicant,
idque ab Druidibus proditum dicunt. Ob eam cau-
sam spatia omnis temporis non numero dierum sed
noctium finiunt; dies natales et mensium et annorum
initia sic observant, ut noctem dies subsequatur. In
reliquis vite institutis, hoc feré ab reliquis differunt,
quód suos liberos, nisi cüm adoleverunt ut munus
militiae sustinere possint, palàm ad se adire non
patiuntur; filiumque puerili eetate in publico in con-
spectu patris adsistere turpe ducunt.

Viri quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis nomine
acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis zstimatione factà
cum dotibus communicant. Hujus omnis pecunie
conjunctim ratio habetur, fructusque servantur: uter
eorum vità superáàrit, ad eum pars utriusque cum
fructibus superiorum temporum pervenit. Viri in

Hs

JULIUS CZESAR. 31

uxores sicuti in liberos vite necisque habent potesta-
tem; et cüm pater familie illustriore loco natus
decessit, ejus propinqui conveniunt, et de morte si
res in suspicionem venit, de uxoribus in servilem
modum quastionem habent, et si compertum est,
igni atque omnibus tormentis excruciatas interficiunt.
Funera sunt pro cultu Gallorum magnifica et sum-
ptuosa; omniaque quz vivis cordi fuisse arbitrantur
in ignem inferunt, etiam animalia: ac paullo supra
hanc memoriam, servi et clientes, quos ab iis dilectos
esse constabat, justis funeribus confectis, unà cre-
mabantur.

Qua civitates commodius suam rem publicam
administrare existimantur, habent legibus sanctum,
si quis quid de re publicà a finitimis rumore aut famáà
acceperit, uti ad magistratum deferat, neve cum quo
alio communicet: quód saepé homines temerarios
atque imperitos falsis rumoribus terreri, et ad facinus
impelli, et de summis rebus consilium capere cogni-
tum est. Magistratus qua visa sunt occultant ;
quaque esse ex usu judicaverint multitudini pro-
dunt. De re publicà nisi per concilium loqui non
conceditur. |

Est autem hoc Gallice consuetudinis, uti et via-
tores etiam invitos consistere cogant, et quod quisque
eorum de quàque re audierit aut cognoverit quaerant, -
et mercatores in oppidis vulgus circumsistant, qui-
busque ex regionibus veniant quasque ibi res cog-
noverint pronuntiare cogant. His rebus atque
auditionibus permoti, de summis ssepe rebus consilia
ineunt, quorum eos in vestigio poenitere necesse est,
cüm incertis rumoribus serviant, et plerique ad vo-
luntatem eorum ficta respondeant.

32 LATIN READER.

Germani multüm ab hac consuetudine differunt:
nam neque Druides habent qui rebus divinis prasint,
neque sacrificiis student. Deorum numero eos solos
ducunt quos cernunt et quorum aperté opibus juvan-
tur, Solem et Vulcanum et Lunam: reliquos ne
famà quidem acceperunt. Vita omnis in venationi-
bus atque in studiis rei militaris consistit: ab parvu-
lis labori ac duritie student. Qui diutissimé impu-
beres permanserunt, maximam inter suos ferunt
laudem; hóc ali staturam, ali hoc vires nervosque
confirmari putant.

Agriculture non student; majorque pars eorum
victüs in lacte, caseo, carne consistit: neque quis-
quam agri modum certum aut fines habet proprios,
sed magistratus ac principes in annos singulos gen-
tibus cognationibusque hominum, qui unà coierunt,
quantum et quo loco visum est agri attribuunt, atque
anno post alió transire cogunt. Ejus rei multas
afferunt causas: ne assiduà consuetudine capti stu-
dium belli gerundi agriculturá commutent ; ne latos
fines parare studeant, potentioresque humiliores pos-
sessionibus expellant; ne accuratiüs ad frigora atque
eesstus vitandos zedificent; ne qua oriatur pecuniae
cupiditas, quà ex re factiones dissensionesque na-
scuntur; ut animi zequitate plebem contineant, cüm
suas quisque opes cum potentissimis zequari videat.

Suevorum gens est longé maxima et bellicosissima
Germanorum omnium. Ili centum pagos habere
dicuntur, ex quibus quotannis singula milia armato-
rum bellandi causà ex finibus educunt. Reliqui qui
domi manserunt se atque illos alunt. Hi rursüs in
vicem anno post in armis sunt, illi domi remanent.
Sic neque agricultura nec ratio atque usus belli in-

JULIUS CZESAR. 33

termittitur. Sed privati ac separati agri apud eos
nihil est, neque longiüs anno remanere uno in loco
incolendi causá licet. Neque multüm frumento, sed
maximam partem lacte atque pecore vivunt, mul-
tümque sunt in venationibus; quz res et cibi genere
et quotidianà exercitatione et libertate vitee, quód a
pueris nullo officio aut disciplinà assuefacti nihil
omninó contra voluntatem faciant, et vires alit et im-
mani corporum magnitudine homines efficit. Atque
in eam se consuetudinem adduxerunt, ut locis frigi-
dissimis neque vestitüs przter pelles habeant quid-
quam, quarum propter exiguitatem magna est
corporis pars aperta, et lavantur in fluminibus.

Mercatoribus est ad eos aditus magis eo ut quz
bello ceperint quibus vendant habeant, quàm quód
ullam rem ad se importari desiderent. Quin etiam
jumentis, quibus maxime Galli delectantur, queque
impenso parant pretio, Germani importatis his non
utuntur, sed qua sunt apud eos nata, prava atque
deformia, hac quotidianà exercitatione summi ut
sint laboris efficiunt. Emquestribus proeliis sepé ex
equis desiliunt ac pedibus proeliantur, equosque eo-
dem remanere vestigio adsuefecerunt, ad quos se
celeriter cüm usus est recipiunt; neque eorum mori-
bus turpius quidquam aut inertius habetur quàm
ephippiis uti. Itaque ad quemvis numerum ephippi-
atorum equitum quàmvis pauci adire audent. Vinum
ad se omninó importari non sinunt, quod eà re ad
laborem ferendum remollescere homines atque effe-
minari arbitrantur.

Civitatibus maxima laus est quàm latissime circum
se vastatis finibus solitudines habere. Hoc proprium
virtutis existimant, expulsos agris finitimos cedere,

^

34 LATIN READER.

neque quemquam prope audere consistere: simul
hóc se fore tutiores arbitrantur, repentina incur-
sionis timore sublato. Cum bellum civitas aut illa-
tum defendit aut infert, magistratus qui ei bello
prasint, ut vitae necisque habeant potestatem deli-
guntur. In pace nullus est communis magistratus,
sed principes regionum atque pagorum inter suos jus
dicunt, controversiasque minuunt. Latrocinia nul-
lam habent infamiam, quz extra fines cujusque civi-
tatis fiunt, atque ea juventutis exercendae ac desidize
minuendz causá fieri praedicant. Atque ubi quis ex
principibus in concilio dixit se ducem fore, qui sequi
velint profiteantur; consurgunt ii qui et causam et
hominem probant, suumque auxilium pollicentur,
atque ab multitudine collaudantur: qui ex his se-
cuti non sunt, in desertorum ac proditorum numero
ducuntur, omniumque his rerum posteà fides dero-
gatur. . Hospitem violare fas non putant; qui quà-
cunque de causà ad eos venerunt ab injurià prohibent
sanctosque habent, hisque omnium domus patent,
victusque communicatur.

Ac fuit anteà tempus cüm Germanos Galli virtute
superarent, ultró bella inferrent, propter hominum
multitudinem agrique inopiam trans Rhenum colo-
nias mitterent. Itaque ea qua fertilissima Germaniae
sunt loca circum Hercyniam silvam, Volca 'ecto-
sages occupaverunt, atque ibi consederunt. Que
gens ad hoc tempus his sedibus sese continet, sum-
mamque habet justitide et bellicae laudis opinionem :
nunc quoque in eàdem inopià, egestate, patientià quà
Germani permanent, eodem victu et cultu corporis
utuntur. Gallis autem Provincie propinquitas et
transmarinarum rerum notitia multa ad copiam atque

JULIUS CZESAR. : 35

usus largitur. Paullatim adsuefacti superari, multis-
que victi proeliis, ne se quidem ipsi cum illis virtute
comparant.

Hujus Hercyniae silva, qua» suprà demonstrata
est, latitudo novem dierum iter expedito patet: non
enim aliter finiri potest, neque mensuras itinerum
noverunt. Oritur ab Helvetiorum et Nemetum et
Rauracorum finibus, rectáque fluminis Danubii re-
gione pertinet ad fines Dacorum et Anartium ; hinc
se flectit sinistrorsüs diversis ab flumine regionibus,
multarumque gentium fines propter magnitudinem
atüngit; neque quisquam est hujus Germaniz, qui
se aut adisse ad initium ejus silvae dicat, càm dierum
iter Lx processerit, aut quo ex loco oriatur acceperit :
multaque in eà genera ferarum nasci constat, quz
reliquis in locis visa non sint: ex quibus quae maxi-
me differant ab ceteris et memoria prodenda videan-
tur, haec sunt. :

Est bos cervi figurà, cujus a medià fronte inter
aures unum cornu exsistit, excelsius magisque dire-
ctum his quae nobis nota sunt cornibus. Ab ejus
summo sicut palmae ramique laté diffunduntur. Ea-
dem est femina marisque natura, eadem forma
magnitudoque cornuum. :

Sunt item qua appellantur alces. Harum est
consimilis capreis figura et varietas pellium; sed
magnitudine paullo antecedunt, mutilaeque sunt cor-
nibus, et crura sine nodis articulisque habent ; neque
quietis causá procumbunt, neque, si quo afflicte
casu conciderunt, erigere sese aut sublevare possunt.
His sunt arbores pro cubilibus: ad eas se applicant,
atque ita páullàm modó reclinatze quietem capiunt ;
quarum ex vestigiis cüm est animadversum a vena-

36 LATIN READER.

toribus quó se recipere consuérint, omnes eo loco aut
ab radicibus subruunt aut accidunt arbores, tantum
ut summa species earum stantium relinquatur. Huc
cum se consuetudine reclinaverunt, infirmas arbores
pondere aflligunt, atque unà ipsa concidunt.

Tertium est genus eorum qui uri appellantur. Hi
sunt magnitudine paullo infra elephantos; specie et
colore et figurà tauri. Magna vis eorum est et
magna velocitas, neque homini neque fere quam
conspexerunt parcunt. Ios studiose foveis captos
interficiunt. LHoc se labore durant homines adole-
scentes, atque hoc genere venationis exercent; et
qui plurimos ex his interfecerunt, relatis in publicum
cornibus quae sint'testimonio, magnam ferunt lau-
dem. Sed adsuescere ad homines et mansuefieri ne
parvuli quidem excepti possunt. Amplitudo cornuum
et figura et species multüm a nostrorum boum corni-
bus differt. | Heec studiose conquisita ab labris
argento circumcludunt, atque in amplissimis epulis
pro poculis utuntur.

*

Y -

,F.

(/ 2 Wee
V Ltrary
III. "uat Oslifori» 7

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

—DeÀ
LIFE OF ALEXANDER.
I. Ze Aver Cydnus.

[Book III. Chapters 4-6.]

Intereà Alexander, Abistamene Cappadociz prz-
posito, Ciliciam petens cum omnibus copiis, in re-
gionem qua Castra Cyri appellatur, pervenerat.
Stativa illic habuerat Cyrus, cüm adversus Croesum
in Lydiam exercitum duceret. Aberat ea regio
quinquaginta stadia ab aditu, quo Ciliciam intramus :
Pylas incola dicunt arctissimas fauces, munimenta
qua manu ponimus naturali situ imitante. Igitur
Arsanes, qui Ciliciae» praeerat, reputans quid initio
belli Memnon suasisset, quondam salubre consilium
seró exsequi statuit: igne ferroque Ciliciam vastat,
ut hosti solitudinem faciat: quicquid usui esse potest,
corrumpit: sterile ac nudum solum, quod tueri
nequibat, relicturus. Sed longe utilius fuit angu-
stias aditüs, qui Ciliciam aperit, valido occupare
presidio, jugumque, opportuné itineri imminens,
obtinere; unde inultus subeuntem hostem aut pro-
hibere, aut opprimere potuisset. "Tunc paucis, qui
callibus przsiderent, relictis, retró ipse concessit ;
populator terrae, quam a populationibus vindicare
debuerat. Ergo, qui relicti erant, proditos se rati,
ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt

38 LATIN READER.

cum vel pauciores locum obtinere potuissent. Nam-
que perpetuo jugo montis asperi ac praerupti Cilicia
includitur, quod cüm a mari surgat, velut sinu quo-
dam flexuque curvatum, rursus altero cornu in
diversum littus excurrit. Per hoc dorsum, quà
maxinié introrsum mari cedit, asperi tres aditus et
perangusti sunt, quorum uno Cilicia intranda est.
Campestris eadem, quà vergit ad mare, planitiem
ejus crebris distinguentibus rivis.

Pyramus et Cydnus, incluti amnes fluunt. Cyd-
nus non spatio aquarum, sed liquore memorabilis ;
quippe, leni tractu e fontibus labens, puro solo exci-
pitur; neque torrentes incurrunt, qui placidé ma-
nantis alveum turbent. Itaque incorruptus, idemque
frigidissimus; quippe, multà riparum amoenitate
inumbratus, ubique fontibus suis similis in mare
evadit. Multa in eà regione monumenta vulgata
carminibus, vetustas exederat. Monstrabantur ur-
bium sedes Lyrnessi et T hebes; Typhonis quoque
specus, et Corycium nemus, ubi crocum gignitur,
ceteraque in quibus nihil prater famam duraverat.
Alexander fauces jugi, qua» Zy4e appellantur, in-
travit. Contemplatus locorum situm, non aliàs
magis dicitur admiratus esse felicitatem suam : obrui
potuisse vel saxis confitebatur, si fuissent qui in
subeuntes propellerent. ter vix quaternos capiebat
armatos. JDorsum montis imminebat via, non an-
gusta modó, sed plerümque przarupte, crebris
oberrantibus rivis, qui ex radicibus montium ma-
nant. 'lhracas tamen leviter armatos praecedere
jusserat, scrutarique calles, ne occultus hostis in
subeuntes erumperet. Sagittariorum quoque manus
occupaverat jugum : intentos arcus habebant, mo-

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 39

niti, non iter ipsos inire, sed prelium. Hoc modo
agmen pervenit ad urbem Tarson, cui tum maxime
Perse subjiciebant ignem, ne opulentum oppidum
hostis invaderet. . At ille, Parmenione ad inhiben-
dum incendium cum expedità manu praemisso, post-
quam barbaros adventu suorum fugatos esse cogno-
verat, urbem a se conservatam intrat.

;'* Mediam Cydnus amnis, de quo pauló anté dictum
est, interfluit; et tunc aestas erat, cujus calor non
aliam magis quàm Cilicize oram vapore solis accen-
dit; et diei fervidissimum tempus ceperat. Pulvere
ac sudore simul perfusum regem invitavit liquor
fluminis, ut calidum adhuc corpus ablueret. Itaque
veste deposità, in conspectu agminis (decorum quo-
que futurum ratus, si ostendisset suis, levi ac para-
bili cultu corporis se esse contentum) descendit in
flumen, vixque ingressi subito horrore artus rigere
ceperunt; pallor deinde suffusus est, et totum pro-
pemodum corpus vitalis calor reliquit. Expiranti
similem ministri manu excipiunt, nec satis compo-
tem mentis in tabernaculum deferunt. Ingens solli-
citudo, et pané jam luctus in castris erat. Flentes
querebantur, "in tanto impetu cursuque rerum,
omnis etatis ac memoriae clarissimum regem non in
acie saltem, non ab hoste dejectum, sed abluentem
aquáà corpus, ereptum esse, et extinctum: instare
Darium, victorem antequam vidisset hostem. Sibi
easdem terras, quas victores peragrássent, repeten-
das: omnia aut ipsos, aut hostes populatos: per
vastas solitudines, etiamsi nemo insequi velit, euntes,
fame atque inopià debellari posse. Quem signum
daturum fugientibus? quem ausurum Alexandro
succedere?. Jam ut ad Hellespontum fugà penetra-

40 | LATIN READER.

rent, classem quà transeant, quem praparaturum? "
Rursus in ipsum regem misericordià versá, "illum
florem juvente, illam vim animi, eumdem regem
et commilitonem divelli a se et abripi," immemores
sui querebantur.

Inter hzc liberius meare spiritus cceperat ; alleva-
bat rex oculos, et paulatim redeunte animo, cir-
cumstantes amicos agnoverat: laxataque vis morbi
ob hoc solum videbatur, quia magnitudinem mali
sentiebat. Animum autem zgritudo corporis urge-
bat: quippe Darium quinto die in Ciliciam fore
nunciabatur. ^" Vinctum ergo se tradi, et tantam
victoriam eripi sibi e manibus, obscuráque et igno-
bili morte in tabernaculo extingui se," querebatur.
Admissisque amicis pariter ac medicis: "In quo
me," inquit, " articulo rerum mearum fortuna depre-
henderit, cernitis. Strepitum hostilium armorum
exaudire mihi videor ; et qui ultró intuli bellum, jam
provocor. Darius ergo, cüm tam superbas litteras
scriberet, fortunam meam in consilio habuit; sed
nequidquam, si mihi arbitrio meo curari licet.
Lenta remedia et segnes medicos non exspectant
tempora mea. Vel mori strenué, quàm tardé con-
valescere, mihi melius est. Proinde, si quid opis, si
quid artis in medicis est, sciant, me non tam mortis,
quàm belli remedium quarere." Ingentem omnibus
incusserat curam tam praeceps temeritas ejus. Ergo
pro se quisque precari ccepére, " ne festinatione peri-
culum augeret, sed esset in potestate medentium.
Inexperta remedia haud injurià ipsis esse suspecta,
cüm ad perniciem ejus etiam a latere ipsius pecunià
sollicitaret hostis: " (quippe Darius mille talenta in-
terfectori Alexandri daturum se pronunciari jusse-

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 41

rat); "itaque ne ausurum quidem quemquam"

arbitrabantur * experiri remedium quod pepe no-
vitatem posset esse suspectum."
2XErat inter nobiles medicos e Macedonià regem
secutus Philippus, natione Acarnan, fidus admodum
regi; puero comes, et custos salutis datus, non ut
regem modó, sed etiam ut alumnum eximià cari-
tate diligebat. Is non praeceps se, sed strenuum
remedium afferre, tantamque vim morbi potione me-
dicatà levaturum esse promisit. Nulli promissum
ejus placebat, praeter ipsum cujus periculo pollice-
batur. Omnia quippe faciliüs quàm moram per-
peti poterat. .Arma et acies in oculis erant; et
victoriam in eo positam esse arbitrabatur, si tantüm
ante signa stare potuisset: idipsum, quód post diem
tertium medicamentum sumpturus esset (ita enim
medicus praedixerat) segré ferens. Inter heec a Par-
menione fidissimo purpuratorum litteras accipit,
quibus ei denunciabat, ne salutem suam Philippo
committeret; mille talentis a Dario, et spe nuptiarum
Sororis ejus esse corruptum. Ingentem animo sol-
licitudinem litterae incusserant, et quicquid in utram-
que partem aut metus aut spes subjecerat, secretà
swstimatione pensabat. ^" Dibere perseverem? ut, si
venenum datum fuerit, ne immeritó quidem, quic-
quid acciderit, evenisse videatur? Damnem medici
fidem? in tabernaculo ergo me opprimi patiar? At
satius est alieno me mori scelere, quàm metu no-
-stro.^ Diu animo in diversa versato, nulli quid
Scriptum esset enunciat; epistolamque, sigillo anuli
sui impresso, pulvino cui incubabat subjecit.
Inter has cogitationes biduo assumpto, illuxit a
medico destinatus dies. Et ille cum poculo, in quo

Maas poeni ta na

42 LATIN READER.

medicamentum diluerat, intravit. Quo viso Alex-
ander, levato corpore in cubitum, epistolam a Par-
menione . missam sinistráà manu tenens, accipit
poculum, et haurit interritus: tum epistolam Philip-
pum legere jubet, nec a vultu legentis movit oculos,
ratus aliquas conscientie notas: in ipso ore posse
deprehendere. lle epistolà perlectà, plus indigna-
tionis quàm pavoris ostendit: projectisque amiculo
et litteris ante lectum : * Rex," inquit, "semper qui-
dem spiritus meus ex te pependit, sed nunc veré ab
isto sacro et venerabili ore trahitur. Crimen parri-
cidii, quod mihi objectum est, tua salus diluet. Ser-
vatus a me vitam mihi dederis. Oro quasoque,

amisso metu, patere medicamentum concipi venis.

Laxe paulisper animum, quem sollicitudine intem-
pestivà amici sane fideles, sed molesté seduli tur-
bant. ^ Non securum modó hzc vox, sed etiam
latum regem, ac plenum bone spei fecit. Itaque;
"Si Dii" inquit, * Philippe, tibi permisissent, quo
maxime modo animum velles experiri meum, alio
profectó voluisses; sed certiorem quàm expertus es,
ne optásses quidem. Hàc epistolà acceptà, tamen
quod dilueras bibi; et nunc crede me non minus
pro tuà fide quàm pro meà salute esse sollicitum."
Haec elocutus, dexteram Philippo offert.

Caeterüm tanta vis medicaminis fuit, ut quee secuta
sunt criminationem Parmenionis adjuverint. Inter-
clusus spiritus arcté meabat, nec Philippus quidquam
inexpertum omisit. llle fomenta corpori admovit,
ille torpentem nunc cibi nunc vini odore excitavit.
Atque, ut primüm mentis compotem esse sensit,
modó matris sororumque, modó tantz victoriae ap-
propinquantis admonere non destitit. Ut vero me-

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 43

dicamentum se diffudit in venas, et sensim toto cor-
pore salubritas percipi potuit, primüm animus vigo-
rem suum, deinde corpus quoque exspectatione ma-
turiüs recuperavit: quippe post tertium diem quàm
in hoc statu fuerat, in conspectum militum venit.
Nec avidius ipsum regem quàm Philippum intue-
batur exercitus: pro se quisque dexteram ejus am-
plexi grates habebant velut praesenti deo. Namque
haud facilé dictu est, prater ingenitam illi genti
erga reges suos venerationem, quantüm hujus
utique regis vel admirationi dediti fuerint, vel ca-
ritate flagraverint. Jam primüm nihil sine divinà
ope aggredi videbatur. Nam cüm presto esset
ubique fortuna, temeritas in gloriam cesserat: setas
quoque vix tantis matura rebus, sed abundé suffi-
ciens, omnia ejus opera honestabat: et quae le-
viora haberi solent, plerümque in re militari gra-
tiora vulgo sunt; exercitatio corporis inter ipsos,
cultus habitusque paulüm a privato abhorrens,
militaris vigor; quis ille vel ingenii dotibus, vel
animi artibus, ut pariter carus ac venerandus esset,
effecerat. |

2. Dattle of Zssus.

[Book III. Chapters 7-12.]

At Darius nuntio de adversá valetudine ejus ac-
cepto, celeritate quantam capere tam grave agmen
poterat, ad Euphratem contendit: junctoque eo pon-
tibus, quinque tamen diebus trajecit exercitum,
Ciliciam occupare festinans. ]Jam Alexander vi-
ribus corporis receptis, ad urbem Solos pervene-
rat: cujus potitus, ducentis talentis multze nomine
exactis, arci praesidium militum imposuit. Vota

44 LATIN READER.

deinde pro salute suscepta per ludum atque otium:
reddens, ostendit quantá fiducià barbaros sperneret ::
quippe ZEsculapio et Minerva ludos celebravit.
Spectanti nuntius latus affertur ex Halicarnasso,
* Persas acie a suis esse superatos, Myndios quoque
et Caunios, et pleraque tractüs ejus, sua facta di-
tionis." Igitur edito spectaculo ludicro, castrisque
motis, et Pyramo amne ponte juncto, ad urbem:
Mallon pervenit: inde alteris castris ad oppidum
Castabulum. — Ibi Parmenio regi occurrit, quem
praemiserat ad explorandum iter saltüs, per quem ad.
urbem Zssoz nomine penetrandum erat. Atque ille:
angustiis ejus occupatis, et praesidio modico relicto,
Isson quoque desertam a barbaris ceperat. Inde
progressus, deturbatis qui interiora montium obsi-
debant, praesidiis cuncta firmavit: occupatoque iti-
nere, sicut paulo anté dictum est, idem et auctor et
nuntius venit.

Isson deinde rex copias admovit: ubi consilio ha-
bito utrümne ultrà progrediendum foret, an ibi op-
periendi essent novi milites, quos ex Macedonià
adventare constabat; Parmenio non alium locum
pralio aptiorem esse censebat. Quippe illic utrius-
que regis copias numero futuras pares, cüm angu-
stie. multitudinem .non caperent: planitiem ipsis
camposque esse vitandos, ubi circumiri, ubi ancipiti
acie opprimi possent: timere, ne non virtute hosti-
um, sed lassitudine suáà vincerentur: Persas recen-
tes subinde successuros, si laxiüs stare potuissent.
Facilé ratio tam salubris consilii accepta est. Ita-
que inter angustias saltás opperiri statuit. Erat in
exercitu regis Sisenes Perses, quondam a praetore
ZEgypti missus ad Philippum; donisque et omni

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 45

- honore cultus, exilium patrià sede mutaverat: secu-

tus deinde in Asiam Alexandrum, inter fideles so-

cios habebatur. Huic epistolam (QCretensis miles
— obsignatam anulo, cujus signum haud sané notum
erat, tradidit. Nabarzanes praetor Darii miserat
-eam, hortabaturque Sisenem, ut dignum aliquid

nobilitate ac moribus suis ederet, magno id ei apud
regem honori fore. Has litteras Sisenes utpote in-

-noxius, ad Alexandrum saepe deferre tentavit: sed
—€uüm tot curis apparatuque belli regem videret ur-
— geri, aptius subinde tempus exspectans, suspicionem
-initi scelesti consili praebuit. Namque epistola,
?priüsquam ei redderetur, in manus Alexandri per-
—ywenerat, lectamque eam, ignoti anuli sigillo im-
—presso, Siseni dari jusserat, ad a;estimandam fidem
—barbari. Qui, quia per complures dies non adierat
| regem, scelesto consilio eam visus est suppressisse ;
et in agmine a Cretensibus, haud dubie jussu regis,

occisus.
Jam Graci milites, quos 'hymodes a Pharnabazo

"acceperat, praecipua spes, et propemodüm unica, ad

Darium pervenerant. Li magnopere suadebant, ut

. retró abiret, spatiososque Mesopotamiae campos re-
peteret. Si id consilium damnaret, at ille divideret
- saltem innumerabiles copias, neu sub unum fortunz

ictum totas vires regni cadere pateretur. Minüs hoc

consilium regi, quàm purpuratis ejus displicebat :

" Ancipitem fidem, et mercede venalem proditionem

- imminere, et dividi non ob aliud copias velle, quàm

ut ipsi in diversa digressi, si quid commissum essent

-traderent Alexandro. Nihil tutius fore, quàm. cir-
-cumdatos eos exercitu toto obrui telis, documentum

non inulte perfidie futuros." At Darius, ut erat

SS LATIN READER.

sanctus ac mitis, "se veró tantum facinus" negat
" esse facturum, ut suam secutos fidem, suos milites,
jubeat trucidari. Quem deinde ampliüs nationum
exterarum salutem suam crediturum sibi, si tot mili-
tum sanguine imbuisset manus? Neminem stolidum
consilium capite luere debere, Defuturos enim qui
suaderent, si suasisse periculum esset. Denique
ipsos quotidié ad se vocari in consilium, variasque
sententias dicere, nec tamen melioris fidei haberi,
qui prudentiüs suaserit." Itaque Graecis nuntiari
jubet, "ipsum quidem benevolentie illorum gratias
agere; caeterüm, si retró ire pergat haud dubié re-
gnum hostibus traditurum. Famàá bella stare ; et eum
qui recedat, fugere credi. "lrahendi veró. belli vix
ullam esse rationem. Tanta enim multitudini, uti-
que cüm jam hiems instaret, in regione vastà, et
invicem a suis atque hoste vexatà, non suffectura
alimenta. Ne dividi quidem copias posse, servato
more majorum, qui universas vires discrimini bel-
lorum semper obtulerint. Et (hercule) terribilem
anteà regem et absentià. suá ad vanam fiduciam
elatum, postquam adventare se senserit, cautum pro
temerario factum, delituisse inter angustias saltüs,
ritu ignobilium ferarum, quz strepitu przetereuntium
audito, silvarum latebris se .occuluerint. — Jam
etiam valetudinis simulatione frustrari suos milites.
Sed non ampliüs ipsum esse passurum detrectare
certamen. In illo specu, in quem pavidi recessis-
sent, oppressurum esse cunctantes." Ilaec magnifi-
centiüs jactata quàm veriüs.

Caterüm pecunià omni rebusque pretiosissimis
Damascum Syrie cum modico presidio militum
missis, reliquas copias in Ciliciam duxit, insequen-

ad

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 47

tibus more patrio agmen conjuge ac matre. Virgines
quoque cum parvo filio comitabantur patrem. Forte
eàdem nocte et Alexander ad fauces quibus Syria
aditur, et Darius ad eum locum, quem 1zazzcas

JPylas vocant, pervenit. Nec dubitavére Perse

quin Isso relictà, quam ceperant, Macedones fuge-

rent. Nam etiam saucii quidam et invalidi, qui
agmen non poterant persequi, excepti erant. Quos
omnes, instinctu purpuratorum, barbarà feritate
s2vientium, przecisis adustisque manibus circum-
duci, ut copias suas noscerent; satisque omnibus
spectatis, nuntiare quae vidissent regi suo jussit.
Motis ergó castris, superat Pinarem amnem, in ter-
gis, ut credebat, fugientium hasurus. At illi, quo-
rum amputaverat manus, ad castra Macedonum
penetrant, Darium, quanto maximo cursu posset,
sequi nunciantes. Vix fides habebatur. Itaque spe-
culatores in maritimas regiones praemissos explorare
jubet, ipse adesset, an praefectorum aliquis speciem
prabuisset universi venientis exercitüs. Sed cüm
speculatores reverterentur, procul ingens multitudo

«onspecta est. Ignes deinde totis campis collucere

cceperunt, omniaque velut continenti incendio ardere
visa, cüm incondita multitudo maximé propter ju-

menta laxiüs tenderet. Itaque eo ipso loco metari

suos castra jusserat, laetus, quod omni expetierat
voto, in illis potissimüm angustiis decernendum
esse.

Caeterüm, ut solet fieri, cüm ultimi discriminis
tempus adventat, in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est.
Illam ipsam fortunam, quà aspirante res tam pro-

Spereé gesserat, verebatur; nec injurià, ex his quz

tribuisset sibi, quàm mutabilis esset reputabat:

48 LATIN READER.

unam superesse noctem quz tanti discriminis mo-
raretur eventum. Rursüs occurrebat, majora peri-
culis praemia: et sicut dubium esset an vinceret, ita
illud utique certum esse, honesté et cum magná
laude moriturum. taque, corpora milites curare
jussit, ac deinde tertià vigilià instructos et armatos
esse. lpsein jugum editi montis ascendit, multis-
que collucentibus facibus patrio more sacrificium
diis praesidibus loci fecit. Jamque tertium, sicut
praeceptum erat, signum tubà miles acceperat, itineri
simul paratus ac praelio : strenuéque jussi procedere,
oriente luce pervenerunt ad angustias, quas occu-
pare decreverant. Darium triginta inde stadia
abesse praemissi indicabant. "Tunc consistere ag-
men jubet, armisque ipse sumptis aciem ordinat.
Dario adventum hostium pavidi agrestes nuntia-
verunt, vix credenti occurrere etiam, quos ut fugi-
entes sequebatur. Ergó non mediocris omnium
animos formido incesserat: quippe itineri quàm
prelio aptiores erant, raptimque arma capiebant.
Sed ipsa festinatio discurrentium, suosque ad arma
vocantium, majorem metum incussit. Alii in jugum
montis evaserant, ut hostium agmen inde prospice-
rent: equos plerique franabant: discore exercitus,
nec ad unum intentus imperium, vario tuníiultu
cuncta turbaverat. Darius initio jugum montis cum
parte copiarum occupare statuit, et a fronte et a
tergo circumiturus hostem: a mari quoque, quo
dextrum ejus cornu tegebatur, alios objecturus, ut
undique urgeret. Preter hac, viginti milia prz-
missa cum sagittariorum manu, Pinarum amnem,
qui duo agmina interfluebat, transire, et objicere
sese Macedonum copiis jusserat. Si id praestare

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 49

non possent, retrocedere in montes, et occulté cir-
cumire ultimos hostium. X Caeterüm destinata salu-
briter omni ratione potentior fortuna discussit :
quippe alii pre metu imperium exsequi non aude-
bant, alii frustrà exsequebantur: quia ubi partes
labant summa turbatur.

Acies autem hoc modo stetit. mNabarzanes equi-
tatu dextrum cornu tuebatur, additis funditorum
sagittariorumque viginti fermé milibus. In eodem
Thymodes erat Graecis peditibus mercede conductis
triginta milibus praepositus. Hoc erat haud dubie
robur exercitüs, par Macedonice phalangi acies. In
levo cornu Aristomedes "Thessalus viginti milia
barbarorum peditum habebat. In subsidiis pugna-
cissimas locaverat gentes. Ipsum regem in eodem
cornu dimicaturum, tria milia delectorum equitum
assueta corporis .custodià, et pedestris acies qua-
draginta milia, sequebantur. Hyrcani deinde Me-
dique equites: his proximi ceterarum gentium
equites dextrà lavàque dispositi. | Hoc agmen,
sicut dictum est instructum, sex milia jaculatorum
funditorumque antecedebant. Quidquid in illis an-
gustis adiri poterat, impleverant copia, cornuaque
hinc a jugo, illinc a mari stabant: uxorem .ma-
tremque regis, et alium feminarum gregem, in
medium agmen acceperant.

Alexander phalangem, quà nihil apud Macedonas
validius erat, in fronte constituit. Dextrum cornu
Nicanor Parmenionis filius tuebatur: huic proximi
stabant Coenos, et Perdiccas, et Meleager, et Ptole-
maus, et Amyntas, sui quisque agminis duces. In
laevo, quod ad mare pertinebat, Craterus et Parme-
nio erant, sed Craterus Parmenioni parere jussus.

A

50 LATIN READER.

Equites ab utroque cornu locati, dextrum Mace-
dones, 'Thessalis adjunctis, levum Peloponnesii
tuebantur. Ante hanc aciem posuerat funditorum
manum, sagittariis admixtis; "Thraces quoque et
Cretenses ante agmen ibant, et ipsi leviter armati.
At his qui pramissi a Dario jugum montis insede-
rant Agrianos opposuit, ex Graccià nuper advectos.
Parmenioni autem praeceperat, ut quantüm posset
agmen ad mare extenderet, quó longius abesset
montibus, quos occupaverant barbari. . At illi, ne-
que obstare venientibus, nec circumire praetergressos
ausi, funditorum maximé aspectu territi profuge-
rant: eaque res Alexandro tutum agminis latus,
quod ne superne incesseretur timuerat, praestitit.
Triginta et duo armatorum ordines ibant; neque
enim latius extendi aciem patiebantur angustiz.
Paulatim deinde laxare se sinus: montium, et majus
spatium aperire coperant; ita ut non pedes solüm
pluribus ordinibus incedere, sed etiam lateribus cir-
cumfundi posset equitatus.

jam in conspectu, sed extra teli jactum utraque
acies erat, cüm priores Persa inconditum et trucem
sustulére clamorem. Redditur et a Macedonibus
major exercitüs numero, jugis montium vastisque
saltibus repercussus; quippe semper circumjecta
nemora petreque quantamcumque accepére vocem
multiplicato sono referunt. Alexander ante prima
signa ibat, identidem manu suos inhibens ne suspen-
si, acriüs ob nimiam festinationem concitato spiritu,
capesserent praelium. |Cümque agmini obequitaret,
varià oratione milites alloquebatur. Macedones,
tot bellorum. in Europáà victores, ad subigendam
Asiam atque ultima Orientis, non ipsius magis

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 51

quàm suo ductu profecti, inveterate virtutis admo-
nebantur. Illos terrarum: orbis liberatores, emen-
sosque olim Herculis et Liberi patris terminos, non
Persis modó, sed etiam omnibus gentibus impositu-
ros jugum: Macedonum Bactra et Indos fore:
minima esse quae nunc intuerentur, sed omnia vi-
ctorià aperiri. Non in przruptis petris Illyriorum et
'Thracie saxis sterilem laborem fore: spolia totius
Orientis offerri. Vix gladio futurum opus; totam
aciem, suo pavore fluctuantem, umbonibus posse
propellhi. Victor ad haec Atheniensium Philippus
pater invocabatur, domiteque nuper Boeotie, et
urbis in eà nobilissim:, ad solum dirute, species
representabatur animis: jam Granicum amnem,
jam tot urbes aut expugnatas, aut in fidem acceptas,
omniaque quae post tergum erant, strata et pedibus
ipsorum subjecta memorabat. (QCüm adierat Grz-
cos, admonebat, "ab iis gentibus illata Grecie
bella, Darii prius, deinde Xerxis insolentià, aquam
ipsam terramque poscentium: ut neque fontium
haustum, nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis:
ab his templa ruinis et ignibus esse deleta, urbes
eorum expugnatas, feedera humani divinique juris
violata" referebat. Illyrios veró et Thracas, rapto
vivere assuetos, aciem hostium auro purpuráàque
fulgentem intueri jubebat, praedam non arma ge-
stantem. Irent, et imbellibus feminis aurum viri
eriperent. Aspera montium suorum juga, nudasque
calles et perpetuo rigentes gelu, ditibus Persarum
campis agrisque mutarent.

Jam ad teli jactum pervenerant, cüm Persarum
equites ferociter in laevum cornu hostium invecti
sunt. Quippe Darius equestri prelio decernere

52 LATIN READER.

optabat, phalangem Macedonici exercitüs robur esse
conjectans. Jamque etiam dextrum Alexandri cornu
circumibatur: quod ubi Macedo conspexit, duabus
alis equitum ad jugum montis jussis subsistere, ce-
teros in medium belli discrimen strenue transfert.
Subductis deinde ex acie 'Thessalis equitibus, prze-
fectum eorum occulté circumire tergum suorum
jubet, Parmenionique conjungi, et quod is impe-
rásset impigré exsequi. Jamque ipsi in medium
Persarum undique circumfusi egregié. tuebantur :
sed conferti, et quasi cohzerentes, tela vibrare non
poterant. Simul erant emissa, in eosdem concur-
rentia implicabantur, levique et vano ictu pauca in
hostem, plura in humum innoxia cadebant. Ergó
cominüs pugnam coacti conserere, gladios impigre
stringunt. 'Tum veró multum sanguinis fusum est:
duz quippe acies ita cohzrebant, ut armis arma
pulsarent, mucrones in ora dirigerent: non timido,
non ignavo cessare tum licuit: collato pede, quasi
singuli inter se dimicarent, in eodem vestigio sta-
bant, donec vincendo locum sibi facerent. "lum
demum ergó promovebant gradum, cüm hostem
prostraverant. At illos novus excipiebat adversa-
rius fatigatos: nec vulnerati, ut aliàs solent, acie
poterant excedere, cüm hostis instaret a fronte, a
tergo sui urgerent.

Alexander non ducis magis quàm militis munia
exsequebatur; opimum decus caso rege expetens.
Quippe Darius curru sublimis eminebat, et suis ad
se tuendum, et hostibus ad incessendum, ingens in-
citamentum. Ergó frater ejus Oxathres, cüm Alex-
andrum instare ei cerneret, equites quibus praeerat
ante ipsum currum regis objecit, armis et robore

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 53

corporis multüm super caeteros eminens, animo veró
et pietate in paucissimis: illo utique pralio clarus,
alios improvide instantes prostravit, alios in fugam
avertit. At Macedones, (circa regem erant,)
mutuà adhortatione firmati, cum ipso in equitum
agmen irrumpunt. "l'um vero similis ruinge strages
erat. Circa currum Darii jacebant nobilissimi duces,
ante oculos regis egregià morte defuncti, omnes in
ora proni, sicut dimicantes procubuerant, adverso
corpore vulneribus acceptis. Inter hos Atizyes et
Rheomithres et Sabaces prattor /Egypti, magnorum
exercituum praefecti, noscitabantur: circa eos cumu-
lata erat peditum equitumque obscurior turba.
Macedonum quoque, non quidem multi, sed. prom-
ptissimi tamen caesi sunt : inter quos Alexandri dex-
trum femur leviter mucrone perstrictum est.
Jamque qui Darium vehebant equi coníossi ha-
stis, et dolore efferati, jugum quatere, et regem
curru excutere coeperant: cüm ille, veritus ne vivus
veniret in hostium potestatem, desilit, et in equum
qui ad hoc ipsum sequebatur imponitur; insignibus
quoque imperii, ne fugam proderent, indecoré abje-
ctis. Tum veró ceteri dissipantur metu, et quà
cuique ad fugam patebat via erumpunt, arma jaci-
entes qua pauló anté ad tutelam corporum sumpse-
rant: adeó pavor etiam auxilia formidat. Instabat
fugientibus eques a Parmenione missus, et forte in
illud cornu omnes fuga abstulerat. Equi pariter
equitesque Persarum, serie laminarum graves,
agmen, quod celeritate maxime constat, egre molie-
bantur : quippe in circumagendis equis suis Thessali
multos occupaverant. Hac tam prosperà pugnà
nuntiatà, Alexander, non anté ausus persequi barba-

94 LATIN READER.

ros, utrimque jam victor instare fugientibus coepit.
Haud amplius regem quàm mille equites sequeban-
tur, cüm ingens multitudo hostium caderet. Sed
quis aut in victorià aut in fugà copias numerat?
Agebantur ergó a tam paucis pecorum modo; et
idem metus qui cogebat fugere, fugientes mora-
batur.

At Graci qui in Darii partibus steterant, Amintà
duce, (praetor hic Alexandri fuerat, tunc transfuga)
abrupti a ceteris, haud sané fugientibus similes eva-
serant. Barbari longe diversam fugam intenderunt :
alii quà rectum iter in Persidem ducebat; quidam
circuitu rupes saltusque montium occultos petivére,
pauci castra Darii. Sed jam illa quoque victor in-
traverat, omni quidem opulentià ditia. Ingens auri
argentique pondus, non belli sed luxurie apparatum,
diripuerant milites. Cümque plus raperent, passim
strata erant itinera vilioribus sarcinis, quas in com-
paratione meliorum avaritia contempserat. Jamque
ad feminas perventum erat, quibus, quo cariora
ornamenta sunt, violentiüs detrahebantur ; ne corpo-
ribus quidem vis ac libido parcebat. Omnia planctu
tumultuque, prout cuique fortuna erat, repleverant ;
nec ulla facies mali deérat, cüm per omnes ordines
setatesque victoris crudelitas ac licentia vagaretur.
"Tunc veró impotentis fortunze species conspici po-
tuit, cüm ii qui tum Dario tabernaculum exornave-
rant, omni luxu et opulentià instructum, eadem illa
Alexandro, quasi veteri domino, reservabant. Nam-
que id solum intactum omiserant milites; ita tradito
more, ut victorem victi regis tabernaculo exci-
perent. |

Sed omnium oculos animosque in semet converte-

e

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 55

rant captiva mater conjuxque Darii: illa non
majestate solüm, sed etiam zetate venerabilis; hac
formae pulchritudine, ne illà quidem sorte corrupte.
Receperat in sinum filium, nondum sextum aetatis
annum egressum, in spem tanta fortune, quantam
pater ejus paulo anté amiserat, genitum. At in gre-
mio anüs avia jacebant adulte duz virgines, non
suo tantüm, sed illius etiam moerore confecta. In-
gens circa eam nobilium feminarum turba constite-
rat, laceratis crinibus, abscisàque veste, pristini
decoris immemores, reginas dominasque veris quon-
dam tunc alienis nominibus invocantes. lle, suz
calamitatis oblitze, in utro cornu Darius stetisset, quae
fortuna discriminis fuisset, requirebant. Negabant
se captas, si viveret rex. Sed illum equos subinde
mutantem longiüs fuga abstulerat. In acie autem
caesa sunt Persarum peditum centum milia: decem
milia equitum. At a parte Alexandri quattuor et
quingenti saucii fuére, ex peditibus triginta omnino
et duo desiderati sunt, equitum centum quinquaginta
interfecti. '"l'antulo impendio ingens victoria stetit.
^iRex quidem, Darium persequendo fatigatus,
postquam et nox appetebat et consequendi spes non
erat, in castra paulo anté a suis capta pervenit. In-
vitari deinde amicos quibus maxime assueverat
jussit: quippe summa dumtaxat cutis in femore
perstricta non prohibebat interesse convivio: cüm
repenté e proximo tabernaculo lugubris clamor,
barbaro ululatu planctuque permixtus, epulantes
conterruit Cohors quoque, qua excubabat ad
tabernaculum regis, verita ne majoris motüs princi-
pium esset, armare se coeperat. Causa pavoris
subiti fuit, quód mater uxorque Darii, cum captivis

56 LATIN READER.

nobilibus, regem, quem interfectum esse credebant,
ingenti gemitu ejulatuque deflebant. Unus namque
e captivis spadonibus, qui forté ante ipsarum taber-
naculum steterat, amiculum (quod Darius, sicut
pauló anté dictum est, ne cultu proderetur, abjece-
rat) in manibus ejus qui repertum ferebat, agnovit:
ratusque interfecto detractum esse, falsum nuntium
mortis ejus attulerat. Hoc mulierum errore com-
perto, Alexander fortune Darii et pietati earum
illacrimásse fertur. Ac primó Mithrenem, qui Sar-
dis prodiderat, peritum Persice lingua, ire ad con-
solandas eas jusserat. Veritus deinde ne proditor
captivarum iram doloremque gravaret, Leonnatum
ex purpuratis suis misit, jussum indicare falsó la-
mentari eas vivum. llle cum paucis armigeris in
tabernaculum in quo captiva erant pervenit, mis-
sumque se a rege nuntiari jubet. At hi qui in
vestibulo erant, ut armatos conspexére, rati actum
esse de dominis, in tabernaculum currunt, vocife-
rantes adesse supremam horam, missosque qui occi-
derent captas. Itaque, ut quze nec prohibere possent,
nec admittere auderent, nullo responso dato, tacitae
opperiebantur victoris arbitrium. Leonnatus, ex-
spectato diu qui se introduceret, postquam nemo
procedere audebat, relictis in vestibulo satellitibus,
intrat in tabernaculum. | Ea ipsa res turbaverat
feminas, quód irrupisse non admissus videbatur.
Itaque mater et conjux provolute ad pedes orare
cceperunt, ut, priüs quàm interficerentur, Darii cor-
pus ipsis patrio more sepelire permitteret: functas
supremo in regem officio impigré sese morituras.
Leonnatus et vivere Darium, et ipsas non incolumes
modo, sed etiam apparatu pristinae fortuna regi-

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 57

nas fore. Tum demum mater Darii allevari se
passa est. :

Alexander die postero, cum curà sepultis militi-
bus quorum corpora invenerat, Persarum quoque
nobilissimis eumdem honorem haberi jubet, matrique
Dari permitti, quos vellet patrio more sepeliret.
Illa paucos arctà propinquitate conjunctos pro habitu
presentis fortunae humari jussit, apparatum fune-
rum quo Perse suprema officia celebrarent invidi-
osum fore existimans, cüm victores haud pretiosé
cremarentur. jamque justis defunctorum corpori-
bus solutis, pramittit ad captivas qui nuntiarent
ipsum venire: inhibitàque comitantium turbà, ta-
bernaculum cum Hephaestione intrat. Is longé
omnium amicorum carissimus erat regi, cum ipso
pariter eductus, secretorum omnium arbiter: liber-
tatis quoque in admonendo eo non alius jus habebat,
quod tamen ita usurpabat ut magis a rege permis-
sum quàm vindicatum ab eo videretur; et sicut
setate par erat regi, ita corporis habitu przastabat.
Ergo regina illum regem esse rate, suo more
venerate sunt. Inde ex captivis spadonibus quis
Alexander esset monstrantibus, Sisigambis advoluta
est pedibus ejus, ignorationem numquam anteà visi
regis excusans. Quam manu allevans rex: " Non
errásti " inquit " mater, nam et hic Alexander est."
Bonum animum habere eas jussit: Darii deinde
filium collo suo admovit. Atque nil ille conspectu
tunc primüm a se visi conterritus, cervicem ejus
manibus amplectitur. ^ Motus ergo rex constantià
pueri, Hephasstionem intuens, "Quam vellem" in-
quit " Darius aliquid ex hac indole hausisset ! "

LATIN READER.

Barbarae opulentie in illis locis haud ulla sunt
majora indicia, quàm magnis nemoribus saltibusque
nobilium ferarum greges clausi. Spatiosas ad hoc
eligunt silvas, crebris perennium aquarum fontibus
amcoenas. Muris nemora cinguntur, turresque ha-

bent venantium receptacula. Quattuor continuis

statibus intactum saltum fuisse constabat; quem
Alexander cum toto exercitu ingressus, agitari undi-
que feras jussit. Inter quas cüm leo magnitudinis
rare ipsum regem invasurus incurreret, forte Lysi-
machus (qui posteà regnavit), proximus Alexandro,
venabulum objicere ferze coeperat. Quo rex repulso,
et abire jusso, adjecit tam a semet uno quàm a
Lysimacho leonem interfici posse. Lysimachus
enim quondam, cüm venaretur in Syrià, occiderat
quidem eximia magnitudinis feram solus, sed lavo
humero usque ad ossa laceratus ad ultimum periculi
pervenerat. Id ipsum exprobrans ei rex, fortiüs
quàm locutus est fecit. Nam feram non excepit
modo, sed etiam uno vulnere occidit. Fabulam quae
objectum leoni a rege Lysimachum temeré vulgavit,
ab eo casu quem suprà diximus ortam esse credi-
derim. Ceterüm Macedones, quamquam prospero
eventu defunctus erat Alexander, tamen scivére
gentis suz? more, ne aut pedes venaretur, aut sine
delectis principum atque amicorum. llle quattuor
milibus ferarum dejectis, in eodem saltu cum toto
exercitu epulatus est.

Inde Maracanda reditum est: acceptáque setatis

EBERT SR LA

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 59

excusatione ab Artabazo, provinciam ejus destinat
Clito. Hic erat qui apud Granicum amnem nudo
capite regem dimicantem clipeo suo texit, et Rho-
sacis manum capiti regis imminentem gladio ampu-
tavit; vetus Philippi miles, multisque bellicis
operibus clarus. Hellanice, quae Alexandrum edu-
caverat, soror ejus, haud secüs quàm mater a rege
diligebatur. Ob has causas validissimam imperii
partem fidei ejus tutelaeque, commisit. Jamque iter
parare in posterum jussus, solemni et tempestivo
adhibetur convivio. In quo rex cüm multo incalu-
isset mero, immodicus aestimator sui, celebrare qua
gesserat coepit; gravis etiam eorum auribus qui
sentiebant vera memorari. Silentium tamen habu-
ére seniores, donec Philippi res orsus obterere,
nobilem apud Chaeroneam victoriam sui operis fuisse
jactavit, ademptamque sibi malignitate et invidià
patris tanta rei gloriam: illum quidem seditione
inter Macedones milites et Graecos mercenarios ortà,
-debilitatum vulnere quod in eà consternatione acce-
perat jacuisse, non aliàs quàm simulatione mortis
tutiorem ; se corpus ejus protexisse clipeo suo, ruen-
tesque in illum suà manu occisos; quae patrem
numquam aequo animo esse confessum, invitum filio
debentem salutem suam; itaque post expeditionem
-quam sine eo fecisset ipse in Illyrios, victorem scrip-
-sisse se patri, fusos fugatosque hostes, nec affuisse
"usquam Philippum; laude dignos esse, non qui
.Samothracum initia viserent, cüm Asiam uri vasta-
. rique oportet, sed eos, qui magnitudine rerum fidem
-antecessissent.

Haec et his similia leti audiére juvenes; ingrata
senioribus erant, maxime propter Philippum, sub

60 | LATIN READER.

quo diutiüs vixerant: cüm Clitus, ne ipse quidem
sobrius, ad eos qui infra ipsum cubabant conver-
sus, Euripidis retulit carmen (ita ut sonus magis
quàm sermo exaudiri posset a rege), quo significa-
batur, " malé instituisse Graecos quód tropaeis regum
dumtaxat nomina inscriberent; alieno enim san-
guine partam gloriam intercipi." Itaque rex cüm
suspicaretur maligniüs habitum esse sermonem,
percontari proximos coepit quid ex Clito audissent.
Et illis ad silentium obstinatis, Clitus paulatim ma-
jore voce Philippi acta bellaque in Grzcià gesta
commemorat, omnia presentibus praeferens. Hinc
inter Juniores senesque orta contentio est; et rex,
velut patienter audiret, quis Clitus obterebat laudes
ejus, ingentem iram conceperat. Ceterüm cüm
animo videretur imperaturus, si finem procaciter
orto sermoni Clitus imponeret, nihil eorum remit-
tente magis exasperabatur. Jamque Clitus etiam
Parmenionem defendere audebat, et Philippi de
Atheniensibus victoriam 'Thebarum praeferebat exci-
dio; non vino modo, sed etiam animi pravà conten-
tione provectus. Ad ultimum, * Si moriendum " in-
quit "est pro te, Clitus est primus: at cüm victoriae
arbitrium agis, praecipuum ferunt, qui procacissime
patris tui memori: illudunt. Sogdianam regionem
mihi attribuis, toties rebellem, et non modó indomi-
tam, sed qua ne subigi quidem possit. Mittor ad
feras bestias, praecipitia ingenia sortitas. Sed qua
ad me pertinent transeo. Philippi milites spernis,
oblitus, nisi hic Atharrias senex juniores pugnam
detrectantes revocásset, adhuc nos circa Halicarnas-.
sum haesuros fuisse. Quomodo ergo Asiam etiam
cum istis junioribus subjecisti? "Verum est (ut opi-

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 61

nor) quod avunculum tuum in Italià dixisse constat :
ipsum in viros incidisse, te in feminas."

Nihil ex omnibus inconsulté ac temeré actis re-
gem magis moverat, quàm Parmenionis cum honore
mentio illata; dolorem tamen rex pressit, contentus
jussisse ut convivio excederet: nec quidquam aliud
adjecit, quàm forsitan eum (si diutiüs locutus foret)
exprobraturum sibi fuisse vitam a semetipso datam:
hoc enim superbe sepe jactásse. Atque illum cun-
ctantem adhuc surgere, qui proximi ei cubuerant,
injectis manibus, jurgantes monentesque conabantur
abducere. Clitus cüm abstraheretur, ad pristinam
violentiam irà quoque adjectà, " Suo pectore tergum
ilius esse defensum; nunc postquàm tanti meriti
praterierit tempus, etiam memoriam invisam esse "
proclamat. Attali quoque caedem objiciebat; et ad
ultimum Jovis, quem patrem sibi Alexander assere-
ret, oraculum eludens, veriora se regi, quàm patrem
ejus, respondisse dicebat.

jam tantum irze conceperat rex, quantum vix so-
brius ferre potuisset. -Enimveró olim mero sensibus
victis, ex lecto repente prosiluit. Attoniti amici, ne
positis quidem sed abjectis poculis, consurgunt, in
eventum rei quam tanto impetu acturus esset intenti.
Alexander raptà: lanceà ex manibus armigeri, Cli-
tum adhuc eàdem lingue intemperantià furentem
percutere conatus, a Ptolemaeo et Perdiccà inhibetur.
Medium complexi et obluctari perseverantem mora-
bantur: Lysimachus et Leonnatus etiam lanceam
abstulerant. Ille militum fidem implorans, compre-
hendi se a proximis amicorum, quod Dario nuper
accidisset, exclamat; signumque tubà dari, ut ad
regiam armati coirent, jubet. "Tum veró Ptolemaeus

62 LATIN READER.

et Perdiccas genibus advoluti orant, ne in tam pra-
cipiti irà perseveret, spatiumque potiüs animo det:
- omnia postero die justiüs exsecuturum. Sed clause
erant aures, obstrepente irà. Itaque impotens ani-
mi percurrit in regiz vestibulum, et, vigili excubanti
hastà ablatà, constitit in aditu, quo necesse erat iis
qui simul cenaverant egredi. Abierant ceteri:
Clitus. ultimus sine lumine exibat. Quem rex
"quisnam esset" interrogat. | Eminebat etiam in
voce sceleris quod parabat atrocitas. Et ille jam
non suae, sed regis irze memor, Clitum esse, et de
convivio exire respondit. Heec dicentis latus hastà
transfixit, morientisque sanguine aspersus, " I nunc "
inquit ^ad Philippum, et Parmenionem, et At-
talum."

Malé humanis ingeniis natura consuluit, quód
plerümque non futura, sed transacta perpendimus.
Quippe rex postquàm ira mente decesserat, etiam
ebrietate discussà, magnitudinem facinoris serà zesti-
matione perspexit. Videbat tunc immodicà liber-
tate abusum, sed alioquin egregium bello virum, et
nisi erubesceret fateri, servatorem sui, occisum.
Detestabile carnificis ministerium occupaverat rex,
verborum licentiam, qua vino poterat imputari, ne-
fandà cade ultus. Manabat toto vestibulo cruor
paulo anté conviva; vigiles attoniti et stupentibus
similes procul stabant, liberioremque poenitentiam
solitudo excipiebat. Ergó hastam ex corpore jacen-
tis evulsam retorsit in semet: jamque admoverat
pectori, cüm advolant vigiles, et repugnanti e mani-
bus extorquent, allevatumque in tabernaculum de-
ferunt. Ille humi prostraverat corpus; gemitu
ejulatuque miserabili totam personans regiam. La-

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 63

niare deinde os unguibus, et circumstantes rogare
ne se tanto dedecori superstitem esse paterentur.
Inter has preces tota nox extracta est: scrutantem-
que, num irà Deorum ad tantum nefas -actus esset,
subit anniversarium sacrificium Libero patri non
esse redditum stato tempore. taque inter vinum
et epulas caede commissà, iram Dei fuisse mani-
festam.

Ceterüm magis eo movebatur, quód omnium ami-
corum animos videbat attonitos; neminem cum ipso
sociare sermonem posteà ausurum; vivendum esse
in solitudine, velut ferae bestie terrenti alias, alias
timenti. Primáà deinde luce tabernaculo corpus, sic-
ut adhuc cruentum erat, jussit inferri. Quo posito
ante ipsum, lacrimis obortis, * Hanc," inquit " nutri-
ci mez gratiam retuli, cujus duo filii apud Miletum
pro meà glorià occubuére mortem; hic frater, uni-
cum orbitatis solatium, a me inter epulas occisus
est. Quo nunc se conferet misera? Omnibus ejus
unus supersum, quem solum aequis oculis videre non
poterit. Et ego, servatorum meorum latro, revertar
in patriam, ut ne dextram quidem nutrici, sine me-
morià calamitatis ejus, offerre possim!" Et cüm
finis lacrimis querelisque non fieret, jussu amicorum
corpus ablatum est. Rex triduum jacuit inclusus.
Quem ut armigeri coporisque custodes ad morien-
dum obstinatum esse cognoverunt, universi in taber-
naculum irrumpunt, diuque precibus ipsorum re-
luctatum zegré vicerunt ut cibum caperet. . Quoque
minüs cadis puderet, jure interfectum Clitum Mace-
dones decernunt, sepulturà quoque prohibituri, ni
rex humari jussisset.

64 LATIN READER.

4. Defeat of Porus.

[Book VIII. Chapters 13, 14.]

Ad amnem Hydaspem pervenit : in cujus ulteriore
ripà Porus consederat, transitu prohibiturus hostem.
Octoginta et quinque elephantos objecerat eximio
corporum robore ; ultraque eos, currus trecentos et
peditum triginta feré milia: in quis erant sagittarii
gravioribus telis quàm ut apté excuti possent. Ipsum
vehebat elephantus super ceteras beluas eminens:
armaque auro et argento distincta corpus rare ma-
gnitudinis honestabant. Par animus robori corporis,
et, quanta inter rudes poterat esse, sapientia.

Macedonas non conspectus hostium solüm, sed
etiam fluminis quod transeundum erat magnitudo
terrebat. Quattuor in latitudinem stadia diffusus
profundo alveo, et nusquam vada aperiente, speciem
vasti maris fecerat. Nec pro spatio aquarum late
stagnantium impetum coercebat ; sed quasi in arctum
coéuntibus ripis, torrens et elisus ferebatur: occul-
taque saxa inesse ostendebant pluribus locis undae
repercussa. T'erribilior erat facies ripae, quam equi
virique compleverant. Stabant ingentes vastorum
corporum moles, et de industrià irritatae horrendo
stridore aures fatigabant. Hinc amnis hinc hostis,
capacia quidem bonae spei pectora, et sepe se ex-
perta, improviso tamen pavore percusserant : quippe
instabiles rates nec dirigi ad ripam, nec tutó appli-
cari posse credebant. Erant in medio amne insule
crebrae, in quas Indi et Macedones nantes, levatis
super capita armis, transibant. Ibi levia proelia
conserebantur, et uterque rex parva rei discrimine

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 65

summae experiebatur eventum. — Ceterüm in Mace-
donum exercitu temeritate atque audacià insignes
fuüére Symmachus et Nicanor, nobiles juvenes, et
perpetuà partium felicitate ad spernendum omne
periculum accensi. Quis ducibus promptissimi ju-
venum lanceis modó armati transnavére in insulam,
quam frequens hostis tenebat; multosque. Indorum,
nullà re magis quàm audacià armati, interemerunt.
Abire cum glorià poterant, si umquam temeritas felix
inveniret modum; sed dum supervenientes con-
temptim et superbé quoque exspectant, circumventi
ab his qui occulti enaverant, eminüs obruti telis
sunt. Qui effugerant hostem aut impetu amnis ab-
lati sunt, aut vorticibus impliciti. Eaque pugna mul-
tüm fiduciam Pori erexit, cuncta cernentis e ripà.
Alexander inops consilii tandem ad fallendum
hostem talem dolum intendit. Erat insula in flumine
-amplior ceteris, silvestris eadem, et tegendis insidiis
apta. Fossa quoque praealta haud procul ripà quam
tenebat ipse, non pedites modó, sed etiam cum equis
viros poterat abscondere. Igitur ut a custodià hujus
opportunitatis oculos hostium averteret, Ptolemaeum
cum omnibus turmis obequitare jussit procul insulà,
et subinde Indos clamore terrere, quasi flumen
transnaturus foret. Per complures dies Ptolemaeus
id fecit, eoque consilio Porum quoque agmen suum
ei parti, quam se petere simulabat, coégit advertere.
Jam extra conspectum hostis insula erat. Alexan-
der in diversà parte ripae statui suum tabernaculum
jussit, assuetamque comitari ipsum cohortem ante
id tabernaculum stare, et omnem apparatum regia
- magnificentizde hostium oculis de industrià ostendi;
Attalum etiam aequalem sibi, et haud disparem

66 LATIN READER.

habitu oris et corporis (utique cüm procul viseretur)
veste regià exornat, prabiturum speciem ipsum re-
gem ill ripa prasidere, nec agitare de transitu.
Hujus consilii effectum primó morata tempestas est,
mox adjuvit ; incommoda quoque ad bonos adventus
vertente fortunà. 'Trajicere amnem cum ceteris
copiis in regionem insulae (de quà anté dictum est)
parabat, averso hoste in eos qui cum Ptolemzao in-
feriorem obsederant ripam; cüm procella imbrem
vix sub tectis tolerabilem effundit; obrutique milites
nimbo in terram refugerunt, navigiis ratibusque de-
sertis. Sed tumultuantium fremitus, obstrepentibus
ventis, ab hoste non poterat audiri. Deinde momen-
to temporis repressus est imber; ceterüm adeó
spissee intendére se nubes, ut conderent lucem, vix-
que colloquentium inter ipsos facies noscitarentur.
Terruisset alium obducta nox calo, cüm ignoto
amne navigandum esset, forsitan hoste eam ipsam
ripam, quam cocci atque improvidi, et ex periculo
gloriam accersentes petebant, occupante. XObscuri-
tatem, quae ceteros terrebat, suam occasionem ratus,
dato signo ut omnes silentio ascenderent, ratem eam
quà ipse vehebatur primam jussit expelli. Vacua
erat ab hostibus ripa qua petebatur; quippe adhuc
Porus Ptolemaeum tantüm intuebatur. | Unà ergó
navi, quam petrae fluctus illiserat, haerente, ceterae
evadunt; armaque capere milites, et ire in ordinem
jussit.

jamque agmen in cornua divisum ipse ducebat,
cüm Poro nuntiatur, armis virisque ripam obtineri,
et rerum adesse discrimen. Ac primó, humani in-
genii vitio, spei suze indulgens, Abisaren belli so-
cium, (et ita convenerat,) adventare credebat. Mox

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 67

liquidiore luce aperiente hostem, centum quadrigas
et quattuor milia equitum venienti agmini Porus
objecit. Dux erat copiarum quas pramisit Hages
frater ipsius; summa virium in curribus. Senos
viros singuli vehebant, duos clipeatos, duos sagitta-
rios, ab utroque-latere dispositos; aurigae erant
ceteri haud sané inermes, quippe jacula complura,
ubi cominüs preliandum erat, omissis habenis, in
hostem ingerebant. Ceterüm vix ullus usus hujus
auxilii eo die fuit. Namque (ut suprà dictum est)
imber violentiüs quàm aliàs fusus, campos lubricos
et inequitabiles fecerat: gravesque et propemodüm
immobiles currus illuvie ac voraginibus harebant.
Contrà Alexander expedito ac levi agmine strenue
invectus est. Scytha et Dahae primi omnium inva-
sére Indos : Perdiccam deinde cum equitibus in dex-
trum cornu hostium emisit.

jam undique pugna se moverat, cüm hi qui cur-
rus agebant, illud ultimum auxilium suorum rati,
effusis habenis in medium discrimen ruere cope-
runt. Anceps id malum utrisque erat: nam et
Macedonum pedites primo impetu obterebantur,
et per lubrica atque invia immissi currus excutiebant
eos a quibus regebantur; aliorum turbati equi non
in voragines modó lacunasque, sed etiam in amnem
pracipitavére curricula; pauci telis hostium exacti
penetravére ad Perum, acerrimé pugnam cientem.
Is, ut dissipatos totà acie currus vagari sine rectori-
bus vidit, proximis amicorum distribuit elephantos.
Post eos posuerat pedites ac sagittarios tympana
pulsare solitos. Id pro cantu tubarum Indis erat;
nec strepitu eorum movebantur, olim ad notum so-
num auribus mitigatis. Herculis simulacrum agmi-

68 LATIN READER.

ni peditum praeferebatur ; id maximum erat bellan-
tibus incitamentum ; et deseruisse gestantes militare
flagitium habebatur. Capitis etiam sanxerant pce-
nam his qui ex acie non retulissent ; metu quem ex
illo hoste quondam conceperant, etiam in religionem
venerationemque converso. Macedonas non belua-
rum modo, sed etiam ipsius regis aspectus parumper
inhibuit. Belus, dispositze inter armatos, speciem
turrium procul fecerant. Ipse Porus humane
magnitudinis propemodüm excesserat formam.
Magnitudini adjicere videbatur belua quà veheba-
tur, tantum inter ceteras eminens, quantum aliis
ipse praestabat.

Itaque Alexander contemplatus et regem et ag-
men Indorum, *'lTandem" inquit "par animo meo
periculum video.: Cum bestiis simul et cum egre-
gis viris res est." Intuensque Cenon, " Cüm ego"
inquit " Ptolemzao Perdiccáque et Hephseesstione co-
mitatus, in laevum hostium cornu impetum fecero,
viderisque me in medio ardore certaminis, ipse dex-
trum move, et turbatis signa infer. "Tu, Antigene,
et tu Leonnate, et Tauron, invehemini in mediam
aciem, et urgebitis frontem. Haste nostre pra-
longa et valida non aliàs magis quàm adversüs
beluas rectoresque earum usui esse poterunt: de-
turbate eos qui vehuntur, et ipsas confodite. An-
ceps genus auxilii est, et in suos acriüs furit. In
hostem enim imperio, in suos pavore agitur." Hec
elocutus, concitat equum primus ; jamque (ut desti-
natum erat) invaserat ordines hostium, cüm Conus
ingenti vi in laevum cornu invehitur. Phalanx quo-
que mediam Indorum aciem uno impetu perrupit.

At Porus, quà equitem invehi senserat, beluas agi

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 69

jussit: sed tardum et peené immobile animal equo-
rum velocitatem aequare non poterat. Ne sagittarum
quidem ullus erat barbaris usus. Quippe longas et
pragraves, nisi prius in terrà statuerunt arcum, haud
satis apte et commodé imponunt: tum humo lubricà
et ob id impediente conatum, molientes ictus, celeri-
tate hostium occupabantur. Ergó spreto regis im-
perio (quod feré fit, ubi turbatis acrius metus quàm
dux imperare coepit) totidem erant imperatores quot
agmina errabant. Alius jungere aciem, alius divi-
dere; stare quidam, et nonnulli circumvehi terga
hostium jubebant. Nihil in medium consulebatur.
Porus tamen cum paucis, quibus metu potior fuerat
pudor, colligere dispersos, obvius hosti ire pergit,
elephantosque ante agmen suorum agi jubet. Ma-
gnum belua injecére terrorem, insolitusque stridor
non equos modo, tam pavidum ad omnia animal, sed
| viros quoque ordinesque turbaverat.

jam fugae circumspiciebant locum pauló anté vi-
ctores, cüm Alexander Agrianos et Thracas leviter
armatos, meliorem concursatione quàm cominüs
militem, emisit in beluas. Ingentem hi vim telorum
injecére et elephantis et regentibus eos. Phalanx
quoque instare constanter territis coepit. Sed qui-
dam avidius persecuti beluas, in semet irritavére
vulneribus. Obtriti ergó pedibus earum, ceteris ut
parciüs instarent. fuére documentum. Praecipue
terribilis illa facies erat, cüm manu arma virosque
corriperent, et super se regentibus traderent. '. An-
ceps ergó pugna, nunc sequentium nunc fugientium
elephantos, in multum diei varium certamen ex-
traxit, donec securibus (id namque genus auxilii
praeparatum erat) pedes amputare cceperunt. Co-

7o LATIN READER.

pidas vocabant gladios leviter curvatos, falcibus
similes, quis appetebant beluarum manus. . Nec
quidquam inexpertum, non mortis modó, sed etiam
in ipsà morte, novi supplicii timor omittebat.

Ergó elephanti vulneribus tandem fatigati suos
impetu sternunt, et qui rexerant eos precipitati in
terram ab ipsis obterebantur. Itaque pecorum modo,
magis pavidi quàm infesti, ultra aciem exigebantur ;
cum Porus, destitutus a pluribus, tela multó anté
preparata in circumfusos ex elephanto suo ccpit
ingerere, multisque eminüs vulneratis, expositus
ipse ad ictus undique petebatur. Novem jam vul-
nera hinc tergo illinc pectore exceperat: multoque
sanguine profuso, languidis manibus magis elapsa
quàm excussa tela mittebat. Nec segniüs belua,
instincta rabie, nondum saucia, invehebatur ordini-
bus; donec rector belua regem conspexit fluentibus
membris, omissisque armis vix compotem mentis.
Tum beluam in fugam concitat, sequente Alexan-
dro; sed equus ejus multis vulneribus confossus de-
ficiensque procubuit, posito magis rege quàm effuso.
Itaque dum equum mutat, tardius insecutus est.

Interim frater Taxilis regis Indorum, praemissus
ab Alexandro, monere ccepit Porum, ne ultima ex-
periri perseveraret, dederetque se victori. At ille,
quamquam exhausta erant vires deficiebatque san-
guis, tamen ad notam vocem excitatus, " Agnosco "
inquit * Taxilis fratrem, imperii regnique sui prodi-
toris;" et telum, quod unum forte non effluxerat,
contorsit in eum ; quod per medium pectus penetra-
vit ad tergum. Hoc ultimo virtutis opere edito,
fugere acriüs cepit; sed elephantus quoque qui
multa exceperat tela deficiebat. Itaque sistit fugam,

QUINTUS CURTIUS. : 755

peditemque sequenti hosti objecit. Jam Alexander
consecutus erat, et pertinacià Pori cognità, vetabat
resistentibus parci. Ergó undique et in pedites et
in ipsum Porum tela congesta sunt; quis tandem
gravatus, labi ex beluà coepit. Indus, qui elephan-
. tum regebat, descendere eum ratus, more solito ele-
phantum procumbere jussit in genua: qui ut se
submisit, czeteri quoque (ita enim instituti erant) de-
misére corpora in terram. Ea res et Porum et cete-
ros victoribus tradidit.

Rex spoliari corpus Pori, interemptum esse cre-
dens, jubet, et qui detraherent loricam vestemque
concurrere ; cüm belua dominum tueri et spoliantes
ccepit appetere, levatumque corpus ejus rursüs dorso
suo imponere. Ergo telis undique obruitur, confos-
soque eo, in vehiculum Porus imponitur. Quem
' rex ut vidit allevantem oculos, non odio sed misera-
tione commotus, * Quae, malum!" inquit " amentia
te coégit, rerum mearum cognità famà belli, fortu-
nam experiri, cum Taxiles esset in deditos clemen-
tie meze tam propinquum tibi exemplum?" At ille,
* Quoniam " inquit * percontaris, respondebo eà lib-
ertate quam interrogando fecisti. Neminem me
fortiorem esse censebam. | Meas enim noveram
vires, nondum expertus tuas: fortiorem esse te belli
docuit eventus. Sed ne sic quidem parüm felix
sum, secundus tibi. Rursüs interrogatus, quid
ipse victorem statuere debere censeret : * Quod hic"
inquit "dies tibi suadet, quo expertus es quàm ca-
duca felicitas esset." Plus monendo profecit, quàm
Si precatus esset. Quippe magnitudinem animi
ejus interritam ac ne fortunà quidem infractam, non
misericordià modó, sed etiam honore excipere di-

72 LATIN READER.

gnatus est. /Egrum curavit haud secüs quàm si pro
ipso pugnásset; confirmatum contra spem omnium
in amicorum numerum recepit; mox donavit ampli-
ore regno quàm tenuit. Nec sané quidquam inge-
nium ejus solidius aut constantius habuit, quàm
admirationem verz laudis et glorie; simplicius
tamen famam aesstimabat in hoste quàm in cive.
Quippe a suis credebat magnitudinem suam destrui
posse; eamdem clariorem fore, quo majores fuis-
sent quos ipse vicisset. .

59. 72e Indian Ocean.

[Book IX. Chapters 9, 10o.]

Hinc in proximam gentem Z/a//am perventum
est. Rex erat Moeris, qui urbe desertà in montes
profugerat. Itaque Alexander oppido potitur, agros-
que populatur. Magna inde prada acte sunt
pecorum armentorumque, magna vis reperta fru-
menti. Ducibus deinde sumptis amnis peritis, de-
fluxit ad insulam medio fermé alveo enatam.

Ibi diutius subsistere coactus, quia duces socor-
diüs asservati profugerant, misit qui conquirerent
alios: nec repertis, pervicax cupido incessit visendi
Oceanum adeundique terminos mundi, ut sine re-
gionis peritis, flumini ignoto caput suum totque
fortissimorum virorum salutem permitteret. Navi-
gabant ergó omnium per quae ferebantur ignari:
quantum inde abesset mare, quae gentes colerent,.
quàm placidum amnis os, quàm patiens longarum
navium esset, anceps et ceca cestimatio auguraba-
tur. Unum erat temeritatis solatium, perpetua
felicitas. Jam quadringenta stadia processerant,

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 73

cüm gubernatores agnoscere ipsos auram maris, et
haud procul videri sibi Oceanum abesse, indicant
regi. Laetus ille hortari nauticos ccepit incumbe-
rent remis; adesse finem laboris omnibus votis ex-
petitum; jam nihil glorie deésse, nihil - obstare
virtuti; sine ullo Martis discrimine, sine sanguine,
orbem terrze ab illis capi ; ne naturam quidem lon-
giüs posse procedere; brevi incognita nisi immor-
talibus esse visuros. Paucos tamen navigio emisit
in ripam, qui agrestes vagos exciperent, e quibus
certiora nosci posse sperabat. Illi scrutati omnia
tuguria, tandem latentes reperére. Qui interrogati
quàm procul abessent mari responderunt nullum
ipsos mare ne famà quidem accepisse; ceterüm
tertio die perveniri posse ad aquam amaram, quae
corrumperet dulcem. Intellectum est mare destinari
ab ignaris nature ejus. ltaque ingenti alacritate
nautici remigant, et proximo quoque die, quo pro-
piüs spes admovebatur, crescebat ardor animorum.
Tertio jam die mixtum flumini subibat mare, leni
adhuc aestu confundente dispares undas. 'Tum aliam
insulam medio amni sitam evecti paulo lentiüs, quia
cursus estu reverberabatur, applicant classem, et ad
commeatus petendos discurrunt, securi casüs ejus
qui supervenit ignaris.

Tertia fermé hora erat, cüm statà vice Oceanus
exastuans invehi coepit, et retró flumen urgere.
Quod primó coércitum, deinde vehementius pulsum,
majore impetu adversum agebatur quàm torrentia
precipiti alveo incurrunt. Ignota vulgo freti natura
erat, monstraque et irae deüm indicia cernere vide-
bantur. Identidem intumescens: mare, et in campos
pauló anté siccos descendere superfusum. Jamque

74 LATIN READER.

levatis navigiis, et totà classe dispersá, qui expositi
erant undique ad naves trepidi et improviso malo
attoniti recurrunt. Sed in tumultu festinatio quoque
tarda est. ELHi contis navigia appellebant, hi dum
remos aptari prohibebant consederant. | Quidam
enavigare properantes, sed non exspectatis qui simul
esse debebant, clauda et inhabilia navigia languidé
moliebantur: ali&e navium inconsulté ruentes non
receperant; pariterque et multitudo et paucitas festi-
nantes morabatur. Clamor hinc exspectare hinc
ire jubentium, dissonzsque voces nusquam idem at-
que unum tendentium, non oculorum modó usum sed
etiam aurium abstulerant. Ne in gubernatoribus
quidem quidquam opis erat, quorum nec exaudiri
vox a tumultuantibus poterat, nec imperium a terri-
tis incompositisque servari. Ergo collidi inter se
naves, abstergerique invicem remi, et alii aliorum
navigia urgere cceperunt. Crederes non unius ex-
ercitüs classem vehi, sed duorum navale inisse cer-
tamen. Incutiebantur puppibus prorz ; premebantur
a sequentibus qui antecedentes turbaverant; jur-
gantium ira perveniebat etiam ad manus.

jamque zestus totos circa flumen campos inunda-
verat, tumulis dumtaxat eminentibus, veluti insulis
parvis; in quos plerique trepidi omissis navigiis
enare coeperunt. Dispersa classis partim in przealtà
aquá stabat, quà subsederant valles ; partim in vado
haerebat, utcumque ineequale terree fastigium occu-
paverant unda; cüm subitó novus et pristino major
terror incutitur. Reciprocari cepit mare, magno
tractu aquis in suum fretum recurrentibus, redde-
batque terras pauló anté profundo salo mersas..
Igitur destituta navigia alia przecipitantur in proras,

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 75

alia in latera procumbunt. Strati erant campi sar-
cinis, armis, avulsarum tabularum remorumque
fragmentis. Miles nec egredi in terram, nec in
naves subsistere audebat, identidem praesentibus
graviora quae sequerentur exspectans. Vix qua
perpetiebantur videre ipsos credebant; in sicco
naufragia, in amni mare : nec finis malorum ; quippe
sastum paulo póst mare relaturum, quo navigia
allevarentur, ignari, famem et ultima sibimet omi-
nabantur. Deluse quoque fluctibus destituta, terri-
biles vagabantur.

Jamque nox appetebat, et regem quoque despe-
ratio salutis egritudine affecerat. Non tamen in-
victum animum cura obruunt, quin totà nocte
persideret in speculis, equitesque pramitteret ad os
amnis, ut cum mare rursus exzastuare sensissent
precederent. Navigia quoque et lacerata refici, et
eversa fluctibus erigi jubet, paratosque esse et in-
tentos cüm rursus mare terras inundàsset. "Totà eà
nocte inter vigilias adhortationesque consumptà,
celeriter et equites ingenti cursu refugére, et secutus
est aestus. Qui primo, aquis leni tractu subeuntibus,
cepit levare navigia; mox totis campis inundans,
etiam impulit classem ; plaususque militum nautico-
rumque, insperatam salutem immodico celebrantium
gaudio, litoribus ripisque resonabat. Unde tantum
redisset subitó mare? quó pridie refugisset? quz-
nam esset ejusdem elementi natura, modó discors,
modó imperio temporum obnoxia? mirabundi re-
quirebant. Rex cüm ex eo quod acciderat conjec-
taret post solis ortum statum tempus esse, de medià
nocte, ut aestum occuparet, cum paucis navigiis se-
cundo amne defluxit: evectusque os ejus quadrin-

46 LATIN READER.

genta stadia processit in mare, tandem voti sui
compos; prasidibusque et maris et locorum diis sa-
crificio facto, ad classem rediit.

Hinc adversum flumen subit classis; et altero die
appulsa .est haud procul lacu salso, cujus incognita
natura plerosque decepit temeré ingressos aquam;
quippe scabies corpora invasit, et contagium morbi
etiam in alios vulgatum est. Oleum remedio fuit.
Leonnato deinde praemisso ut puteos foderet, quà
terrestri itinere ducturus exercitum videbatur (quip-
pe sicca erat regio), ipse cum copiis substitit, ver-
num tempus exspectans. Interim et urbes portus-
que condidit. «Nearcho atque Onesicrito, nauticae
rei peritis, imperavit, ut validissimas navium dedu-
cerent in Oceanum, progressique quoad tutó possent,
naturam maris noscerent: vel eodem amne, vel
Euphrate subire eos posse, cüm reverti ad se vellent.
Jamque mitigatà hieme, et navibus que inutiles
videbantur crematis, terrà ducebat exercitum. . . .

Haud multó póst Nearchus et Onesicritus, quos
longiüs in Oceanum procedere jusserat, superveni-
unt. Nuntiabant autem quaedam audita, alia. com-
perta : insulam ostio amnis subjectam auro abundare,
inopem equorum esse; singulos eos ab iis qui ex
continenti trajicere auderent, singulis talentis emi ;
plenum esse beluarum mare; aestu secundo eas
ferri magnarum navium corpora zquantes ;. truci
cantu deterritas sequi classem, cum magno aequoris
strepitu, velut demersa navigia, subisse aquas. Ce-
tera incolis crediderant; inter quee Rubrum mare
non a colore undarum, ut plerique crederent, sed ab
Erythro rege appellari; esse haud procul a conti-
nenti insulam palmis frequentibus consitam, et in

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 77

medio feré nemore columnam eminere, Erythri re-
gis monumentum, litteris gentis ejus scriptam. .Ad-
jiciebant, navigia quae lixas mercatoresque vexissent,
famam auri secutis gubernatoribus, in insulam esse
transmissa, nec deinde ab his posteà visa. Rex
cognoscendi plura cupidine accensus, rursüs eos
terram legere jubet, donec ad Euphratem appelle-
rent classem ; inde adverso amne Babylonem subi-
turos. Ipse animo infinita complexus statuerat,
omni ad Orientem maritimà regione perdomità, ex
Syrià petere Africam, Karthagini infensus; inde
Numidia solitudinibus peragratis, cursum Gades
dirigere — ibi namque columnas Herculis esse fama
vulgaverat; Hispanias deinde, quam Iberiam Grzci
a flumine Ibero vocabant, adire; et pretervehi
Alpes, Italiaeque oram, unde in Epirum brevis cur-
sus est. Igitur Mesopotamiz praetoribus imperavit,
materià in Libano monte casà devectáàque ad ur-
bem Syrie 'Thapsacum, septingentarum carinas
navium ponere; septiremes omnes esse, deducique
Babyloniam : Cypriorum - regibus imperatum, ut
sas stupamque et vela.praeberent.

6. Death of. Alexander.

[Book X. Chapter 5.]

Intuentibus lacrimae oborte praebuére speciem
jam non regem sed funus ejus visentis exercitüs.
Mzaror tamen circumstantium lectum eminebat.
Quos ut aspexit, "Invenietis" inquit " cüm exces-
sero, dignum talibus viris regem?" Incredibile
dictu audituque, in eodem habitu corporis in quem
se composuerat cüm admissurus milites esset, du-

48 LATIN READER.

rásse, donec a toto exercitu illud ultimum persalu-
tatus est: dimissoque vulgo, velut omni vitze debito
liberatus, fatigata membra rejecit: propiüsque
adire jussis amicis (nam et vox deficere jam coepe-
rat), detractum anulum digito Perdicce tradidit,
adjectis mandatis ut corpus suum ad Hammonem
ferri juberent. Qusrentibus his " cui relinqueret re-
gnum?" respondit, *ei qui esset optimus; ceterüm
providere jam se, ob id certamen magnos funebres
ludos parari sibi.^ Rursüs Perdiccà interrogante
" quando coelestes honores haberi sibi vellet?" dixit,
"tum velle, cüm ipsi felices essent." Suprema haec
vox fuit regis, et pauló post exstinguitur.

Ac primó ploratu lamentisque et planctibus tota
regia personabat: mox velut in vastà solitudine
omnia tristi silentio muta torpebant, ad cogitationes
quid deinde futurum esset dolore converso. Nobiles
pueri, custodia corporis ejus assueti, nec doloris
magnitudinem capere nec se ipsos intra vestibulum
regi? tenere. potuerunt ; vagique et furentibus
similes totam urbem luctu ac maerore compleverant ;
nullis questibus omissis quos in tali casu dolor
suggerit.

Ergó qui extra regiam astiterant Macedones pa-
riter barbarique concurrunt, nec poterant victi a
victoribus in communi dolore discerni. Perse jus-
tissimum ac mitissimum dominum, Macedones opti-
mum ac fortissimum regem invocantes, certamen
quoddam maroris edebant. Nec mzaestorum solüm,
sed etiam indignantium voces exaudiebantur, tam
viridem, et in flore ztatis fortunzeque, invidià deüm
ereptum esse rebus humanis. "Vigor ejus et vultus
educentis in proelium milites, obsidentis urbes, eva-

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 79

dentis in muros, fortes viros pro concione donantis,
occurrebant oculis. 'Tum Macedones divinos ho-
nores negásse ei poenitebat; impiosque et ingratos
fuisse se confitebantur, quod aures ejus debità ap-
pellatione fraudássent.

Et cüm diu nunc in veneratione nunc in desiderio
regis haesissent, in ipsos versa miseratio est. Mace-.
donià profecti ultra Euphratem, in mediis hostibus
novum imperium aspernantibus, destitutos se esse
cernebant: sine certo regis harede, publicas vires
ad se quemque tracturum. Bella deinde civilia,
quae secuta sunt, mentibus augurabantur: iterum
non de regno Asie, sed de rege, ipsis sanguinem
esse fundendum; novis vulneribus veteres rumpen-
das cicatrices ; senes, debiles, modó petità missione
a justo rege, nunc morituros pro potentià forsitan
.satellitis alicujus ignobilis.

Has cogitationes volventibus nox supervenit ter-
roremque auxit. Milites in armis vigilabant; Baby-
lonii, alius e muris alius culmine sui quisque tecti,
prospectabant quasi certiora visuri. Nec quisquam
lumina audebat accendere. Et quia oculorum ces-
sabat usus, fremitus vocesque auribus captabant ; ac
plerümque vano metu territi, per obscuras semitas
alius alii occursantes, invicem suspecti ac solliciti
ferebantur. Perse, comis suo more detonsis, in
lugubri veste, cum conjugibus ac liberis, non ut vic-
torem et modó hostem, sed ut gentis sus justissi-
mum regem, vero desiderio lugebant. Assueti sub
rege vivere, non alium qui imperaret ipsis digniorem
fuisse confitebantur.

Nec muris urbis luctus continebatur, sed proxi-
mam regionem ab eà, deinde magnam partem Asie

80 LATIN READER.

cis Euphratem tanti mali fama pervaserat. Ad
Darii quóque matrem celeriter perlata est. Abscisà
ergo veste quà induta erat, lugubrem sumpsit; la-
ceratisque crinibus humi corpus abjecit. Assidebat
ei altera ex neptibus, nuper amissum Hephzestionem
cui nupserat lugens, propriasque causas doloris in
communi maestitià retractabat. Sed omnium suo-
rum mala Sisygambis una capiebat. llla suam,
illa neptium vicem flebat. Recens dolor etiam prz-
terita revocaverat. Crederes modó amissum Dari-
um, et pariter misera duorum filiorum exsequias
esse ducendas. Flebat simul mortuos vivosque.
Quem enim puellarum acturum esse curam? quem
alium futurum Alexandrum? iterum esse se captas,
iterum excidisse regno. (Qui mortuo Dario ipsas
tueretur, reperisse ; qui post Alexandrum respiceret,
utique non reperturas. Subibat inter haec animum,
octoginta fratres suos eodem die ab Ocho saevissimo
regum trucidatos, adjectumque stragi tot filiorum
patrem ; e septem liberis, quos genuisset ipsa, unum
superesse; ipsum Darium f[íloruisse paulisper, ut
crudeliüs posset extingui. Ad ultimum dolori suc-
cubuit, obvolutoque capite assidentes genibus suis
neptem nepotemque aversata, cibo pariter abstinuit
et luce. Quinto postquam mori statuerat die ex-
tincta est. Magnum profecto Alexandro indulgen-
tize in eam, justitideque in omnes captivos, documen-
tum est mors hujus: qua cüm sustinuisset post
Darium vivere, Alexandro esse superstes erubuit.
Et (hercule) justé szstimantibus regem liquet,
bona nature ejus fuisse; vitia vel fortunae, vel seta-
tis. Vis incredibilis animi; laboris patientia prope-
modüm nimia; fortitudo non inter reges modó

QUINTUS CURTIUS. 81

excellens, sed inter illos quoque quorum hzc sola
virtus fuit; liberalitas sepe majora tribuentis quàm
a diis petuntur ; clementia in devictos ; tot regna aut
reddita quibus ea dempserat bello, aut dono data;
mortis, cujus metus ceteros exanimat, perpetua con-
temptio; glorie laudisque ut justo major cupido,
ita ut juveni et in tantis admittenda rebus; jam pie-
tas erga parentes, quorum Olympiada immortalitati
consecrare decreverat, Philippum ultus erat; jam
in omnes feré amicos benignitas, erga milites bene-
volentia; consilium par magnitudini animi, et quan-
tam vix poterat etas ejus capere, sollertia; modus
immodicarum cupiditatum :—ingentes profectó dotes
erant. Illa fortune: diis equare se, et celestes
honores accersere, et talia suadentibus oraculis cre-
dere; et dedignantibus venerari ipsum vehementius
quàm par esset irasci; in externum habitum mutare
corporis cultum ; imitari devictarum gentium mores,
quos ante victoriam spreverat. Nam iracundiam et
cupidinem vini sicuti juventa irritaverat, ita senec-
tus mitigare potuisset. Fatendum est tamen, cüm
plurimum virtuti debuerit, plus debuisse fortune,
quam solus omnium mortalium in potestate habuit.
Quoties illum a morte revocavit? quoties temere in
pericula vectum perpetuà felicitate protexit? Vitae
quoque finem eumdem illi quem glorie statuit. Ex-
spectavére eum fata, dum Oriente perdomito, adito-
que Oceano, quidquid mortalitas capiebat, impleret.
Itaque nomen quoque ejus, et fama rerum, in totum
propemodüm orbem reges ac regna -diffudit; claris-
simique sunt habiti, qui etiam minima parti tante
fortunze adhzeserunt.

IV.

CORNELIUS NEPOS.

HESSO PES

LIFE OF HANNIBAL.
(B.C. 247-183.)

Hannibal, Hamilcaris filius, Karthaginiensis. $1
verum est, quod nemo dubitat, ut populus Romanus
omnes gentes virtute superárit, non est infitiandum,
Hannibalem tanto prastitissé ceteros imperatores
prudentià, quanto populus Romanus antecedat forti-
tudine cunctas nationes. Nam quotiescumque cum
eo congressus est in Italià, semper discessit superior.
Quód nisi domi civium suorum invidià debilitatus
esset, Romanos videretur superare potuisse. Sed
multorum obtrectatio devicit unius virtutem.

Hic autem, velut hereditate relictum, odium pater-
num erga Romanos sic conservavit, ut priüs ani-
mum quàm id deposuerit; qui quidem, cüm patrià
pulsus esset, et alienarum opum indigeret, numquam
destiterit animo bellare cum Romanis.

Nam, ut omittam Philippum, quem absens hostem
reddidit Romanis; omnium his temporibus potentis-
simus rex Antiochus fuit. Hunc tantà cupiditate
incendit bellandi, ut usque a Rubro mari arma co-
natus sit inferre Italie. —.Ad quem cüm legati venis-
sent Romani, qui de ejus voluntate explorarent,
darentque operam consiliüs clandestinis, ut Hanni-
balem in suspicionem regi adducerent, tamquam ab
ipsis corruptum alia atque anteà sentire; neque id

CORNELIUS NEPOS. 83

frustrà fecissent, idque Hannibal comperisset, seque
ab interioribus consiliis segregari vidisset; tempore
dato adiit ad regem, eique cüm multa de fide suá et
odio in Romanos commemorásset, hoc adjunxit:
* Pater meus " inquit "* Hamilcar, puerulo me, utpote
non ampliüs novem annos nato, in Hispaniam im-
perator proficiscens Karthagine, Jovi Optimo Maxi-
mo hostias immolavit. Qus divina res dum confi-
ciebatur, quaesivit a me, vellemne secum in castra
proficisci? Id cüm libenter accepissem, atque ab
eo petere coepissem ne dubitaret ducere, tum ille
" Faciam, inquit si fidem mihi quam postulo dede-
ris. Simul me ad aram adduxit, apud quam sacri-
ficare instituerat; eamque ceteris remotis tenentem
jurare jussit, numquam me in amicitià cum Roma-
nis fore. Id ego jusjurandum patri datum usque ad
hanc aetatem ita conservavi, ut nemini dubium esse
debeat quin reliquo tempore eádem mente sim futu-
rus. Quare, si quid amice de Romanis cogitabis,
non imprudenter feceris si me celáris; cüm quidem
bellum parabis, te ipsum frustraberis si non me in
eo principem posueris."

Hac igitur quà diximus aetate, cum patre in Hi-
spaniam profectus est : cujus post obitum, Hasdrubale
imperatore suffecto, equitatui omni praefuit. Hoc
quoque interfecto, exercitus summam imperii ad eum
detulit. Id, Karthaginem delatum, publicé compro-
batum est. Sic Hannibal, minor quinque et viginti
annis natus, imperator factus, proximo triennio
omnes gentes Hispanie bello subegit: Saguntum
foederatam civitatem vi expugnavit; tres exercitus
maximos comparavit. Ex his unum in Africam
misit, alterum cum Hasdrubale fratre in Hispanià

84 LATIN READER.

reliquit, tertium in Italiam secum duxit. Saltum
Pyrenaeum transiit Quàcumque iter fecit, cum
omnibus incolis conflixit; neminem nisi victum di-
misit. Ad Alpes posteàquam venit, quz Italiam ab
Gallià sejungunt, quas nemo umquam cum exercitu
ante eum, praeter Herculem Graium, transierat (quo
facto is hodie saltus Graius appellatur), Alpicos
conantes prohibere transitu concidit; loca patefecit ;
itünera muniit; effecit ut eà elephantus ornatus ire
posset, quà anteà unus homo inermis vix poterat
repere. Hac copias traduxit, in Italiamque per-
venit.

Conflixerat apud Rhodanum cum P. Cornelio
Scipione consule, eumque pepulerat. Cum hoc
eodem Clastidi apud Padum decernit, sauciumque
inde ac fugatum dimittit. "Tertió idem Scipio, cum
collegà Tiberio Longo, apud Trebiam adversus eum
venit: cum his manum conseruit; utrosque profli-
gavit. Inde per Ligures Apenninum transit, petens
Etruriam. Hoc itinere adeó gravi morbo afficitur
oculorum, ut posteà numquam dextro zqué bene
usus sit. Quà valetudine cüm etiam nunc premere-
tur, lecticáque ferretur, C. Flaminium consulem
apud Trasimenum cum exercitu insidiis circumven-
tum occidit; neque multo post C. Centenium prae-
torem, cum delectà manu saltus occupantem. Hinc
in Apuliam pervenit. Ibi obviàm ei venerunt duo
consules, C. Terentius et L. Paulus ZEmilius. Utri-
usque exercitus uno proelio [Cannensi] fugavit;
Paulum consulem occidit, et aliquot praetereà con-
sulares, in his Cn. Servilium Geminum, qui anno
superiore fuerat consul.

Hac pugnà pugnatà Romam profectus est, nullo

CORNELIUS NEPOS. 85

resistente. In propinquis urbis montibus moratus
est. Cum aliquot ibi dies castra habuisset, et re-
verteretur Capuam, Q. Fabius Maximus dictator
Romanus in agro Falerno se ei objecit. Hic clausus
locorum angustiis, noctu sine ullo detrimento exer-
citüs se expedivit: Fabio, callidissimo imperatori,
dedit verba: namque obductà nocte, sarmenta in
cornibus juvencorum deligata incendit, ejusque ge-
neris multitudinem magnam dispalatam immisit.
Quo repentino objectu viso, tantum terrorem injecit
exercitui Romanorum, ut egredi extra vallum nemo
sit ausus. Hanc post rem gestam non ita multis
diebus, M. Minucium Rufum magistrum equitum,
pari ac dictatorem imperio, dolo productum in pro-
lium, fugavit. 'Ti. Sempronium Gracchum, iterüm
consulem, in Lucanis absens, in insidias inductum
sustulit. M. Claudium Marcellum, quinquies con-
sulem, apud Venusiam pari modo interfecit. Lon-
gum est enumerare predia. Quare hoc unum satis
erit dictum, ex quo intelligi possit quantus ille fue-
rit: quamdiu in Italià fuit, nemo ei in acie restitit ;
nemo adversüs eum, post Cannensem pugnam, in
campo castra posuit.

Hinc invictus, patriam defensum revocatus, bellum
gessit adversüs P. Scipionis filium quem ipse pri-
müm apud Rhodanum, iterum apud Padum, tertio
apud Trebiam fugerat. (Cum hoc, exhaustis jam
patriae facultatibus, cupivit imprassentiarum bellum
componere, quo valentior posteà congrederetur. In
colloquium convenit; conditiones non convenerunt.
Post id factum paucis diebus, apud Zamam cum eo-
dem conflixit: pulsus (incredile. dictu) biduo et
duabus noctibus Adrumetum pervenit, quod abest a

86 LATIN READER.

Zamà circiter milia passuum trecenta. In hac fugà
Numidz, qui simul cum eo ex acie excesserant, in-
sidiati sunt ei; quos non solüm effugit, sed etiam
ipsos oppressit. Adrumeti reliquos e fugà collegit ;
novis delectibus paucis diebus multos contraxit.
Cüm in apparando acerrime esset occupatus, Kar-
thaginienses bellum cum Romanis composuerunt.
Ille nihilo seciüs exercitui posteà praefuit, resque in
Africà gessit, itemque Mago frater ejus, usque ad P.
Sulpicium et C. Aurelium consules. — His enim
magistratibus legati Karthaginienses Romam vene-
runt, qui senatui populoque Romano gratias agerent,
quód cum his pacem fecissent, ob eamque rem co-
ronà aureà eos donarent, simulque peterent ut ob-
sides eorum Fregellis essent, captivique redderentur.
His ex senatüs-consulo responsum est: munus eo-
rum gratum acceptumque esse; obsides quo loco
rogarent futuros; captivos non remissuros, quód
Hannibalem, cujus operà susceptum bellum foret,
inimicissimum nomini Romano, et nunc cum impe-
rio apud exercitum haberent, itemque fratrem ejus
Magonem. Hoc responso Karthaginienses cogni-
to, Hannibalem et Magonem domum revocáàrunt.
Huc ut redit praetor factus est, postquam rex
fuerat anno secundo et vigésimo: ut enim Rome
consules, sic Karthagini quotannis annui bini reges
creabantur. |n eo magistratu pari diligentià se
Hannibal prabuit, ac fuerat in bello. Namque
effecit, ex novis vectigalibus non solüm ut esset
pécunia qua Romanis ex federe penderetur, sed
etiam superesset, qua in &rario poneretur. Deinde
anno post preeturam, M. Claudio L. Furio consuli-
bus, Romani legati Karthaginem venerunt. Eos

CORNELIUS NEPOS. 87

Hannibal ratus sui exposcendi gratià missos, prius-
quàm his senatus daretur, navem ascendit clàm,
atque in Syriam ad Antiochum profugit. Hac re
palàm factà, Poeni naves duas qua eum compre-
henderent, si possent consequi, miserunt; bona ejus
publicárunt; domum a fundamentis disjecerunt ;
ipsum exsulem judicarunt. :

At Hannibal, anno tertio postquam domo profu-
gerat, L. Cornelio Q. Minucio consulibus, cum
quinque navibus Africam accessit in finibus Cyre-
naeorum; si forte Karthaginienses ad bellum Antio-
chi spe fiduciáque possent induci ; cui jam persuserat
ut cum exercitibus in Italiam proficisceretur. Huc
Magonem fratrem excivit. Id ubi Poeni resciverunt,
Magonem eàdem quà fratrem. absentem poenà affe-
cerunt. Illi desperatis rebus cüm solvissent naves
ac vela ventis dedissent, Hannibal ad Antiochum
pervenit. De Magonis interitu duplex memoria
prodita est: namque alii naufragio, alii a servulis
ipsius interfectum eum scriptum reliquerunt. Anti-
ochus autem, si tam in gerendo bello consiliis ejus
parere voluisset, quàm in suscipiendo instituerat,
propiüs Tiberi quàm Thermopylis de summà impe-
rii dimicásset. Quem etsi multa stulte conari vide-
bat, tamen nullà deseruit in re. Praefuit paucis
navibus quas ex Syrià jussus erat in Asiam ducere ;
" hisque adversüs Rhodiorum classem in Pamphylio
mari conflixit: quo cüm multitudine adversariorum
sui superarentur, ipse quo cornu rem gessit fuit
superior.

Antiocho fugato, verens ne dederetur (quod sine
dubio accidisset si sui fecisset potestatem), Cretam
ad Gortynios venit, ut ibi quó se conferret conside-

88 LATIN READER.

raret. Vidit autem vir omnium callidissimus magno
se fore periculo, nisi quid providisset, propter avari-
tiam Cretensium: magnam enim secum pecuniam
portabat, de quà sciebat exisse famam. Itaque ca-
pit tale consilium: amphoras complures complet
plumbo; summas operit auro et argento. as,
prasentibus principibus, deponit in templo Diane ;
simulans se suas fortunas illorum fidei credere.
His in errorem inductis, statuas deneas quas secum
portabat omni suà pecunià complet, easque in pro-
patulo domi abjicit. Gortynii templum magnà curà
custodiunt, non tam a ceteris quàm ab Hannibale,
ne ille inscientibus his tolleret, secumque duceret.
Sic conservatis suis rebus, Poenus illusis Creten-
sibus omnibus ad Prusiam in Pontum pervenit:
apud quem eodem animo fuit erga Italiam ; neque
aliud quidquam egit, quàm regem armavit et exer-
cuit adversis Romanos. Quem cüm videret dome-
sticis opibus minüs esse robustum, conciliabat ceteros
reges, adjungebat bellicosas nationes. Dissidebat
ab eo Pergamenus rex Eumenes, Romanis amicissi-
mus, bellumque inter eos gerebatur et mari et terrà :
quo magis cupiebat eum Hannibal opprimi; sed
utrobique Eumenes plus valebat propter Romanorum
societatem : quem si removisset, faciliora sibi cetera
fore arbitrabatur. Ad hunc interficiendum, talem
iniüt rationem. Classe paucis diebus erant decre-
turi: superabatur navium multitudine: dolo erat
pugnandum, cum par non esset armis. Imperavit
quàm plurimas venenatas serpentes vivas colligi,
easque in vasa fictilia conjici. Harum cum confe-
cisset magnam multitudinem, die ipso quo facturus
erat navale proelium classiarios convocat, hisque

CORNELIUS NEPOS. 89

precipit omnes ut in unam Eumenis regis concur-
rant navem, a ceteris tantüm satis habeant se defen-
dere : id facilé illos serpentium multitudine consecu-
turos: rex autem in quà nave veheretur, ut scirent
se facturum ; quem si aut cepissent aut interfecissent,
magno his pollicetur praemio fore.

Tali cohortatione militum factà, classis ab utrisque
in proelium deducitur. | Quarum acie constitutà,
priusquam signum pugnae daretur, Hannibal, ut
palàm faceret suis quo loco Eumenes esset, tabel-
larium in scaphà cum caduceo mittit; qui ubi ad
naves adversariorum pervenit, epistolamque osten-
dens, se regem professus est quaerere, statim ad
Eumenen deductus est, quód nemo dubitabat aliquid
de pace esse scriptum. Tabellarius, ducis nave
declaratà suis, eodem unde erat egressus se recepit.
At Eumenes, solutà epistolà, nihil in eà reperit, nisi
quod ad irridendum eum pertineret; cujus etsi cau-
sam mirabatur, (nec reperiebatur,) tamen prcelium
statim committere non dubitavit. Horum in con-
cursu Bithynii Hannibalis praecepto universi navem
Eumenis adoriuntur : quorum vim rex cüm sustinere
non posset, fugà salutem petit; quam consecutus
non esset, nisi intra sua praesidia se recepisset quz
in proximo litore erant collocata.

Reliquae Pergamenz naves cüm adversarios pre-
merent acriüs, repenté in eas vasa fictilia, de quibus
supra mentionem fecimus, conjici coepta sunt; quae
jacta initio risum pugnantibus excitàárunt; nec
quare id fieret poterat intelligi. Postquam autem
naves completas conspexerunt serpentibus, novà re
perterriti, cüm quid potissimüm vitarent non vide-
rent, puppes verterunt, seque ad sua castra nautica

MUR iur. iN LATIN READER.

retulerunt. Sic Hannibal consilio arma Pergame-

- norum superavit: neque tum solüm, sed sepe aliàs

. pedestribus copiis pari prudentià pepulit adversarios.
TS Qua-dum in Asià geruntur, accidit casu ut legati
Prusie Roma apud L. Quinctium Flamininum con-
sularem ccnarent ; atque ibi de Hannibale mentione
factà, ex his unus diceret eum in Prusiz regno esse.
Id postero die Flamininus senatui detulit. Patres
conscripti, qui Hannibale vivo numquam se sine
insidiis futuros existimarent, legatos in Bithyniam
miserunt, in his Flamininum, qui a rege peterent ne
inimicissimum suum secum haberet, sibique dederet.
His Prusias negare ausus non est: illud recusavit,
neid a se fieri postularent quod adversüs jus hos-
pitii esset: ipsi si possent comprehenderent: locum
ubi esset facilé inventuros. ELannibal enim uno
loco se tenebat in castello quod ei:ab rege datum
erat muneri; idque sic adificárat, ut in omnibus
partibus aedificii exitum sibi haberet, semper verens
ne usu eveniret quod accidit. Huc cüm legati Ro-
manorum venissent, ac multitudine domum ejus cir-
cumdedissent, puer ab januá prospiciens Hannibali
dixit, plures praeter consuetudinem armatos appa-
rere; qui imperavit ei, ut omnes fores zedificii cir-
cumiret, ac properé sibi renuntiaret num eodem
modo undique obsideretur. Puer cüm celeriter quid
esset renuntiásset, omnesque exitus occupatos osten-
disset, sensit id non fortuitó factum, sed se peti,
neque sibi diutius vitam esse retinendam. Quam
ne alieno arbitrio dimitteret, memor pristinarum vir-
tutum, venenum quod semper secum habere consue-
verat sumpsit. Sic vir fortissimus, multis variisque
perfunctus laboribus, anno acquievit septuagesimo.

A diu

m
V. L4 órar
SALLUST. Of Californit-

THE WAR WITH JUGURTHA.
(B.C. r1r1-106.)

I. Z7Ae Jouth of fYugurtha.

[Chapters 5-12.]

Bello Punico secundo Masinissa rex Numida-
rum, in amicitià receptus a P. Scipione, cui
posteà Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, multa
et praeclara rei militaris facinora fecerat: ob
qua, victis Karthaginiensibus et capto Syphace,
cujus in Africà magnum atque laté imperium
valuit, populus Romanus quascumque urbis et
agros manu ceperat regi dono dedit. Igitur amici-
tia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit :
imperii vitzeque ejus finis idem fuit. Dein Micipsa
filius regnum solus obtinuit, Mastanabale et Gulussá
fratribus morbo absumtis. Is Adherbalem et Hiemp-
salem ex sese genuit; Jugurthamque, Mastanabalis
fratris filium, eodem cultu quo liberos suos domi
habuit.

Qui, ubi primüm adolevit, pollens viribus, decorà
facie, sed multo maxume ingenio validus, non se
luxu neque inertiae. corrumpendum dedit; sed, uti
mos: gentis illus est, equitare, jaculari, cursu cum
equalibus certare; et, cüm omnis glorià anteiret,
omnibus tamen carus esse: ad hoc, pleraque tem-
pora in venando agere; leonem atque alias feras

92 LATIN READER.

primus aut in primis ferire ; plurumum facere, minu-
mum ipse de se loqui. ; Quibus rebus Micipsa
tametsi initio latus fuerat, existumans virtutem
jugurtha regno suo glorie fore; tamen postquam
hominem adulescentem, exactà suà setate, parvis
liberis, magis magisque crescere intellegit, vehe-
menter negotio permotus, multa cum animo suo
volvebat. 'lerrebat eum natura mortalium, avida
imperi et praeceps ad explendam animi cupidinem:
pratereà opportunitas suaeque liberorumque eetatis,
quae etiam mediocris viros spe prada transvorsos

—agitíad hoc studia Numidarum in Jugurtham ac-
censa 4) ex quibus, si talem virum dolis interfecisset,
ne qua seditio aut bellum oriretur anxius erat.

His difficultatibus circumventus, ubi videt neque
per vim neque insidiis opprimi posse hominem tam
acceptum popularibus, quód erat Jugurtha manu
promptus et adpetens glorie militaris, statuit eum
objectare periculis, et eo modo fortunam tentare.
Igitur, bello Numantino, Micipsa cüm populo Ro-

, mano equitum atque peditum auxilia mitteret, sperans
""wel ostentando virtutem, vel hostium szvitià facile
eum occasurum, prafecit Numidis quos in Hispa-
niam mittebat. Sed ea res longé aliter ac ratus erat
evenit. Nam Jugurtha, ut erat impigro atque acri
ingenio, ubi naturam P. Scipionis, qui tum Romanis
imperator erat, et morem hostium cognovit, multo
labore multàáque curà, pratereà modestissumé pa-
rendo et sepe obviàm eundo periculis, in tantam
claritudinem brevi pervenerat, ut nostris vehementer
carus, Numantinis maxumo terrori esset. Ac sane
quod difficillumum in primis est, et proelio strenuus
erat, et bonus consilio; quorum alterum ex provi-

SALLUST. : 93

dentià timorem, alterum ex audacià temeritatem,
adferre plerümque solet. Igitur imperator omnis
feré res asperas per Jugurtham agere, in amicis ha-
bere, magis magisque in dies amplecti: quippe
cujus neque consilhium neque inceptum ullum fru-
strà erat. Huc accedebat munificentia animi et in-
geni sollertia, quis rebus sibi multos ex Romanis
familiari amicitià conjunxerat.

— Eà tempestate in exercitu nostro fuére complures
novi atque nobiles, quibus divitiae bono honestoque
potiores erant, factiosi domi, potentes apud socios,
clari magis. quàm honesti; qui Jugurthae non medi-
ocrém animum pollicitando accendebant, s Jrczfsa
rex occidisset, Jore utà solus imperio INumidie poti-
retur; in 2 bso maxumam virtutem, fome omnia
venalia esse. Sed postquam Numantià deletà P.
Scipio dimittere auxilia et ipse revorti domum de-
crevit, donatum atque laudatum magnifice pro con-
cione Jugurtham in praetorium abduxit: ibique
secretó monuit, *uti potius publice quàm privatim
amicitiam populi Romani coleret ; neu quibus largiri
insuesceret ; periculosé a paucis emi quod multorum
esset; si permanere vellet in suis artibus, ultró illi
et gloriam et regnum venturum ; sin properantiüs
pergeret, suàámet ipsum fpecunià praecipitem ca-
surum."

Sic locutus, cum litteris quas Micipse redderet
dimisit. Earum sententia hzc erat: "Jugurthz tui
bello Numantino longé maxuma virtus fuit; quam
rem tibi certó scio gaudio esse. Nobis ob merita
sua carus est ; ut idem senatui populoque RRomano sit
summáà ope nitemur. "Tibi quidem pro nostrà ami-
citià gratulor: en habes virum dignum te atque

94 LATIN READER.

avo suo Masinissà." «Igitur rex, ubi ea qua famá
acceperat ex litteris imperatoris ita esse cognovit,
cüm virtute tum gratià viri permotus, flexit ani-
mum suum, et Jugurtham beneficiis vincere adgres-
sus est; statimque eum adoptavit, et testamento
pariter cum filiis haeredem instituit. . . .

Micipsa paucis diebus moritur. Postquam illi,
more regio, justa magnifice fecerant, reguli in unum
convenerunt, ut inter se de cunctis negotiis dis-
ceptarent. Sed Hiempsal, qui minumus ex illis
erat, naturà ferox, etiam anteà ignobilitatem Jugur-
thee (quia materno genere impar erat) despiciens,
dextrà Adherbalem adsedit, ne medius ex tribus,
quod apud Numidas honori ducitur, Jugurtha foret :
dein tamen, ut aetati concederet, fatigatus a fratre,
vix in partem alteram transductus est. Ibi cüm
multa de administrando imperio dissererent, Jugur-
tha inter alias res jacit, oportere quimquenni con-
sulta omnta et decreta rescindi; nam fer ea tempora
confectum annis Micipsam jarüm animo. valuisse.
Tum zdem Hiempsal 2/acere sibi respondit; zam
zpsum lum tribus jroxumzs annis adojftatione in
regnum jervenisse. Quod verbum in pectus Jugur-
tha altiàs quàm quisquam ratus erat descendit.
Itaque ex eo tempore, irà et metu anxius, moliri,
parare, atque ea modó cum animo habere, quibus
Hiempsal per dolum caperetur. Quse ubi tardiüs
procedunt, neque lenitur animus ferox, statuit quovis
modo inceptum perficere.

Primo conventu, quem ab regulis factum suprà
memoravi, propter dissensionem, placuerat dividi
thesauros, finisque imperi singulis constitui. Itaque
tempus ad utramque rem decernitur, sed maturiüs

SALLUST. 95

ad pecuniam distribuendam. Reguli intereà in loca
propinqua thesauris alius alio concessére. Sed
Hiempsal in oppido Thirmidà forte ejus domo ute-
batur, qui proxumus lictor Jugurthae carus acceptus-
que ei semper fuerat. Quem ille casu ministrum
oblatum promissis onerat, impellitque uti tamquam
sua visens domum eat, portarum clavis adulterinas
paret; nam verze ad Hiempsalem referebantur: ce-
terüm, ubi res postularet, se ipsum cum magnáà
manu venturum. Numida mandata brevi conficit ;
atque, uti doctus erat, noctu Jugurthae milites intro-
ducit. Qui, postquam in sedis irrupére, divorsi re-
gem quarere; dormientis alios, alios occursantis
interficere; scrutari loca abdita; clausa effringere ;
strepitu et tumultu omnia miscere: cüm Hiempsal
interim reperitur, occultans se in tugurio mulieris
ancillae, quó initio pavidus et ignarus loci perfuge-
rat. Numidae caput ejus, ut jussi erant, ad Jugur-
tham referunt. |

2. How 'Yugurtha became King of Numidia.
[Chapters 20-27.]

Postquam, regno diviso, legati Africà decessére,
et Jugurtha, contra timorem animi, praemia sceleris
adeptum sese videt; certum esse ratus, quod ex ami-
cis apud Numantiam acceperat, omnia Roma vena-
lia esse; simul et illorum pollicitationibus accensus,
quos paullo anté muneribus expleverat, in regnum
Adherbalis animum intendit. Ipse acer, bellicosus;
at is quem petebat quietus, imbellis, placido ingenio,
opportunus injuri&, metuens magis quàm metuen-
dus. Igitur ex improviso finis ejus cum magnàáà
manu invasit; multos mortalis cum pecore atque

96 LATIN READER.

alià praedà capit, edificia incendit, pleraque loca
hostiliter cum equitatu accedit. Deinde cum omni
multitudine in regnum suum convortit, existumans
Adherbalem dolore permotum injurias suas manu
vindicaturum, eamque rem belli caussam fore. At
ille, quód neque se parem armis existumabat, et
amicitià populi Romani magis quàm Numidis fretus
erat, legatos ad Jugurtham de injuriis questum
misit: qui tametsi contumeliosa dicta retulerunt,
priüs tamen omnia pati decrevit quàm bellum su-
mere ; quia tentatum anteà secüs cesserat. Neque
tamen eo magis cupido Jugurthza minuebatur;
quippe qui totum ejus regnum animo jam invaserat.
Itaque non, uti anteà, cum pradatorià manu, sed
magno exercitu comparato, bellum gerere ccepit, et
aperte totius Numidize imperium petere. Ceterüm,
quà pergebat, urbis, agros vastare, praedas agere;
suis animum, terrorem hostibus augere.

Adherbal ubi intellegit eó processum, uti regnum
aut relinquendum esset, aut armis retinendum,
necessario copias parat, et Jugurthae obvius proce-
dit. Interim haud longé a mari, prope Cirtam
oppidum, utriusque exercitus consedit; et quia diei
extremum erat, prodium non inceptum. Sed ubi
plerumque noctis processit, obscuro etiam tum lu-
mine, milites Jugurthini, signo dato, castra hostium
invadunt; semisomnos partim, alios arma sumentes,
fugant funduntque. Adherbal cum paucis equitibus
Cirtam profugit; et, ni multitudo togatorum fuisset,
qua Numidas insequentes monibus prohibuit, uno
die inter duos reges coeptum atque patratum bellum
foret. Igitur Jugurtha oppidum circumsedit ; vineis
turribusque, et machinis omnium generum, éxpu-

SALLUST. 97

gnare adgreditur; maxumé festinans tempus lega-
torum antecapere, quos, ante proelium factum ab
Adherbale, Romam missos audiverat.

Sed postquam senatus de bello eorum accepit,
legantur in Africam majores natu, nobiles, am-
plis honoribus usi: in quis M. Scaurus, consularis,
ettum senati princeps. Ei, quód res in invidià erat,
simul et ab Numidis obsecrati, triduo navim ascen-
dére: dein brevi Uticam adpulsi litteras ad Jugur-
tham mittunt, guam oczssumóé ad Provinciam accedat ;
seque ad eum ab senatu missos. llle ubi accepit
homines claros, quorum auctoritatem Rome pollere
audiverat, contra inceptum suum venisse; primo
commotus metu atque lubidine divorsus agitabatur.
Timebat iram senatüs ni paruisset legatis: porro
animus cupidine czcus ad inceptum scelus rapie-
batur. Vicit tamen in avido ingenio pravum consi-
lium. Igitur, exercitu circumdato, summáà vi Cirtam
irrumpere nititur, maxumé sperans, diductà manu
hostium, aut vi aut dolis sese casum victorize inven-
turum. Quod ubi secüs procedit, neque (quod in-
tenderat) efficere potest, ut priüs quàm legatos
conveniret Adherbalis potiretur; ne, ampliüs mo-
rando, Scaurum, quem plurimüm metuebat, incen-
deret, cum paucis equitibus in provinciam venit.
Ac tametsi senati verbis mina graves nuntiaban-
tur, quód oppugnatione non desisteret; multà tamen
oratione consumptá, legati frustrà discessére.

Ea postquam Cirte audita sunt, Italici, quorum
virtute mcenia defensabantur, confisi, deditione factá,
propter magnitudinem populi Romani inviolatos sese
fore, Adherbali suadent, uti seque et oppidum Ju-
gurtha tradat: tantüm ab eo vitam paciscatur, de

7

98 LATIN READER.

ceteris senatui cure fore. At ille, tametsi omnia
potiora fide Jugurtha rebatur; tamen quia penes
eosdem, si advorsaretur, cogendi potestas erat, ita
ut censuerant Italici, deditionem facit. Jugurtha in
primis Adherbalem excruciatum necat; dein omnis
puberes Numidas atque negotiatores promiscue, uti
quisque armatis obvius fuerat, interfecit. -

Quod postquam Roma cognitum est, et res in
senatu agitari ccepta, eidem illi ministri regis inter-
pellando, ac seepe gratià, interdum jurgiis, trahendo
tempus, atrocitatem facti leniebant. Ac ni C. Mem-
mius, tribunus plebis designatus, vir acer et infestus
potentie nobilitatis, populum Romanum edocuisset,
zd agi, ut per paucos factiosos SYugurthe scelus con-
donaretur, profectó omnis invidia prolatandis con-
sultationibus dilapsa foret. "lanta vis gratie atque
pecunie regis erat! Sed ubi senatus, delicti con-
scientià, populum timet, lege Sempronià provincie
futuris consulibus, Numidia atque Italia, decretae:
consules declarati P. Scipio Nasica, L. Bestia Cal-
purnius: Calpurnio Numidia, Scipioni Italia obve-
nit. Deinde exercitus, qui in Africam portaretur,
scribitur : stipendium, aliaque, qua bello usui forent
decernuntur. |

3. Wugurtha in Atome.

[Chapters 32-35.]

Dum haec Romae geruntur, qui in Numidià
relicti a. Bestià exercitui preerant, pluruma et
flagitiosissuma facinora fecére. Fuére qui, auro
corrupti, elephantos Jugurthas traderent; alii:per-
fugas vendere; pars ex pacatis pradas agebant.
'anta vis avaritia in animos eorum, veluti tabes,

. SALLUST. 99

invaserat! At Cassius pretór, perlatà rogatione a
C. Memmio, ac perculsà omni nobilitate, ad Jugur-
tham proficiscitur; eique timido et ex conscientià
diffidenti rebus suis persuadet: "quoniam se populo
Romano dedisset, ne vim, quàm misericordiam, ex-
periri mallet." Privatim praetereà fidem suam inter-
ponit, quam ille non minoris quàm publicam duce-
bat. "Talis eà tempestate fama de Cassio erat.
Igitur Jugurtha, contra decus regium, cultu quàm
maxume miserabili, cum Cassio Romam venit.

Eà erat tempestate Romae Numida quidam, no-
mine Massiva, Gulusse filius, Masinisse nepos:
qui, quia in dissensione regum Jugurtha advorsus
fuerat, dedità Cirtà et Adherbale interfecto, profugus
ex Africà abierat. Huic Sp. Albinus, qui proxumo
anno post Bestiam cum Q. Minucio Rufo consula-
tum gerebat, persuadet, quoniam ex stirpe Masinissze
sit, Jugurthamque ob scelera invidia cum metu urgu-
eat, regnum Numidia ab senatu petat. Avidus con-
sul belli gerundi, moveri quàm senescere omnia
malebat. Ipsi provincia Numidia, Minucio Macedo-
nia evenerat. Quae postquam Massiva agitare coepit,
neque Jugurtha in amicis satis presidii est, quód
eorum alium conscientia, alium mala fama et timor
impediebat; Bomilcari, proxumo ac maxume fido
sibi, imperat, " pretio, sicut multa confecerat, insi-
diatores Massiva paret, ac maxume occulté— sin id
parum procedat quovis modo, Numidam interficiat."
Bomilcar maturé regis mandata exsequitur: et per
homines talis negotii artifices itinera egressusque
ejus, prostremó loca atque tempora cuncta, explorat :
deinde, ubi res postulabat, insidias tendit. Igitur
unus ex eo numero, qui ad cadam parati erant,

IOO LATIN READER.

paullo inconsultius Massivam adgreditur: illum ob-
truncat; sed ipse deprehensus, multis hortantibus et
in primis Albino consule, indicium profitetur. Fit
reus magis ex aequo bonoque quàm ex jure gentium
Bomilcar, comes ejus qui Romam fide publicà ve-
nerat. At Jugurtha, manufestus tanti sceleris, non
priüs omisit contra verum niti, quàm animum ad-
vortit, supra gratiam atque pecuniam suam, invidiam
facti esse. Igitur, quamquam in priore actione ex
amicis quinquaginta vades dederat, regno magis
quàm vadibus consulens, clam in Numidiam Bomil-
carem dimittit; veritus, ne reliquos popularis metus
invaderet parendi sibi, si de illo supplicium sum-
ptum foret. Et ipse paucis diebus eódem profectus
est, jussus a senatu Italià decedere. Sed postquam
Romáà egressus est, fertur, saepe eó tacitus respi-
ciens, postremo dixisse: O urbem venalem, et ma-
lurà jerituram, si emptorem invenerit!

4. Political Parties in /eome..-

[Chapters 41, 42.]

Ceterüm mos partium popularium et senatüs
factionum, ac deinde omnium malarum artium, pau-
cis ante annis Romae ortus est, otio et abundantià
earum rerum, qua prima mortales ducunt. Nam
ante Karthaginem deletam populus et senatus Ko-
manus placidé modestéque inter se rempublicam
tractabant; neque glorie, neque dominationis cer-
tamen inter civis erat: metus hostilis in bonis artibus
civitatem retinebat. Sed ubi illa formido mentibus
decessit, scilicet ea, quae secundae res amant, lasci-
via atque superbia incessére. ta, quod in advorsis -

SALLUST. IOI

rebus optaverant otium, postquam adepti sunt, as-
perius acerbiusque fuit. Namque coepére nobilitas
dignitatem, populus libertatem in lubidinem vortere :
sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere. lta omnia in
duas partis abstracta sunt: respublica, quae. media
fuerat, dilacerata. Ceterum nobilitas factione mavis
pollebat; plebei vis soluta, atque dispersa in multi-
tudine, minüs poterat; paucorum arbitrio belli
domique agitabatur; penes eosdem azrarium, pro-
vincie, magistratus, glorie triumphique erant ;
populus militià atque inopià urguebatur; praedas
bellicas imperatores cum paucis diripiebant; inter-
eà parentes, aut parvi liberi militum, ut quisque
potentiori confinis erat, sedibus pellebantur. Ita
cum potentià avaritia sine modo modestiàáque inva-
dere, polluere et vastare omnia; nihil pensi neque
sancti habere, quoad semet ipsa praecipitavit. Nam
ubi primüm ex nobilitate reperti sunt, qui veram
gloriam injuste potentiae anteponerent; moveri civi-
tas, et dissensio civilis, quasi permixtio terra, oriri
coepit.

Nam postquam Tiberius et C. Gracchus, quorum
majores Punico atque aliis bellis multum reipublice
addiderant, vindicare plebem in libertatem et pauco-
rum scelera patefacere cceepére; nobilitas noxia,
atque eo perculsa, modó per socios ac nomen Lati-
num, interdum per equites Romanos, quos spes so-
cietatis a plebe dimoverat, Gracchorum actionibus
obviàm ierat; et primó "Tiberium, dein paucos post
annos eadem ingredientem Caium, tribunum alte-
rum, alterum triumvirum coloniis deducendis, cum
M. Fulvio Flacco ferro necaverat. Et sané Grac-
chis, cupidine victorize, haud satis moderatus animus

102 LATIN READER.

fuit. Sed bono vinci satius est, quàm malo more
injuriam vincere. gitur eà victorià nobilitas ex
lubidine suà usa, multos mortalis ferro aut fugà ex-
tinxit; plusque in reliquum sibi timoris quàm poten-
tia addidit. Qua res plerümque magnas civitates
pessum dedit; dum alteri alteros vincere quovis
modo, et victos acerbiüs ulcisci volunt. Sed de
studiis partium, et omnis civitatis moribus, si sin-
gulatim aut pro magnitudine parem disserere, tem-
pus quàm res maturiüs deserat. Quamobrem ad
inceptum redeo.

95. ZAe Campaign of Metellus.

[Chapters 46-54.]

T- Intereà Jugurtha diffidere suis rebus, ac tum de-
mum veram deditionem facere conatus est. Igitur
legatos ad consulem cum suppliciis mittit, qui tan-
tummodoó ipsi liberisque vitam peterent, alia omnia
dederent populo Romano. Sed Metello jam anteà
experimentis cognitum erat genus Numidarum infi-
dum, ingenio mobili, novarum rerum avidum esse.
Itaque legatos alium ab alio divorsos adgreditur ; ac
paullatim tentando, postquam opportunos sibi cogno-
vit, multa pollicendo persuadet, "utü Jugurtham
maxume vivum, sin id parüm procederet, necatum
sibi traderent:" ceterüm palàm, quas ex voluntate
forent, regi nuntiari jubet.;. Deinde ipse paucis
diebus, intento atque infesto exercitu, in Numidiam
procedit: ubi, contra belli faciem, tuguria plena
hominum, pecora cultoresque in agris erant: ex
oppidis et mapálibus praefecti regis obvii procede-
bant, parati frumentum dare, commeatum portare,

SALLUST. 103

postremó omnia qua imperarentur facere. Neque
Metellus idcirco minüs, sed pariter ac si hostes
adessent, munito agmine incedere, late explorare
omnia, illa deditionis signa ostentui credere, et insi-
diis locum tentari. Itaque ipse cum expeditis co-
hortibus, item funditorum et sagittariorum delectà
manu, apud primos erat: in postremo C. Marius
legatus cum equitibus curabat: in utrumque latus
auxilirios equites tribunis legionum et praefectis
cohortium dispertiverat, ut cum eis permixti velites,
quócumque accederent equitatus hostium, propulsa-
rent. Nam in JjJugurthà tantus dolus, tantaque
peritia locorum et militiae erat, ut, absens an pra-
sens, pacem an bellum gerens, perniciosior esset, in
incerto haberetur.

Erat haud longe ab eo itinere quo Metellus per-
gebat, oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vacca, forum
rerum venalium totius regni maxume celebratum ;
ubi et incolere et mercari consueverant Italici gene-
ris multi mortales. Luc consul, simul tentandi gra-
tià si paterentur, et ob opportunitates loci, praesidium
imposuit; praetereà imperavit frumentum, et alia
quae bello usui forent comportare : ratus, id quod res
monebat, frequentiam negotiatorum et commeatuum
juvaturam exercitum, et jam paratis rebus munimen-
to fore. Inter haec negotia, Jugurtha impensius modó
legatos supplices mittere, pacem orare ; praeter suam
liberorumque vitam, omnia Metello dedere. Quos
item, uti priores, consul illectos ad proditionem do-
mum dimittebat: regi pacem, quam postulabat,
neque abnuere, neque polliceri, et inter eas moras
promissa legatorum exspectare.

Jugurtha ubi Metelli dicta cum factis composuit,

IO4 LATIN READER.

ac se suis artibus tentari animadvortit, — quippe cui
verbis pax nuntiabatur, ceterüm re bellum asperru-
mum erat, urbs maxuma alienata, ager hostibus
cognitus, animi popularium tentati, — coactus rerum
necessitudine, statuit armis certare. Igitur explora-
to hostium itinere, in spem victorie adductus ex
opportunitate loci; quàm maxumas copias potest
omnium generum parat, ac per tramites occultos ex-
ercitum Metelli antevenit. Eratin eà parte Numi-
diee, quam Adherbal in divisione possederat, flumen
oriens a meridie, nomine Muthul; a quo aberat
mons fermé milia passuum xx tractu pari, vastus ab
naturà et humano cultu: sed ex eo medio quasi
collis oriebatur, in immensum pertingens, vestitus
oleastro ac myrtetis, aliisque generibus arborum,
qua humi arido atque arenoso gignuntur. Media
autem planities deserta penurià aqua, praeter flumini
propinqua loca: ea consita arbustis pecore atque
cultoribus frequentabantur.

Igitur in eo colle, quem transvorso itinere porre-
ctum docuimus, Jugurtha extenuatà suorum acie
consedit, elephantis et parti copiarum pedestrium
Bomilcarem praefecit, eumque edocet qua ageret;
ipse propior montem cum omni equitatu et peditibus
dilectis suos collocat: dein singulas turmas et ma-
nipulos circumiens monet atque obtestatur, "uti me-
mores pristinae virtutis et victoride sese regnumque
suum ab Romanorum avaritià defendant: cum eis
certamen fore, quos anteà victos sub jugum mise-
rint: ducem illis, non animum mutatum: qua ab
imperatore decuerint, omnia suis provisa; locum
superiorem, ut prudentes cum imperitis, ne pauci-
ores cum pluribus, aut rudes cum bello melioribus

SALLUST. IOS

manum consererent: proinde parati intentique
essent, signo dato, Romanos invadere: illum diem
aut omnis labores et victorias confirmaturum, aut
maxumarum 2arumnarum initium íore." Ad hoc
viritim, uti quemque ob militare facinus pecunià aut
honore extulerat, commonefacere beneficii sui, et
eum ipsum aliis ostentare: postremó, pro cujusque
ingenio, pollicendo, minitando, obtestando, alium
alio modo excitare: cüm interim Metellus, ignarus
hostium, monte degrediens cum exercitu conspica-
tur, primó dubius quidnam insolita facies ostenderet
(nam inter virgulta equi Numidaque consederant,
neque plané occultati humilitate arborum, et tamen
incerti quidnam esset, cüm naturà loci, tum dolo
ipsi atque signa militaria obscurati), dein, brevi co-
gnitis insidiis, paullisper agmen constituit. Ibi com-
mutatis ordinibus, in dextro latere, quod proxumum
hostis erat, triplicibus subsidiis aciem instruxit ; inter
manipulos funditores et sagittarios dispertit; equita-
tum omnem in cornibus locat; ac pauca pro tem-
poré milites hortatus, aciem, sicuti instruxerat, trans-
vorsis principiis, in planum deducit.

Sed ubi Numidas quietos, neque colle degredi
animadvortit, veritus ex anni tempore et inopià
aqua, ne siti conficeretur exercitus, P. Rutilium le-
gatum cum expeditis cohortibus et parte equitum
praemisit ad flumen, uti locum castris antecaperet :
existumans hostis crebro impetu et transvorsis proe-
lis iter suum remoraturos, et quoniam armis difli-
derent, lassitudinem et sitim militum tentaturos.
Deinde ipse pro re atque loco, sicut! monte descen-
derat, paullatim procedere; Marium post principia
habere; ipse cum sinistrae alae equitibus esse, qui in
agmine principes facti erant.

106 LATIN READER.

At Jugurtha, ubi extremum agmen Metelli pri-
mos suos praetergressum videt, praesidio quasi duüm
milium peditum montem occupat, quà Metellus de-
scenderat, ne forte cedentibus advorsariis receptui
ac post munimento foret: dein, repenté signo dato,
hostis invadit. | Numidae alii postremos cadere;
pars a sinistrá ac dextrà tentare; infensi adesse at-
que instare; omnibus locis Romanorum ordines
conturbare: quorum etiam qui firmioribus animis
obvii hostibus fuerant, ludificati incerto proelio, ipsi
modó eminus sauciabantur; neque contrà feriundi,
aut conserendi manum, copia erat. Anteà jam
docti ab Jugurthà equites, ubi Romanorum turma
insequi cceperat, non confertim, neque in unum sese
recipiebant, sed alius alió quàm maxumé divorsi.
Ita numero priores, si ab persequendo hostis deter-
rere nequiverant, disjectos ab tergo aut lateribus
circumveniebant: sin opportunior fugae collis quàm
campi fuerant, eà veró consueti Numidarum equi
facilé inter virgulta evadere: nostros asperitas et in-
solentia loci retinebat. ,

Ceterüm facies totius negoti varia, incerta, foeda
atque miserabilis: dispersi a suis pars cedere, alii
insequi; neque signa, neque ordines observare ; ubi
quemque periculum ceperat, ibi resistere ac propul-
sare; arma, tela, equi, viri, hostes atque cives per-
mixti; nihil consilio neque imperio agi; fors omnia
regere. Itaque multum die processerat, cüm etiam
tum eventus in incerto erat. Denique omnibus
labore et estu languidis, Metellus, ubi videt Numi-
das minüs instare, paullatim milites in unum condu-
cit, ordines restituit, et cohortes legionarias quattuor
advorsüm pedites hostium collocat. Eorum. magna

SALLUST. 107

pars superioribus locis fessa consederat. Simul ora-
re et hortari milites, " ne deficerent, neu paterentur
hostis fugientes vincere: neque illis castra esse, ne-
que munimentum ullum, quó cedentes tenderent ; in
armis omnia sita." Sed ne Jugurtha quidem intereà
quietus erat: circumire, hortari, renovare proelium,
et ipse cum dilectis tentare omnia ; subvenire suis,
hostibus dubiis instare; quos firmos cognoverat,
eminus pugnando retinere.

Eo modo inter se duo imperatores summi viri cer-
tabant: ipsi pares, ceterüm opibus disparibus.
Nam Metello virtus militum erat, locus advorsus:
Jugurthaz alia omnia praeter milites opportuna. De-
nique Romani, ubi intellegunt neque sibi perfugium
esse, neque ab hoste copiam pugnandi fieri, et jam
die vesper erat, advorso colle, sicuti praeceptum
fuerat, evadunt. Amisso loco, Numidz fusi fugati-
que; pauci interiére ; plerosque velocitas, et regio
hostibus ignara, tutata sunt. Intereà Bomilcar,
quem elephantis et parti copiarum pedestrium prz-
fectum ab Jugurthà suprà diximus, ubi eum Ruti-
lius prattergressus est, paullatim suos in aequum
locum deducit : ac, dum legatus ad flumen quó prz-
missus erat festinans pergit, quietus, uti res postu-
labat, aciem exornat: neque remittit, quid ubique
hostis ageret explorare. Postquam Rutilium con-
sedisse jam, et animo vacuum accepit, simulque ex
Jugurthaz proelio clamorem augeri ; veritus ne lega-
tus, cognità re, laborantibus suis auxilio foret,
aciem, quam diffidens virtuti militum arcte statuerat,
quo hostium itineri obficeret, latius porrigit: eoque
modo ad Rutilii castra procedit.

Romani ex improviso pulveris vim magnam ani-

108 LATIN READER.

madvortunt; nam prospectum ager, arbustis consi-
tus, prohibebat. Et primó rati humum aridam vento
agitari; post ubi :equabilem manere, et, sicuti acies
movebatur, magis magisque adpropinquare vident,
cognità re, properantes arma capiunt, ac pro castris
sicuti imperabatur consistunt. Deinde, ubi propiüs
ventum est, utrimque magno clamore concurritur.
Numidas tantummodó remorati, dum in elephantis
auxilium putant, postquam eos impeditos ramis ar-
borum, atque ita disjectos circumvenir vident,
fugam faciunt: ac plerique, abjectis armis, collis
aut noctis qua jam aderat auxilio, integri abeunt.
Elephanti quattuor capti; reliqui omnes, numero
quadraginta, interfecti.

At Romani, quamquam itinere atque opere cas-
trorum et proelio fessi lettique [victorià] erant; ta-
men, quód Metellus ampliüs opinione morabatur,
instructi intentique obviàm procedunt: nam dolus
Numidarum nihil languidi neque remissi patiebatur.
Ac primó, obscurà nocte, postquam haud procul in-
ter se erant, strepitu, velut hostes adventarent, alteri
apud alteros formidinem simul et tumultum facere:
et paene imprudentià admissum facinus miserabile,
ni utrimque praemissi equites rem exploravissent.
Igitur pro metu repenté gaudium exortum ; milites
alius alium leti adpellant; acta edocent atque audi-
unt ; sua quisque fortia facta ad caelum fert. Quippe
res humanz ita sese habent: in victorià vel ignavis
gloriari licet; advorsae res etiam bonos detrectant.

Metellus, in eisdem castris quatriduo moratus, sau-
cios cum curá reficit, meritos in proeliis more mili-
tia donat, universos in concione laudat, atque agit
gratias: hortatur, "ad cetera, qua levia sint, pa-

SALLUST. 109

rem animum gerant: pro victorià satis jam pugna-
tum, reliquos labores pro pradà fore." Tamen
interim transfugas et alios opportunos, Jugurtha
ubi gentium, aut quid agitaret, cum paucisne esset,
an exercitum haberet, ut sese victus gereret, explo-
ratum misit. At ille sese in loca saltuosa et naturà
munita receperat : ibique cogebat exercitum numero
hominum ampliorem, sed hebetem infirmumque,
agri ac pecoris magis quàm belli cultorem. Id eà
gratià eveniebat, quód praeter regios equites nemo
omnium Numida ex fugà regem sequitur: quó cu-
jusque animus fert, eó discedunt ; neque id flagitium
militiae ducitur: ita se mores habent.

Igitur Metellus ubi videt regis etiam tum animum
ferocem esse; bellum: renovari, quod, nisi ex illius
lubidine, geri non posset; pratereà iniquum certa-
men sibi cum hostibus; minore detrimento illos
vinci quàm suos vincere: statuit non proeliis, neque
acie, sed alio more bellum gerundum. [taque in
Numidia loca opulentissuma pergit; agros vastat;
multa castella et oppida, temeré munita aut sine
praesidio, capit incenditque ; puberes interficit; alia
omnia militum praedam esse. EÀà formidine multi
mortales Romanis dediti obsides; frumentum et alia
quae usui forent adfatim praebita; ubicumque res
postulabat, praesidium impositum. — Quae negotia
multo magis quàm proelium malé pugnatum ab suis
regem terrebant: quippe cujus spes omnis in fugà
sita erat, sequi cogebatur; et qui sua loca defendere
- nequiverat, in alienis bellum gerere. Tamen ex
copià quod optumum videbatur consilium capit: ex-
ercitum plerumque in eisdem locis opperiri jubet ;
ipse cum delectis equitibus Metellum sequitur, no-

IIO | LATIN READER.

cturnis et aviis itineribus ignoratus Romanos palan-
tis repenté adgreditur. Eorum plerique inermes
cadunt, multi capiuntur; nemo omnium intactus
profugit. Et Numidae, priusquam ex castris subve-
niretur, sicuti jussi erant, in proxumos collis dis-
cedunt.

6. Cazus Marzus.

[Chapters 63, 64.] 4

Per idem tempus Utica forte C. Mario per hostias
deis supplicanti, "magna atque mirabilia portendi ?
haruspex dixerat : "proinde, quae animo agitabat,
fretus deis ageret; fortunam quàm sapissumé expe-
riretur; cuncta prospera eventura." At ilum jam
'anteà consulatüs ingens cupido exagitabat, ad quem
capiundum, praeter vestustatem familiz, alia omnia
abundé erant: industria, probitas, militie. magna
scientia, animus belli ingens, domi modicus, lubidi-
nis et divitiarum victor, tantummodo gloric avidus.
Sed is natus et omnem pueritiam Arpini altus, ubi
primüm aetas militiae. patiens fuit, stipendiis faciun-
dis, non Grzcá facundià, neque urbanis munditiis
sese exercuit: ita inter artis bonas integrum inge-
nium brevi adolevit. Ergó ubi primüm tribunatum
militarem a populo petit, plerisque faciem ejus igno-
rantibus, factis notus, per omnis tribus declaratur.
Deinde ab eo magistratu alium post alium sibi pepe-
rit; semperque in potestatibus eo modo agitabat, ut
ampliore quàm gerebat dignus haberetur. 'lTamen
is ad id locorum talis vir (nam posteà ambitione
praeceps datus est) consulatum adpetere non aude-
bat. Etiam tum alios magistratus plebes, consula-
tum nobilitas inter se per manus tradebat. Novus

SALLUST. II

nemo tam clarus, neque tam egregiis factis erat,
quin is indignus illo honore et quasi pollutus ha-
beretur.

Igitur ubi Marius haruspicis dicta eódem inten-
dere videt, quó cupido animi hortabatur, ab Metello
petundi gratià missionem rogat: cui quamquam
virtus, gloria, alia optanda bonis superabant, tamen
inerat contemtor animus et superbia, commune no-
bilitatis malum. Itaque primó commotus insolità
re, mirari primüm ejus consilium, et quasi per ami-
citiam monere, "ne tam prava inciperet, neu super
fortunam animum gereret; non omnia omnibus
cupiunda esse; debere illi res suas satis placere;
postremó caveret id petere a populo Romano, quod
illi jure negaretur." Postquam hzc atque alia talia

dixit, neque animus Marii flectitur, respondit, " ubi
primüm potuisset per negotia publica, facturum sese
qua peteret." Ac posteà sapiüs eadem postulanti
fertur dixisse, "ne festinaret abire; satis mature
illum cum filio suo consulatum petiturum." Is eo
tempore contubernio patris ibidem militabat, annos
natus circiter xx. Quae res Marium cüm pro ho-
nore, quem adífectabat, tum contra Metellum vehe-
menter accenderat. Ita cupidine atque irà, pessu-
mis consultoribus, grassari, neque facto ullo neque
dicto abstinere, quod modó ambitiosum foret ; milites
quibus in hibernis praeerat, laxiore imperio quàm
anteà habere; apud negotiatores, quorum magna
multitudo Utica erat, criminosé simul et magnifice
de bello loqui: " dimidia pars exercitüs si sibi per-
mitteretur, paucis diebus Jugurtham in catenis habi-
turum; ab imperatore consultó trahi, quód homo
inanis et regize superbie imperio nimis gauderet."

II2 LATIN READER.

Qua omnia illis eo firmiora videbantur, quód diu-
turnitate belli res familiaris corruperant, et animo
cupienti nihil satis festinatur.

4. The Despair of. Sugurtha.

[Chapters 70-76.]

Per idem tempus Bomilcar, cujus impulsu Jugur-
tha deditionem, quam metu deseruit, inceperat, su-
spectus regi, et ipse eum suspiciens, novas res
cupere: ad perniciem ejus dolum quzrere; die no-
ctuque fatigare animum. . Denique omnia tentando,
socium sibi adjungit Nabdalsam, hominem nobilem,
magnis opibus, carum acceptumque popularibus
suis; qui plerümque seorsüm ab rege exercitum
ductare, et omnis res exsequi solitus erat, quae
jJugurtha) fesso, aut majoribus adstricto, superave-
rant; ex quo illi gloria opesque inventae. Igitur
utriusque consilio dies insidiis statuitur: cetera, uti
res posceret, ex tempore parari placuit. Nabdalsa
ad exercitum profectus, quem inter hiberna Roma-
norum jussus habebat, ne ager inultis hostibus
vastaretur. Is postquam, magnitudine facinoris
perculsus, ad tempus non venit, metusque rem impe-
diebat; Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et
timore socii anxius, ne omisso vetere consilio novum
quaereret, litteras ad eum per homines fidelis mittit,
in quis mollitiem socordiamque viri accusare, testari
deos per quos juravisset: "ne pramia Metelli in
pestem converteret; Jugurthae exitium adesse ; cete-
rüm suáne an virtute Metelli periret, id modó agi-
tari; proinde reputaret cum animo suo, pramia, an
cruciatum mallet."

SALLUST. II3

Sed cüm ez litterae adlatzae, forte Nabdalsa, ex-
ercito corpore fessus, in lecto quiescebat: ubi,
cognitis Bomilcaris verbis, primó cura, deinde uti
zegrum animum solet somnus cepit. Erat ei Numi-
da quidam negotiorum curator, fidus acceptusque,
et omnium consiliorum nisi novissumi particeps.
Qui postquam adlatas litteras audivit, ex consuetu-
dine ratus operáà aut ingenio suo opus esse, in taber-
naculum introiit; dormiente illo epistulam, super
caput in pulvino temeré positam, sumit ac perlegit :
dein properé, cognitis insidiis, ad regem pergit.
Nabdalsa, póst paullo experrectus, ubi neque epi-
stulam reperit, et rem omnem uti acta erat cognovit,
primó indicem persequi conatus: postquam id fru-
strà fuit, Jugurtham placandi gratià accedit: dicit
qua ipse paravisset facere, perfidià clientis sui prz-
venta; lacrumans obtestatur per amicitiam, per-
que sua anteà fideliter acta, ne super tali scelere
suspectum sese haberet.

Ad ea rex, aliter atque animo gerebat, placidé
respondit. PBomilcare alisque multis, quos socios
insidiarum cognoverat, interfectis, iram oppresserat
ne qua ex eo negotio seditio oriretur. Neque post
id locorum Jugurthae dies, aut nox ulla quieta fuit:
neque loco, neque mortali cuiquam, aut tempori
satis credere; civis, hostisque juxtà metuere; cir-
cumspectare omnia, et omni strepitu pavescere ; alio
atque alio loco, sepe contra decus regium, noctu
requiescere ;. interdum somno experrectus, arreptis
armis, tumultum facere. Ita formidine, quasi vecor-
dià, exagitatl. «4

Amissis amicis, quorum plerosque ipse necaverat,

ceteri formidine, pars ad Romanos, alii ad regem
8

II4 LATIN READER.

Bocchum profugerant, cüm neque bellum geri sine
administris posset, et novorum fidem in tantà perfi-
dià veterum experiri periculosum duceret, varius
incertusque agitabat: neque illi res, neque consi-
lium, aut quisquam hominum satis placebat; itinera -
praefectosque in dies mutare; modó advorsum ho-
stes, interdum in solitudines pergere; sspe in fugá,
ac póst paullo in armis spem habere ; dubitare, vir-
tuti an fide popularium minüs crederet: ita, quó-
cumque intenderat, res advorse erant. Sed inter
eas moras repente sese Metellus cum exercitu osten-
dit. Numidae ab Jugurthà pro tempore parati in-
structique: dein proelium incipitur. Quà in parte
rex adfuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum; ceteri ejus
omnes milites primo concursu pulsi fugatique. Ro-
mani signorum et armorum aliquanto numero, ho-
stium. paucorum potiti. Nam fermé Numidas in
omnibus preliiss pedes magis, quàm arma tutata
sunt.

Ea fugà Jugurtha impensiüs modó rebus suis diffi-
dens, cum perfugis et parte equitatüs in solitudines,
dein Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum atque
opulentum, ubi plerique thesauri filiorumque ejus
multus pueritize cultus erat. Quae postquam Metello
comperta sunt, quamquam inter 'Thalam flumenque
proxumum, in spatio milium quinquaginta, loca
arida atque vasta esse cognoverat; tamen spe pa-
trandi belli, si ejus oppidi potitus foret, omnis aspe-
ritates supervadere, ac naturam etiam vincere
adgreditur. Igitur omnia jumenta sarcinis levari
jubet, nisi frumento dierum decem; ceterüm utres
modó, et alia aqua idonea portari. Pratereà con-
quirit ex agris quàm plurumum po'est domiti peco-

SALLUST. II$

ris: eó imponit vasa cujusque modi, sed pleraque
lignea, collecta ex tuguriis Numidarum. Ad hoc
finitumis imperat, qui se post regis fugam Metello
dederant, quàm plurumum quisque aqua portarent ;
diem locumque ubi prastó forent praedicit. Ipse
ex flumine, quam proxumam oppido aquam suprà
diximus, jumenta onerat. Eo modo instructus ad
Thalam proficiscitur. Deinde ubi ad id loci ven-
tum, quó Numidis praeceperat, et castra posita mu-
nitaque sunt; tanta repenté calo missa vis aquae
dicitur, ut ea modó exercitui satis superque foret.
Pratereà commeatus spe amplior: quia Numidae,
sicuti plerique in novà deditione, officia intenderant.
Ceterüm milites religione pluvià magis usi; eaque
res multum animis eorum addidit, nam rati sese
deis immortalibus curae esse. Deinde postero die,
contra opinionem Jugurthz, ad 'Thalam perveniunt.
Oppidani, qui se locorum asperitate munitos credi-
derant, magnáà atque insoltà re perculsi, nihilo se-
gniüs bellum parare : idem nostri facere.

Sed rex, nihil jam infectum Metello: credens, —
quippe qui omnia, arma, tela, locos, tempora, deni-
que naturam ipsam, ceteris imperitantem, industrià
vicerat, — cum liberis et magná parte pecunie ex
oppido noctu profugit: neque posteà in ullo loco am-
plius uno die aut unà nocte moratus, simulabat sese
negoti gratià properare: ceterüm proditionem time-
bat, quam vitare posse celeritate putabat; nam talia
consilia per otium, et ex opportunitate capi. At
Metellus, ubi oppidanos proelio intentos, simul oppi-
dum et operibus et loco munitum videt, vallo fossá-
que moenia circumvenit. Deinde locis ex copià
maxume idoneis vineas agere, aggerem jacere, et

IIÓ LATIN READER.

super aggerem impositis turribus, opus et adminis-
tros tutari. Contra hac oppidani festinare, parare :
prorsus ab utrisque nihil reliquum fieri. Denique
Romani, multo anté labore proeliisque fatigati, post
dies quadraginta quàm eó ventum erat, oppido modó
potiti: praeda omnis ab perfugis corrupta. Ei, post-
quam murum arietibus feriri, resque suas adflictas
vident, aurum atque argentum, et alia qua prima
ducuntur, domum regiam comportant: ibi vino et
epulis onerati, illaque et domum et semet igni cor-
rumpunt ; etquas victi ab hostibus poenas metuerant,
eas ipsi volentes pependére.

8. Martius before the People.

[Chapters 84-86.]

At Marius, ut suprà diximus, cupientissumá plebe
consul factus, postquam ei provinciam Numidiam
populus jussit, anteà jam infestus nobilitati, tum veró
multus atque ferox instare; singulos modó, modó
universos laedere; dictitare, "sese consulatum ex
victis illis spolia cepisse;" alia praetereà magnifica
pro se, et illis dolentia. Interim, qua bello opus
erant, prima habere; postulare legionibus supple-
mentum; auxilia a populis et regibus sociisque
arcessere; praetereà ex Latio fortissumum quemque
plerosque militie, paucos famà cognitos accire, et.
ambiundo cogere homines emeritis stipendiis secum
proficisci. Neque illi senatus, quamquam advorsus
erat, de ullo negotio abnuere audebat; ceterüm
supplementum etiam latus decreverat: quia neque
plebi militia volenti putabatur, et Marius aut belli
usum, aut studia volgi amissurus. Sed ea res fru-

SALLUST. | I17

strà sperata: tanta lubido cum Mario eundi pleros-
que invaserat! Sese quisque praedà locupletem fore,
victorem domum rediturum, alia hujuscemodi animis
trahebant. Et eos non paullum oratione suà Ma-
rius arrexerat: nam postquam, omnibus qua postu-
laverat decretis, milites scribere volt, hortandi caussà
simul, et nobilitatem (uti consueverat) exagitandi,
contionem populi advocavit. Deinde hoc modo
disseruit :

** Scio ego, Quirites, plerosque non eisdem artibus in-
perium a vobis petere, et, postquam adepti sunt, gerere ;
primo industrios, subplicis, modicos esse ; dein per igna-
viam et superbiam statem agere. Set mihi contra ea
videtur: nam quo pluris est univorsa respublica quàm
consulatus aut prztura, eo majore curá illam administrari
quàm hzc peti debere.

* Neque me fallit, quantum cum maxumo vostro beni-
ficio negoti sustineam. Bellum parare simul, et zrario
parcere; cogere ad militiam, quos nolis obfendere ; domi
forisque omnia curare; et ea agere inter invidos, occur-
santis, factiosos, — opinione, Quirites, asperius est. Ad
hoc, alii si deliquére, vetus nobilitas, majorum facta fortia,
cognatorum et adfinium opes, multe clientele, omnia
hac presidio adsunt; mihi spes omnes in memet sitze,
quas necesse est et virtute et innocentiá tutari: nam alia
infirma sunt.

** Et illud intellego, Quirites, omnium ora in me con-
vorsa esse; zquos bonosque favere, quippe mea bene
facta reipublicz procedunt ; nobilitatem locum invadendi
quaerere. Quo mihi acriüs adnitendum est, uti neque vos
capiamini, et illi frustrà sint. Ita ad hoc statis a pueritiá
fui, uti omnis labores et periculá consueta habeam. Que
ante vostra benificia gratuito faciebam, ea uti acceptá
mercede deseram, non est consilium, Quirites. Illis diffi-
cile est in potestatibus temperare, qui per ambitionem

118 | LATIN READER.

sese probos simulavére: mihi, qui omnem zetatem in
optumis artibus egi, bene facere jam ex consuetudine in
naturam vortit.

* Bellum me gerere cum Jugurthá jussistis; quam rem
nobilitas z:gerrume tulit. Quzso, reputate cum animis
vostris, num id mutare melius sit, si quem ex illo globo
nobilitatis ad hoc aut aliud tale negotium mittatis, homi-
nem veteris prosapie ac multarum imaginum, et nullius
stipendi: scilicet ut in tantá re, ignarus omnium, trepi-
det, festinet, sumat aliquem ex populo monitorem offici
sui. Ita plerümque evenit, uti quem vos inperatorem jus-
sistis, is sibi inperatorem alium quzerat.

** Atque ego scio, Quirites, qui, postquam consules facti
sunt, et acta majorum et Graecorum militaria przcepta
legere coeperint: preposteri homines; nam gerere quàm
fieri tempore posterius, re atque usu prius est. Conpa-
rate nunc, Quirites, cum illorum superbiáà me hominem
novom. Qus illi audire et legere solent, eorum partem
vidi, alia egomet gessi: quz illi litteris, ea ego militando
didici.

* Nunc vos existumate, facta an dicta pluris sint. Con-
temnunt novitatem meam, ego illorum ignaviam ; mihi
fortuna, illis probra obiciuntur. Quamquam ego naturam
unam et communem omnium existumo, set fortissumum
quemque generosissumum. .Ac, si jam ex patribus Albini
aut Bestiz quzri posset, mene an illos ex se gigni malu-
erint; quid responsuros creditis, nisi, sese liberos quàm
optumos voluisse ? Quod si jure me despiciunt,faciant idem
majoribus suis, quibus, uti mihi, ex virtute nobilitas coepit.

* Invident honori meo: ergo invideant labori, innocen-
tie, periculis etiam meis, quoniam per hzc illum cepi.
Verüm homines conrupti superbiá ita zetatem agunt, quasi
vostros honores contemnant ; ita hos petunt, quasi hone-
sté vixerint. Né, illi falsi sunt, qui divorsissumas res pa-
riter exspectant, ignaviz voluptatem, et praemia virtutis.

* Atque etiam cüm apud vos aut in senatü verba faci-

SALLUST. II9

unt, pleráque oratione majores suos extollunt: eorum
fortia facta memorando clariores sese putant. Quod con-
trà est. Nam quanto vita illorum przclarior, tanto ho
rum socordia flagitiosior. Et profecto ita se res habent:
majorum gloria posteris quasi lumen est, neque bona ne-
que mala eorum in occulto patitur. Cujus rei ego inopiam
fateor, Quirites; verüm, id quod multo przclarius est,
meamet facta mihi dicere licet. Nunc videte, quàm iniqui
sint. Quod ex aliená virtute sibi adrogant, id mihi ex
meá non concedunt: scilicet, quia imagines non habeo,
et quia mihi nova nobilitas est, quam certe peperisse me-
lius est, quàm acceptam conrupisse.

* Equidem ego non ignoro, si jam mihi respondere ve-
lint, abundé illis facundam et conpositam orationem fore.
Set in maxumo vostro benificio, cüm omnibus locis me-
que vosque maledictis lacerent, non placuit reticere, ne
quis modestiam in conscientiam duceret. Nam me qui-
dem ex animi sententiáà nulla orátio lzedere potest: quippe
vera necesse est bene praedicent; falsa vita moresque mei
superant.

* Set quoniam vostra consilia accusantur, qui mihi
summum honorem et maxumum negotium inposuistis :
etiam atque etiam reputate, num eorum peenitendum sit.
Non possum fidei caussá imagines neque triumphos aut
consulatus majorum meorum ostentare : at, si res postulet,
hastas, vexillum, phaleras, alia militaria dona ; prztereà
cicatrices advorso pectore. lle sunt mea imagines;
hzc nobilitas, non hereditate relicta, ut illa illis, set quae
egomet meis plurumis laboribus et periculis quzesivi.
Non sunt conposita verba mea: parvi id facio: ipsa se
virtus satis ostendit: illis artificio opus est, ut turpia facta
oratione tegant.

« Neque litteras Grecas didici: parüm placebat eas
discere, quippe quz ad virtutem doctoribus nihil profue-
runt. At ila multo optuma reipublice doctus sum:
hostem ferire, prasidium agitare; nihil metuere, nisi

120 LATIN READER.

turpem famam ; hiemem et zstatem juxtà pati ; humi re-
quiescere ; eodem tempore inopiam et laborem tolerare.
Eis ego preceptis milites hortabor: neque illos arcté co-
lam, me opulenter; neque gloriam meam, laborem illo-
rum faciam. Hoc est utile, hoc civile inperium. Nam-
que cüm tute per mollitiem agas, exercitum subplicio
cogere, id est dominum, non imperatorem esse.

** Haec atque talia majores vostri faciundo, seque rem-
que publicam celebravére. Quis nobilitas freta, ipsa dis-
similis moribus, nos illorum a&smulos contemnit; et omnis
honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos, a vobis repetit.
Ceterüm homines superbissumi procul errant. Majores
eorum omnia, qua licebat, illis reliquére, divitias, ima-
gines, memoriam sui praeclaram: virtutem non reli-
quére, neque poterant: ea sola neque datur dono, neque
accipitur.

* Sordidum me et incultis moribus aiunt; quia parüm
scite convivium exorno, neque histrionem ullum, neque
pluris preci cocum quàm villicum habeo. Quze mihi lubet
confiteri, Quirites. Nam ex parente meo et ex aliis san-
ctis viris ita accepi, munditias mulieribus, viris laborem
convenire ; omnibusque bonis oportere plus glorize, quàm
divitiarum esse; arma, non supellectilem, decori esse.
Quin ergó quod juvat, quod carum zestumant, id semper
faciant: ament; potent; ubi adulescentiam habuére, ibi
senectutem agant——-in conviviis, dediti ventri et turpis-
sumz parti corporis: sudorem, pulverem, et alia talia re-
linquant nobis, quibus illa epulis jocundiora sunt.

* Verüm non ita est. Nam ubi se omnibus flagitiis
dedecoravére turpissumi viri bonorum praemia ereptum
eunt. Ita injustissumé luxuria et ignavia, pessumze artes,
ilis qui coluére eas nihil obficiunt; reipublice innoxic
cladi sunt.

* Nunc quoniam illis quantum mei mores, non illorum
flagitia poscebant, respondi, pauca de republicá loquar.
Primüm omnium de Numidiá bonum habetote animum,

SALLUST. I2I

Quirites. Nam qua ad hoc tempus Jugurtham tutata
sunt, omnia removistis, avaritiam, inperitiam, superbiam.
Deinde exercitus ibi est, locorum sciens; set, mehercules,
magis strenuus quàm felix. Nam magna pars ejus ava-
ritià aut temeritate ducum adtrita est. Quamobrem vos,
quibus militaris zetas est, adnitimini mecum, et capessite
rempublicam: neque quemquam ex calamitate aliorum
aut inperatorum superbià metus ceperit. Egomet in ag-
mine aut in prelio consultor idem, et socius periculis
vobiscum adero; meque vosque in omnibus rebus juxtà
geram.

** Et profecto deis juvantibus omnia matura sunt, victo-
ria, preda, laus: qua si dubia aut procul essent, tamen
omnis bonos reipublice subvenire decebat. Etenim nemo
ignavià inmortalis factus est: neque quisquam parens li-
beris uti zterni forent optavit; magis, uti boni honestique
vitam exigerent. Plura dicerem, Quirites, si timidis virtu-
tem verba adderent: nam strenuis Mtiide dictum puto."

Hujuscemodi oratione habità, i, os postquam
plebei animos arrectos videt, properé commeatu,
stipendio, armis, aliis utilibus navis onerat ; cum his
A. Manlium legatum proficisci jubet. Ipse intereà
milites scribere, non more majorum, neque ex classi-
bus, sed uti cujusque lubido erat, capite censos ple-
rosque. Id factum ali inopià bonorum, alii per
ambitionem consulis memorabant: quód ab eo ge-
nere celebratus auctusque erat, et homini poten-
tiam quaerenti egentissumus quisque opportunissu-
mus; cui neque sua cara, quippe que nulla sunt, et
omnia cum pretio honesta videntur. Igitur Marius
cum majore aliquanto numero quàm decretum erat
in Africam profectus, paucis diebus Uticam advehi-
tur. Exercitus ei traditur a P. Rutilio legato: nam
. Metellus conspectum Marii fugerat, ne videret ea,
qua audita animus tolerare nequiverat.

122 - LATIN READER.

9. JMarzus zn the Feld.

[Chapters 87-94-]

Sed consul, expletis legionibus cohortibusque
auxiliariis, in agrum fertilem et praedà onustum pro-
ficiscitur. Omnia ibi capta militibus donat. Dein
castella et oppida, naturà et viris parüm munita, ad-
greditur; proelia multa, ceterüm levia, alia aliis
locis facere. Interim novi milites sine metu pugnae
adesse; videre fugientis capi, occidi; fortissumum
quemque tutissumum ; armis libertatem, patriam,
parentesque, et alia omnia tegi; gloriam atque divi-
tias quaeri. Sic brevi spatio novi veteresque coa-
luére, et virtus omnium zqualis facta. . . . |

Marius impigré prudenterque suorum et hostium
res pariter adtendere: cognoscere quid boni utris-
que, aut contrà esset; explorare itinera regum;
consilia et insidias eorum antevenire ; nihil apud se
remissum, neque apud illos tutum pati. Itaque et
Gaetulos, et Jugurtham, ex sociis nostris praedam
agentes, seepe adgressus in itinere fuderat, ipsumque
regem haud procul ab oppido Cirtà armis exuerat.

Erat inter ingentis solitudines oppidum magnum
atque valens, nomine Capsa, cujus conditor Her-
cules Libus memorabatur. Ejus cives apud Jugur-
tham immunes, levi imperio, et ob ea fidelissumi
habebantur; muniti advorsüm hostis non moenibus
modo, et armis atque viris, verüm etiam multo magis
locorum asperitate. Nam, praeter oppido propinqua,
alia omnia vasta, inculta, egentia aquae, infesta ser-
pentibus, quarum vis, sicut! omnium ferarum, inopià
cibi acrior. Ad hoc natura serpentium, ipsa perni-

SALLUST. 123

ciosa, siti magis quàm alià re accenditur. Ejus
potiundi Marium maxuma cupido invaserat, cüm
propter usum belli, tum quia res aspera videbatur ;
et Metellus oppidum Thalam magnà glorià ceperat,
haud dissimiliter situm munitumque, nisi quód apud
Thalam non longé a menibus aliquot fontes erant;
Capsenses unà modó, atque eà intra oppidum, jugi
aquà, ceterà pluvià utebantur. Id ibique, et in
omni Africà, quà procul a mari incultius agebatur,
eo facilius tolerabatur, quia Numidae plerümque
lacte et ferinà carne vescebantur, et neque salem,
neque alia irritamenta gula quaerebant: cibus illis
advorsüs famem atque sitim, non lubidini, neque
luxurie erat.

Igitur consul, omnibus exploratis, — credo deis
fretus, nam contra tantas difficultates consilio satis
providere non poterat: quippe etiam frumenti ino-
pià tentabatur, quia Numidae pabulo pecoris magis
quàm arvo student, et quodcumque natum fuerat
jussu regis in loca munita contulerant; ager autem
aridus et frugum vacuus.eà tempestate, nam aestatis -
extremum erat,— tamen pro rei copià satis provi-
denter exornat: pecus omne, quod superioribus
diebus praede fuerat, equitibus auxiliariis agendum
adtribuit; A. Manlium legatum cum cohortibus
expeditis ad oppidum Laris, ubi stipendium et com-
meatum locaverat, ire jubet, se praedabundum post
paucos dies eódem venturum. Sic incepto suo oc-
culto, pergit ad flumen Tanaim.

Ceterüm in itinere quotidie pecus exercitui per
centurias, item turmas zqualiter distribuerat, et ex
coriis utres uti fierent curabat: simul inopiam fru-
menti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare qua» mox

I24 LATIN READER.

usui forent: denique sexto die, cüm ad flumen ven-
tum est, maxuma vis utrium effecta. Ibi castris levi
munimento positis, milites cibum capere, atque uti
simul cum occasu solis egrederentur paratos esse
jubet; omnibus sarcinis. abjectis, aquà modó seque
et jumenta onerare. Dein postquam tempus visum,
castris egreditur, noctemque totam itinere facto con-
sedit: idem proxumá facit: dein tertià, multo ante
lucis adventum, pervenit in locum tumulosum, ab
Capsà non ampliüs duüm milium intervallo ; ibique
quàm occultissumé potest, cum omnibus copiis oppe-
ritur. Sed ubi dies coepit, et Numidae, nihil hostile
metuentes, multi oppido egressi; repenté omnem
equitatum, et cum eis velocissumos pedites cursu
tendere ad Capsam, et portas obsidere jubet : deinde
ipse intentus properé sequi, neque milites praedari
sinere. Quas postquam oppidani cognovére, res
trepida, metus ingens, malum improvisum, ad hoc
pars civium extra moenia in hostium potestate, coé-
gére uti deditionem facerent. Ceterum oppidum
incensum ; Numidae puberes interfecti; alii omnes
venum dati; prada mihltibus divisa. Id facinus
contra jus belli, non avaritià neque scelere consulis
admissum; sed quia locus Jugurtha opportunus,
nobis aditu difficilis; genus hominum mobile, infi-
dum, neque beneficio neque metu coércitum. -
Postquam tantam rem Marius sine ullo suorum.
incommodo effecit, magnus et clarus anteà, major at-
que clarior haberi coepit. Omnia non bene consulta
in virtutem trahebantur: milites, modesto imperio
habiti, simul et locupletes, ad ceelum ferre; Numidz
magis quàm mortalem timere; postremó omnes, so-
ci atque hostes, credere illi aut mentem divinam

SALLUST. I25

esse, aut deorum nutu cuncta portendi. Sed consul,
ubi ea res bene evenit, ad alia oppida pergit: pauca,
repugnantibus Numidis, capit; plura, deserta pro-
pter Capsensium miserias, igni corrumpit: luctu at-
que czede omnia complentur.

Denique multis locis potitus, ac plerisque exer-
citu incruento, aliam rem adgreditur, non eàdem
asperitate quà Capsensium, ceterüm haud secüs
difficilem. Namque haud longe a flumine Muluchz,
quod Jugurtha Bocchique regnum disjungebat, erat
inter ceteram planitiem mons saxeus, mediocri ca-
stello satis patens, in immensum editus, uno peran-
gusto aditu relicto: nam omnis a naturà velut opere
atque consulto praeceps. Quem locum Marius, quód
ibi regis thesauri erant, summà vi capere intendit.
Sed ea res forte quàm consilio melius gesta. Nam
castello virorum atque armorum satis, magna vis
frumenti et fons aqua; aggeribus turribusque et
aliis machinationibus locus importunus; iter castel-
lanorum angustum admodüm, utrimque pracisum.
Vinec cum ingenti periculo frustrà agebantur: nam
cüm ez paullo processerant, igni aut lapidibus cor-
rumpebantur; milites neque pro opere consistere
propter iniquitatem loci, neque inter vineas sine peri-
culo administrare ; optumus quisque cadere aut sau-
Clari; ceteris metus augeri.

At Marius, multis diebus et laboribus comsumptis,
anxius trahere cum animo suo, omitteretne incep- |
tum, quoniam frustrà erat; an fortunam opperiretur,
quà sepe prosperé usus fuerat. Que cüm mul-
tos dies noctesque zstuans agitaret, forte quidam
Ligus, ex cohortibus auxiliariis miles gregarius,
castris aquatum egressus, haud procul ab latere

,

126 "LATIN READER.

castelli; quod avorsum preeliantibus erat, animum
advortit inter saxa repentis cochleas; quarum cüm
unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret, studio
legundi paullatim propé ad summum montis egres-
sus est. Ubi postquam solitudinem intellexit, more
ingeni humani, cupido difficilia faciundi animum
vortit. Et forte in eo loco grandis ilex coaluerat
inter saxa, paullum modó prona, dein flexa atque
aucta in altitudinem, quó cuncta gignentium natura
fert; cujus ramis modó, modó eminentibus saxis,
nisus Ligus, castelli planitiem perscrutatur, quód
cuncti Numidae intenti proediantibus aderant. Ex-
ploratis omnibus quae mox usui fore ducebat, eàdem
regreditur, non temeré, uti escenderat, sed tentans
omnia et circumspiciens. Itaque Marium propere
adit; acta edocet; hortatur ab eà parte quà ipse de-
scenderat castellum tentet; pollicetur sese itineris
periculique ducem. Marius cum Ligure, promissa
ejus cognitum, ex praesentibus misit; quorum uti cu-
jusque ingenium erat, ita rem difficilem aut facilem
nuntiavére. Consulis animus tamen paullüm arrec-
tus. Itaque ex copià tubicinum et cornicinum nu-
mero quinque quàm velocissumos delegit, et cum eis,
praesidio qui forent, milites paucos, et quattuor cen-
turiones: omnisque Liguri parere jubet, et ei ne-
gotio proxumum diem constituit.

Sed ubi ex praecepto tempus visum, paratis com-
positisque omnibus, ad locum pergit. Ceterüm illi
qui escensuri przeerant, praedocti ab duce, arma or-
natumque mutaverant, capite atque pedibus nudis,
uti prospectus nisusque per saxa facilius foret ; super
terga gladii et scuta; verüm ea Numidica ex coriis,
ponderis gratià simul, et offensa quo leviüs strepe-

SALLUST. - 127

rent. Igitur pregrediens Ligus saxa, et si quae
vetustze radices eminebant, laqueis vinciebat, qui-
bus adlevati milites facilius éscenderent; interdum
timidos insolentià itineris levare manu: ubi paullo
asperior adscensus erat, singulos pra se inermos
mittere, dein ipse cum illorum armis sequi; qua
dubia nisu videbantur potissumus tentare, ac szepiüs
eüdem adscendens descendensque, dein statim di-
grediens, ceteris audaciam addere. Igitur dià mul-
tümque fatigati, tandem in castellum perveniunt, .
desertum ab eà parte; quód omnes, sicut aliis die-
bus, advorsüm hostis aderant. Marius ubi ex
nuntiis quze Ligus egerat cognovit, quamquam toto
die intentos proelio Numidas habuerat, tum veró,
cohortatus milites, et ipse extra vineas est egressus ;
testudine actà succedere, et simul hostem tormentis:
sagittariisque et funditoribus eminüs terrere. At
Numidae, saepe anteà vineis Romanorum subvorsis,
item incensis, non castelli meenibus sese tutabantur,
sed pro muro dies noctesque agitare; maledicere
Romanis, ac Mario vecordiam objectare; militibus
nostris Jugurthae servitium minari; secundis rebus
feroces esse. Interim omnibus, Romanis hostibus-
que, prcelio intentis, magná utrimque vi pro glorià
atque imperio his, illis pro salute certantibus, re-
penté a tergo signa canere: ac primo mulieres et
pueri, qui visum processerant, fugere; deinde uti
. quisque muro proxumus erat, postremo cuncti, arma-
ti inermesque. Quod ubi accidit, eo acriüs Romani
instare, fundere, ac plerosque tantummodó sauciare,
dein super occisorum corpora vadere, avidi glorie
certantes murum petere, neque quemquam omnium
prada. morari. Sic forté correcta Marii. temeritas
gloriam ex culpà invenit.

. 128 - LATIN READER.

IO. Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
[Chapters 95-101.]

Ceterüm, dum ea res geritur, L. Sulla quaestor
cum magno equitatu in castra venit; quos uti ex
Latio et a sociis cogeret Romae relictus erat. Sed
quoniam nos tanti viri res admonuit, idoneum visum
est de naturáà cultuque ejus paucis dicere.

Igitur Sulla gentis patricie nobilis fuit, familià
prope jam exstinctà majorum ignavià : litteris Grzecis
atque Latinis juxtà atque doctissumé eruditus ; animo
ingenti; cupidus voluptatum, sed gloria cupidior;
otio luxurioso; tamen ab negotiis numquam volup-
tas remorata ; facundus, callidus, et amicitià facilis ;
' ad simulanda ac dissimulanda negotia altitudo inge-
ni incredibilis; multarum rerum, ac maxumé pecu-
nie, largitor: atque illi felicissumo omnium ante
civilem victoriam, numquam super industriam for-
tuna fuit; multique dubitavére, fortior an felicior
esset. Nam posteà qua fecerit, incertum habeo
pudeat magis an pigeat disserere.

Igitur Sulla uti suprà dictum est, postquam in
Africam atque in castra Mari cum equitatu venit,
rudis anteà et ignarus belli, sollertissumus omnium
in paucis tempestatibus factus est. Ad hoc milites
benigne adpellare; multis rogantibus, aliis per se
ipse dare beneficia, invitus accipere; sed ea prope-
rantiüs quàm aes mutuum reddere : ipse ab nullo re-
petere; magis id laborare, ut illi quàm plurimi
deberent; joca atque seria cum humillumis agere;
in agmine atque ad vigilias multus adesse: neque .
interim, quod prava ambitio solet, consulis aut. cu-

SALLUST: . 129

jusquam boni famam ledere; tantummodó neque
consilio neque manu priorem alium pati; plerosque
antevenire. Quibus rebus et artibus brevi Mario
militibusque carissumus factus. . . .

Quarto denique die, haud longé ab oppido Cirtá
undique simul speculatores citi sese ostendunt; quà -
re hostis adesse intellegitur. Sed quia divorsi re-
deuntes, alius ab alià parte atque omnes idem si-
gnificabant, consul incertus quonam modo aciem
instrueret, nullo ordine commutato, advorsüm omnia
paratus, ibidem opperitur. Interim Sulla, quem pri-
mum hostes adtigerant, cohortatus suos, turmatim et
quàm maxume confertis equis, ipse aliique Mauros
invadunt: ceteri in loco manentes ab jaculis eminüs
emissis corpora tegere, et si qui in manus venerant
obtruncare. Dum eo modo equites prodiantur, Boc-
chus cum peditibus quos Volux filius ejus adduxerat,
neque in priore pugná, in iüinere morati, adfuerant,
postremam Romanorum aciem invadunt. "lum Ma-
rius apud primos agebat, quód ibi Jugurtha cum plu-
rumis erat. Dein Numida, cognito Bocchi adventu,
clam cum paucis ad pedites convortit: ibi Latine
(nam apud Numantiam loqui didicerat) exclamat :
"nostros frustrà pugnare; paullo ante Marium suà

manu interfectum : " simul gladium sanguine oblitum
ostendere, quem in pugná, satis impigré occiso pe-
dite nostro, cruentaverat. Quod ubi milites accepére,
magis atrocitate rei quàm fide nuntii terrentur: si-
mulque barbari animos tollere, et.in perculsos Ro-
manos acriüs incedere. Jamque paullüm a fugà
aberant, cüm Sulla, profligatis eis quos advorsüm
ierat, rediens ab latere Mauris incurrit. Bocchus
statim-avortitur. At Jugurtha, dum sustentare suos
9

I30 LATIN READER.

et propé jam adeptam victoriam retinere cupit, cir-
cumventus ab equitibus, dextrà sinistráà omnibus
occisis, solus inter tela hostium vitabundus erumpit.
Atque interim Marius, fugatis equitibus, accurrit
auxilio suis, quos pelli jam acceperat. Denique
hostes undique fusi. 'lum spectaculum horribile
campis patentibus: sequi, fugere; occidi, capi;
equi atque viri adflicti; ac multi volneribus acceptis
neque fugere posse, neque quietem pati; niti modo,
ac statim eoncidere : postremó omnia, quà visus erat,
constrata telis, armis, cadaveribus ; et intereà humus
infecta sanguine.

II. "Wugurtha is Detrayed and Captured.

[Chapters 105-114.]

Quibus rebus cognitis, Bocchus per litteras a
Mario petiverat, uti ad se mitteret Sullam ; cujus
arbitratu de communibus negotiis consuleretur. Is
missus cum praesidio equitum atque peditum, item
funditorum Balearium: praeetereà iére sagittarii et
cohors Peligna cum velitaribus armis, itineris pro-
perandi caussá; neque eis secüs atque aliis armis
advorsüs tela hostium, quód ea levia sunt, muniti. '
Sed in itinere, quinto denique die, Volux, filius
Bocchi, repenté in campis patentibus cum mille non
amplius equitibus sese ostendit; qui temere et effuse
euntes, Sulla alisque omnibus et numerum vero
ampliorem, et hostilem metum efficiebant. Igitur
se quisque expedire, arma atque tela tentare, in-
tendere; timor aliquantus, sed spes amplior, quippe
victoribus, et advorsüs eos quos sepe vicerant. In-

SALLUST. Ij3I

terim equites, exploratum praemissi, rem (ut erat)
quietam nuntiant.

Volux adveniens quastorem adpellat, dicitque
"se a patre Boccho obviàm illis simul, et praesidio
missum." Deinde eum et proxumum diem sine
metu conjuncti eunt. Post, ubi castra locata, et diei
vesper erat, repenté Maurus incerto voltu pavens ad
Sullam adcurrit, dicitque, "sibi ex speculatoribus
cognitum, Jugurtham haud procul abesse:" simul
uti noctu clàm secum profugeret, rogat atque horta-
tur. llle animo feroci negat "se totiens fusum Nu-
midam pertimescere: virtuti suorum satis credere ;
etiam si certa pestis adesset, mansurum potius quàm,
proditis quos ducebat, turpi fugà incerte ac forsitan
post paullo morbo interiturze vitt&e parceret." Cete-
rüm ab eodem monitus uti noctu proficiscerentur,
consilium adprobat; ac statim milites cenatos esse
in castris, ignisque quam creberrumos fieri; dein
primá vigilià silentio egredi jubet. Jamque nocturno
itinere fessis omnibus, Sulla pariter cum ortu solis
metabatur, cüm equites Mauri nuntiant Jugurtham
circiter duüm milium intervallo ante eos consedisse.
Quod postquam auditum est, tum veró ingens metus
nostros invadit: credere se proditos a Voluce, et in-
sidüis circumventos; ac fuére qui dicerent manu
vindicandum, neque apud illum tantum scelus inul-
tum relinquendum. |

At Sulla, quamquam eadem existumabat, tamen
ab injurià Maurum prohibet: suos hortatur, "uti
fortem animum gererent ; saepe anteà paucis stre-
nuis advorsüm multitudinem bene pugnatum ; quan-
to sibi in prelio minüs pepercissent, tanto tutiores
fore; neque quemquam decere, qui manus armave-

r5 . LATIN READER.

rit, ab inermis pedibus auxilium petere, in maxumo
metu nudum et caecum corpus ad hostis vortere."
Deinde Volucem, quoniam hostilia faceret, Jovem
maxumum obtestatus ut sceleris atque perfidiae Boc-
chi. testis adesset, castris abire jubet. Ille lacru-
mans orare, *ne ea crederet: nihil dolo factum,
magis calliditate Jugurthae, cui videlicet speculanti
iter suum cognitum esset; ceterüm quoniam neque
ingentem multitudinem haberet, et spes opesque
ejus ex patre suo penderent, credere illum nihil pa-
làm ausurum, cüm ipse filius testis adesset: quare
optumum factu videri, per media ejus castra palàm
transire ; sese vel praemissis vel ibidem relictis Mau-
ris, solum cum Sullà iturum." Ea res, uti in tali ne-
gotio, probata, ac statim profecti : quia de improviso
acciderant, dubio atque hzaesitante Jugurthà, inco-
lumes transeunt. Deinde paucis diebus quó ire
intenderant perventum est.
. Ibi cum Boccho Numida quidam, Aspar nomine,
multüm et familiariter agebat; praemissus ab Jugur-
thà, postquam Sullam accitum audierat, orator et
subdolé speculatum Bocchi consilia: prattereà Da-
bar, quem Bocchus, fidum esse Romanis multis anteà
tempestatibus expertus, illicó ad Sullam nuntiatum
mittit, "paratum sese facere quee populus Romanus
vellet: colloquio diem, locum, tempus ipse delige-
ret; consulta sese omnia cum illo integra habere;
neu Jugurthaz legatum pertimesceret; . . . quo res
communis licentius gereretur; nam ab insidiis ejus
aliter caveri nequivisse." Sed ego comperior Boc-
chum, magis Punicà ^de quàm ob ea qua praedica-
bat, simul Romanos et Numidam spe pacis adtinu-
isse, multümque cum animo suo volvere solitum, Ju-.-

SALLUST. 133

gurtham Romanis, an illi Sullam traderet: lubidi-
nem advorsüm nos, metum pro nobis suasisse. . . .

Rex postero die Asparem, Jugurthe legatum,
adpellat, dicitque : * sibi per Dabarem ex Sullà co-
gnitum, posse conditionibus bellum componi: quam
ob rem regis sui sententiam exquireret." Ille lz-
tus in castra Jugurthae proficiscitur: deinde ab illo
cuncta edoctus, properato itinere, post diem octavum
redit ad. Bocchum, et ei denunciat, " Jugurtham
cupere omnia quae imperarentur facere; sed Mario
parum fidere; sepe anteà cum imperatoribus Ro-
manis pacem conventam frustrà fuisse. QCeterüm
Bocchus si ambobus consultum et ratam pacem vel-
let, daret operam ut unà ab omnibus, quasi de pace,
in colloquium veniretur, ibique sibi Sullam traderet:
cüm talem virum in potestatem habuisset, tum fore
uti jussu senatüás aut populi Romani fcedus fieret:
neque hominem nobilem, non suà ignavià, sed ob
rempublicam, in hostium potestate relictum iri."

Hac Maurus, secum ipse diu volvens, tandem
promisit: ceterüm dolo an veré cunctatus, parüm
comperimus. Sed plerümque regizc voluntates, ut
vehementes, sic mobiles, sepe ipse sibi advorsae.
Posteà, tempore et loco constituto, in colloquium uti
de pace veniretur, Bocchus Sullam modó, modo Ju-
gurthe legatum adpellare, benigné habere, idem
ambobus polliceri.

Illi pariter lzeti ac spei bonze pleni esse. Sed nocte
eà quae proxuma fuit ante diem colloquio decretum,
Maurus, adhibitis amicis, ac statim immutatà volun-
tate, remotis ceteris, dicitur secum ipse multüm
agitavisse, corpore pariter atque animo varius, quz
scilicet tacente ipso occulta pectoris patefecisse.

134 LATIN READER.

Tamen postremó Sullam accersi jubet, et ex illius
sententià Numidae insidias tendit. Deinde, ubi dies
advenit, et ei nuntiatum est Jugurtham haud procul
abesse, cum paucis amicis et quaestore nostro, quasi
obvius honoris caussá, procedit in tumulum facillu-
mum visu insidiantibus. .Eódem Numida cum ple-
risque necessariis suis, inermis, ut dictum erat,
accedit; ac statim, signo dato, undique simul ex in-
sidiis invaditur. Ceteri obtruncati ; Jugurtha Sulle
vinctus traditur, et ab eo ad Marium deductus est.

Per idem tempus advorsüm Gallos ab ducibus
nostris Q. Capione et Cn. Manlio malé pugnatum :
quo metu Italia omnis contremuit. Illimque usque
ad nostram memoriam Romani sic habuére, alia om-
nia virtuti suze prona esse: cum Gallis pro salute
non pro glorià certari. Sed postquam bellum in
Numidià confectum, et Jugurtham vinctum Romam
adduci nuntiatum est, Marius consul absens factus
est, et ei decreta provincia Gallia: isque kalendis
jJanuariis magnáà glorià consul triumphavit. Et eà
tempestate spes atque opes civitatis in illo sitae.

I. Ze Story of Phaéthon.

[Metamorphoses. Book II. verses 1-362.]

Regia Solis erat sublimibus alta columnis,
Clara micante auro, flammasque imitante pyropo:
Cujus ebur nitidum fastigia summa tenebat :
Argenti bifores radiabant lumine valvz.
Materiem superabat opus ; nam Mulciber illic
ZEquora czlárat, medias cingentia terras,
Terrarumque orbem, czlumque, quod imminet orbi.
Ceruleos habet unda deos; Tritona canorum,
Proteaque ambiguum, balenarumque prementem
ZEgzona suis immania terga lacertis,
Doridaque, et natas: quarum pars nare videntur,
Pars in mole sedens virides siccare capillos ;
Pisce vehi quzdedam: facies non omnibus una,
Nec diversa tamen, qualem decet esse sororum.
Terra viros, urbesque gerit, silvasque, ferasque,
Fluminaque, et nymphas, et cetera numina ruris.
Hec super imposita est celi fulgentis imago:
Signaque sex foribus dextris, totidemque sinistris.
Quo simul acclivo Clymeneia limite proles
Venit, et intravit dubitati tecta parentis ;
Protinus ad patrios sua fert vestigia vultus:
Consistitque procul: neque enim propiora ferebat
Lumina. Purpureá velátus veste sedebat |
In solio Phobus, claris lucente smaragdis.
A dextrá, l2: váque Dies, et Mensis, et Annus,

IO

I5

20

25

136 LATIN READER.

S:zculaque, et positz spatiis zeequalibus Hore:

Verque novum stabat, cinctum florente coroná:

Stabat nuda ZEstas, et spicea serta gerebat.

Stabat et Auctumnus, calcatis sordidus uvis,

Et glacialis Hiemps, canos hirsuta capillos. E
Inde loco medius, rerum novitate paventem

Sol oculis juvenem, quibus adspicit omnia, vidit.

* Quaque viz tibi causa? Quid hác," ait, * arce petisti,

Progenies, Phaéthon, haud infitianda parenti ?"

Ille refert: ** O lux immensi publica mundi, 35

Phoebe pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum,

Pignora da, genitor; per quz tua vera propago

Credar, et hunc animis errorem detrahe nostris."
Dixerat. At genitor circum caput omne micantes

Deposuit radios; propiüsque accedere jussit: . 40

Amplexuque dato, * Nec tu meus esse negari

Dignus es; et Clymene veros," ait, * edidit ortus.

Quóque minüs dubites, quodvis pete munus ; et illud,

Me tribuente, feres: promissi testis adesto

Dis juranda palus, oculis incognita nostris." 45

Vix bene desierat: currus petit ille paternos,

Inque diem alipedum jus et moderamen equorum.
Peenituit jurásse patrem. — Qui terque quaterque

Concutiens illustre caput, ** ''emeraria," dixit,

* Vox mea facta tuá est. Utinam promissa liceret 50

Non dare! Confiteor solum hoc tibi, nate, negarem.

Dissuadere licet. Non est tua tuta voluntas.

Magna petis, Phaéthon, et quz nec viribus istis

Munera conveniant, nec tam puerilibus annis.

Sors tua mortalis: non est mortale quod optas. 55

Plus etiam, quàm quod superis contingere fas sit,

Nescius affectas. Placeat sibi quisque licebit ;

Non tamen ignifero quisquam consistere in axe

Me valet excepto. Vasti quoque rector Olympi,

Qui fera terribili jaculatur fulmina dextrá, 60

Non agat hos currus: et quid Jove majus habemus?

OVID.

Ardua prima via est, et quà vix mané recentes
Enitantur equi: medio est altissima celo,

Unde mare et terras ipsi mihi szepe videre

Fit timor, et pavidá trepidat formidine pectus:
Ultima prona via est, et eget moderamine certo.
Tunc etiam, qua me subjectis excipit undis,

Ne ferar in praeceps, Tethys, solet ipsa vereri.
Adde, quód adsiduá rapitur vertigine caelum ;
Sideraque alta trahit, celerique volumine torquet.
Nitor in adversum : nec me, qui cetera, vincit
Impetus; et rapido contrarius evehor orbi.

Finge datos currus. Quid ages? poterisne rotatis
Obvius ire polis, ne te citus auferat axis?

Forsitan et lucos illic, orbesque, domosque
Concipias animo: delubraque ditia donis

Esse. Per insidias iter est, formasque ferarum.
Utque viam teneas, nulloque errore traharis,

Per tamen adversi gradieris cornua Tauri,
Hemoniosque arcus, violentique ora Leonis,
S«evaque circuitu curvantem brachia longo
Scorpion, atque aliter curvantem brachia Cancrum.
Nec tibi quadrupedes animosos ignibus illis,

Quos in pectore habent, quos ore et naribus efllant,
In promptu regere est. Vix me patiuntur, ut acres
Incaluére animi; cervixque repugnat habenis.

At tu, funesti ne sim tibi muneris auctor,

Nate, cave: dum resque sinit, tua corrige vota.
Scilicet, ut nostro genitum te sanguine credas,
Pignora certa petis. Do pignora certa timendo:
Et patrio pater esse metu probor. .Adspice vultus
Ecce meos: utinamque oculos in pectora posses
Inserere, et patrias intus deprendere curas!

Denique, quidquid habet dives, circumspice, mundus:

Eque tot ac tantis cbeli, terraeque, marisque
Posce bonis aliquid: nullam patiere repulsam.
Deprecor hoc unum ; quód vero nomine pena,

137

65

7o

/5

80

85

9o

95

138 LATIN READER.

Non honor est. Ponam, Phaéthon, pro munere, poscis.
Quid mea colla tenes blandis, ignare, lacertis?
Ne dubita, dabitur (Stygias juravimus undas) 100
Quodcumque optáris: sed tu sapientiüs opta."

Finierat monitus. Dictis tamen ille repugnat:
Propositumque premit; flagratque cupidine curr(s.
Ergo, quá licuit genitor cunctatus, ad altos
Deducit juvenem, Vulcania munera, currus. IOS
Aureus axis erat, temo aureus, aurea summz
Curvatura rote ; radiorum argenteus ordo. -

Per juga chrysolithi, positeque ex ordine gemmze,

Clara repercusso redebant lumina Phobo.

Dumque ea magnanimus Phaéthon miratur, opusque 110
Perspicit: ecce vigil nitido patefecit ab ortu

Purpureas Aurora fores, et plena rosarum

Atria. Diffugiunt stelle : quarum agmina cogit

Lucifer, et celi statione novissimus exit.

At pater ut terras, mundumque rubescere vidit, II5

Cornuaque extremz velut evanescere Lunz ;

Jungere equos Titan velocibus imperat Horis.

jussa dez celeres peragunt: ignemque vomentes,
Aumbrosize succo saturos, praesepibus altis

Quadrupedes ducunt; adduntque sonantia frzena. 120

Tum pater ora sui sacro medicamine nati
Contigit; et rapidz fecit patientia flammae.
Imposuitque comz radios: przsagaque luctüs
Pectore sollicito repetens suspiria, dixit :

** Si potes hic saltem monitis parere parentis, 125
Parce, puer, stimulis; et fortius utere loris.

Sponte suá properant : labor est inhibere volentes.!
Nec tibi directos placeat via quinque per arcus.
Sectus in obliquum est lato curvamine limes;
Zonarumque trium contentus fine: polumque 1230
Effugito australem, junctamque aquilonibus Arcton.'

Hác sit iter: manifesta rote vestigia cernes.

Utque ferant z::squos et czelum et terra calores,

-

OVID. I39

Nec preme, nec summum molire per zethera currum.
Altiüs egressus coelestia tecta cremabis ; 135
Inferius terras: medio tutissimus ibis.
Neu te dexterior tortum declinet in Anguem,
Neve sinisterior pressam rota ducat ad Aram:
Inter utrumque tene. Fortunae cztera mando ;
^. Qua juvet, et meliüs, quàm tu tibi, consulat, opto. ^ 140

Dum loquor, Hesperio positas in litore metas
Humida nox tetigit. Non est mora libera nobis:
Poscimur. Effulget tenebris Aurora fugatis.
Corripe lora manu: vel, si mutabile pectus
Est tibi, consiliis, non curribus, utere nostris : I45
Dum potes, et solidis etiam nunc sedibus adstas ;
Dumque malé optatos nondum premis inscius axes.
Quae tutus spectes, sine me dare lumina terris."

Occupat ille levem juvenili corpore currum:
Statque super ; manibusque datas contingere habenas 150

. Gaudet ; et invito grates agit inde parenti.

Intereà volucres Pyroéis, Eóus, et ZEthon,
Solis equi, quartusque Phlegon, hinnitibus auras
.Flammiferis implerit, pedibusque repagula pulsant.
Quz postquam Tethys, fatorum ignara nepotis, I55
Reppulit, et facta est immensi copia mundi ;
Corripuére viam, pedibusque per aéra motis
Obstantes scindunt nebulas, pénnisque levati
Praetereunt ortos isdem de partibus Euros.
Sed leve pondus erat; nec quod cognoscere possent 160
Solis equi: solitáque jugum gravitate carebat.
Utque labant curvz justo sine pondere naves,
Perque mare, instabiles nimi levitate, feruntur ;
Sic onere insueto vacuos dat in ara saltus,
Succutiturque alte, similisque est currus inani. 165
Quod simul ac sensére ; ruurit, tritumque relinquunt
Quadrijugi spatium : nec, quo priiis, ordine currunt.
Ipse pavet; nec quá commissas flectat habenas,
Nec scit, quá sit iter: nec, si sciat, imperet illis.

140 LATIN READER.

Tum primüm radiis gelidi caluére Triones,
Et vetito frustrà tentárunt zequore tingi.
Quaeque polo posita est glaciali proxima Serpens,
Frigore pigra priüs, nec formidabilis ulli,
Incaluit: sumpsitque novas fervoribus iras.
Te quoque turbatum memorant fugisse, Boóte ;
Quamvis tardus eras, et te tua plaustra tenebant.
Ut veró summo despexit ab zthere terras
Infelix Phaéthon, penitüs penitüsque jacentes ;
Palluit, et subito genua intremuére timore :
suntque oculis tenebre per tantum lumen obortz.
Et jam mallet equos numquam tetigisse paternos:
Jam cognósse genus piget, et valuisse rogando:
Jam Meropis dici cupiens ; ita fertur, ut acta
Pracipiti pinus Boreá, cui victa remisit
Frazna suus rector, quam dis votisque reliquit.
Quid faciat? multum czeli post terga relictum:
Ante oculos plus est. Animo metitur utrumque.
Et modo, quos illi fatum contingere non est,
Prospicit occasus: interdum respicit ortus.
Quidque agat ignarus, stupet: et nec frena remittit,
Nec retinere valet: nec nomina novit equorum.
Sparsa quoque in vario passim miracula czlo,
Vastarumque videt trepidus simulacra ferarum.
Est locus, in geminos ubi brachia concavat arcus
Scorpios; et caudá flexisque utrinque lacertis
Porrigit in spatium signorum membra duorum.
Hunc puer ut nigri madidum sudore veneni
Vulnera curvatá minitantem cuspide vidit ;
Mentis inops, gelidá formidine lora remisit.
Quz postquam summum tetigére jacentia tergum,
Exspatiantur equi: nulloque inhibente per auras
Ignote regionis eunt; quáque impetus egit,
Hác sine lege ruunt: altoque sub zethere fixis
Incursant stellis, rapiuntque per avia currum.
Et modó summa petunt, modo per decliva, viasque

170

175

1SOo

190

T9s

200

205

OVID. I41

Przcipites spatio terree propiore feruntur.

Inferiüsque suis fraternos currere Luna

Admiratur equos: ambustaque nubila fumant.
Corripitur flammis, ut quzeque altissima, tellus ;

Fissaque agit rimas, et succis aret ademptis. 210
Pabula canescunt: cum frondibus uritur arbos:
Materiamque suo przbet seges arida damno.

Parva queror. Magne pereunt cum moenibus urbes:
Cumque suis totas populis incendia gentes

In cinerem vertunt. Silva: cum montibus ardent. .. 215
Nec prosunt Scythia; sua frigora : Caucasus ardet,
Ossaque cum Pindo, majorque ambobus Olympus:
Aérizque Alpes, et nubifer Apenninus.

Tunc vero Phaéthon cunctis e partibus orbem
Adspicit accensum : nec tantos sustinet zstus : 220
Ferventesque auras, velut e fornace profundá,

Ore trahit, currusque suos candescere sentit. .

Et neque jam cineres ejectatamque favillam

Ferre potest: calidoque involitur undique fumo.

Quoque eat, aut ubi sit, piceá caligine téctus . 225
Nescit; et arbitrio volucrum raptatur equorum.

Sanguine tum credunt in corpora summa vocato,

ZEthiopum populos nigrum traxisse colorem.

'Tum facta est Libye, raptis humoribus zstu,

Arida; tunc Nymphe passis fontesque lacusque 230
Deflevére comis. Quzrit Boeotia Dircen,

Argos Amymonen, Ephyre Pirenidas undas.

Nec sortita loco distantes flumina ripas

Tuta manent: mediis Tanais fumavit in undis: . .
ZEstuat Alpheos: ripe Spercheides ardent : 235
Quodque suo Tagus amne vehit, fluit ignibus, aurum :
Et, que Mzonias celebrárant carmine ripas,

Fluminez volucres medio caluére Caystro.

Nilus in extremum fugit perterritus orbem,

Occuluitque caput, quod adhuc latet. Ostia septem 240
Pulverulenta vacant, septem sine flumine valles. . . .

142 LATIN READER.

Dissilit omne solum ; penetratque in Tartara rimis
Lumen, et infernum terret cum conjuge Regem.
Et mare contrahitur: sicceque est campus areng,
Quod modo pontus erat; quosque altum texerat zquor,
Exsistunt montes, et sparsas Cycladas augent.
Ima petunt pisces: nec se super zequora curvi
Tollere consuetas audent delphines in auras:
Corpora phocarum summo resupina profundo :
Exanimata jacent: ipsum quoque Nerea fama est, — 250
Doridaque, et natas, tepidis latuisse sub antris.
Ter Neptunus aquis cum torvo brachia vultu
Exserere ausus erat: ter non tulit aéris zestus.

Alma tamen Tellus, ut erat circumdata ponto,
Inter aquas pelagi, contractos undique fontes, 255
Qui se condiderant in opacz viscera matris ;
Sustulit omniferos collo tenus arida vultus:
Opposuitque manum fronti: magnoque tremore
Omnia concutiens paullüm subsedit; et infrà,
Quàm solet esse, fuit: siccáque ita voce locuta est: 260
** Si placet hoc, meruique, quid O tua fulmina cessant,
summe deüm? Liceat periturz viribus ignis,
Igne perire tuo; clademque auctore levare.
Vix equidem fauces hzc ipsa in verba resolvo,"
(Presserat ora vapor,) * tostos en adspice crines, 265
Inque oculis tantum, tantum super ora favilla.
Hosne mihi fructus, hunc fertilitatis honorem
Officiiquo refers ; quód adunci vulnera aratri,
Rastrorumque fero, totoque exerceor anno?
Quod pecori frondes, alimentaque mitia, fruges, 270
Humano generi, vobis quód thura ministro?
Sed tamen exitium fac me meruisse: quid undz,
Quid meruit frater? Cur illi tradita sorte
ZEquora decrescunt, et ab z;there longiüs absunt?
Quód si nec fratris, nec te mea gratia tangit ; 275
At czeli miserere tui. Circumspice utrumque ;
Fumat uterque polus: quos si violaverit ignis,

OVID.

Atria vestra ruent. Atlas en ipse laborat:

Vixque suis humeris candentem sustinet axem.

Si freta, si terra» pereunt, si regia czeli,

In chaos antiquum confundimur. Eripe flammis,
Si quid adhuc superest: et rerum consule summae."
Dixerat hzc Tellus: neque enim tolerare vaporem
Ulteriüs potuit, nec dicere plura: suumque

Rettulit os in se, propioraque Manibus antra.

At pater omnipotens superos testatus, et ipsum,
Qui dederat curfus, nisi opem ferat, omnia fato
Interitura gravi; summam petit arduus arcem ;
Unde solet nubes latis inducere terris :

Unde movet tonitrus, vibrataque fulmina jactat.
Sed neque, quas posset terris inducere, nubes
Tunc habuit: nec, quos czlo dimitteret, imbres.
Intonat: et dextrá libratum fulmen ab aure
Misit in aurigam : pariterque animáque rotisque
Expulit, et szevis compescuit ignibus ignes.
Consternantur equi : et saltu in contraria facto
Colla jugo eripiunt, abruptaque lora relinquunt.
Illic frena jacent, illic temone revulsus

Axis; in hác radii fractarum parte rotarum ;
Sparsaque sunt laté laceri vestigia currüs.

At Phaéthon, rutilos flammá populante capillos,
Volvitur in preceps, longoque per aéra tractu
Fertur; ut interdum de czlo stella sereno,

Etsi non cecidit, potuit cecidisse videri.
Quem procul a patriá diverso maximus orbe
Excipit Eridanus, spumantiaque abluit ora.
Naides Hesperiz trifidà fumantia flammá

Corpora dant tumulo, signantque hoc carmine saxum
HIC SITVS EST PHAETHON, CVRRVS AVRIGA PATERNI:

143.

280

285

290

295

300

305

QVEM SI NON TENVIT, MAGNIS TAMEN EXCIDIT AVSIS.

Nam pater obductos, luctu miserabilis zegro, |.
Condiderat vultus: et, si modó credimus, unum
Isse diem sine sole ferunt. Incendia lumen

144 LATIN READER.

Prabebant; aliquisque malo fuit usus in illo.
At Clymene, postquam dixit quaecunque fuerunt 315
In tantis dicenda malis, lugubris et amens,
Et laniata sinus, totum percensuit orbem :
Exanimesque artus primó, mox ossa requirens,
Repperit ossa tamen peregrinà condita ripàá.
Incubuitque loco: nomenque in marmore lectum 320
Perfudit lacrymis, et aperto pectore fovit.

Nec minüs Heliades fletus et (inania morti
Munera) dant lacrymas: et czesz pectorá palmis
Non auditurum miseras Phaéthonta querelas
Nocte diequa vocant: adsternunturque sepulcro. 325
Luna quater junctis implérat cornibus orbem :
Ille more suo (nam morem fecerat usus)
Plangorem dederant. E quis Phaéthusa, sororum
Maxima, cüm vellet terre procumbere, questa est
Diriguisse pedes: ad quam conata venire 330
Candida Lampetie, subitá radice retenta est.
Tertia, cüm crinem manibus laniare pararet,
Avellit frondes. Hec stipite crura teneri,
Illa dolet fieri longos sua brachia ramos.
Quid faciat mater? nisi, quó trahat impetus illam, 335
Huc eat, atque illuc? et, dum licet, oscula jungat!
Non satis est. Truncis avellere corpora tentat ;
Et teneros manibus ramos abrumpere: at inde
Sanguinez manant, tamquam de vulnere, guttz.
* Parce, precor, mater," quacunque est saucia, clamat: 340
* Parce, precor: nostrum laceratur in arbore corpus.
jamque vale." Cortex in verba novissima venit.
Inde fluunt lacrima: stillataque sole rigescunt
De ramis electra novis: qua lucidus amnis
Excipit, et, nuribus mittit gestanda Latinis. 345

&
b.
d

2. The Mouth of March.

OVID. I45

[Fasti, Book III.]

BELLICE, depositis clipeo paulisper et hastá,
Mars, ades, et nitidas casside solve comas.
Forsitan ipse roges, quid sit cum Marte poete?
A te, qui canitur, nomina mensis habet.
Ipse vides manibus peragi fera bella Minervz. 5
Num minus ingenuis artibus illa vacat?
Palladis exemplo ponendzx tempora sume
Cuspidis: invenies et quod inermis agas.

TÀe Year of Romulus. |

Martia ter senos proles adoleverat annos,
Et suberat flavae iam nova barba comae. IO
Omnibus agricolis armentorumque magistris
Iliade fratres jura petita dabant.
Sepe domum veniunt praedonum sanguine lzti,
Et redigunt actos in sua rura boves.
Ut genus audierunt, animos pater editus auget, 15
Et pudet in paucis nomen habere casis :
Romuleoque cadit trajectus Amulius ense,
Regnaque longzvo restituuntur avo.
Moenia conduntur; quz quamvis parva fuerunt,
Non tamen expediit transsiluisse Remo. 20
Jam modo quá fuerant silvze pecorumque recessus,
Urbs erat, z:eternze cüm pater Urbis ait:
* Arbiter armorum, de cujus sanguine natus
Credor, et ut credar, pignora multa dabo,
A te principium Romano dicimus anno: 25
Primus de patrio nomine mensis erit."
Vox rata fit, patrioque vocat de nomine mensem.
Dicitur haec pietas grata fuisse deo.
IO

146 LATIN READER.

Et tamen ante omnes Martem coluére priores.
Hoc dederat studiis bellica turba suis.

Mars Latio venerandus erat, quia praesidet armis.
Arma fere genti remque decusque dabant. . .

Nec totidem veteres, quot nunc, habuére Kalendas.
Ile minor geminis mensibus annus erat.

. Nondum tradiderat victas victoribus artes
Grzcia, facundum, sed malé forte genus.

Qui bene pugnabat, Romanam noverat artem:
Mittere qui poterat pila, disertus erat. ..

Libera currebant et inobservata per annum
Sidera: constabat sed tamen esse deos.

Non illi celo labentia signa tenebant,
Sed sua, quz magnum perdere crimen erat.

Illa quidem fceeno ; sed erat reverentia foeno
Quantam nunc aquilas cernis habere tuas.

Pertica suspensos portabat longa maniplos,
Unde maniplaris nominá miles habet.

Ergo animi indociles et adhuc ratione carentes
Mensibus egerunt lustra minora decem.

Annus erat, decimum cum luna receperat orbem.
Hic numerus magno tunc in honore fuit.

JÀhe Year of Numa.

Primus, oliviferis Romam deductus ab arvis,
Pompilius menses sensit abesse duos:

Sive hoc a Samio doctus, qui posse renasci
Nos putat, Egeriá sive monente suá.

Sed tamen errabant etiam tunc tempora, donec
Cesaris in multis hec quoque cura fuit.

Non hzc ille deus tanteque propaginis auctor
Credidit officiis esse minora suis,

Promissumque sibi voluit prenoscere czelum,
Nec deus ignotas hospes inire domos.

Ille moras solis, quibus in sua signa rediret,
Traditur exactis disposuisse notis.

3o

35

40

45

5o

55

60

OVID.

Is decies senos tercentum et quinque diebus
junxit, et e pleno tempora quarta die.

Hic anni modus est: in lustrum accedere debet,
Quz consummatur partibus, una dies.

TAe SSabzne Wézves.

* Si licet occultos monitus audire deorum
Vatibus, ut certe fama licere putat,

Cum sis officiis, Gradive, virilibus aptus,
Dic mihi, matronz cur tua festa colant."

Sic ego: sic positá dixit mihi casside Mavors,
Sed tamen in dextrá missilis hasta fuit:

* Nunc primum studiis pacis, deus utilis armis,
Advocor, et gressus in nova castra fero.

Nec piget incepti: juvat hac quoque parte morari,

Hoc solam ne se posse Minerva putet.
Disce, Latinorum vates operose dierum,
Quod petis, et memori pectore dicta nota.
Parva fuit, si prima velis elementa referre,
Roma; sed in parvá spes tamen hujus erat.
Mania jam stabant, populis ángusta futuris,
Credita sed turbz tunc nimis ampla suz.
Quae fuerit nostri, si quaeris, regia nati,
Aspice de canná straminibusque domum.
In stipulá placidi carpebat munera somni,
Et tamen ex illo venit in astra toro.
Jamque loco majus nomen Romanus habebat:
Nec conjunx illi, nec socer ullus erat.
Spernebant generos inopes vicinia dives :
Et malé credebar sanguinis auctor ego.
In stabulis habitásse et oves pavisse nocebat,
Jugeraque inculti pauca tenere soli.
Extremis dantur connubia gentibus; at quae
Romano vellet nubere, nulla fuit.

147

65

7o

/5

85

148 LATIN READER.

Indolui, patriamque dedi tibi, Romule, mentem. 95
* Tolle preces,' dixi: * quod petis arma dabunt.
Festa parat Conso — Consus tibi cetera dicet, -
Illo facta die dum sua sacra canes.
Intumuére Cures, et quos dolor attigit idem :
Tum primüm generis intulit arma socer : 100
" Jamque fere raptee matrum quoque nomen habebant,
Tractaque erant longá bella propinqua morá.
Conveniunt nuptz dictam Junonis in zedem,
Quas inter mea sic est nurus orsa loqui :-
* O pariter raptze, — quoniam hoc commune tenemus, —
Non ultrà lente possumus esse pize.
Stant acies: sed utrá di sint pro parte rogandi,
Eligite: hinc conjunx, hinc pater arma tenet.
Quzerendum est, viduz fieri malimus, an orbz.
Consilium vobis fore piumque dabo. IIO
Consilium dederat. Parent, crinesque resolvunt,
Mszestaque funereá corpora veste tegunt.
Jam steterant acies ferro mortique parate,
Jam lituus pugnz signa daturus erat:
Cum raptz veniunt inter patresque virosque, IIS
Inque sinu natos, pignora cara, tenent.
Ut medium campi scissis tetigére capillis,
In terram posito procubuére genu :
Et quasi sentirent, blando clamore nepotes -
Tendebant ad avos bracchia parva suos. 120
Qui poterat, clamabat avum, tunc denique visum ;
Et qui vix poterat, posse coactus erat.
Tela viris animique cadunt; gladiisque remotis
Dant soceri generis accipiuntque manus,
Laudatasque tenent natas, scutoque nepotem I25
Fert avus: hic scuti dulcior usus erat.
Inde diem, qua prima, meas celebrare Kalendas
CEbaliz: matres non leve munus habent.

. OVID.

Faunus and Pzcas.

Quis mihi nunc dicet, quare czlestia Martis
Arma ferant Salii, Mamuriumque canant?

Nympha, mone nemori stagnoque operata Dianae,
Nympha, Num conjunx, ad tua facta veni.

Vallis Aricinz silvá przecinctus opacá
Est lacus, antiquá relligione sacer.

Hic latet Hippolytus furiis direptus equorum ;
Unde nemus nullis illud aditur equis.

Licia dependent, longas velantia szepes,
Et posita est meritze multa tabella dez.

Szpe potens voti, frontem redimita coronis,
Femina lucentes portat ab Urbe faces.

Regna tenent fortes manibus, pedibusque fugaces,
Et perit exemplo postmodo quisque suo.

Defluit incerto lapidosus murmure rivus:
Szpe, sed exiguis haustibus inde bibi.

Egeria est, quz praebet aquas, dea grata Camenis.
Illa Numz conjunx consiliumque fuit.

Principio nimiüm promptos ad bella Quiritis

. Molliri placuit jure deümque metu :

Inde date leges, ne firmior omnia posset ;
Coeptaque sunt purée tradita sacra coli.

Exuitur feritas armisque potentius aequum est,
Et cum cive pudet conseruisse manus.

Atque aliquis, modo trux, visá jam vertitur ará,
Vinaque dat tepidis salsaque farra focis.

Ecce deüm genitor rutilas per nubila flammas
Spargit, et effusis zethera siccat aquis. -

Non aliàs missi cecidére frequentiüs ignes.
Rex pavet, et volgi pectora terror habet.

Cui dea ** Ne nimiüm terrere! piabile fulmen
Est" ait ** et szevi flectitur ira Jovis.

Sed poterunt ritum Picus Faunusque piandi
'Tradere, Romani numen utrumque soli.

149

130

135

140

145

150

155

160

I5O LATIN READER.

Nec sine vi tradent: adhibeto vincula captis : "
Atque ita, quá possint, erudit, arte capi.

Lucus Aventino suberat niger ilicis umbrá,
Quo posses viso dicere /Vzzzez zmest!

In medio gramen, muscoque adoperta virenti
Manabat saxo vena perennis aquze.

Inde feré soli Faunus Picusque bibebant.
Huc venit, et fonti rex Numa mactat ovem :

Plenaque odorati disponit pocula Bacchi,
Cumque suis antro conditus ipse latet.

Ad solitos veniunt silvestria numina fontes,
Et relevant multo pectora sicca mero.

Vina quies sequitur: gelido Numa prodit ab antro,

Vinclaque sopitas addit in arcta manus.

Somnus ut abscessit, pugnando vincula temptant

Rumpere: pugnantes fortiüs illa tenent.

Tunc Numa: * Di nemorum, factis ignoscite nostris,

Si scelus ingenio scitis abesse meo,
Quoque modo possit fulmen, monstrate, piari."
Sic Numa. Sic quatiens cornua Faunus ait:

* Magna petis, nec quz monitu tibi discere nostro

Fas sit: habent fines numina nostra suos.
Di sumus agrestes, et qui dominemur in altis
Montibus: arbitrium est. in sua tela Jovi.
Hunc tu non poteris per te deducere calo :
At poteris nostrá forsitan usus ope."
Dixerat haec Faunus; par est sententia Pici.
* Deme tamen nobis vincula," Picus ait:
** Juppiter huc veniet, validá perductus ab arte.
Nubila promissi Styx mihi testis erit."
Emissi laqueis quid agant, quz carmina dicant,
Quáque trahant superis sedibus arte Jovem,
Scire nefas homini. Nobis concessa canentur,
Quzeque pio dici vatis ab ore licet.
Eliciunt czelo te, Juppiter: unde minores

Nunc quoque te celebrant, Eliciumque vocant.

170

175

180

185

190

195

OVID. I5I

Constat Aventinz tremuisse cacumina silvae,
Terraque subsedit pondere pressa Jovis. 200
Corda micant regis, totoque e pectore sanguis
Fugit, et hirsute deriguére comae.
Ut rediit animus, ** Da certa piamina" dixit
* Fulminis, altorum rexque paterque deüm,
Si tua contigimus manibus donaria puris : 205
Hoc quoque, quod petitur, si pia lingua rogat."
Annuit oranti ; sed verum ambage remotá
Abdidit, et dubio terruit ore virum.
* Caede caput" dixit: cui rex * Parebimus" inquit ;
** Czedenda est hortis eruta cepa meis." 210
Addidit hic ** Hominis: ** Summos" ait ille ** capillos."
Postulat hic animam : cui Numa * piscis " ait. |
Risit; et * His" inquit ** facito mea tela procures,
— O vir colloquio non abigende deüm.
Sed tibi, protulerit cum totum crastinus orbem 215
Cynthius, imperii pignora certa dabo."
Dixit, et ingenti tonitru super ethera motum
Fertur, adorantem destituitque Numam.
Ille redit letus, memoratque Quiritibus acta :
Tarda venit dictis difficilisque fides. 220
« At certe credemur," ait, *si verba sequetur
Exitus; en audi crastina, quisquis ades:
Protulerit terris cum totum Cynthius orbem,
Juppiter imperii pignora certa dabit."
Discedunt dubii promissaque tarda videntur ; 225
Dependetque fides a veniente die.

TÀe Sacred S deld.

Mollis erat tellus roratáà mane pruiná ;
Ante sui populus limina regis adest.
Prodit, et in solio medius consedit acerno.:
Innumeri circà stantque silentque viri. 2230
Ortus erat summo tantummodo margine Phoebus:
Sollicit& mentes speque metuque pavent.

152 LATIN READER.

Constitit, atque caput niveo velatus amictu
Jam bene dis notas sustulit ille manus ;

Atque ita, ** Tempus adest promissi muneris," inquit :
** Pollicitam dictis, Juppiter, adde fidem."

Dum loquitur, totum jam sol emoverat orbem,
Et gravis zthereo venit ab axe fragor.

Ter tonuit sine nübe deus, tria fulgura misit.
Credite dicenti: mira, sed acta, loquor.

A mediá calum regione dehiscere ccpit :
Submisére oculos cum duce turba suo.

Ecce levi scutum versatum leniter aurá
Decidit: a populo clamor ad astra venit.

Tollit humo munus czsá priüs ille juvencá,
Qu:e dederat nulli colla premenda jugo,

Atque ancile vocat, quód ab omni parte recisum est;
Quaque notes oculis, angulus omnis abest.

Tum, memor imperii sortem consistere in illo,
Consilium multe calliditatis init.

Plura jubet fieri simili czlata figurá,
Error ut ante oculos insidiantis eat.

Mamurius, morum fabrane exactior artis,
Difficile est, illud, dicere, clausit opus.

Cui Numa munificus * Facti pete praemia " dixit:
* Si mea nota fides, irrita nulla petes."

Jam dederat Saliis a saltu nomina dicta,
Armaque et ad certos verba canenda modos.
Tum sic Mamurius: ** Merces mihi gloria detur,
Nominaque extremo carmine nostra sonent."

Inde sacerdotes operi promissa vetusto
Praemia persolvunt, Mamuriumque vocant.

JAhe Infant Suprter.

Una nota est Marti Nonis, sacrata quód illis
Templa putant lucos Vejovis ante duos.
Romulus ut saxo lucum circumdedit alto,
* Quilibet huc" inquit * confuge, tutus eris."

235

240

245

250

260

265

OVID.

O quam de tenui Romanus origine crevit:
Turba vetus quam non invidiosa fuit!
Ne tamen ignaro novitas tibi nominis obstet,
Disce, quis iste deus, curve vocetur ita.
Juppiter est juvenis, — juvenalis aspice voltus :
Aspice deinde, manu fulmina nulla tenet.
Fulmina post ausos celum adfectare gigantas
Sumpta Jovi: primo tempore inermis erat.
Ignibus Ossa novis et Pelion altius Ossá
Arsit, et in solidá fixus Olympus humo.

Stat quoque capra simul ; nymphz pavisse feruntur

Cretides; infanti lac dedit illa Jovi.
Nunc vocor ad nomen: veerazd:a farra colonze
Qu: malé creverunt, vescazque parva vocant.
Vis ea si verbi est, cur non ego Vejovis aedem
ZEdem non magni suspicer esse Jovis?

Dacchus and Arzadze.

Jamque, ubi ceruleum variabunt sidera calum,
Suspice: Gorgonei colla videbis equi.

Creditur hic czssze gravidá cervice Medusz
Sanguine respersis prosiluisse jubis.

: Huic supra nubes et subter sidera lapso
Caelum pro terrá, pro pede pinna fuit.

Jamque indignanti nova frena receperat ore,
Cum levis Aonias ungula fodit aquas.

Nunc fruitur czlo, quod pinnis ante petebat,
Et nitidus stellis quinque decemque micat.

Protinus aspicies venienti nocte Coronam
Gnosida: Theseo crimine facta dea est.

Jam bene perjuro mutárat conjuge Bacchum,
Quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro.

Sorte tori gaudens * Quid flebam rustica?" dixit:
** Utiliter nobis perfidus ille fuit."

Intereà Liber depexos crinibus Indos
Vicit, et eoo dives ab orbe redit.

153

270

275

280

285

290

295

300

154 LATIN READER.

Inter captivas facie prestante puellas
Grata nimis Baccho filia regis erat.

Flebat amans conjunx, spatiataque litore curvo
Edidit incultis talia verba comis:

* En iterum, fluctus, similes audite querellas !
En iterum lacrimas accipe, arena, meas!

Dicebam, memini, 2ezyzre e£ perfide TÀeseu!
Ille abiit; eadem crimina Bacchus habet.

Nunc quoque zz//a vzro clamabo femzza credat !
Nomine mutato causa relata mea est:

O-utinam mea sors, quá primum coeperat, íssit,
Jamque ego prasenti tempore nulla forem !

Quid me desertis perituram, Liber, arenis
Servabas? potui dedoluisse semel.

Bacche levis, leviorque tuis, qua tempora cingunt,
Frondibus, in lacrimas cognite Bacche meas,

Heu ubi pacta fides? ubi, qua jurare solebas?
Me miseram, quotiens hzc ego verba loquar?

Thesea culpabas, fallacemque ipse vocabas :
Judicio peccas turpiüs ipse tuo.

Ne sciat hoc quisquam, tacitisque doloribus urar,
Ne totiens falli digna fuisse puter.

Illa ego sum, cui tu solitus promittere czelum.
Ei mihi, pro czlo qualia dona fero !

Dixerat: audibat jamdudum verba querentis
Liber, ut a tergo forte secutus erat.

Occupat amplexu, lacrimasque per oscula siccat,
Et ** Pariter celi summa petamus" ait.

**'Tu mihi juncta toro mihi juncta vocabula sumes:

Nam tibi mutate Libera nomen erit.
Sintque tuzv tecum faciam monumenta coronz,
Volcanus Veneri quam dedit, illa tibi."

Dicta facit, gemmasque novem transformat in ignes.

Aurea per stellas nunc micat illa novem.

305

310

315

320

330

OVID.

Anna Perenaua.

Idibus est Annz festum geniale Perennz,
Haud procul a ripis, advena Thybri, tuis.

Plebs venit, ac virides passim disjecta per herbas
Potat, et accumbit cum pare quisque suá.

Sub Jove pars durat; pauci tentoria ponunt ;
Sunt quibus e ramis frondea facta casa est ;

Pars ubi pro rigidis calamos statuére columnis,
Desuper extentas imposuére togas..

Sole tamen vinoque calent, annosque precantur,
Quot sumant cyathos, ad numerumque bibunt.

Invenies illic, qui Nestoris ebibat annos,
Quae sit per calices facta Sibylla suos.

Illic et cantant, quicquid didicére theatris,
Et jactant faciles ad sua verba manus:

Et ducunt posito duras cratere choreas,
Cultaque diffusis saltat amica comis.

Cum redeunt, titubant, et sunt spectacula digi
Et fortunatos obvia turba vocat.

Occurri nuper: visa est mihi digna relatu
Pompa; senem potum pota trahebat anus.

Quz tamen hzc dea sit, quoniam rumoribus errat,

Fabula proposito nulla tacenda meo.
Arserat ZEnez Dido miserabilis igne,
Arserat exstructis in sua fata rogis :

Compositusque cinis, tumulique in marmore carmen

Hoc breve, quod moriens ipsa reliquit, erat:
PRAEBUIT JENEAS ET CAUSAM MORTIS ET ENSEM :

IPSA SUA DIDO CONCIDIT USA MANU.

Protinus invadunt Numidz sine vindice regnum,
. . Et potitur captá Maurus Iarba domo.

155

Ham

340

345

350

355

360

Seque memor spretum, ** Thalamis tamen" ignit « Elissze

En ego, quem totiens reppulit illa, fruor."

Diffugiunt Tyrii, quo quemque agit error, ut olim

Amisso dubiz rege vagantur apes.

156 LATIN READER.

Tertia nudandas acceperat area messes,
Inque cavos ierant tertia musta lacus:

Pellitur Anna domo, lacrimansque sororia linquit

Moenia; germanz justa dat ante suz.
Mixta bibunt molles lacrimis unguenta favillz,
Vertice libatas accipiuntque comas.
Terque Va/e! dixit, cineres ter ad ora relatos
Pressit, et est illis visa subesse soror.

Nancta ratem comitesque fugz, pede labitur equo,

Moenia respiciens, dulce sororis opus.
Fertilis est Melite sterili vicina Cosyree

Insula, quam Libyci verberat unda freti.
Hanc petit, hospitio regis confisa vetusto :

Hospes opum dives rex ibi Battus erat.
Qui postquam didicit casus utriusque sororis,

* Hzc" inquit ** tellus quantulacumque tua est."

Et tamen hospitii servásset ad ultima munus !:
Sed timuit magnas Pygmalionis opes.

Signa recensuerat bis sol sua: tertius ibat
Annus, et exilio terra paranda nova est.

Frater adest belloque petit. Rex arma perosus
* Nos sumus imbelles, tu fuge sospes !" ait.

jussa fugit, ventoque ratem committit et undis.
Asperior quovis zequore frater erat.

Est propé piscosos lapidosi Crathidis amnes
Parvus ager: Cameren incola turba vocat.

Illuc cursus erat, nec longiüs afuit inde,
Quam quantum novies mittere funda potest.

. Vela cadunt primo, et dubiá librantur ab aurá:
* Findite remigio" navita dixit * aquas ! "

Dumque parant torto subducere carbasa lino,
Percutitur rapido puppis adunca Noto,

Inque patens zquor, frustrà pugnante magistro,
Fertur, et ex oculis visa refugit humus.

Adsiliunt fluctus, imoque a gurgite pontus
Vertitur, et canas alveus haurit aquas.

370

375

390

385

390

395

400.

OVID. 157

Vincitur ars vento: nec jam moderator habenis 405
Utitur, aut votis his quoque poscit opem.
Jactatur tumidas exsul Phoaenissa per undas,
Humidaque oppositá lumina veste tegit.
Tunc primüm Dido felix est dicta sorori,
Et quacumque aliquam corpore pressit humum. — 410
Figitur ad Laurens ingenti flamine litus
Puppis, et expositis omnibus hausta perit.
Jam pius ZEneas regno natáque Latini
Auctus erat, populos miscueratque duos.
Litore dotali solo comitatus Achate 415
Secretum nudo dum pede carpit iter,
Aspicit errantem, nec credere sustinet Annam
Esse : — Quid in Latios illa veniret agros?
Dum secum ZEneas, ** Anna est!" exclamat Achates.
Ad nomen voltus sustulit illa suos. 420
Quo fügiat? quid agat? quos terrz quserat hiatus?
Ante oculos miserz fata sororis erant.
Sensit, et adloquitur trepidam Cythereius heros ;
Flet tamen admonitu motus, Elissa, tui.
* Anna, per hanc juro, quam quondam audire solebas
Tellurem fato prosperiore dari,
Perque deos comites, hac nuper sede locatos,
Saepe meas illos increpuisse moras.
Nec timui de morte tamen: metus afuit iste.
Ei mihi! credibili fortior illa fuit. 430
Ne refer: aspexi non illo pectore digna
Volnera, Tartareas ausus adire domos.
At tu, seu ratio te nostris appulit oris,
Sive deus, regni commoda carpe mei:
Multa tibi memores, nil non debemus Elissze: 435
Nomine grata tuo, grata sororis, eris."
Talia dicenti — neque enim spes altera restat —
Credidit, errores exposuitque suos.
Utque domum intravit Tyrios induta paratus,
Incipit ZEneas — cetera turba silet — 440

158 LATIN READER.

* Hanc tibi cur tradam, pia causa, Lavinia conjunx,
Est mihi: consumpsi naufragus hujus opes.
Orta Tyro est, regnum Libycá possedit in orá:
Quam precor ut carzv more sororis ames."
Omnia promittit, falsumque Lavinia volnus 445
Mente premit tacitá, dissimulatque fremens.
Donaque cum videat prater sua lumina ferri
Multa palàm, mitti clam quoque multa putat.
Non habet exactum, quid agat: furialiter odit,
Et parat insidias, et cupit ulta mori. | 450
Nox erat: ante torum visa est adstare sororis
Squalenti Dido sanguinolenta comá
Et ** Fuge, ne dubita, maestum, fuge" dicere * tectum."
Sub verbum querulas impulit aura fores.
Exsilit, et velox humili super arva fenestrá 455
Se jacit: audacem fecerat ipse timor.
Quáque metu rapitur, tunicá velata recinctá ,
Currit, ut auditis territa damma lupis.
Corniger hanc cupidis rapuisse Numicius undis
Creditur, et stagnis occuluisse suis. 460.
Sidonis intereà magno clamore per agros
Quzeritur: apparent signa notzeque pedum.
Ventum erat ad ripas: inerant vestigia ripis —
Sustinuit tacitas conscius amnis aquas — .
Ipsa loqui visa est ** Placidi sum nympha Numici: ^ 465
Amne perenne latens Anna Perenna vocor."

Murder of Cesar.

Preteriturus eram gladios in principe fixos,
Cum sic a castis Vesta locuta focis :
*« Ne dubita meminisse! meus fuit ille sacerdos :
Sacrilegz telis me petiére manus. — — 470
Ipsa virum rapui, simulacraque nuda reliqui :
Quze cecidit ferro, Cesaris umbra fuit."
Ille quidem czlo positus Jovis atria vidit,
Et tenet in magno templa dicata foro.

OVID. : 139

At quicumque nefas ausi, prohibente deorum 475
Numine, polluerant pontificale caput,

Morte jacent meritáà. Testes estote Philippi,
Et quorum sparsis ossibus albet humus.

Hoc opus, hac pietas, hzc prima elementa fuerunt.
Caesaris, ulcisci justa per arma patrem. 490

Bacchus and the Honey-cakes.

Tertia post Idus lux est celeberrima Baccho.
Bacche, fave vati, dum tua festa cano.
Sithonas et Scythicos longum est narrare triumphos,
. Et domitas gentes, turifer Inde, tuas.
Tu quoque Thebanz mala prada tacebere matris, — 485
Inque tuum furiis acte, Lycurge, genu.
Ecce libet subitos pisces Tyrrhenaque monstra
Dicere: sed non est carminis hujus opus.
Carminis hujus opus causas expromere, quare
Vilis anus populos ad sua liba vocet. 490
Ante tuos ortus arz sine honore fuerunt,
Liber, et in gelidis herba reperta focis.
Te memorant Gange totoque oriente subacto
Primitias magno seposuisse Jovi.
Cinnama tu primus captivaque tura dedisti, 495
Deque triumphato viscera tosta bove.
Nomine ab auctoris ducunt libamina nomen,
Libaque, quod sacris pars datur inde focis.
Liba deo fiunt, succis quia dulcibus idem
Gaudet, et a Baccho mella reperta ferunt. 500
Ibat arenoso satyris comitatus ab Hebro, —
Non habet ingratos fabula nostra jocos —
Jamque erat ad Rhodopen Pangzaque florida ventum :
ZEriferzee comitum concrepuére manus.
Ecce nova coéunt volucres tinnitibus acte, 505
Quosque movent sonitus zra, sequuntur apes.
Colligit errantes et in arbore claudit inani
Liber, et inventi praemia mellis habet.

160 LATIN READER.

Ut satyri levisque senex tetigére saporem,
Quzerebant flavos per nemus omne favos.
Audit in exesá stridorem examinis ulmo,
Adspicit et ceras dissimulatque senex :
Utque piger pandi tergo residebat aselli,
Applicat hunc ulmo corticibusque cavis.
Constitit ipse super ramoso stipite nixus,
Atque avidé trunco condita mella petit.
Milia crabronum coéunt, et vertice nudo
Spicula defigunt, oraque sima notant.
Ille cadit praeceps, et calce feritur aselli,
Inclamatque suos, auxiliumque rogat.
Concurrunt satyri, turgentiaque ora parentis
Rident: percusso claudicat ille genu.

Ridet et ipse deus, limumque inducere monstrat.

Hic paret monitis, et linit ora luto.
Melle pater fruitur; liboque infusa calenti
Jure repertori candida mella damus.

RAites of Minerva.

Una dies media est, et fiunt sacra Minervz,
Nomina quz junctis quinque diebus habent.
Sanguine prima vacat, nec fas concurrere ferro:

Causa, quod est illà nata Minerva die.
Altera tresque super rasá celebrantur arená:
Ensibus exsertis bellica lzta dea est.
Pallada nunc pueri tenerzeque orate puellae:
Qui bene placárit Pallada, doctus erit.
Pallade placatá lanam mollire puelle
Discant, et plenas exonerare colos.
Illa etiam stantes radio percurrere telas
Erudit, et rarum pectine denset opus.

Hanc cole, qui lzesis maculas de vestibus aufers:
Hanc cole, velleribus quisquis aéna paras.
Nec quisquam invitá faciet bene vincula plante

Pallade, sit Tychio doctior ille licet.

510

515

520

525

530

535

540

OVID.

Et licet antiquo manibus collatus Epeo
[Sit prior, iratàá Pallade mancus erit.

Vos quoque, Phaebeá morbos qui pellitis arte,
Munera de vestris pauca referte dez.

Nec vos, turba feré censu fraudata, magistri,
Spernite: discipulos attrahit illa novos.

Quique moves celum, tabulamque coloribus uris,
Quique facis doctá mollia saxa manu.

Mille dea est operum : certe dea carminis illa est:
Si mereor, studiis adsit amica meis.

Caelius ex alto quá mons descendit in equum,
Hic ubi non plana est, sed prope plana via,

Parva licet videas Capta delubra Minervze,
Quz dea natali cepit habere suo.

Nominis in dubio causa est. Capitale vocamus
Ingenium sollers: ingeniosa dea est.

An quia de capitis fertur sine matre paterni
Vertice cum clipeo prosiluisse suo?

. An quia perdomitis ad nos captiva Faliscis
Venit? et hoc ipsum littera prisca docet.

An quód habet legem, capitis qua pendere panas
Ex illo jubeat furta reperta loco?

A quácumque trahis ratione vocabula, Pallas,
Pro ducibus nostris zgida semper habe !

Ze Goldem Fleece.

Summa dies e quinque tubas lustrare canoras
Admonet, et forti sacrificare dez.

Nunc potes ad solem sublato dicere voltu,
^ Hic here Phrixez vellera pressit ovis."

Seminibus tostis scelerate fraude novercz,
Sustulerat nullas, ut solet, herba comas.

Mittitur ad tripodas, certá qui sorte reportet,
Quam sterili terre Delphicus edat opem.

Hic quoque, corruptus cum semine, nuntiat Helles
Et juvenis Phrixi funera sorte peti.

IÓI

545

550

555

560

565.

570

575

162 LATIN READER.

Utque recüsantem cives et tempus et Ino
Compulerunt regem jussa nefanda pati,
Et soror et Phrixus, velati tempora vittis,
Stant simul ante aras, junctaque fata gemunt. 5980
Aspicit hos, ut forte pependerat zthere, mater,
Et ferit attonitá pectora nuda manu:
Inque draconigenam nimbis comitantibus urbem
Desilit, et natos eripit inde suos.
Utque fugam capiant, aries nitidissimus auro 595
Traditur: ille vehit per freta longa duos.
Dicitur infirmá cornu tenuisse sinistrá
Femina, cüm de se nomina fecit aqua.
Pzne simul periit, dum volt succurrere lapse,
Frater, et extentas porrigit usque manus. 5909
Flebat, ut amissá gemini consorte pericli,
Ceruleo junctam nescius esse deo.
Litoribus tactis aries fit sidus: at hujus
Pervenit in Colchas aurea lana domos.

Tres ubi Luciferos veniens przmiserit Eos, 595
Tempora nocturnis zequa diurna feres.

Inde quater pastor saturos ubi clauserit haedos,
Canuerint herbz rore recente quater,
Janus adorandus, cumque hoc Concordia mitis
Et Romana Salus, araque Pacis erit. 600

Luna regit menses: hujus quoque tempora mensis
Finit Aventino Luna colenda jugo.

VII.

Library

Of Oauf.ro-

VIRKUGLL.

—$—

I. 4ZAe Story of Aristeus.

[Georgics, Book IV. verses 317-558.]

Pasron Aristus, fugiens Peneia Tempe,
Amissis, ut fama, apibus morboque fameque,
Tristis ad extremi sacrum caput adstitit amnis,
Multa querens, atque hac affatus voce parentem :
* Mater, Cyrene mater, quz gurgitis hujus 5
Ima tenes, quid me przclará stirpe deorum —
Si modó, quem perhibes, pater est Thymbrzeus Apollo —
Invisum fatis genuisti? aut quó tibi nostri
Pulsus amor? quid me czlum sperare jubebas?
En etiam hunc ipsum vitz: mortalis honorem, IO
Quem mihi vix frugum et pecudum custodia sollers
Omnia temptanti extuderat, te matre, relinquo.
Quin age, et ipsa manu felices erue silvas ;
Fer stabulis inimicum ignem, atque interfice messes ;
Ure sata, et validam in vites molire bipennem, I5
Tanta mez si te ceperunt tzedia laudis."

At mater sonitum thalamo sub fluminis alti
Sensit. Eam circum Milesia vellera Nympha
Carpebant, hyali saturo fucata colore.

Dum fusis mollia pensa

Devolvunt, iterum maternas impulit aures 20
Luctus Aristzi, vitreisque sedilibus omnes
Obstupuére ; sed ante alias Arethusa sorores
Prospiciens, summá flavum caput extulit undà ;

164 LATIN READER.

Et procul: ** O gemitu non frustrà exterrita tanto,
Cyrene soror, ipse tibi, tua maxima cura,
Tristis Aristeus Penei genitoris ad undam
Stat lacrimans, et te crudelem nomine dicit."
Huic percussa novà mentem formidine mater,
* Duc, age, duc ad nos ; fas illi limina divüm
Tangere," ait. Simul alta jubet discedere late
Flumina, quá juvenis gressus inferret: at illum
Curvata in montis faciem circumstetit unda
Accepitque sinu vasto misitque sub amnem. . .
Postquam est in thalami pendentia pumice tecta
Perventum, et nati fletus cognovit inanes
Cyrene, manibus liquidos dant ordine fontes
Germanz, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis ;
Pars epulis onerant mensas, et plena reponunt
Pocula; Panchzis adolescunt ignibus arz ;
Et mater, ** Cape Mzonii carchesia Bacchi :
Oceano libemus," ait. Simul ipsa precatur

Oceanumque patrem rerum, Nymphasque sorores, |

Centum quae silvas, centum quz flumina servant.
Ter liquido ardentem perfudit nectare Vestam,
Ter flamma ad summum tecti subjecta reluxit.
Omine quo firmans animum, sic incipit ipsa :

* Est in Carpathio Neptuni gurgite vates
Caruleus Proteus, magnum qui piscibus z:quor
Et juncto bipedum curru metitur equorum.

Hic nunc Emathiz portus patriamque revisit
Pallenen: hunc et Nymphz veneramur, et ipse
Grandavus Nereus ; novit namque omnia vates,
Quae sint, quae fuerint, quee mox ventura trahantur :
Quippe ita Neptuno visum est, immania cujus
Armenta et turpes pascit sub gurgite phocas.

Hic tibi, nate, priüs vinclis capiendus, ut omnem
Expediat morbi caussam, eventusque secundet..
Nam sine vi non ulla dabit precepta, neque illum
Orando flectes: vim duram et vincula capto

25

30

Ld

40

45

5o

55

VIRGIL.

Tende; doli circum hzc demum frangentur inanes.
Ipsa ego te, medios cum sol accenderit zestus,

Cum sitiunt herbze, et pecori jam gratior umbra est,
In secreta senis ducam, quó fessus ab undis

Se recipit, facilé ut somno aggrediare jacentem.
Verüm ubi correptum manibus vinclisque tenebis,
Tum variz eludent species atque ora ferarum.

Fiet enim subitó sus horridus, atraque tigris,
Squamosusque draco, et fulvá cervice lezna ;

Aut acrem flamme sonitum dabit, atque ita vinclis
Excidet, aut in aquas tenues dilapsus abibit.

Sed quanto ille magis formas se vertet in omnes,
Tanto, nate, magis contende tenacia vincla,

Donec talis erit mutato corpore, qualem

Videris, incepto tegeret cüim lumina somno.

Hzc ait, et liquidum ambrosiz diffundit odorem,
Quo totum nati corpus perduxit; at illi
Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura,

Atque habilis membris venit vigor.

Est specus ingens.
Exesi latere in montis, quó plurima vento
Cogitur, inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos,
Deprensis olim statio tutissima nautis ;
Intus se vasti Proteus tegit obice saxi.
Hic juvenem in latebris aversum a lumine Nympha
Collocat; ipsa procul nebulis obscura resistit.

Jam rapidus torrens sitientes Sirius Indos
Ardebat caelo, et medium sol igneus orbem
Hauserat; arebant herbe, et cava flumina siccis
Faucibus ad limum radii tepefacta coquebant :
Cum Proteus consueta petens e fluctibus antra
Ibat; eum vasti circum gens humida ponti
Exsultans rorem laté dispergit amarum.

Sternunt se somno diverse in litore phocz ;
Ipse, velut stabuli custos in montibus olim,
Vesper ubi e pastu vitulos ad tecta reducit,

165

60

65

7o

/5

8o

85.

90

95

166 LATIN READER.

Auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni,
Considit scopulo medius, numerumque recenset.

Cujus Aristzo quoniam. est oblata facultas,
Vix defessa seriem passus componere membra,
Cum clamore ruit magno, manicisque jacentem 100
Occupat. Ille suz contrà non immemor artis
Omnia transformat sese in miracula rerum,
Ignemque, horribilemque feram, fluviumque liquentem.
Verüm ubi nulla fugam reperit fallacia, victus
In sese redit, atque hominis tandem ore locutus: 105
* Nam quis te, juvenum confidentissime, nostras
jussit adire domos? quidve hinc petis?" inquit. At ille:
** Scis, Proteu, scis ipse; neque est te fallere quicquam ;
Sed tu desine velle. Deüm precepta secuti
Venimus, hinc lassis quzssitum oracula rebus." IIO
' Tantum effatus. Ad hzc vates vi denique multá
Ardentes oculos intorsit lumine glauco,
Et graviter frendens sic fatis ora resolvit:

* Non te nullius exercent numinis irze.
Magna luis commissa: tibi has miserabilis Orpheus 115
Haudquáquam ob meritum poenas, ni Fata resistant,
Suscitat, et raptá graviter pro conjuge saevit.
Illa quidem, dum te fugeret per flumina przceps,
Immanem ante pedes hydrum moritura puella
Servantem ripas altá non vidit in herbá. 120
At chorus zqualis Dryadum clamore supremos
Implérunt montes; flérunt Rhodopeiz arces,
Altaque Pangea, et Rhesi Mavortia tellus,
Atque Getz, atque Hebrus, et Actias Orithyia.

** Ipse, cavá solans egrum testudine amorem, | ^ 125
Te, dulcis conjux, te solo in litore secum,
Te veniente die, te decedente canebat. ;
'Tz:enarias etiam fauces, alta ostia Ditis,
Et caligantem nigrá formidine lucum
Ingressus, Manesque adiit, Regemque tremendum, — 130
Nesciaque humanis precibus mansuescere corda.

VIRGIL. 167

* At, cantu commotz, Erebi de sedibus imis
Umbra ibant tenues, simulacraque luce carentüm, —
Quàm multa in foliis avium se milia condunt,
Vesper ubi aut hibernus agit de montibus imber, — — 135
Matres atque viri, defunctaque corpora vitá
Magnanimüm heroum, pueri, innupteque puellz,
Impositique rogis juvenes ante ora parentüm ;
Quos circum limus niger et deformis arundo
Cocyti tardáque palus inamabilis undá 140
Alligat, et novies Styx interfusa coercet.:
Quin ipse stupuére domus atque intima Leti
Tartara czeruleosque implexze crinibus angues
Eumenides, tenuitque inhians tria Cerberus ora,
Atque Ixionii vento rota constitit orbis. 145
* Jamque pedem referens casus evaserat omnes,
Redditaque Eurydice superas veniebat ad auras,
Poné sequens, — namque hanc dederat Proserpina legem, —
Cüm subita incautum dementia cepit amantem, |
Ignoscenda quidem, scirent si ignoscere Manes: 150
Restitit, Eurydicenque suam, jam luce sub ipsá,
Immemor, heu! victusque animi, respexit. Ibi omnis
Effusus labor, atque immitis rupta tyranni
Foedera, terque fragor stagnis auditus Avernis.
Illa, * Quis et me, inquit, miseram, et te perdidit, Orpheu?
Quis tantus furor? En iterum crudelia retró
Fata vocant, conditque natantia lumina somnus.
Jamque vale: feror ingenti circumdata nocte,
Invalidasque tibi tendens, heu non tua, palmas !"
Dixit, et ex oculis subito, ceu fumus in auras 160
Commixtus tenues, fugit diversa, neque illum,
Prensantem nequiquam umbras et multa volentem
Dicere, prztereà vidit; nec portitor Orci
Ampliüs objectam passus transire paludem.
* Quid faceret? quó se raptá bis conjuge ferret? 165
Quo fletu Manes, quá Numina voce moveret?
Illa quidem Stygiá nabat jam frigida cymbá.

168 LATIN READER.

Septem illum totos perhibent ex ordine menses

Rupe sub aériá deserti ad Strymonis undam.

Flevisse, et gelidis hzc evolvisse sub antris, 170
Mulcentem tigres et agentem carmine quercus ;

Qualis populeá mzrens Philomela sub umbrá

Amissos queritur fetus, quos durus arator

Observans nido implumes deétraxit; at illa

Flet noctem, ramoque sedens miserabile carmen 175
Integrat, et mzestis late loca questibus implet.

* Nulla Venus, non ulli animum flexére hymenzi :
Solus Hyperboreas glacies Tanaimque nivalem
Arvaque Rhipais numquam viduata pruinis
Lustrabat, raptam Eurydicen atque irrita Ditis 180
Dona querens; sprete Ciconum quo munere matres
Inter sacra deáüm nocturnique orgia Bacchi ,
Discerptum latos juvenem sparsére per agros.

Tum quoque marmoreá caput a cervice revulsum
Gurgite cüm medio portans CEagrius Hebrus 185
Volveret, zrydzcez! vox ipsa et frigida lingua,

AA miseram Eurydicen! animá fugiente vocabat ;
JEurydicen! toto referebant flumine ripae."

Hzc Proteus: et se jactu dedit zequor in. altum,
Quáque dedit, spumantem undam sub vertice torsit. 190
At non Cyrene ; namque ultro adfata timentem :

** Nate, licet tristes animo deponere curas :

Hzc omnis morbi caussa; hinc miserabile Nymphz,
Cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis,

Exitium misére apibus. Tu munera supplex 195
Tende, petens pacem, et faciles venerare Napzas;
Namque dabunt veniam votis, irasque remittent.

Sed, modus orandi qui sit, priüs ordine dicam.

Quattuor eximios przstanti corpore tauros,

Qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lyczei, | 200
Delige, et intactá totidem cervice juvencas.

Quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum

Constitue, et sacrum jugulis demitte cruorem,

VIRGIL.

Corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco.
Post, ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus,
Inferias Orphei Lethzea papavera mittes,
Et nigram mactabis ovem, lucumque revises ;
Placatam Eurydicen vitulà venerabere czsá."
Haud mora: continuó matris przecepta facessit :
Ad delubra venit; monstratas excitat aras ;
Quattuor eximios przstanti corpore tauros
Ducit, et intactá totidem cervice juvencas.
Post, ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus,
Inferias Orphei mittit, lucumque revisit.
Hic veró subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum
Aspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto
Stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis,
Immensasque trahi nubes, jamque arbore summá
Confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis.

2. Tyrus.
[Eclogue I.]

AM. TrrvnE, tu patule recubans sub tegmine fagi
Silvestrem tenui Musam meditaris avená ; |
Nos patriz fines et dulcia linquimus arva :

Nos patriam fugimus ; tu Tityre, lentus in umbrá,
Formosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas.

7. O Meliboe, deus nobis hzc otia fecit :
Namque erit ille mihi semper deus ; illius aram
S:zpe tener nostris ab ovilibus imbuet agnus.

Ille meas errare boves, ut cernis, et ipsum
Ludere, quz vellem, calamo permisit agresti.

205.

210

215

IO

4M. Non equidem invideo ; miror magis: undique totis

Usque adeo turbatur agris. En, ipse capellas

Protinus eger ago; hanc etiam vix, Tityre, duco.
Hic inter densas corylos modó namque gemellos,
Spem gregis, ah! silice in nudá connixa reliquit.

15

170 LATIN READER.

Sepe malum hoc nobis, si mens non lzva fuisset,
De calo tactas memini praedicere quercus ;

Sepe sinistra cavá praedixit ab ilice cornix.

Sed tamen, iste deus qui sit, da, Tityre, nobis.

7. Urbem, quam dicunt Romam, Meliboe, putavi
Stultus ego huic nostra similem, quó sepe solemus
Pastores ovium teneros depellere fetus.

Sic canibus catulos similes, sic matribus hazedos
Nóram, sic parvis componere magna solebam.
Verüm hzc tantum alias inter caput extulit urbes,
Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.

JM. Et que tanta fuit Romam tibi caussa videndi?
J. Libertas; qus sera, tamen respexit inertem,
Candidior postquam tondenti barba cadebat ;
Respexit tamen, et longo post tempore venit,
Postquam nos Amaryllis habet, Galatea reliquit.
Namque, fatebor enim, dum me Galatea tenebat,
Nec spes libertatis erat, nec cura peculi.

Quamvis multa meis exiret victima szeptis,

Pinguis et ingrate premeretur caseus urbi,

Non umquam gravis eere domum mihi dextra redibat.

4M. Mirabar, quid mzesta deos, Amarylli, vocares,
Cui pendere suá patereris in arbore poma :

Tityrus hinc aberat. Ipse te, Tityre, pinus,

Ipse te fontes, ipsa haec arbusta vocabant.

4. Quid facerem? neque servitio me exire licebat,
Nec tam presentes alibi cognoscere divos.

Hic illum vidi juveném, Melibee, quotannis

Bis senos cui nostra dies altaria fumant.

Hic mihi responsum primus dedit ille petenti :

** Pascite, ut ante, boves, pueri; submittite tauros."
AM. Fortunate senex, ergo tua rura manebunt,

Et tibi magna satis, quamvis lapis omnia nudus
Limosoque palus obducat pascua junco!

Non insueta graves temptabunt pabula fetas,

Nec mala vicini pecoris contagia lzdent.

20

25

30

40

45

50

*

VIRGIL.

Fortunate senex, hic inter flumina nota

Et fontes sacros, frigus captabis opacum!

Hinc tibi, quz semper, vicino ab limite, szepes
Hyblzis apibus florem depasta salicti,

Sape levi somnum suadebit inire susurro :

Hinc altá sub rupe canet frondator ad auras ;
Nec tamen intereà rauca, tua cura, palumbes,
Nec gemere aériá cessabit turtur ab ulmo.

Z7. Anté leves ergo pascentur in zthere cervi,

Et freta destituent nudos in litore pisces,

Ante, pererratis amborum finibus, exsul

Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tigrim,
Quam nostro illius labatur pectore vultus.

JM. At nos hinc alii sitientes ibimus Afros,

Pars Scythiam et rapidum Crete veniemus Oaxen,
Et penitus toto divisos orbe Britannos.

En umquam patrios longo post tempore fines,

. Pauperis et tuguri congestum czespite culmen,

Post aliquot, mea regna videns, mirabor aristas?
Impius hzc tam culta novalia miles habebit?
Barbarus has segetes? en quo discordia cives
Produxit miseros! en, quis consevimus agros!
Insere nunc, Melibee, piros, pone ordine vites !
Ite mez, felix quondam pecus, ite, capella !

Non ego vos posthac, viridi projectus in antro,
Dumosá pendere procul de rupe videbo ;

Carmina nulla canam ; non, me pascente, capelle,
Florentem cytisum et salices carpetis amaras.

171

55

65.

7o

45

7. Hic tamen hanc mecum poterasrequiescere noctem

Fronde super viridi: sunt nobis mitia poma,
Castanez molles, et pressi copia lactis ;

Et jam summa procul villarum culmina fumant,
Majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrz.

172 LATIN READER.

3. Pollio.
[Eclogue, IV.]

SicELIDES Muse, paullo majora canamus !
Non omnes arbusta juvant, humilesque myricz ;
Si canimus silvas, silvze sint Consule dignae.

Ultima Cumzei venit jam carminis zetas ;
Magnus ab integro szclorum nascitur ordo.
Jam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna ;
Jam nova progenies celo demittitur alto.

Tu modo nascenti puero, quo ferrea primüm
Desinet, ac toto surget gens aurea mundo,
Casta fave Lucina: tuus jam regnat Apollo.

Teque adeo decus hoc zvi, te Consule, inibit,
Pollio! et incipient magni procedere menses :
Te duce, si qua manent sceleris vestigia nostri,
Irrita perpetuá solvent formidine terras.

Ille deüm vitam accipiet divosque videbit
Permixtos heroas et ipse videbitur illis,
Pacatumque reget patriis virtutibus orbem.

At tibi prima, puer, nullo munuscula cultu
Errantes hederas passim cum bacchare Tellus,
Mixtaque ridenti colocasia fundet acantho.
Ipse lacte domum referent distenta capellae
Ubera, nec magnos metuent armenta leones.
Ipsa tibi blandos fundent cunabula flores.
Occidet et serpens, et fallax herba veneni
Occidet; Assyrium vulgó nascetur amomum.

At simul heroum laudes et facta parentis
Jam legere, et quz sit poteris cognoscere virtus,
Molli paullatim flavescet campus aristá,
Incultisque rubens pendebit sentibus uva,

Et durz quercus sudabunt roscida mella.
Pauca tamen suberunt prisca vestigia fraudis,

IO

I5

20

25

3o

VIRGIL. 173

Quz temptare Thetim ratibus, quz cingere muris

Oppida, qua jubeant telluri infindere sulcos.

Alter erit tum Tiphys, et altera que vehat Argo

Delectos heroas; erunt etiam altera bella, 4e

Atque iterum ad Trojam magnus mittetur Achilles.
Hinc, ubi jam firmata virum te fecerit zetas,

Cedet et ipse mari vector, nec nautica pinus

Mutabit merces: omnis feret omnia tellus.

: Non rastros patietur humus, non vinea falcem ; 40

Robustus quoque jam tauris juga solvet arator ;

Nec varios discet mentiri lana colores:

Ipse sed in pratis aries jam suave rubenti

Murice, jam croceo mutabit vellera luto ;

Sponte suá sandyx pascentes vestiet agnos. 45

Talia secla, suis dixerunt, czzzfe! fusis
Concordes stabili fatorum numine Parca.

Aggredere O magnos — aderit jam tempus — honores,
Cara deüm suboles, magnum Jovis incrementum !
Adspice convexo nutantem pondere mundum, 50
Terrasque tractusque maris czelumque profundum :
Adspice, venturo lztantur ut omnia szeclo !

O: mihi tam long: maneat pars ultima vitz,

Spiritus et, quantum sat erit tua dicere facta !

Non me carminibus vincet nec Thracius Orpheus, 55
Nec Linus, huic mater quamvis atque huic pater adsit,
Orphei Calliopea, Lino formosus Apollo.

Pan etiam Arcadiá mecum si judice certet,

Pan etiam, Arcadiá dicat se judice victum.

Incipe, parve puer, risu cognoscere matrem! 60
Matri longa decem tulerunt fastidia menses ;

Incipe, parve puer: cui non risére parentes,
Nec deus hunc mensá, dea nec dignata cubili est.

ut

VIII.

PLAUTUS.

—

Mercury in Disguise.
[Amphitruo, Act I. Scene 1.]

Sos1A, servant of Amphitruo ; MERCURY, dZsguzsed as Sosia.

SS. Ibo, ut, herus quod ímperavit, Alcumenz nüntiem.

Sét quis hic est homó, quem ante zedis vídeo hoc noctis?
nón placet.

JM. Nüllu'st hoc metículosus aÉqué. — ,S. Quom recógito,

Illic homo hoc meum dénuo volt pállium detéxere.

AM. 'Tímet homo: deládam ego illum. — .S. Périi! dentes
prüriunt.

Cérté advenientem híc me hospitio pügneo acceptürus est.

Crédo misericórs est: nunc proptérea quód me méus
herus

Fécit ut vigilárem, hic pugnis fáciet hodie ut dórmiam.

Oppido interii: óbsecro herclé quántus et quàm válidus
est !

AM. Cláré advorsum fábulabor: Híc auscultet quz loquar.

Igitur demum mágis majorem in sése concipiét metum.

Agite, pugni: jám diu'st quom véntri victum nón datis:

Jám pridem vidétur factum, herf quod homines quáttuor

In soporem cónlocástis nádos. — .$. Formidó male

Né ego hic nomen méum conmutem, et Quínctus fiam e
Sósiàá. :

Quáttuor virós sopori sé dedisse hic aátumat;

Métuo ne numerum aügeam illum. — 77. Hem! nünc
jam ergo: síc volo.

SS. Cíngitur, certé éxpedit se.— 27. Nón feret quin
vápulet.

S. Quís homo? — 7. Quisquis homo hüc profecto véne-
rit, pugnós edet. |

PLAUTUS. 175

SS. Apage, non placét me hoc noctis esse: cenaví modo:

Próin tu istam cenám largire, sí sapis, essuriéntibus.

JM. Haü malum huic est póndus pugno.— S. Périi!
pugnos pónderat.

JM. Quíd, si ego illum tráctim tangam ut dórmiat? —
S. Serváveris : |

Nám continuas hás tris noctis pérvigilavi péssume.

JM. Fácimus: nequít ferire malám malé discít manus.

Aliá formá opórtet esse quém tu pugnis fceris.

S. Illic homo me intérpolabit, méumque os finget dénuo.

JM. Exossatum os ésse oportet, quém probé percüsseris.

S. Mírum ni hic me quási murzenam éxossare cógitat.

Ultro istunc qui exóssat homines. Périi, si me aspéxerit.

A. Olet homo quidám malo suo. —.$. Heí mihi, num-
nam ego óbolui?

JM. Atque hau longé abésse oportet: vérum longé hinc
ábfuit. |

S. Illic homo supérstitiosu'st. — 77. Géstiunt pugní mihi.

S. Si ín me exercitüru's, queso in párietem ut primüm
domes.

JM. Vóx mi ad auris ádvolavit. — S. Nas» ego homo infe-
líx fui,

Quí non alas íntervelli: vólucrem vocem géstito.

JM. Illic homo a me síbi malam rem arcéssit jumentó suo.

S. Nón equidem ullum habeó jumentum. — JZ. Oner-
andu'st pugnís probé.

SS. Lássus sum herclé e návi, ut vectus hüc sum: etiam

. .nunc naüseo:

Víx incedo inánis; ne ire pósse cum onere exístumes.

JM. Cérteé enim hic nescío quis loquitur. — ,S$. Sálvos
sum, non mé videt.

JVésczo quem loqui aátumat: mihi cértó nomen Sósia est.

JAM. Hínc enim dextrà míhi vox auris, üt videtis vér-
berat.

S. Métuo vocis né vicem hodie hic yápelem, qua hunc
vérberat.

176 LATIN READER.

JM. Optumé eccum incédit ad me. — S. TTímeo: totus
tórpeo.

Nón edepol nunc übi terrarum sím scio, si quís roget:

Néque miser me cónmovere póssum prz formídine.

Ilicet: mandáta heri periérunt, uná et Sósia.

Vérum certum'st cónfidenter hánc hominem contrà ádlo-
qui,

Qui possim vidéri huic fortis, á me ut abstineát manum.

JM. Quó ambulas tu, quí Volcanum in córnu conclusám
geris? |

S. Quíd id exquiris tá, qui pugnis ós exossas hóminibus?

JM. Sérvosne es an líber? —.S. Utquomque ánimo con-
lubitüm'st meo. 2

4M. Ain tu vero? —.S. Aio enimvero.— J4. Vérbero.
—.S. Mentíre nunc.

JM. At jam faciam ut vérum dicas dícere.— .$. Quid

eó'st opus?

JM. Póssum scire quó profectus, quóius sis, aut quid
véneris ?

SS. Hüc eo: mei herí sum servos. Nümquid nunc es
cértior?

AM. Ego tibi istam hodié scelestam cónprimam linguam.
—.S. Haü potes:

Bene pudicéque ádservatur. — 77. Pérgin' argutárier?

Quíd aput hasce zdís tibi negóti'st? — S. Immo quíd
tibi'st?

AM. Rex Creo vigilés nocturnos síngulos sempér locat.

S. Béne facit: quia nós eramus péregri, tutatü'st domi :

At nunc abi sané, ádvenisse fámiliaris dícito. |

JM. Néscio quàm tu fámiliaris sís: nisi actutum hínc
abis,

Fámiliaris áccipiere fáxo hau familiáriter.

SS. Hic, inquam, habito ego, átque horunc sum sérvos. —
4M. At scin quómodo?

Fáciam ego hodie té superbum, ni hínc abis. — .$. Quo-
nám modo?

PLAUTUS. - 177

JM. Aüferere, non aoibis, sí ego fustem sámpsero.

S. Quín me esse hujus fámiliai fámiliarem praedico.

JM. Wíde sis, quam mox vápulare vís, nisi actutum hínc
abis !

S. 'Tün' domo prohibére. peregré. me ádvenientem pó-
stulas?

JM. H»ccine tua domü'st? —.S. Ita, inquam. — 27. Quís

- herus est igitür tibi !

S. Amphitruo, qui nánc Thebanis przefectu'st legiónibus ;

Quicum nupta'st Alcumena. — 77. Quíd ais? quid nomén
tibi'st?

,S. Sósiam vocánt Thebani, Dávo prognatüm patre.

JM. Ns tu istic hodié malo tuo cónpositis mendáciis

Advenisti, audáciai cólumen, consutís dolis.

S. Immo equidem tunicís consutis híc advenio, nón
dolis.

AM. At mentiris étiam: certo pédibus, non tunicís venis.

S. Ita profecto. — 77. Nünc profecto vápula ob mendá-
cium.

S. INón edepol voló profecto. — 77. At pól profectó in-
grátiis.

Hóc quidem profécto certum'st, nón est arbitrárium.

S. Tüam fidem obsecró!— 77. Tun' te audes Sósiam
esse dícere,

Qui égo sum? —.S. Perii!— JZ. At parum etiam, przut
futurum'st, prazedicas.

Quóius nunc es? —.S. "Tüus: nam pugnis üsu fecistí tuum.

Pró fidem, Thebáni cives | — 27. Etiam clamas, cárnufex ?
Lóquere, quid venísti? —.S$. Ut esset, quém tu pugnis
cazederes.

JAM. Quóius es?—.S$. Amphitruónis, inquam, Sósia. —
JM. Ergo istóc magis,
Quía vaniloquu's, vápulabis: égo sum, non tu, Sósia..
SS. Ita di faciant, át tu potiüs sís, atque ego te ut vérberem.
JM. Etiam muttis? — .S. Jám tacebo. — JZ. Quís tibi
heru'st? —.S. Quem tü voles.
12

178 LATIN READER.

JM. Quíd igitur? qui nünc vocare? —.S. Némo; nisi
quem jüsseris.

JM. Amphitruonis te ésse aiebas Sósiam. —.S. Peccá-
veram : |

Nám illut AzzpAziruónzs sociuz me ésse volui dícere.

JM. Scíbam equidem nullum ésse nobis, nísi me, servom
Sósiam.

Fügit ratio té. — .S. Utinam istuc pügni fecissént tui !

JM. Ego sum Sosia flle, quem tu düdum esse aiebás mihi.

S... Obsecro ut per pácem liceat te ádloqui, ut ne vápulem.

JM. Immo induti& parumper ffíant, si quid vís loqui.

,S. Nón loquar nisi páce factá, quándo pugnis plis vales.

JM. Díc, siquid vis: nón nocebo. — S. Tüz fide credó?

— M. Mez.
S. Quíd, si falles? — 77. Tám Mercurius. Sósiz iratüs
siet.

SS. Animum advorte: nünc licet mi líberé quidvís loqui.

Amphitruonis égo sum servos Sósia. — 17. Etiam dénuo?

S. Pácem feci, feedus feci, véra dico. — 77. Vápula.

S. Ut lubet, quod tíbi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis plis
vales.

Vérum, utut factáru's, hoc quidem hérclé haud reticebó
tamen.

AM. 'Táü me vivos hódie numquam fácies, quin sim Sósia.

S. Cérté edepol, tu me álienabis námquam, quin nostér
siem :

Néc nobis prztér me quisquam'st álius servos Sósia.

AM. Híc homo sanus nón est. — S. Quod mihi prédicas
vitium, íd tibi'st.

Quíd, malum! non süm ego servos Amphitruonis Sósia?

Nónne hac noctu nóstra navis hüc ex portu Pérsico

Vénit, quze me advéxit? nonne me hic herus misít meus?

Nónne ego nunc sto ante z:dis nostras? nón míst laterna
ín manu? |

Nón loquor? non vígilo? non hic hómo me pugnis cón-
tudit?

PLAUTUS. 17 9

Fécit herclé ; nám mi misero étiam nunc male dolent.

Quíd igitur ego dübito? aut quor non íntro eo in nostrám
domum?

AM. Quíd, domum vostram? —.S. Íta enimvero. — AM.
Quín quz dixistí modo,

Omnia ementítu's: equidem sum Amphitruonis Sósia.

Nám noctu hac solüta'st navis nóstra e portu Pérsico:

Et ubi Pterela réx regnavit, óppidum expugnávimus ;

Et legiones Téleboarum ví pugnando cépimus,

Etipsus Amphitruo óbtruncavit regem Pterelam in proelio.

S. Egomet mihi non érédo; quom illec aütumare illum
addio:

Híc quidem certe, quz ílo sunt res géste, memor át
mémoriter.

Sét quid ais? quid Amphitruoni dóno a Telebofs datum'st?

JM. Ptérela rex qui pótitare sólitus est, patera aürea.

S. Elocutu'st Ubi ea patera nünc est?— JM. Est in
cístulá |

Amphitruonis óbsignata sígno. —.;S. Signi díc quid est?

JM. Cüm quadrigis Sól exoriens. Quíd me captas, cár-
nufex ?

jS. Argumentis vícit: aliud nómen quaerendüm'st mihi.

Néscio unde hzc híc spectavit. Jám ego hunc decipiám
probé:

Nám quod egomet sólus feci, néc quisquam alius ádfuit,

In tabernaclo, íd quidem hodie námquam poterit dícere.

Sí tu Sosiá's, legiones quóm pugnabant máxume,

Quíd in tabernacló fecisti ? — víctus sum, si díxeris.

JAM. Cáduserat vini: índe implevi hírneam. — S. Ingres-

' — gü'st viam.

JM. Eam ego vini, ut mátre natum füerat, eduxí meri.

S.. Mífra sunt, nisi látuit intus íllic in illac hírneá :

Fáctum'st illut, át ego illic vini hírneam ebiberím meri.

M. Quíd? nunc vincone árgumentis, té non esse Sósiam?

jS. 'Tü negas med ésse? — 77. Quid ego ní negem, qui

egomét siem?

190 LATIN READER.

S. Pér Jovem juró med esse: néque me falsum dícere.

M. At ego per Mercürium juro, tíbi Jovem non crédere :

Nam ínjurato scío plus credet míhi, quam jurató tibi.

SS. Quís ego sum saltém, si non sum Sósia? te intérrogo.

4M. Ubi ego Sosia ésse nolim, tu ésto sane Sósia.

Nünc quando ego sum, vápulabis, ni hínc abis, ignóbilis.

S. Cérté edepol, quom illüm. contemplo, et fórmam co-
gnoscó meam,

Quemádmodum ego sum (sépe in Specuin inspéxi)
nimis similf'st mei.

Itidem habet petasum, ác vestitum: tám consimilis st
átque ego.

Süra, pes, statüra, tonsus, óculi, nasum, vél labra,

Málz, mentum, bárba, collus — tótus! quid verbís opu'st?

SÍ tergum cicátricosum, níhil hoc simili'st símilius.

Sét quom cogito, équidem certo idém sum qui sempér fui.

Nóvi herum: novi édis nostras: sáné sapio et séntio.

Nón ego illi obtémpero quod lóquitur; pultabó foris.

JM. Quó agis te? —.S. Domüm. — 77. Quadrigas sí nunc
inscendás Jovis,

Atque hinc fugias, íta vix poteris écfugere infortüánium.

SS. Nón here mez nüntiare, quód herus meus jussít, licet?

JM. 'Tüs si quid vis nántiare: hanc nóstram adire nón
sinam.

Nám si me inritássis, hodie lámbifragium hinc aüferes.

jS. Abeo potius: Di ínmortales, óbsecro vostrám fidem !:

Ubi ego perii? ubi ínmutatus sum? übi ego formam
pérdidi ?

An egomet me illíc reliqui, sí forte oblitüs fui?

Nam híc quidem omnem imáginem meam, quae ántehac
fuerat, póssidet.

Vívo fit, quod námquam quisquam mórtuo faciét mihi.

Ibo ad portum, atque hac uti sunt fácta, hero dicám meo.

Nísi etiam is quoque me ígnorabit; quód ille faxit Jüp-
piter,

Uti ego hodie, ráso capite, cálvos capiam píleum.

IX.

TERENCE.

—

The Self- Tormentor.

[Heaut., Act I. Scene I.]

MENEDEMUS, the Self- Tormentor ; CHREMES, az elderly Friend.

Quanquam hzc inter nos nuper notitia ád modumv'st,
Inde ádeo quod agrum in próximo hic mercátus es,
Nec reí feré sane ámplius quicquám fuit :

'Tamén vel virtus táa me, vel vicínitas,

Quod ego in propinquá parte amicitize puto,
Facit, át te audacter móneam et familiáriter:

Quód míhi videre praeter zetatém tuam

Facere, ét prater quàm rés te adhortatür tua.
Nam, próh Deüm atque hominüm fidem! quid vís tibi?
Quid quáéris? annos séxaginta nátus es,

Aut plüs, ut conjicio: ágrum in his regiónibus
Meliórem, neque preti majoris, némo habet:
Servós non plures: proínde quasi nemó siet,

Ita táte attente illórum officia füngere.

Numquám tam mane egrédior, neque tam vésperi
Domiüm revortor, quín te in fundo cónspicer
Fodere, aüt arare, aut áliquid ferre dénique:
Nullüm remittis témpus, neque te réspicis.

Hec nón voluptati tíbi ésse, satis certó scio :

At ením, me, quantum hic óperis fiat, poenitet.
Quod in ópere faciundo óperz consumfís tuz,

Si sámas in illis éxercendis, plis agas.

M. Chremé, tantumne ab ré tuá est oti tibi,
Aliéna ut cures, éa quz nihil ad te áttinent?

182 LATIN READER.

C. Homó sum: humani níhil a me alienám puto.

Vel mé monere hoc, vél percontarí puta :

Rectüm'st? ego ut faciam: nón est? te ut detérream.

JM. Mihi síc est usus: tíbi ut opu'st facto, face.

C. An quoíquam est usus hómini, se ut cruciét? — 77.
Mihi.

C. Si quíd laboris nóllem: sed quid istüc mali est?

Quzesó quid de te tántum meruisti ? — 77. Otei!

C. Ne lácruma, atque istuc, quícquid e fac me üt
sciam.

Ne rétice: ne verére: crede, inquám, mihi,

Aut cónsolando, aut cónsilio, aut re, jüvero.

AM. Scire hóc vis? — C. Hac quidem caüsá, quá dixí tibi.

AM. Dicétur. — C. At istos rástros intereà tamen

Appóne,

JM. Sine mé, vacivom témpus ne quod dém mihi

Labóris. — C. Non sinam, ínquam. — 77. Ah, non zequóm
facis.

C. Hui, tám graves hos, queso? — 77. Sic meritüm'st
meum.

C. Nunc lóquere. — 77. Filium ünicum adulescéntulum

Habeo : áh, quid dixi? habére me? immo habuf, Chreme :

Nunc hábeam necne, incértum'st. — C. Quid ita istác? —
AM. Scies.

Est é Corintho hic ádvena anus paupércula :

Ejus filiam ille amáre coepit vírginem,

Propé jam tit pro uxore habéret: ha:c clam me ómnia.

Ubi rém rescivi, coepi non humánitüs,

Neque ut ánimum decuit zgrotum adulescéntuli

Tractáre; sed vi, et vià pervolgatá patrum.

Quotídie accusábam : * Hem! tibine hzec díutius

Licére speras fácere, me vivó patre,

Amícam ut habeas própe jam in uxorís loco?

Errás, si id credis, ét me ignoras, Clínia.

Ego té meum esse díci tantispér volo,

Dum, quód te dignum'st, fácies: sed si id nón facis,

TERENCE. 183

Ego, quód me in te sit fácere dignum, invénero.
Nullá ádeó ex re istuc fít, nisi nimio ex ótio:
Ego istüc setatis nón amori operám dabam ;
Sed in Asiam hinc abii própter pauperiem, átque ibi
Simül rem et gloriam ármis belli répperi."
Postrémó adeo res rédiit: adulescéntulus

— Ssepe éadem, et graviter aüdiendo, víctus est :
Putávit me et ztáte et benivoléntiá
Plus scíre, et providére, quàm seipsüm sibi.
In Asiam ad regem mílitatum abiít, Chreme.
C. Quid aís? — M. Clam me est proféctus; menses trís

abest.

—7C. Ambo áccusandi: etsi íllud inceptüm tamen
Animi ést pudentis sígnum, et non instrénui.
AM. Ubi cómperi ex iis, quí fuére ei cónscii,
Domüm revortor mzstus, atque animó fere
Contürbato, atque incérto prz zgritüdine
Adsído: adcurrunt sérvi: soccos détrahunt:
Inde álii festináre, lectos stérnere,
Cenam ápparare: pró se quisque séduló
Faciébant, quo illam mí lenirent míseriam.
Ubi vídeo hzc, copi cógitare: hem! tót meá
Solíus solliciti sínt causá, ut me unum éxpleant?
Ancílle tot me véstiant? sumptüs domi
Tantós ego solus fáciam? sed gnatum ünicum,
Quem páriter uti his décuit, aut etiam ámpliüs—
Quod illa &tas magis ad hácc utenda idónea est —
Eum ego hínc ejeci míserum injustitià meá :
Maló quidem me dígnum quovis députem,
Si id fáciam. Nam usque dum fílle vitam illám colet
Inopém, carens patriáà ób meas injürias,
Intéreà usque illi dé me suppliciüm dabo,
Labórans, quzrens, párcens, illi sérviens.
Ita fácio prorsüs: níl relinquo in zedibus,
Nec vás, nec vestiméntum: conrasi ómnia.
Ancíllas, servos, nísi eos, qui opere rüstico

*

184 LATIN READER.

Faciündo facilé sámptum exercerént suum, -

Omnés produxi ac véndidi: inscripsi íllico

ZEdés mercede: quási talenta ad quíndecim

Coégi: agrum hunc mercátus sum: hic me exérceo.
Decrévi, tantispér me minus injüáriz,

Chremé, meo gnato fácere, dum fiám miser ;

Nec fás esse ullà mé voluptate híc frui,

Nisi ubi flle huc salvus rédierit meus párticeps.

C. Ingénio te esse in líberos lení puto,

Et illum óbsequentem, sí quis recté aut cómmodé
Tractáret. Verum néque illum tu satis nóveras,
Nec te flle: hoc ubi fit, fbi non veré vívitur.

Tu illám numquam ostendísti quanti pénderes,

Nec tíbi ille'st credere aüsus quz est z:equóm patri.
Quod si ésset factum, hz:c námquam evenissént tibi.
AM. Ita rés est, fateor: péccatum a me máxumunvst.
C. Menedéme, at porro récté spero: et illám tibi
Salvum ádfuturum esse híc confido própediem.

JM. Utinam íta Di faxint. — C. Fácient. Nunc, si cóm-

modum,
Dionysia hic sunt, hódie apud me sís volo.

JM. Non póssum.— C. Cur non? quzso, tandem ali-

quantulum
Tibi párce: idem absens fácere te hoc volt filius.
4M. Non cónvenit, qui illum ád laborem impéllerim,
Nunc mefpsum fugere. — C. Síccine est senténtia?

JM. Sic.— C. Béne vale. — 27. Et tu. — C. Lácrumas

excussft mihi,
Miserétque me ejus: séd, ut diei témpus est,
Monére oportet me hünc vicinum Phániam,
Ad cénum ut veniat: íbo, visam sí domi est.
Nihil ópus fuit monitóre: jamdudüm domi
Presto apüd me esse aiunt: égomet convivás moror.

X.

CICERO.

——

I. Cicero's Exile and Return.

Per idem tempus, P. Clodius, homo nobilis, diser-
tus, audax, qui neque dicendi neque faciendi ullum
nisi quem vellet nósset modum, malorum proposito-
rum executor acerrimus, — cüm graves inimicitias
cum M. Cicerone exerceret, (quid enim inter tam
dissimiles amicum esse poterat?) eta patribus ad
plebem transisset, — legem in tribunatu tulit: .Quz
civem fomanum indemnatum interemisset, ei aquád
et teni interdiceretur. Cujus verbis etsi non nomi-
nabatur Cicero, tamen solus petebatur: ita vir opti-
mé meritus de Republicà conservat patrize pretium,
calamitatem exilii tulit. Non caruerunt suspiciones
oppressi Ciceronis Caesar et Pompeius : hoc sibi con-
traxisse videbatur Cicero, quód inter xx viros divi-
dendo agro Campano esse noluisset. Idem intra
biennium, será Pompeii curá, verüm, ut coepit, in-
tentá, votisque Italie, ac decretis Senatüs, virtute
atque actione Annii Milonis, tribuni plebis, dignitati
patri&que restitutus est: neque, post Numidici ex-
ilium aut reditum, quisquam aut expulsus invidiosiüs,
aut receptus est laetiüs; cujus domus, quàm infeste
a Clodio disjecta erat, tam speciosé a Senatu res-
tituta est. — Vxrr. PATERc. H. R. II. 45.

186 LATIN READER.

I. Cicero to his Wife and Children.

[April 3o, &.c. 58.]

Ego minüs szpe do ad vos litteras quàm possum, prop-
tereà quód, cüm omnia mihi tempora sunt misera, tum
vero, cüm aut scribo ad vos, aut vestras lego, conficior
lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim. Quod utinam minüs
vitz: cupidi fuissemus! certé nihil, aut non multum, in
vitáà mali vidissemus. | Quód si nos ad aliquam alicujus
commodi aliquando recuperandi spem fortuna reservavit,
minus est erratum a nobis; sin hac mala fixa sunt, ego
vero te quàm primüm, mea vita, cupio videre, et in tuo
complexu emori; quoniam neque Dii, quos tu castissimé
coluisti, neque homines, quibus ego servivi, nobis gratiam
retulerunt.

Nos Brundisii apud M. Lanium Flaccum dies xiii
fuimus, — virum optimum, qui periculum fortunarum et
capitis sui prze meà salute neglexit, neque legis improbis-
simae poená deductus est, quominus hospitii et amicitize
jus officiumque praestaret. LIIuic utinam aliquando gra-
tiam referre possimus! Habebimus quidem semper.

Brundisio profecti sumas prid. Kalendas Maias. Per
Macedoniam Cyzicum petebamus. O me perditum!
O afflictum! quid nunc rogem te, ut venias, mulierem
segram, et corpore et animo confectam? Non rogem?
Sine te igitur sim? Opinor, sic agam: si est spes nostri
reditüs, eam confirmes et rem adjuves ; sin, ut ego metuo,
transactum est, quoquo modo potes, ad me fac venias.
Unum hoc scito; si te habebo, non mihi videbor plané
perisse.

Sed quid Tulliola mea fiet? Jam id vos videte; mihi
deést consilium. — Sed certé, quoquo modo se res habebit,
illius miselle et matrimonio et fama serviendum est.
Quid? Cicero meus quid aget? Iste veró sit in sinu
semper et complexu meo. Non queo plura jam scribere ;
impedit maror. Tu quid egeris, nescio, utrüm aliquid

CICERO. 187

teneas, an (quod metuo) plané sis spoliata. Pisonem, ut
, Scribis, spero fore semper nostrum.

De familiá liberatá, nihil est quod te moveat. Pri-
müm, tuis ita promissum est, te facturam esse, ut quisque
esset meritus. Est autem in officio adhuc Orpheus, prz-
tereà magnopere nemo. Ceterorum servorum ea causa
est, ut, si res a nobis abisset, liberti nostri essent, si
obtinere potuissent; sin ad nos pertineret, servirent, prz-
terquam oppido pauci.

Sed hzc minora sunt. 'Tu quod me hortaris, ut animo
sim magno, et spem habeam recuperandze salutis, id
velim sit ejusmodi, ut recté sperare possimus. Nunc,
miser, quando tuas jam litteras accipiam? quis ad me
perferet? quas ego exspectássem Brundisii, si esset lici-
tum per nautas, qui tempestatem praetermittere nolue-
runt.

Quod reliquum est, sustenta te, mea Terentia, ut potes
honestissimé. "Viximus,floruimus. Non vitium nostrum,
sed virtus nostra nos afHixit. Peccatum est nullum, nisi
quód non unà animam cum ornamentis amisimus. Sed
si hoc fuit liberis nostris gratius, nos vivere, cetera,
quamquam ferenda non sunt, feramus. | Atque ego, qui
te confirmo, ipse me non possum.

.. Clodium Philheterum, quód valetudine oculorum impe-

diebatur, hominem fidelem, remisi. Sallustius officio
vincit omnes. Pescennius est perbenevolus nobis: quem
semper spero tui fore observantem. Sicca dixerat se
mecum fore ; sed Brundisio dicessit. Cura, quoad potes,
ut valeas; et sic existimes, me vehementiüs tuá miseriá,
quam meá, commoveri. Mea Terentia, fidissima atque
optima uxor! et mea carissima filiola! et spes reliqua
nostra, Cicero! valete.

PRip. KAr. Maias: BRUNDISsIO.

188 LATIN READER.

2. 40 his Órother Quintus.
[June 13]

Mi frater, mi frater, mi frater, tune id veritus es, ne
ego iracundiá aliquá adductus pueros ad te sine litteris
miserim? aut etiam ne te videre noluerim? Ego tibi
irascerer? tibi ego possim irasci? Scilicet, tu enim me
affixisti; tui me inimici, tua me invidia, ac non ego te
misere perdidi. Meus ille laudatus consulatus mihi te,
liberos, patriam, fortunas, tibi velim ne quid eripuerit,
preter unum me. Sed certé a te mihi omnia semper
honesta et jucunda ceciderunt; a me tibi luctus mez
calamitatis, metus tuze, desiderium, mzror, solitudo. Ego
te videre noluerim? Immo vero me a te videri nolui:
non enim vidisses fratrem tuum; non cum quam reli-
queras; non cum quam nóras ; non eum, quem flens flen-
tem, prosequentem proficiscens dimiseras; ne vestigium
quidem ejus, nec simulacrum, sed quandam effigiem spir-
antis mortui.

Atque utinam me mortuum priis vidisses, aut audisses !
utinam te non solum vitz, sed etiam dignitatis mez super- |
stitem reliquissem! Sed testor omnes deos, me hac uná
voce a morte esse revocatum, quód omnes in meá vitá
partem aliquam tuz viteze repositam esse dicebant. Quare
peccavi sceleratéque feci. Nàm si occidissem, mors ipsa
meam pietatem amoremque in te facile defenderet. Nunc
commisi, ut me vivo careres, vivo me aliis indigeres ; mea
vox in domesticis periculis potissimüm occideret, quae
sepe alienissimis przesidio fuisset.*

Nam quód ad te pueri sine litteris venerunt, quo-
niam vides non fuisse iracundiam in causá, certé pi-
gritia fuit, et quzdam infinita vis lacrimarum et dolorum.
Hzc ipsa me quo fletu putas scripsisse? Eodem, quo
te legere certo scio. An. ego possum aut non cogitare

* Ipsum enim Catilinam, consulatüs competitorem et adver-
sarium. defendere cogitaverat Cicero. Vid. Ad Acum, I. 2.

CICERO. 189

aliquando de te, aut umquam sine lacrimis cogitare?
Cüm enim te desidero, fratrem solum desidero? Ego
vero suavitate prope squalem, obsequio filium, consilio
parentem. Quid mihi sine te umquam, aut tibi sine me
jucundum fuit? Quid, quód eodem tempore desidero
filiam? quá pietate, quà modestiá, quo ingenio! effigiem
oris, sermonis, animi mei? Quid filium venustissimum,
mihique dulcissimum? quem ego ferus ac ferreus e com-
plexu dimisi meo, sapientiorem puerum quam vellem:
sentiebat enim miser jam, quid ageretur. Quid veró
tuum filium, imaginem tuam, quem meus Cicero et amabat
ut fratrem, et jam, ut majorem fratrem, verebatur? Quid
quód mulierem miserrimam, fidelissimam conjugem, me
prosequi non sum passus, ut esset qua reliquias commu-
nis calamitatis, communes liberos tueretur?

Sed tamen, quoquo modo potui, scripsi, et dedi litteras
ad te Philogono, liberto tuo, quas credo tibi posteà red-
ditas esse ; in quibus idem te hortor et rogo, quod pueri
tibi verbis meis nuntiárunt, ut Romam protinus pergas et
properes. Primüm enim te praesidio esse volui, si qui
essent inimici, quorum crudelitas nondum esset nostrá
.calamitate satiata. Deinde congressüs nostri lamenta-
tionem pertimui; digressum vero non tulissem ; atque
etiam id ipsum, quod tu scribis, metuebam, ne a me
distrahi non posses. His de causis hoc maximum malum,
quód te non vidi, quo nihil amantissimis et conjunctis-
simis fratribus acerbius ac miserius videtur accidere
potuisse, minüs acerbum, minüs miserum fuit, quàm
fuisset cüm congressio, tum vero digressio nostra.

. Nunc, si potes, id quod ego, qui tibi semper fortis vide-
bar, non possum, erige te et confirma, si qua subeunda
dimicatio erit. Spero, si quid mea spes habet auctori-
tatis, tibi et integritatem tuam et amorem in te civitatis,
et aliquid etiam misericordiam nostri praesidii laturam.
Sin eris ab isto periculo vacuus: ages scilicet, si quid agi
posse de nobis putabis. De quo scribunt ad me quidem

190 LATIN READER.

multi multa, et se sperare demonstrant; sed ego, quid
sperem, non dispicio, cüm inimici plurimüm valeant,
amici partim deseruerint me, partim etiam prodiderint,
qui in meo reditu fortasse reprehensionem sui sceleris
pertimescant.

Sed ista qualia sint, tu velim perspicias mihique de-
clares. Ego tamen, quamdiu tibi opus erit, si quid
periculi subeundum videbis, vivam. Diutiüs in hac vitá
esse non possum. Neque enim tantum virium habet ulla
aut prudentia aut doctrina, ut tantum dolorem possit
sustinere. Scio fuisse et honestius moriendi tempus et
utilius; sed non hoc solum, multa alia pra«termisi, quz si
queri velim praeterita, nihil agam, nisi ut augeam dolorem
tuum, indicem stultitiam meam. . Illud quidem nec facien-
dum est, nec fieri potest, me diutiüs, quàm aut tuum
tempus aut firma spes postulabit, in tam miserá tamque
turpi vità commorari, ut, qui modó fratre fuerim, liberis,
conjuge, copiis, genere ipso pecunias beatissimus, digni-
tate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratià non inferior quàm
qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi, is nunc in hac tam
afflictá perditáque fortuná neque me neque meos lugere
diutiüs possim.

Quare quid ad me scripsisti de permutatione? quasi
vero nunc me non tuz facultates sustineant. Quá in re
ipsá video miser et sentio, quid sceleris admiserim, cum
de visceribus tuis et fili tui satisfacturus sis, quibus
debes, ego acceptam ex szrario pecuniam tuo nomine
frustrà dissipárim. Sed tamen et M. Antonio, quantum
tu scripseras, et Ceepioni tantumdem solutum est; mihi,
ad id quod cogito, hoc quod habeo satis est. Tu, si
forte quid erit molestie, te ad Crassum et ad Calidium
conferas, censeo.

Quantum Hortensio credendum sit, nescio. Me summá
simulatione amoris, summáque assiduitate quotidianá,
sceleratissimé insidiosissiméque tractavit, adjuncto quo-
que Arrio; quorum ego consiliis, promissis, praeceptis

CICERO. IO9I

destitutus, in hanc calamitatem incidi. Sed hzc occulta-
bis, ne quid obsint. Illud caveto, et eo puto per Pom-
ponium fovendum tibi esse ipsum Hortensium, ne ille
versus, qui in te erat collatus cüm zdilitatem petebas, de
lege Aureliá, falso testimonio confirmetur. Nihil enim
tam timeo, quàm ne, cüm intelligant homines quantum
misericordie; nobis tuz' preces et tua salus allatura sit,
oppugnent te vehementiüs.

Messalam tui studiosum esse arbitror ; Pompeium etiam
simulatorem puto. Sed hac utinam non experiare!
quod precarer deos, nisi meas preces audire desissent.
Verumtamen precor, ut his infinitis nostris malis contenti
sint; in quibus non modó tamen nullius inest peccati
infamia, sed omnis dolor est, quód optimé factis poena
maxima est constituta.

Filiam meam et tuam, Ciceronemque nostrum, quid
ego, mi frater, tibi commendem? quin illud maereo, quód
tibi non minorem dolorem illorum orbitas afferet, quàm
mihi. Sed, te incolumi, orbi non erunt. Reliqua, ita
mihi salus aliqua detur, potestasque in patria moriendi,
ut me lacrima non sinunt scribere. Etiam Terentiam
velim tueare, mihique de omnibus rescribas. Sis fortis,
quoad rei natura patietur.

IpniBUus JuwiIS, THESSALONIC.E.

3. .Czcero to .Attécus.
[Sept, 7. &.c. 57.]

Cüm primüm Romam veni, fuitque, cui recté ad te
litteras darem, nihil priàs faciendum mihi putavi, quàm
ut tibi absenti de reditu nostro gratularer. Cognóram
enim, ut veré. scribam, te in consiliis mihi dandis nec
fortiorem, nec prudentiorem, quàm me ipsum, nec etiam,
pro praterità meá in te observantiá, nimiüm in custodiá
salutis meze diligentem ; eundemque te, qui primis tem-
poribus erroris nostri aut potiüs furoris particeps et falsi
timoris socius fuisses, acerbissimé discidium nostrum

192 LATIN READER.

tulisse, plurimumque eperz, studii, diligentie, laboris,
ad conficiendum reditum meum contulisse.

Itaque hoc tibi vere affirmo, in maximá leetitiá et exop-
tatissimá gratulatione unum ad cumulandum gaudium
conspectum aut potius complexum mihi tuum defuisse,
quem semel nactus numquam dimisero, ac, nisi etiam
pretermissos fructus tuz suavitatis omnes exegero, pro-
fecto hac restitutione fortune me ipse non satis dignum
judicabo.

Nos adhuc in nostro statu, quod difficillimé recuperari
posse arbitrati sumus, splendorem nostrum illum foren-
sem, et in senatu auctoritatem, et apud viros bonos gratiam,
magis quam optáramus consecuti sumus. In re autem
familiari (quz& quemadmodum fracta, dissipata, direpta sit,
non ignoras) valdé laboramus, tuarumque non tam facul-
tatum, quas ego nostras esse judico, quàm consiliorum
ad colligendas et constituendas reliquias nostras indi-
gemus. j

Nunc, etsi omnia aut scripta esse a tuis arbitror,
aut etiam nuntiis ac rumore perlata, tamen ea scribam
brevi, quz te puto potissimüm ex meis litteris velle cog-
noscere. !

Pridie Nonas Sext., Dyrrhachio sum profectus, ipso
illo die, quo lex est lata de nobis. Brundisium veni
Nonis Sext.; ibi mihi Tulliola mea fuit przstó, natali
suo ipso die, qui casu idem natalis erat et Brundisinz
coloniz et tuze vicinze Salutis. Quz res, animadversa a
multitudine, summá Brundisinorum gratulatione celebrata
est. Ante diem vi. Id. Sext. cognovi, cüm Brundisii
essem, litteris Quinti fratris, mirifico studio omnium
statum atque ordinum, incredibili concursu Italize, legem
comitiis centuriatis esse perlatam. Inde, a Brundisinis
honestissime ornatus, iter ita feci, ut undique ad me cum
gratulatione legati convenerint. .Ad urbem ita veni, ut
nemo ullius ordinis homo nomenclatori notus fuerit, qui
mihi obviàm non venerit, preter eos inimicos, quibus id

. CICERO. 193

ipsum non liceret aut dissimulare aut negare. Cüm
venissem ad portam Capenam, gradus templorum ab
infimá plebe completi erant; a quá plausu maximo cüm
esset mihi gratulatio significata, similis et frequentia et
plausus me usque ad Capitolium celebravit, in foroque et
in ipso Capitolio miranda multitudo fuit.

Postridie in senatu, qui fuit dies Non. Septembr.,sen-
atui gratias egimus. . Eo biduo cüm esset annonze summa
caritas, et homines ad theatrum primo, deinde ad senatum
concurrissent impulsu Clodii, meá operá frumenti inopiam
esse clamarent, cüm per eos dies senatus de annoná ha-
beretur, et ad ejus procurationem sermone non solüm
plebis, verüm etiam bonorum Pompeius vocaretur, idque
ipse cuperet, multitudoque a me nominatim, ut id decer-
nerem, postularet; feci et accuraté sententiam dixi, cüm
abessent consulares, quód tutó se negarent posse senten-
tiam dicere, praeter Messalam et Afranium. Factum est
senatíüs consultum in meam sententiam, ut cum Pompeio
ageretur, ut eam rem susciperet, lexque ferretur; quo
senatüs consulto recitato, cüm continuó more hoc insulso
et novo plausum, meo nomine recitando, dedisset, habui
contionem ; omnes magistratus presentes, preter unum
przttorem et duos tribunos plebis, dederunt.

Postridie senatus frequens et omnes consulares nihil
Pompeio postulanti negárunt. Ille legatos quindecim
cüm postularet, me principem nominavit, et ad omnia
me a/£eru; se fore dixit. Legem consules conscripse-
runt, quà Pompeio per quinquennium omnis potestas rei
frumentarize toto orbe terrarum daretur ; alteram Messius,
qui omnis pecunia dat potestatem, et adjungit classem et
exercitum, et majus imperium in provinciis quàm. sit
eorum qui eas obtineant. Illa nostra lex consularis nunc
modesta videtur, hec Messii non ferenda. Pompeius
illam velle se dicit, familiares hanc. Consulares, duce
Favonio, fremunt; nos tacemus, et eo magis, quód de
domo nostrá nihil adhuc pontifices. responderunt. Qui

I94 LATIN READER.

si sustulerint religionem, aream praeclaram habebimus ;
superficiem consules ex senatüs consulto sstimabunt ;
sin aliter, demolientur, suo. nomine locabunt, rem totam
eestimabunt.

Ita sunt res nostre, ut in secundis fluxe, ut in adversis
bonz. In re familiari valdé sumus, ut scis, perturbati.
Praetereà sunt quaedam domestica, quz litteris. non com-
mitto. Quintum fratrem, insigni pietate, virtute, fide
preditum, sic amo ut debeo. Te exspecto, et oro
ut matures venire, eoque animo venias, ut me tuo con-
silio egere non sinas. Alterius vite quoddam initium
ordimur. Jam quidam, qui nos absentes defenderunt,
incipiunt praesentibus occulté irasci, aperté invidere.
Vehementer te requirimus.

2. The Death of Tullia.

1. Sulpicius to Czcero.
[April, B.c. 45.]

Posteaquam mihi renüntiatum est de obitu Tulliz,
filie tuze, sané quàm pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque
tuli, communemque eam calamitatem existimavi ; qui, si
istic affuissem, neque tibi defuissem, coramque meum
dolorem tibi declarássem. Etsi genus hoc consolationis
miserum atque acerbum est, — proptereà quia, per quos
confieri debet propinquos ac familiaris, ii ipsi pari moles-
tia afficiuntur, neque sine lacrimis multis id cofari
possunt, uti magis ipsi videantur aliorum consolatione
indigere quàm aliis posse suum officium przstare, —
tamen quz in przsentiá in mentem mihi venerunt, decrevi
brevi ad te perscribere: non quó ea te fugere existimem,
» sed quód forsitan dolore impeditus minus ea perspicias.

Quid est, quod opere te commoveat tuus dolor intes-
tinus? Cogita, quemadmodum adhuc fortuna nobiscum
egerit: ea nobis erepta esse, quee hominibus non minüs
quam liberi cara esse debent, patriam, honestatem, digni-

CICERO. 195

tatem, honores omnes. lloc uno incommodo addito,
quid ad dolorem adjungi potuit? aut qui non in illis
rebus exercitatus animus callere jam debet, atque omnia
minoris existimare? |

An illius vicem, credo, doles? Quoties in eam cogita-
tionem necesse est et tu veneris, et nos sepe incidimus,
hisce temporibus non pessime cum iis esse actum, quibus
sine dolore licitum est mortem cum vitàá commutare?
Quid autem fuit, quod illam hoc tempore ad.vivendum
magno opere invitare posset? quae res? qua spes? quod
animi Solatium? | Ut cum aliquo adolescente primario
conjuncta zetatem gereret? Licitum est tibi, credo, pro
tuá dignitate ex hac juventute generum deligere, cujus
fidei liberos tuos te tut committere putares! .Àn ut ea
liberos ex sese pareret, quos cüm florentes videret, lztare-
tur? qui rem a parente traditam per se tenere possent?
honores ordinatim petituri essent? in re publicá, in ami-
corum negotiis, libertate suà uti? Quid horum fuit, quod
non priüs quàm datum est ademptum sit?

At veró malum est liberos amittere. Malum: nisi hoc
pejus sit, heec sufferre et perpeti. Quse res mihi non
mediocrem consolationem attulit, volo tibi commemorare,
- Si forte eadem res tibi minuere dolorem possit. Ex Asiá
rediens, cüm ab /Eginá Megaram versüs navigarem,
cepi regiones circumcircà prospicere. Post me erat
ZEgina, ante me Megara: dextrá Pirzeus, sinistrá Cor-
inthus: qua oppida quodam tempore florentissima fue-
runt, nunc prostrata ac diruta ante oculos jacent. Coepi
egomet mecum sic cogitare : 77ez ! «os homunculz indiz-
gnamur,si quis nostrüm interiit aut occisus est, quorum
vita brevior esse debet, cium uno loco tot oppidüm cada-
vera $rojecta jacent? | Visne tu te, Servi, cohzbere et
meminisse, hominem te esse natum ?. Crede mihi, cogi-
tatione eà non mediocriter sum confirmatus.

Hoc idem, si tibi videtur, fac ante oculos tibi proponas.
Modoó uno tempore tot viri clarissimi interierunt; de

196 LATIN READER.

imperio populi Romani tanta deminutio facta est ; omnes
provincie conquassate sunt: in unius muliercule ani-
mulá si jactura facta est, tanto opere commoveris? quz
si hoc tempore non diem suum obisset, paucis post annis
tamen ei moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat.
Etiam tu ab hisce rebus animum ac cogitationem tuam
avoca, atque ea potius reminiscere, quze digna tuá per-
soná sunt: illam, quámdiu ei opus fuerit, vixisse; unà
cum re publicá fuisse; te, patrem suum, praetorem, con-
sulem, augurem vidisse ; adolescentibus primariis nuptam
fuisse; omnibus bonis propé perfunctam esse; cüm res
publica occideret, vitá excessisse. Quid est, quod tu aut
illa cum fortuná hoc nomine queri possitis?

Denique noli te oblivisci Ciceronem esse, et eum, qui
aliis consuéris przcipere et dare concilium ; neque imi-
tare malos medicos, qui in alienis morbis profitentur
tenere se medicinz scientiam, ipsi se curare non possunt :
sed potiüs, quz aliis tute praecipere soles, ea tute tibi
subjice, atque apud animum propone. Nullus dolor est,
quem non longinquitas temporis minuat ac molliat. Hoc
te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est, ac non ei rei sapientiá
tuá occurrere.

Quód si. qui etiam inferis sensus est, qui illius in te -
amor fuit, pietasque in omnes suos, hoc certe illa te facere
non vult. Da hoc illi mortuze; da ceteris amicis ac
familiaribus, qui tuo dolore mzrent; da patriz, ut, si quá
in re opus sit, operá et consilio tuo uti possit. Denique,
quoniam in eam fortunam devenimus, ut etiam huic rei
nobis serviendum. sit, noli committere, ut quisquam te
putet non tam filiam quàm rei publice tempora et ali-
orum victoriam lugere.

Plura me ad te de hac re scribere pudet, ne videar
prudentiz tua diffidere: quare, si hoc unum proposuero,
finem faciam. scribendi. Vidimus aliquoties secundam
pulcherrimé te ferre fortunam, magnamque ex eá re te
laudem apisci: fac aliquando intelligamus, adversam

CICERO. 197

quoque te zequé ferre posse, neque id majus quam debeat
tibi onus videri; ne ex omnibus virtutibus hzc una tibi
videatur deesse. |

Quod ad me attinet, cüm te tranquilliorem animo esse
cognóro, de iis rebus qua hic geruntur, quemadmodum-
que se provincia habeat, certiorem faciam. — Vale.

2. Cicero fo Sulpicius.

[Written in May, at Astura.]

Ego vero, Servi, vellem, ut scribis, in meo gravissimo
casu afífuisses. Quantüm enim praesens me adjuvare
potueris, et consolando et prope zqueé dolendo, facilé ex
eo intelligo, quód, litteris lectis, aliquantüm acquievi.
Nam et ea scripsisti quz levare luctum possent, et in me
consolando non mediocrem ipse animi dolorem adhi-
buisti. Servius tamen tuus omnibus officiis, qua illi
tempori tribui potuerunt, declaravit, et quanti ipse me
faceret, et quàm suum talem erga me animum tibi gratum
putaret fore; cujus officia jucundiora licet sz:pe mihi
fuerint, numquam tamen gratiora.

Me autem non oratio tua solüm et societas pene zgri-
tudinis, sed etiam auctoritas consolatur. "Turpe enim
esse existimo, me non ita ferre casum meum, ut tu, tali
sapientiá przeditus, ferendum putas. Sed opprimor inter-
dum, et vix resisto dolori, quód ea me solatia deficiunt,
qui ceteris, quorum mihi exempla propono, simili in
fortuná non defuerunt. Nam et Q. Maximus, qui filium
consularem, clarum virum et magnis rebus gestis, amisit,
et L. Paullus, qui duo septem diebus, et vester Gallus,
et M. Cato, qui summo ingenio, summá virtute filium
perdidit, iis temporibus fuerunt, ut eorum luctum ipsorum
dignitas consolaretur ea, quam ex re publica conseque-
bantur. Mihi autem, amissis ornamentis iis, qua ipse
commemoras, quasque eram maximis laboribus adeptus,
unam manebat illud solatium, quod ereptum est. Non
amicorum negotiis, non rei publice procuratione impedie-

198 LATIN READER.

bantur cogitationes mez; nihil in foro agere libebat ;
adspicere curiam non poteram; existimabam, id quod
erat, omnes me et industrize mez fructus et fortunz per-
didisse.

Sed, cüm cogitarem haec mihi tecum et cum quibus-
dam esse communia, et cüm frangerem jam ipse me,
cogeremque illa ferre toleranter; habebam quó confu-
gerem, ubi conquiescerem, cujus in sermone et suavitate
omnes curas doloresque deponerem. Nunc autem, hoc
tam gravi vulnere, etiam illa qua consanuisse videbantur
recrudescunt. Non enim, ut tum me a re publicá maestum
domus excipiebat, quz» levaret, sic nunc domo maerens
ad rem publicam confugere possum, ut in ejus bonis
acquiescam. Itaque et domo absum et foro, quód nec
eum dolorem, quem a re publicá capio, domus jam con-
solari potest, nec domesticum res publica.

Quo magis te exspecto, teque videre quàm primüm
cupio. Major mihi levatio afferri nulla potest, quàm
conjunctio consuetudinis sermonumque nostrorum : quam-
quam sperabam tuum adventum — sic enim audiebam
—appropinquare. Ego autem cüm multis de causis te
exopto quàm primüm videre; tum etiam, ut anté com-
mentemur inter nos, quá ratione nobis traducendum sit
hoc tempus, quod est totum ad unius voluntatem accom-
modandum, et prudentis, et liberalis, et (ut perspexisse
videor) nec a me alieni, et tibi amicissimi. Quod cüm
ita sit, magne tamen est deliberationis, quz ratio sit
ineunda nobis, non agendi aliquid, sed illius concessu et
beneficio quiescendi.

XI.

PELLI.

1. — Letter to Tacitus, concerning a School for Boys.

Salvum te in urbem venisse gaudeo; venisti autem, si
quando aliàs, nunc maxime mihi desideratus. Ipse pau-
culis adhuc diebus in "Tusculano commorabor, ut opus-
culum quod est in manibus absolvam. | Vereor enim ne,
st hanc intentionem jam in fine laxavero, :egré resumam.
Interim, ne quid festinationi mez pereat, quod sum prz-
sens petiturus hac quasi przecursoriá epistulá rogo.

Sed priüs accipe causas rogandi. Proximé, cüm in
patriá meá fui, venit ad me salutandum municipis mei
filius. pretextatus. Huic ego 'Studes?' inquam. Re-
spondit *Etiam. *Ubi?' *Mediolani^ | * Cur non hic?*
Et pater ejus (erat enim unà, atque etiam ipse adduxerat
puerum) * Quia nullos hic prz:ceptores habemus. * Quare
nullos?. nam vehementer intererat vestrá, qui patres
estis, —et opportuné complures patres audiebant, — * li-
beros vestros hic potissimüm discere. Ubi enim aut
jucundiüs morarentur quàm in patriá, aut pudiciüs con-
tinerentur quàm sub oculis parentüm, aut minore sumptu
quàm domi? Quantulum est ergo, collatà pecuniá, con-
ducere przeceptores, quodque nunc in habitationes, in
viatica, in ea qua peregré emuntur impenditis, adjicere
mercedibus? Atque adeó ego, qui nondum liberos habeo,
paratus sum pro re publicá nostrá, quasi pro filià vel
parente, tertiam partem ejus quod conferre vobis placebit
dare. "Totum etiam pollicerer, nisi timerem ne hoc

200 LATIN READER.

munus meum quandoque ambitu corrumperetur, ut acci-
dere multis in locis video, in quibus praeceptores publice
conducuntur. Huic vitio occurri uno remedio potest, si
parentibus solis jus conducendi relinquatur, isdemque
religio rectó judicandi necessitate collationis addatur.
Nam qui fortasse de alieno negligentes, certe de suo
diligentes erunt; dabuntque operam ne a me pecuniam
non nisi dignus accipiat, si accepturus et ab ipsis erit.
Proinde consentite, conspirate, majoremque animum ex
meo sumite, qui cupio esse quàm plurimum, quod debeam
conferre. Nihil honestius prestare liberis vestris, nihil
gratius patrie, potestis. Educentur hic qui hic nascuntur,
statimque ab infanti natale solum amare frequentare
consuescant. Atque utinam tam claros przeceptores indu-
catis, ut finitimis oppidis studia hinc petantur ; utque nunc
liberi vestri aliena in loca, ita mox alieni in hunc locum
confluant !

Hzc putavi altius et quasi a fonte repetenda, quo
magis scires quàm gratum mihi foret, si susciperes quod
injungo. Injungo autem, et pro rei magnitudine rogo,
ut ex copiá studiosorum, qua ad te ex admiratione
ingenii tui convenit, circumspicias praceptores quos sol-
licitare possimus ; sub eá tamen conditione, ne cui fidem
meam obstringam. Omnia enim libera parentibus servo.
Illi judicent, illi eligant: ego mihi curam tantüm et in-
pendium vindico. Proinde, si quis fuerit repertus qui
ingenio suo fidat, eat illuc, eá lege ut hinc nihil aliud
certum quàm fiduciam suam ferat. Vale.

2.— Letter. lo Tacitus, on. hzs Uncles death by the
Erujption of Vesuvzus, A.D. 79.

Petis ut tibi avunculi mei exitum scribam, quo veriüs
tradere posteris possis. Gratias ago: nam video morti
ejus, si celebretur a te, immortalem gloriam esse propo-
sitam. Quamvis enim pulcherrimarum clade terrarum,

PLINY. 20I

ut populi, ut urbes, memorabili casu quasi semper vic-
turus occiderit,quamvis ipse plurima opera et mansura
condiderit; multum tamen perpetuitati ejus scriptorum
tuorum zeternitas addet. Equidem beatos puto quibus
deorum munere datum est aut facere scribenda, aut scri-
bere legenda ; beatissimos veró quibus utrumque. Horum
in numero avunculus meus et suis libris et tuis erit.
Quo libentiüs suscipio, deposco etiam quod injungis.
Erat Miseni, classemque imperio przsens regebat.
Nonum Kal. Septembres, horá feré septimá, mater mea
indicat ei apparere nubem inusitatá et magnitudine et
specie. Usus ille sole, mox frigidá, gustaverat jacens
studebatque : poscit soleas, ascendit locum ex quo max-
imé miraculum illud conspici poterat. Nubes, incertum
procul intuentibus ex quo monte (Vesuvium fuisse posteà
cognitum est) oriebatur, cujus similitudinem et formam
non alia magis arbor quam pinus expresserit. Nam
longissimo velut trunco elata, in altum quibusdam ramis
diffundebatur, — credo, quia recenti spiritu evecta, dein
senescente eo, destituta aut etiam pondere suo victa, in
latitudinem vanescebat: candida interdum, interdum sor-
dida et maculosa, prout terram cineremve sustulerat.
Magnum propiüsque noscendum, ut eruditissimo viro,
visum. Jubet Liburnicam aptari: mihi, si venire unà
vellem, facit copiam : respondi studere me malle; et forte
ipse quod scriberem dederat. Egrediebatur domo: acci-
pit codicillos Rectinze Tasci imminenti periculo exterritze
(nam villa ejus subjacebat, nec ulla nisi navibus fuga):
ut se tanto discrimini eriperet orabat. Vertit ille con-
silium, et quod studioso animo inchoaverat obit maximo.
Deducit quadriremes, ascendit ipse, non Rectinze modó
sed multis (erat enim frequens amoenitas orz) laturus
auxilium. Properat illuc unde alii fugiunt, rectumque
cursum, recta gubernacula in periculum tenet, adeó solu-
tus metu ut omnes illius mali motüs, omnes figuras, ut
deprenderat oculis, dictaret enotaretque. i

202 LATIN READER.

Jam navibus cinis incidebat, quo propiüs accederent,
calidior et densior; jam pumices etiam, nigrique et
ambusti et fracti igne lapides, jam vadum subitum, ruiná-
que montis litora obstantia. Cunctatus paulüm an retro
flecteret, mox gubernatori ut ita faceret monenti Zor£es
inquit forizza juvat: JPomfponianum ete. Stabiis
erat, diremptus sinu medio; nam sensim circumactis
curvatisque litoribus mare infunditur. Ibi, quamquam
nondum periculo appropinquante, conspicuo tamen, et
cüm cresceret, proximo, sarcinas contulerat in naves,
certus fuga, si contrarius ventus resedisset; quo tunc
avunculus meus secundissimo invectus, complectitur tre-
pidantem, consolatur, hortatur, utque timorem ejus suá
securitate leniret, deferri in balineum jubet: lotus accu-
bat, cenat aut hilaris, aut (quod est equé magnum)
similis hilari.

Interim e Vesuvio monte pluribus in locis latissimze
flamma altaque incendia relucebant, quorum fulgor et
claritas tenebris noctis excitabatur. Ille, agrestium trepi-
datione ignes relictos desertasque villas per solitudinem
ardere, in remedium formidinis dictitabat. Tum se
quieti dedit, et quievit verissimo quidem somno. Nam
meatus animz, qui illi propter amplitudinem corporis
gravior et sonantior erat, ab iis qui liminj obversabantur
audiebatur. Sed area ex quá dizta adibatur ita jam
cinere mixtisque pumicibus oppleta surrexerat ut, si
longior in cubiculo mora, exitus negaretur. Excitatus
procedit, seque Pomponiano ceterisque qui pervigilave-
rant reddit. In commune consultant, intra tecta subsis-
tant, an in aperto vagentur. Nam crebris vastisque
tremoribus tecta nutabant, et quasi emota sedibus suis
nunc huc nunc illuc abire aut referri videbantur. |

Sub dio rursus quamquam levium exesorumque pumi-
cum casus metuebatur ; quod tamen periculorum collatio
elegit. Et apud illum quidem ratio rationem, apud alios
timorem timor vicit. Cervicalia capitibus imposita linteis

PLINY. 203

constringunt: id munimentum adversus incidentia fuit.
Jam dies alibi, illic nox omnibus noctibus nigrior densi-
orque; quam tamen faces multe variaque lumina sola-
bantur. Placuit egredi in litus, et ex proximo aspicere
ecquid jam mare admitteret; quod adhuc vastum et
adversum permanebat. Ibi, super abjectum linteum re-
cubans, semel atque iterum frigidam aquam poposcit
hausitque. Deinde flammz, flammarumque prznuntius
odor sulphuris, alios in fugam vertuht, excitant illum.
Innitens servolis duobus adsurrexit; et statim concidit,
ut ego colligo, crassiore caligine spiritu obstructo, clau-
soque stomacho, qui illi naturá invalidus et angustus et
frequenter sstuans erat. Ubi dies redditus (is ab eo
quem novissime viderat tertius), corpus inventum inte-
grum, inlasum, opertumque ut fuerat indutus: habitus
. corporis quiescenti quàm defuncto similior.

Interim Miseni ego et mater. Sed nihil ad historiam ;
nec tu aliud quàm de exitu ejus scire voluisti. Finem
ergo faciam. Unum adjiciam, omnia me quibus inter-
fueram, quaque statim cüm maximé vera memorantur
audieram, persecutum. Tu potissima excerpes. Aliud
est enim epistolam aliud historiam, aliud amico aliud
omnibus scribere. Vale.

4. Secoxd Letter on the Eruftion.

Ais te, adductum litteris quas exigenti tibi de morte
avunculi mei scripsi, cupere cognoscere quos ego Miseni
relictus (id enim ingressus abruperam) non solüm metus
verüm etiam casus pertulerim. Quamquam animus me-
minisse horret, incipiam.

Profecto avunculo, ipse reliquum tempus studiis (ideo
enim remanseram) impendi : mox balineum, cena, somnus
inquietus et brevis. Przcesserat per multos dies tremor.
terrze minüs formidolosus, quia Campaniz solitus. Illà
vero nocte ita invaluit, ut non moveri omnia sed verti cre-

204. LATIN READER.

derentur. Irrumpit cubiculum meum mater: surgebam,
invicem, si quiesceret, excitaturus. Residimus in areá
domüs, qua mare a tectis modico spatio dividebat.
Dubito constantiam vocare an inprudentiam debeam;
agebam enim duodevicesimum annum: posco librum
Titi Livi, et quasi per otium lego, atque etiam, ut coepe-
ram, excerpo. Ecce, amicus avunculi, qui nuper ad eum
ex Hispaniá venerat, ut me et matrem sedentes, me vero
etiam legentem videt, illius patientiam, securitatem meam
corripit: nihilo segniüs ego intentus in librum.

Jam hora diei prima, et adhuc dubius et quasi lan-
guidus dies. Jam quassatis circumjacentibus tectis,
quamquam in aperto loco, angusto tamen, magnus et
certus ruine metus. Tum demum excedere oppido
visum: sequitur vulgus attonitum, quodque in pavore
simile prudentiz, alienum consilium suo praefert, ingen-
tique agmine abeuntes premit et impellit. Egressi tecto
consistimus. Multa ibi miranda, multas formidines pati-
mur. Nam vehicula quas produci jusseramus, quamquam
in planissimo campo, in contrarias partes agebantur, ac
ne lapidibus quidem fulta in eodem vestigio quiescebant.
Pratereà mare in se resorberi, et tremore terre quasi
repelli videbamus. |Certé processerat litus, multaque
animalia maris siccis harenis detinebat. j Ab altero latere
nubes atra et horrenda, ignei spiritüs tortis vibratisque
discursibus rupta, in longas flammarum figuras dehisce-
bat: fulguribus illae et similes et majores erant.

Tum vero idem ille ex Hispaniá amicus acriüs et
instantius *Si frater' inquit *tuus, tuus avunculus vivit,
vult esse vos salvos; si periit, superstites voluit; proinde
quid cessatis evadere?! ^ Respondimus non commissuros
nos, ut de salute illius incerti nostre consuleremus.
Non moratus ultrà, pr. ripit se, effusoque cursu periculo
aufertur. Nec multo post, iila nubes descendere in terras,
operire maria: cinxerat Capreas et absconderat: Miseni
quod procurrit abstulerat. Tum mater orare, hortari,

z PLINY. 20 5

jubere quoquo modo fugerem; posse enim juvenem, se
et annis et corpore gravem bene morituram, si mihi causa
mortis non fuisset. Ego contrà, salvum me nisi unà non
futurum: dein manum ejus amplexus, addere gradum
cogo. Paret zgré, incusatque se quod me moretur.

Jam cinis, adhuc tamen rarus: respicio; densa caligo
tergis imminebat, qua. nos torrentis modo infusa terrze
sequebatur. *Deflectamus' inquam, *dum videmus ne
in vià strati comitantium turbá in tenebris obteramur.'
Vix consideramus, et nox, non qualis illunis aut nubila,
sed qualis in locis clausis lumine extincto. JAudires
ululatus feminarum, infantüm quiritatus, clamores viro-
rum: alii parentes, alii liberos, alii conjuges vocibus
requirebant, vocibus noscitabant: hi suum casum, illi
suorum miserabantur: erant qui metu mortis mortem
precarentur: multi ad deos manus tollere, plures nusquam
jam deos ullos, aeternamque illam et novissimam noctem
mundo interpretabantur.

Nec defuerunt qui fictis. mentitisque terroribus vera
pericula augerent. Aderant qui Miseni illud ruisse, illud
ardere falso, sed credentibus nuntiabant. Paulüm reluxit:
quod non dies nobis sed adventantis ignis indicium vide-
batur. -Et ignis quidem longiüs substitit, tenebrze rursus,
cinis rursus multus et gravis. lunc identidem adsur-
gentes excutiebamus: operti alioqui atque etiam oblisi
pondere essemus. Possem gloriari non gemitum mihi,
non vocem parüm fortem, in tantis periculis excidisse,
nisi me cum omnibus, omnia mecum perire misero,
magno tamen mortalitatis solacio credidissem.

Tandem illa caligo, tenuata quasi in fumum nebulamve,
discessit: mox: dies verus, sol etiam eflulsit, luridus
tamen, qualis esse cüm deficit solet. Occursabant tre-
pidantibus adhuc oculis mutata omnia, altoque cinere
tamquam nive, obducta. ^ Regressi Misenum, curatis
utcumque corporibus, suspensam dubiamque noctem spe
ac metu exegimus. Metus pravalebat: nam et tremor

206 LATIN READER.

terre perseverabat, et plerique lymphati terrificis vatici-
nationibus et sua et aliena mala ludificabantur. Nobis
tamen ne tunc quidem, quamquam et expertis periculum
et expectantibus, abeundi consilium, donec de avunculo
nuntius. llec nequàquam historiá digna non scripturus
leges, et tibi, scilicet qui requisisti, imputabis, si digna
ne epistulá quidem videbuntur. Vale.

4. Letter to Trajan, concerning the Christians.
[A.D. 1r2.]

Sollemne est mihi, domine, omnia de quibus dubito
ad te referre. Quis enim potest meliüs vel cunctationem
meam regere, vel ignorantiam exstruere?

Cognitionibus de Christianis interfui numquam: ideo
nescio quid et quatenus aut puniri soleat, aut quzeri.
Nec mediocriter hzesitavi, sitne aliquod discrimen zetatum,
an quamlibet teneri nihil a robustioribus differant ;' detur
penitentie venia, an ei qui omnino Christianus fuit
desisse non prosit; nomen ipsum, si flagitiis careat, an
flagitia cohzrentia nomini puniantur. !

Interim in iis qui ad me tamquam Christiani defere-.
bantur, hunc sum secutus modum. Interrogavi ipsos an
essent Christiani. Confitentes iterum ac tertio inter-
rogavi, supplicium minatus: perseverantes duci jussi.
Neque enim dubitabam, qualecumque. esset quod fate-
rentur, pertinaciam certé et inflexibilem obstinationem
debere puniri. Fuerunt alii similis amentiz, quos, quia
cives Romani erant, adnotavi in urbem remittendos.

Mox ipso tractatu, ut fieri solet, diffundente se crimine,
plures species inciderunt. Propositus est libellus sine
auctore, multorum nomina continens. Qui negabant esse
se Christianos aut fuisse, cüm przeunte me deos appel-
larent, et imagini tuze (quam propter hoc jusseram cum
simulacris numinum adferri) ture ac vino supplicarent,
pratereà maledicerent Christo — quorum nihil posse cogi

PLINY. 207

dicuntur qui sunt re verá Christiani — dimittendos esse
putavi. Alii, ab indice nominati, esse se Christianos
dixerunt, et mox negaverunt; fuisse quidem, sed desisse,
quidam ante plures annos, non nemo etiam ante viginti
quoque. Omnes et imaginem tuam deorumque si-
mulacra venerati sunt, et Christo maledixerunt.

Affirmabant autem hanc fuisse summam vel culpae suz
vel erroris, quod essent soliti stato die ante lucem con-
venire, carmenque Christo quasi deo dicere secum invi-
cem, seque sacramento non in scelus aliquod obstringere,
sed ne furta, ne latrocinia, ne adulteria committerent, ne
fidem fallerent, ne depositum appellati abnegarent: qui-
bus peractis, morem sibi discedendi fuisse, rursusque ad
capiendum cibum, promiscuum tamen et innoxium ; quod
ipsum facere desisse post edictum meum, quo secundüm
mandata tua hetzrias esse vetueram. Quo magis neces-
sarium credidi ex duabus ancillis, que ministre dice-
bantur, quid esset veri, et per tormenta quarere. Nihil
aliud inveni quam superstitionem pravam immodicam.

Ideo, dilatà cognitione, ad consulendum te decucurri.
Visa est enim mihi res digna consultatione, maxime
propter periclitantium numerum. Multi enim omnis
etatis, omnis ordinis, utriusque sexüs etiam, vocantur in
periculum et vocabuntur. Neque civitates tantüm, sed
vicos etiam atque agros, superstitionis istius contagio
pervagata est; quze videtur sisti et corrigi posse. Certe
satis constat propé jam desolata templa coepisse celebrari,
et sacra sollemnia diu intermissa repeti, pastumque venire
victimarum, cujus adhuc rarissimus emptor inveniebatur.
Ex quo facile est opinari quae» turba hominum emendari
possit, si sit pzenitentiz locus.

208 LATIN READER.

5.—47 4e Reply of Trajan.

Actum quem debuisti, mi Secunde, in excutiendis .
causis eorum qui Christiani ad te delati fuerant, secutus
es. Neque enim in universum aliquid quod quasi certam
formam habeat constitui potest. Conquirendi non sunt:
si deferantur et arguantur, puniendi sunt; ita tamen ut
qui negaverit se Christianum esse, idque re ipsà mani-
festum fecerit, id est supplicando diis nostris, quamvis
suspectus in preteritum, veniam ex penitentiá impetret.
Sine auctore vero, propositi libelli zz nullo crimine lo-
cum habere debent. Nam et pessimi exempli nec nostri
szeculi est.

XII.

T ACTT:US.

The Conflagration of Rome, and First Persecu-
Hon of the Christians.
[Annals. xv. 38-44- A.D. 64.]

Sequitur clades, forte an dolo principis incertum
(nam utrumque auctores prodidére), sed omnibus
qua huic urbi per violentiam ignium acciderunt
gravior atque atrocior. Initium in eà parte circi
ortum, qua Palatino Calioque montibus contigua
est, ubi per tabernas, quibus id mercimonium inerat
quo flamma alitur, simul ceptus ignis et statim
validus ac vento citus longitudinem circi corripuit.
Neque enim domus munimentis szpta, vel templa
muris cincta, aut quid aliud more interjacebat.
Impetu pervagatum incendium plana primüm, deinde
in edita adsurgens et rursus inferiora populando,
antelit remedia velocitate mali, et obnoxià urbe
artis itineribus, hucque et illuc flexis atque enormi-
bus vicis, qualis vetus Roma fuit.

Ad hoc lamenta paventium feminarum, fessa
[zetate] aut rudis [pueritiae] aetas, quique sibi qui-
que alis consulebant, dum trahunt invalidos aut
opperiuntur, pars morá, pars festinans, cuncta impe-
diebant. Et saepe, dum in tergum respectant, lateri-
bus aut fronte circumveniebantur; vel si in proxima
evaserant, ils quoque igni correptis, etiam quz

210 LATIN READER.

longinqua crediderant in eodem casu reperiebant.
Postremó, quid vitarent quid peterent ambigui, com-
plere vias, sterni per agros; quidam, amissis om-
nibus fortunis, diurni quoque victüs, alii caritate
suorum, quos eripere nequiverant, quamvis patente
effugio interiére. Nec quisquam defendere audebat,
crebris multorum minis restinguere prohibentium,
et quia alii palàm faces jaciebant, atque esse sibi
auctorem vociferabantur, sive ut raptus licentius
exercerent, seu jussu.

Eo in tempore Nero, Antii agens, non anté in
urbem regressus est quàm domui ejus, quà Palatium
et Maecenatis hortos continuaverat, ignis propin-
quaret. Neque tamen sisti potuit, quin et Palatium
et domus et cuncta circüm haurirentur. Sed sola-
cium populo exturbato ac profugo campum Martis
ac monumenta Agrippa, hortos quin etiam suos
patefecit, et subitaria zdificia exstruxit, quae multi-
tudinem inopem acciperent; subvectaque utensilia
ab Ostià et propinquis municipiis, pretiumque fru-
menti minutum usque ad ternos nummos. Quse,
quamquam popularia, in inritum cadebant, quia
pervaserat rumor, ipso tempore flagrantis urbis,
inisse eum domesticam scamnam, et. cecinisse "Tro-
janum excidium, praesentia mala vetustis cladibus
adsimulantem. |

Sexto demum die, apud imas Esquilias finis in-
cendio factus, prorutis per inmensum aedificiis, ut
continuze violentiae, campus et velut vacuum caelum
occurreret. Necdum positus metus, et rediit haud
leviüs rursum grassatus ignis patulis magis urbis
locis, eoque strages hominum minor: delubra deüm
et porticus amoenitati dicata latius procidére. —Plus-

'T'ACITUS. 2II

que infami id incendium habuit, quia praediis Ti-
gellini ZEmilianis proruperat; videbaturque Nero
condenda» urbis nova, et cognomento suo appel-
lande, gloriam quarere. Quippe in regiones quat-
tuordecim Roma dividitur, quarum quattuor integrae
manebant, tres solo tenus dejectze: septem reliquis
pauca tectorum vestigia supererant, lacera et se-
musta.

Ceterüm Nero usus est patrize ruinis, exstruxitque
domum, in quà haud perinde gemma et aurum mi-
raculo essent (solita pridem et luxu volgata) quàm
arva et stagna, et in modum solitudinum hinc silvae
inde aperta spatia et prospectus, magistris et ma-
chinatoribus Severo et Celere, quibus ingenium et
audacia erat, etiam quae natura denegavisset, per
artem temptare, et viribus principis inludere. Nam-
que ab lacu Averno navigabilem fossam usque ad
ostia "Tiberina depressuros promiserant, squalenti
litore aut per montes adversos. Neque enim aliud
humidum gignendis aquis occurrit quam. Pomptinz
paludes : cetera abrupta aut arentia, ac si perrumpi
possent, intolerandus labor nec satis cause. Nero
tamen,"ut erat incredibilium cupitor, effodere prox-
ima Averno juga conisus est, manentque vestigia
inritze spel.

Ceterüm urbis qua domui supererant non, ut
post Gallica.incendia, nullà distinctione, nec passim
erecta, sed dimensis vicorum ordinibus, et. latis
viarum spatiis, cohibitàque aedificiorum altitudine, ac
patefactis areis, additisque porticibus, quae frontem
insularum protegerent. Eas porticus Nero: suà
pecunià exstructurum, purgatasque areas dominis
traditurum pollicitus est. Addidit praemia pro cujus-

212 LATIN READER.

que ordine et rei familiaris copiis, finivitque tempus
intra quod effectis domibus aut insulis apiscerentur.
Ruderi accipiendo Ostienses paludes destinabat,
utique naves, qua frumentum Tiberi subvectavis-
sent, onustze rudere decurrerent, cedificiaque ipsa
certà sui parte sine trabibus saxo Gabino Albanove
solidarentur, quód is lapis ignibus impervius est;
jam aqua privatorum licentià intercepta, quo largior
et pluribus locis in publicum flueret, custodes, et
subsidia reprimendis ignibus in propatulo quisque
haberet; nec communione parietum, sed propriis
quaeque muris ambirentur. Ea, ex utilitate accepta,
. decorem quoque nova? urbi attulére. Erant tamen
^qui crederent, veterem illam formam salubritati
magis conduxisse, quoniam angustigd itinerum et
altitudo tectorum non perinde solis vapore perrum-
perentur: at nunc patulam latitudinem, et nullà
umbrà defensam, graviore aestu ardescere.

Et haec quidem humanis consiliis providebantur.
Mox petita a dis piacula, aditique Sibullae libri, ex
quibus supplicatum Volcano et Cereri Proserpinz-
que, ac propitiata Juno per matronas, primüm in
Capitolio, deinde apud proximum mare, unde haustà
aquà templum et simulacrum dez perspersum est;
et sellisternia ac pervigilia celebravére feminae qui-
bus mariti erant.

Sed non ope humaná, non largitionibus principis,
aut deüm placamentis decedebat infamia, quin jus-
sum incendium crederetur. Ergó abolendo rumori
Nero subdidit reos, et quzesitissimis poenis adfecit,
quos per flagitia invisos vulgus Christianos appella-
bat. Auctor nominis ejus Christus, Tiberio imperi-
tante, per procuratorem Pontium Pilatum supplicio

TACITUS. 213

adfectus erat; repressaque in presens exitiabilis
superstitio rursum erumpebat, non modó per Ju-
deam, originem ejus mali, sed per urbem etiam,
quó cuncta undique atrocia aut pudenda confluunt
celebranturque. Igitur primüm correpti qui fate-
bantur ; deinde, indicio eorum, multitudo ingens haud
perinde in crimine incendii quàm odio humani ge-
neris convicti sunt. Et pereuntibus addita ludibria,
ut ferarum tergis contecti laniatu canum interirent,
aut crucibus adfixi, aut flammandi, atque ubi defe-
cisset dies, in usum nocturni luminis urerentur.
Hortos suos ei spectaculc Nero obtulerat, et cir-
cense ludicrum edebat, habitu aurige permixtus
plebi, vel curriculo insistens. Unde quamquam ad-
versus sontes, et novissima exempla meritos, mi-
seratio oriebatur, tamquam non utilitate publicà sed
in saevitiam unius absumerentur.

Of Calif.ro*-

*

d oin

d S

f i Mr

H

DCogpPEgS

PHZEDRUS.

Little is known with accuracy of the life of Phzdrus. He
was probably a 'Thracian slave in the household of Augustus,
was afterwards manumitted, and became the object of the
hatred and persecution of Sejanus, the minister of Tiberius.
He seems to have written in the reign of Claudius (A.D. 41—54).
His fables are mere translations from the Greek.

Norxz. — The metre of all these fables is the Iambic Trimeter or
Senarius, (S 82, iii.), the ictus of each double foot being marked
with an accent. In the first verse of the first fable, fáme cóà- is
the first measure, consisting of two iambs, with the ictus upon the
long syllable of the first; e in fame is long by the analogy of the
fifth declension: -ctá vulpes al- is the second, consisting of an
iambus and a spondee. A spondee cannot properly stand in any
but the odd feet; but Phzdrus, like the comie writers, allows
himself greater liberties. 'The third measure is t'in vinéa, a
spondee followed by an iambus.

FanrE I (Boox IV. 3).

1. Pame, ablative of cause ($ 54, 1.). — coacta, nom. agreeing
with vulpes ($ 49, 1.). — vinea, $ 56,1. 1; the vines in Italy were
trained upon trees, and festooned from one to another.

2. appetebat: S 27, 11. 2; it agrees with vulpes by $ 49.

9. Quam, S 48, r. and 1v. ; $ 52, 1. —ut, $8 64, rv. end. — dis-
cedens, $ 72,1. Notice that the relative here implies a conjunction
and a pronoun, and that the participle discedens may in English
best change constructions with ait; **6ut when he could, not reach it,

216 LATIN READER.

he departed, saying," — 'The third foot in this verse, nón pótü-, is
a dactyl, which in iambie metre has the ictus on the second syl-
lable. |

4. acerbam, sc.* uvam.

5. qui and quee, $ 48, rrr. first remark; qui is subject of ele-
vant, while its antecedent (ii) is subject of debebunt; quae is
object of facere, and its antecedent (ea), of elevant; facere
depends upon possunt.

6. debebunt: we should say ought, but the Latin expresses
the relation of future time more precisely than the English idiom
requires, — adscribere, $ 58, 1v. — sibi, $ 19, rr. end.

Fanrx II (IV. 9).

]. simul ac: as soon as (S 43, 9). — The position of callidus
makes it emphatie, and gives it some such force as, 7f" he is shrewd.
2. alterius: íhe other, 1.e., the person nearest him ; another
would be alius. The first foot is an anapsst, répéri.
3. decidisset, $ 62, r. end. — inscia, $ 6, 4; $ 47, vr., without
knowing it.
4. altiore, S 17, v. 1.
6. esset, $ 67, r. 1. — an: whether.
7. copiosus, $ 44, rv. 3. — illa sc. dixit.
9. possit, S 65, r.
10. barbatus, $ 44, rtv. 4. dtuipbenda, 8 44, 1. 2.
11. puteo, $ 54, vi. — cornibus, S 54, 1. ; abl. of means.
12. vado, $ 55, iui. 5, end: shallow water, pool.

FaAnrk III (I. 1).

. venerant, $ 49, r. ;

. superior: above. — compulsi, $ 47, r. — stabat, 8 27, rr. 1.
. fauce improba, savage jaw, belongs with incitatus.

. jurgii, S 50, irr. — intulit: brought up.

6. bibenti, S 72, 1: as 1 am drinking. —laniger, 8 44, v1. ;
10,8. "The descriptive adjective is used like barbatus, in the
last fable, for the noun, $ 47, rrr. — timens, fearing at the time,
not timid as a characteristic.

7. Qui: how. — quod, 8$ 52, 1. first note: what you complain
about.

pe Co hom

* This is an abbreviation for scilicet (scire licet), meaning wnderstand.

*

NOTES — PHZEDRUS. 217

8. a and ad, 8 42, rv. — decurrit, runs down.— ad meos
haustus: £o my draughts, i.e. for me to drink.
9. viribus — vi: force.
10. menses, $ 55,1. 1: six months ago. — mihi, $ 51, 1r. — male
belongs with dixisti: cursed.
11. equidem : emphasizes the first person, but I.
13. correptum (sc. eum) lacerat: seizes him and tears him
io pieces (S 72, 1).
15. fictis causis, $ 72, 3: by making up reasons.
; FanrE IV (IV. 8).
1. mordaciorem, $ 44, v. 3: one that bites harder than himself.
— improbo: malicious.
2. sentiat, S 68, r.
9. qua, after si, ne, etc. — aliquee, $ 21, rrr. end. — cibi belongs
with res, $ 50, rr. : any thing of food, i.e. any food.
9. contra is used as an adverb, on the other hand (S 56, xr. end).
6. Quid, $ 52, rv. : ín respect to what — why? — stulta, sc.
tu. — captas (from capio), S 36, rr.: fry eagerly; catch at.
7. quee, first person, subj. of assuevi, relating to me.

FanrE V (I. 25).

2. et... et843,8.

3. canes, $ 52, vi. — currentes: om the run; better, run
while drinking.

4. corcodilis, $ 56, rv. ; this form is used because the o in
crócodilis is short. — rapiantur, 8$ 64, r. — traditum est, $ 70;
the subject is canes . . . flumine: i/ is related that, etc.

6. quam libet: as much as yow please. — otio, $ 54, rr. first
note, — otiose: a your ease.

47. Noli vereri, $ 58, rrr. first. note. — facerem, S 59, iv. 2.
— mehercule is scanned m'ercule.

Fanrz VI (II. 7).

2. cum pecunia, S 54, rr. second note.
4. onere, abl. of cause. — celsa cervice eminet: fosses up
his head ; literally, towers with lofty neck, abl. of D —
7. advolant, $ 27, 1. second paragraph.
10. The second foot, -tiís Yel-, 1s a tribrach.
11. me is subject of contemptum (esse), depending —
gaudeo( 8 70, ii).
14. periclo depends upon obnoxiee, $ 51, r.

218

i
5.
6.

LATIN READER.

FanrE VII (V. 3).

. quam, obj. of opprimere. — sibi duxit: fetched himself.

tibi: for or in regard to yourself ; not to.

. addideris, S 63, rr.

in gratiam: fo good terms.

. leedendi, S 73, r1.

. te, obj. of necare. — generis, $ 50, 1r. 2. — animal, $ 46.
. bibere depends upon delectaris : in drinking.
. optem, $ 60, 2. — vel: even.

. The third foot is a dactyl, tüm véni-.

. nocens, used as an adjective : mischievous.

. poena, S 54, rv.

*

FanrxE VIII (IV. 18).

. contra se: £o his own loss.
. ut: when.
. improbis, S 51, v.

FanLE IX (I. 15).

commutando, $ 73 and v. — seepius : quite often.
Is refers to senex.
fugere depends upon suadebat; the regular construction

would be, ut fugeret.

. lentus: síolidly. — num, $ 71 and r1. — binas, $ 18, ni. 2.
. impositurum, sc. esse.

. mea, S 50, rv. 4, first note.
. cui, $ 51, rr. — portem, $8 61, 3. — meas: mine and mo

FABLE X (I. 8).

. pretium : pay. — meriti, S 47, 1v. 1.
. Begin with. deinde: ín (he next place, S 41, rr. 4. — jam

non, $ 41, r1. 2.

5.
4

singulos: one after another.
jurejurando, S 14, rr. 2.

8. colli longitudinem ; a graphie expression for longum
collum.
: 10. quo refers to the act performed by the crane. — pactum,
from pango: which had been agreed. upon.

NOTES — PHZEDRUS. 219

FaAnBLE XI (III. 9).

1. nomen, sc. est.

2. eedis means an apartment, and therefore a temple, which
consists of a single apartment; but the plural means « Aouse,
which consists of several apartments. — fundasset, S 33, rrr. 1.

4, cedo: submit. — cinis, in apposition with ego understood :
when ashes; the expression refers to the custom of burning the
bodies of the dead.

5. e populo, $ 50, rr. end. — nescio quis : somebody or other,
$ 67, 1. 1, note; sc. dixit.

6. The interrogative particle num is omitted, $ 71, r. end.

Fanrz XII (IV. 16).

2. finxit has for obj. the fable which follows. — consolandi,
$ 73, r1. first note.

9. navis, subj. of ccepit, v. 6. ;

4. vectorum: /Aose on board, sailors and passengers.

5. mutatur: this passive is rendered into English by the
neuter verb changes, S 28, 3. :

6. ferri and extollere depend upon ccepit. — flatibus, $ 44,
II. 2.

8. sophus, the Greek oóoor, wise.

9. parce, the adverb; the verb (imperat.) would be parc&.
- 10. miscet, S 49, r. first note.

Fanrz XIII (III. 5).

2. quidam petulans, a saucy fellow.
9. tanto, $ 54, v. end. — melior, sc. es. — assem, a piece of
copper money worth about a cent, $ 84.
4. mehercule: scan, m'ercule.
5. possis, $ 69, note; unde is a relative adverb —a quo,
having for its antecedent eum understood, obj. of monstrabo.
6. venit: is coming.
. 9. spes fefellit, etc. : Aope failed ; i. e., his impudence failed in
its hopés.
10. cruce, S 50, rv. 2, note.
FaBLE XIV (I. 24).
9. magnitudinis, objective genitive after invidia,
5. an: whether. — bove, than the ox (S 54, v.).

220 LATIN READER.

7. negarunt — negaverunt, $ 33, rr. 1. This word is used
for dico non: say no.
8. Quis: uter, which of. the two, would be more correct. —
bovem, sc. esse majorem.
9. novissime: aí last, S 41, r.
10. corpore, 3 54, x. — jacuit: fell dead.

FanBLE XV (I. 2).

1. Athenee, Athens: many names of towns in Latin are plural,
and take a plural verb; but in English they require a singular verb.

2. miscuit: mixed up or disturbed.

4. factionum partibus, $ 50, r. 3: when party factions were
formed (abl, absolute).

5. Pisistratus: a tyrant of Athens, m.c. 560. The word tyrant
meant merely wsurper, and did not imply oppressive or harsh rule.
Pisistratus was, on the whole, a mild and popular ruler; but
his sons were less discreet, and were expelled by a revolution
(n.c. 510), when the government of Athens became a democracy.

6. Attici: Attica was the country belonging to Athens.

7. quia and quoniam, $ 43, 6.

8. insuetis: dative after grave.

9. rettulit: the t is doubled in order to make the e long ; see
$ 78, 1., note.

12. compesceret, $ 64, r.

14. quod refers to tigillum. — vadis, $ 51, rr.

16. diutius: a good while, S 17, v. 2.

18. explorato, $ 72, 1.: after serutinizing the king.

20. supra governs lignum ; by poetical usage, it here follows
the word it governs.

29. rogantes: i.e. messengers.

29. esset, S 63, r.; its subj. is is understood.

26. fugitant, $ 36, rri. — inertes: /he fools.

27. Mercurio: Mercury was the messenger of the gods.

28. afflictis, $ 51, v. — contra, an adverb: in reply.

30. cives, $ 53. — ait, sc. ZEisopus.

FanrE XVI (V. 5).
labi: go astray.
. pro, ete. : while they defend the error of their judgment.
. poenitendum, $ 73, 1v. — agi depends upon solent. -
. cunctos, a contraction of conjunctos: all together.

Cx eo to n

NOTES-—PHZEDRUS. 22I

6. quisque is subj. of posset, but the English idiom requires
that it should be connected with ostenderet: tAat each should show
what novelty he could.

7. laudis limits certamina.

8. sale: salí —1it ; urbano sale: neaí wit.

10. prolatum foret ( — esset), $ 67, rr.

11. civitatem, used as a collective noun: £Ae citizens.

12. Paullo ante qualifies vacua.

. 13. constitit, S 57, uir. first note.

14. adjutoribus, $ 54, x.: render with no assistants.

15. ipsa: very or mere, $ 20, rr. near the end.

16. sinum: the pallium was a Greek garment, like a large
shawl; it hung in loose folds over the breast, forming a kind of
bag, called sinus, bay.

17. sua, sc. voce.

- 18. verum, sc. porcellum. — pallio, $ 51, v.

19. excuti, sc. pallium, S 67, 1. end. — simul, sc. atque: as
*S00n a8.

2]. prosequuntur: i.e., as he leaves the stage.

26 derisuri, S 64, v. 5.

98. plausus: used for the singular, applause, because it ex-
presses many acts.

29. sese, $ 52, vr. — vestimentis, $ 54, 1.

30. quod refers to porcellum obtigere: as in fact he did.

31. latens: wundiscovered.

32. vero, $ 51, r. (dat. com. et incom.) : of a real pig , see v. 18.

Fanrr XVII (II. 8).

2. venatorum, S 44, rr. 1; subjective genitive.

5. Hic, adverb. — latenti, sc. cervo.

6. cucurreris, S 63, rr.

7. spiritum : breath — life.

8. vos: you at least, S 49, rr.

9. occasione data: when an opportunity is given.
10. vices: /Àe turn, or change. — excipiunt: follows.
14. Nec ille, etc.: «nd he, too, saw nothing.

15. quietis: i.e., which had. kept silent. — agere gratias: return
thanks.

17. quidem: /o be sure.

18. ille, subj. of venerit. — venerit, 8 57, i.

222 : LATIN READER.

19. vertetur — will be.
21. corruptos: grown thin. — frondis limits parum, $ 50, ri. 4.
26. familia: slaves.

FanrE XVIII (ArPeNxpix, II. 8).

l. rustici, sc. muris, limits cavo.
2. glande, $ 54, 1. after cenat.
4. rebus, S 54, vr.
9. The fifth foot is a dactyl, -tur rélt. — reliquiis, $ 54, rr. —
perfruuntur, S 57, rrr. second note.
7. Quo agrees with strepitu.
11. Ut — when. — quee refers to ea understood, which is gov-
erned by sustulit.
183. ille: i.e., rusticus.
14. pre metu: for fear.
16. ferculis: /Ae courses at.a meal, i.e., the dishes. — fruamur,
$ 68, 1.
17. rure properly means from the country, but stands here for,
ruri, in (he country ; 8 55, ur. and 3, note. — queeras, $ 60, 9.
18. qui, subj. of nescis.
19. et connects securum and liberum.
20. tutum vivere is subj. of preestat.
21. carpi: £o be worn out.

FABLE XIX (IV. 21).

1. doctus; learned, or, rather, educated.

2. Simonides, one of the greatest of the Greek poets, born in
the island of Ceos, in the sixth century B.C. — egregium, from e
and grex: one out of' the herd, i.e., distinguished. for excellence. —
melos: a Greek noun in the neuter gender; used here for the
plural, songs ; the English word melody is derived from this.

3 sustineret, $ 64, ir. ; depends upon coepit circumire.

4. scan circ'ire. — nobiles, írom nosco: well-known or
famous.

5. canens: we should say, receiving pay for singing. — vic-
torum, ie., in the public games, which were established among
the Greeks, for races, contests of strength, skill, ete. See Hb. $112.

9. quam refers to navem, and is governed by dissolvit.

10. medio, $ 47, vii. ; the middle of the sea.
12. subsidium, $ 46.
18. curiosior: with some curiosity.

NOTES—JULIUS CAESAR. 223

14. mecum, $ 19, end. — pauci: (only) a few.

17. Clazomenee: a city in Asia Minor.

21. absentis, sc. Simonidis. — maximus, $ 17, v. 4.

22. sermone ab ipso: from his very speech. — cognitum,
$ 72, 1.

94. ceteri: the rest of the passengers. — tabulam: shipwrecked
persons used to carry about a picture representing the shipwreck,
and beg alms.

JULIUS CAZESAR.

Caius Julius Caesar was born s.c. 100, and assassinated
B.C 44. Fora general account of his character and of his
Gallic campaigns, see Latin Lessons, p. 73.

The campaigns of Cesar in Gaul lasted through eight
seasons, B.C. 58-51, and are told in eight books (the last
written by Hirtius, an officer of Cesar), each containing the
operations of a single year. "The following is a brief outline
of these campaigns.

IL Cesar checks the attempt of the Helvetians to colonize in
Western Gaul, and forces them, after a bloody defeat, to return
to their own territory (see Latin Lessons). He then engages with
a powerful tribe of Germans, who had made a military settlement
in Eastern Gaul, and drives them, with their chief Ariovistus,
beyond the Rhine.

IL. A formidable conspiracy of the northern populations of
Gaul is suppressed, with the almost complete extermination of the
bravest Belgian tribe, the Nervii, in a battle which seems to have
been the most desperate of all Csesar ever fought. In this
campaign, the coast towns of the west and northwest (Brittany)
are reduced to submission.

IIL. After a brief conflict with the mountaineers of the Alps,
who attacked the Roman armies on their march, the chief opera-
tions are the conquest of the coast tribes of Brittany (Veneti, ete.),
in a warfare of curious aval engineering in the shallow tide-
water inlets and among the rocky shores. During the season, the
tribes of the south-west (Aquitani), a mining population, allied
to the Iberians or Basques, are reduced by one of Cesar's officers.

224 ^ — LATIN READER.

IV. An attack from the Germans on northern Gaul is repulsed ;
and Cesar follows them, by a bridge of timber hastily built, across
the Rhine. Returning, he crosses to Britain in the early autumn,
for a visit of exploration.

V. The partial conquest of Britain (second invasion) is fol-
lowed by various movements in northern Gaul, in which the
desperate condition of the Roman garrisons is relieved by the
prudent and brave conduct of Labienus and Quintus Cicero.

VI. Cesar makes a brief expedition across the Rhine, against
the Germans. Some general disturbances are quelled, and
northern Gaul is reduced to peace.

VII. Vercingetorix, a brave and high-spirited chief of southern
Gaul, effects a conspiracy of the whole country, which is at length
subdued. Vercingetorix, in brilliant equipment, surrenders him-
self, to secure the quiet of the country, and is taken in chains to
Rome, where he is afterwards put to death in Cswesar's triumph.

VIIL Slight insurrections, breaking out here and there, are
easily subdued ; and the subjugation of Gaul is made complete.

It was the custom of Cesar, in the intervals of these
campaigns, to pass the winter in Italy, or to visit his province
of Illyria, keeping himself informed of the political affairs of
Rome, and the movements of Pompey, who held the chief power
there, and was at one time the sole consul. At the close
of the Gallic war, being jealous of Cesar's power, the party
of Pompey required that he should disband his army. This
he refused to do, unless Pompey should make an equal
surrender of military foree. From these demands grew the
suspicion of false play on each side, until the Civil War
broke out (B.c. 49), and Pompey fled to Greece, where he
was defeated the following year at Pharsalia.

The first expedition to Britain was in the fourth year of
Cosars command in Gaul,s.c. 55. "The early part of the
summer was occupied with càmpaigns in Northern Gaul and
Germany. It was known to Cwsar that the Gauls received
aid, or at least sympathy, from their kindred in Britain; he
determined, therefore, although it was too late for a regular
campaign. to pay a visit to the island, of which very little
was known beyond the fact that it was inhabited, like Gaul,

NOTES —JULIUS CZESAR. 229

by Celts. * His object was to obtain a personal aequaintance
with the country, its chiefs and people; to thrust himself in
some way into their affairs, and establish such relations with
them as might afford a convenient pretext for further inter-
ference at a future time." (Merivale.)

The Celts of Southern Britain were of the Cymric branch
of the race, now represented by the remnants of the early
Britons still occupying Wales and Cornwall. It would appear
that the Celts of Belgium and Armorica were also Cymrie ;
while the rest of the Gauls, like the inhabitants of Ireland,
belonged to the Gaelic branch of this race.

PAGE

31. 6. parte, S 54, x.
9. contendit, $ 58, 1. — bellis $ 55, r. — subministrata, sc.

esse, $ 34, rr.

10. inde, i.e. a Britannia.

ll. deficeret, S 57; should be insufficient.

12. usui, $ 51, vir. we should say, of^ great service. — fore has
for its subject the substantive clause si... cognovisset.

13. adisset, 8 57, ur.; $ 58, 1.; we Mou say, should visit.

14. fere does not mean aimost (which is prope), but for the
qosít part.

15. Neque; $ 43, 10 and 11. — temere, without special object.

16. bis ipsis, dat. after notum.

18. Gallias, plural, because of the subdivision into Gallie and
Belgic.—vocatis, $ 72, 3; having called.

19. neque... neque, neither . .. hor. — esset (S 67, 1. 1) de-
pends upon reperire.

21. institutis, S 54, rrr.

22. ad depends upon idonei, $ 51, r., note. — majorum
navium, ie., ships of war, etc.

24. cognoscenda, $ 73, and rv. — facerat, $ 62, 1. 1; before
running any risk. |

27. se refers to the subject of the principal clause, Csesar. —
quam primum, $ 17, v. 5, as soon as possible. —revertatur,
8 70, r.

49). 1. Morinos: the Moríni inhabited Flanders and Artois. just
where Gaul is nearest Britain.

15

226 LATIN READER.

1235. 3. quam classem, $ 48, rrr., 2d. note. — superiore, former.

4. ad, for; the war with the Venéti, who lived on the coast
of Brittany, had been chiefly naval.

5. jubet, 8 68, rrr. sc. classem.

6. per mercatores, $ 54, r. end.

7. polliceantur, $ 64, 1r; polliceantur is here followed by
the pres. inf. ; an unusual construction, see $ 67, ir. and 2.

10. domum, S 55. mr. 2.

11. remittit, $ 57, rt. — Commium; Saulcy is of opinion that
these negotiations were not in good faith, and that CORE
himself had a secret understanding with the Britons.

12. ibi, ie., in Atrebatibus; the Atrebütes were east of the
Morini.

183. quem, S 67, 1. 2.

14. in his regionibus, i.e., Britain.

15. magni, $ 54, ix. 1. — huic, $ 51, ur.

16. possit, S 66, rr. — adeat, 8$ 64, rv. — civitates, $ 52, rr. 1.:

17. fidem, faith, and so a promise of faithful protection; to
follow or accept the protectión of the Roman people; is to submit
themselves to them. — se, 1.e., Csesar.

19. quantum, sc. tantum, $ 22, r, as much as. — ei, to one,
$ 20, rr.

20. auderet, $ 63, rm. (There is a slight reproach in this
subj.).

21. die, $ 55, r.

24. vigilia: the Roman night, between sunset and sunrise, was
divided, for military purposes, into four watches; the third watch
therefore would average 3 A.M. ; at this season, somewhat earlier.
— solvit, sc. naves. Portus Itius, from which the expedition
sailed, is identified by the Emperor Napoleon III. with Boulogne;
by Merivale and Saulcy, with Witsand, a village between Bou-
logne and Calais. Witsand (white sand) was during the middle
ages the chief port of embarcation for England; but its harbor is
now blocked up with sand. 'The name Itius is probably con-
nected with itus — the harbor for transit.

27. esset, $ 62, 1. — hora; the day, between sunrise and sun-
set, was divided into twelve hours; the fourth hour at this season,
would be between 8 and 9 4.M.

30. Cujus, S 48, rv.

91. angustis, i.e., near the shore.

NOTES —JULIUS CZESAR. 221

B3. 2. The tribuni were the regular.commanders of the legion,
six to each legion, holding the command for two months in the
year (Hb. $ 155). "They were originally appointed by the com-
mander, but at this time were partly chosen by the people in the
comitia of the tribes. "The legati were aids of the general, with
no regular command ; but on account of the inexperience of the
tribunes, Casar appointed a legatus to command each legion in
battle (B. G. r. 52), and after this time each legion was regularly
commanded by a legatus.

4. cognosset, $ 66, r. —ut—as, depending on adminis-

trarentur.

5. rei militaris ratio, /he rules of! military science; ratio,
from reor, to calculate, means the process of calculation, and so
the rule or principle reasoned out. — maritimae res, naval tactics.

6. ut cum, since; utis used to strengthen cum.

7. ad nutum et ad tempus form a combined idea, a£ the very
moment of. command.

8. administrarentur, 8 64, 1v. .

10. passuum, $ 18, 3; the passus, pace, was a little under
five feet, so that the thousand paces, or Roman mile, was some-
what shorter than our mile. Hb. 8 187.

11. litore, $ 54, x. — The fleet had at first arrived opposite
Dover; a caleulation of the tides shows that in the afternoon of
this day the tide made for the East; after doubling the South
Foreland, the fleet found itself at the beach of Deal (Merivale).

13. quo genere, i.e., essedariis, those who fought from the
essedum, or two-wheeled war-chariot.

14. copiis; exception to $ 54, rr. Note to ** Accompaniment."

15. nostros, 47, iri. note. — prohibebant, aí(empted io pre-
vent.

16. magnitudinem, $ 54, r. first note.

17. nisi in alto, except in deep water. — militibus, $ 51 vir;
it was necessary for the soldiers to leap down, etc.

18. locis and manibus, 54, x.

20. desiliendum, $ 73, r.

21. hostibus, S 54, rr. third note.

23. conjicerent, S 61, 2.

24. insuefactos, i.e., to going into the water.

-. 25. generis, S 50, rr. 2.
27. uti and utebantur, manifest.

228 LATIN READER.

32. tormentis; the Roman armies carried with them: en-
gines for hurling stones, darts, &c., so efficient that they may be
fairly reckoned as a substitute for modern artillery.

33. quae res, 5$ 48, v.

14. 1. nostris, $ 47, ur. note, and v. note.

9. constiterunt, were checked. — ac, and more than that (S 43,
1). — paulum modo, a very little.

5. qui relates to is understood, subj. of inquit. — aquilam,
the silver eagle, introduced by Marius as standard of the legion;
carried by the chief centurion, or primipilus (Hb. 158).

6. legioni, $ 51, 1. Dativus commodi et incommodi.

7. Desilite, $ 58, rri. — vultis, $ 59, r. rr. and note, rir.

8. certe, S 41, rr. 3.

9. praestitero, $ 57, 111. ; i.e., will be able to say that I have
done my duty.

19. inter se, one another.— universi (uni versi, all turned
into one), all with one accord.

13. proximis primis, //Ae nearest ships of the first line.

14. subsecuti. i.e., those on board.

16. Pugnatum est, /Ae battle was fought, or the fight went on,
$ 39, 5.

18. alius alia ex navi, one from one ship, another from another,
S 47, 1x.

19. quibuscumque, $ 21, I. note; its antecedent is iis (signis)
understood, depending on aggregabat.

26. speculatoria navigia; swift boats, used for exploring and
reconnoitring.

27. quos ... his, 5 48, rri. end. Notice the use of the imperfect
tense through this description, indicating that these circumstances
took place again and again.

28. simul, sc. atque, as soon as, S 43, 9.

90. neque potuerunt, buí were not able.

31. insulam capere, reach the island ; the transports contain-
ing the cavalry had been detained.

M5. 3. The omission of the conjunction et [after miserunt] is

very common. — imperasset stands for imperaverit (fut. perf.)

in Oratio Recta; it becomes plup. subj. by $ 57 (after polliciti

sunt) and $ 67,11. (after facturos esse). — facturos, $ 67, i11. 2.
5. quem, $ 52, v1.

NOTES — JULIUS CZESAR. 229

1. oratoris modo, in the character of' an ambassador.
9. in petenda pace, $ 73, v.

11. ut ignosceretur, sc. iis, (hat pardon should be given them,
$ 51, rrr. second note; ignosco governs the dat. (ut ignosceret
iis), and therefore cannot be used personally in the pass.; ut
ignoscerentur would be bad Latin.

14. intulissent, after quod, $ 63, 1. — ignoscere, sc. se, $ 67,
I. end.

15. imperavit, sc. iis, demanded of them, $ 51, nr. end.— -
quorum, 50, rr. 1.

16. arcessitam, which had to be fetched, $ 72, 1.

21. post...quam, S 56, imn.; it might also be die quarto
postquam; see $ 55, r. note.

23. supra, $ 56, ri. end ; see p. 12.

25. ex superiore portu, the cavalry had sailed from a point
eight miles east of that from which the infantry had started.

27. earum, $ 50, rr. 2. — posset, $ 65, 1r. — aliae ... aliae,
S 22, i1.

29. occasum, $ 56, rr. 1.

30. sui, $ 19, 1r. and irr. ; $ 50, rr. ; £o themselves. — adversa
nocte, $ 54, x., although the night was unfavorable.

329. ut esset, S 70, 1r. ; this full moon has been determined by
astronomical calculations to have been on the night of August 30.

33. aestus; it will be remembered that there are no tides in
the Mediterranean, so that this phenomenon was strange and
appalling to the Romans.

16. 2. transportandum curaverat, had had íhe army con-
veyed.

7. essent, S 63, mr.

11. Neque; it is often best in translating to divide this word
' (— et non), and join the negative with some other word; for on
the one hand there were no other, etc.

1l. possent, $ 65, rv. 2.

13. constabat, if was an established fact; its subjeet is
hiemari... oportere; that of oportere is hiemari in Gallia.

14. his in locis; the preposition often stands after the first word
it governs, when this is a pronoun agreeing with a noun.

20. hoc, $ 54, 1. ; for this reason.

29. factu, $ 74, 11, — duxerunt, íhoughi, has for its subject,
principes.

230 LATIN READER.

24. res has a great variety of meaning in different connections ;
here Ahostilities.

25. inferendi, S 73, rrr. first note.

91. eventu, fate. — ex eo quod, from this (the fact), that.

32. id is subject of fore.

33. suspicabatur, began to suspect.

17. 3. earum, $ 48, ur. top of p. 58.

6. administraretur, S 63, rir.

7. reliquis ... posset, $ 70; a substantive clause governed
by effecit.

9. frumentatum, $ 74, 1, — neque, $ 43, r. note.

10. belli, 8 50, ri. 1.

12. ventitaret, 8 36, rrr.

14. quam consuetudo ferret, (lan was customary.

15. partem, 43, rir.

16. consilii, $ 50, i1. 3; some new design.

17. The cohort was the tenth part of a legion, containing six
hundred men (Hb. 158); one cohort was posted at each of the
four gates of the camp (Hb. 160).

26. dispersos ... occupatos, «while they were scattered, etc.

28. incertis ordinibus, $ 54, x. expressing the reason.

32. equorum, $ 50, r.

33. insinuaverunt, S 57, rjr.

18. 3. ita... ut, in such a way that. — illi, the warriors.
6. preestant, £hey display or unite.
8. incitatos, aí full speed. — brevi, in a moment.

11. rebus, under these circumstances. — nostris, S 51, rr.

18. occupatis, while our men were busy, so that they could not
attend to matters, the country-people [see p. 17, l. 11] left their
homes, and got out of their reach.

20. dies, S 55, r.

21. continerent, $ 65, r. ; such as kept, &c.

25. sui, $ 73, r1. note.

30. The substantive clause ut...effulgerent is in apposition
with idem, which is the subject of fore.

19. 53. spatio, 8 55, rr. end.
10. eequinoctii; the season of the equinox is usually stormy.
15. eosdem quos, /e same as. — reliquee, sc. ceperunt.

NOTES——JULIUS CZESAR. 231I

'The first invasion of Britain was only a reconnoissance ;
the following summer, B.C. 94, Cesar determined upon a
regular invasion of the country. Thé early part of the
season was spent in some unimportant operations, and mean-
while his lieutenants had beeu preparing a strong fleet of
war ships and transports. July 20, according to the Emperor
Napoleon III., he sailed from the Portus ltius ; both starting-
point and landing-place were the same as the year before —
Boulogne or Witsand, and Deal.

21. Africo, the south-west wind blew from Africa to Italy.

24. secutos, following, i.e., àn consequence of.

91. fuit laudanda, $ 40, rr.

98. vectoriis, ablative absolute, although, etc.; long ships of
war were of course swifter than the transports.

9320. 3. que, of which. — octingentee, $ 54, v. note.
9. preesidio, $ 51, vir. — essent, $ 64, r.
10. eo, S 54, r. — navibus, 8$ 51, iv.

19. preesidio, S 51, v.; navibus, 8 51, r. note; deseados on
preesidium ; over the pb for (or of) the ships. — Q., $ 85.

13. milia, S 55, rr.

19. belli, $ 54, 1r. second note. — ut videbatur, as ii seemed.

20. succisis, $ 72, 2; by felling thick timber, so as to make an
abattis.

21. Ipsi rari, a few of them, a few being sufficient.

23. 'The testudo (so called from its resemblance to the she!l of
à tortoise) was formed by a close body of men who held their
shields over their heads, overlapping in such a way, like the
shingles on a roof, as to form an unbroken surface, and an almost
complete protection against the enemy. Under this they were
able to approach very near the enemy's works, and iin on their
own engineering.

26. eos, the soldiers. — longius qualifies prosequi, which
governs fugientes.

30. diei, S 50, end. — tripertito, derived from tres and partio;
the common spelling is tripartito.

33. extremi, £e hindmost of the enemy.

*»10. 4. subsisterent, i.e., as they said, 8 63, r. ; thisis one of the
rare cases in which the imp. subj. may be best rendered could.

232 NOTES —JULIUS CZESAR.

18. viderentur; we should say, it appeared that the vest could,
etc. — fabros: each legion had with it a number of workpeople.

14. Labienus was Czsar's best officer, who had command in
Gaul during Czsar's absence in Britain ; in the civil war he joined
the faction of Pompey.

15. legionibus, $ 54, 1. — sunt: $ 66, we might expect the
indicative by 66, 11. ; but the statement is considered as an inde-
pendent one, not a part of the subjunctive clause.

17. operee, $ 50, 1. 2. — $ 54, ri, end. — commodissimum,
47, 1v. (3).

19. ne...quidem, $ 41, rr. 5.

20. ad, in relation to, or Jor.

27. Cassivellaunus (the Roman orthography for the British or
Welsh Cadwallon) was chief of the tribes about London, and to
the North; his chief city was probably St. Albans. .

29. Huic, $ 51, v.

53:3. 1. connect ipsa with insula, and memoria with proditum.

10. plumbum album, i.e. /in.

15. fas is that which is permitted by the laws of God.

17. quam, $ 17, v. 2. — frigoribus, (Ae seusons of cold.

19. alter, one of the two ; the correlative is inferior.

20. Cant-ium, Kent, the south-east corner of England.

22. Alterum ; Csesar supposed the western coast of England to
be opposite Spain.

24. dimidio, S 54, v. end.

25. pari spatio transmissus, of. an equal length of' passage,
$ 54, ri., — ablative of description or quality.

26. atque, as, following pari, 49, 9.

27. Mona, probably Man;.the same name was given also to
Anglesea.

28. objecta; lying opposite to one, i.e., on the passage.

29. dies; a true report from the high northern latitudes is
ignorantly applied to the Orkney and Shetland Islands.

9l. nisi, except that. — certis ... mensuris, by accurate mea-
surements by the water-clock, or clepsydra.

$93R. 3. maxime, in general.
4. These distances are all considerably more than the air-line.
12. vitro, woad, a plant used for dyeing blue.
14. capillo and parte are abl. of description or quality, $ 54, rr.
18. fuerint, S 57, 1. first note.

NOTES -—JULIUS CZESAR. 233

96. atque iis, and these 100; the first cohort of each legion was
made up of picked men, and stood higher in rank than the others.

27. inter se belongs with intermisso; the object of this close
order was to prevent the essedi from penetrating between the
cohorts. — constitissent, S 61, 2.

29. perruperunt, i.e. the enemy.

30. Q. Laberius Durus, $ 15.

91. submissis, sent up, 1.e., sent as aid.

$924. 1. pro, in front of, not in defence of.

4. esse, were, S 57, 1v.

9. Equestris, etc. ; moreover, the mode of fighting with horses
(i.e., for chariots) brought precisely the same peril upon them
when retreating as well as when pursuing.

11. Accedebat huc ut, besides ; the subject of accedebat is
ut, etc., S 70, rr. ; literally, there was added to this, that.

12. stationes, relays.

13. deinceps exciperent, relieved one after the other.

21. signis legionibusque, i.e., they followed the foragers quite
to the main army.

91. consilio, i.e., of not coming again to a general engagement.

33. atque hoc eegre, and that with difficulty.

$3:5. 2. instructas is here a participle, not an infinitive, $ 34,
II. end. | |
3. preefixis, driven in in front of the bank.

.8. * The swimming and fording of rivers were among the
regular exercises of the Roman legionary. "Ihough immersed up
to his chin in water, he was expert in plying his hatchet against
the stakes which opposed his progress, while he held his buckler
over his head not less steadily than on dry land. Behind him a
constant storm of stones and darts was impelled against the enemy
from the engines which always accompanied the Roman armies
(Merivale).

9. The cavalry did not form a part of the legion, but were
Gallic auxiliaries.

15. servabat, watched. —ex via excedebat, kept out of the
road. -

24. discedi, 8 39, 5; that any one should depart.

26. hostibus, $ 51, rrr. second note. -

29. his, the inhabitants of Kent.

90. castra navalia, see p. 21. — de improviso, unexpectedly.

234 LATIN READER.

$26. 7. extrahi; dragged out, wasted.
8. in annos singulos, each year. — vectigalis, $ 50, rr. 3,
13. deductis, launched.
15. commeatibus, passages.
17. tot navigationibus, ablative absolute, although, ete.

'The passage from the Sixth Book of the Gallie War,
describing the people of Gaul and Germany, is one of the
earliest and most important sources of information in regard

to these races.

«27. 9. redeat, S 64, 1. shall be referred.

10. ne...egerent, $ 70; in apposition with ejus rei.

EB axxtiti $ 50, 1v. 5. — egeret, $ 57, 1. second note.

12. faciat, S 59, 1v. 3.

14. summa, (Ae constitution.

15. The passage omitted speaks of the two great factions of
Gaul, at the head of one of which had stood the /Edui, of the
other the Sequani; in this contest the ZEdui had succeeded in
getting upon their side the decisive influence of Rome.

18. loco, in the position.

19. nullo...consilio, are summoned at no consultation, i.e..
are consulted upon no occasion; in English, the collective noun
common people requires a plural verb. — eere alieno, another's
money, 1.e., debt

29. in hos, over these, i.e., plerique. — dominis (sc. sunt).

23. duobus; see line 17.

95. religiones, the doctrines of religion.

98. eos, the Gauls.

30. admissum, commilted ; à frequent meaning of this word.

32. si qui, $ 21, rrr. end ; the usual form would be quis, when
used without a noun, $ 21, rr.

33. decreto, 8 54, r, ín accordance with their decision. —
sacrificiis, $ 54, vr. sc. eos, they forbid them the sacrifices.

$38, 5. incommodi limits quid.

12. Carnütum, a tribe south-west of Paris, in the neighbour-
hood of Chartres and Orleans ; this part of France abounds at the
present day in druidical remains.

16. Brittannia; this is taken as a proof of the Cymric origin
of Druidism. — reperta, $ 67, 1v. 1; it might equally well be
disciplinam repertam esse.

NOTES —JULIUS CZESAR. 235

29. immunitatem, freedom from burdens (munus — burden).

23. preemiis, privileges.

27. litteris mandare, commit to writing. — cum, although.

98. rationibus, relations.

30. in vulgus efferri, /o be divulged to the public.

31. velint, S 63, 1.; it is the consideration which led to
ínstituisse. — litteris confisos, by írusting to documents.

$29). 1. hoc, 51, rrr. end (sc. iis) ; persuade them of this.
2. ab aliis, etc. ; this is the doctrine of metempsychosis, or
the transmigration of souls.
4. maxime excitari, S 67, rv. 2, that there is the chief
incitement to virtue. j
11. uti... propulsarent, in apposition with quod.
13. versantur, occupy or devote themselves.
14. ambactos; this word is perhaps of Celtie origin, and
means retainers.
23. reddatur, 8 66, rr.
90. sint, $ 69, note. ;
33. Deum, $ 10, 6. — Mercurium; i.e, the god who pos-
sessed the attributes of the Roman Mercury ; his Gallie name was
Teutates.

330. 8. initia, t^e first knowledge.

16. auderet, S 57, rrr. end.

18. ab Dite patre, $ 54, vir. note; Dis is usually identified
with the Greek Pluto, the god of the lower world; it is à curious
fact that both words mean rich.

19. Ob eam causam; because the race came from the dark
lower world into the light.

21. noctium; as in our forínight, sennight. — finiunt, limit,
and so reckon.

30. communicant, //ey join with or add to.

31. conjunctim, etc., & joint account is kept. — fructus, the
interest.

32. utriusque, possessive genitive.

251. 1. vite, etc. ; this was also the case. in Rome.

4. de uxoribus, etc., hey examine their wives after the man-
nér of slaves ; 1.e., by torture.

5. compertum est, impersonal, if. anything is proved.

7. pro, considering.

236 LATIN READER.

9. supra hauc memoriam, Biefaré our day.

11. justis, complete; i.e., this was necessary to the complete-
ness; translate, £o render their funeral rites complete.

14. sanctum, established, 1.e., the clause which follows.

15. re publica, public affairs.— rumore aut fama, vague
rumor or definite report.

20. quee visa sunt; what it seems good, sc. occultare.

22. per consilium, in (he way of a regular assembly.

24. 'This paragraph is taken from Book rv. ch. 5.

91. quorum, $ 50, iv. 3. — in vestigio, aí once.

3333. 7. ab parvulis, from boyhood.
9. inter suos, among their companions.

14. The joint proprietorship of land, here described, with its
annual distribution, finds its analogies in India, Russia, and other
countries of the Aryan race (See Maine's Anc. Law. ch. viu.)

17. quantum ... agri; how much land and in what locality.

19. The true cause is probably that the property belonged to
the clan, not to individuals.

20. gerundi, $ 1; top of p. 2. — agricultura, for agriculture ;
the ablative is the usual construction with verbs of changing.

21. parare, acquire.

23. vitandos, $ 47, rr. (1).

27. The name of the Suevi is generally supposed to mean «ean-
dering (sway back and forth); from it is derived the modern
Swabia (Baden and Würtemberg). — The two paragraphs which
follow are from the first and second chapters of the Fourth Book.

29. singula, 18, rr. 1.

&eb. 4. partem, $ 52, 1v., in greatest part.
7. officio, S 54, r., render, accustomed to.
8. omnino, with negatives, means a£ all. —faciant, S 63, 1. ;
it is the explanation given of the word libertate.
10. adduxerunt, $ 27, r1. 3.
13. et corresponds to neque above. — lavantur, 3d. conj. here.
14. eo, $ 54, r., for this reason.
16. Quin etiam, nay even.
18. pretio, $ 54, 1x.
20. summi laboris, capable of, etc., 8 50, 1. 2.
33. expulsos agrees with finitimos, which is subj. of cedere.
— virtutis, $ 50, rrr. 4.
17. rerum limits fides ; confidence in. respect to all oen. ete.

NOTES —QUINTUS CURTIUS. 237

334. 3. Tacitus in his Germania (ch. vir.) says: * Reges ex
nobilitate, duces ex virtute inruunt." In ch. xr. he speaks
more in detail of the power of the principes.

12. qui, ete., **«ho wish to follow, let them gpwesent them-
selves," $ 67, 1t. 1. "Tacitus, ch. xiii., describes this custom of
personal attachment to a chief, which was one of the principal
elements of the feudal system.

20. sanctos, inviolable.

26. The Hercynian Forest was the general name for the
mountain region of Swabia, Thuringia, and Bohemia, which
separates the waters of the Danube from those of. the North Sea -
and Baltic.

32. Provinciee, i.e., Gallia Transalpina, the modern Prosánor
and neighboring provinces.

Seb. 2. ipsi, the Gauls; illis, the Germans.

4. expedito, for one with no tncumbrance, i.e., a good walker;
at the present day, distances are measured in Switzerland, and
often in Germany, by Ahours, not miles.

8. recta regione, along the course.

12. hujus Germaniee, i.e., which we are acquainted with.
17. prodenda, deserving to be, etc.
19. Probably a hearsay description of the reindeer.
^95. alces — eíks ; the Latin c was probably sounded like &
26. varietas, i.e., the changes at different seasons.
297. mutile refers to the blunted horns of these animals.
$336. 3. summa species, every appearance.

6. uri; from these the Swiss canton of Uri 1s thought to have
taken its name, as Bern did from the bear.

T. specie, $ 54, rr.; the limiting genitive tauri serves the
purpose of an adjective.

11. adolescentes, 36, r., while growing up.

15. mansuefieri, S 37, vir. end.

18. ab labris, around the rims.

QUINTUS CURTIUS RUFUS.

The precise date of the life of Quintus Curtius is not
known; but it is supposed that he lived in the first century
after Christ: he was probably a rhetorician, who selected the

238 LATIN READER.

career of Alexander as a suitable subject for a piece of com-
position. Asa history his work has little value; but from
the grace and brilliancy of its style it has always been a.
favorite. 'The first two books are wanting ; the third com-
mences with the year B.C. 333, when Alexander, after his
vietory on the Granicus, is about to push on against the
Persian empire.

The period of Grecian glory under the supremacy of

Athens, Sparta, and Thebes was past. Philip of Macedon,
father of Alexander, had overthrown the liberty of Greece
in the battle of Charonea, s.c. 338, and was about to take
up anew the old hereditary war against Persia, when he was
assassinated (B.c. 336), and succeeded by his son Alexander,
then a youth of twenty years. Alexander, who had genius
and spirit, at once took up "his father's plans. In 834 he
gained a victory over Darius on the river Granicus, and
then advanced through Asia Minor. Early the next year,
he entered Cilicia; and now Darius abandoned his defensive
policy, left his advantageous position in Mesopotamia, and
advanced to meet the invader. "This change of policy proved
his ruin, as it would have been easy to prevent Alexander
from crossing the mountains which separate Cilicia from
Syria. The following extract begins with the entrance of
Alexander into Cilicia.
Q7. 8. Castra Cyri, $ 46. — $ 52, mi. (3). The name of this
place is analogous to English names like Leicester, Winchester, in
which the root is Castra, and which date from the Roman occu-
pation of Britain. Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Em-
pire, overthrew Croesus B.c. 546.

11. ab aditu, $ 54, vi. note.

19. munimenta, object of imitante, which is abl. abs.

15. Memnon was the best general of Darius, and the originator
of his former defensive policy: he had just died, — an irreparable
loss to the King.

19. fuit, i£ would have been, S 59, note.

25. vindicare debuerat, he ought to have defended ; as we can-
not form any past tense of ought, we are obliged to use the per-
fect infinitive in English; $ 57, 1v., note.

NOTES---QUINTUS CURTIUS. 239

Q8. 1. vel, even.

3. cum, $ 43, has here something of a causal force, and takes
the subjunctive; render, rising from the sea.

4. cornu, sharp point.

6. mari cedit, i/ reíreats from the sea.

8. eadem, i.e., Cilicia, sc. est.

12. tractu, current. — puro, clean. — quippe, since; this use
of quippe for quoniam, is very common in Curtius and other late
writers. | i

15. multa, etc. ; we should say, pleasant banks.

19. sedes, positions ; Thebes, $ 9, 5.; in app. with urbium.
— Typhon, a fire-breathing monster of mythology.

339. 1. ipsos, the archers; they were to be as cautious as if
actually engaged in battle.

2. Tarson: $ 10, 1. — tum maxime, jusí at that time.

8. Mediam, sc. urbem, $ 47, vin.

10. aliam agrees with oram; Ciliciee limits oram understood.
— vapore, the steaming heat, or sulíriness.

14. decorum agrees with the clause si... contentum.

16. cultu seems to refer to the bath, which is contrasted with the
luxurious baths of the Romans ; a simple and easily prepared care
of ihe body : (Crosby.) It is sometimes referred to his clothing.

17. ingressi, sc. regis; this genitive limits artus.

31. Quem, subject of daturum, $ 67, rr. 2.

83. penetrarent, 8$ 61, 2.

40. 5. sui, $ 50, m. 2.

11. in Ciliciam ; the acc., because motion is implied in fore.

13. sibi,.S 51, r. note. — manibus, $ 51, v. end. —

16. articulo, juncture.

19. provocor, challenged. — superbas ; ** in which he ordered
them to bring the mad son of Philip to him alive and in chains."
Crosby.

20. fortunam, etc. ; lad my fate in counsel with him ; i.e., took
counsel with it.

21. licet, S8 39, 1. — arbitrio meo, 5y my own power.

28. coepere, S 49, r. end.

90. injuria, unjustly, S 54, rr. note.

31. a latere ipsius, from his own side, i.e., some among his fol-
lowers.

240 Er LATIN READER.

33. daturum se is the subject of pronunciari, depending on jus-
serat; this statement is hardly in. keeping with the amiable char-
acter of Darius.

A1. 6. puero comes, $51, r. note ; his companion when a 5er.

— ut, as.
8. non preeceps sed strenuum, not violent, but powerful.
15. id ipsum, even (is ; i.e., quod... sumpturus esset.

16. sumpturus esset, $ 66, r. — $ 40.

18. purpuratorum ; (he courtiers, clothed in the royal purple.
22. in utramque partem, on either side of the question.

24. perseverem, S 60, 3.

25. datum fuerit, S 57, r. end.

27. At, 8 43, 2

92. assumpto, having passed.

/4*9. 10. ab isto ore; i.e., as depending upon thy life.

ll. isto, $ 22, rr. — parricidii; 1.e., because the King is the
father of his country ; the same word is applied to the murder of
any near relative, or to treason to one's country.

. 15. laxa animum, relieve your mind. — sollicitudine, $ 44, rr.

19. permisissent, S 59, rv. 2.

20. animum, disposition, 1.e., towards you. — alio, sc. modo.

27. interclusus etc.; his breath was obstructed.

32. matris, $ 50, rv. 1; eum is omitted.

AB. 93. exspectatione, $ 54, v.
8. grates habebant, expressed thanks,

11. utique, especially. — vel, whether it was that, S 43, 3.

21. artibus, /he training or education. — Darius was at this
time in Mesopotamia, where he had intended to await the advance
of Alexander; but, having changed his plan after the death of
Memnon, he moved into Syria.

26. celeritate, sc. tanta. — grave, wnwieldy.

27. eo, i.e., its banks.

31. cujus, $ 54, rrr. note. — $ 50, rv. 6.

AA. 1. otium, a halt.

3. ZEsculapius was the god of healing: Alexander showed his
confidence in his own fortune, by instituting games to him, instead
of to the god of war. :

6. tractus ejus, of. that section. — suee facta ditionis, were
reduced under his power, S 50, 1. ; note; sc. esse. D

NOTES— QUINTUS CURTIUS. 241

9. alteris castris, 5; a second day's march.

14. quoque, 8 41, rr. 1.

17. idem (ie., Parmenio) et — af cnce.

20. utrum ....an, $ 71. i.; the double form utrumne is
hardly found, except in poetry.

23. preelio; the usual spelling is with ce. Darius was in Syria,
with à great superiority in numbers, as well as position; for his
army consisted largely of cavalry, for which this broad plain gave
great advantages. If the Greeks waited where they were, on the
other hand, the Persians would be able to bring no larger forces
into battle than they themselves, on account of the narrowness
of the ground.

26. circumiri, S 52, rr. 2. — ancipiti, on two sides.

28. vincerentur, $ 64, irr. ; the non does not belong with ne,
but corresponds to sed.

Ae). 1. sede, abl. of price; we should say, had exchanged his
native home for exile; see note on p. 32, 1. 20.
7. nobilitate, S 54, rv.
8. literas; the singular means a letter of the albe. the plu-
ral an epistle, writings, or literature. :
12. initi, $ 72, 2; of having entered. upon.
193. redderetur, S 62, rr. 3.
14. eam, subject of dari. — sigillo, 8 54, x.
18. jussu, S 13, 4 ; such nouns are most often used in acc. or abl.
24. damnaret, $ 57 ; in oratio recta, this would be si damnet,
by. 3 59, 1v. 1.
28. fidem, sc. esse.
29. velle, sc. Graecos.
30. diversa, 4o the enemy. — commissum, sc. ibi.
93. futuros, in order that they might be: S 64, v. 5.

4G. 1. sanctus, holy (not sacred), conscientious. — negat is
generally used for a negative assertion; Darius declares that he
will not ; or, refuses, etc.
4. Sibi, $ 51, rrr. end and 1v. — crediturum, $ 67, rr. 2.
5. imbuisset, $ 57, rrr. — neminem, subject of debere.
6. capite, 8 50, rv. 2, end.
9. fidei, $ 50, r. 2. — haberi, sc. eum, $ 48, rir. note.
11. ipsum quidem, /e for his part.
13. Fama, etc., wars depend upon rumor.
18. servato ... more: if (he custom of the ancestors were kept.
16

242 LATIN. READER.

20. obtulerint, $ 66, r. : who [as they asserted ], etc.
21. regem, i.e., Alexander. — sua, i.e., of Darius.
30. verius, S 47, vir.

A4 7. 60. relicta, 5 10, 2. — fugerent, 8 65, rr. : were flying, not
would fly: the Persians had made a flank movement past the
Maeedonians, and taken the town of Issus, which Alexander had
just left.

8. excepti, left behind.

19. adesset, sc., utrum, $ 71, rr. note.

22. campis, $ 55, ni. 5.

24. cum: although. —incondita: undisciplined.

27. leetus decernendum esse: glad that he was to fight. —
quod, as; a relative, referring to the clause that follows.

32. nec injuria: and not without reason.

33. esset, $ 57, v.: we should say Aow fickle she is.

A48. 2. majora, sc., esse. — periculis, $ 54, v.

3. sicut dubium esset: as i/ was doubtful, S 66, 1. —an:
this use of an for utrum, in a single dependent question, is not
common in prose.

4. cum magna laude, S 54, rr. first note.

6. vigilia: see note on p. 12, l. 24.

10. The tuba was a long straight horn, with a harsh sound,
used for infantry.

13. The stadium, or distance marked out for foot-races, was a
Greek measure, of about one eighth of a mile.

14. The agmen (from ago, $ 44, rrr. 3) is the army marching ;
acies, the line of battle. — Alexander was now retracing his steps
towards Issos, and each army was facing towards its own country.

17. etiam, sc., eos, subj. of occurrere.

18. non mediocris: immoderate; this is the figure called
litótes, by which a thing is affirmed by denying its opposite.

21. discurrentium, i.e., to give orders and take their positions.
49. 2. destinata, $ 47, rv. (1).

11. milibus, $ 46; it cannot agree with peditibus ($ 18, r. 3).

12. For the Macedonian phalanx see Hb. 121; it was the most
famous military order that ever existed, for compact and concen-
trated force. |

17. assueta; this verb may be followed by the dative, or by
the ablative of means — practised in the office of. body-guard.

18. Hyrcania was east, Media south of the Caspian Sea.

NOTES-——QUINTUS CURTIUS. 243

29. Quicquid, sc., lo
24. stabant, rested on.

e. 5. etipsi /hese also.

10. illi the barbarians towards the mountains, opposed by the
Agrianians.

14. quod is subj. of incesseretur, depending on timuerat ne.

17. ** At first the breadth of practicable road was so confined
as to admit only a narrow column of march, with the cavalry fol-
lowing the infantry ; presently it widened, enabling Alexander to
enlarge his front, by bringing m successively the divisions of the
phalanx." Grote.

24. major exercitus numero: louder than the numbers would
warrant.

25. circumjecta, $ 47, ri. (2).

28. suspensi, erhausted.

eB. 3. olim may refer either to past or to future time — either,
they who had once freed the world [a hyperbolical allusion to
the Greek wars of freedom], and whose gods, Hercules and. Bac-
chus, had traversed wide regions; or, that they would mow free
the world, and. make their way to the limits which these gods had
once reached. 'The latter appears to be Crosby's interpretation,
and is perhaps best, although there is certainly an inconsistency
between liberatores and imposituros jugum.
9. gladio, $ 54, vir.

10. The umbo, boss, was a metallic point projecting
centre of the shield.

11. The Athenians and Beotians had been vanquished by Alex-
ander's father, Philip, in the great battle of Chzeronea, five years
before: B.c. 338.

19. Boeotiee and urbis (i.e., Thebes) both limit species. -

19. The invasion of Darius was n5.c. 490, that of Xerxes in 480.
The Persian kings sent ambassadors to Greece, demanding of each
city earth and water, as symbols of absolute submission.

22. ruinis, from ruo: 5y tearing down.

94. rapto: upon what they stole.

27. Irent, 8 67, r1. 1; in oratio recta it would be ite; for the
tense, see $ 57. — feminis, $ 51, v. note.

33. decernere, $ 68, rr. The oriental nations excelled greatly
in eavalry, which was the weak point of the Greeks and Romans.
The battle upon the Greek left was vigorously contested.

244 LATIN READER .

$93. 2. dextrum: can this mean levum? We have seen
(p. 50, 1. 10) that the enemy had been driven on Alexander's right.
8. conjungi, $ 23, 3.
9. ipsi, i.e., the troops of Parmenio, on the left centre.

12. simul, sc. atque, 5$ 43, 9.

15. Fighting at a distance, with arrows, javelins, etc., was
called eminus (e-manus); with the sword, cominus. . It will
be remembered that.the Greek inercenaries of Darius were upon
this wing, towards the sea, so that ** Greek met Greek."

90. dimicarent, S 61, 1.

27. Alexander is-here described as making for Darius himself,
in the centre of the line; but the romantic details given here by
Curtius are not substantiated by the best authorities.

28. opimum, in allusion to the spolia opima, Hb. 56.

69. 29. in parcissimis, one of a few.
6. similis ruinee, as if they had been swept down.
9. adverso corpore, in front.

27. in illud cornu: on hat wing ; the fight had been severe at
this point, until Darius himself fled. Meanwhile, the Thessalians,
on the Greek left, had likewise succeeded in putting their antago-
nists to flight.

298. serie laminarum, plate armor.

30. agmen moliebantur, formed into column.

eA. 1. utrimque, on both wings.
8. partibus; the plural, partes, often means party, side.
10. haud sane, etc., i.e., in good order.
12. qua, $ 55, 1v.
90. quibus, $ 51, v. note. —quo: in proportion as ; understand
eo with violentius, S 54, v. end.
. 96. impotentis (sc., sui, powerless over itself) : arrogant.
30. ita very frequently is used with ut following; it need not
be translated at all.
31. ut...exciperent, $ 70 and rr.
33. semet; met is an emphatic addition, 8$ 19, rir. end.

OO. 1. illa, the former; heec, the latter: $ 20, rr.

11. decóris, from decor (not decóris, from decus).— veris
quondam is contrasted with tunc alienis.

13. calamitatis, S 50, rv. 1.

9]. im endio, $ 54, 1x. — stetit: cost.

NOTES — QUINTUS CURTIUS. 248

295. assueverat, was intimate.
32. pavoris, panic ; fear is timor, dread, metus.

36. 10. Sardis, $ 11, r. 2. — primo, $ 41, rr. 4.
17. The subj. of nuntiari is missum se a rege.
18. actum est means if is all over.

21. possent, 5 63, rr.

28. Itaque, S 43, 5.

31. officio, S 54, rrr.

33. apparatu: in respect to the splendor.

ed. 5. haberi, /o be rendered. '
6. sepeliret, $ 64, 1v., after permitti. y
7. pro habitu, in a manner suited to the condition.

11. justis, regular or due ceremonies.

14. ** It is certain (from the extract now remaining of this letter
[written by Alexander after the battle]) that he never saw, nor
ever entertained the idea of seeing, the captive wife of Darius,
said to be the most beautiful woman in Ásia; moreover, he even
declined to hear encomiums upon her beauty." (Grote.)

17. et hic; referring to their close intimacy.

31. vellem, S 60, 2, note.

SS. Within three years after the battle of Issus, the empire
of Darius was utterly overthrown, and he himself was
assassinated. Alexander was now at the height of human
power; but, in becoming an Asiatie sovereign, he lost the
generous and noble qualities of his youth, and became a
passionate and treacherous tyrant. His treatment of his
early friend, Clitus, the brother of his nurse, in B.c. 228, is
an illustration of this change of character. llis army had
penetrated far to the east of. the Caspian Sea, to Maracanda,
the modern Samarecand.

8. receptacula, $ 46, in apposition with turres.

9. eetatibus, generations ; 8 55, 1. 2.

12. Lysimachus was one of the generals of Alexander, who
divided his empire after his death; he became king of Thrace.

14. quo, i.e., Lysimachus.

15. adjecit, added. — tam, as well.

91. Nam, $ 43, 4. |

24. crediderim, $ 60, note, and 2... .

246 —— . /LATIN READER.

26. defunctus erat, $ 61, 2, note. — scivere, decreed.
31. Maracanda, a neuter plural.

99. 1. provinciam; this was the important satrapy of Sogdiana.
2. The battle on the river Granicus was the first great victory
gained by Alexander over the Persians, p.c. 334.
5. bellicis 8$ 44, iv. 2.

10. in posterum,. for the next day.

18. gravis, offensive.

16. Chaeroneam ; see note on p- 91, l. 11. — operis ; /he result
of his labors.

17. sibi, from him; dative of disadvantage, $ 51, r. note.

29. It would appear that while Alexander was away upon this
expedition, Philip visited the island ef Samothrace, famed for the
peculiar and mysterious rites of the Cabiri, and was initiated into
their mysteries, initia.

G9. 2. cubabant; this refers to the custom of reclining at meals :
they leaned upon the left elbow, and the neighbor towards whom
any one's face was turned was said to be infra eum.

9. Euripides was a great tragic poet of Athens, of the fifth
century, B.C.

12. preesentibus, i.e., the exploits of Alexander.

14. quis refers to ea understood, object of audiret; this form
of the dative and ablative is frequent in later writers.

17. remittente, sc. eo; ablative absolute.

19. Parmenio, the general of Alexander who had done such good
service in the battle of Issus, had been shortly before assassinated
by the king's order. — de, over.

21. animi prava contentione, a violent outbreak of temper;
he had long concealed his indignation at the insolence and injus-
tice of Alexander.

24. arbitrium agis, pass judgment; here he contrasts himself
with the flatterers of Alexander. — preecipuum, sc. preemium.

28. sortitas, Aaving obtained by lot ; i.e., possessing.

32. heesuros fuisse, S 67, 1r. 2, note.

61. 1. Alexander, King of Epirus, brother of Olympias, the
mother of Alexander the Great, erossed over into Italy n.c. 332,
and fought against the Samnites, etc. ; he was assassinated in 326.
7. eum, Clitus; sibi, Alexander; semetipso, Clitus.
13. Observe the taunt in the words pectore and tergum.

NOTES — QUINTUS CURTIUS. 247

16. Attalus was an officer of Philip, uncle of his wife Cleopatra ;
he was assassinated by Alexander's order shortly after his acces-
sion to the throne.

17. In his expedition to Egypt, 5.c. 331, Alexander had visited
the famous oracle of Jupiter Ammon, and obtained assurance that
he was the son of this god. — assereret, $ 66, r.

18. se, Clitus; patrem, Zeus (Jupiter).

21. olim, for some time.

97. Ptolemsus was afterwards King of Egypt; Perdicecas was
the officer to whom Alexander gave his ring on his death-bed,
and who was guardian of his infant son, until killed in a mutiny.

633. 10. jam non, $ 41, ii. 2.
16. ingeniis, $ 51, rv.
17. perpendimus, $ 70, rv.
21. abusum agrees with virum, subject of occisum.
26. paulo ante qualifies convivee, $ 47, 111. end.
33. Laniare, S 49, rij.

63. 4. num, $71, 1.

5b. subit; i6 occurs to him.— Làüber (Bacchus) had been
offended by this slight.

19. bestie, $ 51, vrrr. — alias ...alias; sometimes . . . at other
times, S 22, r1.

17. pro mea gloria, $ 51, r. third rem.

19. omnibus ejus, $ 51, v. ; all her friends.

22. sine memoria, without putting her in mind.

30. puderet, 8 64, rr.

31. prohibituri, $ 59, rr. note ; and they would have, etc.

During the year which followed, Alexander pursued his
eonquests in the East, and in the spring of 5.c. 326 entered
India, crossed the river Indus, and arrived on the banks of
the Hydaspes, now the Jelum. |

GA. 58. gravioribus quam, etc., £oo heavy to be shot.

15. diffusus; this word, with elisus below, takes the gender
of amnis Hydaspis, implied in flumen, — the masculine, imply-
ing tlíe vigor and force of the living stream.

17. Nec impetum ocoercebat, nor did it check iis swiftness,
as might have been expected. :

19. elisus, wit. broken course ; rapids.

23. de industria irritatee, purposely made furious.

248 LATIN READER.
25. pectora is obj. of percusserant, and se of experta.
91. parvee rei discrimine, 5y (he test of. a slight skirmish.

695. 4. partium, of their iribe; see note on p. 54, l. 8.
6. Notice the tenses; transnavere simply states a past action,
tenebat describes the condition of the island.
18. eadem, aiso, — tegendis, S 73, rir.
19. ripa, 8 54, vr.: the common usage would be a ripa.
22. opportunitatis, $ 50, rrr.
93. eequalem, i.e., in age.
G6. 1. utique, a! least.
7. in regionem, £o the neighborhood.
14. momento, S 55, r. 2.
17. nox, darkness; ceelo, the sky.
31. humani ingeni, by a weakness of. human nature.

G7. 5. The shield-bearers were to protect the archers.
20. effusis habenis, af full gallop.
32. movebantur, sc. the elephants.

Q8. 2. gestantes, sc. id.

5. illo, ie., Hercules, who had visited India among other
places.

18. There is some confusion here and below between right and
left; asit reads, both Alexander and Cenus attacked the ene-
my's left.

22. invehemini; the future is used here, as is frequently the
case, as nearly equivalent to an imperative, like sha/? in English.

27. in suos acrius furit, i£ is more dangerous to iís own side.

G9). 4. statuerunt, they have rested, $ 577, ru.
6. molientes ictus, preparing to shoot.

10. jungere, depends upon jubebant.

12. in medium, in common.

21. concursatione, in a sudden attack.

28. manu, iis írunk.

29. super se, over their heads.

31. in multum diei, until late in the day.

33. copidas; copis, a Greek word for sword or scimitar.
40. 3. Itisquestioned whether mortis and supplicii limit quid-
quam or timor; probably it is best to connect them with timor;
** nor did their fear, not only of death, but of fresh torments in
death, leave anything untried" in self-defence.

NOTES — QUINTUS CURTIUS. 249

11. expositus, exposed, i.e., being left alone, as well as by his
conspicuous size.

17. fluentibus, relaxed.

23. regis, in appos. with Taxilis; Taxiles was an Indian king,
' who had allied himself with Alexauder.

Y71. 23. resistentibus, $ 51, rrr. second remark.

18. malum, a kind of oath, £he mischief ! :

19. rerum mearum, of my power; belli, in war; an example
of two genitives, subjective ànd objective, limiting the same word,
fame.

20. in deditos, follows clementiee.

18. Curtius here differs from Arrian, who says (v. 19, 1), that
Porus answered: *that you treat me like a king."

493. 1. cegrum, while sick.
2. contra spem, belongs with confirmatum.
4. regno, 8 51, ri. end.
6. simplicius, more impartially.

After the victory over Porus, Alexander desired to push
on to the Ganges, but was dissuaded by the reluctance of his
soldiers, and the unfavorable character of the omens; he
therefore followed the Indus down to its mouth, and then re-
turned to the west.

17. pecorum, S 50, r. 3.

18. amnis ($ 50, ri.), after peritis.

19. enatam, produced by alluvial deposits; the delta of the
Indus.

20. socordius asservati, £oo carelessly watched.

26. omnium, for omnium locorum or rerum; an exception
to S 47, 1v. 1, note.

4:À. 1. ipsos for se; quite common in Curtius.

18. quo ($ 54, v. end), in proportion as.

20. flumini, dat. after mixtum; adhuc qualifies leni.

22. evecti, carried past.

24. securi, regardless.

26. vice, $ 14, 1. 3; the dwellers on the Mediterranean were
not accustomed to tides: see note on p. 15, l. 33.

31. cernere videbantur, //Aey supposed they discerned.

250 | LATIN READER.

44. 1. The ships had been drawn up on land, according to the
eustom of the ancients.
5. prohibebant; i.e., by pushing with poles, they prevented
the oars from being used. :
9. non receperant, were not able o contain, governs mentes.
14. opis, 5$ 14, rr. 1.
. 19. duorum, sc. exercituum.
.99. ad manus, £o blows.
27. subsederant, had been J'ormed, existed.
91. magno tractu, with a strong movement.
93. destituta, /e/? aground.

79. 95. Miles, the singular for the plural; z/ie soldiery.
4. preesentibus, etc., /(hings more terrible than these, which
Should. follow. :
8. eestum relaturum [esse] depends upon ignari.
10. Beluee: it is hard to guess what beasts these can have
been; the story is no doubt a rhetorical flourish.
29. mirabundi, S 44, v. 1.
32. occuparet, fake advantage of.
33. os, governed by evectus, $ 52, uir.

46. 29. locorum, the land.
4. altero, /he second.
8. remedio, S 51, vir.
20. The paragraph that follows is taken from the tenth book,
chap. r.; the intervening passages describe the land march of
Alexander to Carmania, upon the Persian Gulf.
22. queedam, etc., some things by hearsay, others from obser-
vation.
23. subjectam, /ying below.
24. ab, from, not by.
26. eestu secundo, by the flow of the tide. |
928. sequi, S 65, ii. note. — cum connects strepitu with subisse.
29. cetera, S 52, rv. note.

.

44. 5. his; we should expect sibi. |
10. omni, etc. ; when all the sea-coast should have been subdued.
14. quam, $ 48, rr. ; there were two provinces of Spain.

18. Libano; Mt. Lebanon was famed for its timber, as in the
time of Solomon. ;

NOTES -—— QUINTUS CURTIUS. 25I

After his return from the Indian expedition, Alexander
was deeply afflicted by the loss of his friend Hephsestion ; at
whose funeral obsequies he indulged in unmeasured revel
and intoxication, followed .by a violent fever. It was soon
manifest that he could not recover, and the soldiers were ad-
mitted to see him for the last time.

: 95. Intuentibus, $ 51, r. note ; it is nearly equivalent to a geni-
tive, and may be so rendered.
27. lectum, governed by circumstantium, $ 52, rr. 2.

Y, 1. illud ultimum, $ 52, 1v., for the last time.
2. debito, S 54, vr., debt.
6. ad Hammonen; the temple of Jupiter Hammon is in Libya.
29. quoddam, as it were.

v9. 11. Bella civilia; in fact, bloody wars followed, which
lasted for many years, until the empire of Alexander had been
shared among his generals.

13. de rege, who should be king.

15. missione, discharge.

30. imperaret, 8 65, 1v. 1. — ipsis, S 51, rrr.

$80. 2. matrem: Sisygambis, the mother of Darius, who
had been treated with the greatest courtesy and honor by the
conqueror.

6. cui, $ 51, rrr. ; nubo means fo veil, and so to veil for a man,
1.e., marry him. — proprias, her own, private.

11. miseree, S 47, rii. — 8$ 51, vri.

18. Quem, $ 52, vr. — puellarum, $ 50, ri.

18. Artaxerxes III., Ochus, her brother, son of Artaxerxes II.,
had murdered all his brothers, according to the oriental fashion,
that he might have no rivals.

26. Magnum agrees with documentum; Alexandro, after
est understood.

28. sustinuisset vivere, had. endured to live.

91. naturee fuisse, belonged to his nature, S 50, r. note.

S. 6. ut, although ; ita, yet ; à frequent use of these words.
7. juveni, S 51, 2. — jam, moreover.
8. quorum, $ 47, ur. (2) ; relatives follow the same rule .as
adjectives. j
14. Illa, £/^e following.

S LATIN READER.

17. mutare, $ 24, v. 3.
26. statuit, sc. Fortuna.
30. diffudit; this refers to the division of his empire.

CORNELIUS NEPOS.

ConwELIUS NrPOs was an historian and biographer of the
time of Cicero. The volume of Lives of lllustrious Com-
manders which passes under his name (excepting the life of
Atticus, and perhaps that of Cato, which are genuine), is at
best only an abridgment of his writings.

Carthage was a great commercial city in Africa, a Phoeni-
cian colony, situated near the present site of "Tunis. In n.c.
264 it engaged in a war with Rome, which had just then
made itself sovereign of Italy. After three obstinate wars,
called the three Punie Wars (Ponus — Phenician), Car-
thage was destroyed, 5.c. 146. "The First Punie War (ending
B.C. 241) had resulted in giving to Rome the islands of
Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. 'To make good their losses,
the Carthaginians took possession of Spain, which was
governed for some years by Hamilcar, as governor. Some
time after his death, his son Hannibal succeeded to the
government, and proved the ablest and bitterest enemy that
Rome ever had.

8:3, 6. utsuperarit; $ 57, 1. ; 70, rr. The usual construction
after verum est is the accusative with the infinitive, — cum eo,
i.e., populus Romanus. — quod nisi, $ 52, tv., unless then.

16. erga usually expresses a friendly feeling. — qui refers to
Hannibal; end indeed he. — cum Romanis, S 54, rr. third rem.

20. Philip V., king of Macedonia, made war upon the Ro-
manus during and after the Second Punic War. Antiochus was
the king of Syria, with whom Hannibal took refuge after his
banishment. — Rubro mari; this was the Indian Oak with its
gulfs. — darent operam, employ.

27. read tamquam eum (understood) ; on the ground that he,
&c.; tamquam often has this meaning in late writers: eum is sub-
ject of sentire; alia atque, $ 43, 9; the subjunctives that —
fecissent and vidisset, like enini, follow cum.

NOTES —CORNELIUS NEPOS. 253

835. 6. annos, $ 54, v. note. — Karthagine, $ 55, imr. 1. —
a me, $ 52, ur. (1), end.

11. ducere, $ 65, 1r. note. — 14. tenentem, agreeing with me
understood.

20. me, $ 52, nir. (1), sc. id.

91. fcederatam, i.e., to the Romans: this was B.c. 219.

S4. 6. The legends made Hercules to have gone on an ex-
pedition to Spain; Graius, Greek: the real origin of the name
of the Graian Alps (those about the Little St. Bernard) is
unknown.

9. muniit, constructed, engineered. — ornatus, equipped, laden.

15. Clastidi, $ 10, 4; Clastidium was a town south of the Po,
which was betrayed to Hannibal: the statement here is incorrect,
as the skirmish in which Scipio was wounded was on the river
Ticinus. — manum conseruit, joined battle: the battle on the
Trebia, 5.c. 218, was the first important engagement ; the victory
on Lake Thrasymenus, in Etruria, was in B.c. 217; The third
and overwhelming victory at Canns was B.c. 216. — Cannensi,
$ 44, 1v. 6. — Paulus was father of the distinguished Lucius
ZEmilius Paulus, and grandfather of Publius Scipio Africanus the
younger, who destroyed Carthage.

93. pugna pugnata, $ 52, 1. end.

$e. 3. Capua was the chief city of Campania, the second city in
Italy; it had joined Hannibal after his victory at Cannze. — The
dictator was a magistrate appointed for six months with unlimited
power; the next in command to him was the magister equitum.

7. dedit verba, a colloquial expression for imposed upon;
the use of colloquialisms is characteristic of this writer. — ejus
generis, i.e., juvencorum. .

12. non ita multis, nof very many.

15. Tiberius Gracchus was grandfather of the famous tribunes ;
Marcellus was called the sword of Rome, from his courage;
Fabius, the shield, from his prudence. — iterum, a second time.
— sustulit, from tollo, he took off, i.e., killed.

24. defensum, $ 74, r. — Publius Cornelius Scipio was called
Africanus from his victories in Africa. — congrederetur, $ 64,
Ir. — The battle of Zama was B.c. 202.

$6. 10. This was B.c. 200. — his magistratibus, either $ 54, x.
or $ 55, 1. — Fregelle was an important town in Italy.

254 LATIN READER.

26. Karthagini, S 7, 7; $ 55, nr. 3.— reges: the correct
name of these magistrates was suffeétes.
31. in eerario, S 56, 1. 1, note.

&7. 10. Cyrene is the modern Barca, west of Egypt. Tt wasa
Grecian colony. — Antiochi, $ 50, r. — cui; Antiochus.

20. scriptum agrees with the clause a ... eum.

27. The island of Rhodes was at this time a very important
maritime power. — quo, sc. proelio.

3l. Antiochus was vanquished by Lucius Scipio, in the battie
of Magnesia, B.c. 190. — Cretam; names of Senadl islands follow
the rules of names of towns: $ 55, rir.

8, 25. Prusias was King of Bithynia, a country on the northern
coast of Asia Minor; Pontus was further east. — Euménes was
king of Pergámum, and his dominions comprised most of the
west coast of Asia Minor; he was a sagacious king and a patron
of literature and art, and maintained a close alliance with the
Romans.

90. colligi, S 68, rrr. note.

$9. 2. aceteris follows defendere. —id, i.e., se defendere.—
se facturum, /,e would bring it about, governs ut scirent, ctc.
11. The caduceus, or rod of Hermes, was the badge of a
herald. — suis, dative. "This absurd story is one of the many
that were fabricated in relation to this great man.
28. coepta sunt, $ 38, ir. 1.

99. 4. Lucius Quinctius Flamininus was the Roman general who
overthrew Philip, king of Macedon, n.c. 197.

8. Patres conscripti, the senators: the orisinal patrician
senators were called patres, and the plebeians added to the
senate were called conscripti. — existimarent, $ 63, rr.

12. suum and sibi refer to the Romans, se tó Prusias; an
unusual inconsistency. — "The laws of hospitality were held in
peeuliar honor among the ancients.

20. usu, by experience, in fact.

The year of the death of Hannibal is uncertain: we have given
the usually assumed, n.c. 183, date.

NOTES— SALLUST. 255

SALLUST.

Carvs SALLUsTIUS CmisPus (also spelled Salustius) was
born B.c. 86, at Amiternum, in the Sabine country, and died
p.c. 94. He was an earnest partisan of Cx»sar; and the aim
of his historical writings was to depict the corruption and
inefficiency of the governing classes at. Rome, in a manner to
justify the revolution accomplished by Cesar. As an his-
torian he has many merits, but is very inaccurate in details.
* His chronology is confused; his description of the military
operations is sometimes unintelligible; he often omits the
names of places, when the names would be the only means
of making the story clear. He does not tell us which way
the armies are moving, and gives us no notion of distances,
and generally a very vague description of the ground. . .. .
If we overlook its defects as a military history, we must
allow that Sallust has sketched in a rapid and lively way the
career of the bold Numidian adventurer, from the time of his
service under Scipio in Spain to his capture by a Roman
more cunning and more treacherous than himself" (Long.)

The charaeter of Sallust was not altogether above reproach,
and he seems to have shared in the vices he condemns. His
great historical work, the history of his own times, is lost;
and there only remain of his works, besides a few fragments,
the brief accounts of the war with Jugurtha, and the Con-
spiracy of Catiline.

In the Second. Punic War, Hannibal was finally over-
thrown by Scipio Africanus in the battle of Zama, r.c. 202.
This victory was largely due to the aid contributed by
Masinissa, king of eastern Numidia (now Algiers), who
remained after this time a steady and serviceable ally of the
Roman people, until his death, B.c. 148. "The events be-
tween his death and the outbreak of the war in 110, are
briefly narrated by Sallust in the passages which follow.

91. 9. Africano, $ 51, vi. note. — facinora, from facio, means
deeds, but is commonly used in the meaning of evil decds, erimes. —

256 LATIN READER.

Syphax was king of the western Numidians, and had assisted Car-

thage in the war. — magnum, $ 52, 1v. — urbis — urbes. T.2, 6.
24. Juxu; the dat. in u is frequent in Sallust; the historical

infinitive ($ 49, rr1.), as equitare, is also common with him.

9*2. 1. plurumum ; for this archaic form, see top of p. 2; existu-

mans is a similar form. —intellégit is an old form of the perf.
(from légo, legi); the form intellexi became afterwards more
common. — suee liberorumque, /is own age and that of his chil-
dren ; this combination of a genitive and a possessive qualifying
the same word is common. — mediocris, of moderate passions. —
transvorsos, another archaie form, for transversos.—— ex qui-
bus, i.e., studia.

16. neque per vim neque insidiis; most writers would prefer
two similar constructions (as vi or per insidias); Sallust, like
Tacitus, is fond of varying his constructions. — Numantia was à
town in Spain, which was captured by Scipio the younger, ZEmili-
anus, B.C. 133, after a siege of ten years. — Romanis ; a com-
mon use of the dat. after words denoting an office; see example
in $ 51, 1. note. — periculis after obviam, by analogy to $ 51, v
—alterum-alterum, //e latter, the former.

935. 6. erat; we should expect esset, by $ 63, rr. ; the ind. is
common in Sallust in such clauses. — huc accedebat ; the subject
is munificentia, etc. ; $ 49, r. note; the adv. huc — huic rei.

10. novi atque vlottiés ; the vo» at Rome were those whose
ancestors had held office of dignity in the state, and who therefore
belonged to the ruling class; those who reached position by their
own exertions, like Marius and Cicero, were called novi homi-
nes (Hb. $ 126). — The socii were the Italians in alliance with
Rome, who were kept in a position of inferiority by the Romans.
— fore, etc., $ 67, n. 1; this might also be potitum iri or fore ;
pro concione, i5 ihe presence of the army. — The praetorium,
headquarters (Hb. $ 160), was so called because the consul, who
commanded in war, originally bore the title praetor. — publice,
etc.; e.g. rather by public services than private intrigues. — neu
(neve) quibus, $ 21, rrr. end. — a, from ; it was perilous to buy
J/rom a few, &c. — ultro, without his seeking.

94. 7. The death of Micipsa was B.C. 118. — justa, the proper
riles. —ignobilitatem ; Jugurtha was of illegitimate birth. —
dextra, sc. manu, on his right hand. — Adherbalem, $ 52, rr.

NOTES — SALLUST. 257

1.; properly it is governed by the preposition ad, next to. — in
alteram partem, 1.e., to the left.
22. ipsum illum, i.e., Jugurtha. — cum animo, in his mind.
31. placuerat, $ 39, 3. — finis, $ 52, vr.

S5. 4. proximus lictor; the lictors were officers who went
before certain Roman magistrates (Hb. $ 130) ; the Numidian king
had similar attendants. "The hindmost of these was next to the
magistrate, and therefore highest in rank. — ministrum, $ 46.
— referebantur, notice the imperf. — ceterum, moreover ; usually
it means buf.

After the death of Iliempsal, B.c. 118, war broke out be-
tween Jugurtha and Adherbal; Adherbal was defeated, and
took refuge in Rome. . Jugurtha also sent ambassadors thither,
and succeeded by bribery in bringing about the appointment
of a commission to divide the kingdom between the two
cousins; this division was made in such a way as to give
Jugurtha the best parts of the country, while Adherbal had
the best cities and harbors, including the capital, Cirta, now
Constantine.

22. contra timorem, in spite of. his apprehensions.

96. 11. secus ceperat, Ae had come off worse.

28. partim — partem or alios. —togatorum ; the toga, a long,
woollen unbleached shawl, of a semi-elliptical shape, was the dis-
tinctive dress of a Roman citizen ; here, however, all the Italians are
meant. — The vinee were movable sheds, which were pushed up
near the walls to protect the soldiers fighting and working under
them; the turres were high, and were moved on wheels near the
walls, and used to throw darts, &c., into the city besieged. — ma-
chinae; these were engines for hurling stones and darts.

97. 5. majores natu, elders, $ 17, 11r. end. — usi, having en-
Joyed; honores is the word used for publie offices. — Marcus
ZEmilius Scaurus was for many years the leading man in the Roman
state; he was dignified and sagacious, but, it would appear, shared
the prevailing corruption of the times. — senati, this form of the
gen., of the second declension, is common in Sallust for this and
one or two other nouns of the fourth declension. "The princeps
senatus was the person recognized by the censors as the leader of
the body, as being the most eminent man in the stzte (Hb. $ 132).

' 258 LATIN READER.

— in invidia, was a source of' great scandal. — Utica was the
chief town of the Roman province Africa (now Tunis).

19. diducta, i.e., by the attack on all sides. — casum, a
chance or occasion.— Adherbalis, $ 54, nr. note. — frustra,
withoul attaining their purpose.

958, 1. omnia potiora, that any thing was better, i.e., more trust-
worthi.— deditionem ; this was 5.c. 112.

9. interpellando and trahendo qualify leniebant ; gratia and
jurgiis (by fair means or foul) qualify trahendo. — Caius Mem-
mius was probably the one who was murdered twelve years later by
a seditious mob ; he is called by Niebuhr ** one of the most energetic
and right-minded men of that age." — ut condonaretur is not a
final clause (denoting purpose), but a substantive clause, in appo-
sition with id. — Jugurthee, dative of advantage.

18. "The Sempronian Law, carried through by Caius Sempronius
Gracchus, aimed to lessen the power of the senate and the oppor-
tunity for corruption in assigning provinces, by providing that the
assignation should be made before the election of the consuls; that.
is, the senate determined beforehand what the consular provinces
should be, and these were then divided by lot or agreement between
the two consuls. — scribitur, /evied.

Bestia proceeded to Africa, and shortly brought Jugurtha
to terms; but was bribed by him to grant an advantageous
peace, disgraceful to Rome. But the tribune Memmius, the
boldest antagonist of the corrupt nobility, persuaded the peo-
ple to reject the treaty, and to send Cassius, a man * pure in
a corrupt time" (Niebuhr), to summon Jugurtha to Rome,
to answer for his crimes.

30. elephantos ; i.e., those which Jugurtha had surrendered.

99. 1. Rogatione; a proposition for a law was called rogatio,
because the people were asked whether they would accept it. — ex
conscientia, from a bad conscience. — vim ; 1.e., that he would
use force if he did not submit himself to their mercy. — minoris,
$ 54, 1x. 1. — In Rome, Jugurtha bribed one of the tribunes, by
whose intercession he escaped the necessity of answering the ques-
tions put to him by Memmius.

11. This was B.c. 110. — Gulussa was brother of Micipsa.—
metu; i.e., the anxiety of the Romans as to Jugurtha's future
course.

NOTES — SALLUST. 259

23. Jugurthee, $ 51, vr. ; he did not venture to rely any longer

upon his friends among the Romans, and therefore resolved to get
rid of his rival. — egressus, acc. pl. — ejus, 1.e., Massiva. — qui is
pl., referring to the individuals implied in numero ; this is called
synesis, or constructio ad sensum, see $ 47, r1. end.
100. 3. Fit reus, is put on trial. — The jus gentium of the Ro-
mans was not our Law of ' Nations, but consisted of those usages
of law which were common to all nations; one of these was the
sanctity of a safe-conduct. — manufestus, lihe maxumus, an
archaic form. — animum advortit, Ae perceived. — supra, etc. ;
that the obloquy of the deed went beyond, &c.

9. in priore actione, in t/e first stages of the action ; 1.e., the
preliminary inquiry. — popularis, /Aose of his mation,.—iMo,
Bomilcar. — urbem, $ 52, v.

22. mos, etc.; this may mean Ae parties among the people, and
the factions in the senate; but as popularis is used especially for
the party opposed to the senate, it would seem best to take these
nouns as relating to the individual parties; te custom of a popu-
lar and a senatorial party. — prima, the first things, $ 48, 1. —
glorie, false glory ; 1.e., as rivals. — hostilis, $ 47, v. ; it 1s here
equivalent to the objective gen., hostium. — ea, $ 47, rr. (2).—
Carthage was destroyed n.c. 146; in the same year Corinth was
captured; no enemy now remained whom the Romans need fear.
8018. 3. in lubidinem [for lib.] vortere [for vert. ], to turn to
their own pleasure ; abuse. —sibi quisque, each for himself. —fac-
tione, by combinations, 1.e., owing to their fewness. — plebei, here
5th declension. — agitabatur, impers.; every thing was managed.

11. The tendency at this time to absorb all the lands of Italy
into a few large estates, latifundia, cultivated by slaves, was the
most alarming symptom of the times. Latifundia Italiam perdi-.
dere, says Pliny. To bring this about, and set all the neighbor-
ing small freeholds into their hands, the nobles scrupled at neither
fraud nor violence; nor did the poor have any adequate protec-
tion in law.

18. These were the Gracchi, mentioned below. Tiberius
Sempronius Gracchus carried an agrarian law (Hb. $ 168), for the
distribution of publie land among the poorer classes, B.C. 195;
his brother Caius, ten years later, aimed at still more sweeping
reforms: both were assassinated by the nobles. "Their grand-
father had fought successfully against Hannibal; their father was

260 ' LATIN READER.

eminent as a statesman; their mother Cornelia was daughter of
the great Scipio. — permixtio terree, a chaos.

25. patefacere, S 37, vri. note. — The Socii were the Italian
nations in nominal alliance. with Rome; the nomen Latinum,
the Latin cities and colonies which were debarred from full
politieal privileges, but possessed certain rights of Roman citizen-
ship; both these classes held portions of the publie domain which
were affected by the laws of Graechus, and therefore opposed liis
measures. Later reformers undertook to extend full citizenship
to all the inhabitants of Italy. — The equites were those who
were entitled by their wealth to serve in the cavalry, receiving a
horse from the state; by a law of. Caius Gracchus, all possessing
a specified amount of property received certain privileges, which
constituted them a class by themselves, equester ordo: thus
setting up an aristocracy of wealth to balance the hereditary:
aristocracy of the nobles. — societatis means a share in the
privileges of the senate. — eadem, (he same policy. — trium-
virum; Caius Gracchus failed in his third election to the tribune-
ship, but still held the office of triwmvir [member of a committee
of three] for planting colonies (S 73, 1u. note), when he was
killed, n.c. 121. —et sane, and £o be sure.

30:3. 3. Three thousand are said to have been slain with
Graechus and Flaccus. — timoris, i.e., they feared the opposite
party, whom they had treated with such barbarity.— parem,
8 59, iv. 1.

After the return of Jugurtha, the war was conducted by
Spurius Albinus and his brother Aulus. The latter was
forced by Jugurtha to agree to a dishonorable peace, which
.was at once rejected by the Romans ; and the consul of the
year 109 took command, although late in the year. Quintus
Caecilius Metellus, afterwards called Numidicus, was one of
the most eminent and respectable members of the aristocracy,
belonging to an old and distinguished family. His vigilant
and judieious measures soon excited the alarm of his antag-
onist, and his success induced the senate to retain him in
command as proconsul for the following years.

18. antea experimentis, previous experience, 1.e., of Bestia and
Albinus ; $ 47, 111. end. — maxime, 7f possible.

NOTES — SALLUST. : 261

303. 4. insidiis, etc., depends upon credere. — Caius Marius
was a soldier of low birth and no education, who by courage and
ability had risen to a high military position, and who afterwards
became a dictator in the state. — legatus, see note on p. 13, l. 2.
— tribunis, $ 51, m. — The /egions of the Roman army, com-
manded by tribunes, are contrasted with the cohorts of the Italian
allies, commanded by prefecti. 'The Roman legion was divided
into maniples, combined afterwards into cohorts by Marius (Hb.
$ 158) ; although even at this time a combination of three maniples

was called a cohort (see page 106, line 32). — velites, /ight-
armed. troops.

16. Vacca, a town south-west of Utica. — forum, a market
town ; the regular term for a class of towns larger than mere vil-
lages. — celebratum, frequented. — simul, et; both, and. — si
paterentur, whether they would endure, depends upon tentandi.

26. modo, cven. "

33. composuit, compared ; this word may also be followed by
the dative.

104. 12. Muthul; the position of this river is doubtful. —
tractu pari, parallel; vastus, barren. — ex eo medio, i.e.,
from the middle of the mountain range, which Metellus was
crossing. The hill stretched to the river, at right angles to both
river and mountain. — humi, $ 50, rr. 3.

20. transvorso itinere, af right angles; iter here means
direction. — montem, 8 56, rr. 1. — cum, consisting of. —'Turma
was the name for the subdivisions of cavalry; the maniples were
of infantry : these were properly Roman terms. —illis, the Romans.
— quee, etc.; refers to omnia; every thing which it becomes a
commander to see (o. — prudentes cum imperitis, as (/ose fore-
warned with those taken by surprise.

BO. 13. neque, et tamen, one the one hand not, and. yet.—
plane, entirely. —incerti agrees with equi Numideeque; esset
is attracted to agree with its predicate quidnam ; indistinguish-
able what it was that was seen. — cum tum, 8$ 43, 8. — obscurati
: agrees with ipsi, taking the masculine in preference to the neuter,
although referring also to signa.

16. commutatis ordinibus. The account of Metellus's
manceuvres is very confused and blind; it appears to be some-
what as follows. He drew up his army in line of battle, facing the

262 | LATIN READER.

right (in dextro latere), for the enemy were on that flank, below ;
the regular order for battle was in three lines, triplicibus sub-
sidiis (Hb. $ 156). "Then they must wheel, transvorsis princi-
piis, and face the river, in order to descend into the plain.

25. Publius Rutilius Rufus was one of the most virtuous men

of the day. He was afterwards unjustly banished on a false
charge of oppressing the citizens of Asia, in which province he
had served as official. — transvorsis proeliis, attacks on the flank.
— pro re atque loco, agreeably to circumstances and. the nature
of the ground. — principes, in the van.
106. 1. primos, i.e., the first to whom the Romans came. —
quasi, about. — adesse is frequently used with the meaning come
up.—1ludificati, eluded ; then in consequence eminus saucia-
bantur. — copia, opportunity. — priores — superiores, i.e., the
Numidians; hostis, the Romans. — fuerant agrees with the
nearer subject. — ea, in this direction, S 55, 1v.

22. a suis belongs with dispersi, separated from their com-
rades. — die, genitive, an old form. — eorum, the Numidians.
1307. 23. inis, the Romans. — quos, i.e., the enemy.

16, die, $ 50, rr. 4. — advorso colle evadunt, charge up the
hill. — tutata, S 47, 1r. (2). — quietus, 1.e., BDomilcar. — ubique
— et ubi. — accepit, e learned.

33. pulveris vim. '*It is amusing to find in this Latin ex-
pression the exact equivalent of a familiar Americanism." (Butler.)
8058. 16. [victoria]; a word thus enclosed in brackets is a
doubtful reading. — amplius opinione, /onger than their expecta-
tion. —inter se, from one another, that 1s the main army under
Metellus and the detachment of Rutihus; alteri apud alteros,
each with theother party. — admissum, sc. erat, committed, S 59,
1v. 2. note. **'This wasa battle which testified as unmistakably to
Jugurtha's rare military talent, as to the inexhaustible bravery
of the Roman infantry, which alone had turned the strategic defeat
into a victory." (Mommsen.)

30. quatriduo, $ 55, 1. 2. — meritos, //ose who have done good
service.

109. 23. Jugurtha...gereret is object of exploratum. — ut,
how. — ea gratia, on this account. — ex fuga, after flight.

15. ex illius lubidine, according io his pleasure, 1.e., Jug-
urtha's; that of Metellus would be sua.-—suos; subject of
vincere. — preedam, in app. with omnia, predicate after esse.

NOTES — SALLUST. 263

27. pugnatum, $ 72, 2. — quippe does not belong with cujus,
but is used with is understood, since he whose, &c. — sua loca,
the battle-ground. chosen by himself. — ex copia, as circumstances
demanded. |

110. 5. sicuti follows discedunt.

'These events: were followed by desultory warfare; a siege
of Zama by Marius proved unsuccessful, and Metellus under-
took a renewal of negotiations ; partly openly with the king,
partly intriguing with his officers to betray him. "The war
seemed to be at a stand-still.

1l. agitabat, $ 69, note. — ageret, S8 67, rr. 1. — preeter,
except. — belli, $ 55, 111. — Arpinum was a town in the valley of
the Liris, south-east of Rome, where Cicero was also born. —
Graeca facundia; the Greeks were at this time the chief in-
structors in rhetoric. — tribunatum ; the military tribunes were
originally appointed by the general, afterwards in part elected by
the people; the election was in the comitia of the tribes (Hb.
$ 142). —ab eo magistratu, from that magistracy ; the military tri-
bunate was not strictly a magistracy, but Marius was prsetor, B.C.
115. — ad id locorum, £o this point (of time), opposed to postea.

411. 17. per negotia publica; a frequent use of per; when

public interest. should. permit. — filio; this was Quintus Metellus

Pius, consul B.c. 80; Marius was now forty-eight years old. —

contubernio; it was customary for young Romans to learn war

by going upon the staff of the commander in an active campaign.
29. criminose, captiously. — trahi, $ 67, 1v. 2.

1153. 8. regi, $ 51, vir. note ; itisreally a dative com. etincom.
(S 51, r. note), in the eyes of the king. — suspiciens, suspecting ;
an unusual meaning of the active; the passive frequently means
suspected. — majoribus, greater affairs. — superaverant, Aad
remained over ; 1.e., were more than Jugurtha could attend to.

18. posceret, 8 66, r. — jussus, sc. a Jugurtha.

24. socii, S 50, r.— converteret, i.e., Nabdalsa; that he
should not be punished instead of rewarded. After juravisset,
understand monere, which stands in some editions. — sua, fAeir.

13135. 18. scelere, $8 56, 1. 2. This use of super is more com-
mon in later writers.
32. quorum limits plerosque, ceteri, pars, and alii.

264 LATIN READER.

114. 1. Bocchus was king of Mauretania, west of Numidia. — in
dies, day by day. — fide, dat. — ceteri ejus omnes, ** the rest
of the soldiers all." | (Long.) — ferme, for the most part.

23. filiorum limits pueritiee, which limits cultus, care.

39. domiti pecoris, írained cattle, S 50, 1.

B. 1. eo, upon these; a frequent use of adverbs of place, refer-
ring to persons.

6. quam, $ 48, rr. — ea modo, //Lis alone. — sicuti, etc., «s
those newly surrendered. are wont. — xeligione, from superstition.
— pluvia, sc. aqua, S 54, vir.

21. infectum, impracticable. — uno die, 8 54, v. an exception
to the following remark. —talia capi; a consideration in the mind
of Jugurtha, and for this reason taking the acc. with the inf. — ex
copia, as circumstances permitted.

116. 5. reliquum fieri, left undone. — axietibus ; the battering
ram was à swinging beam with a metal ram's-head, with which the
walls were butted, and so gradually broken to pieces. — ab Host-
ibus belongs wáth metuerant.

After these reverses, Jugurtha took refuge with his father-
in-law, Bocchus, king of Mauretania, and a new war seemed to
threaten. Meanwhile Marius was elected consul for p.c. 107 ;
against the bitter opposition of the nobles, and by a vote of
the people, he was given the province of Numidia, which the
senate had before decreed to Metellus. It is not possible to
determine whether he actually took command in the year of
his consulship; his active operations were mainly in the fol-
lowing year, p.c. 106.

20. spolia, S 46. — quee, $ 54, vir. note. — populis et reg-
ibus. i.e., foreign. — sociis, i.e., Italian. — militiae, im service,
$ 55, rrr. 3, qualifies cognitos ; most he knew personally, a few by
reputation. — stipendium is the term for a soldier's pay, and came
afterwards to mean the time of service for which the pay was re-
ceived; emereri stipendium is therefore ** 1o serve out the time,"
and those who were stipendiis emeritis ($ 54, rr. the participle
here used passively,$ 35,1. 7.) were those who had served out their
time as soldiers. — plebi, sc. esse ; if was thought that service was
not acceptable to the people. — usum, the requisites.

NOTES — SALLUST. 263

BERT. 10. Quirites was the title borne by the Romans as citizens,
and used in publie addresses. —inperium — imperium ; an unu-
sual number of archaic spellings occur in this speech of Marius. —
subplicis — supplices. — set — sed. — quo, $ 54, v. end. —
pluris, $ 54, 1x. 1. — The subject of debere is illam, etc.

l7. vostro benificio (bene-), your favor. — nolis, one is un-
willing ; the second person singular is often used for an indefinite
subject. — opinione asperius, ** more painful than you can sup-
pose." (Long.) — nobilitas, facta, etc. are subject of adsunt. —
cognati, were blood relatives; adfines, connections by marriage.
— clientele; the clients were persons who were personally and
especially attached to some nobleman, called patron. (Hb. $ 128.)

27. illud is commonly used rather than hoc or id when a follow-
ing clause (omnium ... esse) is in apposition. — reipublicae,
dat. of advantage. — invadendi, sc. me. — capiamini, i.e., in the
net. — illis, 8 51, rv.

818. 8. veteris prosapice, of old. stock ; an old-fashioned word
used by Marius in derision. — imaginum: it was the privilege of
the nobility to keep waxen images of their ancestors in their halls ;
these were carried in funeral processions.

189. qui, men who. — preeposteri, placing that first which should
be last. — gerere is the subject of est. — tempore, in time. — re
atque usu, in action and. experience.

22. Quamquam at the beginning of a sentence should be ren-
dered, and yet. —fortissimum quemque generosissumum, w/o-
ever is brave, and. in proportion to his bravery is also well born;
this is the peculiar force of quisque with the superlative. —
posset, 8$ 59, 1v. 2. — maluerint is used, in violation of the

sequence of tenses, to express the time of the question. — faciant
idem, i.e., ef them. despise their own ancestors ; for every founder
of.a new house was himself a new man.

93. hos, i.e., honores; they live as if they cared nothing for
honors, but are as greedy for them as if their lives were honorable.
Ne, verily. — falsi, deceived.

819. 6. cujus rei, i.c., nobility.

13. velint, $ 59, rv. 2. — compositam, well-arranged. — cum,
since. — modestiam, etc., should construe my modesty as conscious-
ness of guilt. — ex animi sententia, as 7 &m convinced. — bene
praedicent, speak well of, sc. ut. — falsa, obj. of superant.

266 LATIN READER.

21. qui refers to the gen. implied in the possessive vostra;
$ 19, nr. Rem. — etiam atque etiam, again and again. — fidei,
your confidence. — Hee, $ 47, v. note. —relicta agrees with
nobilitas. — parvi, 5 54, 1x. 1.

33. parum placebat, / did not care. — doctoribus ; the Greeks
were slaves of the Romans. — illa, S$ 52, rr. note.

1:230. 3. arcte colam, fo act niggardly. — meam and illorum
do not qualify their nouns directly, but stand after esse under-
stood. — civile, befifting citizens. — tute; te is the intensive
enclitic.

' 9. Quis, i.e., what their ancestors did.

19. preci — preti; cocum — coquum, $ 1, foot of p. 1; they
pay more for a cook than a steward; actors, secretaries, tutors,
&c., were generally slaves. —ita is frequently used to emphasize or
point out a clause which follows. — munditias, etc. ; this is called
the chiastic order of expression; munditias, foppery, is con-
trasted with laborem, and separated from it by the two other
contrasted words, mulieribus and viris. — Quin — qui (why,
$ 21, 1. note). ne; why not? or come, then.

1331. 2. avaritiam, etc. ; the corruption of Bestia, the unskilful-
ness of Albinus, and the pride of Metellus. — mehercules, sc.
juvet, Hercules help me! a common oath. — militaris eetas ; this
was from 17 to 46, — ceperit, $ 68, r. (Cf. 8 58, iur. note). —
idem, a£ once, or both. |

14. decebat, $8 59, rv. note at end.— inmortalis; '**im-
mortal? means * remembered for ever) "The Roman immortality
is posthumous fame." (Long.) — quisquam is usually used sub-
stantively; here it stands for ullus. These words, with um-
quam and usquam, are only used to express negative ideas; see
Table 6. E

23. The change made by Marius in the mode of raising troops
was itself a revolution. Before this, none had served who did
not belong to the classes (Hb. $ 125) in virtue of possessing prop-
erty; the capite censi, counted by the head, were those who .
belonged to no class. — bonorum, 8 50, in. 2; the ** good " were
the aristocratic. — egentissumis, see note to p. 118, l. 24. — sua,
their own possessions. — omnia cum pretio, every thing paid, for.

1:292. 3. legionibus, etc.; see note to p. 109, l. 9: — tegi,
protected.

NOTES — SALLUST. . 267

19. The Gstüli were a barbarous race south of Numidia. — ar-
mis, S 54, vr.

20. immunes, free from burthens, of taxation and military ser-
vice. — moenia are the walls of a city, murus any strong wall of
masonry. —— oppido, $ 51, 1.

81:335. 7. una juei aqua, one spring of! water. —Id., 1.e., the
want of water.—incultius agebatur, ií was less cultivated. —
irritamenta gulee, seasonings.

18. pabulo, ete. ; i.e., the land was in pasture rather than tilth.
—exornat has for subj. consul. — preedabundum, $ 44, v. 1;
the form in bundus is equivalent to the pres. part., and is rarely
formed except from neuter verbs.

30. per centurias; there were six centuries to each cohort. —
lenire, 1.e., by the use of animal food.

1994. 5. uti egrederentur depends on paratos.— tumul-
osum, hil]y; this word is used nowhere but in this passage. —
milium, sc., passuum.
17. res trepidee, //ie confusion of affairs. — pars, etc. ; (he Jue
hat, &c. — mobile (from moveo), $ 44, v. 4.
29. non bene consulta, not wisely planned ; locupletes agrees
with milites (et — also) ; rich from booty. — socii, those friendly.

1935. s asperitate, danger. — Capsensium, sc. res. — Mul-
uchae; **The scene is'now moved from Capsa in the east to the
Mulucha in the west, a direct distance due west from Capsa of
700 miles. Sallust leaves us to guess how this distance was ac-
complished." (Long.) — ceteram planitiem, a country otherwise
level. — castello, dat. after satis patens.— forte, abl. from fors. —
virorum and armorum limit satis. — importunus, unsuitable for.

28. trahere cum animo suo, consider it in his mind, i.e.,
toss it to one side and the other.

1:26. 2. cochleas; snails are favorite articles of food in
Southern Europe. — ad summum montis; the usual form would
be montem, by $ 47, vir. — flexa .. . quo, bending and. growing
up as [lit., in height, to which]. —gignentium, fruit-bearing things,
or £hings that grow, S 50, rr. after cuncta: cuncta is obj., and
natura subj. of fert.

19. cognitum, $ 74, r.— ex preesentibus, (one) of those
present.

268 ' LATIN READER.

91. facilius, $ 47, rrr. end. — ea, i.e., the shields; the scutum
was an oblong shield of wicker work covered with leather; the
clipeus, a round metal shield. — offensa, in case they should hit
against any thing.

38327. 7. nisu, $ 74, ri. — potissimus, chief of all. — digre-
diens, s/epping aside, to leave room for the others. — ab ea parte,
on that side. |

16. See note on p. 13, 1l. 32; p. 20, 1. 23. — sagittariis ; this is
an exception to $ 54, r. end. — saepe, etc. ; this is the cause of
what follows, non, ete. — secundis rebus, $ 54, x., from their
Success. '

25. his and illis are abl. abs. with certantibus, which is fol-
lowed by pro, etc., $ 51, 1. note. — canere is here neuter, having
signa for subject. — tantummodo sauciare, i.e., they were in
too great haste to kill them. — ex culpa, Jor what was really
blameworthy.

1338, Lucius ConNELIUS SurLA, born r.c. 138, was after-
wards the great rival of Marius in a bloody civil war. Marius
was merely a soldier; but Sulla was also a statesman and a man
of letters, — one of the greatest men whom Rome produced,
but stained with licentiousness, avarice, and cold-blooded
cruelty. "The office of Quzestor was that of treasurer in the
city, paymaster in the army. | (Hb. $ 135.)

4. quos relates, by ' Synesis, to the individuals implied in
equitatus.

10. juxta, at the same time, qualifies Greecis atque Latinis:
atque doctissume, and very thoroughly too. —simulanda ac
dissimulanda, pretending and concealing. — victoriam: p.c. 82,
Sulla obtained a final victory over the party of Marius (who
had died four years before), and ruled as perpetual dictator, until
he laid down his power in 79, shortly after which he died.—
fecerit, S 70, note.

25. aliis per se ipse, i.e., non rogantibus.— ees mutuum,
borrowed money ; he would rather give away money than pay his
debts. — repetere, i.e., ess mutuum.-—-illi, for sibi.— joca, a
not uncommon plural of jocus. — multus for multum; on hand.

1:29. After the events above described, Marius returned to
winter quarters to Cirta.

NOTES — SALLUST. 269

6. speculatores, his own scouts.— alius, $ 47, 1x.; sub-
ject of significabant with omnes; redeuntes agrees with the
subj. — ceteri, i.e., the infantry. —in manus, /o close quarters.
— neque, 5 43, r. note.

130. 3. vitabundus, dodging. — pati, $ 49, rrr. (not depend-
ing on posse). — niti, sc. surgere. — visus, a noun. |

Boechus being at last tired of the war, enters into nego-
tiations with Marius, and secretly concludes a peace with the
Romans, with the intention of betraying Jugurtha into their
hands, immunity being promised to himself.

17. arbitratu, i.e., with full powers. The inhabitants of the
Balearic Isles were famed as slingers. "The Pelignians were one
of the brave races of central Italy; the velitaria arma were
lighter than the arms of the legions (Hb. $ 157). — secus atque,
less than ; 1.e., these were as good as any for this purpose.

30. victoribus, S 51, vir.

M31. 17. cenatos esse, fo get their suppers finished, depends
on jubet. — vigilia, sce note on page 12, line 24. — metabatur,
sc. castra. — apud illum ; **a way of saying that he would have
done the bad deed, and kept the fruit of it." (Long.)

30. strenuis, $ 51, vir. note.

12333. 1. inermis, from inermus, a form quite as common for
the nom. as inermis (Klotz). — nudum, etc.; i.e., the back,
which is unprotected. — faceret, $ 63, r. — ejus and illum refer
to Jugurtha, who 1s also subject of haberet; suo, to Volux. —
uti in tali negotio, considering the circumstances they were in.
— acciderant, /Aey had come upon him; this word is not often
used of persons.

26. deligeret, S 67, rr. 1. —sese, Docchus ; illo, Sulla; cum
illo depends upon consulta, referring to some former interview ;
integra habere, maintain unimpaired. lt is generally supposed
that a few words have been lost after pertimesceret, to the effect
that he (the ambassador) Aad been invited with design. — nequi-
visse, $ 67, 1v. 2; caveri is also impersonal.— comperior, 7
am convinced ; this verb is deponent only in two intances, both in
the Jugurtha. — Punica fide; want of faith was a favorite charge
of the Rhomans against the Carthaginians (Poeni).
123:b. 3. Rex, i.e., Bocchus.— conventam, agreed upon.—
consultum, etc., & plan and the establishment of peace. — ab

270 LATIN READER.

omnibus veniretur — omnes venirent.— in potestatem; the
idea is, should have got him into his power. —fore uti fieret,
$ 67, r.; this is a more common way of expressing a fut. inf.
pass. than that with iri (as relictum iri, below).— non sua
ignavia sed ob rempublicam, $ 54, r1. first note; they qualify
in potestate.

22. ut, etc., as (they were) impetuous, so (too, they were)
Jickle; sibi adworsee, contradictory.

91. dicitur, $ 67, iv. 1. — quae is subject of patefecisse,
depending on scilicet (sci licet); which go of course dis-
closed, &c.

ABA. 11. This was the famous invasion of the Cimbri and
Teutones, Celtic and German hordes, which invaded Italy,
and kept it in a state of terror for several years. Cepio and
Manlius were defeated n.c. 105, the year in which Jugurtha was
captured. Marius was chosen consul for five successive years,
and at last eut them to pieces in two great battles. — illim, an old
form of illinc, from that time. — consul; this is incorrect; he
was at this time proconsul. — triumphavit (Hb. $ 1601).

OVID.

PvnBLrIUS Ovipivs Naso was born in Sulmo, a town of the
Peligni, p.c. 43. He was a highly endowed and voluminous
poet, and for a long time enjoyed favor at the court of
Augustus, but was suddenly banished by him, from some
unknown cause, to the northern coast of the Euxine Sea,
where he.died, A.p. 17. — His principal work is the JMeta-
morphoses, a collection of mythical fables, told in hexameter
verse.

Phaéthon was son of Phoebus and Clymene. lis mates
having refused to credit his being the son of a god, he goes
to his father to ask for a certain proof.

B:365. 1. solis, $ 78, 11. 1. — sublimibus, id. rr. 9. — clara,
1d. 15,5, y1.; D. 0. — duro, id. 1r. 78. c ifitánute, id. H9. —
nutidum, id. rir. 6, r. — tenebat, id. rir. 2. — argenti, id. 1. 7. —
lumine, id. rir. 5, v. —superabat even surpassed, id. 1imJ. 6, II.
II. 4. — aequora, id. rir. 1, exc.

NOTES — OVID. 271

8. ceeruleos, dark blue, the color of the sea; applied there-
fore to the gods of. the sea. — Tritona, a Greek form of the acc.,
$ 11, nr. 4, note; Triton was the companion of Neptune.—
Proteus was a sea-god, who had the power of assuming different
Shapes. — immania, $ 78, in. 5, vri. — ZBgeeon was another
name for DBriareus, the hundred-handed giant; Doris, a sea-
goddess, wife of Nereus, and mother of the Nereids or sea-nymphs.
— natas, $ 78, rrr. 3. — videntur, $ 49, x. end. — mole, a rock,
$ 78, rir. 5, 1v. — queedam, sc. videntur.

15. Terra answers to unda in v. 8; the carved work is de-
scribed. —imago, $ 78, nir. 5, rri. — signa, the signs of the zodiac.

19. acclivo, S 78, mr. 5, 1x. — Clymeneia, 8$ 47, 5, v. —
ferebat, i.e., could not bear. — Dies, etc., the personified deities
of these divisions of time; the Horee are usually £he seasons in
mythology, but here the word is used in its prose meaning. —
calcatis; in allusion to the custom of treading out the wine.

28. spicea, $ 44, rri. 1. — novitate, 5$ 78, rrr. 6, 1v.

383. publica, common to all.

40. Deposuit; see v. 22. —amplexu, $ 78, rr. 9. — negari
depends upon dignus, by an exception to $ 65, rv. 1. — es,
$ 78, nr. 9, exc. — edidit, id. rir. 3, exe. ; and 4. — quodvis,
from quivis, any you please.— me, S 78, n. 1.—juranda,
$ 51, r. second note. — palus, the Styx, by which the gods
swore their most solemn oaths. — incognita, because the sun's
beams never reach the lower world. — jus, S 78, rr. 3, exc.

50. tua, sc. voce. — dare, S 78, rr. 2, exc. — negarem, sc.
si possem, $ 59, rv. 2; confiteor is used parenthetieally. —
istis, /y ; $ 20, 1. — conveniant, $ 65, r. — superis, those
above, i.e., fie gods. — fas is what is permitted by divine law. —
nescius, ignorantly, $ 47, vr. — Placeat, $ 64, 1v. ; the meaning
is, let each of the gods have his fancy, still, &c. —axe ; the axle is
put for chariot, by the figure called synecdoche, by which the part
is put for the whole. — rector, i.e., Jupiter. — agat, $ 60, 2;
this is one of the few cases in which the subj. may be rendered can.

65. The subject of fit is videre. "Tethys was wife of Oceanus
(god of the ocean), and mother of Clymene the mother of Phaéthon.
— cetera, sc. sidera. — orbi, S 51, r.— Finge, suppose. —
axis, i.e., ceeli. — illic, i.e., im the heavens. — delubra, $ 78,
IU. ; 5, I. — formas, i.e., the constellations of the zodiac, eight
of which represent animals.

272 LATIN READER.

78. ut, although. — adversi, fronting you. — Haemonios, 1.e.,
Thessalian; the archer was represented as a centaur, a race
which had its home in 'Thessaly. — aliter, in another direction. —
ignibus limits animosus. — in promptu, easy. — ut, when.

89. sanguine, $ 54, vir. — timendo, i.e., for your safety.

100. ne dubita, $ 58, rrr. — qua licuit, as (ong as it was per-
itted. — summee rotae, (he outside of the wheel. — Phoebo —
Sole; this is the figure called metonymy, by which a word is put
for another to which it stands in some relation, as of cause and
effect, or here that of ruling and guiding. ;

113. agmina cogit, bring up the rear. — Lucifer, the morning
star. — quee, subject of petere, depending on vidit, which
agrees with Titan — Phoebus ; the 'litans were an early race of
gods, and Phoebus was son of the Titan Hyperion. — extremee,
fading. — ambrosiee ; the food of the gods, and so of their horses.

121. ora, the countenance; patientia agrees with it, able to
endure. — flammee, $ 50, irr. — directos, straight across the five
circles ; i.€., the equator, tropics, and poles; the sectus in
obliquum limes is the Ecliptie, which touches only the torrid and
temperate zones. — que, after polum, bot.

134. preme (also pressam below) means to bear down, so as
to be towards the horizon. — juvet, S 68, rr. note. — Aurora,
goddess of the morning. — quee relates to lumina ; dare depends
on sine (from sino).

150. contingere; the regular construction after gaudet would
be contingere, by $ 70, rrr., or quod contingit, by $ 70, rv. —
The names of the horses mean. fiery, of. the dawn, burning, flam-
ing.—repagula, the barriers of à race-course. — copia, power
over or entrance to. — euros (Hb. $ 211).

165. inani, sc. currui. — quo ordine refers to eo understood,
$ 48, 11r. note. — si sciat ; we should expect the imp. sciret, $ 59,
IV. 2.

170. Triones (septem), the seven stars which mark the con-
stellation of the Great Bear; it had been forbidden Callisto, who
was changed into this constellation, ever to rest. — Bootes, now
Arcturus, a constellation near the Great Bear.

174. penitus penitusque, deeper and deeper below. — tene-
bree, i.e., from dizziness. — Meropis, sc. filius; Merops was the
husband of Clymene. — pinus, i.e., navis, by synecdoche; see
note on axe, v. 58.— frena; this is a metaphorical use of the
word, the ship being spoken of as a horse.

NOTES— OVID. 273

195. que connects cauda and lacertis ; the Scorpion originally
occupied double space; afterwards Libra was inserted where its
claws had been. — madidum; heated by the sun, and sweating
poison; cuspide, the pointed tail, where the sting hes. — expa-
tiantur, leave the road. — qua and hac, sc. via, $ 55, 1v.

207. Luna; Artemis (Diana) was goddess of the moon, as her
brother Apollo of the sun. — ut quaeque — whatever (parts). —
Tellus, a poetical word meaning the earth as a heavenly body.—
arbos; the figure by wliich one part of a word is used for another
(here the sing. for the pl.) is called ena//age.

216. Scythia, Tartary; Caucasus, the mountains between the
Euxine and Caspian Seas. — Ossa, Pindus, and Olympus are in
'Thessaly. — Apenninus ; this is a spondaic verse, S 82, r. note.

224. calido, S 45, v. 2.

227. in corpora summa, /o the surface of! the bodies. — pas-
sis from pando ; dishevelled. — Dirce, Amymoóne, and Piréne are
fountains in Thebes, Argos, and Corinth (the old name of which
was Ephyre).— sortita, possessing (by lot).— Tanáis, Jon;
the Alphéos and Sperehéos are rivers in Greece. "The Tazus, in
Spain, was a gold-bearing stream. — M:eonia was the ancient name
of Lydia, the chief river of which was the Cayster, famed for its
swans. — 'The source of the Nile was à problem to the ko
as it has remained until our own day.

213. Regem, Pluto. — The Cyclades are a group of islands in
the ZEgean Sea, so called because they form a rude circle about
the sacred island Delos. — Cycladás, Delphinés; these are
Greek endings, see $ 78, note; final as and. es are usually long
by $ 78, rr. 3.— Nereus was the husband of Doris. — aquis,
$ 54, vr.

255. fontes, S 46. — viscera, $ 42, rrr. — collo, $ 56, 1. 5. —
opposuit manum, i.e., to shield her face. — infra — inferius,
i.e., erouching. — peritura, sc. mihi. — auctore; it would be a
consolation to perish by the thunderbolt of Jove.

271. vobis, i.e., Dis. — fac, grant. — frater, sc. tuus, l.e.,
Poseidon (Neptune). — Quod, $ 52, 1v. — fratris limits gratia.
— mea, $ 50, rr. 1, end. — utrumque, in each direction.

278. Atlas, one of the Titans, who sustained the heavens on
his shoulders. — neque enim; i.e., she spoke no more, for, &c.
— os, $ 78, i1. 2. — Manibus ; the manes were the spirits of the
departed, and are put by metonymy for the infernal regions.

291. nubes ; the clouds and showers had been all dried up. —

a c»

274 LATIN READER.

expulit; this word properly applies only to rotis (put by synecdo-
che for curru) ; the figure by which it is joined also with vita Cwith
which privavit would be the right word) is called zeugma.

905. diverso, i.e., in the west. — Eridanus, the Po; it has
also been identified with the Rhone. — Naides (naiades), river-

nymphs; Hesperia was the poetic name of Italy. — corpora, by
enallage for corpus. —srrVS; v and u were the same letters
anciently.

318. moz, i.e., when the limbs themselves had perished.

924. Holiades from Helias, daughter of the sun ; a feminine pat-
ronymie, $ 44, 1. 3. — morti put for mortuo by metonymy. —
adsteruntur, S 23, 3, prostrate themselves. — junctis cornibus,
1.e., the crescent had joined its horns and. become the full moon.
— Phaethusa and Lampetie ; these names, signifying bright and
Shining, are well suited to the daughters of the sun. — maxima,
$ 17, irr. end. — cum vellet, ?cishing; the subjunctive with cum *
may often be rendered by the present participle.

997. faciat, S 60, 3. — tr»hat, 8 66, rr. — eat, S 59, rv. 1.
— sole qualifies rigescunt. — electra; mythology divined the
true origin of amber, as a gum from trees, which was long a puz-
zle to naturalists. — gestanda ; amber was a favorite material for
necklaces, &c., among the Roman ladies ; des carried balls of it in
their hands for coolness.

*'The Fasti of the Romans," says Ramsay, * corresponded
very closely to a modern almanac, and the Fasti of Ovid may
be considered as a poetical * Year- Book" or * Companion' to the
Roman Almanac." This work was commenced before Ovid's
banishment ; whether it was ever completed is uncertain, as
only six books are extant. Each of these is devoted to one
month, describing the festivals of the months, and. interweav-
ing much historical and mythical matter. "The Fasti did for
Roman mythology what the Metamorphoses did for Greek.
The metre of the Fasti is the Elegiae (8 82, rr.).

Book rrt. of the Fasti, devoted to the month of March, is
here given, with such omissions as bring it within reasonable
limits; it contains, complete, eight hundred and ML
verses.

The following is the calendar of this month, — the first i being
the Kalends, the seventh the Nones, and the fifteenth the Ides:—

NOTES — OVID. 275

1. D. (Kar. Man.) NP.; —2. (vr. Non.) E.F.; —3. (v. Non.)
F.0.; —4. (1v. Non.) G.C.; — 5. (ri. Non.) H.C. ; — 6. (prid.
Non.) A.NP. Hoc. DIE. CAESAR. PONTIF. MAXIM. FACT. EST.
|—7. (Nox.) B.F;—8. (vir. Id.) C.F.; —9. (vu. Id.) D.C. ; —
10. (vi. Id.) E.C.; ).; — 12. (1v. Id.) G.C.;
— 13. (ur. Id.) H.EN. ; —214. (prid. Id.) A. EQ. NP. ; — 15.
(Eip.) B. NP. ; — 16. (xvir. Kal. Aprilis) C.F. ; — 17. (xvi. Kal.
Apr.) D. Lis. NP. ; —18. (xv. Kal. Apr.) E.C.; —19. (xiv.
Kal. Apr.) F. Qvix. N. ;— 20. (xur. Kal. Apr.) G.C. ; —21. (xn.
Kal. Apr.) H.C.; — 22. (xr. Kal. Apr.) A.N.; — 23. (x. Kal.
Apr.) B. TvnirL. NP. ; — 24. (1x. Kal. Apr.) C.Q. Rrex. C.F.; —
25. (vir. Kal. Apr.) D.C. ; — 26. (vir. Kal. Apr.) E.C.; — 27.
(vr. Kal. Apr.) F.NP. mHUoc. DIE. CAESAR. ALEXAND. RECEPIT ; —
28. (v. Kal. Apr.) G.C. ; — 29. (1v. Kal. Apr.) H.C. ; — 30. (ui.
Kal. Apr.) A.C. (N.P.) ; — 31. (prid. Kal. Apr.) C.C.

"The letters A, B, &c., standing first, represent the days of the
Roman week of eight days: on whichever of these letters the first
Nundinc, or market day, of the year fell, the others eame on the
same through the whole year. "The letters standing next indicate
the character of the day (Hb. $ 210). F., Fastus, on which the
prator eould hold his court; .N., Nefastus; C., Comitiales,
when the comitia could be held ; NP., Nefastus priore, i.e.; in
first half; EN., Endotercisus (intercisus), half fastus, half
nefastus; the 24th day is quando rex comitiavit fastus, fastus
when the rex sacrificulus (IIb. $ 147) has performed sacrifice in
the Comitium; EQ. (14th day) is the equiria, or annual horse-
race; TvnirL (23d day) is the purification of trumpets, tubi-
lustrium ; QviN (19th day) is the Festival of Minerva.

3. roges, $ 60, 4. — poetae, $ 51, vr. — Minervee; i.e., al-
though she is the goddess of wisdom and industry. — ingenuis,
worthy of. a freeman. — vacat, i.e., for that reason. — Pallas was
an epithet of the Grecian Athena, who was identified with the
Roman Minerva.

9. ter senos, $ 18, ir. 3. — proles ; Romulus and Remus, sons
of Mars by the priestess Rea Sylvia (or Ilia) ; they had been ex-
posed in their infancy, in order to perish, but found by the shep- .
herd Faustulus, who brought them up as his own children. —
actos — abactos, i.e., a preedonibus. — genus ; their mother was
daughter of Numitor, the rightful king of Alba, who had been
dispossessed by his brother Amulius. — pater editus; i.e., Mars,
declared. their father.

276 LATIN READER.

. 19. quamvis properly means however much, and takes the subj. -
by $ 61, 2; but in the later writers it was used for quamquam,
although, with the indic. — transsiluisse; when Remus jumped
over his brother's walls in derision, he was killed by his brother.
— pater, Romulus. — credor, S 67, 1v. 1. — anno, dative.

29. et tamen, noí but that ; Mars was in the earliest times the
chief god of Latium. — hoc ; the supremacy of Mars.

93. totidem kalendas; the Roman year originally consisted
of only ten months. — mensibus, $ 54, v. end. — facundum,
eloquent, from fà-ri, to speak and termination cundus. — pila ;
the pilum, a short heavy javelin, was the distinctive Roman
weapon.

39. "They had not yet noticed that twelve moons made a sidereal
year. —signa; a play upon this word, which in verse 41. means
constellations, and in the next military standards. — tenebant,
observe. — fceno, $ 54, 1., here expressing material: the first stand-
ard was a wisp of hay.

47. animi, S 50, r. 4. — ratione, not reason, but reasoning.
— mensibus decem, $ 54, v. end: the lustrum was a period
of four years; but here, and in a few other cases, it is considered
to have been five years, — an irregularity which ** may probably be.
traced to the irregularity with which the sacrifice of the * lustrum"
was performed." (Ramsay.)

502. Pompilius ; Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome,
who was invited from Cures, a Sabine town. :'To him most of the
religious institutions of the city are ascribed. — deductus; this
word means escorted. with ceremony. — hoc, $ 52, ur. (1) note.
— Samio:. Pythagoras, a philosopher of Samos, taught the
transmigration of souls; he lived, however, a long time after the
alleged reign of Numa. — Bgeria, a nymph, was fabled to have
been the wife of Numa, and to have taught him much wisdom.

50. errabant; the year consisted of 355 days, and it was the
rule that every other year a month was intercalated, of alternately
23 and 22 days. This intercalation was left, however, to the
eaprice of the pontifices; and the result was **a degree of uncer-
. tainty and confusion, to which we can find. no parallel in the his-
tory of a civilized people. . . . Accordingly, when Cesar became
dictator, the year was about two months in advance of the seasons.
-«. To take a single example. Cicero, in one of his Epistles to
Attieus (X. 17), says that at the time when he was writing, his
journey was delayed by the Equinox. The date. affixed to this.

NOTES — OVID. 277

letter is XVII. Kal. Jun., i.e., 16th of May. In order to remedy
these defects, it was found necessary to add sixty-seven days to
the year, 46 n.c." "Phis was in the dietatorship of Cesar, who
proceeded to guard against such trouble in future, by reforming
the calendar: the year was to be of 365 days, with a day (Feb. 29)
intercalated every year which can be divided by 4. "This is the
Julian Calendar. "This was still not quite accurate, however ; and
Pope Gregory XIIL., in the sixteenth century of our era, estab-
lished the Gregorian Calendar, by which the intercalation is
omitted in each year which can be divided by 100, but not
by 400.

56. in multis, ín his many duties. —ille deus; Julius Cesar,
like his suecessors, was deified after his death. — propaginis;
Augustus, in whose reign this was written, was the adopted son
of Julius. — deus and hospes, $ 46; nor, when a god, to enter as
a stranger, &c. — moras, the periods of time.

64. e pleno, etc. — out of. a full day (made up of the extra
hours in the three intervening. years) constructed the fourth period,
orleap-year.— lustrum here stands properly for the period of
four years.

67. The poet here addresses Mars Gradivus (going into battle) ;
the festival. Matronalia, celebrated by matrons, fell on the first
day of March. —— virilibus; ** Mars is eonnected with as, as
'Apge is with àppgv." (Paley.) — Dic, 8 33, irr. 2. —in nova cas-
tra; i.e., into an unaccustomed field.

79. hujus, sc. Romee; i.e., which now exists. — credita, be-
lieved. —regia; the palace of the kings still stood by the Forum.
— venit in astra, i.e., became a god. — Romanus, $ 44, rv. 5. —
male, hardly ; compare male forte, v. 36. — vellet, 8 65, tv. 2.

95. mentem; ** not animum, courage, but mentem, i.e., con-
silium, craft." (Paley.) — tolle, away with. — Consus, usually
called the Equestrian Neptune, appears to have been a god of the
under-world. On his festival, Aug. ?1, the Roman youths seized
upon the Sabine virgins who were come to see the games of the
festival, and made them their wives. Cures was the chief town of
the Sabines, and most of the virgins were from that town. — The
address of Mars to Romulus ends at the word Conso. — gua,
appropriate.

101. fere, for the most part, i.e., most of them. —xraptee, S 47,
Ir. — matrum, $ 50, r. 3. — propinqua, i.e.. with relatives. —
dictam, appointed for this purpose. — mea nurus, Hersilia, wife

278 LATIN READER.

of Romulus. — hoc commune, ** They had not all children, but
they were all.captives alike." (Paley.)

106. non ultra, no longer ; lente pie, quietly faithful.

114. lituus, a curved horn, used in the cavalry. — campi, for
campum ; see $ 47, viri. —sentirent, 5 61, 1. — viris, dative com.
et incom. $ 51, 1. note. — diem, in app. with Kalendas. — quee
prima, which first, 1.e., on that occasion, witnessed this action. —
QHbaliee — Sabinee: the Sabines were fabled to be descended
from the Lacedzemonians, of whom CEbalus was an ancient king.

130. The Salii (Hb. $ 149) were a body of priests who carried
the sacred shields, ancilia; the story of their origin is related
below; Mamurius was a name of Mars, upon whom the Salii
called. — nemori stagnoque; the grove and lake of Diana at
Aricia ; it is still called the Lake of Nemi ; the nymph was Egeria ;
see note to v. 51. — operata, devo'ed to (he service.

135. Hippolytus was the son of Theseus, king of Athens. By
an artifice of his stepmother he was dashed to pieces by his own
horses, but was restored to life by ZEsculapius, and transferred to
Aricia, where he was worshipped under the name Virbius. —
tabella; this refers to the custom, when in danger, of vowing à
gift to some god, and after recovery or preservation, consecrating
pietures representing the danger. "The same custom still exists in
Italy. Among such offerings to the Diana of Aricia, were lighted
torches brought. by women. — Regna; the priest of this sanctuary,
called Rex Nemorensis, was a fugitive slave, who must obtain
his place by attacking and killing his predecessor. — Camenee:
these were nymphs of a fountain, possessing oracular powers ; they
were afterwards identified with the Greek Muses.

-149. ne, ete.; that the more vigorous should not have all the
power. — eequum, $ 47, 1v. (1).— vina salsaque farra; these
were common offerings to the gods. — aquis, $ 54, vi. — ne ter-
rere, $ 58, iii. 1. — Picus and Faunus were old Italian gods of
nature. — numen utrumque, $ 46.

163. sine vi, unless forced. .** The supreme god is too awful to
be approached at once by a mortal. "The intervention of inferior
deities is necessary to extort the required seeret. Yet even they
are reluctant to. employ the potent spells which will bring bim
from the sky, and only do so because they cannot help them-
selves." (Paley.) — adhibeto, $ 58, iii. end. — qua agrees with
arte. The Aventine was the southernmost of the. seven hills of
Rome, famous for a temple of Diana. — niger, dark; ater is black;

-

NOTES — OVID. 279

the ilex, or evergreen oak, has a very dark foliage. — posses,
$ 60, 1. — Bacchi — vini. — arcta agrees with vincla; in governs
manus. :

182. Faunus was represented, like the Grecian Pan, with horns.
— per te, $ 54, i. end. — ab arte; this is an unusual construction :
persons require ab by $ 56, rv., things take the abl. alone by
$ 54, ; see $ 56, rv. note. — Styx; see note on Phaéthon, v. 45.
— nobis, $ 51, vui. end. — Hlicium; the temple of Jupiter Elicius
was on the Aventine.

207. amb-age, « going around, or obscurity ; xemota 1s here
used as an adjective, distant or obscure; the ingenuity by which
Numa avoided human sacrifices is now related. — animam, /;fe. —
facito [ut] procures; a formal style of imperative; see that thou
make atonement. — Cynthius, an epithet of Apollo.

931. margine, f/ie horizon.

242. submisere is generally rendered cast down ; Paley thinks
here it should be cast up. — ancile; the prefix an or amb means
on both sides; but it 1s impossible to derive this word, with Ovid,
from ceedo; perhaps from ceelo, £o carve, as the ancile was an oval
shield, hollowed in on each side of the oval. — imperii limits sor-
tem. — morum, etc., awhether more precise in character, or, &c. —
munificus, $ 17, i. note. — Mamurium vocant; this story was
made up to explain the occurrence of the word in the hymn.

263. Una nota; the day before this (in a passage omitted) has
two marks of distinction ; the Nones but one. —Marti, sc. mensis;
this use of the &en. of the name of the month, limiting Nonis, is
rare; the regular form would be Martiis Nonis, $ 15, end. —
Vejovis; this word is generally explained to mean **the evil
Jupiter," corresponding to Siva or Satan; the meaning is, how-
ever, doubtful. "This temple was in the hollow between the two
heights of the saddle-shaped Capitoline, where Romulus opened the
Asylum.

268. invidiosa, «n object of' envy. — cux-vé ; $ 78, rr. 1, note;
the adverb, from curvus, would be curve, 8 78, rr. 6. — juven-
alis; the statue of Vejovis on the Asylum was youthful, holding a
bundle of arrows, for which reason he was often identified with
Apollo. — ausos, $.72, 2. — The Giants were sons of. Uranus and
Gaia (Heaven and Earth); **terrible they were to look upon;
long, thick hair flowed down from chin and head, and their feet
were covered with serpents' scales." (Ramsay.) They attacked
Zeus (Jupiter), and were by him vanquished. It was not the

280 LATIN READER.

giants, but the Aloidz, Otus and Ephialtes, that piled Pelion upon
Ossa. — Jovi, $51, vin. note.

211. The goat was sacred to Vejovis: Ovid identifies it with the
goat with whose milk the infant Zeus was nourished by the nymphs
in Crete. — vegrandia and vesca. **'These illustrations have
not been happily selected. There can be no doubt that * ve? does
possess the force of a negative in certain words, such as * vecors'
and *vesanus;'....but 'vegrandis' and 'vescus' have been
quoted by the old grammarians as examples of words to which the
particle in question communicates a double meaning; the former
being either * not large! or * very large;? the latter, either * little
eating," * small," * weak," * delicate,' or * much eating. " (Ramsay.)

284. The winged horse Pegásus sprang from the blood of the
Gorgon Medusa, wher her head was cut off by Perseus. — connect
cervice with prosiluisse, sanguine with respersis.— aquas;
the fountain Jippocrene (fountain of the horse), at the foot of
Mount Helicon, sacred to the Muses, was caused by a stroke of the
hoof of Pegasus. — subter sidera, $ 56, i. 3.

294. Gnosida, from Gnossus, a city of Crete, the birthplace of
Ariadne, daughter of Minos, king of Crete. She had forsaken her
home with Theseus, but was abandoned by him on the island of
Naxos, and discovered there by Dionysus (Jacchus). — Theseo,
$ 47, v. — conjuge, $ 54, 1. ; we should say, had exchanged her |
J'aithless husband, for, &c. —«quee, Ariadne ; she had saved Theseus
from the labyrinth, by giving him a clew of thread by which to
trace his way. — legenda, £o be gathered, so traced back. — ille,
Theseus.— Liber, a Roman divinity identified with Bacchus.—
depexos crinibus, síraighi-haired ; **to distinguish them from
the tribes of East Africa, who had woolly hair." (Paley.)

307. Theseu, $ 10, 10. — causa relata mea est, my former
condition is renewed. — nulla — non.— in lacrimas meas, as
causing my tears.

322. falli depends on digna; the usual construction would be
quee fallar, 8 65, 1v. 1. —audibat — audiebat, 8$ 33, rrr. 5. —
vocabula, a name; Libera was the female goddess corresponding
to Liber ; usually identified with Proserpine (Hb. $ 65). — sint, sc.
ut, depending on faciam. — coronee, $ 50, r. 3. — illa (Venus),
sc. dedit. — illa (v. 334), 1.e., corona.

935. Anna Perenna (per annos) is the goddess of the re-
volving year, especially connected with the changing moon; for
which.reason her festival came appropriately on the full-moon

*

NOTES — OVID. 281

(Ides) of the first month of the year. "This festival was held in
the fields north of the city, near the present city walls. — geniale,
merry ; from genius, the spirit that was born with each man. —
advena, because the 'Thybris (Tiber) rose in Etruria. — Sub
Jove, in the open air ; Jupiter was originally the god of the Sky,
and in many expressions this primitive meaning is preserved. —
Sunt quibus — aliquibus, by analogy with S 67, 1r. 1, note; we
should expect the subj. after it by $ 65, rv. 2. — sumant, $ 66, r.
— cyathos; the cyathus was a measure of about one-third gill.

945. Nestor and the Sibyl both reached a great age. — per
calices suos, as far as the number of cups could effect it. —
jactant manus, i.e., gesticulate. — posito, /aid aside, or, as
Paley thinks, p/aced in the middle. — duras, awkward. — culta,
well-dressed. or bedizened. — volgi, S 10, 9.

956. proposito meo, according to my plan. — ZBneee, 8 50,
nr. (Hb. $ 44). On his way from Troy to Italy, ZEneas was enter-
tained at Carthage by Queen Dido and her sister Anna. Dido
loved him; and, when he left, kiled herself 'This is Virgil's
story; here Ovid takes up the tale. — arserit is used the first
time for the flame of love, the second for material fire. — com-
positus, a technical expression, like inferred. — tumuli in mar-
more, i.e., on the marble tomb.

362. ipsá sua; $ 78, 1r. 5. — potitur; this form of the third
conj. frequently occurs in poetry; the shortening of a long syl-
lable is called Systóle. — spretum, sc. esse; Iarbas had been a
rival of ZEneas for the love of. Dido. — Elissa was another name
of Dido. — reppulit; ré is short, but is frequently lengthened by
the figure called .Diastóle, in which case the following consonant
is sometimes doubled. — olim; sometimes. — rege; the ancients
called the queen-bee, Ang.

969. Three years had passed. "Tertia — for the third time;
area, (he threshing-floor ; nudandas, to be bared of the chatf;
lacus, /he wine vat. —libatas, poured out, ie., falling; and
receive (are touched by) tAe hair falling from her head, as she:
leans over. illis, $ 51, v. — pede eequo, in straight course ;
pes is the sAeet, or rope, that fastens the sail, and sets it to the
wind ;. this means, then, before the wind.

9/9. Cosyra, Pantellaria, is an island half-way between Sicily:
and. Africa; Melita, Malta, is further East. — opum, 8$ 50, r. 4.
— quantulacumque ; see foot of 'T. 6. — servasset, $ 68, 1. —
Pygmalion was king of Tyre, brother of Dido and Anna.—-exilio,:

282 LATIN READER.

dative after paranda. — perosus, $ 38, r. 2. — quovis, from
quivis, any whatsoever.

993. The Crathis was a river in the southern part of Italy. —
Carbasa; this word is feminine in the singular, and neuter in the
plural (Bdteloptmeoust $ 14, 1.).

406. The reading of this line is doubtful; we have followed
Merkel's edition of 1853; in 1841 he gave at and vix for aut and
his, which is also Paley's reading; probably votis is abl., and his
dat. after poscit, referring to habenis. — exsul, $ 47, rr. end.
— lumina for oculos, by metonymy; puppis for navis, by
synecdoche, — aliquam ; *'some ground, i.e., even though in
the grave. For it was thouzht the greatest of misfortunes to be
unburied, if one was lost at sea." (Paley.) — Laurentum was a
town on the coast of Latium, about sixteen miles from Rome, so
called from its laurel groves; here ZEneas had come from Car-
thage, and was founding his new kingdom, having married
Lavinia, daughter of' King Latinus.

415. Achate; we should expect ab by $ 56, rv. ; Achates was
the faithful follower of /Eneas. — sustinet, is aU/e. — veniret,
$. 60,3; 8$ 57. — ZBneas, sc. miratur.

423. Cythereius; /Eneas was son of Venus, one of whose
names was pe — tui, $ 19, rir. — quam, $ 48, rri. second
note; $ 52, vr.; $ 70. — comites; JEneas had brought with
him the des: or household gods, ed established their worship
at his new city, Lavinium. — moras; he tarried in Carthage,
when the gods had. directed him to go to Italy. — de morte, sc.
Didus.— credibili, neut., an exception to $ 47, rv. (1) note;
she (Dido) was braver than could have been believed, as was shown
by her death. — Tartareas; Eneas had visited the infernal
regions, and had there seen the shade of Dido. — ratio, a plan or
design.

495. memores, sc. nos. — tibi and EHElisse, dat. after de-
bemus. — nil non, every thing; a litotes. —paratus, $8 52, 1v.
end.

449. exactum, /houghi out, agrees with quid agat. — squal-
enti, 8$ 25, r. note.

459. Numicius, a small river near Lavinium ; the river god was
represented with horns. — Sidónis, S 44, 1. 3. — Amne per-
enne; this is given as one derivation of the name Anna Perenna ;
** the form of the ablative in e from adjectives in is is said to be
peculiar to Ovid." (Paley.)

NOTES — OVID. 283

407. It is well known that Julius Csesar was assassinated on the
Ides of March. — Vesta, goddess of the hearth.

476. Cesar held the priestly office of Pontifex Maximus, the
head of the Roman religion. (Hb. $143.) Philippi was the scene
of the great battle, B.C. 42, in which Brutus and Cassius, the
chiefs of the conspiracy against Cesar, were defeated by Antony
and Octavianus, and lost their lives. — elementa, beginnings. —
Caesaris; Octavius, the great-nephew of Julius Caesar, was
adopted by him as his son, receiving his adoptive father's name,
distinguished by the cognomen (Hb. $ 127) Octavianus; he was
afterwards called Augustus.

488. Tertia; this was March 17, both days being counted in
reckoning:the date, $ 83. Some of the exploits and conquests of
Bacchus are enumerated in these lines. — Sithonas, Thracian. —
Scythicos; the Scythians were the T'artar tribes north and east
of the Caspian Sea. — Tu quoque; Pentheus, king of Thebes,
who resisted the religion of Dionysus, and was torn in pieces
by his own mother in a fanatic frenzy. — Lycurgus; a king of
'Thrace, who in a similar frenzy cut off one of his own legs with a
hatchet. — Tyrrhena; Bacchus was captured by "Tyrrhenian
pirates, whom he turned into dolphins.— liba, cakes used in
sacrifice, made of cheese, flour, and an egg, over which honey was
poured.

492. ** Grass grew upon the altars where no fire was ever
kindled for sacrifice." (Ramsay).— libamen and libum are of
course derived from libo, not liber. — satyris ;.the satyrs were
men with ears and tails of goats, who accompanied Bacchus (Hb.
$ 26) ; they are often represented as playing on eymbals ; by these
the bees were attracted, as is their nature. — Hebrus, a river in
'Phrace; Rhodope and Pangeea, mountains in the same country.

510. levis, smooth (headed), bald ; this was Silenus, the chicf
one in the train of Dionysus, an old man, generally drunk. —
*residebat expresses the lazy, slouching attitude of Silenus."
(Ramsay). —super, $ 56, rr. end. — parentis, i.e., as being an old
man. —limum inducere, fo spread a coating of' mud. — pater,
i.e., Bacchus; a frequent epithet of a god. — jure, righ£fully.

527. Minerva, goddess of wisdom (same root as mens), had
her principal festival, Quinquatria, on the five days, March 19-23.
— Una dies media est, one d«y (March 18) intervenes after the
festival of Baechus. — quee refers to sacra; the correct explana-
tion of the name is, that it was the fifth day after the Ides. —

284 LATIN READER.

sanguine, i.e., of cladiators. — rasa arena; the space of the
amphitheatre was spread with sand for the gladiatorial combats.
— bellica; the Grecian Pallas Athena, with whom Minerva was
identified, was also a warlike goddess. — stantes: the threads
(telae) of the warp were suspended vertically ; radio, the shuttle;
pectine, the reed, by which the loose (rarum) work is pressed
compactly together. — Qui leesis, etc.; 1i.e., the fullers, **the
importance of whose occupation will be understood, when we
remember that the Romans, until a very late period, wore woollen
garments exclusively." (Ramsay.) — quisquis, etc.; i.e., the
dyers. — vincula plantee, straps for shoes or sandals. — invita
Pallade: invita Minerva was a common expression, to denote
contrary to ones natural bent. — sit, S 61, 2. — Tychius was, in
Homer, the name of the artist who made the shield of Ajax.

543. manibus, in íhe hands, i.e., in. skill in handieraft. —
Epéus was the one who constructed the famous wooden horse at
Troy. — Phoebea; Phobus Apollo was god of healing, as well as
his son ZEsculapius. — censu fraudata; this refers to the poor
pay of teachers. — ceelum, burin or engraver's tool: carved gems
and cameos were common in ancient times. — uris; encaustic
painting, the art of burning in the colors, was a favorite one
among the ancients, but is now lost. — mollia; the sculptor
seems to give life and softness to the hard marble.

553. Mount Czlius was south-east of the Palatine; the temple
here mentioned was probably on its northern slope. — coepit
habere, i.e., it was dedicated on her birthday, March 18. —
capitis: the myth represents Athena to have sprung armed from
the head of Zeus. "The Falisei were the inhabitants of Falerii, an
Etruscan city captured by Camillus, n.c. 394. It was customary
for the Romans to adopt the deities of conquered nations; the
old spelling capta (litera prisca) should support this deriva-
tion. — habet; this passage 1s doubtful and obscure; probably
Minerva is subj. — capitis poenas, capital punishment. —eegida ;
the zgis of Athena was a goat-skin mantle with a Medusa's head,
worn usually over her oreast.

567. Summa e quinque, //e last of the five; this was the Tubi-
lustrium, or ceremony of purifying trumpets, the invention of wind-
instruments being attributed to Minerva. — Hic, (he sun; pressit,
entered. 'The sign Aries was supposed to be the ram that carried
Phrixus and Helle. — tostis, parched. — tripodas: the tripod was
a three-legged stool, upon which the priestess of Apollo at Delphi

NOTES — OVID. 285

sat to deliver oracles. — sorte, /of; frequently used for oracle. —
corruptus: this is a play upon the word; the messenger was
corrupted (bribed), as well as the seeds, v. 571. — Phrixus and
Helle were children of Athamas, who were persecuted by their .-
stepmother Ino, and fled, swimming upon the golden-fleeced ram.
Helle lost her hold, and was drowned, giving her name to the
Hellespont (sea of Helle) ; Phrixus reached Colchis in safety with
the ram, and consecrated its fleece. The expedition of the Argo-
nauts, under Jason, had for its object to get the golden fleece.

9078. Compülérunt; the e of the penult in this form is fre-
quently shortened by the figure called Sysíóle. — mater: their
mother was Nephele, c/oud. — draconigenam (from gigno, pro-
duce); 'Thebes was founded by Cadmus, who slew a dragon, and
sowed its teeth, from which sprang up armed men, the ancestors
of the 'Thebans (Hb. $ 38).

5088. nomina aquee, Hellespont. — ut — quasi, as if. — junc-
tam, sc. eam.-

599. Janus, the god of opening, represented with two faces, as
looking both ways, towards the future and the past. From him
the month January was named, the opening of the year. — Luna ;
the months were originally cycles of the moon.

VIRGIL.

Pusrtr1US VrRGILIUS Manmo (also spelled Virgilius) was
born at Mantua, B.C. 79, and died in 19. He was the greatest
of the Roman poets, and obtained great popularity in his own
life, being favored and protected by Augustus. His works
do not possess much originality, but great finish and beauty.
His first publieation was the * DBucolies," consisting of ten
Eclogues, or pastoral Dialogues and Idyls. Next, the * Geor-
gies," in four Books, said to have been written in order to
call attention to agriculture, which had been neglected during
the civil wars. His great Epic, the * 7Eneid," was written,
but had not received its finishing touches, when its author
died.

The passage here given is taken from the fourth book of
the. * Georgics," which treats. of the care of Bees: —

286 LATIN READER.

l. Tempe, a beautiful and sacred valley in "Thessaly, where
the River Penéus breaks through between Mounts Olympus and
Ossa, into the ZEgean Sea. "The form is a Greek neut. plur. —
fama, sc. est. — extremi, $ 47, viri. — Thymbreeus, a common
epithet of Apollo, derived from the name of a river in the Troad,
where he had a temple. — ceelum sperare; i.e., being the son of
a god, he might hope for immortality. — te matre, although thou
art my mother.

17. thalamo sub; this position of the prtepostiion after the
verb is called Anastróphe; so eam circum below. — The Milesian
wool was of very fine quality. — Arethusa, nymph of a fountain
in Sicily.

26. Penei, a dissyllable, by the figure called Syn«résis.

97. tonsis mantelia villis, £owels with shorn naps, S 54, u. —
Pancheea was a district in Arabia, the country producing frankin-
cense. — Meeonii — Lydian. — Oceanus was in some theogonies
the parent of all the gods. — centum agrees with nymphas. —
Vesta was goddess of the hearth. — summum tecti ; for the more
usual summum tectum.

47. The Carpathian Sea was that part of the /Egean south-west
of Asia Minor. — piscibus forms with bipedum equorum, an
Hendiadys (£v óià Óvoiv, one through two) ; that is, a compound
idea expressed by two nouns; fishes and. two-legged. horses means
horses with two legs and fishes! tails. — metitur; passes over in
measured courses. — Emathia, a district of Macedonia; Pallene
is a promontory projecting southward into the ZEgean. — Nereus,
god of the calm sea. |

60. circum heec, against these. — "Ehe story here told of Pro-
teus is like those of Faunus, Fasti, v. 161, ff.

71. crinibus, $ 54, vr. — plurima agrees with unda; many a.
— in latebris, $ 56, r. 1, note. — hauserat, ad occupied or passed
over. — ad limum belongs with coquebant.

97. Cujus, Proteus.— quoniam is used here in its primitive
meaning (quom iam), when now. — nam quis — quisnam, who,
pray? — vi multa, ardentes, and frendens, express the epilepsy
which betokened inspiration.

114. Non nullius, $ 43, 12; these parts of a compound word are
separated by the figure called Z'mesis.— Orpheus, a renowned singer
of early times, who mourned inconsolably for his wife Eurydice. —
haudquaquam ob meritum qualifies miserabilis. — ni F'ata re-
sistant; there is an Zilipsis here; he invokes this vengeance [and

NOTES — VIRGIL. 287

it will be fulfilled]; unless, &c. — eequalis, of her own age.—
Dryadum, í(he wood mnymphs.— Rhodope and Pangeea were
mountains of Thrace; Rhesus, an old king of "Thrace, who took
part in the Trojan war; the Geetee, a people of Thrace; Hebrus,
the principal river of Thrace; Orithyia, an Athenian (Actias)
maiden, who was carried away by Boreas to Thrace. Verse 124
is a spondaic verse: $ 82, 1. note.

198. Tsnarum was a promontory south of Greece, by which was
a descent to the infernal regions, or Erebus. — Manesque; this
superfluity of conjunctions goes by the name of Polysyndéton. —
Regem, Dis, or Pluto.

140. Cocytus and Styx were two of the rivers of the infernal
regions (Hb. $ 30). — Eumenides, the Furies; Cerberus, the
three-headed dog who guarded the lower world. — Ixionii, etc.,
the wheel of. the. Ixionian circle or revolution ; Ixion was bound to
a wheel made to revolve by the wind; but vento is dat.

147. Eurydice was restored by the gods of Hades, on condition
that he should not look back upon her until he had reached the
upper world. — animi, $ 50,1. 4. — fragor, the thunder with which
Pluto announced that the condition was broken, and called Eury-
dice back. — Quis agrees with furor. — paludem, i.e., the Styx.

169. The Strymon was the second river of Thrace, next to the
Hebrus. — Philomela was a princess of Athens, who was changed
into a nightingale.

177. Venus, put by metonymy for love. — Tan-ais, the Don. —
'The Rhipzan mountains were fabled mountains in the far north. —
'lThe Cicones were a Thracian people. — quo munere, by this
tribute of love. — CHagrius; (Eagrus was father of Orpheus. —
spumantem, etc., he threw wp the water into a foam under the
eddy. — Cyxene, sc. tacuit, or some such word.

-191. illa, Eurydice. — Napeeas, nymphs of the dell. — summa,
$ 52, 1. note. — Lycaeus was a mountain in Arcadia; he must
send there for cattle, since those of Thessaly had perished.— -
intacta cervice, unyoked; itis still the custom in Europe to use
teams of cows.

206. Orphei, dat., of Greek form. — Letheea; Lethe, oblivion,
was one of the rivers of Hades.— uvam; the swarm of bees
hanging from the branches was like a bunch of grapes. :

Under Tityrus of the First Eclogue, Virgil is supposed to
represent himself. In the plundering and confiscations after

288 LATIN READER.

the civil war, he came near losing his lands, but received
them back by the favor of Cz»sar Octavianus, afterwards the
emperor Augustus. .A less fortunate neighbor, Melibeus,
passes by, and enters into conversation with him.

2. avena, oaten straw ; put by synecdoche for the pipe which was
made of it. — Notice the emphasis of tu and nos.

17. preedicere, $ 57, rv. end. — qui deus, what god, not quis,
who the god is.— huic nostree,i.e., Mantua. — parvis, dat.; it
could also be cum parvis; see S 51, 1. first note.

29. Emancipated slaves shaved their beards, which before they
had suffered to grow. — Peculi; the property of a slave (of course
only nominally his) was called peculium.

99. aberat, $ 80; last par. but one. — juvenem; Octavianus
was at this time twenty-two. — submittite, raise or rear. —
quamvis, £o whatever degree; S 61, 2, note. — omnia, all the
arable land; a good deal of the country about Mantua is stony,
and a good deal marshy. — insueta pabula; here Melibceus con-
trasts the security of Tityrus's flock with the exposures of his own.

54. quee refers to seepes; as i6 has always done. — florem,
$ 52, rv. — ante quam, 8$ 56, rir. ; a case of tmesis. — The Arar
was a river of Gaul, now the Saone; the Tigris, of Mesopotamia.
The Parthians lived in Persia. Germania, the country, is put
here for the inhabitant. — labatur, $ 62, r1. 1.

65. Afros is after the analogy of 8 55, rr. 2. — Cretee is
usually taken as the name of the island ; but probably it would be
better to consider it as meaning chalk, and limiting rapidum,
after the analogy of adjectives of fulness; rapid and turbid with
earth ; the Oxus or Oaxes runs into the Caspian. — post — post-
hac ; aliquot, only a few.

80. poteras, 8 59, rv. note at end. — pressi lactis — casei.

C. Asinius Pollio, an eminent poet and orator, was con-
sul p.c. 40, the year in which a reconciliation was brought
about, largely by his means, between Octavianus and Antony.
This peace, with the hope it excited of tranquillity and pros-
perity in future, was the occasion of Virgil's Fourth Eclogue,
in which certain vague prophecies are also commemorated.
It has been a favorite theory of many, that the imagery of
this Eclogue was imitated by Virgil from the Hebrew
prophets, especially Isaiah ch. xr.

NOTES — PLAUTUS. 289

1. Sicelides; bucolie or pastotal poetry was carried to its
greatest perfection by the Sicilian Theocritus. — Cumeei; the
Cumszan Sibyl had sold to king Tarquin the Proud the books
containing the fate of Rome; they were carefully preserved and
consulted on important occasions. — magnus seeclorum ordo:
le., a * great year;" a new cycle, which should repeat all that
: had taken place before, and which therefore should commence
with the rule of Saturn, in whose former reign all had been peace-
ful and happy, as described in this Eclogue. — Virgo; Astrwa,
goddess of justice. — nascenti puero, af his birth ; this probably
refers to the young son of Pollio, born in this year. — ferrea,
sc. gens; the ''iron age" should give way to a new ** golden
age." — Lucina, goddess of birth. — Apollo; the Sibyl had
declared that the age of Apollo was the last; Lucina was identified
with Diana, sister of Apollo, hence the possessive tuus. — adeo
is used to emphasize te; inibit, sc. cursum. — Ille, i.e., puer.

26. simul, sc. atque.

92. Thetis, a sea-nymph, mother of Achilles; here put for the
sea. — Tiphys was pilot of the Argonautic cubeliti cs: all these
heroic events are to be repeated. — ad "Trojam, 8 55, rrr. 2, end.
— Parcee, the Latin name for the Fates.

48. honores, $ 52, i. — convexo; referring to the vault of
heaven. — Terrasqué ; que is not long before tr- (8 78, 1. note
at end), but by Csesura. — seeclo, $ 54, r. — Linus was an old
bard, associated with Orpheus. — quamvis here — etiamsi. —
Pan, god of nature, the inventor of the pipe. —— certet, $ 59,
1v. 1. —tulérunt, Systole. — mensa, $ 54, nur.

PLAUTUS.

T. Maccrvs PravTUS was born at Sarsina, in Umbria,
2.0. 254, came to Rome, and obtained great popularity as a
writer of comedies ; he died at the age of seventy. He wrote
a large number of plays, twenty of which are now extant;
they were translated from the Greek writers of the New
Comedy, or what we should call comedy of society, and depict
the manners of the Greeks of his day with much life and
humor.

I9

290 LATIN READER.

The following extract is from the Amphitruo. In the
absence of Amphitruo in war, Jupiter visits his wife Alemena,
in the form of her husband, stationing Mercury outside as
guard, in the form of Amphitruo's slave Sosia. Meantime
the real Sosia returns, the war being triumphantly ended,
and finds his double standing guard at the gate of the house.

For the metre, see end of $ 82. In the comic metres, very
frequent substitutions are permitted; thus the first foot of the
first verse is a dactyl, 1b! t hé- ; the sixth foot, a spondee, -menee ;
in the next verse the fifth foot is an anapzst, viídé'hoc. In
trochaic, like iambic measure, the foot makes a metre ; the accents
mark the first syllable of each metre, where the ictus should fall.

174. 5. Alcumene — Alcmenee this insertion or substitution -
of u occurs in several Greek words employed by the comie writers.
Set — sed. — sedis, $ 11, r. 2. — hoc noctis, $ 52, rv. ; $ 50,
IL, ai this time of night.— Nullust, $ 1, last par. but one.—
Quom, top of p. 2. — Illic, an old form for iile.

8. The second foot is hoc méüm ; final m appears to have been
nearly silent in common speech, so that the u is short even before
two consonants. — pallium, à garment worn by the Greeks for
the Roman toga. — detexere, s/eal. — dentes pruriunt ; his teeth
are itching for me (eager to get hold of me). — v. 7 contains the
tribrachs, mísérí and méiís hé. — obsecro — for heavens sake.
— [he two lines beginning Clare are aside.

17. heri (yesterday) quod, etc., a substantive clause, subject of
factum esse. — nudos, i.e., spoliatos. — Quinctus (he Afin),
a& common Roman name.

22. Non feret, he shall not report. — vapulet, an active verb
with a passive meaning, $ 35, rr. end.

1*5. 1. esse $ 37, v. —In proin, thetwo syllables are scanned
as one. — esurientibus, $ 36, rv. — hau — haud. — tractim
tangere, sí/roke ; used ironically.

10. mirum ni, a wonder if. not — I suppose. — mureenam : the
lamper-eel was a great favorite with the Romans, and was boned,
after being beaten with a rod. — ultro, without provocation. —
Olet homo ; he pretends to know by the smell that somebody is
near, J smell a man.— malo, S8 51, vir.— superstitiosus, c
soothsayer. — domes, soften them.

NOTES — PLAUTUS. 29I

alas intervelli, piucked the wings of my voice. —jumento
suo, $ 54, 1. ; and sends his own horse for it. — After jumentum
is a Aiatus; i.e., the um is not elided by Ecthlipsis (8 80) ;
the next foot is therefore onéran-. — ne existumes, sc. me. —
nescio quis, $ 67, 1. 1, note. — vicem, $ 52, tv., in the place of ;
hic, this fellow, 1.e., 1.

176. 1. eccum — ecce illum. — edepol, by Pollux ; an oath of
doubtful etymology. ilicet (ilicet), i is a// up. — certumst,
my mind is made up. — hominem, object of adloqui. — qui, an
old ablative, by which, S 21, 1. note.

Volcanum in cornu conclusum, fire shut up 4n a horn lan-
lern. — Ain — aisne? — Verbero, scoundrel, — mentire —
mentiris: Sosias takes verbero as the verb, not the noun. —
Pergin — pergisne? See note $ 1, near end. — argutarier, $ 33, -
III. 9. — aput — apud.

18. tutatust, sc. nos. — Nescio quam, like nescio quis ; you
are pretty familiar ; à play upon the word familiaris, which in the
line above is used in the meaning one of. the family of slaves. —
nisi abis; this use of the pres. indic. in a Protasis, referring to
future time, is quite common in Plautus; it is like the English
idiom ** unless you go off." — familiaris accipiere, 1.e., although
you are one of the family, you shall, &c. — horunc — horum.

177. 9. Quin, but. —familiai, $ 9, 2. —sis, $ 37, r. note. —vis
is here used like our ,wi/l ; you will be thrashed. — Heeccine; ne
is the enclitic interrogative, ci an emphatic affix. — Ita; there is
no special word in Latin for yes. — Immo, nay but.

17. At parum etiam, etc.; le., you will cry a great deal
more. — usu, by use, that is, possession. — vaniloquu's — vani-
loquus es.

878. 3. Nam illut; ecthlipsis does not take place here. — te
utinam, an hiatus. — istuc fecissent; 1.e., had fled from me. —
per pacem, on peaceful. terms. — fide, dative after credo. — mi
— mihi. — etiam denuo, s/il| again. — noster, our slave.—
portu Persico, a harbor near Thebes.

179. 2. quor — cur. — The Teleboz; were a peeple of Acar-
nania, — ét ipsis [— ipse]; an amphibrach taking the place of
the trochee. — illi, (here. — qui — quà. — quid me captas, wy
do you cross-question me ?

292 LATIN READER.

28. vini, $ 50, rv. 5. —ut matre natum fuerat, pure as it
came from ihe vine.— mira sunt — mirum est, see note to
p. 175. — med — me.

180. 3. injurato, $ 54, x. note. — petasum; this was a hat
with a brim. — an, $ 71, rr. end. — Vivo fit; (hat is done to me
alive which will never be done after my death ; i.e., the imagines,
or images of the ancestors were carried in the funeral of a noble,
but of course a slave could not have them, nor even an ignoble
person; now Mercury acts as his imago.

quod faxit Juppiter, may Jupiter grant it ; a slave on gaining
his liberty had his head shaved, and put on the pileus, or cap.

TERENCE. :

P. TERENTIUS ArrR (/he African) was born at Carthage,
B.C. 195; became a slave in Rome; and, when manumitted
by his master, distinguished himself by writing comedies, —
like those of Plautus, translated from the Greek. He died
s.c. 159. His plays are more finished, but less witty, than
those of Plautus.

The Heautontimorumenos (se/f-tormentor) is an old man,
Menedemus, who blames himself for harsh treatment of his
son, and, to quiet his remorse, keeps hard at work in his gar-
den. Here he is accosted by a neighbor, Chremes. "This play
is translated from the Greek of Menander, the most eminent
writer of the New Comedy.

For the metre, see $ 82, rrr. ; there are the same irregularities
. as in the trochaie septenarius.

181. 1. nuper admodum, very recent. — 2. Inde adeo, from
just this cause. — 93. rei, i.co., notitia, acquaintance. — 0. quod
"relates to vicinitas; $ 47, 1v. (2). —in propinqua parte ami-
citiee, [neighborhood] which I hold next of' kin to friendship. —
8. res tua, your circumstances.

18. siet — sit.— 14. tute; the te is intensive. — officia; the
verbs given in $ 54, rir. frequently govern the aec. in the early
writers. — 20. fiat, sc. a servis. — 21. operee, $ 50, rr.

TT TNCITTT CREER E

NOTES — CICERO. - 293

1893, 1. Homo sum, etc. ; this is the famous line that ** brought
down the house," as we are told. — facto, 8 54, vir. first note. —
face; this form is frequent in the old writers; see S 33, rrr. 2. —
laboris, $8 50, nu. 2. — nollem, sc. te reprehendere, i.e., if
the task were needless. — hos, i.e., rastros, — meum, my char-
acter, or actions. — clam me, $ 56, rr. 3. — animum, obj. of
tractare.

27. licere; speras is usually followed by the fut. infin., $ 67,
ni. 2. —tantisper dum, so /ong as.

1835. 1. me facere depends on dignum; an exception to $ 65,
IV. l.— —istuc setatis, a/ your age.— belli after gloriam. —
adeo res rediit, matters came to this pass. —xegem, sc. Per-
sarum: many enterprising Greeks took service with the king of
Persia.

20. quo lenirent; quo, in the sense of ut, is usually joined with
a comparative (S 64, 11.) ; the early writers frequently vary from
this. — mea solius causa, $ 46, 3.— vestiant, $ 60, 3. — his,
$ 54, ri. — malo quovis, $ 54, rv. — usque strengthens dum,
just so long as.
184. sumptum exercerent, work out their expenses.—in-
scripsi: put up a notice that it was for sale.

13. quanti, $ 54, x1. 1. — quee est eequom: sc. ea... credere;
in those things in which one ought to trust a father.

20. Dionysia; the great festival of Dionysus or Bacchus. —
pepulerim, $ 63, rr. — Siccine: sic with ne enclitic and the in-
tensive i.

CICERO.

M. Turrrvs CrcERO was born p.c. 106, at Arpinum, and
was murdered by order of the triumvirs, — Octavianus (Au-
gustus), Antony, and Lepidus, — B.c. 43, on his own estate, -
about half way between Rome and Naples. He is the most
eminent name in Roman literature, — the greatest orator, and
the most voluminous and pleasing writer on philosophy. His
Letters to his Family and Friends (Ad Familiares), to his
friend Atticus, and to his brother Quintus, are very numerous

. (855 in all) ; and are by far the most valuable and interesting
documents we have as to the personal history of the time.

294 LATIN READER.

Cicero had been Consul in the year B.c. 63; when the
Senate, under his lead, crushed the conspiracy of Catiline, by
what was considered an illegal and violent stretch of power.
This action was made the ground of bitter calumny and op-
position among the popular party, led by Clodius, who suc-
ceeded, five years later (B.C. 58), in driving Cicero into exile ;
from which, however, he was recalled the following year.
The passage from Velleius Paterculus, an historiau of the
time of Augustus and Tiberius, gives the circumstances of his
banishment.

B8). Per idem tempus; p.c. 58.— nobilis: Clodius be-
longed to the proud patrician gens Claudia, of which name
Clodius was a corruption. — ad plebem transisset: no patrician
could hold the office of Tribune of the Plebs, which gave most prac-
tical power to a demagogue ; Clodius was, therefore, adopted as son
by a man of plebeian family, much younger than himself, and elected
tribune. — indemnatum: in his consulship, Cicero had put to
death the aecomplices of Catiline without trial. — aqua, $ 54, v1. ;
interdiceretur is used impersonally. — Csesar and Pompey were
at this time omnipotent in the state. — dividendo agro, $ 73, rir.
note; this was a commission appointed in pursuance of an agrarian
law carried by Cesar in his consulship, 5.c. 59. — Idem, i.e.,
Cicero. — ut, «Aen. — Numidici; Q. Cecilus Metellus, the
same who fought against Jugurtha, was driven into exile (n.c.
100), in eonsequence of his opposition to the tribune Saturninus;
but was restored the following year.

'The first Letter (Ad Fam. XIV. 4) was written to his wife,
'Terentia, from Brundisium, a port in south-eastern Italy, from
which the passage was usually made into: Greece. Cicero
was now on his way through Macedonia into Asia Minor.

186. 4. Quod, $ 52, rv. — render but.

17. capitis: the caput was the civil standing, or rights of
citizenship (Hb. 8 161). — legis improbissimee: "ihe law which
threatened confiscation and exile to any one within four hundred
miles of Rome, who should receive Cicero under his roof. — pree-
staret, $ 65, rri. — gratiam referre is (o make a requital ; gratiam
habere, io feel gratitude.

NOTES — CICERO. 295

21. profecti sumus . . . petebamus, $ 57, note at end; notice
the change in tense. "The letter is written the 30th of April (prid.
Kal. Mai.), **off Brundisium," and would not be received in
Rome for several days. We should say, *!/ leave Brundisium
lo-day (the 30th), and am on my way to Cyzicus." Former
editions had a. d. v. kal. Mai, that is, ** J left three days ago ;"
which does not agree with the date of the letter. — Cicero did not
reach Cyzicus, but remained with his friend Plancius, quzestor of
Macedonia, at Thessalonica. He afterwards defended this friend
from a charge of bribery ; and gives at the end of his plea a touch-
ing account of his noble and tender hospitality. —Cyzieus was a
town in Asia Minor, on a peninsula of the Propontis (Sea of
Marmora). — scito; this form is always used instead of sci (S 33,
Nn" 2.

30. Tulliola ($ 44, x. 2, the affectionate diminutive by which
Cicero almost always calls his daughter), nom. to fiet: what will
become of my dear Tullia? quid is predicate nom. The same
construction is used in French. — matrimonio: Tullia had been
married five years before, at the age of sixteen, to C. Calpurnius
Piso; he was in weak health, and died before Cicero's return.
''here seems to have been scm» anxiety about her portion : ** vAat-
ever becomes of the property, we must consider the poor child's mar-
riage and reputation." — Cicero meus, his son Marcus, now seven
years old.

«887. 1. teneas; ** Not a night was suffered to elapse after the
deeree [of banishment] was passed, before violent hands were
laid upon Cicero's property; his house on the Palatine was re-
duced to ashes, his Tusculan villa plundered. His other country-
seats fared no better; the consuls took their share of the spoil ;
and on the spot where Cicero's house had stood, Clodius conse-
crated a temple to Liberty." (Abeken).— familia liberata,
freed. slaves ; these were partly his own, partly his wife's; he had
set them free, to save them from the malice of his enemies. —

magnopere nemo, Lardly one.— causa, arrangement. — si res

a nobis abisset; this was a phrase used in- auctions, to denote
that one fails to secure a desired article. — obtinere, maintain.
-— pertineret, sc. res.

24. Clodius, Sallustius, Pescennius, seem to have been freed-
men ; Sicca was a friend with whom Cicero had passed a night on
the way to Brundisium.

296 LATIN READER.

The letter to Quintus Cicero, à younger brother, was
written at "Thessalonica.

1588. 4. pueros, slaves. — miserim, $ 57, 1, 1st rem. ; 8 64, rr.
— consulatus; referring to the great act of his consulship, the
defeat of Catiline's conspiracy. — eripuerit, $ 57, r. end. —
flens ... proficiscens, etc., the chiastic order, the corresponding
nominative cases standing respectively first and last.

20. a morte: suicide was the refuge of many eminent men of
antiquity ; Cicero seems to have thought seriously of it, but with
the same vacillation of purpose that he showed in every thing. —
preesidio fuisset, referring here to his profession of advocate;
he had even proposed once to defend his worst enemy Catihne
(see foot-note).

189. 5. quid, quod: what [shall I say to this] that, &e. —
sapientiorem quam vellem, because old enough to feel his
father's loss.

94. aliquid preesidii, object of laturam. — nostri, obj. gen.
after misericordiam : pity for me will bring some help.

190. 16. postulabit, $49, 1. 2d, note. — umquam, and words
of this class (see list in (Table 6), may follow comparatives, be-
cause there is a negative idea implied, which in similar construce-
tions the French expresses by the negative, que jamais.

28. permutatione, negotiating a bill of' exchange. — quibus
debes, your creditors, whom Quintus must satisfy out of his own
or his son's ** bowels," flesh, or, as we should say, ** hide." — ex
eerario ; these were sums appropriated to Quintus as proprzetor
of Asia.— Antonius and Cspio were creditors of Quintus. —
Crassus, the triumvir, who was afterwards killed in Asia ; Calidius,
a stanch friend of Cicero.

33. Hortensius was the leading lawyer in Rome, next to Cicero,
and a few years older. Cicero at this time expresses a good deal
of suspicion of his false and unfriendly dealings. He was, how-
ever, a true friend; subsequently, and especially after his death,
Cicero speaks of him with warm regard and honor.

191. 1. occultabis: the future here is nearly equivalent to the
imperative, as frequently in English. — eo, abl. of cause, $ 54, r.
— Pomponium: T..Pomponius Atticus, Cicero's most intimate
friend. — versus: some verses in ridicule of Hortensius seem to
have been fastened (collatus) upon Quintus; he is by all means

NOTES —- CICERO. 297

to make friends with him. — eedilitatem : the office of sedile had
reference to the care of public buildings and games (Hb. $ 134).
9. Mlessala was a prominent publie man of the day, father of
the distinguished general of the time of Augustus. — optime
factis, /he best deeds.
19. Reliqua, object of scribere. — ita ... ut, s0 . . . as.

In m.c. 57 Cicero returned from exile, and entered Rome,
September 4; shortly after, he wrote this letter to his friend
Atticus (Att. IV. 1), who was then in Epirus.

27. cui relates to subject of fuit. —recte, safely. — me ipsum,
$ 67, v. — observantia, respect, i.e., for his opinion; he had
followed the advice of Atticus and others in leaving the city rather .
than resisting his enemies, as counselled by Lucullus.

1953. 6. quem dimisero ; if I once have you back, it will seem
that I have never lost you. — suavitatis and temporis both limit
fructus. :

13. re familiari, private property.

24. lex est lata (1.ce., for his return): this is the technical
expression for bringing in a bill. — natalis colonie ; Brundisium
was founded as a colony on the day of which this was the anni-
versary. — Salutis ; the temple of Salus, near the house of Atticus.
— getatum atque ordinum; the Roman citizens were classed by
age into juniores and seniores (Hb. $ 125). — The orders were
' the ranks in the State, — the Senate, the Equestrian order, &c. ;
the comitia centuriata were the great Roman assembly, presided
over by the consul (Hb. $ 141).

35. nomenclatori; a slave, whose business it was to whisper
to his master the names of persons they met.

18933. ?. The porta Capena was the south-eastern gate, at which
the principal road, via Appia, ended.

8. eo biduo, f£wo days after. — ad theatrum ; this was the
time of the great ludi Romani, held in the theatre. — mea
opera; because his arrival had filled the city with strangers.

14. decernerem, should give my vote for it.

16. consulares, men who had been consul: they were called
upon for their vote first. — quod negarent, $ 68, r.; in exact-
ness negarerit does not express the reason, but the fact of giving
it; but the subjunctive is often used in such cases. — ageretur,

298 LATIN READER.

negotiations should be entered into. — dederunt, sc. contionem ;
a contio could not properly be held by a private citizen.

27. alterum se,:a second self. — quam sit, S 66, r. — lex
consularis, law proposed by a consul ; that of Messius (who was
a tribune) was tribunitia. — de domo: Cicero's house had been
destroyed, and the site occupied by a sacred building ; the pontifices
" (Hb. $ 143) had yet to decide whether the consecration had been
removed (si sustulerint religionem), and the demand restored.
194. ?. superficiem, the building, for the loss of which he was
to be compensated. — demolientur ... locabunt, hey will
clear a space, giving ihe contract in their name. .

TurLia, the daughter of Cicero, had been married during
"his consulship to Piso, à young man of the best family and
character, who died just before Cicero's return from exile.
It was on her twenty-second birthday that she met her father
at Brundisium, as told in tlie letter to Atticus. The follow-
ing year she married Furius Crassipes, also of a patrician
house ; but was not long after divorced. At the age of twenty-
nine she was married again to Dolabella, a rich and handsome
profligate several years younger than herself, — a partisan
and friend of Cesar, for which reason Cicero had sought the
alliance. Her life with him was very wretched; and they
agreed to a separation shortly before the birth of her child,
which was in January, b.c. 45. "The following month she
died at her father's house in "Tusculum, leaving a son, Len-
tulus, who seems to have died in childhood. Meanwhile Cicero
had put away his wife Terentia, on some misunderstanding
because of mismanagement in business affairs, which caused
him much anger and mortification ; he was on no good terms
with his brother, or his son, then a young man of twenty,
who was greatly vexed at an unfortunate second marriage of
his father's; so that his household was quite broken up. He
was living in strict solitude on a little island, Astura, belong-
ing to one of his estates; and here he received many letters
of consolation from his friends, among which this from
the eminent lawyer, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, is the most inter-
esting that remains. |

NOTES —- CICERO. 299

19. sane quam, exceedingly. — pro eo ac, in proportion as.
— per quos propinquos, $ 48, imu. 2d note. — uti, so (hat. —
existimem, 5S 63, 1. note.

1975. 5. credo; ironical. — veneris, $ 64, rv. — et nos, we
i00. — cum iis esse actum, it las happened to those: this sen-
tenee contains an Anacoluthon, that is, a clause thrown in with no
proper connection to the principal clause ; since 1t begins with the
interrogative quoties, and then changes to the declarative in-
cidimus ; render quoties, o/7en, and put in and before et nos.

12. conjuncta; Tullia had already been married three times,
and twice divorced. — pro, «worthy of. — ex hac juventate, from
the young men of the present day. — uti depends on possent
understood; this refers to the profession of an advocate, which
had lost all attraetion under Csesar's despotic rule.

24. Megaram, $ 56, mr. 1. — ZBgina, an island opposite
Athens, once its rival; Megara, a city between Athens and
Corinth. — Pireeeus, the harbor of Athens. All these places had
been reduced to ruin in the late convulsions. — Visne, here nega-
tively, wilt thou not?

35. modo; i.e., at Pharsalia, n.c. 48.

198. 5. moniendum fuit, $ 59, rv. 2, note. — ea, $ 50, 1v. 1,
note.— omnibus bonis, a/] (he advantages of life. — possitis,
$ 49, r.. exception to last remark.

14. noli oblivisci, $ 58, r1. note — Hoc tempus, i.e., when
the pain will have become less by time, — sapientia tua, i» «4
manner worthy of so wise a man.

23. inferis, (he dead. — qui illius amor fuit, such was her love.
197. Cicero's answer (Fam. IV. 6.) follows.

15. Servius, a son of Sulpicius. — omnibus ... potuerunt:
by all the services which could. be rendered on [to] that occasion.
— Quanti me faceret, /iow highly he esteemed me. — suum talem
animum, such a disposition on his part. — jucundus, agreeable ;
gratus, acceptable.

26. Q. Fabius Maximus, the leader against Hannibal; L.
JEmilius Paullus, the conqueror of Macedonia, s.c. 167; C.
Sulpicius Gallus, an eminent man of the same time; Cato, the
Censor— all these eminent. men had lost sons. — ipsorum refers
to eorum. — ea, quam ; £o wit, that which.

195, 6. frangerem, bent my mind ; notice the imperfect tense,
and render cum, whenever.

300 LATIN READER.

13. ad rempublicam, i» public affairs.

22. ante; i.e., before we return to Rome; Cicero begins to
acquiesce in the new order of things, and to desire to enter publie
life again. — unius, i.e., Czsar.

21. deliberationis, $ 54, rr. end (requirement).

PLLINY.

C. Czxcirnivus Prrmvs SEcuNDpvs (the Younger) wasa na-
tive of Comum ( Como), in Northern Italy, and a nephew of the
elder Pliny, the distinguished naturalist. He was born A.D.
61 or 62, and became prominent as a publie man in the pros-
perous reign of Trajan. Ee has left a few orations, and a
large collection of letters, which, as Merivale says, * gives
the fullest and fairest picture we possess of a Roman gentle-
man; nor indeed does any other of the ancients come so near
as its writer to our conception of the gentleman in mind,
breeding, and position." The year of his death is not known.

The first three letters are. addressed to the historian
Tacitus. 'The first requires no explanation; the other two
are in answer to his inquiries in regard to the famous erup-
tion of "Vesuvius, A.p. 79, in which Herculaneum and
Pompeii were destroyed, and the elder Pliny perished.

199, 6. in Tusculano, on my Tusculan estate. — jam in fine,
when just near the end. —ne . ;. pereat, that my haste may be
satisfied. — preesens, when 1 meet you.

12. patria, i.e.; Comum. — münicipis, Jellow-townsman. —
preetextatus ; the boy wore the foga pratexta until about sixteen
(Hb. $ 184). — Etiam; there was no Latin word for yes.—
Mediolanum, Milan, was already the chief town of Northern Italy.
— qui refers to vos, implied in vestra.

20. habitationes, lodging ; viatica, travelling expenses; mer-

cedibus, income.
3200. 1. ambitu corrumperetur, be misused for private advan-
(age: referring to corrupt misappropriation of the funds; this he
proposes to obviate by giving the control of the funds to the'-
parents, requiring them at the same time to contribute. — religio,
solemn obligation.

NOTES — PLINY. 3o1

18. Heec, these circumstances. — repetenda, traced. back, i.e.,
repeated. — illuc, to Comum ; hinc, from Rome. — ea lege, on
this condition. — nihil aliud certum ; ie., there is no bargain
made.

31. avunculus was a mother's brother; patruus, a father's
brother.

$201. 2. Quamvis here takes the subjunctive, although it ex-
presses a fact; see 8 61, 2, note. — ut populi, sc. victuri; /ike
peoples and. cities always destined to live; an adverb or conjunc-
tion like ut is often repeated where the English would have and.
— eeternitas: it so happens that the book in which Tacitus
narrated these events is lost, so that it is Pliny's own writings
that have preserved their memory.

9. Misenum was a promontory west of Naples, just beyond
Baie; it was an important naval station. — Nonum, sc. ante;
the use of the accusative of time when in this connection is found
also in Tacitus: we should expect Nono. — Usus, etc.: this
sentence describes the way in which he had passed his time; he
had walked in the sun, then taken a cold bath and a luncheon. —
Vesuvium: there was an old tradition, mentioned by Vitru-
.vius, that there had been eruptions here in íormer times. —
pinus, the dark, spreading Italian pine. .A commentator gives
another simile: **hujus forma est similis machinze illius, quam
manu tenentes solem a nobis arcere solemus ; quz in linguá
nostrá Sonnenschirm etin gallicà, 2araso/ vocatur."

24. Liburnica, a swift, light vessel, or yacht. — Egrediebatur:
the former reading of this passage was, ** Egrediebatur domo,
accepit codicillos. ^ Retina classiarii imminenti periculo ex-
territi (nam villa ea subjacebat, nec ulla nisi navibus fuga) ut se
tanto discrimine eriperet orabant ;"— Retina being held to be the
name of an estate in danger. But a tradition was preserved, that
a woman named Retina (or Rectina), wife of Bassus, had perished
in this eruption. Rectina is now taken to be the name of a wo-
man; and Tasci (the accepted reading in place of Classiarii) to
be that of her husband : understand wife or widow.

30. maximo, sc. animo. — amcenitas: the shore near Vesu-
vius had many pleasant villas.
$2033. 1. quo propius [eo] calidior; $ 54, v. end. — ac-
cederent appears to come under the principle of $ 59, rv. 3. —
ruina, from ruo, fallen masses: the heaving of the earth and

302 LATIN READER.

eruption of the mountain caused new shoals and shores. — F'ortes
fortuna juvat, a maxim from Terence. — Stabiee was a village
beyond Pompeii, near the modern Castelammare.

7. erat, sc. Pomponianus. — diremptus, etc., separated. by
an intervening bay. — cum cresceret, when ii should increase;
this is of the nature of a future Protasis ($ 59, 1v. 1), taking
the imperfect tense because it depends upon contulerat, $ 57. —
certus fugee, resolved on flight. — secundissimo, sc. vento.

23. meatus animee, te passage of his breath, breathing heavily,
or snoring. — dieeta, bed-room. — ita surrexerat, ie., had be-
come so filled.

33. Sub dio, in the open air. — quamquam qualifies levium.

$2033. 11. caligine, vapor. — stomacho: this word, meaning
gullet or stomach, is in this passage rendered /ungs by most com-
mentators. — eestuans, inflamed. — dies : the light did not return
till the third day.

19. me, subject of persecutum esse; omnia is its object. —
aliud, $ 22, 1.

25. te, subject of cupere. — quos agrees with metus and
casus.

32. per multos dies, $ 55, r. 1. — Campaniee : after the anal-
ogy of $ 55, rrr. 3. — invaluit: in often strengthens the meaning
of a verb, as in this case; with nouns, participles, and adjectives
it has a negative force, as invalidus, weak.

$320 4. 1. surgebam, i.e., already. — excitaturus, sc. eam. —
constantiam and imprudentiam, sírength of. mind and thou gat
lessness. — corripit, reproves.

12. dies, daylight. — quodque, etc., a habit which in a panic
takes the place of judgment ; vulgus is subject of praefert, etc. —
tecta, $ 52, rr. 1. — spiritus, genitive after discursibus. —rupta
agrees with nubes.

32. ut consuleremus, substantive clause, object of commis-
suros. — nostree, sc. saluti, $ 51, rv. — Capreas ; the island of
Capri. — Miseni limits id undertood, antecedent of quod ; that
part which projects into the sea; these places are not far from
twenty-five miles from Vesuvius.

$3205. 7. torrentis modo, $ 54, ir. — terree, S 51, v. rolling.
along upon the ground.
9. strati, sc. nos. — audires, $ 60, 1.

NOTES — PLINY. 303

20. illud ruisse, ete., $ 24, 1v. 3, that crash, that blaze. —
longius, sc. a nobis. — misero agrees with solacio.

32. cum deficit, when it is eclipsed.
$3206. 5. non scriptures leges, you will read, but not write. —
scilicet qui, because you.

Some time in the early part of the second century (A.D.
110 or 111), Pliny was appointed Proprstor or governor of
the province of Bithynia, in northern Asia Minor. At this
time the Christians had become a very numerous and im-
portant body, particularly in the East. 'The strict legal
charge against them was, that they violated the state religion,
by refusing sacrifice to the established divinities, and not
honoring the emperor as a god. But to this were added all
the charges of immorality and impious practices, or downright
atheism, which naturally grew out of the ignorant and super-
stitious prejudices of the populace. Pliny tries to deal with
them at first strictly according to law ; but, being a man just
and merciful, he soon sees the horrible injustice of their posi-
tion, and the probable falsehood of most their enemies had
reported. e accordingly writes to the emperor for instruc-
tions ; as is thought, in A.p. 112.

9. domine: observe the formal and courtly style of address
adopted since the time of Cicero, a century and a half before.

12. cognitionibus, investigations. — puniri soleat, impersonal :
punishment is wont to be inflicted. — quamlibet teneri, in whatso-
ever degree tender. — desisse, from desino, $ 33, rir. 1.

22. duci, sc. ad supplicium: the charge meant ** constructive
treason," and the punishment was death. "The Christians were
not punished for their belief: thought was always free in Rome,
even under the most suspicious and despotic emperors. (Meri-
vale.) — esset, $ 66, ir. — faterentur, 8 66, ir. — amentiee,
$ 50, 1. 2. — crimine, $ 54, x. — inciderunt, came to my knowl-
edge.—libellus sine auctore, an anonymous note.— quorum
— quarum rerum.
$207. 4. non nemo, here and there one.

17. ministree, deaconesses. — et per toxmenta, even by torments;

28. venire, from veneo, $ S35, rr. end. — victimarum limits
pastum.

304 ; LATIN READER.

TRAJAN is the noblest and most heroic name of the Roman
empire. He was second in the list of the *^five good em-
perors," whose reigns cover near a century of what has been
called the period of greatest happiness to the human race.
He was a brave soldier, and a humane and sagacious states-
man. His reign was from A.D. 98 to 117. "This letter seems
to have been written hastily, under the press of his great
publie cares. For the Christians he probably only felt an im-
patient contempt, curiously contrasting with Pliny's anxious
scruples; and the policy he enjoins, excepting his injunction
to disregard all anonymous charges, seems coldly harsh, and
quite unworthy of his generally wise and firm administration.

$208. 4. in universum constitui, laid down as a general rule.
—quasi certam formam, a sure application as it were. — Pessimi
exempli, etc.: Trajan compares his own mild government with
the tyrannies of Tiberius and his successors.

TACITUS.

C. ConNELiUS TaorrUs, *the greatest historian of anti-
quity," is also the greatest name in Roman literature after
Cieero. His style belongs to what is called the Silver Age,
;—that is, the earlier times of the empire. He was a friend
of Pliny; and died, probably, not long after him, in the
reign of Trajan. "The subject of his Annals and Histories is
the period of the earlier emperors, —a time of treachery, sus-
pieion, and intrigue, of licentiousness and great cruelty. His
temper seems often harsh and contemptuous, perhaps morose,
in dealing with the great crimes and the base men that suc-
ceeded the fall of the Republie ; but he has left a few pictures
of pure and noble virtue. His language, as in describing the
great conflagration of the time of Nero, will be found here
and there difficult and obscure; but grandly picturesque and
powerful when one masters its sense, and with a sombre
pathos which perhaps no other historian bas had in like
degree. ;

NOTES — TACITUS. 305

Nzno (L. Domitius Ahenobarbus Claudius) was the sixth
emperor, by adoption one of the Cosars, reigning from A.D. 54
to 68. He was a boy of fifteen on coming to power,—a
handsome, popular, amiable boy; but he became, later, the
most extraordinary compound of profligacy, vanity, and
eruelty that even the history of the Empire shows. That the
Roman State — still a Republic in name — should have en-
dured for fourteen years what it is charity to call the insane
freaks and caprices of this sickly and weak-minded youth, is
partly explained by the name of Crwsar, which he inherited,
and by the deep horror left on men's minds by the century of
the Civil Wars; partly by the remorseless cruelty of the
Roman temper and manners. The narrative of Tacitus
rather softens than magnifies the popular suspicions as to his
guilt in the matter of the great conflagration.

This passage is taken from the Fifteenth Book of the An-
nals, ch. 38-44.

$909. 5. princeps, prince: a title given in early times to the
leader of the Senate ; it was that by which the emperor was chiefly
known in Rome ; abroad, he was known chiefly as commander of
the armies, imperator.— circi: the Circus Maximus, where the
great games were held, was in a long narrow level, in a valley
that ran northwestwardly towards the river, between the Palatine
and Aventine. 'The fire began at the foot of Mount Coelius, at
the upper end, where the wooden galleries of the Circus gave the
flames full play. — munimentis, /ire-proof walls: notice that vel
connects domus and templa, as being obstructions of similar
nature ($ 43, 3) ; while aut separates them from aliud morae.—
et obnoxia urbe: et, both, corresponds to -que below ;: obnoxia,
exposed; artis (from artus), narrow ; enormibus (e norma, ouf
of rule), irregular.

20. lamenta ...pars; all these nominatives are subj. of im-
pediebant. — fessa . . . eetas (Ritter has fessi eevo) : (/hose worn
with years, or helpless in childhood, — etate being abl. of cause,
and pueritie the gen. limiting eetas.—-illis quoque, /hese foo,
ie., the next streets (proxima).
$3210. 4. victus: this genitive limits fortunis, having des all
their store, even of daily food.— quamvis patente effugio, no

20

306 LATIN READER.

matter how open the way of escape. — crebris minis, by reason of,
&c. — esse sibi auctorem, Aat they were acling under orders.

ll. Antium ( Anzio), on the coast, thirty-five miles from Rome,
was a favorite residence of Nero. — monumenta Agrippee: the
splendid structures and gàrdens of Agrippa, minister and son-in-
law of Augustus, were in the Campus Martius, outside the city as
then built; the Pantheon, now standing, belonged to them.
Nero's gardens (of the Vatican) were beyond the Tiber, near
where St. Peter's church now stands. — ternos nummos, i.e.,
three sesterces the modius, or twelve cents a peck. — domesticam
sceenam, a stage in his own house.

27. apud imas Esquilias, near where the Coliseum now stands,
about half a mile north of where it first broke out. — The second
fire is shown by inscriptions to have lasted three days; the entire
conflagration continued seven or nine days.

$2131. 1. Tigellinus was a favorite freedman of Nero, notorious
for his corruption and extortion. — cognomentum, a later form
for cognomen.

10. haud perinde, noí so much. — Averno: Lake Avernus is
near Naples, more than a hundred miles from Rome, separated
from the Tiber by bays and rocky headlands. — squalenti, barren
or dusty.— gignendis aquis: dat. after humidum, — conisus:
the more common form of spelling is connisus.

26. urbis quee domui supererant, wAaí of the citi remained
after the palace was built : Ritter omits domui. — Gallica incen-
dia: the city was burned by the Gauls n.c. 389; after their retreat,
it was rebuilt in great haste, and very irregularly.

$19. 1. finivit, limited or fixed. — domibus aut insulis: the
domus was a complete edifice, or mansion, owned and occupied
by a single proprietor; the insula a block of tenements, bounded
by streets oralleys on each side. "These insulee were often built
to a great height, — the law of Augustus restricted them to seventy
feet, — and swarmed with the poorer population of the city. —
utique — et ut, following destinabat. — certa sui parte, in
certain paris (sui is plur.). — aqua, subj. of flueret: of the pub-
lic aqueducts, which were very numerous and finely constructed ;
some of them brought water from a distance of sixty miles. —
custodes, sc. erant: guards were stationed for this purpose. —
communione parietum — communibus parietibus; abl. after
ambirentur. j

NOTES — TACITUS. 307

20. 'The books of the Sibyl, which she sold to King Tarquin,
were carefully preserved by a special body of priests, the quin-
decimviri sacris faciundis (Hb. $ 145), and consulted in emer-
gencies. — sellisternia, banquets to female deities ; those to the
gods were lectisternia: goddesses, like women, must sit on stools
(selle); while the gods, like men, reclined at their meals on
couches (lecti).— Christianos: this is the first distinct mention
of the Christians in Pagan history. Suetonius says, more briefly
(Nero, ch. 16), * Afflicti suppliciis Christiani, genus hominum
superstitionis novze ac maleficae." And of the previous reign he
says, with a more doubtful allusion, perhaps, to the ** false Christs "
of the Jewish fanaties, «]Judazos impulsore Chresto assidue
tumultuantes Romá expulit."

€934:3B. 7. odio humani generis, enmity towards all. mankind
(Merivale),—the charge constantly brought against the Jews, with
whom the Christians were often confounded. The peculiar and
clannish habits of the Jews might bring this charge upon them: in
the case of the Christians, it was increased by their recoil from the
pleasures and vices of the pagan world, that kept them a ** sect,"
apart from others, and was already leading towards those extrava-
cances of austerity and devotion which fill the legends of monks
and hermits. The common belief among the Christians, that the
end of the world was near, with the conflagration of all things,
and the destruction of the Eternal City itself, might make the
crime seem credible and likely. — flammandos: this seems to be
used here as a present passive participle (Ritter). They were
wrapped in a sort of mat of papyrus, smeared with wax and tar, —
a style of torture spoken of by Juvenal (I. 155, VIII. 235), and
Martial (X. 26, 9).

(p. 308)

PRINCIPAL DATES OF ROMAN HISTORY.

Founding of Rome (common date) Wu
The Kings expelled: Rome a Republic . . . . .
Rome taken and burned by the Gauls
Samnite Wars: conquest of Italy .
First Punie War: Regulus; Victory of Balls
Second Punie War: Hannibal; Scipio
Third Punic War :
Carthage destroyed ; Cstadh tikin
Numantia taken ; Ti. Gracchus tribune
lTribuneship of e: dosis.
War with Jugurtha :
Cimbri defeated by Marius
Civil War: Marius and Sulla
ietatorship of Sulla . :
eath of Sertorius . Á :
onsulship of Cicero : One 8 D pince
riumvirate of Cesar, Pompey, and Crassus
Ueesar in Gaul: Cicero's Exile.
ivil War: Csesar and Pompey .
attle of Pharsalus: Pompey defeated ánd MM
ulius Cz:esar perpetual Dictator
mm murdered ELE a E d RA
attle of Philippi: Brutus and Cassius slain
Battle of Actium: Antony defeated
JCesar Octavianus (Augustus), first Emperor
Tiberius
Caligula
laudius .
ero (last of the duliau bun:
alba .
tho, Vitellius, lapis
ius .
Domitian (last of the Twelve ednri)
Nerva . de DE
Trajan.
Hadrian
Antoninus Pius .
Marcus Aurelius | . ; :
Commodus, — beginning of the Dedliuo :

. B.C. 753

509
389

. 943-290
. 264-241
. 219—202
. 149-146

146
133
121

. 111-106

101

VOCABULARY:

Of the following derioative forms, those svhich occur mo.

rarely have been sometimes omitted :

" Nouxs :^Feminines in a, from nouns in us, er (w.) ;

Feminines in -trix, tricis, from nouns in -tor, toris (u.);
Diminütives in -olus, -ulus, -ellus;

. Verbals in -mentum, i (N.), equivalent to forms in -men, inis;
Verbals in -antia, -entia (rF.), from the present, denoting quality.
Verbals in -tor (w.), -trix (F.), from the supine stem, denoting agen
Verbals in -tus, üs (M.); -türa, ee, -tio, -onis (F.), from the supir

stem, denoting condition or act.
ADJECTIVES : Possessives in -ànus, -ius, -ilis, derived from nouns ;
Patrials or locals in -as (atis), -ensis, -inus;
Verbals in -bundus, corresponding nearly in signification with tl
present participle ;
Secondary forms in -arius, -icius, and -1vus.
ADVERES, regularly formed from adjectives: as from
carus: care, carius, carissime ;
fortis: fortiter, fortius, fortissime.
VERBS: Inceptives in -sco; also, Compounds with the following pr:
fixes, when their meaning is not otherwise altered :
a, ab, away: as, auféro, abstüli, ablatum, /ake away.
ad, to, towards: as afféro, attiíli, allatum, bring.
ante, before: as, antéféro, prefer ; antécello, excel.
circum, around, about: as, circummunio, to wall around.
con, 'ogether: as, conféro, collatum, bring together, compare.
de, down, ulterlj: as, despicio, look down on, despise.
di, or dis, asunder: as, didüco, draw apart; disjungo, unbind.
e, ex, out: as, efféro, extiíli, elatum, carry forth, uplift.
in, with Nouns or Adjectives, not: as, infinitus, boundless.
in, with Verbs, in, on, or against: as, inféro, illatum, bear against.
inter, into Or to pieces: as, interrumpo, interrupt.
né, néc, no(: as, néqueo, cannot; nécópinaàtus, unlooked-for.
Ob, towards: as, offéro, ofer ; obvénio, meet.
per, prae, very: as, permagnus, very great ; preeclarus, glorious.
ré, réd, back or again: as, reféro, report; rédeo, return.
S6, apart: as, S6-páro, part; s6-cerno, put aside.
siíb, under or in low degree: as, subdólus, crafty; sufféro, endure.
siípér, on or in place of: as, superfundo, pour over.

ABBREVIATIONS.

NouNws. — M. zwasculine ; F. feminine; N. neuter ; C. common ; n. doubtful.
VERBs. — The figures rz, 2, 3, 4, signify the Conjugations. In those of the 1st and 4th, where

only one form is given, the conjugation is regular, like amo or audio.

In the others, the

Perfect termination is given, and usually that of the Supine Stem oniy — as rego, xi, et- —
instead of the ending in um. When compound verbs are divided by a hyphen, the conjugation
may be found under the simple form. — A. aczzve ; N. zeufer; P. fasszve.

PnRorER NaMEs.—k. &ing; q queen;
dist. dZs£zricó; prov. $rovince;
Mythology.

f. father ; m. eznotker ;
mt. zz0unfaiz; — myth. signifies that the name belongs to
'The dates are usually those of birth and death: as, Hannibal, p.c. 247-183.

Ss. 502: ; d. daugAter ;

Unusual forms of inflection are given in parenthesis; cognate words in brackets.
Words marked f are Greek. Forms given with hyphen occur in compounds.
Vowels not marked, and not long by position, are to be reckoned short.

'The References are to the Sections or Tables of the ** Manual Latin Grammar.?

, the praenomen Aulus.
à, ab, from, by, since, on the side of.
[ab-, away, apart, completely.
abactus, [abigo,] driven away.
abacus, i, M , desk, reckoning-board.
abalieno, I, estrange, alienate, trans-
fer, withdraw.
abavus, i, M., gr. gr. grandfather.
abdico, t, deny, abdicate, resign.
abdico, xi, ct-, 3, refuse assent.
abditus, a, um, /idden, secret.
abdo, didi, dit-, 3, (o hide, remove.
abdüco, xi, ct-, 5, lead away, with-
draw, degrade.
abeo, ii (1vi) it, 4, depart; vanish,
abandon, end, change.
abequito, 1, ride away.
aberro, 1, wander, stray.
abfore, [sum, | be away.
abhinc, since, henceforth.
abhorreo, ui, 2, shrink, abhor, differ.
abiegnus, a, um, of fir.
abiens, euntis, [eo,] departing.
abies, etis, F., fir-tree, fir-iwood.
abigo, ezi, act-, ago, 3, drive away.
abitus, üs, M., departure, outlet.
abjectus, a, um, downcast, mean,
abject.

abjicio, jeci, ject-, [jacio,] 3, cast
«ca, cast down, abandon.

abjudico, I, give sentence.

abjungo, nxi, nct-, 5, ungoke, part.

abjuro, 1r, deny on oath.

ablatus. [aufero,] carried off.

ablego, I, send away.

ablüdo, si, sum, 3, differ.

abluo, ui, üt-, 3, cash a:ay, cleanse.

abnego, I, deny, refuse.

abnormis, e, out of rule.

abnuo, nui, nüt- (nuit-) 3, deny,
refuse, reject, forbid.

aboleo, &vi (ui), it-, 2, check, abol-
ish, remove.

abolesco, evi, 3, wither, decay.

abolitio, onis, F., annulling.

abolla, ee, F., robe, cloak.

abominor, I, deprecate, hate, detest.

aborigines, um, M., primitive colo-
nists, first inhabitants.

aborior, ortus, 4, se!, disappear.

abortus, üs, M., üborlioi:

abrado, si, sum, 3, scrape off,
shave.

abripio, ui, rept-, 3, drag away,
squander.

abrogo, r, repeal, annul.

am

2 abrumpo — accusatio.

abrumpo, rüpi, rupt-, 5, break off,
tear away.

abruptus, a, um, broken Sleep; N
bottom, depth.

abs, from.

abscedo, cessi, cess-, 3, depart,
escape, desist.

abscessus, us, M., departure.

abscido, cidi, cis-, (ceedo,) 3, cut
off

abscindo, scidi, sciss-, 3,
away.

abscisus, a, um, cut off, abrupt.

abscondo, didi, dit-, 5, hide, lose
sight of.

absens, tis, (absum,) absent.

absimilis, e, very unlike.

absinthium, i, N., »ormwood.

absisto, stiti, 3, depart, desist, cease.

absolutus, a, um, complete.

absolvo, vi, üt-, 5, acquit, discharge.

absorbeo, ui, 2, suck in, swallow.

absque, without, but for.

abstergeo, si, sum, 2, wipe clear or
away.

absterreo, ui, it-, 2, frighten away.

abstersus, a, um, wiped off.

abstinentia, e, F., abstinence, re-
straint.

abstineo, ui, tent-, 2, Aold away,
abstain, refrain.

abstraho, xi, ct-, 5, draw away, ab-
stract, release.

abstrüdo, si, sum, 35, thrust away,
conceal.

abstrusus, a, um, concealed, re-
served, difficult.

absum, esse, fui, (o be absent, distant,
different, un fit. [stroy.

absumo, mpsi, mpt-, 5, waste, de-

absurdus, a, um, absurd, stupid.

abundantia, &, F., abundance.

abunde, in abundance.

ab-undo, 1, abound, overflow.

abusque, from as far as.

abütor, üsus, 3, abuse, consume, take
advantage.

Abydus, i, F., a town in Asia, on
the Hellespont.

ac—atque, and, as.

1acacia, ee, F., thorn.

send

Academia, ae, F., Academy, gym-
nasium near Athens. ^

1acanthis, idis, F., goldfinch.

Tacanthus, i, w., bcar's-foot, thorn.

Acarnan, anis, C., of Acarnania
(W. dist. of central Greece).

accedo, cessi, cess-, 35, approach,
advance against, be added, befall.

accelero, 1, hasten.

accendo,di, sum, 5, Lindle, inflame.

accenseo, ui, it- (ens-), 2, reckon
among.

accensus, i, M., attendant, recruit.

accepto, I, receive.

acceptus, a, um, acceptable.

accerso, ivi, itum, 5, fetch, send for.

accessio, Onis, F., approach, in-
crease.

accessus, üs, M., approach.

accido, cidi, (cado,) 3, fall upon,
befall, happen.

accido, cidi, cis-, (caedo,) 3, cut
short or into.

accingo, nxi, nct-, 5, gird, equip.

accio, 4, Ssuminon.

accipio, cepi, cept-, (capio,) 3, get,
receive, undertake.

accipiter, tris, M., lawk.

accisus, (accido,) cut off, ruined.

accitus, üs, M., summons.

acclamo, 1, s/out, applaud.

acclinis, e, leaning on.

acclino, 1, lean forward. [cending.

acclivis, e, (-us, a, um,) steep, (as-

acclivitas, atis, F., acclivity, ascent.

accola, ee, C., neighbor.

accolo, ui, cult-, 5, dwell near.

accommodo, 1, suit, fit, conform.

accommodus, a, um, switable.

accresco, crévi, cret-, 3, increase,
grow to, be added.

accubo, ui, it-, 1, sit or lie (at table).

accüdo, di, sum, 3, /o hammer out.

accumbo, cubui, cubit-, 5, /ie near.

accumulo, 1, /eap up.

accüuratus, a, um, exact; careful.

accüro, I, care for.

accurro, cucurri, curs-, 3,
towards.

accursus, üs, M., concourse.

accusatio, Onis, F., accusa/ion.

Tun

accusator — adeptus. 20

accusator, Oris, M., accuser.

aCcCuso, I, accuse, inform against.

acer, eris, N., maple.

acer, cris, cre, been, eager, vigorous,

acerbe, bitterly, sharply.

acerbitas, atis, F., bilterness, harsh-
ness.

acerbo, 1, to embiltter.

acerbus, a, um, iitter, harsh, sad.

acernus, a, um, of maple.

acerra, ee, F., censer, incense-boa.

acervàtim, in heaps.

acervo, I, (o heap up.

acervus, i, M., heap, pile.

acesco, acui, 35, (o turn sour.

acetum, i, N., vinegar.

Acheemenes, is, first k. of Persia.

Achaicus (-eeus), a, um, Greek.

achaàtes, ee, M., agate.

Achelous, w., a river of N. Greece.

Acheron (uns), tis, M., a river in
Hades. ;

Achilles, is, ea, champion of
Greece in the Trojan war.

Achivus, a, um, Grecian.

acidus, a, um, sour, sharp, tart.

acies, ei, F., edge, sight, line-of-bat-
lle, keenness.

Tacinaces, 1s, M., Persian sword.

acinus, i, M. (um, N.), grape-berry or
stone.

acipenser, eris, M., sturgeon.

aclis, idis, F., dart.

aconitum, i, N., wolf^s-bane.

acquiesco, evi, et-, 3, come to rest.

acquiro, sivi, sit-, 5, gain, get, add.

acrimonia, ee, sl arpness, pungency.

acriter, (acer,) eagerly, keenly.

1acroáma, atis, N., music or recita-
lion ; a musician.

Acrisius, myth. father of Danae.

Acroceraunia, the mt. boundary
of Macedonia and Epirus.

acta, ee, F., shore, breaker.

Acteeon, Ónis, myth. gr.-son of
Cadmus, torn by his own hounds.

Acte, es, F., (coast-land) Attica.

actio, onis, F.,(ago;) action, acting,
suit at law.

Actium, i, N., promont. of Epirus,
scene of Antony's defeat, B. C. 31.

actor, oris, M., driver, actor, agent.

actuarius, a, um, for driving, row-
ing, swift.

actus, a, um, driven; N., deed.

actus, us, M., impulse, act, deed.

actutum, at once.

aculeus, i, M., sting, prickle.

acumen, inis, N., edge, point, keen-
ness.

acuo, i, ütum, 3, to sharpen, rouse.

acus, üs, ubus, F., needle, pin.

acüte, sharply.

acutus, a, um, sharp, pointed, vio-
lent, keen, sagacious.

ad, to, towards, near, for, at, ac-
cording to, besides.

[ad-, near, towards, in addition.

adactus, (adigo,) driven.

adeeque, in like manner.

adeequo, 1, make equal, compare.

adagium, i, N., proverb.

acamanteus (inus), a, um, Aard as
steel.

T adamas, antis, M., tempered. steel.

adam o, 1, begin to love. [cover.

adaperio, ui, tum, 4, /o open, un-

adaquor, I, /o get water.

adaugeo, xi, ct-, 2, increase, devote.

adaxim-——-adeégerim, (perf. subj. of
adigo, drive).

[adc-, see acc-.

addecet, i/ is fit.

addenso, 1, (A.), eo, 2, (N.), thicken.

addico, xi, ct-, 5, :o favor, doom,
devote, yield, adjudge.

addictus, a, um, devoted; M., a
bondsman.

additus, (addo,) joined.

addo, didi, dit-, 5, (o add, give, join.

addubito, 1, incline to doubt.

addüco, xi, ct-,5, lead along, bring
towards, induce, contract.

adductus, a, um, sírained, severe.

ad-edo, 35, bite at, eat up.

ademptus, (adimo,) taken away.

adeo, to that degree, so, so far, truly.

ad-eo, 4, to approach, visit, attack,
undertake, undergo.

adeps, ipis, D., fat. :

adeptus, (adipiscor) Aaving at-
tained. :

4 adequito — adverto.

adequito, t, ride up to.
[adf-—ait-; adg-—-agg-.
adheereo (esco), heesi, hees-, 2, to
cling, fasten, border upon.
adhibeo, ui, it-, 2, apply to, sum-
mon, employ, have near, bring in.
' adhortor, 1, exhort, encourage.
adhuc, hitherto, besides, as yet.
adigo, egi, act-, 5, drive, force, urge.
adimo, emi, empt-, 3, take away,
set free, deprive, rob.
adipiscor, adeptus, 3, win, get, ar-
rive at, overtake.
aditus, üs, M., approach, access.
adjaceo, ui, 2, lie near.
adjicio, jéci, ject-, add, cast upon,
put upon; turn towards.
adjudico, r, adjudge, assign.
adjumentum, i, N., Aelp.
adjungo, nxi, nct-, 5, join, annezx,
attach, apply, bring near.
adjüro, I, adjure, confirm by oath.
adjuto, r, /o help.
adjutor, oris, M. ;
helper, assistant.
adjuvo, jüvi, jut-, aid, help, sustain.
[ad1-—all-.
admetior, mensus, 4, fo measure
out. |
Admeétus, myth. k. of Thessaly.
adminiculo (or), t, /o prop, assist.
adminiculum, i, N., a prop, support.
administer, tri, M., «sislant.
administro, I manage. serve, attend.
admirabilis, e, admirable, strange.
admiratio, onis, F., wonder.
admiror, t, wonder at, admire, gaze.
admisceo, cui, máxt-, 2, mingle in.
admissum, i, N., fault, crime.
admitto, misi, miss-, 3, admit, per-
mit, commit, consent, spur on.
admodum, very, quite, wholly, fully.
admolior, 4, /eap up, bring to.
admoneo, ui, it-, 2, admonish, warn.
admonitio, Onis, F., warning.
admoveo, movi, mot-, 2, bring
near, apply, direct.
admurmuro, 1, /o murmur near.
adnascor—-agnascor, grow to.
adnato (adno), I, swim towards.

-trix, tricis, F.,

adnepos, Otis, M., gr. gr. grandson.

adiíitor, nis- (nix-), 5 Mt strive
for, lean against.

adno, 1, swim towards.

adoleo, ui, ult-, 2, burn, consume
(as sacrifice), serve by ritual.

adolescens, tis, C., a youth.

adolescentia, ee, F., youth.

adolesco, evi, ult-, grow, come to
ripeness, burn (on the altar).

Adonis, is (idis) myth. prince of
Cyprus, loved by Venus.

adoperio, ui, ert-, 4, cover over.

adoptio, onis, F., adoption.

adopto, r1, to select, adopt.

ador, oris, N., fine wheat, spelt.

adoreus, a, um, of wheat ; F., gift
of corn.

adorior, ort-, 4, accost, attack, begin.

adorno, I, equip, adorn.

adoro, 1, /o worship, accost, entreat.

[adp-—app ; adq-—aocq-; adr-—
arr-; ads-—ass-; adst-—ast-.

adscisco, scivi, scit, 3, summon,
join, receive, admit.

adsum (assumyj, be near.

adulor, t, latter, fawn.

adulter, era, um, adulterous.-

adultero, 1, /o alter, corrupt.

adultus, (adolesco,) grown up.

adumbro, :r, shadow out, sketch,

overshadow.
aduncus, a, um, /;ooked.
adüro, ussi, ust-, 3, burn, scorch.
adusque, even to, throughout.
adustus, a, um, parched, scorched.
adveho, xi, ct-, 5, carry, bring.
advelo, 1, to veil.
advena, &, C., foreigner, new-comer.
advenio, véni, vent-, 4," arrive,
approach, be added.
adventicius, a, um, foreigner.
advento, r, to advance.
adventus, üs, M., coming, arrival.
adversarius, a, um, fronting, op-
posed ; M., enemy.
adversor, I, oppose, thwart.
adversum, i, N. , adversity, disaster.
adversum, (-versus), against, lows.
ards, opposite,
adversus, a, um, contrary, spa
adverto, ti, sum, 3, (urn towards,

iL Cice

adverto — Zitna. - | 5

direct; animum adv. observe,
attend to ; anim. adv. in, proceed
against, punish.
advesperascit, avit, 3, i! grows late.
advocatio, onis, F., summons.
advocatus, i, M., counsel, advocate.
advoco, I, call for, summon.
advolo, r1, //j towards.
ad-volvo, 3, roll towards, fall before.
advorsum-—-adversum, against.
adytum, i, N., sanctuary, tomb.
ZBacides, ee, descendant of /Eacus,
Achilles.
ZEieea, ee, F., the island of Circe.
ZBacus, i, myth. son of Jupiter and
Europa, a judge in Hades.
gedepol, forsooth (by Pollux).
zedes, is, F., temple; pl. house, hive.
gedificatio, onis, F., building.
eedificium, i, N., a building.
eedifico, 1, to build, construct.
eedilicius, a, um, of the Edile.
eedilis, is, M., Edile, (inspector of
buildings, police, &c.).
| aedon, onis, r., nightingale.
ZBetes, ee, myth. k. of Colchis.
ZBgeeum mare, (he /Egean Sea,
between Greeceand Asia Minor.
ceger, gra, grum, sick, weary, sad.
ZBgeus,i, myth. k. of Athens, father
of Theseus.
eegis, idis (os), F., shield.
ZEgisthus, i, myth. son of Thyestes
and murderer of Agememnon.
eegre, ius, gerrime, «with difficulty.
cegresco, 3, grow sick, Or worse.
ee grimonia, ee, F., grief.
eegritüdo, inis, F., sickness, grief.
eegrotatio, onis, F., sickness, dis-
ease.
eegroto, 1, to be sick, languish.
eegrotus, a, um, sick.
ZBgy ptus, i, F., Egypt ; also, myth.
k. of Egypt, br. of Danaus.
eemulatio, onis, F., rivalry.
eemulor, 1, /o rival, emulate.
eemulus, a, um, emulous, vyjing, rival.
ZEneades, ee, son or companion of
Z]Eneas.
ZEneas, e, myth. prince of Troy,
founder of the Roman race.

eeneus (aenus), a, um, brazen ; N.,
ZHolus, i, god of the Winds. [ pot.
eequabilis, e, equal, even, just.
eequeevus, a, um, of equal age.
eequalis, e, even, equal in age, like.
eeque, equally, just so.
eequinoctium, i, N., (nox) equinox.
eequiparo, r, match, make equal.
eequitas, atis, F., juslice, fairness,
calmness, moderation.
eequo, 1, (o make equal, level.
eequor, oris, N., even surface, sea.
eequus, a, um, equal, just, right.
aer, is, a, M., (he air, mist.
eerarius, a, um, of copper or money ;
M., coppersmith ;. F., copper-mine ;
N., treasury, treasure.
eeratus, a, um, covered with brass.
eereus, a, um, of copper or brass.
eeripes, pedis, brazen-footed.
aerius (eus), a, um, airy, lofty.
eerügo, inis, F., rust, blight, envy.
eerumna, ee, F., grief, distress.
eerumnosus, a, um, sad, wretched.
ees, eeris, N., copper, money, wages.
ZEisculapius, i, myth. son of Apollo,
god of healing.
eesculus, i, the Italian oak.
eestas, atis, F., summer, fair weather.

eestifer, era, um, bringing heat.

eestimatio, Onis, F., reckoning,
valuation, estate.
eestimo, r, (o estimate, value.
eestive, summer-like, scantily.
eestivo, I, pass the summer.
eestivus, a, um, belonging to sum-
mer; N., pl. summer-quarters.
eestuarium, i, N., (ide-water inlet.
eestuo, 1, boil, rage, toss, burn.
eestuosus, a, um, /ieated, vexed.
eestus, us, M., tide, surge, noontide-
heat, glow of. passion.
eetas, atis, F., age (time of life).
eeterno (um), continually, for ever.
eeternus, a, um, e/ernal, perpetual.
eether, eris (os), a (em), w., ether,
heaven.
eethérius (-eus), a, um, celestial.
ZBthiops, opis, E/hiopian, swarthy.
eethra, ee, F., clear sky.
ZEtna, ee, F., Mt. Etna, in Sicily.

ZEtolia, ee, F., dist. N. of the Gulf
of Corinth.

ee vum, i, N., age (period), /ifetime.

Afer, fra, um, African.

affaber, bra, um, curious, skilful,

affatim, abundantly.

affatus, us, w., talk, address.

affectio, onis, F., disposition, state
of mind, love, good-will.

affecto, 1, affect or strive for, reach.

affectus, a, um, endowed, disposed.
affectus, üs, M., disposition, desire.
affero, attuli, allat-, bring, an-
nounce, procure, betake, allege.
afficio, feci, fect-, 3, a/Ject, influence,
disturb.
affigo, fix, fix-, 5, fasten, join.
affingo, nxi, fict-, 3, attach, annez.
affinis, e, adjacent, kindred.
affinitas, atis, F., alliance, nearness.
affirmatio, Onis, F., assertion.
affirmo, I, confirm, maintain.
afflatus, üs, M., blast, breath.
afflicto, I, vez, torment, shatter.
afflictus, a, um, wretched, ruined.
affligo, ixi, ict-, 3, strike, distress,
cast down, wreck.
afflo, 1, blow on, or towards.
affluens, tis, abundant. [overflow.
afiluo, xi, xum, 5, flow towards or
affor, 1, to address, accost.
affóre, [adsum,] will be at hand.
affulgeo, fulsi, 2, beam down upon.
affundo, fudi, füs-, 5, pour upon.
afore, (absum,) be away.
Africa, e, F., Africa, especially
the country near Carthage.
Africanus, i, surname of Scipio,
after the defeat of Carthage.
Africus, A., African; S.-W. wind.
Agamemnon, ónis, ona, myth. k.
of the Greeks before Troy.
agaso, onis, M., groom.
age (imperat.) agedum, come now.
'agellus, i, M., dim. of ager, field.
agema, atis, N., battalion.
agens, tis, effective.
Agenor, óris, myth. k. of Phoenicia.
ager, gri, M., field, territory.
Agesilaus, B.C. 440—360, k. of Spar-
ta, victor at Coronea.

age sis, (si vis,) go to, come on. |

agger, eris, M., heap, mound, dike,
embankment.

aggero, I, (o heap up.

aggero, gessi, gest-, 5, bring upon.

aggestus, us, M., a heap, mound.

agglomero, r, /eap together, join.

agglutino, I, fasten together.

aggravo, I, weighten, burden.

aggredior, gress-, 3, approach, at-
tack, begin, attempt.

aggrego, I, (grex) to add, join.

agilis, e, movable, active, nimble,
busy. ;

agilitas, atis, F., quickness, speed.

agitatio, onis, F., movement.

agitator, oris, M., driver.

agito, r, (ago,) drive, rouse, attack,
keep, revolve.

agmen, inis, N., flock, troop, body
of troops (on march).

agna, ee, F., ewe-lamb.

agnáscor, 3, yrow near, be born after.

agnatus, a, um, kindred (by father's
side).

agnitus, a, um, acknowledged.

agnomen, inis, N., surname.

agnosco, novi, nit-, 5, own, recog-
nize, admit.

agnus, i, M., lamb.

ago, egi, act-, 3, act, do, lead, drive,
treat, rob, pass, ply.

agrárius, a, um, of fields or public
lands.

agrestis, e, rustic, rude.

agricola, ee, M., farmer.

agricultüra,ee, (-tio), F., husbandry.

Agrigentum, i, N., a cityin the W.
of Sicily. 52744.

ahéneus, a, um, (eeneus,) brazen.

ain', say you so? from

aio (defect. $ 38, ii.), say, assent.

Ajax, acis, name of two Grecian
heroes before Troy.

ala,.&e, F., wing, upper arm.

alacer, cris, cre, eager, acte.

alacritas, atis, F., eagerness, Tap-
ture. j

alapa, ee, F., slap, cuff. ;

alaris, e (ius, a, um), of a wing.

alauda, ee, F., lark.

6 IBbtolia — alauda.
|

Alba — Alpes. *

Alba, ee, an ancient town of La-
tium, 20 miles S. E. of Rome.
albeo, 2, (-esco, 3,) be or grow white.

albico, 1, to whiten.

albus, a, unm, white, fair, favorable ;
N., whiteness, white, a. tablet.

alcedo, inis, F., Lingfisher.

alces, is, F., elk.

Alcibiades, is, an Athenian gen-
eral, B.C. 450—404.

Alcides, ee, a name of Hercules.

-Alcmena (-umena), ee, myth. wife
of Amphitryo, m. of Hercules.

Talcyon, onis, F., &ingfisher.

alea, ee, F., a die, game, risk.

aleator, Oris, M., gamester.

alec (halec), ecis, N., brine.

Alecto, üs, F., one of the Furies.

ales, itis, winged, a bird.

Alexander, dri k. of Macedon
and conq. of Asia ; B.C. 356-323.

Alexandria, e&e,a city of Egypt,
founded by Alexander, B.C. 332.

alga, ee, F., sea-weed.

algeo, si, 2, to be cold.

algor, oris, M., cold.

algosus, a, um, full of sea-weed.

algu, with cold.

alia, by some other way.

alias, otherwise, elsewhere, at another
time, in other respects.

alibi, elsewhere, in other respects.

alica, ee, F., spelt, grits, gruel.

alicubi, somewhere, anywhere.

alicunde, from somewhere.

alienatio, onis, F., (ransfer, deser-
tion, separation, enmily.

alienigena, e, C., foreigner.

alieno, r, estrange, remove, alter.

alienus, a, um, another's, unfavor-
able, unfit, foreign, hostile; ees
alienum, debt.

aliger, era, um, winged.

alimentum, i N.; -monia, ce, F.,
food, noorishment, support.

alio, e/sewhither.

alioqui (-quin), othericise, besides.

aliorsum (-versum), in another way.

alipes, pedis, wing-footed.

Taliptes, ae, M., trainer, anointer.

aliqua, 5j some way, somewhere.

aliquam, in some-degree.
aliquamdiu, for some time.
aliquando, some time, at length.
aliquantisper, for a while.
aliquantulum, soe little.
aliquantus, a, um, somewhat, con-
siderable; -to, in some degree.
aliquatenus, /o some extent.

aliqui (quis) qua, quod (quid),
some (S 21, ii); N., something,
somewhat.

aliqui-piam, any one, some other.

aliquo, some-whither.

aliquot, some, several.

aliquoties, several times.

aliter, otherwise.

alitus, (alo,) nourished.

aliubi, e/sewhere.

aliunde, from elsewhere.

alius, a, ud, 1us, other, (S 22, 2).

allábor, laps-, 5, fall or glide to.

allacrimans, tis, 1, weeping.
allatro, t, bark at, revile.

allatus, (affero,) brought.

allecto, t, aure.

allego, t, to despatch, incite, allege.

allego, egi, ect-, 3, choose, elect.

allevo, I, raise, ease, lighten.
allex, icis, M., (umb.

Allia, ze, F., a river N. of Rome,
famous for the victory of the
Gauls, July 18, B.c. 389.

allicio, lexi, lect-, 3, allure, entice.

alüido, si , sum, 3, dash against,
ereck.

alligo, r, fasten to, bind, detain.

allium, i, N. Ege lic.

allocütio, onis,
address.

alloquor, cutus, 3, (o address, ex-
hort, console.

allubesco, 35, please.

allüdo, si, sum, 3, sport, banter.

alluo, ui, 3, wash, flow near.

alluvies, ei, F., pool, overflow.
almus, a, um, (alo,) nourishing, be-

nign, cherishing, propitious.
alnus, i, F., alder.

alo, ui, alt- (alit-), 3, feed, EGES d

Taloe, es, r., aloe, bitterness.

Alpes, ium, F., the Alps.

; quium, i, N.,

B Alpheus — Amphion.

Alpheus (eios) i, M., a river of
Peloponnesus.

alsus (ius), a, um, coid.

altaria, ium, N. pl., Aigh altar.

alte, on high, deeply.

alter, era, um (g.,-terius), other (of
two), second ; one . . . the other.

altercatio, onis, F., quarrel, dispute.

altercor, 1, contend, wrangle.

alternis (ne, na), by turns.

alterno, i, (o alternate, hesitate.

alternus, a, um, alternate.

alter-uter, one or the other.

altheea, ee, F., inarsh-malloww.

Altheea, ee, myth. m. of Meleager.

altilis, e, well-fed, fat.

altisonus, a, um, /ofty in tone.

altitudo, inis, F., ^eight, depth.

altor, oris, M.; -trix, tricis, F.,
nourisher.

altrinsecus, on the other side.

altus, a, um, (alo,) ^igh, deep, remote.

alucinor, I, wander in mind, dream.

alümen, inis, N., alum.

alumnus, i, M. ; a, ee, F., (alo,) fos-
ter-child, ubi.

alüta, ee, F., soft leather.

alvearium, n N., bee-hive.

alveolus, i, M., tray, tub, bucket.

alveus, i, M. ; um, N., channel, hull
(of ship), cavity, hive.

alvus, i, M., F., belly.

amabilis, e, lovely.

Amalthéa, a nymph of Crete,

who fed Jupiter with goat's milk.

amando, r, «end away.

amans, tis, fond, friendly, lover.

amanter, lovingly.

amaracus, i, C. (um, N.), lidrdo rise:

Tamarantus, i, M., amaranth.

amaror, Oris, M., lilterness.

amarus, a, um, bitter, harsh, sad.

amasius, i, M., lover, gallant.

amátor, Oris, M., lover, friend.

Amáàzónés, um, F., myth. tribe of
female warriors, of Thrace.

ambactus, i, M., vassal.

ambages, is, F., circumlocution,
obscurity, digression.

ambarvalis, e, going about the
fields.

ambedo, edi, es-, 3, consume.
[ambi- (amb-, am.-., an-), bid
about.
ambigo, 35, vog ther doubt, dispute.
ambiguus, a, um, doubtful, drifting,
uncertain, obscure.
ambio, 4, go about, encircle, solicit.
ambitio, onis, F., solicitation, flat-
tery, ambition, canvassing.
ambitiosus, a, um, fining, court-
ing favor, vain, ambitious.
ambitus, üs, M., circuit, briberg.
ambo, ee, o, ($ 18, r., 2.) both.
T ambrosia, ee, F., food for gods.
ambrosius, a, um, divine, lovely.
ambulo, 1, wwulk, go, march.
ambüro, ussi, ust-, 3, burn about.
ambustus, a, um, scorched.
amellus, i, M., purple starwort.
amens, tis, zuad, insane, distracted.
amentia, ee, F., madness.
amento, I, furnish or hurl with a
thong, inpel.
amentum, i, N., f/iong.
ames, itis, M., s/ake, forked pole.
amfractus, üs, M., bend, crook.
amica, ee, F., friend, mistress.
amicio, ui (xi), ct-, 4, wrap, clothe.
amicitia, ee, F., friendship.
amictus, üis, M., garment, covering.
amiculum, i, N., mantle.
amiculus, i, M., dear friend.
amicus, a, um, friendly, friend.
amita, ee, F., father's sister.
amitto, misi, miss-, 5, lose, let go.
[amm-—adm-.
Ammon, Onis, M.,
Egyptian deity.
amnis, is, M., river (large deep
stream).
amo, 1, lo love, be fond of.
amcenitas, atis, F., pleasantness,
charm, darling.
amoenus, a, um, pleasant, fair.
amolior, 4, put away.
amomum, i, N., spice-plant.
amor, Oris, M., /ove, desire.
amoveo, Ovi, Ot-, 2, remove, steal.
Amphiaraus, i, myth. seer and
hero in the siege of Thebes.
Amphion, ónis, myth. k. of Thebes.

the supreme

Amphitrite — annulus.

Amphitrite, es, sea-goddess, wife
of Neptune.

Amphitryo (uo), onis, myth. k. of
'Thebes, husband of Alcmena.

Amphitryoniades, ee, Hercules.

amphora, ee, F., walter-jar.

amplector, xus, 3; -xor, I, [0o em-
brace, comprehend.

amplexus, üs, M., embrace.

. amplio (-fico), 1, enlarge, widen,
delay, glorif y.

amplitudo, inis, F., /argeness, dig-
nity, grandeur.

amplius, more, further, [ample.]

amplus, a, um, /arge, strong, great.

ampulla, ee, F., flask, jar, bombast.
amputo, I, prune, cut off.

Amulius, i, myth. k. of Alba, gr.-
uncle of Romulus.

amurca, ee, F., oil-lees, dregs.

amussis, is, im, F., foot-rule; ad
amussim, exactly.

Amyclee, arum (6, 6s), a town in
Laconia, birthplace of Castor
and Pollux (Amycleei fratres).

Tamygdalum, i, N., a/mond.

Tamylum, i, N., starch. i

Amyntas, ee, k. of Macedon, father
of Philip; died 5.c. 37o.

amystis, idis, F., eager draught.

an, whether, or; (interrog. $ 71).

Tanagnostes, ee, M., reader.

1 analecta, orum, N., scraps.

anas, atis, um (ium), F., duck.

anceps, cipitis, /wo-Aheaded, doubt-
Jul, perilous, critical.

Anchises, e&, a prince of Troy,
father of 7Eneas.

Tanchora—anoora, anchor.

ancile, is, N., shield.

ancilla, ee, F., maid-servant.

Tancon, onis, w., fork, corner.

Tanocora, ee, F., anchor.

Ancus Marcius, fourth k. of Rome,
reigned B.c. 640-618.

Andromache, es, wife of Hector.

Andromeda, myth. d. of Cepheus,
rescued by Perseus.

anellus, i, M., a little ring.

Tanemone, es, rF., wind-flower.

taneéthum, i, N., anise, dill.

anfractus, üis, M., turning, bend.
anfractus, a, um, broken, bent.
fangelus, i, M., angel, messenger.
tangina, ee, F., choking.
angiportus, us, M., /ane, alley.
ango, xi, ct- (x-), 3, choke, strangle,
torment, press hard upon.
angor, Oris, M., distress, strangling.
anguilla, ee, F., eel.
anguinus (eus), a, um, snaky.
anguis (en), is, C., (ango,) snake.
angulus, i, M., corner, angle, nook.
anguste, narrowly, closely.
angustiee, árum, F., pl. narrotwness,
narrow pass, defile, difficuity.
angustus, a, um, narrow, scanty.
anhelitus, us, M., breath, panting.
anhelo, 1, !o pant, gasp. Pe
anhelus, a, um, panting, gasping.
Anien—Anio (a river).
anilis, e, o/d-womanish.
anima, ee, F., air, breath, life.
animadversio, Onis, F., notice, re-
proach, investigation.
animadverto, ti, sum, 3, attend to ;
in (w. acc.), to punish, chastise.
animal, alis, N., living creature.
animalis, e, of air, living.
animans, tis, living, animate.
animatus, a, um, minded, disposed.
animo, I, /o give breath or life.
animosus, a, um, spirited, daring.
animus, i M., soul, mind, disposi-
tion, spirit, temper, life.
Anio, enis, M., /he Teverone, a
branch of the Tiber.
Anna, ee, (Perenna,)sister of Dido.
annalis, e, of a year; M., year-
book ? pl. annals, narrative.
annecto, xui, xum, 3, bind, fasten.
Annibal—Hannibal.
annitor, nis- (nix-), 3, sérive, lean
against.
anno (adno), 1, siim to.
annon, or not.
annona, e, F., Aarvest, price of
corn, provision.
annosus, a, um, aged.
annotinus, a, um, /ast year's.
annoto, I, note, observe, register.
annulus (anulus), i, M., ring.

10 annumero — apparate.

annumero, I, count up, reckon.
annuo, ui, üt., 3, nod, assent, grant.
annus, i, M., year.
annuus, a, um, yearly, a-year.
an-quiro, quisivi, sit-, [queero,]
3, inquire, search.
ansa, ee, F., hanle.
ansatus, a, um, «with handles.
anser, eris, M. , goose.
ante (acc.), be fore, in front.
antea, before, formerly..
anteactus, [ago,] done before.
aute-capio, 5, anticipate, pr eoccupy.
ante-cedo, 35, go before, excel.
ante-cello, 3, excel, be prominent.
antecessor, Oris, M., advance-guerd.
antecursor, Oris, M , scout, pioneer.
ante-eo, 4, go before, exceed.
ante-fero, bear before, prefer.
antegredior, gressus, 3, usher ín.
antehac, ti// now, formerly.
antelatus, [fero,] preferred.
antelucanus, a, um, /efore day.
ante-mitto, 3, send before.
antenna (mna), ae, F., sailyard, spar.
antepilanus, i, M., of the front
rank.
ante-pono, 3, set before, prefer.
ante ...quam, before (that).
anterior, us, former, in front.
antes, ium, M. , ranks, rOwS.
antesignanus, i, M., one in front
(of standard).
ante-sto, r, stan before, excel.
antestor, 1, summon as witness.
antevenio, veni, vent-, 4, come
before, prevent, surpass.
anteverto, si, sum, 35, outstrip, pre-
cede, prevent, prefer.
antevolo. 1, //y before.
anthrax, acis, M., (coal), einnabar.
anticipatio, Onis, F., previous idea.
anticipo, I, an/icipate, surpass.
T antidotum, i, N., antidote, remedy.
Antigone, es, myth. d. of CEdipus.
Antiochia, ee, the capital of Syria.
Antiochus, i, name of several
kings of Syria, desc. of Seleu-
cus ; (he Great, B.C. 238—187.
Antiopa, ee (8, es) mother of
Amphion, by Jupiter.

. aper, apri, M.,

aniique, formerly, in the old way.

antiquitas, atis, F., antiquity, the
good old ways. -

antiquitus, «nciently, of. oll.

antiquo, t, restore, repeal, reject.

antiquus, a, um, ancient, famous,
venerable, old.

antistes, itis, C., ipit overseer,

anti-sto—-ante-sto, excel.

Antium, i, a coast-town of Latium.

Antonius, ML, the triumvir, de-
feated at Actium, B.C. 3r.

antrum, i, N., cave, grot'o, cavity.

anulatus, a, um, decked wiih rings.

anulus, i, M., ring, seal-ring.

anus, üs, F., old woman.

anxie, anriously.

anxietas, atis, F., anxious care.

anxius, a, um, anxious, unquiet.

Anxur, üris, N., a coast-town of
Latium.

Aonia, ee, a district of Boeotia.

apage, away! avaun:!!

Apenninus, i, (he Apennine.

wild boar.

aperio, erui, ert-, 4, to open, disclose,
display, reveal.

aperte, openly, clearly.

aperto, r1, /o lay bare.

apertüra, ee, F., opening.

apertus, a, um, open, uncovered.

apex, icis, M., (4p, cap, sumunit.

Taphractus, i, F., undecked ship.

apianus, a, um, of bees; F., camo-
mile.

apiarius, a, um, of bees;
keeper ;. N., bee-house.

apiastrum, i, N., mint, balm.

apicula, ee, F., litile bee.

apis (es), is, F., bee.

apiscor, apt-, 3, pursue, seize, qct.

apium, i, N., parsley.

aplüda, ee, F., bran, chaff.

aplustre, is, N., ship's stern.

Apollinaris, e, sacred to Apollo.

A pollo, inis, god of light, music,
&c., son of Jupiter and Latona.

t apologia, ee, F., apology, defence.

Tapologus, i, M., fable, tale. — -

tapotheca, ee, F., s/orehouse.

apparate, magnificently.

M., bee-

apparatus — arbutus.

apparatus, a, um, sumptuous.
apparatus, üs, M., ouffit, equipment,
apparatus, splendor.
appareo, ui, it-, 2, appear, be mani-
fest or certain, be in public.
apparitio, onis, F., service, domes-
tics.
apparitor, Oris, N., public servant.
apparo, I, prepare, furnish.
appellatio, onis, F., address, appeal,
calling by name, utterance.
appello, r, accost, call, name.
appello, puli, puls-, 3, push to-
wards, bring to land.
appendix, icis, F., appendage.
appendo, di, sum, 3, weigh out.
appetens, tis, eager, grasping.
appetentia, ce (-petitio, onis), F.,
desire.
appetitus, üs, M., attack, longing,
eager desire.
ap-peto, 3, seek, attack, long for.
Appia via,a road made by the
Censor, Ap. Claudius, B.C. 313.
" appingo, 3, paint, inscribe.
applaudo, si, sum, 3, applaud, clap.
applicatus (citus), a, um, attached.
applico, 1,70in, fasten, drive towards,
attach, apply, bring near.
ap-pono, 3, put near, add, serve up.
apporto, F., bring, convey.
appositus, a, um, si/uated near, fit.
appotus, a, um, drunk.
ap-prehendo (-prendo), 3, seize.
apprime, especiall y, chieffy.
approbatio, Onis, F., approval.
approbo, t, approve, assent, confirm.
appropero, I, :o hasten.
appropinquo, I, to approach.
Appulia, ee, F., dist. of S. E. Italy.
appulsus, a, um, [pello,]| driven.
appulsus, tis, M., driving-up.
apricàátio, Onis, F., basking in sun-
shine.
apricor, I, bask in sunshine.
apricus, a, um, sunny, open to the
sky, clear, full, open.
A prilis, is, M., [aperio,] April.
aprinus (-ugnus), a, um, of a boar.
aptàatus, a, um, suited, fit.
apte, /iily, suitably.

apto, I, to fit, join, prepare.
aptus, a, um, fii, suited, ready.
apud (aput) near, at, among.
Apulia—A ppulia.
aqua, ee, F., «ater; dare, give time.
aqualis, is, M., water-pot or bowl.
aquarius, a, um, of waler; M.,
water-carrier ;. N., sink, trough.
aquaticus,.a, um (-tilis, e), belong-
ing to water, watery, moist.
aquatio, onis, F., geíting water.
aquatus, a, um, watery.
aquifolium, i, N., holly.
aquila, ee, F., eagle, army-standard.
Aquileia, ee, a town neàr Venice.
aquilifer, feri, N., standard-bearer.
aquilo, onis, M., north wind.
aquilus, a, um, swarthy.
Aquitania, e, F., dist. of S. W.
Gaul; -nus, a, um, Aquitanian.
aquor, r, /o bring water.
aquosus, water, wet.
ara, ee, F., allar, refuge, monument.
Arabs, ábis (-icus, a, um), Arab-
ian.

aranea, ee, F. ; us,i, M., spider, cob-

web; -eum, i, N., cobiweb.
Arar, üris, M., //;e Saone, a branch
of the Rhone in S. E. Gaul.
aratio, onis, F., ploughing, field.
arátor, Oris, M., ploughman, farmer.
aratrum, i, N., plough.
Araxes,is, M., a river of Armenia.
Arbeéla, orum, N., a town of As-
syria where Darius was defeated,
RC. 332,
arbiter, tri, M., witness, judge, um-
pire, master.
arbitrarius, a, um, 5y arbitration,
arbitrary, uncertain.
arbitratus, üs, M., choice, freewill.
arbitrium, i, N., presence, judgment,
award, dominion, will, power.
arbitror, 1, observe, judge, think.
arbor (os), "bris, F , tree, mast, oar.
arboreus, a, um, of trees.
arbustun, i N., copse, grove, or-
chard (for training vines).
arbuteus, a, um, of the arbute.
arbutus, i, F. ; um, i, N., wild straw-
berry-tree or fruit.

19 arca — Armenius.

arca, ee, F., chest, money-box.

Arcadia, e, the central district
of the Peloponnesus.

arcàno, in secret.

arcanus, a, um, secret, hidden,

Arcás, ádis, Arcadian.

arceo, ui, 2, (o shut close, keep off,
constrain, guard, confine.

arcera, ee, F., covered carriage (for
the sick), ambulance.

arcesso, Ivi, it-, 5, summon, fetch,
invite, obtain.

T archetypus, a, um, original.

[T archi-, cAief.

Archimedes, is, a mathematician
and engineer of Syracuse, who
defended the city, B.C. 212.

architectus, i, M., master-builder.

arcitenens, tis, M., archer (Apollo).
arctim (te), closely.

arcto, I, sírain close.

Tarctos (us), i, F., the polar Bear.

Arctürus, i, M., a star in Boótes.

arctus, | arceo, | close, narrow, strict.

arcula, ee, F., little chest, box.
arcuo, I, /o bend, curve.

arcus, us (i), M., arch, bow.

ardea, ee, F., heron.

ardelio, onis, M., busybody.

ardens, tis, glowing, hot, fiery.

ardenter, /otly, vehemently.

ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2, (o burn.

ardesco, arsi, 3, take fire, gleam.

ardor, Oris, M., heat, flame, glow.

ardus—aridus, dry. :

arduus, a, um, steep, difficult.

area, ee, F., threshing-floor, court-
yard, house-plot, field.

arefacio, feci, fact-, 3, make dry.

arena, ee, F., sand, beach, arena.

arenarius, a, um, of sand; M.,
gladiator ; F., sand-pit.

arenatus (-O0sus), a, um, sandy.

arens, tis, parched, thirsty.

reo, ui, 2, (o be dry, parched. '

Areopagus (os), i Mars! Hill, the
supreme court of Athens.

aresco, arui, 3, grow dry.

Arethüsa, e, F., a fountain near

Syracuse, fabled to flow under .

the sea from Elis to Sicily.

argentarius, a, um, of silver; M
banker ; F., bench, mine.
argenteus, a, um, of silver, silvery.
argentum, i, N., silver, money.
argilla, ee, F., potter's clay.
Argivus, a, um, of Argos ; Greek.
Argo, üs, F., the ship of Jason.
Argolicus, a, um, of Argos, Greek.
Argonautas, arum, the heroes
who sailed for the golden fleece.
Argos, N., the capital of Argolis.
argumentatio, Onis, F., reasoning,
proof.
argümentor, I, prove by reasoning.
argümentum, i, N., reasoning.
arguo, i, üt-, 3, to make clear, rea-
son, accuse, convict.
Argus, i, the keeper of Io, having
100 eyes ; slain by Mercury.
argute, shrewdly, acutely.
argütiee, F., animation, wit.
argüto (or) 1, to speak sharply or
wittily.
argütiee, arum, F., animation, il,
shrewdness. ;
argütus, a, um, active, keen, witty.
Ariadna ee, (6, 68), myth. d. of
Minos, who fled with Theseus.
Aricia, ee, F., a town in Latium.
ariditas, atis, F., dryness.
aridus, a, um, cry, parched, lean ;
N., dry ground.
ariés, etis, M., ram, battering-beam.
arieto, I, /o butt, push, batter.
ariolor (hariolor), prophesy, babble.
Arion, ónis, myth. harpist of Les-
bos, rescued at sea by dolphins.
arista, ee, F., wheat-ear, harvest.
aritüdo, inis, F., dryness, drought.
arma, Orum, N., arms, defensive
weapons, tools, tackle.
armamaxa, ee, F., covered chariot.
armamenta, orum, N., fools, tackle.
armamentàrium, i, M., arsenal,
dock-1jard.
armarium, i, N., chest, closet.
armátüra, ee, F., equipment, troops.
armàtus, a, um, armed, equipped.
armátus, üs, M., equipment.
Armenia, ee, Armenia.
Armenius, a, um, Armenian.

"

armenftalis — asinus. 18

armentalis, e, of the herd.

armentarius, i, M., herdsman.

armentum, i, N., herd of cattle, &c.

armifer, fera, um, bearing arms.

armiger, geri M., armor-bearer,
companion-in-arms.

armilla, ee, F., bracelet, arinlet.

armillum, i, N., wine-vessel.

armipotens, tis, mighty in battle.

armisonus, a, um, resounding with
arms.

armo, 1, /o arm, equip, call to arms.

Armoricus, a, um, of the coast
district of N. W. Gaul.

armus, i, M., shoulder (of beast).

aro, rt, (o plough, till, cultivate.

1 aroma, atis, N., spice.

Arpinum, i a town in Latium,
.birthpl. of Marius and Cicero.
Arpinus, a, um, of ÁArpi, (Apulia).

arquatus, a, um, arched, bent.

arquus—-arcus, /ow.

arrectus, a, um, s/eep, attentive.

arrepo, psi, pt-, creep toward.

arreptus, [arripio, | seized.

Arretium, i, N., a town of Etruria.

arrha, ee, F., (-abo, onis, M.), pledge,
pawn.

. ar-rideo, 2, (o smile upon, please.

arrigo, rexi, rect-, 3, uplifi, rouse.

arripio, ui, rept-, 3, attack, snatch,
seize, drag into court.

arrisor onis, N., //atterer.

arrodo, si, sum, 3, gnaw, nibble.

arrogans, tis, haughty.

arroganter, haughtily.

arrogantia, ee, F., haughtiness.

arrogatio, onis, F., adoption.

arrogo, I, /o question, claüm.

arrosus, a, um, nibbled.

ars, artis, F., skill, art, science, habit.

arsus, a, um, [ardeo,] burnt.

arte (arcte), closely.

articulate, distinctly.

articulatim, Joint bj joint.

articulatus, a, um, Jointed.

articulo, t, /o connect by joints.

articulosus, a, um, &notty.

articulus, i, M., knot, joint, division,

artifex, icis, M., artist, buiüder ;
(as adj.), skilled.

artificium, i, N., trade, skill, trick.
artitus, a, um, |ars,] skilled.
Tartopta, ee, F., baking-pan.
artus, a, um (arctus), cíose, scant.
artus, üs, M., Joint, lünb.
arundifer, fera, um, reed-bearing.
arundineus, a, um, reedy.
arundo, inis, F., reed, rod, shaft.
Aruns, tis, Etruscan name of
younger sons.
aruspex, icis, M., a diviner (from
entrails), soothsayer.
arvalis, e, of the field.
arvina, ee, F., fat, tallow.
arvus, a, um, ploughed (not sown) ;
N., field, ploughed land.
arx, arcis, F., tower, citadel, height.
as, assis, M., unit of weight or
coin ($ 84), consisting of 12 parts:
I (45), uncia ; 7 (45), septunx;
2(i)sextans; 8(2),bessis;
3(4) quadrans; 9(4), dodrans;
4(1 ), tziens; Io ( 2), dextans;
5($35), quincunx; 11 (13), deunx.
6(i)semissis; 12 as, originally
a pound of copper; as coin,
worth afterwards about a cent.
Ascanius, myth. son of /Eneas.
ascendo di, sum, 5, [scando,] o
clinb, mount, ascend.
ascensio, Onis, F.,-us, Us, M., ascent,
ascia, ee, F., are, hoe, mattock.
ascio, 4, (o summon, admit.
ascisco, ivi, It-, 3, call for, bring in,
receive, adopt, approve.

Ascra, e, a town in Boeotia, birth-
place of Hesiod (Ascreeus).
ascribo, psi, pt-, 3, write in, enrol,

impute, ascribe, assign.
ascriptivus, a, um, supernumerary.
ascriptor, Oris, M., subscriber.
asellus, i, M., asella, ee, F., donkey.
Asia, ee, F. ; (originally a town of
Lydia) Asia; generally, Asia
Minor, the large peninsula S.
of the Black Sea.
Asiaticus, i, surname of L. Scipio,
conqueror of Antiochus, B.C. 190.
asilus, i, M., gad-jly.
asinarius, (-1nus), a, um, of asses.
asinus, i, M. ; asina, ee, F., an ass.

14 Asius — assus.

Asius, a, um, of Asia, Asiatic.
Tasotus, i, M., a riotous person.
Tasparagus, i, M., asparaqus.
aspecto, I, behold, look at, attend.
aspectus, |aspicio,] beheld.
aspectus, üs, M., aspect, view.
aspello, 3, ezpel, drive.
asper, era, um, /iarsh, rough, cruel.
aspere, roughíy, harshly.
aspergo, si, sum, 3, besprinkle.
aspergo, inis, r., a sprinkling.
asperitas, atis, F., roughness, harsh-
ness, sharpness, cruelty.
aspernatio, onis, F., contempt.

aspernor, I, cast off, slight, despise. .

aspero, I, roughen, sharpen, enrage.
aspersio, Onis, F., sprinkling.
Tasphodelus, i, «., asphodel (lily).
aspicio, exi, ect-, 3, view, behold,
consider, examine, get sight of.
aspiratio, onis, r., breathing.
aspiro, r, breathe on, approach.
1 aspis, idis, F., asp, viper, shield.
asporto, I, carry away, convey.
aspretum, i, N., a brambly place.
assa, Orum. N., sweating-room.
Assaracus, i, one of the sons of
Tros, myth. founder of Troy.
assarius, a, um, roasted.
assatüra, ee, roasting.
asseca, ee, C., hanger-on, follower.
assectator, Oris, M., attendant.
assector, I, a/tend, wait on, qet.
assensio, Onis, F.; -sus, üs, M.,
assent, approval, agreement.
assentatio, Onis, F., /lattery, assent.
assentator, Oris, N., //atterer.
assentio, si, sum, 4, (o assent, ap-
prove.
assentior, 4, sens-, agree, assent.
assentor, I, flatter, comply.
assequor, cütus, 3, follow close,
overtake, attain, comprehend.
asser, eris, M., pole, joist, stake.
asserculus, i, M., (um, N.) s'ake,
broomstick.
assero, evi, it-, 3, to plant near*
assero, ui, ert-, 3, assert, affirm,
claim, lay hold, liberate, protect.
assertio, Onis, F., declaration of
Jreedom. 1

assertor, Oris, M., deliverer, pro-
tecior, claimant.
asservio, 4, render service.
asSServo, t, /0 preserve.
assessio, Onis, F., silfing near.
assessor, Oris, N., assistant.
asseveratio, onis, F., earnest asser-
tion, affirmation.
assevero, I, assert, affirm, prove.
assicco, I, lo dry, h«arden.
assideo, sedi, sess-, 2, sil near,
assist, resemble, besiege.
assido, sedi, 3, /o sit near, or settle
upon.
assidue, (-uo), constantly.
assiduitas, atis, F., constant pre-
sence, repetition.
assiduus, a, um, constant, unremit-
ting ; rich; M., tribute-payer, [as].
assignatio, onis, F., allotment.
assigno, I, ussign, appoint, ànpute.
assilio, ui, sult-, 4, (eap upon.
assimilis, e, very like.
assimulàatio, Onis, F., feigning.
assimulátus, a, um, /ike, feigned.
assimulo (ilo), t, preiend, compare,
represent, assume, feign, copy.
assis—as, unit of coin, weight, &c.
assisto, stiti, 3, s'and near, assist.
assitus, a, um, [sero,] se! near.
asso, I, /o roast, broil, scorch.
associo, I, /o join, add, unite.
assoleo, 2, (o be usual or aecustomed.
assono, 1, resound, sound forth.
assue-facio, 3, /o accustom.
assuesco, evi, et-, get wonted.
assuetüdo, inis, F., custom, habit.
assuetus, a, um, accustomed, usual.
assula, ee, F., door, chip, splinter.
assulatim (-086), piecemeal.
assultim, )y le«ps.
assulto, I, /o /eap upon, assault.
assultus, üs, M., onset.
assum (adsum), /o be at hand, at-
tend, protect, appear, approach.
as-sumo, 3, take, assume, choose.
assumptio, Onis, F., receiving.
assumptivus, a, um, exírinsic.
assuo, 3, sew upon.
assurgo, exi, ect-; 3,rise up, mount.
assus, a, um, roasted, dry.

Assyria —- attero. 15

Assyria, ee, F., district of Asia,
eastward of the upper Tigris.
Assyrius, a, um, Assyrian.
ast——at, bui.
Taster, eris, M., siar, síarwort.
asterno, Btrát-, 3, spread upon.
fasticus, a, um, of the city.
astipulor, I, engage, agree.
astituo ui, üt-, 3, t0 set near.
asto, stiti, I, stand near or erect.
Astreea, ee, goddess of Justice,
who forsook earth for heaven.
astratus, [asterno,] spread.
astrepo, 3, 0e noisy, roar, shout.
astrictus, a, um, close, brief, tight.
astringo, inxi, ict-, (/e, bind close.
Tastrologus, i, M., astronomer.
astructio, Onis, F., piling-on, build-
PRA
Tastrum, i, N., s/ar, constellation.
astruo, xi, ót-, 3, build near, add.
Tastu (asty), N., cily.
astupeo, ui, 2, iimdey- n:
astur, uris, M., « kind of hawk.
asturco, Onis, M., Spanish nag.
| astus, a, um, crafiy.
astus, üs, M.; ; -tu,-tia, ee, F., craft.
astute, cunningly.
astutia, ee, F., dexterity, craft.
astutus, a, um, crafty, expert.
Astyanax, actis, son of Hector.
Tasylum, i, refuge, sanctuary.
Tasymbolus, a, um, scot-fee.
at, but, but yet, on the other hand.
| at&lb»ulus, i, M, a hot wind, Sirocco.
Atalanta, e, myth. princess of
Boeotia, famous for speed in
running.
| atat! exclam. of pain or wonder.
atavus, i, M., ancestor (5th deg.).
atellánus, a, um, (of Atella, a town
|» in Campania,) farcical.
ater, tra, trum, black, dark, gloomy.
Athamas, antis, myth. k. of Thes-
saly, son of 7Eolus.

|

Athenee, arum, rF., Athens, capital
of Attica, made a 'repub. B.C. 510.

Atheneeum, i, N., temple ne Min-
erva at Athens.

Atheniensis, e, /A/enian.

Tatheos, i, w., atheist.

Tathla, orum, N., struggles, sorrows.

Tathleta, ee, M., wrestler.

Athos, o, on, M., a stormy prom-
ontory o? Macedonia.

Atiantiades, ee, Mercury.

Atlantiadés (-tides), the Pleiades
and Hyades, daughters of Atlas.

Atlas, antis, a 'litan, son of
Japetos, changed to a mountain
(in N. Africa) by Perseus.

Tatomus, a, um, ewdivisible.

atque (ac), and, as, than.

atqui, 6ui yet, indeed.

atramentum, i, N., ink, black dye.

atratus, a, um, n mourning.

Atreus, eij myth. son of Pelops,
f. of Arzamemnon and Menelaus.

atriensis, is, M., Aouse-steward.

atritas, atis, F., blackness.

atrium, i, N., [ater,] /all, court.

atrocitas, atis, F., suvageness, hor-
ror, severity, harshness.

atrociter, cruelly, fiercely.

Atropos, i, F., one of the Fates.

atrox, Ocis, fierce, stern, cruel.

attactus [attingo,] (ouched.
attactus, üs, M., (ouch.

attagen, enis, M.; gena, &, F.,
snipe, woodcock.

attalicus, a, um, of Attalus, or
Pergamus ; gorgeous.

Attalus, name of three kings of
Pergamus, allies of the Romans,
reigning B.C. 241-197; 159-
138 ; 138-133.

attamen, 6ut yet.

attamino, 1, /o rob, dishonor.

attat !—atat!

attegiee, arum, F., /uts.

attemperate, opportunely.

attempero, 1, (o fit, adjust.
attendo, di, tum, 35, sí/reich, apply,

give heed, strive, bend, strain.
attente, dili igently.

attento (tempto), 1, attempt, attack,
try.

Bttentk a, um, Aeedful, attentive.

attenuátus, a, um, hin, weak.

attenuo, I, /o make thin, lessen.
attero, trivi, txit-, 3, rub upon, wear
away, destroy, weaken, exhaust.

16 attestor — aulula.

attestor, I, /est?fy, prove.

attexo, ui, tum, 3, weave upon.

Tatthis, idis, F., (of Attica), night-
ingale or swallow.

Attica, ee, F., dist. in E. Greece.

attice, eleganlly.

atticus, a, um, elegant, superior.

attinee, a, um, F., boundary-stones.

attineo, ui, tent-, 2, hold to, belong,
detain, reach to, be of moment.

attingo, tigi, tact-, [tango,] touch
upon, lie near, reach, seize.

attollo, 3, uplift, elevate, enlarge.

attondeo, di, tons-, 2, shave close,
clip, prune, nibble.

attonite, frantically.

attonitus, a, um, /Aunderstruck,
amazed, stunned, terrified.

attono, ui, it-, astonish, stupefy.

attorqueo, 2, hurl upward.
attraho, traxi, tract-, 3, draw, drag,
attract, contract.

attrecto, 1, (o touch, handle, appro-
pnate.

attribuo, ui, üt-, 3, impute, assign,
bestow, add.

attributio, Onis, F., assignment.

attributum, i, N., bi//, draft, attri-
bute.

attritus, [tero,] worn, wasted.

attritus, us, M., a rub, bruise.

attuli, [affero,] brought.

Atys (Attys), yos, myth. k. of Ly-
dia, son of Hercules and Om-
phale, queen of Lydia.

auceps, cupis, C.; [avis capio,]
bird-catcher.

auctifer, era, um, fruit-bearing.

auctio, Onis, F., increase, auction.

auctionor, 1, sell bj auction.
aucto, (-ito), r, [augeo, | to increase.
auctor, Oris, M., author, adviser,
founder, model, advocate.
auctoramentum, i, N., bounty, pay.
auctoritas, atis, F., authority, in-
Jfluence, advice, dignity, weight.
auctoro, r, bind, pledge, hire.
auctumnalis, e, of autumn.
auctumno, I, bring on harvest.
auctumnus, i, M., [augeo,] autumn.
auctus, [augeo,] great, rich, ample.

auctus, üs, M., growth, increase.

aucupium, i, N. bird-caiching,
game.

aucupor, I, watch, hunt, catch.

audacia, ee, F., boldness, daring.

audacter, -citer, fearlessly, boldly.
audax, acis, bold, audacious, con-
ident, violent, rash.

audens, tis, courageous, brave.

audentia, ee, F., courage, bravery.

audeo, ausus, 2, to dare, venture.
audiens, tis, obedient; M., listener.
audientia, m, F., hearing, attention.
audio, 4, hear, understand, listen,
. obey, be spoken of (well or ill).
auditio, onis, F., hearing, hearsay.
auditor, Oris, M., hearer.
auditorium, i, N., audience-hall.
aufero, abstuli, ablat-, bear away,
withdraw, remove, obtain.
aufugio, fügi, 3, //ee away.

augeo, xi, ct-, 2, (o increase, enlarge,
exalt, enrich, honor with gifts.

augesco, 3, grow, increase.

augmen, inis ; -tum, i, N., growth.
augur, uris, M., augur, diviner
auguralis, e, respecting augury.
augurátio, onis, F., divination.
augurato, /Aaveing inspected — the
omens, with consent of the gods.
auguratus, ee, M., office of augur.
augurium, i, N., augury, interpret-
ing of. omens, prophecy.

auguro, I, consult, forebode.

auguror, I, /(o prophesy, forebode,
divine (by flight of birds).

auguste, reverently.

augustus, a, um, majestic, august,
an Imperial title ; F., a princess
of the emperor's house.

Augustalis, o, (-ànus, a, um), of
Augustus.

Augustus, i, Octavius Casar,
adopted son of Julius, emperor
from B.C. 31, to A.D. I4.

aula, ee, (ai), F., hall, court.

auleeum, i, N., curtain, canopy.

aulicus, a, um, of (Ae court, princely.
faulcedus, i M., minstrel (who
sings to the flute).

aulula, à, F., [olla,| a little pot.

aura — avius. 17

aura, ee (ai), F., air, breeze, breath,
vapor, gleam.

aurárius, a, um, of gold ; M., gold-
smith; F., gold-mine.

auratus, a, um, jill, gold-colored,
gold-clad.

Aurelius, ij Emperor of Rome,
reigned, A.D. 161-180.

aureus, (-olus) a, um, golden,
bright; M., a gold coin.

auriconus, a, um, gold-Ahaired or
ieaved.

auricula, e, rF., lap of the ear.

aurifer, fera, um, gold-bearing.

aurifex, ficis, M., goldsnuth.

aurifodina, ee, F., gold-mine.

auriga, ee, M., charioteer; driver,
groom, pilot.

aurigo, I, /o drive, steer, guide.

auris, is, F., ear; mould-board (of
plough).

auritus, a, um, /ong-eared.

auro, I, (o cover with gold.

aurora, ee, F., dawn, morning, East.

aurügo, inis, F., jaundice.

aurum, i, N., gold.

Aurunci, orum, people of S. Italy.

auscultatio, onis, F., /earkening.

auscultator, onis, M. listener.

ausculto, 1, hearken, listen, obey.

ausim, [audeo,] dare.

A usónes (-ii), people of Ausonia.

Ausonia, &, N., ancient name of
central and lower Italy.

auspex, icis, C., diviner (by birds) ;
guide, patron or protector.

auspicato, having taken the auspices.

auspicatus, a, um, fortunate, au-
spicious, consecrated.

auspicium, i, N., token, omen.

auspico, I, /o take auspices.

auspicor, I, waích omens (by birds),
take the auspices, begin, enter upon.

auster, tri, M., south wind, south.

austere, rigidly, sternly.

austeritas, atis, F.,
rigor.

austérus, a, um, harsh, tart, severe,
sad, gloomy.

australis, €; -trinus, a, um, of te
south. -

harshness,

ausus, [audeo,] having dared; w.,
adventure, enterprise.

aut, either, or, or else.
autem, but, however, besides.
Tauthepsa, ee, F., stew-pan.
author (autor) auctor, adviser.
1] automatus, a, um, self-moving.
autumnus—-auctumnus, autumn.
autumo, I, affirm, assent, assert.

auxiliaris, e, giving aid, auxiliary.

auxiliarius, a, um, for aid.

auxilior, r, /o aid, help, relieve.

auxilium, i, N., aid, assistance ; pl.
auxiliary troops, military force.

auxim, (pf. subj. of augeo), grow.

avare, eagerly, greedily.

avaritia, ee, F., avarice, greed.

avarus, a, um, greedy, covetous.

ave, hail, farewell.

aveho, xi, ct-, carry off.

avello, velli (vulsi), vuls-, 3, rend
away, pluck out or apart.

avena, ee, F., oats, straw-pipe.

Aventinus, i, M., a hill in the S.-
W. of Rome.

aveo, 2, to desire, covet.

aveo, 2, be fortunate or blest.

Avernus, i, M., alake at the en-
trance to the world below.

a-VeIIO, 3, sweep away.

averrunco, I, avert, remove.

aversio, Onis, F. turning away.

aversor, I, lo turn aloof, hate, scorn.

aversor, Oris, M., purloiner. —

aversus, a, um, backward, remote,
hostile, estranged.

averto, ti, sum, 3, furn aside, avert,
withdraw, embezzle, estrange.

avia, ee, F., grandmother.

avia, orum, patAless places.

aviarius, i, M., bird-catcher ; -um,
i, N., bird-cage, resort of birds.

avide, eagerly, greecdily.

aviditas, atis, F., greediness, eager
desire, avarice.

avidus, a, um, greedy, covetous,
longing, hungry, insatiable.

avis, is, F., bird, flying thing, omen.

avitus, a, um, [avus,] ancestral,
ancient.

avius, a, um, pathless, remote.

18

avocatio, Onis, F., calling away,
diversion.

avoco, I, call off, withdraw, recall.

a-volo, i1, //y off, haste away.

avulsio, onis, F., plucking off.

avulsus, [avello,] torn away.

avunculus, i, M., uncle (by moth-
er's side).

avus, i N. grandfather, ancesior ;
(I pater, 2 avus, 3 proavus,
4 abavus, 5 atavus, 6 tritavus).

axicia, ee, F., scissors.

axilla, &, F., arm-pit.

axis, is, M., axle, aris, sky, pole,
north, a board or plank.

axungia, ee, F., wheel-grease.

Tazymus, a, um, unleavened,

B.

babylo, onis, M., money-changer,
broker.

Babylon, onis, F., ancient capital
the East, on the Euphrates.

Babylonia, ee, F., the province of
Babylon.

Babylonicus, (-us) a, um; -ensis, e,
DBabylonian ; -ca, orum, embroi-
dered. tapestry.

bacca, ee, F., berry, fruit, pearl.

baccar, aris, N., valerian, wild
nard.

baccatus, a, um, se! wit], pearl.

baccha, ee, priestess of Bacchus.
Bacchanal, alis, N., a place sacred

». to Bacchus ; pl. festival of B.

bacchatio, onis, F., debauch.

bacchicus (-eus) a, um, of Bac-
chus.

bacchor, 1, /o revel, riot, go about
wildly, as in the Bacchanalia.

Bacchus, i, god of Wine (Liber),
son of Jupiter and Semele.

baccifer, era, um, bearing berries.

bacillum, i, N., a little staff, wand.
baculum, w., s/aff, stick.

badius, a, um, brown, bay.

1 badizo, r, /o go, walk.

Beetis, is, M., the G'uadalquiver, in
Spain ; -ica, ee, the dist. near.

avocatio — baris.

Baiee, arum, F., a coast-town on
the Bay of Naples.

bàjulo, 1, (o carry a burden.

bàajulus, i, M., porter, bearer.

baleena, ee, F., wAale.

[balanus, i, M., acorn, chesinut,
balsam-nut.

balatro, onis, M., Jester, buffoon.

| balatus, üs, M., bleating.

balbus, a, um, //sping, stammering.

balbütio, 4, to lisp, stammer.

Baleares, ium, F., a group of small
islands E. of Spain.

balineum-—balneum, Path.

baliolus—badius, tawny.

ballista, e, F., an engine like a
cross-bow, for hurling stones,
&c., in a siege; battery.

ballux—baàlux, gold-dust.

balnearius, a, um, of the bath; N.
pl. bath-room.

balneator, oris, M., bath-keeper.

balneum, i, N.; pl. e&, arum, F.,
bath.

balo, r, to bleat.

balsamum, i, N., balsam.

balteus (um), i, w., belt, sword-belt,

. edge, girdle, zone.

balux, ücis, F., gold-dust.

T baptisterium, i, N., plunge-bath.

t barathrum, i, N., gu/f, pit, abyss.

barba, ee, F., beard.

barbare, outlandishly, rudely.

barbaria, ee; -es, ei, F., a foreign
country, barbarism, savageness.

barbaricus, a, um, foreign, bar-
baric.

barbarus, a, um, foreign, strange,
wild, cruel.

barbatulus, a, um, with thin or
slight beard.

barbatus, a, um, bearded, old-fash-
ioned.

barbitos, (on), i., D., /ute, lyre.

Barcas, ee, M., the family name of
Hannibal.

barditus, i, M., office of bard.

bardocucullus, i, w., ^ooded cloak.

bardus, a, um, heavy, slow.

bardus, i, M., bard, minstrel.

t paris, idos, F., bier, barge.

1

baro — bidens. -. 19

baro, onis, M., blockhead.

barrio, 4, /o cry or roar ; from

barrus, i, M., elephant.

bascauda, ee, F., basket or basin.

1 basilice, royally, completely.

f basilicus, a, um, princely, royal ;
F.,a building used as court-house
and exchange.

bàsio, t, /o kiss.

fbasis, is, F., Óbase,
pedestal.

bàsium, i, N., a kiss.

bassareus, ei, M., ( fozskin) a title
of Bacchus.

basterna, ee, F., litter, palanquin.

Batavus, a, um, of. Holland.

batillum, i, N., fire-pan, shovel.

batiola, ee, F., goblet.

batuo, ui, 5, /o beat, fence.

baubor, 1, to bark, whine.

baxea, ee, F., wooden shoe, cloq.

beate, happily. -

beatitas, atis; tüdo, inis, F., ^ap-
piness, prosperity.

. beatus, a, um, Aappy, fortunate,
rich, abundant, magnificent.

Bobryx, ycis, Bebrycian (of Asia
Minor); a myth. king, van-
quished by Pollux in boxing.

Belge, arum, people of Belgium.

bellaria, orum, N., dainties (fruit,
nuts, &c.).

bellator, oris, M.; -trix, icis, F.,
warrior; adj., warlike.

belle, prettily, finely.

Bellerophon, tis, myth. son of
Glaucus, who slew the Chi-
mzera, riding upon Pegasus.

foundation,

belli, abroad (in the war $ 55, ri1,, 5).

bellicosus, a, um, warlike, eager
for war.
bellicus, a, um, belonging to war,
warlike (Mars) ; N., battle-signal.
belliger, era, um, waging war.
belligero, 1, /o wage war.
bellipotens, tis, mighty in war.
bello (or), t, to make war, fight.
Bellona, ee, goddess of War.
Belus, i, myth. founder of Babylon.
bellua, ee, F. (belua), brute.
bellulus, a, um, pretty.

bellum, i, N., war, battle.

bellus, a, um, pretty, elegant, fine,
costly, vigorous.

belua, ee, beast, monster, brute.

beluosus, a, um, abounding in
beasts.

Bénácus, 1 M, Lake Garda in
N. Italy.

bene (melius, optime), well, Àon-
orably, pleasantly.

benedico, xi, ct-, 3, bless, praise.

benedictum, i, N., commendation.

benefacio, feci, fact-, 3, (o benefit.

benefactum, i, N., good deed, benefit.

beneficiarii, privileged troops (ex-
empt from severer service)

beneficium, i, N., favor, kind act
privilege.

beneficus, a, um (-ficentior, -tis-
simus), liberal, kind. — [ friendly.

bene-(beni-)volens, tis; -volus,

benevolentia, ee, F., good-will.

benigne, kindly, indulgently.

benignitas, atis, F., bounty, kind-
ness, indulgence.

benignus, a, um, Lind, indulgent,
bountiful.

beo, 1, £o bless, make happy, refresh.

Berecyntius, a, um, of Cybele.

Berecyntus, i, M., a mt. in Phry-
gia, sacred to Cybele.

beryllus, i, «w., ber yl.

b8s, bessis, M., 8 ounces (2 of as).

bestia, ee, F., beast.

bestiarius, i| M., one who fights
with wild beasts in the arena.

beto, 3, (0 go.

betula (-lla), ee, F., birch.

t bibliopola, ee, M., bookseller.

t bibliotheca, ee, F,, library.

f biblus,i, F., papyrus (paper plant).

bibo, bibi, bibit-, 3, (o drink.

bibulus, a, um, thirsty, absorbing
moisture.

biceps, cipitis, two-headed, in. two
parts.

bicolor, óris, two-colored.

bicornis, e, two-horned, pronged.

bidens tis, having two teeth; M.,
garden-fork; F., a sheep 2 years
old, or with two front teeth.

20 — bidental — bracatus.

bidental, alis, struck with lightning
(forked); a consecrated place.

biduum, i, N., space of two days.

biennium, i, N., &wo years.

bifariam, on two sides, double.

bifer, fera, um, double-yielding.

bifidus, a, um, cleft, forked.

biforis, e, Aaving two openings.

biformis, e, double-shaped.

bifrons, tis, /wo-faced.

bifurcus, a, um, forked.

bigee, áàrum, F., team of two horses.

bigatus, a, um, s/amped with figure
of bigee.

bijugis, e; -us,a, um, yoked, coupled.

bilibris, e, F., of two pounds weight.

bilinguis, e, double-tongued.

bilis, is, F., bile, gall, wrath.

bilix, icis, twilled.

bilustris, e, of ten years.

bimaris, e, between two seas.

bimàtus, üs, M., (wo years.

" bimembris, e, having double limbs
(as centaurs).

bimestris, e, of two months.

bimus, a, um, fwo years old.

bini, ee, a, to and two, by twos.

bipalium, i, N., mattock, pick.

bipalmis, e, /—o spans long.

bipartito, in two divisions.

bipatens, tis, opening both ways.

bipedalis, e, /wo feet long or thick.

bipennis, is, ij F., battle-aze (two- -

edged).

bipes, edis, 'iwo-footed.

biremis, is, F., ship (of two banks
of oars).

bis, fice.

bisseni, t»elve (each).

bisulcilingua, ee, C., /ypocrite.

bisulcus, a, um, c/oven, furrowed,
Jforked.

Bithynia, e, F., prov. in N. W.
Asia Minor.

bitümen, inis, N., bitumen, coal-tar.

bivius, a, um, having two ways or
passages.

bleesus, a, um, /isping, stammering.

blande, sofily, kindly.

blandimentum, i, N., blandishment,
Jlattery, charm.

blandior, 4, to flatter, caress, allure.

blanditer, gently, sweetly.

blanditia, ee ; es, ei, f/attery, fond-
ling, delight.

blandus, a, um, gentle, courteous,
caressing, alluring.

blatero, 1: ; blatio, 4, prate, babble.

blatta, ee, F., moth, cockroach.

blattaria, ee, F., moth-mullein.

blennus, i, w., sorry fellow, dolt.

bliteus, a, um, mean, foolish.

blitum, i, N., spinage.

boa, ee, F., water-snake, measles.

boàrius, a, um, of oxen or cattle.

Bocchus, i; king of Mauritania
(North Africa), father-in-law of
Jugurtha.

Boeotia, e, F., district of central
Greece, N. W. of Attica.

boiee, arum, r., collar.

boletus, i, N., mushroom.

1 bolus, i, M., cast (with dice), gain,
profit, bait.

bombilo, 1, to hum or buzz.

bombilus, i, M., hwm, buzz.

bombycinus, a, um, of silk.

bombyx, ycis, D. silk-worm, silk,
fine cotton.

Bona Dea, ee, goddess of female
honor, worshipped by women.
bonitas, atis, F., goodness, kindness.
Bononia, ee, bologna, in N. Italy.
bonus, a, um (melior, optimus),

good, kind, fit, prosperous, virtu-
0us ; N. pl. riches, goods.
boo, rt, to roar, bellow.
bootes, ae (is), M., a constellation.
boreas, ee, M., north-wind, north.
Borysthenes, is, M., (he Dnieper.
bos, bovis, (S 11, r1, 4), oz, cow.
Bosporus,i, M. the strait from
the Black Sea to the Propontis.
botellus (-ulus), i, M., sausage.
1 botrus, i, M., cluster of grapes.

, t botryo onis, M., raisins.

bovile, (bübile), is, N., cattle-stall.

bovinor, t, !/o brawl, revile.

brabyla, orum, w., dainsons.

bracee, arum, breeches, trowsers.

brücatus, a, um, Aaving trowsers,
foreign, effeminate.

TUSCE M RRERHNERN

—nibjodadiitsd E

brachialis — Byzantium. — . 21

bráchialis, e, of the arm ; N., brace-
let, armnlet.

bràchium, i, N. arm (fore-arm),
branch, sail-yard.

bractea, ee, F., gold-leaf, tinsel.

branchiee, arum, r., gilís.

brassica, ee, F., cabbage.

Brennus, i chief of the Gauls,
who captured Rome, B.C. 339.

breve (i) shortly, in few words.

brevia, ium, N., shallows.

breviàrius, a, um, abridged.

brevio, 1, to abridge.

brevis, e, short, small, brief, shoal.

brevitas, atis, F., shoríness, con-
Ciseness.

breviter, brevius, -issime, shortly.

Briareus, eii a hundred-handed
Giant, who defended Olympus.

Brigantes, um, people of N. Brit-
ain, Yorkshire, Cumberland, &c.

brisa, ee, F., grape-pomace.

Britannia, ee, F., Britain; adj,-nus

Brixia, ee, F., Drescia, in N. Italy.

brochus, a, um, projecting.

1 bromos, i, M., oats, fodder.

1 brontia, ee, F., thunderstorm.

brüma, ee, F., frost, winter (solstice).

' brümalis, e, wintry, of. winter.

Brundisium, i N., a seaport in
S. E. Italy, nearest Greece.

brutiarii, a class of menials.

Bruttii, orum, people of the ex-
treme S. of Italy, near Sicily.

brütus, N., dull, brutish.

Brutus, L. Junius, a founder of
the Roman Republic, B.C. 509 ;
Marcus, friend of Cicero, a
conspirator against Casar, d.
at Philippi, B.C. 42.

bryonia, ee, F., briony (wild vine).

bübalus, i, M., gazelle.

bübile, is, N., cattle-stall. — 7

bübo, onis, M., horned owl.

bübulcito (tor), t, to keep oxen.
bubulcus, i, M., ploughman, herds-
man.

bübulo, rt, /oot (like an owl).

bübulus, a, um, of cattle; F. beef.

büceeda, ee, M., cow-hided fellow.
bucca, ee, F., cheek, bawler.

buccea, ee, F., mouthful.

buccina, ee, F. (bücina), trumpet,
horn.

buccinaàtor, oris, M., 'rumpeter.

buccino, 1, sound the trumpet.

bucco, Onis, M., big-mouth, block-
head.

buccula, e, F., cheek, face-quard
(of helmet.)

bücerus, a, um, orz-/horned.

bücetum, i, N., cow-pasture.

bucina (buccina), ee, F., trumpet.

Tbücolicus, a, um, pertaining to
herdsmen.

bücula, ee, F., heifer.

büculus, i, M., steer, young oc.

büfo, onis, M., toad.

bulbus, i, M., bulb, onion.

Tbule, es, F., senate, council.

1 buleuta, ee, M., councillor.

bulga, ee, F., knapsack.

tbüulimus,i, M. ; ia, &e, F., voracious
hunger, faintness.

bulla, ee, F., bubble, stud, ball (child's
ornament). :

bullátus, a, um, Aaving the bulla.

bullo, 1 ; io, 4, to boil, bubble.

bümastus,i, M. «a large-clustered
grape.

büra, ee ; -is, im, i, F., plough-tail.

bursa, ee, F., ox-hide, purse.

Busiris, idis, myth. k. of Egypt,
slain by Hercules.

bustirapus, i, M., body-snatcher.

bustuarius, a, um, of tombs or
funeral piles.

bustum, i, M., burial. mound, tomb,
place of burning dead bodies.

büteo, onis, M., hawk, falcon.

bütyrum (butyr), i, N., butter.

buxeus, a, um, of bor-wood.

buxum, i N.; us, i, F., bor-wood,
( pipe, flute, top, comb, &c.).

Byrsa, ee, the citadel of Carthage.

byssinus, a, um, of fine cotton.

1byssus, i, F., fine flax, cotton.

Byzantium, i, N., a Greek colony
in Thrace ; Constantinople, Cap-
ital of the Empire, A.D. 330.

22 C — calamitosus.

C.

C, the pranomen Caius, (Gaius);
as numeral, 10oo.

caballinus, a, um, of the horse.

caballus, ip M., pack-horse, pony,
nag.

Cabiri, divinities worshipped in
Lemnos.

cacabus, i, M., kettle, pan.

cachinnaátio, onis, F., laughter.

cachinno, 1, to laugh aloud.

cachinnus, i, M., laughter, derision.

cachla, ee, F., 1ay-weed, ox-eye.

T1cacoeéthes, is, F., obstinate dis-
ease.

1 cactos, i, F., artichoke.

cacula, ee, M., soldier's boy.

cacümen, inis, N., (op, peak, limit.

cacümino, I, /o make pointed.

Cacus, i, myth. son of Vulcan.

cadaver, eris, N., carcass, corpse.

cadaverosus, a, um, corpse-like.

cadivus, a, um, ap! io fall.

Cadmus, i, myth. founder of
'Thebes, brother of Europa.

cado, cecidi, cas-, /o fall, sink,
drop, decay, die, befall, suit, fit.

cadüceator, Oris, M., messenger
with flag of truce.

caduceüs, i, M.,-um (N.), wand, her-
ald's staff.

caduücifer, i, staff-bearer, an epithet

of Mercury.
cadücus, a, um, fallen, frail, ready
to fali; N., a windfall.
cadurcum, iN ^s quilt, sheet.
1 cadus, i, «., //ask, jar (9 gallons).
T ceecias, ee, M., E. wind.
ceecilia, ee, F., bind-wor m, lizard.
ceecitas, atis, F., blindness.
ceeco, to make blind or dark.
J. Caecubum, i, N., town of S. Latium.
ceeculto, 1, /o be dim-sighted.
ceecus, a, um, blind, dark, obscure,
gloomi, doubtful, vain.
caedes, is, F., slaughter, massacre.
ceedo, cecidi, caes-, 3, cut, strike,
kill.
ceeduus, a, um, /Aat may be cut.

ceelamen, inis, N., engraved work.

ceelator, Oris, M., engraver.

ceelatura, ee, embossed work.
caelebs, ibis, wnmarried.

ceeles, itis ; -estis, e, celestial, heav-
enly ; M., pl. the gods.

ceelibatus, üs, M., single life.

ceelicola, ee, C., dweller in heaven.
ceelo, 1, engrave, carve (in raised
work), emboss.

ceelum, i, N.; pl. i,

ceelum, i, N., chisel.

ceementum, i, N. Àhewn stone.'
ceena—cena, supper.

Ceeneus, ei, myth. d. of Elatus,
changed toa young man ; a hero
at the battle of the Centaurs.

Ceepa, ee, F. ; -e, is, N., onion.

Caere, is, N., a town of Etruria.

ceeremonia, ee, F., religious rite,
sacredness, awe.

Caerites, (-8tes), um, people of
Care, with partial rights as
Roman citizens.

ceeruleus, a, um, blue of the sky
or sea ; dark of clouds or trees.

Caesar, C. Julius, the Dictator,
B.C. 100-44.

ceesariadtus, a, um, covered with
hair, having long hair.

ceesaries, ei, F., a head of hair.

ceesim, with the edge, bj cuts.

ceesio, Onis, F., cutting.

ceesius (-itius), a, um, bluish gray.

ceespes, itis, M., (turf, allar, hut,
knob, clump, field.

ceestus, üs, M.; [ceedo,] gauntiet
(of hide and metal, for boxing).

caesüra, ee, F., culting (see $ 79).

caesus, [caedo,] cut.

caeter—ceter, other. |

ceeterum —ceéterum, ut.

Caicus, i, M., a river of Mysia.

Cajeta, ee, the nurse of /Eneas.

Calabria, ee, F., dist. of S. E. Italy.

calamister, tri M.; -trum, i, N.,
crimping-iron, florid ornament.

calamitas, atis, F., mischief, disas-
ter (to crops by hailstorm), ruin.

calamitosus, a, um, wretched,
ruinous.

M., sky, heaven.

calamus — eamelopardalis. 23

tcalamus, i, M., reed, pen, straw,
corn-scaik.

fcalathus (-iscus) i, M., basket,
bowl.

calator, Oris, M., summoner, aitend-
ant.

calautica, ee, F., hood, head-veil.

calcar, àris, N., [calx,] spur.

calcárius, a, um, of lime.

calcator, àris, M., trampler.

calceaàmen, inis; -mentum, i, N.,
shoe.

calceo (io), t, fo put on shoes.

calceus (-olus) i, M., shoe (half-
*boot).

Calchas, antis, a Greek seer in
the siege of Troy.

calcitro, [calx] 1, to kick.

calcitro, onis, M., blusterer.

calco, 1, tread, trample, travel.

calculo, 1, reckon.

calculo, onis, M., reckoner, teacher.

calculosus, a, um, pebbly, gravelly.

calculus, i M., pebble, gravel, a
vote, reckoning.

caldàrius, a, um, for heating water ;
F., N., hot-bath. :

caldor, Oris, M., ^eat.

caldus—calidus, /ot.

Calédonia, ee, F., Scotland (High-
lands).

cale-facio, (calfacio) 3; -facto,
I, (o heat, vez ; -fio, be heated.

calendee—kalendee, first of the
month.

caleo, ui, 2, :o glow, be hot, warm.

Cales, ium, F., a town of Cam-
pania, north of Naples.

calesco, 3, (0 grow warm.

calfacio—calefacio, /o heat.

caliculus, i, M., little cup, inkstand.

calide, promptly.

calidus, a, um, Aot, warm, fiery,
eager, hasty. ;

caliendrum, i, N., a head-dress.

caliga, ee, F., soldier's boot.

caligatus, i, M., (booted), a private.

cáliginosus, a, um, misty, obscure.

caligo, inis, F., mist, fog, darkness.

caligo, 1, to be or make dark.

caligula, ee, F., little-boot.

Caligula, e, C, the third Roman
Emperor, A.D. 37-41.

calix, icis, M., cup, chalice.

callens, tis, skilled, versed.

calleo, ui, 2, be hard ; or skilled, ex-
perienced.

callide, cleverly, slyly.

calliditas, átis, F., cunning, shrewd-
ness, skill, aptness. :

callidus, a, um, cunning, skilful.

Calliope, es, chief of the Muses,
Poetry.

callis, is M., foot-path, cattle-track.

callósus, a, um, Aard, callous, thick-
skinned.

callus i, M., (um N.); hard skin,
hardness, dulness.

calo, 1, !o call.

calo, onis, M., camp-servant, drudge.

calor, Oris, M., heat, glow, zeal.

Calpe, és, F., headland of Gibral-
tar, in Southern Spain.

caltha, ee, F., marigold.

calthula, &, F., yellow robe.

calumnia, ae, F., false accusation,
artifice, intrigue.

calumniátor, Oris, M., pettifogger,
chicaner.

calumnior, 1, /o accuse falsely, at-
tack unfairly, torment one's self.

calumniosus, a, um, fricky.

calva (-ària), ee, F., skull, scalp.

calveo 2, (-esco), 3, !o be bald.

calvities, ei, F. ; -ium, i, N., bald-
ness.

calvor, 1, /o attack, intrigue, evade,
deceive.

calvus, a, um, bald.

calx, cis, F., lime, chalk, goal.

calx, cis, D., /ieel.

Calydon, onis, F., a town of /Eto-
lia, famous for the boar slain by
Meleager (Calydonius sus).

Calypso, üs, myth. d. of Atlas.

calyx, ycis, M., cup (of flower),
shell.

Camarina, ee, F., a. city of S. W.
Sicily.

cambio, 4, !o exchange, barter.

camella, ae, F., porringer, wine-cup.

1 camélopardalis, is, F., girafjv.

94 camelus — Capaneus.

1camelus, i, .M, camel.

Camena, ee, F., muse, song.

camera, &, F., vaulted roof.

Camers, tis, of Camerium, a town
of Umbria.

camillus, i, M., -a, ee, F., priests
servant.

Camillus, M. F'urius, the Dictator,
who rescued Rome from the
Gauls, B.C. 389.

caminus, i, M., forge, fire-place.

Campania, e, F., the dist. of S.
W. Italy, near Naples.

Campánus (-icus), a, um, Campa-
nian, of Campania.

1 campe, es, rF., a crooked turn.

campester, tris, tre, of the plain,
level; N., a wrestler's apron.

campus, i, M., plain, field, level sur-
face ; C. Martius, an open field
at Rome, outside the. N. wall,
where elections were held.

camurus, a, um, crooked.

canalis, is, M. F.; -liculus, i, M. ;
-a, e, F., channel, gutter, groove.

canarius, a, um, of. dogs.

cancelli, orum, M., /a/lice, cross-
bars, railings of court-house.

cancello, I, make crosswise.

cancer, cri (ceris), M., crab.

cande-facio, 3, (P. -fio), (o make
white.

candela, ee, F., candle, taper.

candelabrum, i, F., candlestick.

candeo, ui, 2, (-esco, 3), be white,
gleam, glitter, glisten.

candico, 1, /o be whitish.

candidatus, i, M., candidate (clad
in white).

candidus, a, um, glistening white,
clean, fair, sincere, open.

candor, Oris, M., whiteness, purity,
splendor.

caneo, ui, 2, to be white or hoary.

canesco, 3, grow hoary.

cani, orum, M., gray hairs.

canicula, ee, F., welp, dog-star.

caninus, a, um, currish, of a dog.
canis, is, (v. pl. um), C., dog.
canistra (-tella), orum, w., basket.
canities, ei, F., /oariness, old age.

canna, e, F., cane, reed.

cannabinus, a, um, of hemp.

1 cannabis, is, im, rF., hemp.

Cannee, arum, à town of Apulia,
where the Romans were defeat-
ed by Hannibal, B.c. 216 [pugna
Cannensis .

cano, cecini, cant-, (o sound, sing,
play, recite, blow (as signal).

1 canon, onis, w., rule, model.

[ canonicus, a, um, regular.

Canopus, i, M., a coast town of
Lower Egypt.

canor, Oris, M., melody, clang.

canorus,a, um, nelodious, singsong.

Cantabria, e, F., coast-dist. of N.
Spain, on the Bay of Biscay.

cantamen, inis, N,, charm, incanta-
tion.

cantàátio, Onis, F., music, song.

cantator, Oris, M. ; -trix, lcis, F.,
singer.

canteriatus, a, um, underpropped.

canterinus, a, um, of a horse.

canterius, i, M., gelding (horse);
trellis, lattice-work.

cantharis, idis, F., beetle, Spanish
Jy.

cantharus, i, M., jug, tankard, pot.

canthus, i, M., wheel-tire.

canticum, i, N. (-tilena, &; F.),
song, ballad.

canticus, a, um, nusical.

cantio, onis, F., singing, song.

cantito, i, to sing often. :

Cantium, i, N.,, Kent, in S. E.
Britain, the dist. nearest Gaul.

canto, I, sing, chant, declaim, praise
in song, declare, enchant.

cantor, Oris, M. ; -trix, tricis, F.,
singer, poet, actor, eulogist.

cantürio, 4, to sing, chirp.

cantus, üs, M. singing, plujying,
song, prophecy, incantation.

cànus, a, um, gray, hoary.

canusina, ee, F., fine-web garment.

Canusium, i, N., a town of Apulia.

capacitas, atis, F., capacity, large-
ness.

Capaneus, ei, a chief at Thebes,
struck with lightning by Jupiter.

capax — cardo. 25

capax, acis, apt ío seize, capable
of holding, apt, fit, capacious.

. capedo, inis, F., bowl, cup.

capella, ee, F., kid, she-goat.

Capena, ee, F., an Etrurian town.

caper, pri, M., Àe-goat.

capero, I, (o frown, wrinkle.

capesso, ivi, it-, 3, seize, take in
hand, lay hold, resort.

Caphàreus, ei, M., a promont. of
Euboea.

capillaceus, a, um, /air-like.

capillamentum, i, M., -atio, onis;
-atüra, ee, F., hair, fibre.

capillaris, e, of the hair.

capillatus, a um, Aairy.

capillor, 1, to be hairy.

capillosus, a, um, full of hair.

capillus, i, M., [caput,] Aair.

capio, cepi, capt-, 3, /ake, seize,
rob, ruin, select, receive, attain.

capis, idis, F., cup, can.

capistro, 1I, /o muzzle, halter.

capistrum, i, M., Aalter, muzzle.

capitalis, e, of the head, capital,
eminent, deadly.

capitium, i, N., [capio,] boddice.

capito, Onis, M., big-head.

Capitolinus, a, um, of the Capitol.

Capitolium, i, M., citadel, capitol,
temple of Jupiter on the central
hill of Rome.

capitulum, i, N., capital, litile head.

1 capo, onis, w., a capon.

Cappadocia, ee, F . E. district of
Asia Minor.

Cappadox, ócis, Cappadocian.

capparis, is, im, M., caper.

capra, ee, F., she-6 goat.

caprarius, i M., goatherd.

caprea, e, F., doe, wild goat.

Capreee, the I. Capri, near Naples.

capreolus, i M., buck, chamois;
stay or prop, tendril.

capricornus, i, M., the Goat (con-

stellation).
caprificus, i, F., wild fig.

caprigenus, a, um, of the goat

breed.
caprile, is, N., goat-pen.
caprimulgus, i, M., goat-milker.

caprinus, a, um, of. goats.

capripes, pedis, goat-footed, (satyr).

capsa, ee, F., box, chest.

capsanius, i, M., a slave who took
charge of budgets.

capsula, ee, F., band-box.

captatio, onis, F., catching at.

captator, Oris, M., snatcher, legacy-
hunter.

captio, onis, F., catch, deceit, soph-
ism, mischief.

captiosus, a, um, captious, crafty.

captivitas, atis, F., captivity, cap-
ture, (of eyes) blindness. ;

captivus, a, um, captured ; M. F.,
prisoner.

capto, r, catch at, strive after, allure.

.captüra, ee, F., catching, prey, gain.

captus, [capio, ] /aken.

captus, us, M., grasp,
handfull.

Capua, e, F., the chief town of
Campania, 20 miles N. of Naples.

capularis, e, near the grave.

capulo, t, pour off; catch.

capulus, i M., um, i, N., coffin,
handle, hilt.

caput, itis, N., head, chief, top, sum-
mit; of rivers, the source Or
mouth; life.

Capys, yos, father of Anchises.

carabus, i, M., crab, kayak (boat).

caracalla, ee, F., Gallic mantle.

carbasus (-eus), a, um, /flazen.

carbasus,i, F. ; pl. N, a, orum, linen,
canvas, curtain, sail.

carbo, onis, M., coal, charcoal.

carbonarius, i, M., collier.

carbunculus, i, M., small coal, car-
buncle.

carcer, eris, M., dungeon, prison ;
pl. barriers (of race-course.

carcereus (-arius) a, um, of a
prison.

1Carchedonius, a, um, of Carthage.

carchésium, i, N., cup, goblet.

t carcinoma, atis, N., a foul ulcer.

cardiacus, a, um, of (he stomach.

cardinalis, e, pivotal, chief.

cardo, inis, M., hinge, pivot, beam,
tenon, pole (of heavens).

capacity,

26

carduelis, e, linnet, thistlefinch.
carduus, i, M., t/histle.
care, dear, at high cost.
carectum, i, N., growth of sedge.
Tcarenum, i, N, boiled grape-juice.
careo, ui, it- 2, (o lack, be without,
devoid or deprived of.
carex, icis, F., sedge.
Caria, ee, S. W. district of Asia
Minor.
caries, em, e, F., rottenness, decay.
carina, ee, F., keel, ship, nutshell ;
pl. a district in Rome.
carinàatus, a, um, Leel-formed.
cariosus, a, um, rotten, mellow.
caritas, atis, F.. dearness, high
price, esteem, love.
carmen, inis, M., song, tune, poem,
oracle ; card, for wool or flax.
Carmenta, ee, mother of Evander,
an Arcadian prophetess.
carmino, I, /o charm, card (wool).
carnarius, a, um, of Jflesh; Mw.,
butcher ;. N., flesh-hook, larder.
carnifex (-ufex), ficis, M., execu-
tioner, murderer, knave.
carnificina, ee, F., eadsman's office,
torment, place of torture.
carnifico, 1, behead, mangle.
carnosus, a, um, /lesly, gross.
carnufex—-carnifex, knave.
caro, carnis, F., flesh.
caro, ui, 5, /o card wool.
.Carpáthus, i, F., an island of the
JEgean, near Rhodes.
carpentarius, i, M., cartwright.
carpentum, i N., chariot; waa ggon.
carpinus, i, F., /orn- beam:
carpo, psi, pt-, 3, pluck, gather,
tear away, open, pass, divide.
carptim, in bits, piecemeal.
carptura, ee, F., sucking, gathering.
carrago, inis, F., barricade of carts.
carrüca, ee, F., covered waggon.
carrus, (-ulus), i, M., cart, waggon.
Carthago, aginis rF. (Karthago),
Carthage.
cartilago, inis, F., gristle, cartilage.
carus, a, um, dear, costly, precious.
Caryatides, um, maidens of
Caryain Laconia, serving Diana.

carduelis — casula.

Tcaryon,i M.,a nut. .

1 caryota, ee, (-tis idis), F., date.

Casa, ee, F., coltage, tent.

caseus, i, M. (um, N.), cheese.

casia, &, F., cinnamon.

Casilinum, i, N, a town near
Capua.

Casinum, i, N., a colony in Latium.

caso, I (o reel, tumble.

Caspium mare, (he Caspian sea.

Cassandra, ee, d. of Priam, a pro-
phetess, slain by Clytzeemnestra.

Casse, in vain.

casses, ium, M., Junting-net.

cassida, ee, F., /ielmet.

Cassiope (-6ea), ee, wife of Cepheus.

cassis, idis, F., /elmet (of brass).

cassita, a, F., crested lark.

Cassiterides, um, F., the Scilly Is.
S. W. of Britain.

Cassius, C. chief conspirator
against Caesar, d. at Philippi,
B.C. 42 ; Cassiani, his partisans.

casso, I, (o destroy, annul.

cassus, a, um, vain, void, devoid.

Castalia, ee, F., a fountain of Par-
nassus, sacred to Apollo.

castanea, ee, F., c/hestnut.

caste, purely, uprightly.

castellamus, a, um, of the castle oy
fort ;. M., holders of the castle.

castellatim, in detached forts.
castellum, i, N., fort, castle, citadel.
castéria, ee, F., forecastle.
castigate, briefly, closely.
castigatio, onis, F., chastisement.
castigator, Oris, M., reprover.
castigatus, a, um, confined, slender.

| castigo, 1, (o chastise, chide, check.

castitas, atis ; -monia, ee, F., chas-
tity, purity.

t castor, Oris, M., beaver.

Castor, óris, myth. son of Tynda-
rus and Leda ; twin-br. of Pollux.

castra, orum, N., camp.

castrensis, e, of the camp.

castro, 1, /o cut, prune, enfeeble.

castrum, i, N., castle, fortress.

castus, a, um, chaste, pure, holy,

devout.
casula, ee, F., cottage.

casus — Caystros. 27

casus, us, M., fall, chance, mishap,
end, occasion, calamity, death.

. Catabathmos, i, M., coast-dist. of
Africa, W. of Egypt.

] cataclysmos, i, w., deluge.

1catadromus, i, M., tighi-rope.

T catamitus, i, v. (Ganymedes), an
effeminate or lascivious person.

1 cataphractes, ee, F., scale-armor.

Tcataphractus, a, um, in mail.

Tcataplus, i, w., /leet, landing.

T catapulta, e, F., a military en-
gine for throwing arrows, &c.

1 cataracta, ee, F. ; (-es), M., cata-
ract, portcullis, floodqate.

1catascopus, i, M., scout, spy-ship.

1 catasta, ee, F., stage, scaffold.

1catastroma, atis, N., deck.

1catax, acis, limping, lame.

cate, sagaciously, skilfully.

cateja, ee, F., barbed dart.

catellus, ij, M.; -lla, ee, F., whelp,
puppy, small. chain.

catena, ee, F.; chain, fetter.

catenatio, onis, F., band, clamp.

catenatus, a, um, cAained, joined.

caterva, ee, crowd, troop, band, com-

*- pany.

catervatim, in troops.

1cathedra, ee, F., chair, seat.

1 cathetus, i, F., plumb-line.

Tcatholicus, a, um, zz:versal.

Catilina, ee, L. Sergius, head of
the conspiracy, B.C. 63.

catillo, i, :o lick dishes.

catillo, onis, M., glutton.

Catina, ee, F., Catania, in Sicily.

catinus (-illus) i, M., dish, bowl, pot.

Cato, ML. Porcius, the censor, B.C.

- 232-147 ; the younger, enemy of
Caesar, B.C. 93-45, d. at Utica.
catomus, i, M., between the shoulders.
1catonium, i, N., the lower world.
catulus, i, M., puppy, whelp, cub.
catus, i, M., (om-cat.
catus, a, um, shrill, shrewd, wise.
Caucasius, a, um, of the Caucasus.
Caucasus, i, M., the mts. between
the Black and Caspian Seas.
cauda, ee, r., (ail.
caudeus, a, um, «wooden.

caudex (codex), icis, M., stock, log,
boat, book (of thin tablets).

caudicalis, e; -cárius (-ceus), a,
um, of trunks of trees.

Caudinus, a, um, of. Caudiun, a
Samnite town ; furcae Caudinee
a defile famous for a defeat of
the Romans, B.C. 321.

caulee, arum, F., sheep-fold, passage.

caulis, is, M., stall, stem, cabbage.

Caunus, i, F., a town of Caria.

caupo, onis, M., innkeeper, huckster.

caupona, ae, F., lavern, landlady.

cauponius, a, um, of an inn.

caurus (corus), i, M., N. W. wind.

causa (caussa), ee, F., cause, rea-
$0n, occasion, pretence, excuse;
(abl), for the sake of.

causarius, a, um, discharged for
sickness, invalided.

causia, ee, F., «vide-brimmed hat.

causidicus, i, M., advocate, pleader.,

causor, 1, plead, discuss.

T causticus, a, um, caustic, burning.

causula, ee, F., peíty cause.

caute, cautiously.

cautela, ee, F., precaution.

cauterio, r, to brand, burn.

T cauterium, i, N., branding-iron.

cautes, is, F., crag, sharp rock.

Tcautim, varily.

cautio, onis, r., care, caution, fore-
sight, security, bail.

cautor, Oris, M., care-taker, surety.

cautus, [caveo,] cautious, secure,
wary; N. pl., securities. |

cavaticus, a, um, /iving in caves.

cavea, ee, F., cave, stall, cage, coop,
spectators seats, theatre.

caveo, cávi, caut-, 2, beware, take
heed, provide, get bail.

caverna, ee, F., cavern, vault, hold.

cavilla, ae, F., cavil, scoff, jest.

cavillatio, onis, F., jeering, raillery.

cavillator, Oris, M., Jester.

cavillor, t, to taunt, jest.

cavitas, atis, F., hollowness.

cavo, r1, /o make hollow.

cavus, a, um, hollow; N., hole, cave.

Caystros (us), i, a river of Lydia,
frequented by swans.

28 Cecropius — centussis.

Cecropius, a, um, Athenian.
Cecrops, ópis, myth. founder of
Athens, emigrant from Egypt.
c&do, cessi, cess-, 5, yield, give way,
succeed, befall, become.

cedo, cedite (cette), give, tell.

cedrus, i, F., cedar, juniper.

célator, Oris, M., concealer.

celatum, i, N., secret.

celeber, bris, bre, abundant, popu-
lous, famous, solemn, festive.

. Calebratio, Onis, F., concourse, fes-
tival, commendation.

celebratus, a, um, customary, fre-
quent, brilliant, famous.

celebritas, atis, F., multitude, re-
nown, pageant.

celebro, 1, /o resort, celebrate, per-
form, practise, solemnize, praise.

celer, eris, ere, swif?, fleet, hasty ;
pl. /ight-horse (patrician), knights.

celere, swifily.

celeripes, pedis, swifi-footed.

celeritas, atis, F., swifiness, speed.

celeriter, siwifily, immediately.

celero, I, /o hasten, quicken.-

1 celes, etis, N., race-horse.
Celeus, ei myth. k. of Eleusis,
taught agriculture by Ceres.
1celeusma, atis, M., boatswain's call.

cella (-ula), ee, F., closet, storehouse,

shrine, cell, hut, privale room.

cellarius, a, um, of « store-room ;
M., steward ; N., pantry.

celo, 1, to hide, conceal, cover.

celox, Ocis, swif? ; F., boa!, cutter.

celse, on high. .

celsitudo, inis, F., /of/iness.

celsus, a, um, high, lofiy, haughty.

Celtae, arum, people of W. Eu-
rope ; also, ofcentr. and S. Gaul.

Celtiberi, orum, people of middle
Spain.

cena—-ccena, supper.

censeo, ui, um, 2, estimate, think,
vote, decide, count, reckon.

censio, Onis, F., assessing, taxing,
punishing.

censor, Oris, M., censor, one oftwo
magistrates having in charge
morals and rank ; critic.

censOrius, a, um, of the censor;
of the rank.of censor.

censualis, e, ratable ; pl. recorders.

censum, i, N., wealth, possessions.

censura, ee, F., office of censor,
Judgment, reproof, severity.

census, [censeo,] registered, reck-
oned, taxed.

census, üs, M., valuation; register,
reckoning, wealth. :

T1centaureum, i, N. ; ia, e, F., à
kind of gentian.

t Centaurus, i, «., Centaur, a. wild
people of Thessaly; a myth.
creature, half man half horse.

centenarius, a, um, of a hundred.

centeni, by the hundred, 100. each.

centesimus, a, um, //;e hundredth ,
I per cent a month.

centies, a hundred tünes.

centimanus, i, M., hundred-handed.

cento, Onis, M., patchwork, skulil-
cap.

Tcentrum, i, N., centre, heart-wood.

centum, «a hundred.

centumgeminus, a, um, Ahundred-
fold.

centumviri orum, M., Board of
100, for civil suits.

centunculus, i, N., rag, patch, sad-
dle-cloth, bind-weed.

centuplex, icis, ^undredfold.

centuria, ee, F., à century, division
(of a hundred), compan; ; one of
.193 classes of the people, ac-
cording to property.

centuriatim, 5 centuries, (compa-
nies). :

centuriatus, a, um, divided Or
classed by. hundreds; comitia
centuriàata, (/;e vote by centuries,
to elect the higher officers or
decide important policies, —
the highest political tribunal
of Rome.

centuriátus, üs, M. centurion's
office, division by centuries.

centurio, onis, M., centurion (cap-
tain of 100).

centurio, 1, /o divide by hundreds.

centussis, M., sum of 100 asses.

cepa — chartaceus. 29

cepa, ae, F. ; cepe, is, N., onion.

Cepheus, ei, myth. k. of Ethiopia,
father of Andromeda.

cera, ee, F., war, waz-tablet (for
writing), waxen image.

Ceramicus, i, «., a place of mon-
uments at Athens.

cerarius, a, um, of waz ; F., candle-
maker.

Tcerastes, ee, (is), M., horned ser-
pent.

cerasus, i F.; um, i, M., cherry.

cerátus, a, um, covered with wax;
N., Àaz-ointment.

Ceraunii, orum, M., mts. of Epirus.

Cerberus, i, M., the three-headed
dog of Hades.

Tcercürus, i, M., yacht.

cerealis, e, of Ceres or grain.

cerebrosus, a, um, Zot-headed.

cerebrum, i, N,, brain, wrath.

ceremonia—ceere-, ceremony.

cereolus, a, um, waz-color.

Ceres, éris, d. of Saturn and Ops,
goddess of Corn and Fruits.
cereus, a, um, ewazen, M., wazlight.
cerintha, e ; e, es, F., loneysuckle.

cerinus, a, um, «az-colored.

cerno, crévi, cret-, 3, sif? discern,
perceive, decide, resolve.

cernuo, 1, /o fall headforemost.

cernuus, i, M., rope-dancer, stoop-
ing.

Cero, I, /o cover with waz.

1c6roma, atis, N., salve, prize-ring.

cerritus, a, um, frantic.

cerrus, i, M., T'urkey-oak.

certamen, inis, N., contest, struggle,
battle, conflict.

certatim, eagerly, emulously.

certàtio, onis, F., siruggle.

certe, at any rate, certainly.

certo, certainly, surely (S 41, 11, 3).

certo, 1, /o strive, contend, struggle.

certus, a, um, sure, resolved, fixed ;
certiorem facere, to inform.

[cerüchi orum, w., rope, sheet.

cerula, ee, F., waz (for erasing).

cerussa, ee, F.. white-lead.

cerva, ee, F., hind, doe.

cervical, alis, N., pillow, bolster.

cervinus (-arius), a, um, of a stag.

cervix, icis, F., neck, obstinacy.

cervus, i, M., stag, deer ; pl., stakes.

cespes—ceespes, (urf.

cessatio, onis, F., ceasing, lingering.

cessator, oris, M., loiterer.

cessim, yieldingly, backward.

cessio, Onis, F., giving up.

Cess0, I, cease, linger, be idle, lack.

T cesticus, a, um, of boxing.

1 cestus, üs, M., girdle.

cestus—ceestus, gauntlet.

cétarius, a, um, of whales ; M., fish-
monger ; N., fish-pond.

tcete, N., pl. indecl. of cetus.

cetero, for the rest.

ceteroqui (-quin), otherwise.

ceterum, but yet, besides.

ceterus, a, um, other, the rest.

Ceéto, üs, mother of Medusa.

cetra (ceetra), ee, F., buckler.

ceétratus, a, um, armed with buckler.

cette, [cedo,] give, tell.

Tc6tus, i, N., pl. cete, sea-monster.

ceu, like, as it were. :

ceva, ee, F., a small cow.

ceveo, 2, wag the tail, fawn.

Ceyx, ycis, myth. k. of Trachis,
changed to a kingfisher.

t chalceus, a, um, brazen.

Chalcidicus, a, um, of Chalcis
(Euboea), or Cum.

Chaldeeus, a, um, Chaldean (of
Assyria); M., soothsayer.

Chalybes, um, a people of Pontus.

chalybs, ybis, M., steel.

t chamaeeleon, onis (ontis), M., cha-
meleon, a. kind of lizard.

Chàaonius, a, um, of N. W. Epirus ;
of the oracle at Dodona.

Chaos (ab. chao), N., chaos, the
dark Void.

chara, ee, F., wild cabbage.

Tcharacatus, a, um, staked.

t character, eris, ., mark, brand.

chàaritas—caritas, dearness.

1 Charités, um, F., (he Graces.

Charon, ontis, the ferryman of
Styx. b

charta, ee, F., paper, writing.

chartàceus, a, um, of paper.

30 Charybdis — cippus.

Charybdis, is, F., a whirlpool in
the strait of Sicily.

Tchelee, a um, rF., claws (the sign
Scorpio or Libra).

1chelidonias, ee, M., west wind.

Tchelidonius, a, um, of swallows ;
F., swallow- wort.

t chelydrus, i, M., water-snake.

1chelys, yn, y, F., tortoise, lute.

Chersonesus, i, F., the peninsula
S. E. of Thrace.

t chersinus, a, um, living on land.

Tchiliarchus, i, M., commander
of 1,000 men.

Chimeera, ee, F., a. fire-breathing
monster (lion, goat, and dragon)
of Lycia, slain by Bellerophon.

Chios, i, F., Scio, an island W. of
Asia Minor, famous for wine
and marble.

Tchiragra, ee, F., hand-gout.

1chiridotus, a, um, «with sleeves.

1chirographum, i, N., handwriting.

Chiron, onis, a Centaur, instructor
of Hercules and Achilles.

1 chironomos, i, C., pantomime.

1 chirurgia, ee, F., surgery.

1 chirurgus, i, M., surgeon.

chlamy datus, a, um, cloaked.

Tchlamys, ydis, r., cloak, broad
mantle (a Grecian garment).

1 cholera, ee, F., gall, bile.

1choràgus, i, M., play-manager.

1 choraules, ee, M., f/ute-player.

1 chorda, ee, F., string, cord.

chordus (cordus), a, um, /ate-born.;

1 chorea, ee, F., dance in a ring.

Tchortinus, a, um, of grass.

chorus, i, M., band of dancers,
chorus, troop, crowd.

Christianus, a, um, C'iristian.

1chronicus, a, um, of time.

1chrysanthemum, i, N., marigold.
1chrysos, i, w., gold, gold-fish.
cibarius, a, um, of food; N. pl.

food, allowance of corn.
cibatus, üis, M., food.

Tciborium, i, M., drinking-cup.

cibus, i, M., food, fodder, bait.

cicada, ee, F., tree-cricket, katydid.
cicatricosus, a, um, full of scars.

cicatrix, icis, F., scar, seam.

1 ciccus, i, M., core (worthless).

cicer, eris, N., vetch, chück-pea.

Cicero, M. Tullius, the Roman
orator, B.C. 106-43.

cicindela, ee, F., glow-worm.

Cicones, um, a people of Thrace.

ciconia, ee, ee, F., stork, well-sweep.

Cicur, uris, (ame.

cicüta, m, F., poison-hemlock, reed,
shepherd's pipe.

cidaris, is, F., turban, tiara.

cieo, civi, cit-, 2, shake, rouse, sum-
mon, stir, call, excite, begin.

Cilicia, ee, F., S. E. dist. of Asia
Minor, Cicero's prov., 51 B.C.

cilicium, i, N., hair-cloth.

cilium, i, N., eyelash, eyelid.

Cilix, icis, C'lician.

Cimbri, orum, people of N. Ger-
many, routed by Marius, B.C. 102.

cimex, icis, M., bug, maggot.

Cimmerius, a, um, of South Rus-
sia; Cimnmerian, lying in perpet-
ual darkness ; of. Hades.

Tcineedus, i, M., wanton youth.

1 cinara, ee, F., artichoke.

Cincinnatus, i, L. Quinctius,
Dictator, B.C. 436.

cincinnatus, i, curly-head.

cincinnus, i, M., ringlet.

cinctüra, ee, F., girdle.

cinctus, [cingo,] begirt.

cinctus, üs, M., girdle, girding.

cinefactus, a, um, reduced to ashes.

cinerarius, a, um, of ashes or
graves ; M., hair-curler ; N., recep-
tacle of ashes (in tombs).

cinereus (-icius), a, um, ash-lile.

cingo, nxi, nct-, 5, /o gird, wreathe,
surround, invest.

cingula, e; -um, i N. girdle,
sword-belt, girth, zone.

cinis, eris, M., F., ashes.

cinnabari, N., -is, F., dragon's-
blood.

cinnamum (-o0mum,, i, cinnamon.

Cinyphius, a, um, of the Cinyps, a
river of N. Africa.

cio, 4, —cieo, rouse. :

cippus, i, M., stake, stock, monument.

eirca — citrus. 91

circa, about, near, beside.

Circe, es (e), d. of the Sun, a
sea-nymph and sorceress.

Circéii, orum, M., a town of Latium.

circensis, e, of (he circus; pl.
games.

circes, itis, M., hoop, ring.

circino, 1, encircle, make round.

circinus, i, M., compasses.

circiter, about.

circitor, Oris, M., watchman, patrol.

circu-eo—circumeo, 5o about.

Circius, i, M., a violent N. W. wind.

circuitio, onis, F., going the rounds,
indirectness.

circuitus, üs, M., revolution, circuit.

circulator, Oris, M., quack, pedlar.

circulor, I, go round about.

circulus, i, M., circle, ring, hoop.

circum, about, around, among.

circumactus, a, um, curved.

circumago, egi, act-, 3, drive about,
turn, wheel.

circumcido, cidi, cis-, 3, /o cut
about, prune, clip.

circumcirca, round about.

circumcisus, a, um, s/eep, brief.

circumcludo, di, sum, 3, /o shut
in, surround, inclose.

circumdo, dedi, dat-, 1, /o put or
set round, encompass, wrap about.

circumdüco, xi, ct-, 3, lead or
march round, cheat, protract, ez-
punge, draw about.

circumeo, ivi (ii), it-, 4, encompass,
go about or among.

circumfero, tuli, lat-, (o carry or
spread around.

circum-fluo, 5, //ow about, surround.

circumfundo, füdi, füs-, 3, pour
about, envelop.

circumjaceo, 2, border on, lie near.

circumjectus, üs, M., surrounding.

circumjicio, jeci, ject-,cast around.

circumligo, 1, bind upon or round.

circumplector, xus, 3, (o embrace,
clasp, surround.

circumscribo, psi, pt-, 3, (o draw
lines about, encircle, constrain.

circumscriptio, Onis, F., encir-
cling, outline, deceit.

circumsedeo, sedi, sess-, 3, /o
encamp about, besiege.

circumsisto, steti, 3, surround.

circumsono, I, /o ring with, make
ring, resound, echo.

circumspicio, spexi, spect-, 3,
watch, look about, wait, ponder.

circunispectus, wary, heedful, well-
considered, distinguished.

circumsto, steti, I, s/and about,
beset, surround.

circumvallo, i, /o wall around,
blockade.

circumvehor, vectus, 3, ride about.

circumvenio, veni, vent-, 4, beset,
distress, cheat.

circus, i, M., circle, ring; circus
maximus, a space in Rome,
enclosed for public games (cir-
censes).

T ciris, is, F., /ark.

Cirrheeus, a, um, of C'irrha (near
Delphi), or Apollo.

cirrus, i, M., curl, fringe.

cis, on this side.

cisalpinus, a, um, /his side (South)
of the Alps.

cisium, i, N., a two-wheeled carriage.

Cisseis, idis, /7ecuba, daughter
of Cisseus, king of Thrace.

1 cista, ee, F., chest.

cistella (-ula), ee, F., basket, box.

cisterna, ee, F., cistern.

citatim, /astil y.

citatus, a, um, hurried, quick.

citerior, citimus, [citra,] Aiher,
nearer, this side.

Citheeron, onis, M., a mt. in S. W.
of Boeotia, sacred to Bacchus.

T cithara, ee, F., harp, lute.

t citharista, ee, M., harp-player.

citharcedus, i, M., singer to the harp.

cito, ius, issime, quick.

citimus, a, um, nearest.

cito, I, summon, stir, incile, accuse,
appeal, cite, proclaim.

citra, (his side, within, before.

citreum, i, N., citron.

citreus, a, um, of citron-wood.

citro (with ultro), to and fro.

citrus, i, M., citron, African cedar.

32 citus — clypeus.

| citus, [cieo,] svift.

civicus, a, um, of citizens, civic;
corona, civic crown (of oak, for
saving a citizen in battle).

civilis, e, of citizens, courteous.

civilitas, atis, F., polity, courtesy.

civiliter, courteously.

civis, is, C., citizen, fellow-citizen.

civitas, atis, F., cily, state, citizen-
ship, freedom of the city.

clades, is, Fr. disaster, defeat,
slaughter, massacre.

clam, secretly, without the knowl-
edge of.

clamator, Oris, M., declaimer.

clamito, I, (o cry, vociferate.

clamo, 1, cy out, call, proclaim.

clamor, Oris, M., a shout, applause,
noise, din, clamor.

clamosus, a, um, noisy, clamorous.

clanculo (um,, secretly, privately.

clandestinus, a, um, secret, stealthy.

clango, 3, (o sound, resound.

clangor, Oris, M., a shrill cry, clang.

clare, brightly, clearly.

clareo, 2, be clear or bright.

claresco, ui, 5, grow clear.

clarigo, 1, (o make solemn procla-
mation of war.

claritas, atis; -tudo, inis, F., brigAt-
ness, clearness, splendor, fame.

Clarius, i, (of Claros, an lIonian
town), A pollo.

claro, i, hrighten, explain.

claror, oris, M., brightness.

clarus, a, um, óright, clear, loud,
famous, plain, manifest.

classiarius, a, um, of the fleet.

classicum, i, M., /rumpet-signal.

classicus, a, um, of /he army or
fleet ; of high rank ; M., trumpeter.

classis, is, F., army, fleet, rank.

clathri, orum, M., írellis-work.

claudeo, 2 ; -ico, 1; -o, 3, to limp.

Claudius, i, (Appius), the Decem-
vir, B.C. 450; (Tiberius) the
fourth Emperor, A.D. 41—54.

claudo, si, sum, 3, (o shut, close,
end, conclude, enclose, confine.

claudus, a, um, /ame, defective.

claustra, Orum, w., bir, bolt, dike.

clausula, ee, F., «a close, clause,
clausus, |claudo,] s/ut, closed.
clava, ee, F., club, cudgel.
clavator, Oris, M., cudgel-bearer. -
clavàátus, a, um, nailed, striped.
clavicula, ee, r., 'endril, small key.
claviger, eri, M., c/ub-bearer (Her-
cules) ; key-bearer (Janus).
clavis, is, F., key.
clavus, i, M. spike, nail, rudder,
stripe (of the tunic).
clemens, tis, zerciful, gentle.
clementer, gently, calinly.
clementia, ee, F., mercy, mildness.
Cleopatra, e, the last queen of
Egypt, B.C. 69-30.
clepo, psi, pt-, 3, /o steal, pilfer.
1 clepsyára, ee, F., water-clock.
tclepta, ee, M., thief.
1 clérus, i, M., one of the clergy.
clibanus, i, M., oven, baking-pan.
cliens, tis, M.; -ta, e, F., client
(one attached to a patron, and
protected by him) ; subject-ally.
clientela, ee, F., clientship, body. of
dependants.
t clima, àtis, N., climate.
clinatus, a, um, inclined, bent.
Clio, üs, the Muse of History.
clipeo, 1, /o arm with shield.
clipeus (um), i, M., a brazen shield,
disk.
clitellee,àrum, ee, F., saddlebags.
clitellarius, a, um, bearing packs.
Clitumnus, i, M., a river of Um-
bria.
clivósus, a, um, sleep, hill.
clivus (um), i, M., hill, slope.
cloàca, ee, F., sewer, drain.
Clodius, the enemy of Cicero,
killed by Milo, B.C. 52.
clüdo-—claudo, s/ut.
clüdus—claudus, /ame.
t clueo, 2 ; cluo, 3, :o be famous.
clünis, is, D., Aaunch.
clupea, ae, F., shad.
clürinus, a, um, of apes.
Clusium, i, N., a town of Etruria.
Clymené, es, myth. queen of
Ethiopia, mother of Phaéthon.
clypeus—clipeus, sAield.

|

Clyta2emnestra — collare. 33

Clyteemnestra, ee, d. of Tyndarus
and Leda, wife of Agamemnon.
Cn. the praenomen Cneeus.
f enódax, àcis, w. , pin, pivot.
[co-, con-, /o gether, or intensive.
coacervo, I1, (o heap together.
coacesco, cui, 3, (0 get sour.
coactilis, e, thick, felted.
coactor, Oris, M., gatherer.
coactus, |cogo,] forced.
coactus, lis, M., constraint.
cosequo, I, /o make equal.
coagmento, I, fasten, join.
coagmentum, i, N., joint.
coagulum, i, N., curd, cement.
coalesco, ui, it, 3, grow together,
unite, agree.
coarguo, 3, arraign, convicl, prove.
coarto, I, /0 compass, confine.
Tcoccum, i, N., scarlet grain.
T1coccyx, ygis (cis), M., cuckoo.
cochlea, ee, F., snail-shell.
cochlear (are), is, N., spoon.
cochleàrium, i, N., snail-pit.
COcio, onis, M., broker, agent.
cocles, itis, one-eyed.
coctilis, e, [coquo,] baked, burnt.
coctio, Onis, F., cooking, digestion.
Cocytus, i, M., (Lament), a river of
Hades.
codex--caudex, stump, book.
Codrus, i, king of Athens, who de-
voted himself to death to win
victory, B.C. 1045.
ccelestis—ceelestis, heavenly.
Coelius, i 4., a hill of Rome, E.
of the Aventine.
coelum—ceelum, s£y.
coémo, emi, empt., 35, buy, buy up.
coemptio, Onis, F., purchase; mar-
riage in the form of purchase.
coena, ee, F. (cena), supper (the
chief meal of the Romans).
ccenaculum, i, N. dining-room,
upper story, attic.
cceno (-ito), 1, /o dine, sup, eat.
ccenosus, a, um, boggy, filthy.
ccenum, i, N., fil/h, iud, mire.
Cc2-eo, 4, assemble, unite, agree.
ccepi (5 38, 1), began ; P., coeptus.
coepto, r. begin, attempt.

coeptum, i, N
taking.
coérceo cui, cit-, 2, restrain, hem
in, curb, confine, repress.
coércitio, Onis, F., check, punish-
ment, right of. coercion.
cceeruleus—ceaeruleus, dark blue.
coetus, lis, M., assembly.
Coeus, i, a Titan, father of Latona.
cogitatio, Onis, F.; -taium, i, M.,
thought, purpose, plan, judgment,
reflection.
cOgito, r, think, reflect, intend.
cognatio, Onis, F., relationship,
resemblance, agreement, kindred.
cognatus, a, um, kindred (by the
mother's side).
cognitio, Onis, F., knowledge, ac-
quaintance, inquiry.
cognitor, Onis, M., ?wifness, advocate.
cognitus, | cognosco, | bnown.
cognomen, inis, N., surnaine.
cognominis, e, of like name.
cognomino, I, (0 surname.
cognosco, novi, nit-, 3, now, find
. out, investigate.
cogo, coegi, coact-, 3, /o gather,
compel, bring together.
cohzreo, si, sum, 2., (-resco, 3),
cling, unite, hold together.
coheres, &dis, C., Joint-heir.
cohibeo, ui, it-, 2, resirain, subdue.
cohonesto, 1, (o honor amply.
cohorresco, ui, 3, shudder, quiver.
cohors, tis, F., catile-yard, troop,
cohort (600 men), body-quard.
cohortàlis, e, of a catile-yard.
cohortàtio, onis, F., cheering.
cohortor, i, (o cheer, exhort, animate.
cohum, i, N., yoke-strap.
coiens, euntis, [eo] meeting.
coinquino, $ to defite, infect.
coitio, Onis, F. ; -tus, i5, M.,
ing get uniting.

t colaphus, i, M., cuff, blow.
Colchis, idis, F., the dist. E. of the
Black Sea ; « " Colchian woman.

o6lis—oaulis, stall.
collabe-fio, be brought to ruin.
collábor, paus, 3, /o fall, sink.
collàre, is, N., neck-band, collar.

; -tus, us, M., under-

com-

984 | Collatinus — comiter.

Collatinus, a, um, of Collatia, a
Sabine town ; M., L. Tarquinius,
the husband of Lucretia.

collatio, onis, F., bringing together,
comparison, contribution.

collativus, a, ura, gathering.
collator, oris, M., gatherer.
collatus confero, |brought together.
collatus, üs, M., auack, collision.
collaudo, t, praise highly, extol.
collectio, onis (-ta, ee), F., gather-
ing, collecting, suminary.
collectus, [colligo, | gathered.
collega, ee, M., associate, colleague.
collegium, i, N. company, frater-
nity, association, guild.

collibet, uit, 2, i/ pleases.

collicie (-liquiee) arum, F., gutters.

collido, si, sum, 35, dash together,
clash, contend.

colligatio, onis, F., binding.

colligo, 1, /o fasten, bind.

colligo, legi, lect-, 3, collect, gather,
gain, get, consider ; (refl.), recover.

collino, levi, lit-, 3, besmear.

collinus, a, um, of a hill.

collis, is, M., hill, high ground.

collocatio, onis, F., establishing.

colloco, 1, set, establish, invest, em-
ploy, give in marriage.

collogiuum, i, N., conference, dis-
course, conversation.

colloquor, locütus, I, converse.

collüceo, 2, to shine clear, be bright.

colludo, si, sum, 3, (o sport, pla P
deceive, act falsely.

collum, i, N., neck.

colluo, ui, üt, 3, ash, rinse, wet.

collüsio, onis, F., deceit, collusion.

collustro, 1, il/umine, survey.
colluvies, 6i; -io, Onis, F., sink,
drain, filth, vile medley.

Tcollybus, i, M., ezchange, broker-.

age.
1collyra, ee, F., maccaroni.
cOlo, 1, to strain, sift.
colo, ui, cult-, 5, (///, adorn, worship.
colocasia, ee, F. ; -um, i, N., /gyp-
tian bean (a marsh lily).
colonia, ee, F., colony, farm, resi-
dence, colonial town, colonists.

colonicus, a, um, of colonies, or
husbandry.

colonus, M., furiner, colonist.

color (os), Oris, M., color, condition,
complexion, lustre.

coloro, 1, to color, dye, tinge, stain.

1colossus, i, M., « gigantic statue.

coluber, bri, w. ; -bra,ee, F., snake.

colum, i, N., s/rainer.

columba, ee, F., dove, pigeon.

columbarius, a, um, of doves; M.,
keeper of doves; N., pigeon-hole
Or Aouse, mortise; pl. niches for
burial urns.

columbinus, a, um, of doves, dove-
colored.

columella, ze, F., a sinall pillar.

colümen, inis, N., column, beam,
heigh!, prop, summit.

columis, e, safe, sound.

columna, ee, F., pillar, post, pillory.

columnarius, a, um, of a column ;
M., condemned debtor ; N., a tax.

colurnus, a, um, [corulus,] of
hazel.

colus, i (tis), M., distaff.

1coittea, orum, w., tamarind.

tcolymbas, adis, F., pickled olives.

coma, ae, F., /air, inane, foliage.

comans, tis, hairy.

tcómarchus, i, M., governor.

comatus, a, um, /ong-haired, leafy.

combibo, bibi, 3, drink, swallow.

combüro, ussi, ust-, 3, burn up.

comedo, edi, es- (est-), 3, (o eat
up, COnSWnm-ce. :

comes, itis, C., companion, comrade,
tutor, attendant, official.

1cometes (-ta), ee, M., comet.

comicus, a, um, of comedy, comic.

cominus, c/ose at hand.

comis, e, gentle, courteous, kind.

comissábundus, a, um, revelling.

comissatio, Onis, F., a revel.

comissator, oris, M., reveller.

comissor, 1, /o revel, feast.

comitas, atis, F., courtesy, friendli-
ness, mildness.

comitàátus, a, um, accompanied.

comitàátus, üs, M., relinue, escort.

comiter, kindly, courteously.

comitialis — como. 95

»

comitialis, e, of the elections.
comitiatus, üs, M., clection-assem-
bly.
comitium, i. N., voling-ground ; pl.
meeling, 1. curiata, of the patri-
cians; 2. tribüta, of the ple-
beians; 3, centuriata, of the
whole body of citizens.
comitor, I, accompany, attend.
commaculo, r1, (o stain, pollute.
Commagene, es, F., a town of N.
Syria.
commeatus, üs, M., passage, fur-
lough, train, company, supplies.
commemini, remember fully.
commemoratio, onis, F., recount-
ing, mention.
commemoro, I, call to mind, tell.
commendatio, onis, F., recom-
men«dation, praise.
commendatus, a, um, pleasing.
commendo I, commit, commend.
commensus, [-meétior, | measured.
commentarius i, M, (um, N.,
memoir, sketch, journal.
commentatio, Onis, F.,
treatise.
commenticius, a, um, vented,
pretended, forged. :
commentor, 1, (0 compose, discourse,
meditate, sketch, invent.
commentum, i, N., fiction, inven-
tion, plan, device.
commentus, a, um, devised, forged.
comméeo, 1, 5o to and fro, resort.
commercium, i, N. (rade, inter-
course, right of traffic.
commercor, 1, /o traffic, purchase.
commereo, ui, it-, 2, deserve, be
guilty of.
commeto, t, go frequently.
commiegro, I, remove, enter.
commilitium, i, N., comradeship.
commilito, onis, M., fellow-soldier.
comminátio, Oris, F., t/ireatening.
commingo, nxi, ct-, 3, to defile.
comminiscor, mentus, 3, invent,
feign, contrive.
comminor, I, threaten greatly.
comminuo, ui, üt. 3, break in
pieces, weaken, lessen, impair.

study,

comminus, close by, hand to hand.
commisceo, scui, xt- (st-), 2, mix
together, mingle.
commiseror, I, bewail, pity.
commissio, Onis, F., contest, decla-
mation, committing.
commissum, i, N., offence, trust.
commissüra, &, F., Joint, seam.
commitigo, t, make mellow.
committo, misi, miss-, 3, se! (o-
gether, engage, commit, resign.
commixtus, | misceo, | mired.
commode, duly, fitly, just now.
commoditas, atis, F,, fi/ness, advan-
tage, symmetry, kindness.
commodo, i, (o adjust, adapt,
oblige, help.
commodo, seasonably, just in time.
commodum, i, N., fi(ness, advan-
tage, profit, convenience, pay, favor.
commodum, opportunely, just now.
commodus, a, um, fit, advantageous,
friendly, serviceable, kind.
commone-facio, 3, warn, advise.
commoneo, ui, it-, 2, remind, ün-
press upon, advise.
commonstro, I, /o show, point out.
commoráatio, Onico, F., delay, lin-
gering.
commorior, mortuus, 3, (o die to-
gether.
commoror, 1, /o abide, delay.
commotio, onis, F., novement, dis-
iurbance, commotion.
commotus, a, um,
roused, disturbed.
commoveo, movi, mOt- 2, disturb,
remove, agitate, push back.
commünicátio, onis, F., /mparting.
commünioo, I, impart, share, join.
commünio, Onis, F., partnership.
commünio, 4, fortifj, intrench.
commiünis, e, common, courteous.
commiünitas, às, F., fellowship.
commiüniter, in. common.
commiütabilis, e, changeful.
commuütàátio, Onis, F., change,
interchange.
commüto, 1, (o exchange, alter.
cómo, mpsi, mpt-, 3, comb, braid,
dress the hair.

uncertain,

96 comoedia — concedo.

T comoedia, ee, F., comedy.
Tcomzedus (-icus) a, um, comic,
of comedy ; M., comedian.
compaciscor, pact- (pect-), 3, (o
to inake a bargain, or compa.
compactus, | compingo, ] firm set ;
N., a bargain.
compages, is; - go, inis, F., Joining,
building, structure, embrace.
compar, aris, equal, like; M., com-
rade, consort, mate.
comparatio, onis, F., comparing,
agreement, providing, getting ready.
comparco, si, 5, (0 save, store up.
compareo, ui, 2, (0 appear, agree,
happen, exist, be present.
comparo, I,/o get, procure, compare,
bring toge:her, come to agreement.
compasoo, past-, 5, feed, pasture.
compassio, Onis, F., | patior, ] syi-
pathy, fellow-feeling.
compectus, [paciscor,] agreed.
compedio, 4, /o shackle, fetier.
compellátio, Onis, F., an accost-
ing, rebuke.
compello, 1, £o accost, rebuke, chide.
compello, puli, puls-, 3, constrain,
force, drive, collect.
compendium, i N., saving, gain,
sparing, shortening, abridgement.
compensatio, Onis, F., balancing,
exchange, barter.
compenso, I, /o recompense, bal-
ance, compensate, spare.
comperio (ior) peri, pert-, 4, (o
find ou', learn, ascertain.

compes. pedis, F., a fetter, shackle.

compesco, ui, 3, (o check, restrain.
competicor, Oris, M., rival.
coampeto, Ivi (ii), it-, 5, seek, strive,
in?21, agree, fil, correspond.
compilo, r, /o rob, pillage, plunder.
co npinzo, pegi, pact-, 3, (o fas:en,
crow, confine, conzeal.
compitalis, e, of the eross-ways.
compitum, i, N., cross-ways.
complaceo, ui, it- 2, please greatly.
complano, r, make level.
complector, xus, 3, embrace, com-
prehend, care for, lay hold of.
complementum, i, N., a fi^/ing-up.

compleo, evi, et-, 2, fill up, furnish,
finish, complete.
complex, icis, leagued, agreeing.
complexio, Onis, F., connection. :
complexus, üs, M., embrace.
complico (ui, it-), t, !o fold up.
complodo, si, sum, 35, /o c/ap.
comploratio, onis, F., lamentation.
comploro, i, :o lament loudly.
compluo, üt-, 5, /low together.
complüres, ia, several, verij many.
compluries, very oflen.
complüvium, i, F., open court-yard
(for the flow of rain).
compono, posui, posit-, 3, pu! to-
gether, arrange, imatch, compare.
comporto, 1, bring, collect.
compos, Ótis, partaking, sharing.
composite, orderly.
compositio, Onis, F., adjusting,
composing, arrangement, compact.
compositus, | pono,] well-ordered.
compotio, 4, «cake or be partaker.
comprecor, I, (0 worship, pray.
comprehendo, di, sum, 3, seize,
grasp, perceive, recount, contain.
comprebhensibilis, e, perceptible.
comprehensio, Onis, F., seizing.
compresse, briefly, urgently.
compressio, Onis, F. ; -8us, us, M.,
pressure, embrace.
comprim o, pressi, press-, 3, press,
res'rain, curb, bind, withhold.
comprobo, I, (o approve, confirm.
comptus,[como, |trimmed.
comptus, üs, M., band, head-dress.
compulsus, [compello,] forced.
como»pungo, nxi, nct, 3, s(ing, goad.
compuzcatio, onis, F., reckoning.
comp aco, I, reckon, compu:e.
[con-, /ogether (or intensive).
conamen, inis, N., effori, s:ruggle.
conatum,i, N.; -tus, üs, M. afl-
temp , effort, ünpulse.
[conb-—comb-.
conczedis, is, F., barricade.
concalesco, calui, 5, !o glow.
concavo, I, to hollow out.
concavus, a, um, Zollow, arched.
concédo, cessi, cess-, 3, go, wilh-
dva, subinit, allow, consent.

concelebro — condenso. 94

concelebro, 1, /o resort, celebrate.

concentio, Onis, F.; -tus, Us, M.,
[cano,] concert, harmony.

conceptio, Onis, F. ; -tus, us, M.,
gathering, conceiving.

concerpo, pt- 3, (ear to pieces.

concerto, I, contend, dispute.

concessio, Onis, F.; -Sus, Us, M.,
yielding, grant.

concesso, I, leave off, desist.

concessus, |c&do,] granted.

t concha, ee, F., shel/-fish, pearl.

t conchis, is, F., string-bean.

Tconchylium, i, N., oyster, purple
shell-fish, purple dye.

concido, cidi, [cado,] 5, /a/l in
pieces, perish, go to ruin, die.

concido, cidi, cis-, | ceedo,] 3, cut
to pieces, destroy.

concieo, Ivi, it-, 2, bring together,
collect, rouse, stir, excite.

conciliabulum, i N. place of
meeting.

conciliatio, onis, F., reconciling,
inclination.

conciliator, Onis, M., provider.

conciliatus, a, um, friendly, dear,

favorable, well inclined.
concilio, 1, /o reconcile, unite, win,
provide, procure, prepare.
concilium, i, N., council, assembly,
agreement, connection.
concinnátio, Onis, F., preparing.
concinne, elegantly, fitly.
concinnitas, atis, F., elegance, fit-
ness.
concinno, I, fo !rim, fit, prepare.
concinnus, a, um, neat, elegant, fit.
concino, ui, [cano,] 3, to accord
(in music), agree, harmonize.
concio (tio) Onis, F., mbeeling,
speech, place of. speaking.
concionator, Oris, N., demagogue.
concionor, t, /0 assemble, harangue.
concipilo, I, seize, catch.
concipio, cepi, cept-, 5, take up
or hold of. perceive, conceive.
concise, briefly.
concisus, [concido,] broken short,
cut, trimmed.
concitate, quickly, impetuously.

concitatio, Onis, F., excitement.
concitàator, onis, F., exciter.
concitatus, a, um, roused, swift,
vehement, violenti moved.
concito, I, sir up, rouse, excite.
concitus, |cieo, | incited, stirred.
conclamaátio, Onis, F., «à shout,
conclamatus, a, um, celebrated.
conclamo, t, cry out, shout, call to
arms, call together, exclaim.
conclave, is, N., inner room, stall.
conclüdo, si, sum, [claudo,] 35,
to shut up, close, confine, include.
conciüsio, onis, F., siege, blockade,
conclusion, end.
concolor, Oris, of one color.
concomito, I, accompany.
concoquo, coxi, coct-, 3, /o cook,
ripen, digest, waste away.
concordia, ee, F., harmony.
concorditer, /armoniously.
concordo, 1, fo agree, harmonize.
concors, dis, harmonious.
concredo, didi, dit-, 3, entrust.
concrepo, ui, it, I., crcak, clash.
con-cresco, 3, grow together, harden.
concrétus, a, um, hard, siiff.
concrétus, üs, M., Aardening.
concubina, ee, F., concubine.
concubitus, üs, M., pairing, mating.
concubius, a, um, of sleep; N.,
dead of night.
concubo, bui, bit-, 5, /ie together.
conculoco, t, to trample down.
concupisco, ivi (ii), it-, 3, to desire,
long for, strive after.
concurro, curri CcUurs-, 3,
Jlock together, contend, befall.
concursatio, Onis, F., moving to-
gether, concurrence, restlessness.
concurso, I, (0 rush about or to-
gether, ramble, frequent.
concursus, üs, M., running together,
crowd, onset.
concutio, [quatio, | cussi, cuss-, 3,
shake, shatter, terrify, rouse.
t condalium, i, N., r/ng (for slaves).
condecet, uit, 2, i/ befits.
condemno, [damno,|] 1, to sentence,
condemn, disapprove.
condenso, r, crowd together.

meet,

38 . eondensus — congeries.

- condensus, a, um, close, dense.
condepso, ui, 5, /nead together.
condico, xi, ct-, 3, appoint, declare,
, agree, engage, proclaüm.
condignus, a, um, quite worthy.
condimentum, i, N., spice.
condio, 4, (0 season, embalm, adorn.
con-disco, 3, /earn carefully.
conditio, onis, F., condition, rank,
term (ot agreement), match.
conditio, Onis, F., spicing, preserv-
ing, seasoning.
conditivus, a, um, for preserving ;
N., vault, tomb.
conditor, oris, M., builder, founder.
conditorium, i, N., plate of deposit.
condo, didi, dit-, 3, /ay wp, com-
pose, establish, build, bury, hide.
condoceo, ui, ct-, 2, teach, train.
condolesco, lui, 5, suffer severely.
condonatio, Onis, F., giving-away.
condono, I, /(o grant, surrender,
pardon, remit, present.
condormisco, mui, 5, f// asleep.
conducibilis, e, profitable.
condüco, xi, ct-, 3, lead, hire,
gather, join, serve.
conducticius, a, um, /iired.
conductio, onis, F., /iring.
conductor, Oris, M., tenant, farmer,
contractor.
condus, i, M., steward.
1condylus, i, «., knuckle, joint.
confabulor, 1., converse, discuss.
confarreatio, onis, F., solemn mar-
riage (with bride-cake, far).
confectio, onis, F., making-up.
confector, Oris, M., finisher.
confectus, a, um, finished.
confercio, fert-, 4, /o stuff, cram.
confero, ferre, tuli, collat-, bring
together, collect, compare, betake.
conferte, -tim, compactly.
confertus, a, um, close, crammed.
confervesco, bui, 3., grow hot, heal.
confessio, Onis, F., confession.
confestim, a! once, forthwith.
confibula, ee, F., clamp.
conficiens, tis, effective. ,
conficio, feci-, fect, 5, to finish, de-
spatch, produce, effect, make out.

confictus, [fingo,] counterfeit.
confidens, tis, bold, confident.
confidentia, ee, F.,confidence.
confido, sus, 3, to trust, rely.
configo, xi, x-, 5, join, füsten, pierce.
confingo, finxi, fict-, 5, form, feign.
coníinis, e, «adjacent, bordering ; N
neighborhood.
confinium, i, N., neighborhood.
con-fio, fect-, be brought to pass.
confirmatio, Onis, F., confirming,
. consoling, strengthening.
confirmitas, atis, F., obstinacy.
confirmo, I, establish, strengthen.
confisco, I, seize as forfeit.
confisus, a, um, confident.
confiteor, fessus, |fateor, | confess,
admit, declare, make known.
confixus, [figo,] pierced.
conflagro, 1, burn up.
conflictio, onis, F., -tus, üs, M.,
collision, conflict.
conflicto, r, sírike, dash, ruin.
confligo, xi, ct-, 5, (o bring together,
struggle, contend, compare.
conflo, 1, kindle, inflame, melt.
confluens, tis, M., confluence.
confluo, xi, 5, flow together, throng.
conífodio, fodi, foss-, 35, dig, stab.
conformo, 1, /o shape, adapt.
conforto, 1, [fortis,] strengthen.
confossus, [fodio, | stabbed.
confragosus, a, um, broken, rough.
confremo, ui, 3, murmur, resound.
confrico, 1, /o rub, touch.
confringo, fregi, fract-, 5, break in
pieces, destroy, squander.
confugio, fügi, 5, /lee for refuge.
confundo, füdi, füs-, 3, mir, con-
fuse, pour out, diffuse, empty.
confüse (-sim), confusedly.
confüsio, onis, F., mingling, confu-
sion.
confüsus, a, um, VWisordered, con-
fused, perplexed.
confüto, 1, /o check, confute.
congelo, 1, to freeze, stiffen.
congemino, 1, /o redouble.
congemo, ui, 3, /o sigh, lament.
t conger (-grus), i, M., sea-eel.
congeries, ei, F., heap, mass.

,"

eongero — consequens. 99

congero, gessi, gest-, 3, heap to-
gether, put upon, impute.
congero, Onis, M., (/icf.
congerro, Onis, M., play-fellow.
congestio, Onis, F., -tus, üs, M.,
heaping-up, accumulation.
congiarius, a, um, of a gallon
measure ; N., largess.
congius, i, M., about a gallon.
conglobo, t, /o heap together.
conglütino, I, (0 join firinly, cement.
congreeco, I, /o lavish, squander.
congredior, [|gradior, | gress-, 5, to
meet, encounter, contend.
congregatio, Onis, F., union, society.
congrego, [grex,] 1, /o gather in
troops or flocks.
congressus, üs, M. ; -sio, onis, F.,
gathering, meeting, encounter.
congrex, egis, of the sume flock.
congruens, tis, suited, accordant.
congruo, ui, 3, agree, fit, coincide.
congruus, a, um, fi/, harmonious.
conifer (-ger), era, um, cone-bearing.
conjectus, üs, M. ; -tio, Onis, F.,
casting, hurling ; a heap, pile.
coniveo, nivi, 2, /o close the eyes.
conjecto, 1, (/irow together, infer.
conjectuüra, ee, F., conclusion, quess.
conjicio, jeci, ject-, 3, /o cast, hurl,
drive, prophesy, interpret.
conjuealis, e, of marriage.
conjugium, i, N., marriage, consort.
conjuncte, -tim, Jointly, intimately.
conjunctio, onis, F., joining, con-
nection, agreement, sympathy.
conjungo, xi, ct-, 3, to join, couple.
conjunx—conjux, spouse.
conjürátio, Onis, F., conspiracy.
conjüratus, M., conspiralor.
conjüro, r, sicear together, conspire.
conjux (nx) ugis, C., husband or
wife, betro'hed. — [con-—conn-.
[conl-—coll-; conm-—comm.-.
connecto, xui, xum, 3, clasp, join.

connitor, nix (nis-), 3, strive, yearn..

conniveo—oconiveo, close the eyes.

connübialis, e, of wedlock.

connübium, i, N., wedlock, right of
intermarriage.,

Tconopeum, i, N., /1j-net.

conor, I, fo endeavor, try.
conquasso, I, /o shake, shatter.
conqueror, quest-, 5, complain.
conquestus, us, M., complaint.
conquiesco, evi, et- 3, !/o rest,
repose, be unconcerned.
conquiro, sivi, Sit-, 5, inquire, seek.
conquisitio, onis, F., collecting, levy.
conquisitor, Oris, M., recruiling-
officer, spy, listener.
conquisitus, a, um, c/oice, costly.
consalüto, I, /o greet, salute.
consanesco, sanui, 3, to get well.
consanguineus, a, um, kindred.
consanguinitas,atis, F., kindred.
conscelerdtus, a, um, depraved.
conscelero, 1, (0 dishonor.
conscendo, di, sum, 3, [scando,]
climb, mount, embark.
conscientia, e F., [scio,] con-
SCLIOUSn.ESS, COR SCLER CC.
conscindo, idi, iss-, 3, cu! to pieces.
conscio, 4, be conscious (of wrong).
conscisco, scivi, scit-, 3, (0o vote,
approve, agree, adjudge.
conscius, a, um, conscious, know-
ing ; M., F., aecomplice, accessory.
conscribo, psi, pt-, 3, /o register,
enrol, compose, appoint.
conscriptus, a, um, registered,
summoned ; M., pl., senators.
conseco, ui, ct-, I, cu/ to pieces.
consecrátio, onis, F., dedication.
consecro, I, devote, deify, consecrate.
consector, I, (o hunt, chase, pursue.
consectus, [seco,] cu to pieces.
consecütio, Onis, F., consequence,
connection, sequel.
consecütus, a, um, Aaving qot.
consenesco, ui, 3, grow old, decay.
consensio, Onis, F.; -Sus, üs, M.,
consent, plot.
consentaneus, a, um, agreeable, fit.
consentes dii, the r2 chief gods,
(counsellors).
consentiens, tis, accordant.
consentio, sensi, sens-, 4, (o agree,
consent, resolve, conspire.
consepio, sept-, 4, to fence in.
conseptum, i, N., enclosure.
consequens, tis, consistent, fit.

40

consequenter, suilably.
consequor, cütus, 3, follow close,
come up with, obtain.
consero, sevi, sit, 5, (o sow, plant,
sirew, fill.
consero, ui, sert-, 5, entwine, join ;
bring together (as for battle).
consertus, [sero,| Joined, inter-
woven, matched.
conservatio, Onis, F., preservation.
conservator, onis, M., defender.
conservo, I, (o keep, preserve.
conservus, i, M.; conserva,ee, F.,
Jellow-servant.
consessor, Oris, M., « by-sitter.
COnSeSSus, Us, M., session, assembly.
consideranter, deliberately.
consideratus, a, um, circumspect,
cautious, considerate.
considero, I, consider, ponder.
consido, sedi, sess-, 3, si/ down,
sink, subside, settle, encamp.
consigno, I, /o seal, sign, attest.,
consilesco, ui, 5, keep still.
consiliarius, a, um, of counsel; M.,
counsellor, adviser.
consiliator, Oris, M., adviser.
consilior, t, give or take counsel.
consilium, i, N., «advice, counsel,
purpose, prudence, council.
consimilis, e, quite like.
consisto, stit, stit-, 3, /o stand fast,
stay, stop, continue, agree, cease.
consitus, [sero,] planted.
consobrinus, a, um, cousin, kin.
consocio, I, associate, join, connect.
consolabilis, e, consolable.
consolatio, onis, F., comfort.
consolor, 1, /o console, comfort.
consonans, tis, /;arionious, fit.
consono, ui, I, /0 resound, accord.
consonus, a, um, /armonious.
consopio, it-, 4, pu! to sleep.
consors, tis, C., fellow in fortune,
partner, comrade.
consortio, Onis, F., partnership.
consortium, i, N., fellowship.
conspectus, |-spicio, ] conspicuous.
conspectus, us, M., sight, glance,
view, presence, survey.
conspergo, si, sum, 3, besprinkle.

-T

consequenter — consul.

conspicio, spexi, spect., 5 ; -spi-
Cor, I, (o view, behold, descry..
conspicuus, a, um, easy to see,
visible, distinguished.
conspiratio, Onis, F., agreement,
harmony, plot, conspiracy.
conspirátus, a, um, Aaving con-
spired ; M. pl., conspirators.
conspiro, I, combine, accord, plot,
conspire ; coil or crowd.
conspuo, üit-, 3; -to, I, /o spi! upon.
constans, tis, firm, constant, con-
sistent, steadfast, certain.
constantia, ee, F., firinness, harmony.
constanter, s.'eadily, with one voice.
consternátio, Onis, F., disinay.
consterno, I, overihrow, terrify.
consterno, stravi, strat-, 5, sírew,
. pave, overihrow.
constipo, 1, /o crowd close upon.
constituo, ui, üt-, 3, (o establish,
determine, set in order.
constitutio, onis, F., regulation.
constitutus, a, um, established ;
N., institution, compact.
consto, stiti, stat-, stand firm, con-
sis, endure, agree ; constat, it is
evident, well-known, resolved.
constràatus, [aene] strewn, sub-
dued ; N., ship's deck.
constrictus, a, um, compressed,
brief, trimmed, compact.
constringo, inxi, ict-, 3, /old close,
bind, constrain.
constructio, Onis, FE. joining,
framing, building, connection.
construo, xi, ct-, 3, build together,
pile, construct.
constupro, I, debauch, violate.
consuadeo, 2, advise strongly.
consüdo, rt, sweat abundantly.
consuefacio, feci, fact-, 3, /o ac-
custom, habituate.
consuesco, vi, et-, 3, (o inure, get
wonted, become accustomed.
consueétüdo, inis, F., custom. habit,
use, intercourse, companionship.
consuétus, a, um, accustomed.
consul, ulis, M., Consul, the chief
executive officer of Rome, of
whom two were chosen yearly.

consularis — contrario. 41

consularis, e, of the consul; M.,
of. consular rank, ezx-consul.
consulàátus, üs, M., consulship.
consulo, ui, sult-, 3, consider, re-
flect ; (w. acc.) consult ; (w. dat.)
favor, consuli, or have regard for.
consultátio, Onis, F., consuliation.
consulte, -to, on purpose.
consulto, 1, reflect, take counsel.
consultor, Oris, M. counsellor,
adviser, consulter.
consultum, i, N., a decree, resolve.
consultus, a, um, well-weighed.
consultus, üs, M., decree, prudence.
con-sum, futurum, fore, /iappen.
consummüátio, Onis, F., summing-
up, completion, summary.
consummo, I, /o sum up, complete.
consümo, mpsi, mpt-, 3, /o spend,
destroy, bestow, consume.
consuo, süt-, 3, sew up or together.
con-surgo, 3, rise up, revolt.
Consus, i, the god of Counsel.
contabesco, ui, 3, waste away.
contabulàatio, onis, F., flooring.
contabulo, 1, /o cover with plank.
contactus, [-tingo,] touched.
contactus, ts, M., (ouch, infection.
contages, is ; -io, onis, F. ; -ium, i,
N., infection, contact.
contáminàtus, a, um, defiled.
contàmino, 1, /o blend, corrupt.
contátio—cunctatio, delay.
contechnor, r1, play tricks.
contego, xi, ct-, 3, cover up, pre-
serve, hide.
contemno, psi, pt-, 3, scorn, despise.
contemplatio, Onis, F., survey,
aim, consideration.
contemplátor, Onis, M., observer.
contemplor, t, behold, meditate.
contemptim, scornfully.
contemptio, Onis, F. ; -tus, Us, M.,
contempt, scorn, disregard.
contemptor, Oris, M., scorner, in-
sul'er, despiser. )
contemptus, [temno,] despised,
contemptible, vile, abject.
contendo, di, tum, (o 3, contend,
strive, march, urge, compare.
contente, earnestly.

contentio, Onis, F., sírife, dispute,
contest, comparison, contrast.
contentus, [tendo,] s/rained, in-
ten! ; |teneo,] content, satisfied.
conterminus, a, um, bounding,
neighboring ; N., neighborhood.
contero, trivi, trit, 3, bruise or
wear away, waste, destroy.
conterreo, ui, it-, 2, af/right, terrifj.
contestàátus, a, um, íried, proved.
contestor, I, call to. witness, bring
an action.
contexo, ui, tum, 3, weave together.
contextus, üs, M., connection.
conticesco, ticui, 3, become silent.
conticinium, i, N., s//l/ of. evening.
contignatio, Onis, F., timber-floor.
contiegno, 1, join with beams.
contiguus, a, um, adjoining, within
reach, neighboring.
continens, tis, cíose, connected,
restrained; N., continent.
continenter, uninterruptedly.
continentia, ee, F., sel/f-restraint.
contineo, ui, tent-, 2, |teneo, ] hold
close, restrain, contain.
contingo, tigi, tact-, 3, [tango,]/o
touch, reach, take hold, partake.
contingo (-guo), 3, /o wet, sprinkle.
continuátio, Onis, F., succession.
continuo, I, (0 join, connect, con-
tinue, border on. -
continuo, immediately, consequently.
continuus, a, um, constant, close,
successive, continuous.
contollo—confero, 3, betake.
contorqueo, torsi, tort-, (ist, hurl.
contortus, a, um, fiwisted.
contra, against, opposite, omn the
other hand.
contractio, Onis, F. shortening.
contractus, [traho, | drawn together,
closed, compressed, retired.
contractus, üs, M., bargain, con-
tract, shrinking, contraction.
contradico, 3, gainsay, oppose.
contrádictio, onis, F., opposition.

contraho, xi, ct-, gather, contract,

produce, conclude, restrain, lessen.
contrà-pono, 3, put opposite. — -
contràrio, on (he contrary.

49 contrarius — copa.

contrarius, a, um, opposite, hostile.
contrecto, I, (ouch, search, handle.
contremisco, tremui, 5, /0o tremble
greatly.
contribuo, bui, büt-, 3, (o grant,
assign, contribute.
contristo, 1, grieve, sadden, darken.
contritio, onis, F., grief.
coritritus, [tero,] worn, bruised.
controversia, ee, F., dispute, debate.
controversus, a, um, set opposite,
disputed, quarrelsome.
contrucido, r, /o ki//, butcher.
contrüdo, si, sum, 3, (o crowd in,
thrust together.
contrunco, t, mangle, cut to pieces.

contubernalis, is, C., of. one mess ;

M., fent-companion, comrade.
contubernium, i, N., ess, com-
pany, a common tent, abode.
contueor, uitus, 2, gaze upon, con-
sider, care for.
contumacia, ee, F., stubbornness.
contumax, ácis, stubborn, unyield-
ing, insolent.
contumelia, ee, F., (aunt, reproach,
assault, disgrace, insult.
contumeliosus, a. um, reproach-
ful, insolent, ignominious.
contundo, tudi, tüs-, 3, beat, bruise,
erush, grind, subdue, demolish.
conturbatio, Onis, F., confusion.
conturbo, t, /o disturb, confuse,
embarrass, distract.
conturmalis, e, of one squadron.
contus, i, M., pole, long staff.
contiüsio, Onis, F., bruising.
conübium-—-connuübium, wedlock.
T conus, i, N., cone, crest, tip.
convador, I, /o cite, summon.
convalesco, valui, 5, ge! strength.
convallis, is, F., «1 enclosed valley.
conváàso, 1, /o pack baggage.
convectio, Onis, F., bringing to-
gether.
convecto, I ; -veho, xi, ct, 3, con-
vey, bring together, fetch in.
convector, Oris, M., fellow-passen-
ger, gatherer (of grain &c.).
convello, velli, vuls-, 3, /o wrench,
tear away, pluck up, rend.

convena, ee, C., one of a company.
conveniens, tis, /armon?ous, suited.
convenienter, /i!/y, consistently.
convenientia, &e, F., meeting, ac-
cord, conformity, fitness.
convenio, veni, vent-, 4, meet,
agree, visit; impers. 1t is fit.
conventicius, a, um, meeting.
conventio, Onis, F., a meeting, com-
pact, agreement, indictment.
conventum, i, N., agreement.
conventus, üs, M., meeting, com-
pany, assembly, court, compact.
converro, ri, sum, 3, /o sweep, beat.
conversatio, Onis, F., use, inler-
course, conversation, abode.
conversio, Onis, F., change, revolu-
tion, subversion.
converso, 1, /o turn violently, abide.
converto, ti, sum, 3, /oturn, change,
transform, alter, transfer.
convexo, I, press violently.
convexus, a, um, curved, arched ;
N., arch, vault, concavity.
conviciator, Oris, M., reviler.
convicior, I, /o revile, reproach.
convicium, i, N., loud cry, reviling,
wrangling, insult, importunity.
convictio, Onis, F., intercourse.
convictor, Oris, M., [vivo,] moess-
mate, familiar friend.
convictus, | vinco,| proved.
convictus, iis, M., /iving together.
convinco, vici, vict. 3, /o con-
vict, convince, prevail, conquer.
conviso, 3, consider, examine.
conviva, ee, C., guest, companion.
convivium, i, N., banquet.
convivo, xi, 5, /o live or feast with.
convivor, I, fo feast, revel.
convooo, t, assemble, call together.
convolo, t, /7j together.
convolvo, vi, volüt-, 3, wrap to-
gether, roll round, heap.
convolvulus, i, M., caterpillar.
convulnero, t, /0 wound severely.
convulsus, [vello,] wrenched.
coóperio, ui, ert-, 4, /0 cover up.
coópto, r, choose, admit, elect.
coürior, ortus, 4, arise, appear.
COpa, ee, F., tavern-dancer.

cophinus — Corybantius. Me

1 cophinus, i, M., basket.

copia, ee, F., abundance, «wealth,
multitude ; pl. supplies, troops.

copiose, abundantly.

copiosus, a, um, plentiful, copious.

1 copis, idis, F., cutlass.
cOpis, is, C., rich, abounding.
copo—caupo, inn-keeper.
'1coprea (as), ee, M., a dirty jester.
1 copta, ee, F., cake, biscuit.
copula, ee, F., cord, band, leash.
copulatio, onis, F., binding.
copulo, 1, (o couple, join, cement.
coqua, ae, F., à cook.
coquina, ee, F., kitchen, cookery.
coquino, I, (0 cook.
coquo, xi, ct-, 3, /0 cook, burn, vex.
coquus, i, M., & cook.
cor, cordis, N., /eart, mind.
cora, ee, F., pupil of the eye.
Tcoralium, i, N., red coral.
coram, openly; in presence of.
Tcorax, ácis, M., raven, crow.
corbis, is, D., basket.
corbita, ee, F., ship of burden.
corbula, ee, F., litile basket.
corculum, i, N., sweetheart.
Corcyraeus, a, um, of the I. Cor-
cyra (Corfu) near Epirus.
cordatus, a, um, «wise, prudent.
Tcordax, acis, M., a wanton dance.
cordolium, i, N., Jeart-sorrow.
Cordubensis, e, of Corduba (Cor-
dova), in S. Spain.
cordus—chordus, /ate-born.
Corfinium, i, N., a fortified town
of Central Italy.
coriarius, a, um, of leather ; M., a
tanner, currier.
Corinthius, a, um, Corinthian, lux-
urious; ees, a costly bronze.
Corinthus, ij F., Corinth, on the
Isthmus of Greece, taken by
Mummius, B.C. 146.
corium, i, N., hide, husk, thong.
corneolus, a, um, /iorn-like.
corneus, a, um, of horn, or cornel.
cornicen, inis, M., horn-blower.
cornicor, 1, chatter (as rooks).
.corniger, era, um, /iorned.
cornipes, edis, ^oofed (horse).

cornix, icis, F., crow, rook.
cornu, üs (u) N., horn, point, tip
(as of spar), bow, cone (of helmet),
hoof, wing (of an army).
cornus, i, F. ; -um, i, N., cornel.
cornütus, a, um, Aorned.
corolla, ee, F., garlaund.
corollarium, i, N., wreath, gift.
corona, ee, F., crown, wreath, throng.
coroneola, ee, F., musk-rose.
Coronis, idis, F., d. of Phlegyas,
mother of /Esculapius.
corono, I, /o crown, wreathe.
corporeus, a, um, bodily, fleshly.
corporo, t, £o embotd y.
corpulentus, a, um, of gross body.
corpus, óris, N., body, flesh, person.
corrádo, si, sum, 3, scrape together.
correctio, onis, F. s(raightening.
corrector, Oris, M., ?mprover.
corrépo, psi, 3, (o creep, sneak.
correptio, Onis, F., seizing.
corriegia, ee, F., s/ioe-string.
corrigo, rexi, rect- [rego,] 3, io
set right, straighten, correct.
corripio, ui, rept-, [rapio,] 3, seize,
snatch, plunder, reproach, attack.
corrivo, I, (o draw together.
corroboro, 1, [robur,] strengthen.
corrodo, si, sum, 3, /o gnaw.
corrogo, 1, get together by asking.
corrotundo, 3, (o round off.
corrüda, ee, F., wild asparagus.
corrügo, 1, (o wrinkle.
corrumpo, rüpi, rupt-, 3, /o cor-
rupt, pollute, bribe, destroy, spoil.
corruo, ui, 5, fall to pieces, gather.

corruptela, ee, F., corruption, bribe.

corruptor, Oris, M. [rumpo,]
spoiler, corrupter.
Corsus, a, um, of the I. Corsica,
W. of Italy.
cortex, icis, D., shell, hull, bark.
cortina, ee, F., kettle, vat, tripod.
corulus—corylus, /;azel.
córus—caurus, N. W. wind.
corusco, I1, shake, gleam, brandish.
coruscus, a, um, jlittering, waving.
corvus, i, M., raven, crow, grapple.
Corybantius, a, um, of the priests
of Cybele (Corybantes).

44 Corycius — crocio.

Corycius, a, um, of Corycos, a
coast town and cave in Cilicia.

1corydalus, i, w., crested lark.

1 corylus, i, w., hazel.

1corymbus, i, M., cluster.

1 corytos, i, M., quiver, arrow.

COS, COtis, F., flint, whetstone.

Tcosmeta, ee, M., adorner.

costa, ee, F., rib, side, wall.

Tcostum, i, N., an aromatic plant.

Tcothurnus, i M. /unting-boot,
buskin, lofly or tragic style.

1 cottabus, i, M., clap, stroke.

cottana, ee, F., a small fig.

coturnix, icis, F., quail.

1cotyla, ee, F., about a pint.

Cous, a, um, of Cos, a small I.
in the ZEgean.

covinus, i, M., war-chariot.

coxa, ee (-endix, icis), F., Aip, bend.

crabro, onis, F., hornet.

1crambe, es, F., cabbage.

1 cranium, i, N., skull.

crapula, ee, F., drunkenness.

Cras, /o-morrow.

crassamen, inis (-tum, i), N., dregs.

crasse, rudely, dünly.

crassitüdo, inis, F., thickness.

crasso, I, (o thicken.

crassus, a, um, lick, gross, clumsy.

Crassus, M. Licinius, the triumvir,
d. in the Parthian War, B.C. 53.
crastinus, a, um, of lo-morrow.
Torater, eris, era, erás, M. ; -era, ee,
F., bowl, pail, basin.
crates (is), is, F., basket-work, har-
row, hurdle; pl., fascines, gabions.
creatio, Onis, F., creating.
creator, Oris, M., creator, founder.
creatrix, tricis, F., mother.
creatüra, ee, F., creature.
Cr&ber, bra, um, t/iick, close, abound-
ing, frequent, numerous.
crebresco, 3, thicken, increáse.
crebro, frequently, close together.
credibilis, e, credible, likely.
creditor, oris, M., one ho trusts.
creditum, i, N., /oan, credit.
credo, didi, dit-, 3, lend, intrust,
confide, believe.
credulitas, atis, F., credulity.

credulus, a, um, easy of belief.
crematio, Onis, F., burning. .
Cremera, e, F., a stream of Etru-
ria where the Fabii perished.
cremina, orum, N., brushiwood.
cremo, I, /0 burn, consume.
Cremona, e, F., a town on the Po.
cremor, Oris, M., broth, porridge.
creo, I1, create, beget, elect, produce.
creper, era, um, doubtful, dark.
crepida, ee, F., s/ioe-sole or last.
crepido, inis, F., brink, base.
T crepis, idis, F., slipper.
crepito, 1, crackle, rumble, tinkle.
crepitus, üs, M., clashing, crashing.
crepo, ui, it-, 1, /o clatter, resound.
crepundia, N., pl. playthings, rattle.
crepusci, orum, M. pl., of twilight.
crepusculum, i, N., twilight, dusk.
Cres, -etis, M.; Cressa, ee, F., Cretan.
cresco, crevi, cret-, 3, grow, ap-
pear, increase, multiply.
creta, ee, F., chalk.

Creta, ee, (-te, es), F., Candia, a
large island S. of the ZEgean..
Creteeus (-ticus) a, um; -tensis,

e, Cretan ; taurus, the Minotaur.
cretatus, a, um, chalked.
crétio, onis, F., estate, inheritance.
cretüra, ee, F., bran.
crétus, [cresco, | descended ; [cer-
no, s?fted, decided.
Creusa, ee, Trojan wife of /Eneas.
cribrum, i, N., siecve, strainer.
crimen, inis, N., judgment, criminal
charge, reproach, fault, crine.
criminàtio, onis, F., accusation.
criminor, I, /0 charge, accuse.
criminosus, a, um, accusatory.
crinàlis, e, of the hair.
crinis, is, M., hair, comet's tail.
crinitus, a, um, /airy.
1 crisis, is, F., decision, crisis.
crispo, 1, (o curl, roughen, brandish.
crispus, a, um, crisp, curled, wwrin-
kled, waving, quivering.
crista, ee, F., crest, comb, plume.
cristátus, a, um, crested.
Tcriticus, a, um, critical ; M., critic.
croceus (-inus), a, um, of saffron.
crocio, 4, to croak (as a raven).

erocodilus — eunctanter. 45

t crocodilus, i, M., crocodile.
terocota, ee, F., saffron robe.
toerocus, i, M. ; -um, N., saffron.
Croesus, i, k. of Lydia, conquered
by Cyrus, B.C. 546.
crotalia, orum, N. ear-rings.
crotalum, i, N., rattle, bell, castanet.
Croto, onis, C., Crotona, a Greek
town of S. Italy.
cruciatus, üs, M. ; mentum, i, N.,
— torture, torment, misery, ruin.
crucifer, feri, M., (he cross-bearer.
crucio, 1, /o torment, afflict, crucify.
crüdelis, e, cruel, harsh, fierce.
crüdelitas, atis, F., cruelty.
crüdesco, dui, 3, grow raw, hard,
violent, bad.
crüditas, atis, F., indigestion.
crüdus, a, um, raw, bloody, harsh.
cruento, 1, /o stain, make bloody.
cruentus, a, um, bloody, fierce.
crümena, ee, F., purse, money-pouch.
cruor, Oris, M., spilt blood, gore.
crüralis, e, of the leg.
crürifragius, a, um, broken-legged.
crüs, orüris, N., leg (below the
knee), shin.
crusta, ee, F., ice, crust, stucco.
crusto, 1, (o plaster, encrust.
crustulum, i, N., confectionery.
crustum, i, N., crust, pastry.
Crustumeria, ee, F., an old Sabine
town, on the Etrurian border.
crux, crucis, F., cross, torment.
terypta, ee, F., vault, cell.
tcerystallinus, a, um, of crystal.
torystallus, i, M. (-um, N.), crystal,
ice ; crystal vase, gem.
cubiculàarius, a, um, of the cham-
ber ; M., body-servant.
cubiculum, i, N., bed-chamber.
tcubicus, a, um, cubic.
cubile, is, N., couch, bed, chamber.
cubital, alis, N., elbow-rest.
cubitalis, e, a cubit long or high.
cubito, 1, £o lie down often.
cubitum, i, N., elbow, bend, cubi.
or ell (18 inches).
cubitus, üs, M., /ying down, bed.
cubo, ui, it-, r, lie down, sleep.
t cubus, i, «., cube, die.

cucullus, um, /ood, cap, wrapper.
cucülus, i, M., cuckoo.
cucuma, ee, F., kettle, bath-tub.
cucumis, eris, (im, i) M., cucumber.
cucurbita, ee, F., gourd, cup.
cücürio, 4, (0 crow.
cüdo, di, sum, 3, (o hammer, coin.
cüdo, onis, M., «a leather skull-cap.
cüjàs, atis, w/ose? whence?
cujus, a, um, «wAose (gen. of quis).
cujusmodi, of «hat sort.
culcita, ee, F., mattress, bed, cushion.
cüleus, i, M., bag, a liquid measure.
culex, icis, F., gnat, mosquito.
culigna, ee, F., bowl.
culina, ee, F., kitchen.
culmen, inis, N., /op, ridge.
culmus, i, M., stalk, straw, stem.
culpa, ee, F., fault, crime, mischief.
culpàátus, a, um, blamable, guilty.
culpo, 1, (o blame, condemn.
cultellus, i, M., little knife.
culter, tri, M., knife, cutter.
cultor, Oris, M. ; -trix, tricis, F.,
tiller, dweller, worshipper, helper.
cultüra, ee, F., tillage.
cultus, [colo,] tilled, adorned.
cultus, üs, M., care, culture, orna-
ment, luxury, splendor, dress.
culullus, i, M., boil, pot.
cum, (abl.) with, among.
cum-—Qquum, «when, since, though;
cum...tum, both .. . and.
Cümeeus, a, um, of Cumc«, a coast-
town near Naples; Cumeea
virgo, the Sibyl.
-cumbo, cubui, cubit-, /o [ie down.
cümatilis, e, b/uish ; N., a garment.
cumera, &, F.; -um,i N,G€ meal-
tub, bin, chest (for grain).
cumprime (is), especially.
[-cumque, -ever.
cumulate, abundantly.
cumulatim, in heaps.
cumulátus, a, um, full, complete.
cumulo, 1, (o heap, pile, amass.
cumulus i, N., heap, pile, mass.
cünábula, orum, w., cradle, origin.
cunee, arum, F., cradle, nest.
cunctans, tis, dilatory.
cunctanter, lingeringly, slowly.

46 | cunctatio — Cydonia.

cunctátio, onis, F., delay.
cunctator, Oris, M., delayer; a
name of Fabius the dictator,
who baffled Hannibal, B.C., 213
cunctor, 1, (o delay, linger. [-209.
cunctus, a, um, all, whole.
cunealis, e, wedgelike.
cuneatim, wedge-formed.
cuneo, 1, (o wedge, fasten.
cuneus, i, M., wedge, seat (in the-
atre), column (of troops).
cuniculus, i, M., rabbit, burrow.
cunila, ee, F., pennyroyal (?).
cunio, 4, /o defile.
[-cunque—-cumque., -ever.
cüpa, ee, F., (ub, cask, crank.
cupedia or ee, pl., dainties.
cupedo, inis, F., daintiness.
cupella, &; -um, i, N., cup.
cüpes, edis, M., dainty-fellow.
cupide, eagerly, passionately.
cupiditas, atis, F., eagerness, long-
ing, avarice, party spirit.
cupido, inis, F., eager desire.
cupidus, a, um, eager, desirous,
fond, devoted, greedy.
cupiens, tis, /onging, eager.
cupio, ivi, it-, 3, /o desire, favor.
Tcupressus, i, F., cypress.
cupreus (-inus), a, um, of copper.
cuprum, i, N., copper.
cüpula, ee, F., (ub, crank.
cur, wy.
cüra, ee, F., care, grief.

curatio, onis; -tura, ee, F., care,

cure, management.
curator, Oris, M., overseer.
curculio, onis, F., ?eevil.

Cuc::es, ium, M., a Sabine town.
Curétes, um, an ancient people
of Crete, worshippers of Zeus.
cüria, ee, F., (e court, senate-house,
ward (the patrician assembly).

cürialis, e, of the court or ward.

cüriatus, a, um, of the curiee.

cürio, Onis, M., priest of curia.

curio, Onis, M., /ean, wasted.

curiosus, a, um, careful, nice, cu-
rious, eager, lean, wasted.

curis, is, F., spear.

curo, I, care for, cure, manage.

currax, acis, diligent, quick.

curriculum, i, N., race-course, car.

curro, cucurri, Cur$-, 5, (o run.

currüca—-eruca, ee FE. canker-
orm.

currus, üs, M., car, waggon, chariot.

cursim, /astily, speedily.

cursio, Onis, F., running.

curso (ito), 1, [curro,] run about.

cursor, Oris, M., runner.

cursüra, ee, F., riühnitid g--

cursus, üs, M., running, course.

curto, I, /o &horten;

curtus, a. um, short, broken.

curulis, e, of à chariot ; sella, Ae
chair of state (used by consuls,
praetors, and curule ediles).

curvamen, inis, N.; -tura, ee, F.,
bending, arch, vault.

curvo, I, fo bend.

curvor, Oris, M., crookedness.

curvus, a, um, crooked, bent.

cüsor, Oris, M., [cudo,] coiner.

cuspidatus, a, um, pointed.

cuspido, r1, /o point, sharpen.

cuspis, idis, F., spear-point, lance,
spit, sting.

custodia, ee, F., custody, guard,
guardshouse, prison.

custodio, 4, (o guard, keep.

custos, Odis, M., keeper, quard.

cutis, is, F., skin, rind.

Cyaneee, arum, rF., /he Symplegades.

tcyaneus, a, um, bright blue.

tcyanus, i, M., blue-bottle (lower).

tcyathus, i, M., drinking-cup.

cybeeus, a, um, of a large ship.

Cybele, es, a Phrygian goddess.

T cybium, i, N., tunny (fish).

Cyclades, um, rF., islands of the
ZEgean, around "Delos.

tcyclas, adis, F., woman's robe.

cyclicus, a, um, cirewlar.

Cyclops, Opis, a savage race of
Sicily and elsewhere ; workmen
of Vulcan, forgers of thunder-
bolts under Mt. Etna.

tcyclus, i, M., circle.

cy donia, ee, F., quince.

cy donites, ee, M., quince-wine.

Cydonia, ee, F., a town of Crete.

cygneus — Daunus.

cygnéus, a, um, of a swan.

teygnus (cyonus), i, M., swan.

cylindrus, i, w., cylinder, roller.

Cyllene, es, F., a mt. of Arcadia,
birthplace of Mercury.

Tcyma, ee, F., (átis, N.,) sprout.

tcymatilis—cumatilis, bluish.

Tcymatium, i, M., wave-work.

1 cymba, ee, r., boat, skiff-

t cymbalum, i, N., cjymbal.

tcymbium, i, N., boat-like cup.

cymbula, ee, F., liitle boat.
cymosus, a, um, full of shoots.

t cynicus, a, um, currish, cjnic.

1cynocephalus,i, M., dog-head ape.

1cynosbatos, i, N., sweetbrier.
1cynosuüra, ee, F., pole-star.

Cynthus, i w., a mt. of Delos,
birthplace of Apollo.

Tcyparissus, i, F., cypress.

t cypéros, i, M., a kind of rush.

tcyprinum, i, N., cypress-oil.

Cyprius, a, um, Cyprian ; of copper.

Cyprus, i, F., a large island 5. of
Asia Minor.

1cypselus, i, M., marten.

Cyreneeus (-aicus) a, um, of
Cyrene, a Greek town on the
African coast, W. of Egypt.

Cyrneus, a, um, Corsican.

Cyrus, i, the Great, founder of the
Persian empire, B.C. 559; the
Younger, who perished at Cun-
axa, B.C. 400.

Cytheéreus (-eius), a, um, of Cyth-
era, an island S. of Greece,
sacred to Venus ; F.. Venus.

cytisus, M. F., clover, trefoil.

. Cytorus, i, a mt. of Paphlagonia.

|

Cyzicum, i, a town of Mysia.

D.

D, the praen. Decimus; num., 500.

dabula (dabla), ee, F., date-palm.

Dàcia, ee, F., the country on the
lower Danube ; adj. Dacus.

tdactylus, i, «., ( finger,) name of
a kind of date, mussel, grass, &c. ;
the foot dactyl ($ 79, 5).

47

Tdeedalus (-eus) a, um, elegant,
artificial, skilful.

Deedalus, i, myth. architect of the
Cretan Labyrinth.

T deemon, Ónis, w., spirit, evil genius.

Dàhee, arum, a Scythian tribe.

Dalmatee, arum, people of Dal-
matia, the dist. on the eastern
coast of the Adriatic.

dama, ee, C., fallow-deer.

Damascenus, a, um, of. Damascus,
an ancient city of Syria.

damnatio, onis, F., condemnation.

damnaátus, a, um, criminal.

damno, I, (o condemn, sentence,
adjudqge, prosecute.

damnosus, a, um, Aarmful, prodi-
gal, unfortunate.

damnum, i, N., /oss, harm.

dane, |do,] givest?

Danae, es, myth. d. of Acrisius,
mother of Perseus.
Danai, orum, poetic name for the
Greeks, in the siege of Troy.
Danaides, um, the 50 daughters
of Danaus, who slew their hus-
bands in one night.

Danaus, i, myth. founder of Argos,
a colonist from Egypt.

T danista, ee, M., usurer.

Danubius, i, «., the upper Danube.

Daphne, es, myth. d. of Peneus,
loved by Apollo.

t daphne, es, r., bay, laurel.

Daphnis, idis, son of Mercury,
inventor of pastoral verse.

dapis, (S 14, 1, 2), food, feast.

dapsilis, e, bountiful, sumptuous.

Dardanius (F., -nis), Trojan.

Dardanus, i, myth. ancestor of
the royal race of Troy; adj.,
Trojan ; also, a people of Servia.

Darius (eus) i, name of several
kings of Persia, the last being
conq. by Alexander, B.C. 333-

t dasypüs, pódis, C., rabbit, hare.

datàatim, /y giving.

datio, F., giving, surrender.

dator, Oris, M., giver.

dato, 1, /o give away.

Daunus, i, myth. k. of Apulia.

48

de, of, from, during, concerning,
down from, according to, at.
[de-, down, away, utterly.
dea, ee, abus, F., goddess.
dealbo, i, /o whitewash, plaster.
deambulo, 1, (o walk, stroll.
deam o, 1, /o love dearly, be in love.
deartuo, 1, (o dismember.
deascio, 1, (o smoothe over, chouse.
deauratus, a, um, gilded.
debacchor, 1, /o rave out.
debellator, Oris, M., conqueror.
debello, 1, subdue, vanquish, finish
the war, fight out.
débeo, ui, it-, 2, (o owe ; ought, must.
debilis, e, iweak, laine, frail.
debilitas, átis (-tatio, onis), F., in-
firmity, weakness.
debilito, 1, /o weaken, lame, cripple.
debitor, Oris, M., debtor.
debitum, i, N., deb.
deblatero, r, babbie, prae.
decanto, I, chant, repea!, cease.
decanus, i, M., chief of ten.
decaulesco, 3, grow to stall.
decedo, cessi, cess-, 3, (o depart,
cease, disappear, yield, die.
decem, :en.
December, bris, M., December.
decempedia, ee, F., surveyor's pole,
(ro feet).
decemplex, icis, tenfold.
decemviràalis, e, of (^ decemvirs.
decemviri, orum, M., Board of ten;
the Commission which prepared
the XII. Tables, B.C. 450.
decennis (-àlis), e, of ten years.
decens, tis, decent, becoming.
decentia, ee, F., comeliness, decency.
deceptus, | decipio,] deceived.
decerno, crevi, cret-. 5, (o decree,
determine, resolve, contend.
decerpo, psi, pt-, [carpo,] 3, pluck
off, crop, gather, enjoy.
decerto, 1, contend, strive.
decessio, Onis, F.; -sus, üs, M,
departure, disappearing, decrease.
decet, decuit, 2, i/ is fi/, becoming.
decido, cidi, 5, /o fall, fail, die.
decido, cidi, cis-, 3, cu/ off, decide.
déciduus, a, um, falling off.

"

de — decuria.

deciduus, a, um, /opped, cut off.

decies (ens), (en tünes.

deci-(decu-)mànus, a, um, of the
tenth, tithes, &c. ; porta, the main
entrance (of camp); limes, eas:-
and-west line.

decimus (umus), a, um, tenth.

decipio, cepi, cept- [capio,] 3, !o
catch, cheat, deceive, beguile.

decipula, ee, F., snare, trap.

. decisio, Onis, F., decision, setie-

ment, agreement, düninishing.
décisus, | décido,] decided.
déclamatio, onis, F., speaking, loud
talk, declamation, essay.
declamo (-ito), 1, declaüm, bluster.
deciaratio, onis, F., disclosure.
declaro, r1, /o make manifest.
declinatio, onis, F., (urning aside.
declinatus, üs, M., avoidance.
declinis, e, re reating (as tide).
declino, r, bend aside, avoid.
declivis, e, sloping downward.
declivitas, atis, F., declivily.
dé&coctio, onis, :F., boiling down.
decoctor, oris, M., bankrupt.
décoctus, | coquo,] boiled down.
decollo, tr, behead, take from te
neck, rob, deprive.
decolo, r, trick!e away, fail.
decolor, oris, discolored, degenera:e.
decoloro, t, discolor, disfigure.
de-coquo, 3, boil away, waste, fail.
decor, Oris, M., grace, beauty, charin.
decoris, e, adorned, elegant.
decoro, r, «adora, embellish, beautif j.
décortico, 1, to peel, bark.
decorus, a, um, becoming, gracef 4l,
beautiful ; N., fitness, decorum.
decrepitus, a, um, [crepo,] ce-
crepit (noiseless).
décresco, crevi, cret-, 35, diminis?,
decrease, lessen.
deécretorius, a, um, decisive.
decretum i, N., [cerno,] decree.
deculco, r1, trample down.
déecumbo, cubui, 3, fall, lie down.
decumus—decimus, /enth.
decunx, cis, M., Io ounces (v. as).
decüria, see, F., body of 10 men,
class, division.

|

decurio — degredior. 49

decürio, onis, w., captain of ten, |

or of a squadron of cavalry (32).
decürio, 1, divide (by decuriz).
dé-curro, 3, /o run down, advance.
decursio, Onis, F.; -sus, lis, M.,

running down, advance, evolution.
decus, óris, N., ornament, dignity,

honor, glory, charm.
decussis, is, M.,[as,] coin of ro

asses; the mark X.
decusso, I, fo cut erosswise.
décutio, cussi, cuss-, [quatio,] 3,

to beat down or off.
dedecet, cuit, 2, i/ misbecomes.
dedecor, óris, unseenly.
dedecorus, a, um, s/;ameful.
dedecus, óris, N., disgrace, dishonor.
dedicatio, onis, F., consecration.
dedico, r1, dedicate, devote.
dedignor, 1, disdain, refuse.
dedisco, didici, 3, unlearn.
dediticius, a, um, of surrender ;

M., prisoner of war.
deditio, onis, F., surrender.
deditus, a, um, addicted, devoted.

dedo, dedidi, dedit. 3, /o sur-

render, yield, apply, devote.
dedoceo, 2, to unteach.
dedoleo, ui, 2, cease grieving.
dedolo, r1, 4o hew smooth.
dedüco, xi, ct-, 3, (o bring down,

withdraw, conduct, spin out.
deductio, onis, Fr. /eading out,

quarlering (of troops), expulsion.
deductor, oris, M., attendant.
deerro, r, síray away, go astray.
defeeco, 1, clear from dregs, purify.
defatigatio, onis, F., erhaustion.
defatigo, I, (o wear out, exhaust.
defatiscor, 5, languish, get weary.

.defector, oris, M., revolter.

defectus, [deficio,] enfeebled.
defectus, üs, M.; -tio, Onis, F.,
revolt, failure, eclipse.
defendo, di, sum, 3, ward off, de-
fend, maintain, claim, allege.
defensio, onis, F., defence.
defenso (-ito), t, defend, ward off.
defensor, oris, M., averter, defender.
defero, tuli, lat-, 3, (o bear down.
drive, convey, deliver, report

deferve-facio, 35, boil thoroughly.
deferveo, 2 ; -vesco, vi (bui), 3, to
boil thoroughly ; cool down, alla.
defessus, a, um, (tired out.
defetiscor, fessus, 5, (o grow weary.
deficio, feci, fect- | facio,] 3, !o
Jail, remove, desert, cease.
defigo, xi, xum, 3, to set, fir, plant.
defingo, nxi, 5, /o shape, fashion.
definio, 4, to. limit, explain, deter-
mine, fix, finish.
definitio, onis, r., boundary, expla-
nation, definition.
definitus, a, um, distinct, precise.
de-fio, [-ficio,] to fail, cease, lack.
defixus, a, um, [figo, ] fastened.
deflagratio, onis, F., conflagration.
detlagro, 1, (o burn up, destroy.
deflecto, xi, xum, 3, bend, turn off.
defleo, evi, et-, 2, bewail, deplore.
deflexus, üs, M., turning aside.
deflo, 1, !o blow away, or clear.
defloccatus, a, um, ba/dpate.
defloresco, rui, 3, either, decay.
defluo, xi, xum, 3, /o flow down, or
away, vanish, disappear.
defluus, a, um, flowing, falling.
defodio, fodi, foss-, 3, dig, bury.
defore, [desum, ] wi// be wanting.
deformis, e, ugly, misshapen.
deformitas, atis, F., ugliness.
déformo, 1, /o shape out, disfigure.
défossus, [fodio,] dug, buried.
déefraudo, 1, to cheat, defraud.
defrico, cui, -cat (ct-), I, rub hard.
defringo, fregi, fract-, [frango,] 5,
break off, or to pieces.
defrutum, i, N., boiled must (of
grapes).
defugio, fügi, 3, (o shun, withdraw.
defunctus, a, um, finished, quit,
served out, dead.
defundo, fudi, füs-, 5, pour out.
defungor, funct-, 3, fulfil, finish.
degener, eris, base, ignoble.
degenero, r, to degenerate, dishonor.
degero, 3, :o carry off.
déglubo, pt-, 3, (o peel, strip.
dego, degi, [ago,] 3, /o lead, spend.
degravo, 1, weigh down, overpower.
degredior, gress-, 5, (o go down.

50

degusto, 1, /o taste, lap, try.
dehaurio, hausi, haust-, 4, (o skim,
swallow.
dehinc, henceforth, hereupon, next.
dehisco, hivi, 5, (0 jyawn, gape open.
dehonestamentum, i, N., dishonor.
dehonesto, 1, /o dishonor.
dehortor, 1, (o dissuade.
Deianira, ee, wife of Hercules.
Deidamia, ee, mother of Pyrrhus.
dein, /Aen, moreover.
deinceps, (/;ereupon, next.
deinde, /hen, secondly, afterward.
deinsuper, from above.
Deiphobus, i, a son of Priam.
dejectio, onis, F.; -tus, üs, M.,
casting down.
dejectus, |-jicio,] downcast.
d&jero, [juro,] /o swear outright.
dejicio, jeci, ject-, | jacio,] 5, cast
down, drive out, deprive.
dejungo, 3, disjoin, unyoke.
dejüro, r, swear outright.
dejuvo, rt, ewithhold help.
delàabor, laps-, 3, s/ip or fall down.
delacero, 1I, tear to pieces.
delapsus, üs, M., descent.
delasso, I, /o weary out.
delàatio, onis, F., information.
delator, oris, M., accuser, informer.
delectabilis, e, delightful.
delectatio, onis, F., delight, pleas-
ure, amusement.
delecto, r, /o delight, allure.
delectus, [deligo,] cAosen.
delectus, üs, M., choice, levy.
delego, r, depute, assign, ascribe.
delenimentum, i, N., comfort, ca-
ress, charm.
de!enio, 4, :o soothe, charm, win.
déleo, evi, ét-, 2, blot out, destroy.
deietor, Oris, M., destroyer.
Delia, e, Diana (born in Delos).
deliberatio, onis, F., weighing, con-
sidering, consultation.
deliberativus, a, um, deliberative.
deliberatus, a, um, resolved.
delibero, 1, weigh, discuss, resolve.
delibo, r1, taste, cull, lessen.
delibro, 1, /o peel, strip.
delibuo, ui, üt-, 3, besmear, anoint.

degusto — demessus.

delicatus, a, um, dainty, luxurious:

deliciee, arum, r., delight, darling.

delictum, i, N., fuult, crime.

deligo, r, /o bind fast.

deligo, legi, lect-, [1ego,] 3, choose
out, select, send away.

delingo, 5, /o lick up.

delinio, 4, soothe, appease.

delinquo, liqui,lict-, 3, fail, lack,
neglect, transgress, offend.

deliquatio. onis, r., clarifying.

deliquesco, licui, 3, znelt, dissolve.

deliquiee, arum, F., gutters.

deliquium,i, N, /ac£, fault, dropping.
deliquo, 1, sírain, clear, pour of.
deliquus, a, um, wanting, lacking.
deliramentum, i, N., nonsense.
deliratio, onis, r., giddiness, folly.
delirium, i, N., madness.
deliro, 1, (o rave, dote, baulk.
delirus, a, um, crazy, foolish.
delitesco, litui, 5, |lateo,] /ie hid,
lurk, skulk, take refuge.

Delius, a, um, of Delos (Apollo).
Delos, i, r., an I. in the 7Egean,
birthpl. of Apollo and Diana.
Delphi, orum, a town of Phocis,

famous for an oracle of Apollo.
delphin, inis; -nus, i, M., dolphin.
delübrum, i, N., s/rine, temple.
deluctor (-to), 1, /o struggle, ierestle.
delüdo, si sum, 3, deceive, mock,
disappoint, play out.
delumbo, r, (o lame, bend, weaken.
delüsio, onis, F., cheat, deceit.
deluto, 1, bedaub with clay.
demadesco, madui, 3, get wet.
demadidus, a, um, drenched.
1 démagogus, i, M., demagogue.
deémando, 1, commit, intrust.
1 démarchus, i, M., people's ruler.
demens, tis, mad, raving, willess.
démensus, [| metior, | measured out;
N., an allowance, ration.
dementer, /foolishly.
dementia, ee, F., madness, folly.
dementio, 4, (o be mad.
démereo (-eor), ui, 2 ; earn, deserve,
oblige.
demergo, si, sum, 3, (o dive, sink.
d&messus, | démeto,] reaped.

demetior — depositio. - E

demetior, mens-, 4, measure out.
demeto, messui, mess-, 3, /o reap,
mot, cut.
démigrátio, Onis, F., emigration.
deniigro, I, depart, remove, migrate.
deminuo, ui, ut-, 3, /essen.
déminutio, onis, F., decrease, short-
ening, lesseninq.
demiror, t, /o wonder greatly.
demisse, /umbly.
démissio, onis, F., lowering.
demissus, a, um, /ow, downcast.
demitigo, 1, /o soften down.
demitto, misi, miss-, 5, /et orbring
. . down, let go, dismiss.
demo, mpsi, mpt-, 5, (o take away,
withdraw, remove.
T democraátia, ee, F. , democracy.
demolior, 4 remove, demolish.
demolitio, onis, F., destruction.
demonstratio, onis, F., à. pointing
ot, exhibition, proof.
demonstrativus, a, um, /laudatory.
demonstro, I, s/;o: forth, designate.
demordeo, mors- 2, to bite off.
demorior, mortuus, 3, die, depart.
demoror, 1, delay, linger, restrain.
Demosthenes, is, the Athenian
orator, B.C. 385-322.
démoveo, movi, móot-,2, put forth,
force back, remove.
demptus, [d&mo,] put away.
demulceo, mulct-, 2, soothe, stroke.
démum, at length, precisely, indeed,
only, finally.
demuüto, r, (o change, make worse.
denarius, a, um, of (en; M., sum
of 10 asses (16 cents).
denego, r, deny, refuse, reject.
deni, ee, a, ten each, by tens, ten.
denigro, r, besmut, blacken.
denique, tAereupon, finally, in short.
denomino, 1, /o name, specify.
denoto, r1, (o mark, designate.
denormo, 1, /o make irregular.
dens, dentis,
densitas, atis, F., compactness.
denso, àt-, 1 ; -8eo, et-, 2, to thicken,
set close, press together.
densus, a, um, (ick, close, frequent.
dentalia, um, N, pl.. ploughshare.

M., tooth, prong, fluke.

dentatus, a, um, /oothed, spiked.
dentio, 4, to grow, ache (of teeth).
denuübo, psi, pt-, 3, (o be married.
denudo, r, make bare, disclose.
d&nuntiátio, Onis, F., declaring,
affirming, informing.
denuntio (-cio), t, to threaten, an-
nounce.
denuo, again, once more.
deonero, I, disburden.
deorsum (-sus), downward, below.
deosculor, 1, £o kiss fondly.
depaciscor, pact-, 3, bargain for.
depalo, r, bound with palings.
depango, pact-, 5, set, fix, plant.
deparcus, a, um, niggardly.
depasco, pavi, past-, 3, to feed
feed upon, feed down, consume.
depecto, pezx-, 3, to comb, trim.
depecuülor, 1, /o plunder, despoil.
depello, puli, puls-, 3, drive away,
cast down, avert, expel.
dependeo, 3, hang down, depend.
dependo, di, sum, 3, weigh out,
pay, spend, abandon.
deperdo, didi, dit-, 3, destroy, ruin.
depereo, ii, 4, to perish utterly.
depetigo, inis, F., scab.
depexus, | pecto, | combed, trimmed.
depilo, t, pluck the hair.
depingo, nxi, pict-, 3, paint out,
describe, portray, concewe.
deplango, nxi, 3, bewail, lament.
deplanto, 1, break off, plant.
depleo, evi, 2, empty, pour out.
déplexus, a, um, clasping.
deploro, t, bewail, lament, complain.
deptuit, ;/ rains down.
deplumis, e, featherless, callow.
dépolio, it-, 4, (o polish, finish.
depono, posui, posit-, 3, (o [ag
aside, put off, deposit, entrust.
depopulatio, onis, F., pillage.
depopulo (or), 1, (o plunder, devas-
tate, pillage.
deportatio, onis, F., carrying off.
deporto, t, (o carry away, fetch.
deposco, poposci, 3, /o. demand,
require, claim, request.
depositio, onis, F., depositing, put-
ting or laying down, testimony.

52

depositum, i, N., pledge, stake.
depositus, | pono, | /aid out, dying.
depreedor, 1, /o rob, plunder.
depravatio, onis, F., a perverting,
distorting corrupting.
depravo, 1, ío distort, disfigure,
corrupt, pervert, deprave.
deprecatio, onis, F., eníreaty, beg-
ging-off, deprecation.
déprecator, Oris, M., intercessor.
deprecor, 1, (o beg, entreat, plead,
deprecate.
deprehendo (-prendo), di, sum,
3, lo catch, discover, seize, confine.
depressus, a, um, deep, pressed
down, crushed, sunk (as ship).
depretio, 1, (o "indervalue.
deprimo, pressi, press-, [premo,]
3, to bear down, crush, sink.
deprocul, from afar.
depromo, prompsi, prompt-, 5,
to draw forth.
depso, sui, st-, 3, knead, curry.
dépuber, eris; -is, is, of unripeage.
depugno, r1, fight it out, contend.
depulsio, onis, F., thrusting away.
depulsus, [pello,] driven away.
depurgo, àt-, I, /o cleanse.
deputo, t, (hink, reckon, prune.
deque, downward (after susque).
dequestus, [queror,| complaining.
derado, si, sum, 3, shave, scrape.
derelictus, [linquo, | /orsaken.
dérelinquo, liqui, lict-, 5, forsake,
neglect, abandon.
derepente, suddenly.
derepo, psi, 5, /o creep down.
dereptus, |rapio,] snaícAed.
derideo, si , sum, 2, /o laugh at,
scoff, deride.
déridiculus, a, um, very laughable.
derigesco, gui, 5, grow stiff.
deripio, ui, rept-, [rapio,] 5, pluck
down, tear away, cast off.
dérisor, Oris, M., Jester, mocker.
dérisus, [rideo, | mocked.
derisus, üs, M. (-io, F.), derision.
derivatio, onis, F., turning away.
derivo, 1, draw off, convey, divert.
derogatio, onis, F., partial repeal.
derogito, 1, /o ask urgently, or often.

depositum — despero.

dérogo, r1, repeal, restrict, abate.
deruncino, 1, trim, smooth, cheai.
deruo, ui, 3, pull or fall down. :
deruptus, | rumpo,] broken, steep.
desacro, 1, consecrate, dedicate.
deseevio, 4, !o rage furiously.
descendo, di, sum, [scando,] 3,
climb or go down, sink, descend.
descensio, onis, F., descent.
descensus, üs, M., descent, down-
ward way.
descisco, ivi (ii) it-, 3, (o revolt,
alter, depart, get clear.
describo, psi, pt-, 3, write out, de-
scribe, ascribe, mark off, arrange.
descriptio, onis, F., pían, copy.
deseco, cui, ct-, 1, cut off, cut out.
desero, rui, rt-, 5, /o forsake, quit.
désertor, Oris, M., deserter.
desertus, a, um, forsaken, lonely ;
N., aste, desert.
déservio, 4, wait, serve zealously.
déses, idis, s/othful, idle.
desicco, 1, (o dry up.
désideo, sedi, [sedeo, | 2, to sit idle.
desiderabilis, e, desirable.
desideranter, eagerly.
desideratio, onis, F., longing.
desideratus, a, um, «welcome.
desiderium, i, N., longing, regret.
desidero, 1, desire, long for; P., be
missing, wanting.
desidia, ee, F., sloth, idleness.
desidiosus, a, um, slot/ful, idle.
déesido, sedi, 3, to sink, settle.
designatio, onis, F., arrangement.
designator, Oris, M., regulator.
designo, I, assign, appoint, describe.
desilio, ui, sult-, 4, (o leap down.
desino, ivi (ii), it-, 3, cease, desist.
désipio, [sapio,] 5, (ri/le, be foolish.
desisto, stiti, stit-, 3, cease, desist.
desitus, [sino, | ceased, disused.
desolo, 1; to forsake, abandon.
despecto, 1, /ook down on, overlook.
despectus, üs, M., view from above.
desperanter, hopelessly.
desperatio, onis, F., despair.
desperatus, a, um, desperate, hope-
less, incurable.
despero, 1, (o despair, give up hope.

depicatus — devestio. 53

déspicatus, a, um, despised.
déspicio, exi, ect-, 3, /ook down ou,
despise, disdain, shun.
déespicor, 1, despise, disdain.
despoliator, Oris, M., robber.
despolio, 1, to rob, despoil, plunder.
déspondeo, di, sum, 2, (o betroth,
promise, pledge, yield.
despümo, 1, /o skim, clear.
déspuo, 3, spit out, abhor, reject.
desquamo, 1, /o scale, strip, peel.
destillo, r, run by drops, trickle.
destina, ee, F., a stay, prop.
destinatio, Onis, F., design, resolve.
destino, r, determine, intend, re-
solve, make fast, appoint.
destituo, ui, üt-, [status,] 3, !o
place, set, desert, forsake, defraud.
destitütio, onis, F., desertion.
destringo, nxi, ct-, 3, s'rip, scrape
off, unsheathe, graze, censure.
destructio, onis, F., demolition.
déstruo, xi, ct-, 3, destroy, demolish.
desub, below, under, beneath.
desubito, o/ a sudden.
desudo, 1, /o sweat greatly.
desue-facio, 3, /o disuse.
desuesco, evi, et-, 5, disuse, cease.
désuetudo, inis, F., disuse.
desultor, Oris, M., /eaper, vaulter.
désultura, ee, F., /eaping down.
desum, deesse, defui, /o fail, be
wanting or absent.
desümo, sumpsi, mpt-, 3, pick out.
deésuo, 3, /o fasten.
desuper, from above.
désurgo, 35, /o rise up.
detector, Oris, M., discoverer.
détego, xi, ct-, 3, uncover, discover,
expose, lay bare, betray.
detendo, sum, 3, to unstretch, strike
(tents), relax.
detentus, [tineo,] kept back.
detergeo, si , sum, 2, wipe off,
scour, cleanse, strip, break.
deterior, déterrimus, worse, worst.
determino, r, /o fix bounds, limit.
detero, trivi, trit-, 3, /o wear away,
weaken, diminish, thresh out. '
déterreo, ui, it-, 2, (o frighten off,
ac'er, prevent, avert.

detersus, [tergeo,] scoured.

detestatio, Onis, F., averting, exe-
cration, renunciation (of gens).

d&testor, I, to loathe, abhor, depre-
cate, curse solemnly.

detexo, xui, xt-, 3, weave throug gh.

detineo, ui, tent-, 2, linder, check,
engage, detain.

d&-tondeo, 2, to clip, shear.

detono, tonui, 1, (o thunder, cease
raging. '

detorqueo, torsi, tum, 2, to wrest,
twist.

detractio, onis, F., withdrawing.

d&étractor, Oris, M., slanderer.

detraho, xi, ct, 3, draw away,
take from, disparage.

detrecto, r, decline, refuse, detract.

detrimentum, i, N., /oss, damage.

détritus, [tero,] worn away, or out.

detrüdo, si, sum, 3, /o thrust forth,
dislodge, reduce, defer.

detrunco, 1, «utilate, behead.

deturbo, r1, to thrust or cast down.

deturpo, r, defile, deface.

Deucalion, onis, myth. k. of Thes-
saly, in the time of the Deluge.

deunx, cis, eleven twelfths (see as).

deüro, ussi, ust-, 3, /o burn, blast.

deus, i, M., ($ 10, 7), god, divinity.

deutor, üsus, 3, to misuse.

devagor, I, wander.

devasto, 1, /ay waste.

déveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry away ; P.,
go away, descend.

devello, velli, vuls-, 3, pluck off.

develo, 1, /o unveil.

deveneror, 1, /o worship.

devenio, veni, vent-, 4, (0 come
down, arrive, happen.

dévenusto, 1, disfigure.

devergo, 3, bend downward.

deversor, 1, (urn aside, lodge.

deversorius, a, um, for lodgings,
fit for lodging ; N., inn.

deverticulum, i, N., by-path, inn,
lodging, refuge, retreat.

deverto, ti, sum, 3, (urn aside ; P.,
put up, lodge.

devescor, 3, feed upon, devour.

devestio, 4, unclothe.

94 devexus — diffusus.

devexus, a, um, bending or sloping
downwarc. steep.

devictus, a, um, conquered.

deévincio, nxi, nct-, 4, /o bind fast,
unite closely, engage, oblige.

devinctus, a. um, devoted, attached.

devinco, vici, vict-, 5, vanquish.

devito, r, shun, avoid.

devius, a, um, out-of-the-way, re-
tired, inaccessible, foolish.

de&voco, 1, call away or down.

devolo, r, fy down.

devolvo, vi, üt, 5, /o roll or pour
down ; P., to sink, fall.

d&evoro, r, devour, swallow, «aste.

devotio, Onis, F., devoting, conse-
crating.

devoto, r, dedicate, bewitch, invoke.

devotus, a, um, devoted, attached.

devoveo, vovi, vot-, 2, to devote,
vOw, Curse, execrate.

dévulsus, [vello,] p/ucked off.

dextans, tis, M., en twelfths (v. as).

dexter, tra (tera), um, right, fortu-
nate ; F., right hand.

dexteritas, atis, F., apíness, dez-
terity.

dextrorsum (-sus), /o the right.

di (dei, dii), pl. gods, (S 10, 7).

Dia, ee, F., old name of Nazos.

1 diabathrum, i, N., s/ipper.

1 diaconus, i, N., attendant.

1 diadema, atis, diadem.

1 diaetas, ee, F., way of life, abode.

1 dialecticus, a, um, of debate.

Dialis, e, of. Jupiter ; ethereal.

1 dialogus, i, M., dialogue.

Diana, ee, (Gr. Artemis), goddess
of the Moon and of Hunting.
diarium, i N., days record or

allowance ;? pl., wages.
T diatretus, a, um, open-work.
Tdibaphus, a, um, double-dyed
(purple); an office.
dic, imper. of dico, say.
dica, ee, F., lawsuit. (T)
dicacitas, atis, F., pertness, banter.
dicax,acis (-culus), teen, sarcastic.
dicis causa, for forms sake.
dico, t, dedicate, devote, proclaüm.
dico, xi, ct-, 3, say, call, tell, mean.

[dicrotum, i, N. (two-oared or
banked boat.
dictamnus (um), i, M. ; dittany.
dictata, orum, w., lessons, rules.
dictator, Oris, M., Dictator, with
absolute power for six months.
dictatorius, a, um, dicíator's.
dictatüra, ee, F.. dictatorship.
Dicteeus, a, um, Cretan ; of Dicte,
a mountain in Eastern Crete.
dicterium, i, N., est.
dictio, onis, F., speech, delivery.
dictito, 1, /o say or plead often.
dicto, 1, /o say often, dictate, com-
mand, appoint, prescribe.
dictum, i, N., word, saying, jest.
Dido, üs (onis), myth. founder and
queen of Carthage.
dido, dididi, didit-, 5, give forth.
didüco, xi, ct-, 5, draw apart, sepa-
rate, disperse, distribute.
diecula, ee, F., one little day.
dierectus, (uplifted,) go be hanged.
dies, ei (8), day (S 13), daylight.
diespiter, Jupiter.
diffamo, rt, defüme, publish, report.
diffarreatio, Onis, F., divorce.
differentia, ee, F., diversity.
differo, distuli, dilat-, delay, dis-
perse, publish, defame, differ.
differtus, a, um, stuffed, crammed.
difficile, with difficulty.
difficilis, e, difficult, obstinate.
difficultas, atis, F., trouble, distress.
diffidentia, ee, F., distrust.
diffido, fisus, 3, /o distrust.
diffindo, fidi, fiss-, 3, cleave asun-
der, divide, defer.
diffingo, 3, undo, mar, make over.
diffisus, a, um, distrustful.
diffiteor, [fateor,|'2, deny, disavow.
difflo, t, blow away.
difiluo, 5, /low abroad, dissolve.
diffringo, fract-, [frango,] 3, break
apart, shatter.
diffugio, fügi, 3, //ee away, scatter.
diffugium, i, N., dispersion.
diffundo, füdi, füs-, 5, pour forth,
spread, diffuse, cheer, unbend.
diffüsio, onis, F., cheerfulness..
diffusus, a, um, widespread.

digero — dirus. | 55

digero, gessi, gest-, 3, divide, dis-
tribute, arrange, dissolve.

digestio, onis, arrangement.

digitus (-ulus) i, M., finger, toe,
inch, twig, or small bough.

digladior, 1, fight fiercely.

dignanter, courteously.

dignatio, onis, F., holding worthy,
dignity, reputation.

digne, worthily.

dignitas, atis, F., dignity, honor.

dignor, t, hold worthy, deign.

dignosco, 3, !o distinguish, discern.

dignus, a, um, «worthy, fit, proper.

digredior, gressus, [gradior,| 3,
turn aside, depart.

digressio, Onis, F.; -Sus, üs, M.,
departure, separation.

dii, deorum, w. pl., gods.

dijüdico, 1, judge, decide, discern.

dijungo—disjungo, disjoin.

dilabidus, a, um, perishing.

dilàbor, lapsus, 3, slip, fall or melt
away, disperse, decay.

dilacero, 1, fear to pieces.

dilanio, t, lear, mangle.

dilapido, 1, (row away.

dilargior, 4, give lavishly.

dilatio, onis, F., delay.

dilato, 1, ezpand, extend.

dilator, Oris, M., delayer.

dilatus, [differo,] spread abroad.

dilectus, [diligo, | beloved.

diligens tis, a/tentive, diligent.

diligentia, ee, F., diligence, thrift.

diligo, lexi, ct-, 3, (o love, esteem.

dilücesco, luxi, 3, dawn, shine.

dilücidus, a, um, clear, evident.

dilüculum, i, N., daybreak, dawn.

dilüdium, i, N., respite, intermission.

diluo, ui, üt-, 3, /o wash, dissolve,
weaken, dilute, remove.

dilütus, a, um, watered, weakened.

diluvies, ei, F. ; -ium, i, N., flood,
deluge, inundation, destruction.

1 dimachzee, arum, r., dragoons.

dimano, t, flow, spread.

dimetior, mensus, 4, measure out.

dimeéto, r, (o mark or stake out.

dimicàtio, onis, F., contest, strug-
gle, battle, encounter.

dimioo, 1, (o fight, contend.
dimidio, 1, /o halve. |
dimidius, a, um, Aa/f; N., the half.
diminuo, 3, break to pieces.
dimissio, Onis, F., sending forth.
dimitto, misi, miss-, 3, send forth,
let go, disband, abandon.
dimoveo, movi, mot-, 2, put aside,
divide, disperse, dismiss.
Dindymus, i, (-a, orum) a mt. in
Mysia, sacred to Ceres.
dinumerátio, onis, F., reckoning.
dinumero, I, reckon up, count out.
diobolaris, e, worth two farthings.
Diomedes, is, a Greek hero at
the siege of Troy, s. of Tydeus.
Dione, es, mother of Venus.
Dionysius, i tyrant of Syracuse,
B.C. 430-367 ; his son and suc-
cessor; expelled B.C. 344.
Dionysus (o8), i, the Greek name
of Bacchus.
1 diota, ee, F., wine-Jar.
1 diploma, átis, N., official letter.
dipondius (um), i, M., (/vo pounds.
t dipsas, ádis, F., viper.
diradio, 1, spread in rays.
Diree, àrum, F., (he Fries.
Dirce, 6s, F. a fountain near
Thebes; (adj. -ceeus, a, um).
directio, onis, F., straightening.
directo (t8), straight, directlj.
directus, [ dirigo, | straigAt-out, level.
diremptus, [-Ímo,] taken away.
direptio, onis, F., pillage.
direptor, oris, M., robber.
direptus, [-ripio,] snatched.
diribeo, 2, /ay apart, sort (votes).
dirigo, rexi, rect-, [rego,] 3, guide,
straighten, direct, quide, arrange.
dirimo, emi, empt-, [emo,] 3, (o
part, divide, delay, interrupt.
diripio, ui, ept-, [rapio;] 3, plunder,
destroy, tear to pieces.
diritas, atis, F., Jierceness, mis-
fortune, cruelty, mischief.
dirumpo, rüpi, rupt-., 3, break to
pieces, burst asunder.
diruo, ui, üt-, 3, scatter, destroy.
dirus, a, um, fierce, dreadful, ill-
boding; *., pl. evil omens.

96 dis — dissensio.

| dís-, apart, all apart.
Dis, Ditis, a name of Pluto.
dis, ditis, ric, fertile —dives.
discaveo, 2, beware, keep clear.
discedo, cessi, cess-, 3, depart,
forsake, cease, pass away.
disceptatio, onis, F., discussion.
disceptator, Oris, M., umpire.
discepto, 1, dispute, decide, discuss.
discerno, crevi, cret-, 3, distin-
guish, divide, decree.
discerpo, psi, pt-, [carpo,] (o pull
to pieces, scatter, disperse, destroy.
" discessio, Onis, F. ; -ssus, tis, M.,
separation, removal.
discidium, i, N., separation, divorce.
discinctus, a, um, ungirt, slack.
discindo, cidi, ciss-, 3, cut. asun-
der, divide, disperse.
discingo, nxi, nct. 3, to ungird,
cashier, disarm. E.
disciplina, ee, F., discipline, skill,
habit, learning, system.
discipulus, i, M. (a, ee, F.), learner.
discissus, [scindo,] c/cf?.
discludo, si, sum [claudo,] 3,
keep apart, confine, divide.
disco, didici, 35, /earn.
1 discobotlus, i, M., quoit-thrower.
discolor, oris, parti-colored.
discordia, ee, F., variance, strife.
discordo, 1, be at variance.
discors, dis, discordant, harsh.
discrepo, ui, 1, jar, disagree, differ.
discretus, [cerno,] parted.
discrimen, inis, N.,
crisis, peril, division, decision.
discrimino, 1, divide, distinguish.
discrucio, I, /orment; P., be vexed.
discumbo, cubui, cubit-., 5, ;e-
cline (at table), go to bed.
discupio, 3, desire greatly.
discurro, cucurri, curs. 3, run
about, go to and fro, discourse.
discursus, üs, N., running about,
conversation, discourse.
1 discus, i, M., disk, quoit, round dish.
discussio, onis, F., shaking, exami-
nation, discussion.
discutio, cussi, cuss-, [quatio,| 5,
shatter, disperse, frustrate.

difference, -

disertus, | dissero,] /fuent, eloquent.
[disf-—diff-. j
disjicio, jeci, ject- [jacio,] 5, scat-
ter, disperse, destroy.
disjunctio, Onis, F., separation,
opposition, diversity.
disjunctus, a, um, remote.
disjungo, nxi, nct-, 5, unyoke, sep-
ara'e, remove, wean.
dispalor, 1, !o straggle.
dispando, sum, 5, spi'ead, expand.
dispar, paris, unlike, unequal.
disparilis, e, unlike.
disparo, 1, separate, differ.
dispartio—dispertio, 4, divide.
dispello, puli, puls-, 5, drive away,
scatter, disperse.
dispendium, i, N., cost, damage.
dispendo, 5, /o weigh out.
dispensatio, onis, F., management,
charge, superintendence.
dispensator, oris, M., manager.
dispenso, I1, pay out, regulate, ar-
range, dispense.
disperdo, didi, dit-, 5, to waste, de-
stroy, spoil, ruin.
dispereo, ii, 4, to be undone.
dispergo, si, sum [spargo,] 3,
scatter.
dispertio, 4, distribute, divide.
dispesco, 5, !o (divide, separate.
dispessus, [pando,] spread out.
dispicio, spexi, spect-, 3, discern,
perceive, reflect on.
displiceo, ui [placeo,]2, displease.
displodo, [plaudo,] 3, spread out.
dispono, posui, posit. 3, se in
array, distribute, put in order.
dispositio, onis, F., arrangement.
dispositus, a, um «well-ordered.
dispudet, 2, i! shames greatly.
dispulsus, [pello, | dispersed.
dispungo, xi, 3, balance accounts.
disputatio, Onis, F., discussion,
debate, dispute, argument.
disputo, t, dispute, debate, tell.
disquiro, 5, [queero,] search out.
disrumpo—dirumpo, /o break off.
disseco, ui, sect-, 1, cut to pieces.
dissemino, 1, spread abroad.
dissensio, onis, F., disagreement.

dissensus — divexo. 57

dissensus, tis, M., discord.
dissentio, si, sum, 4, disagree, dis-
sent, differ.
dissepio, psi, pt-, 4, to fence o[f-
dissero, sit-, 3, sow, scatter.
dissero, rui, rt-, 3, se/ apart, dis-
course, examine, argue, discuss.
disserto, I, (o discourse, discuss.
dissideo, &di, ess- [sedeo,] 2, dis-
qgree, be apart.
dissidium, i, N., breach, discord.
dissilio, ui, [salio,] 45 leap or jly
apart. i 6^N
dissimilis, e, unlike.
dissimiliter, differently.
dissimilitudo, inis, F., unlikeness.
dissimulanter, clandestinely.
dissimulatio, onis, F., dissembling,
concealing.
dissimulator, Oris M., dissembler.
dissimulo, 1, /o conceal, disguise.
dissipatio, Onis, F., dispersion, ruin.
dissipo, r, scalter, disperse, rout.
dissitus, [sero,] scattered, remote.
dissocio, i, disjoin, estrange.
dissolüte, negligently.
dissolütio, onis, F., dissolving, de-
stroying, ceasing, refutalion, frailty.
' dissolütus, a, um, /oose, careless.
dissolvo, vi, soluüt-, 5, /oosen, pay,
dissolve, destroy, refute.
dissono, t, disagree.
dissonus, a, um, discordant.
dissors, tis, of other fate.
dissuadeo, si, sum, 2, dissuade,
advise against, resist.
dissuasor, Oris, M., opponent.
dissuavior, 1, kiss fondly.
dissulto, r, burst asunder.
dissuo, 3, uns'iteh, part gently.
distabesco, bui, 3, melt away.
disteedet, 2, i! greatly wearies.
distans, tis, differing.
distantia, ee, F., distance, difference.
distendo, di, tum, 3, síretch out,
fill, extend, divide, distract.
distentus, a, um, full ; busy.
distermino, I, to divide.
distero, trivi, 3, bruise, grind.
distinctio, Onis, F., difference, sep-
aration, distinction, ornament.

distinctus, a, um, marked, distinct.

distineo, ui, tent- [teneo,] 2, hold
apart, divide, perplex, detain.

distinguo, nxi, nct-, 3, (o mark,
distinguish, part, diversify, adorn.

disto, 1, be distant or apart, differ.

distorqueo, torsi, tort-, 2, wrench,
twist, torture.

distortio, Onis, F., writhing, twisting.

distortus, a, um, twisted, deformed.

distractio, Onis, F., division, dis-
cord, selling in parcels.

distractus, a, um, divided, per-
plexed.

distraho, xi, ct-, 3, (o draw apart,
divide, perplex, sell in parcels.

distribuo, ui, üt-, 3, deal, distribute.

distributio, onis, F., division.

districtus, a, um, severe, busy.

distringo, nxi, ct-, 3, stretch apart,
restrain, occupy, molest.

disturbo, r, confuse, destroy, thwart.

ditesco, 3, grow rich.

ditio, Onis, F., sway, authority.

ditior, | dis,] richer.

dito, 1, /o enrich.

diu, -tius, -tissime, /ong (in time),
long ago, in the day-tüne.

diurnus, a, um, daily, of a day.

dius—divus, divine.

diutinus, (-turnus), a, um, long-
continue.

diutius, /onger, too long.

diüturnitas, atis, F., /ong duration.

diva, ee, F., goddess.

divalis, e, divine, imperial.

divàarico, I, (o spread asunder.

divello, li, vuls-, 3, rend or pluck
apart, dissolve, destroy.

divendo, dit-, 5, sell in parcels.

diverbero, r, strike apart, divide.

diverbium,i, N., dialogue (of play).

diverse, differ entli Jy.

diversitas, atis, F., difference, con-
tradiction, disagr eement.

diversus, a, um, facing different
ways, unlike, hostile, apart.

diverto, ti, sum, 3, turn aside, sep-
arate, diverge, differ.

dives, itis, rich.

divexo, 1, rend asunder.

58 divi — dubitatio.

divi, orum, pl., gods.
dividia, ee, F., discord, division.
divido, isi, 1s-, 35, divide, distribute,
separate, distinguish, breakthrough.
dividuus, a, um, separate, divisible.
divinatio, Onis, F., divining, pre-
dicting, examination.
divinitas, àtis, F., divinity, divining.
divinitus, providentially, admirably.
. divino, 1, to divine, foretell.
divinus, a, um, divine, prophetic,
inspired, admirable; M., diviner.
divisio, Onis, F., partli!ion, portion.
divisor, Oris, M., divider, election-
eering agent.
divisura, ee, F., clef?, division.
divisus, [divido, ] p«rted.
divitiae, arum, F., riches, wealth.
divortium, i, N.; [verto,] paring
of the ways, divorce.
divulegatus, a, um, «wide-spread.
divulgo, 1I, make public.
divulsus, vello, | t, tor» apart.
divus, a, um, divine; N., the sky;
sub divo, in he open air.
do, dáre, dédi, dátum, 1, give, per-
init, bestow, grant, deliver, tell.
doceo, ui, ct-, 2, teach, tell.
docilis, e, teachable.
docilitas, atis, F., teachableness.
doctor, oris, M., teacher.
doctrina, ee, F., teaching, learning.
doctus, a, um, learmed, skilled.
documentum, i, N., proof, pattern.
Dodona, se, F.,a city in Epirus,

famous for an oracle of Jupiter. -

dodrans, tis, M., 9 ounces; $, (v. as).

1 dogma, átis, N., opinion, decree.

dolàbella, ee, rF., haichet.

dolàabra, ee, F., axe, mattock.

dolens, tis, painful.

dolenter, wil; pain or grief.

doleo, ui, it-, 2, (o grieve, suffer or
ge pain.

dolium, i, N., cast, tub, jar.

dolo, 1, /o hew, cudgel, fashion.

T dolo, onis, w., staff, sting.

Dolopes, um, people of Thessaly.

dolor, Oris, M., pain, grief.

dolosus, a, um, crafty, decitful.

dolus, i, u., deceit, craft, gue.

domator—domitor, amer.
domesticus, a, um, of the house,
familiar ; pl., inmates, servants.
domicilium, i, N., dwelling, abode.
domina, ee, F., inistress, lady.
dominatio, onis, F., lordship, tyr-
ann, dominion, absolute power.
dominatus, üis, M., rule, sovereignty.
dominium, i, N., property, banquet.
dominor, 1, (o rule, be master.
dominus, i, N., lord, master, owner.
domito, 1, /ame, break (as cattle).
domitor, Oris, M.; -trix, 1cis, F.,
tamer, conqueror.
domnus—dominus, n«aster.
domo, ui, it-, r, /o tame, subdue.
domus, üs (i), F., house, home, fam-
i! ($12, 2); domi (ui), at home.
donarium, i, N. /emple, treasure-
chamber, votive gift.
donatio, onis, F., gif, reward.
donativum, i, M., jif?, largess.
donec (donicum), until, while.
dono, 1, /o give, bestow, present.
donum, i, N., gift, votive offering.
1 dorcas, adis, F., gazelle.
Doricus, a, um, poetic for Greek.
Doris, idis, a sea-goddess; the Sea.
dormio, 4, to sleep, be at ease.
dormisco, 35, jo to sleep.
dormito, 1, be sleepy, nod.
dorsum, i, N., back, slope.
dos, dotis, F., dowry, marriage-por-
tion, quality, endowment.
dotalis, e, of. dowry.
dotatus, a, um, well-endowed.
doto, 1, to endow.
1 drachma, ee, F., drachm (coin or
weight, about 16 cents). à
1 draco, Onis, M., dragon.
t dráma, &tis, M., « drama, play.
1 drapeta, ee, M., runaway.
t dromas, adis, w., dromedary.
druides, um (-ee, àárum), w., druids.
drüpa, ee, F., an over-ripe olive.
dryádes, um, r., wood-nymphs.
Dryópes, people of Epirus.
dualis, e, containing fwo.
dubitanter, hesitatingly. ;
dubitatio, onis, F., doubt, hesita-
lion, uncertainty.

dubito — echo. 59

dubito, [duo,] r, to doubt, waver.
dubius, a, um, doubtful, wavering,
perilous ; N., doubt, danger.
duceni, ee, a, two hundred each.
ducenti, ee, a, two hundred.
ducenties (-ens), 200 times.
düco, xi, ct-, 5, lead, guide, con-
struct, reckon, endure, protract,
receive, admit, marry (a. wife).
ductim, 5j draughts.
ductio, onis, F., drawing away.
ducto (-tito), t, /ead, deceive, take
home (marry).
ductor, Oris, M., leader, guide.
ductus, us, M., guidance, outline,
command.
düdum, some time ago.
duellum-—bellum, «war.
duim, pres. subj. of do, give.
dulcedo, inis, E., sweetness, charm.
dulcesco, 3, /0 grow sweet.
dulcis, e, s;weet, pleasant, dear.
dulcitüdo, iuis, F., sweetness.
Duüulichius, a, um, of Ulysses (or
Dulichium, a small va near
Ithaca).
dum, while, until, provided. "
dümetum, i, N., ticket.
dummodo, provided that.
dumosus, a, um, bushy, brambly.
dumtaxat, exactly, only, however,
so far, at least.
dümus, i, M., bush, bramble.
duo, ee, o (S 18, i, 2), two.
duodecies, '/iwelve times.
duodecim, twelve.
duodecimus, a, um, twelfih.
duodeni, ee, a, 12 each, by twelves.
[duode-, minus two, (as in duode-
viceni, -viginti, eighteen).
duplex, icis, double, craft.
duplicarius, a, um, doubly paid.
duplicatio, onis, F., doubling.
duplicitas, atis, F., deceif.
duplico, r, /o double, repeat.
duplus, a, um, fwice as much.
düpondius, of two pounds.
düracinus, a, um, hard-berried.
duramentum, i, N., hardening.
T düurateus, a, um, wooden.
duratio, onis, F., endurance.

duresco, dürui, 3, grow hard.

dureta, ee, F., bath-tub.

duriter, /;ardly, sternly.

duritas, atis, F., Aardness, harsh-
ness.

duritia, ee, F., hardness, cruelty.

duriusculus, a, um, rather hard.

duro, 1, Aarden, inure, endure, stay.

. durus, a, um, hard, stern, rude, cruel.

duumviri, pl. N., board of two,
(on criminal or naval matters).

dux, diícis, M., leader, quide, chief.

1 dyas, ádis, F., the number two.

1 dynamis, is, F., plenty, power.

1 dynastes, ee, M., ruler.

Dyrrachium (Gr. Epidamnus),
Durazzo, on the coast of Epirus.

dyspepsia, ee, F., indigestion.

dyspncea, ee, difficulty of breathing.

E:
e (ex), out of, from.

eà, [is,] by that way.

eapse, [ipse,] herself, same.

eatenus, so far.

Tebenus (um), i, F., ebony.

ebibo, bi, bit-, 3, drink up or out.

ebito, 1, £o go forth.

eblandior, 4, get by flattery.

eboreus, a, um, of ivory.

ebrietas, atis, F., drunkenness.

ebrio, 1, make drunk.

ebriolus, a, um, /ipsy.

ebriosus, a, um, given to drink.

ebrius, a, um, drunk, intoxicated.

ebullio, 4, boil up or away.

ebulus, (um), i, M., dwarf-elder.

ebur, óris, N., ivory.

eburatus, a, um, in/laid with ivory.

eburneus (-nus), a, um, of ivory.

ecastor, by Castor !

ecce, behold ! (also as eccum, ec-
cam, eccillum, &c).

eccere! by Ceres.

T ecciesia, ee, F., assembly, church.

T ecdicus, i, M., solicitor.

ecfero—eftfero, bear off.

f echinus,1, M., /edgehog, burr, bowl.

1 8cho, üs, F., echo.

60 ecloga — egestas.

1 ecloega, ee, F., choice selection.

econtra, on the contrary.

ecquando, whether ever.

ecquis, qua, quid, wether any.

ecquo, wLither.

Tectypus, a, um, copy (in relief).

eculeus, i, M., colt, rack.

edacitas, atis, F., greediness.

edax, acis, [edo,| devouring.

edento, 1, dash out the teeth.

edepol, by Pollux.

edera—hedera, ivy.

edico, xi, ct. 3, declare, publish,
appoint, establish, ordain.

edicto, r, proclaim, publish.

edictum, i, N., ordinance.

edisco, didici, 5, /earn thoroughly.

edissero, rui, rt-, 3; -rto, I, /o set
forth, explain, unfold, relate.

editio, onis, F., giving forth, pub-
lication, exhibition, birth.

editor, Oris, M., producer, exhibiter.

edo, didi, dit-, 3, give forth, pub-
lish, utter, declare, produce.

. edo, (esse, S 37, v.), edi, es-, 5, eat,
devour, squander.

edo, onis, M., glutton.

edoceo, cui, ct-, 3, instruct Or in-
form thoroughly.

edolo, 1, Àew out, polish, prepare.

edomo, ui, it-, r, (o tame, subdue.

Edonus, a, um, 7'racian.

edormio, 4, sleep off, or out.

educatio, onis, F., training, breed-
ing, education.

educator, Oris, M.; -trix, icis, F.,

trainer.
educo, r, educate, train.
edüco, xi ct-, 3, lead or draw
forth, summon, erect, put to sea.
edulis, e, ea/able ; N., pl. food.
edürus, a, um, very hard.
effarcio—effercio, cram.
effatus, [for] pronounced, estab-
lished, determined.
effectio, onis, F.; -tus, üs, M.,
doing, effecting.
effector, Oris, M. ; -trix, tricis, F.,
doer, producer, author.
effeminatus, a, um, womanish.
effemino, 1, /o weaken, effeminate.

effercio, fert-, 1, to stuff, cram.
effero, efferre, extuli, elat-, bear
forth, produce, proclaim, exalt.
effero, 1, make wild or savage.
effertus, [farcio,] stuffed.
efferus, a, um, very wild, savage.
effervo (-esco), fervi, 5, to boil up,
boil over, rage, swarm.
effetus, a, um, Aaving borne or
yielded, exhausted (by bearing).
efficax, acis, efjectual.
efficio, feci, fect-, [facio,] 3, bring
to pass, make, form, yield, prove.
effigies, ei, F., copy, image, portrait.
effingo, nxi, ct-, 3, to form, fashion.
efflagito, 1, demand urgently.
eífflictim, (o death, desperately. *
effligo; xi, ct-, strike down or dead.
efflo, 1, blow or breathe out.
effloresco, rui, 35, (o blossom.
efiluo, xi, 3, /low out, get abroad,
go forth, pass away, disappear.
effluvium, i, N., ou/flow, outlet.
effodio, fodi, foss-, 5, dig or tear
out, dig up.
effcetus—-effetus, exhausted.
effor, t, speak forth, utter.
effractor, Oris, M., burglar.
effrenus (-natus), a, um unbridled.
effringo, fregi, fract-, [frango,] 5,
break out or open.
effugio, fügi, 3, (o /lee, escape, shun.
effugium, i, N., flight, refuge.
effulgeo, si, 2, shine forth, glitter.
effultus, [fulcio,] propped, stayed.
effundo, fudi, füs-, 3, /o pour forth,
shed, let go; P., indulge in.
effüse, far and wide.
effüsio, Onis, F., pouring out, pro-
fusion.
effüsus, a, um, wide-spread, profuse.
effütio, 4, prate, babble.
egelidus, a, um, lukewarm, cold.
egens, tis, needy, lacking.
egenus, a, um, destitute, void, needy.
egeo, ui, 2, !o need, lack, want.
Bgeria, ee, nymph of a grotto near
Rome, wife and counsellor of
Numa.
egero, gessi, gest-, 35, carry forth.
egestas, atis, F., poverty, nee.

egestio — emano. 61

egestio, Onis, F., carrying forth,
emptying, wasting.

ego, mei, mihi, me, /.

egomet, / myself.

egredior, gress-, 3, go forth, mount,
wander, march out, go beyond.

egregie, excellently.

egregius, a, um, [grex] excellent,
eminent, distinguished.

egressus, üs, M., a going forth.

egurgito, I, pour out, squander.

ehem (of joy or suprise), ha!

eheu (of grief or pain), aA /

eho (of command or reproof), o /

eia (eja), ha! ho! come on!

ejaculor, 1, hurl forth.

ejectio, Onis, F., casting out.

ejecto, 1, «o cast forth.

ejero—ejüro, reject.

ejicio, jeci, ject-, [ jacio,] 5, to cast
out, throw forth, run aground.

ejulatio, onis, F.; -tus, üs, M.,
wailing, lamentation.

ejulo, r, to wail, lament.

ejuncidus, a, um, /ean, slender.

ejüro, r, reject, abjure.

ejusmodi, of Aat sort.

elabor, lapsus, 35, s/ip away, escape,
disappear, pass away.

elaboro, t, /ake pains, work out.

elanguesco, gui, 35, slacken, relax.

elate, lofiily, proudly.

elatio, onis, F. Jbearing-out for
burial, uplifting, passion.

elatus, |effero,] proud, lofty.

elavo, lavi, laut- (lot-), 1, wash out.

elecebra, ee, F., allurer.

electilis, e, c/oice, dainty.

electio, onis, F., choice, election.

electo, 1, worm out, select.

Electra, e, d. of Agamemnon.

Telectrum, i, N., amber.

electus, a, um, choice, select.

elegans, tis, fine, elegant, luxurious.

elegantia, ee, F., elegance, grace.

Telegi, orum, w. ; -gia, ee, F., elegy.

elementa, orum, M., elements, rudi-
ments, beginnings.

Telephantinus, a, um, of ivory.

telephas, antis; -phantus, i, M.,
elephant, ivory.

Bleusinus, a, um, of Eleusis, a
town of Attica, famous for the
mysteries of Ceres.

elevatio, onis, F., disparaging.

elevo, t, lif? up, lighten, impair.

elices, um, M., í(rench, drain.
elicio, licui (lexi) licit-, 3, draw

out, allure, entice, call forth.
elido, si, sum, 3, dash out, crush.
eligo, legi, lect-, [lego,] 3, select.
elimino, àt-, t, turn out of doors.
elimo, 1, to polish, finish.

elinguis, e, dumb, mute.

eliquo, 1, strain, pour, melt.

Hlis, idis, F., the W. district of
Peloponesus.

Eleus, a, um, of Elis, or Olympia.

elisio, onis, F., siriking out.

Hlissa, ee, a name of Dido.

elisus, [elido,] crushed, forced out.

elixus, a, um, boiled, soaked.

T ellychnium, i, N.. /amp-wick.

eloco, t, hire or let out.

elocutio, Onis, F., oratory.

elogium, i, N., mazün, clause.

eloquens, tis, eloquent.

eloquentia, &, F. ; -quium, i, N.,
eloquence.

eloquor, cüt-, 3, speak out, declare.

elüceo, xi, 2, shine forih, come to
light.

eiuctor, 1, to struggle out, win.

elücubro, 1, compose laboriously.

elüdo, si, sum, 3, wash out, win (at
play), parry, delude, mock.

elugeo, xi, 2, (o mourn the full time.

elumbis, e, weak in the back.

eluo, ui, üt-, 3, wash off, get rid of.

elutus, a, um, insipid, waltery.

elutrio, r, wash out, draw off.
eluvio, onis; -ies, em, e, F., washing
off, overflow, chasm.

Elysium, i, N. the abode of the
blest in the world below.

emacio, àt-, r, make lean.

emaculo, 1, clear of stains.
emancipatio, Onis, F., release (of
a son from the father's power).
emancipo, I, emancipate, transfer.
e-mianeo, 2, síay outside, overstag.
emano, t, //ow out, spread.

62 "^. Emathia — enubo.

Emathia, ee, poetic for Macedonia
or Thessaly.
emax, acis, eager to buy.
temblema, atis, N., inlaid work.
1embolium, i, N., interlude.
emendatio, onis, correction.
emendaàtor, Oris, M., amender.
emendatus, a, um, fauliless.
é&mendioo, 1, jet bj begging.
emendo, 1, (o correct, improve.
emensus, | metior, | /(raversed.
ementior, 4, utter falsely, prelend.
emercor, 1, /o purchase, bribe.
emereo, ui, it-, (-Or) 2, /o earn,
win, serve out one's term.
emergo, si, sum, 3, bring or come
to light, rise, emerge, get clear.
emeritus, a, um, worn out.
emersus, üs, M., an emerging.
emetior, 4, measure out, traverse.
emeto, 3, mow down.
emioco, ui, I, spring or show forth.
emigro, 1, depart, remove.
eminatio, Onis, F., //;reat.
eminens, tis, prominent, lofty.
eminentia, ee, F., prominence.
emineo, ui, 2, stand forth, extend.
eminor, 1, declare with thréats.
eminulus, a, um, projecting.
eminus, at a distance.
emiror, Ir, be amazed, wonder at.
emissarium, i, N., drain, oullet.
emissarius, i, M., scout, spy, shoot.
emissio, onis, F., sending-forth.
emitto, misi, miss-, 3, send forth,
cast away, let qo, release.
emo, emi, empt., 3, /o buy, get.
emolior, 4, bring out, stir up.
emollio, 4, soften, weaken.
emolo, it-, 3, grind up.
emolumentum, i, N., effort, gain.
emoneo, ui, it-, 2, admonish.
emorior, mortuus, 3, die, perish.
emoveo, movi, mot.-, 2, remove,
push out, shake, rack.
emplastro, 1, to bud, graft.
emplastrum, i, N., bark, plaster.
T emporium, i, N., market.
empticius, a, um, boughten.
emptio, onis, F., purchase.
emptor, Oris, M. ; -trix, F., buyer.

emptus, [emo,] bought.

emulgeo, sum, 2, drain, exhaust.

emunctus, a, um, cleaned out.

emundo, I, clean thoroughly.

emungo, nxi, nct-, 5, /o clean out.

emuünio, 4, fortifj, protect, furnish.

en! behold ! come!

enarràbilis, e, explainable.

enarro, I, tell, declare, interpret.

enascor, nát- 3, spring Or sprout
up, be born.

enato, I, sicim away.

enavatus, a, um, performed.

enavigo, I, sail away, or over.

] encaustus, a, um, burnt-in.

Enceladus, i, a giant buried under
Mount Etna.

Tencytus, i, M., cake, pastry.

[endo-—indu- or in- (im-).

t endromis, idis, F., coarse cloak.

Endymion, onis, myth. prince of
Caria, loved by Diana.

eneco, cui, ct- (càt-), 1, to kill, ex-
haust, torment.

enectus, a, um, Killed.

enervis, e, nerveless, weak.

enervo, I, unnerve, weaken.

enico — eneco, Kill.

enim, for, surely, for instance.

Enipeus, i, M., a river of Thessaly.

eniteo, 2 ; -esco, tui, 2, s/iine forth.

enitor, nis- (nix-), 3, to strive, climb,
bring forth.

enixe (im), strenuously.

enixus, a, um, in earnest, having
given. birth, toiling, striving.

Enna, e, F. a town of Sicily,
where Proserpine was stolen.

Ennius, i the earliest Roman
poet, B.C. 239-169.

eno, I, swim away, traverse Or es-
cape by swimming.

enodate, clearly, plainly.

enodis, e, [nodus,] smooth, clear.

&nodo, 1, to free from knots, explain.

enormis, e, irregular, immense.

énotesco, tui, 3, become known.

enoto, r1, (o mark, note.

ensis, is, M., sword, blade.

énübo, psi, 3, marry out of one's
rank or home.

enueleatus — erodo. : 63

enucleatus, a, um, clear, pure.

enucleo, i, clear from husk or
kernel, explain.

enumeratio, Onis, F., numbering.

enumero, I, count, reckon.

enuncio (tio), 1, declare, report.

enutrio, 4, nurture, support.

eo, ire, 1vi, Itum (3 37, vi), o, pass.

eO (abl.), as, by so much.

eo, thither ; eodem, the-same way.

1 Bos, F., dawn, East.

T 60us, a, um, of morning ; eastern.

Epaminondas, ee, a, Theban gen-
eral slain at Mantinea, n.c., 362.

T ephebus, i, M., a youth (18 to 20).

Tephemeris, idis, F., diary.

Bphesius, a, um, of Ephesus, a
city of lonia; or of Jana,
whose chief temple was there.

Ttephippium, i, N., horse-cloth, sad-
dle, housing, caparison.

Tephorus, i, «., a Spartan magis- .

trate, of a board of five.
Ephyreius, (-eeus), a, um, of EpA-
yra (e), or Corinth.
T epibata, ae, M., a marine.
Tepichysis, is, F., pitcher.
Tepicopus, a, um, with oars.
Tepicrocum, i, N., (iin, transparent.
Epidaurus, i, F., a city of Argolis.
Tepigramma, tis, N., an inscription,
epigram.
Tepilogus, i, M., conclusion.
Epirus (os), i F. (mainland) the
N. W. district of Greece.
T episcopus, i, N., overseer.
T epistola (ula), ee, F., letter.
1epistomium, i, M., cork, bung.
Tepitaphium, i, N., funeral oration.
Tepithalamium, i, N., nuptial song.
Tepitheca,; ee, increase.
Tepityrum, i, N., olive-conserve.
1epodos, i, M., alternate verse.
tepops, ópis, M., hoopoe (bird).
t epos, N., an heroic poem.
epoto, àvi, pot-, I, drink off or up.
epulàris, e, of banquets.
epulo, Onis, M., quest at feasts.
epulor, 1, /o feast, eat, banquet.
epulum, i, N. ; pl, epulee, arum, F.,
banquet, religious feast.

equa, ee, F. (d. pl., abus), mare.

equarius, a, um, of horses, M., groom.

eques, itis, M., horseman ; pl. cav-
alry ; knights (a Roman order).

equester, tris. e, of the cavalry or
knights, equestrian.

equidem, indeed, no doubt.

equile, is, N., Lorse-stall.

equinus, a, um, of horses.

equiso, onis, M., groom, hostler.

equitatus, us, M., cavalry.

equito, I, (o ride, bestride.

equuleus, i, M., colt, rack.

equus (ecus), i, M., horse.

era—hera, mistress.

eradicitus, root-and-branch.

eradico, I, root out, wear out.

erado, si, sum, 3, scrape off, erase.

Erato, rF., the lyric Muse.

TBrebus, i, w., Darkness, (name of
the lower world).

Erechtheus, i, niyth. k. of Athens.

erctum—herctum, inheritance.

erecte, boldly.

erectus, [erigo,] uprigAt, lofy.

erepo, psi, 3, creep away.

ereptio, Onis, F., seizure.

ereptor, Oris, M., plunderer.

ereptus, [éripio,] snatched.

Eretria, ee, a city of Euboea.

erga, /owards, opposite. ;

ergastulum, i, N., Àorkhouse, prison.

ergo, therefore (S 43, 5), then.

T erice, es, F., heath, broom.

Erichthonius,i, myth. k. of Athens,
son of Vulcan ; also a king of
Troy, son of Dardanus.

ericius, i, M., /edgehog, abattis.

Eridanus, i, M., the river Po, in
North Italy.

erigo, rexi, rect-, 3, (o set up, rouse,
cheer, excite.

,erilis—herilis, of (he master.

Erigone, es, myth. d. of Icarius,
changed to the constell. Virgo.

T Erinnys, yos, F., a Fury.

Eriphyla, e (8, 8s), myth. d. of
Talaus, wife of Amphiaraus.

eripio, ui, rept-, [rapio,] 3, snatch
away, set free.

erodo, si, sum, 35, eat or gnaw away.

64

érogatio, onis, F., paying-out.
erogo, I, pay out, spend.

erosio, onis, F., | rodo,] eating away.
errabundus, a, um, wandering.

erráticus, a, um, rambling. -

erro, I, wander, roam, err, stray.

erro, Onis, M., wanderer, vagrant.

error, Oris, M., wandering, error.

erubesco, bui, 3, /o redden, blush.

erüca, ae, F., canker-worm, cater-
pillar, cabbage.

eructo, 1, belch, cast off.

eructus, a, um, impure, bad.

erüdero, at,- r, /o clear of rubbish.

erudio, 4, train, polish.

eruditio, onis, F., learning.

eruditus, a, um, educated, skilled.

erügo, I, snoothe from wrinkles.

erumpo, tüpi, rupt-, 5, burst forth.

eruo, ui, ut-, 5, pluck, draw or cast
out, overthrow, destroy.

eruptio, Onis, F., bursting-out.

erus—herus, master.

ervum, i, N., «wild pea, or vetch.

Erycus, a, um, of Eryz, or Venus.

Erymanthus, i, mts. of Arcadia.

Erythreus, a, um, of Jrythre, a
city of Boeotia ; also, of Eirythras,
myth. king of S. Arabia.

Eryx, ycis, V., son of Venus; a
mountain of W. Sicily.

esca, ee, F., food, bail.

escalis, e; -arius, a, um, of food.

escendo, di, sum, [scando,] 3, to
climb, mount.

escit, escunt, fut. of sum, /o be.

esculentus, a, um, /// for food.

esculus—eesculus, oak.

esito, r, [edo,] to eat ofien.

Tesox, ócis, w., pike, pikerel.

Esquiliee, arum, F., ahill of Rome.

essedum, i, N., war-chariot.

estrix, icis, F., glulton.

estur—-editur, pr. pass. of edo, eat.

esurialis, e, of hunger.

esurio, it-, 4, (o be hungry.

esurio, onis, M., glutton.

esus, [edo,] eaten.

et, and, also, even; et.
(and.

etenim, for, truly, since ($ 43, 11).

. et, both

erogatio — evergo.

Tetesie, arum, M., summer trade-
winds, through the dog-days.
etiam, even, also, 3es, yet, indeed.
etiamnum, (i// now, also, still.
etiamsi, even f, although.
etiam tum, (/i// then, even then, still.
Etruria, ee, W. Italy, N. of Rome.
etsi, even if, although.
T etymon, i, N.. root (of a word).
teu, euge, well ! well done !
Euboea, ee, F., a large island near
the coast, N. of Athens.
T eugeneus, (-1us), a, um, well-born.
1 EHumenides, um, r., (gracious), a
name for the Furies.
Teunüchus, i, M.. eunuch.
EBuphràtes, is, M., the chief river
of Syria.
Teuripus,i, M., channel, strait, canal.
Europa, ee (6, es), Europe; myth.
d. of Agenor, loved by Jupiter.
EBurotas, ee, M., a river of Laconia.
Teurus, i, M., the South-east wind.
Burydice, es, wife of Orpheus.
EBurystheus,i, myth. k. of Mycenae.
Buterpe, es, the muse of Music.
Teuxinus, a, um, (h^ospitable)epithet
of the Black Sea (/uxine).
evacuo, 1, to empty, make void.
Evadne, es, wife of Capaneus.
evado, si, sum, 35, go forth, turn
out, pass over.
evagor, I, wander forth, extend.
evalesco, valui, 5, grow strong.
evallo, 35, to hull, winnow, cast out.
Evander, dri myth. colonist of
Rome, from Arcadia.
evanesco, ui, 3, vanish, disappear.
evanidus, a, um, vanishing.
evanno, 3, (o winnow.
evans, tis.crying Evan ! (Bacchus).
evasto, I, /ay Moda devastate.
&vax! hurrah !
eveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry or lead out.
evello, velli, vuls-, 5, pluck away.
evenio, veni, vent-, 4, come forth,
happen, result.
eventum, i, N.; -tus, Us, M., event,
consequence, result.
everbero, 1, beat, slap, flap, stir.
evergo, 3, pour forth.

everriculum — excitus. 65

everriculum, i, N., drag-net.
everro, verri, vers-, 3, sweep out.
eversio, onis, F., overthrow, ruin.
eversor, Oris, M., destroyer.
eversus, a, um, overthrown.
everto, ti, sum, 35, expel, overthrow.
evictus, | vinco, | vanquished.
evidens, tis, manifest, plain, clear.
evidentia, ae, F., distinctness.
evigilo, 1, wake up, watch, elaborate.
evilesco, lui, 3, grow worthless.
evincio, nxi, nct- 4, bind up, wind.
evinco, vici, vict-, 3, (o vanquish,
subdue, prevail.
eviro, I, (o unman.
eviscero, 1, disembowel.
evito, I, avoid ; put to death.
Evius, i, a name of Bacchus.
evocatio, onis, F., summons, call.
evoco, 1, /o call forth, summon.
evoe, a joyous cry (of bacchanals).
evolo, 1, //j or spring out, ascend.
evolütio, onis, F., unrolling, reading.
evolvo, vi, üt-, 5, unroll, unfold.
evomo, ui, it-, 5, disgorge.
evulgo, t, publish, divulge.
evulsio, onis, F., pulling-out.
evulsus, [evello, | plucked off or out.
ex—e, out of, from, after, forth from.
[ex-, out, utterly, very.
exacerbo, t, enbitter.
exacte, exactli y, precisely.
exactio, onis, F., driving-out.
exactor, Oris, M., expeller, collector.
exactus, [exigo,] driven out.
exacuo, ui, üt-, 3, sharpen, inflame.
exadversum, over against.

exeedifico, 1, build, construct, finish.

exeequo, 1, level, equalize.
exeestuo, I, boil up, ferment, glow.
exaggeratio, onis, F., leaping up.
exaggero, I, /o heap up, enlarge.
exagito, I, stir up, rouse, disturb.
1exagosga, ee, F., exportation.
exalbesco, bui, 3, turn white, or
pale with fear.
exalto, 1, raise, heighten, deepen.
examen, inis, N., swarm, crowd.
examinatio, onis, F., balancing.
examino, I, weigh, ponder, swarm.
examussim, ezactly.

exanclo, I, draw out, endure.

exanimatio, Onis, F., suffocation,
fright, breathlessness.

exanimis, e; us, a, um, /;fzless, dead.

exanimo, I, deprive of life or breath.

exardesco, arsi, ars-, 5, (o kindle,
blaze out.

exaresco, arui, 5, (o dry up.

exarmo, I, disarm, weaken.

exaro, I, plough up, till, inscribe.

exaspero, I, roughen, sharpen.

exauctoro, I, discharge, cashier.

exaudio, 4, ^ear from afar, listen.

exaugeo, 2, enlarge greatly.

exauspico, I, /ake augury.

exceeco, r, müke blind.

excalceo, 1, deprive of shoes.

eéxoandesco, dui, 5, &indle, glow.

excavo, I, /o hollow out.

excedo, cessi, Cess-, 5, to go forth
or beyond, die.

excellens, tis, /ofty, eminent.

excellentia, ee, F., superiority.

excello, ui, sum, 3, raise up, excel.

excelsus, a, um, /ofty.

exceptio, onis, F., exception.

excepto, 1, catch up, snuff up.

exceptor, Oris, M., scribe, reporter.

exceptus, [-cipio,| caught.

excerno, crevi, cret-, I, sifi out,
cleanse, discharge.

excerpo, psi, pt-, [carpo,] 3, pick
out, select, except.

excessus, üs, M., standing-out, de-
parture, projection.

excetra, e, F., snake.

excidium, i, N.; -cidio, onis, F.,
downfall, overthrow, destruction.

excido, cidi, [cado,] 3, /o fall out,
escape, perish, pass away.

excido, idi, 1s-, [ceedo,] 3, (o cut
off, cut down, destroy.

excieo, civi (cii), ciít-, 2; -cio, 4,
call forth, summon, stir up, terrify,
excite.

excipio, cepi, cept-, [capio,] 3, (o
take out or up, catch, follow.

excisus, [excido,] cut off or out.

excitatus, a, um, animated, strong.

excito, I, raise, rouse, excite, kindle.

excitus, [excio,] roused.

66

exclamatio, onis, F., outcry.
exclamo, 1, /o cry aloud.
exclüdo, si, sum, [claudo,] 5, to
shut out, exclude, prevent.
exclüsio, onis, F., exclusion.
excoctus, [coquo, | cooked.
excogitàátio, Onis, F., /nvention.
excogito, 1, think out, devise, con-
trive. |
excolo, colui, cult. 3, cullivate,
improve, adorn, honor.
excoquo, xi, ct-, 5, boil out, roast.
excors, cordis, brainless.
excrementum,i, N., sif/ings, refuse.
excresco, evi, et. 5, grow out or
big, rise up, grow. *
excrétus, [cerno, ]sif?ed, culled out ;
[cresco,] full-grown. |
excrucio, I, forture, torment, extort.
excubiee, arum, F., night-guard.
excubitor, oris, M., watchman.
excubo, ui, it-, 3, /ie out of doors,
watch, keep guard.
excüdo, di, sum, 3, /o strike out,
hatch, forge out.
exculoo, 1, /read out, trample.
excultus, [colo,] emproved.
excüratus, a, um, well cared for.
ex-curro, 3, run out, extend, spread.
excursio, Onis, F.; -sus, üs, M.,
running-out, onset, digression.
excusatio, F., excuse.
excüso, I, /o excuse, plead.
excussus, a, um, síretched out, stiff.
excüsus, | cudo, | struck out, forged.
excutio, 5, shake off or out, search.
[exe—exse-.
exedo, edi, es-, 3, consume, corrode,
destroy.
Texedra, ee, F., hall for discourse.
exemplar, aris, N., model, copy.

exemplum, i, M. image, example,

copi, manner, sort.
exemptus, [-imo,] taken out.
Texentero, rt, disembowel, empty.
exeo, ii (1vi), It-, 4, go forth, expire.
exerceo, cui, cit-, 2, drive forward,
employ, exercise.
exercitàtio, F., practice, exercise.
exercitatus, a, um, /(rained, prac-
tised, agitated, troubled.

exclamatio — exoletus.

exercitio, onis, F., management.
exercito, I, practise frequently.
exercitor, Oris, M., (rainer.
exercitus, us, M., host, army.
exesus, [edo,] consumed.
exhalatio, F., vapor, exhalation.
exhalo, r1, breathe forth, evaporate.
exhaurio, hausi, haust-, 4, draw,
drain, empty, remove, exhaust.
exheredo, i, disinherit.
exheres, edis, disinherited.
exhibeo, ui, it-, 2, hold forth, dis-
play, sustain, maintain.
exhibitio, onis, F., delivery, main-
tenance.
exhilaro, r, gladden, refresh.
exhinc, /ereupon.
exhorreo, 2; -esco, ui, 3, dread
extremely, shudder at.
exhortatio, Onis, F., encourage-
ment, exhortation.
exhortor, 1, (0 cheer, exhort.
exigo, egi, act-, [ago,] 3, drive out,
exact, demand, finish.
exiguitas, atis, F., scantiness.
exiguus, a, um, litile, scanty, brief.
exilis, e, (iin, meagre, feeble.
exilitas, atis, F., slenderness.
exilium—exsilium, ez//e.
eximius, a, um, select, excellent.
eximo, emi, empt-, [emo,] 3, take
oul, release, remove, consume.
exin, thereupon.
exinanio, 4, (o empty, exhaust.
exinde, /hence, thereafter.
existimatio, F., judgment, opinion,
reputation.
existimo (-umo), 1, /o judge, think.
existo—exsisto, s/and forth.
exitiabilis (-alis), e; -osus, a, um,
deadly, pernicious.
exitium, i, N., going-forth, destruc-
tion, ruin, mischief.
exitus, | exeo, | past.
exitus, üs, M., going-out, end, death.
exlex, legis, out of the law, lawless.
exoculo, t, destroy the eyes.

T exodium, i, N., after-piece, end.
exolesco, evi, et-, 3, (o grow up,
stop growing, cease, disappear.
exolétus, a, um, mature, dissolute.

s . . exonero — exprimo. 67

exonero, 1, disburden, discharge.
exoptátus, a, um, longed-for.
exopto, I, to desire earnestly.
exoràbilis, e, cas) io be entreated.
exorbito, 1, go astray, deviate.
exordior, orsus, 4, /(ay ihe warp,
begin.
exordium, i, N., beginning, warp,
introduciion, treatise.
exorior, ortus, I, arise, spring up.
exornatio, F., embellishunent.
exorno, I, adorn, equip, supply.
exoro, 1, gain by entreaty.
exorsus, |ordior,| begun; N., be-
ging.
exorsus, us, M., beginning.
exortivus, a, um, of rising, eastern.
exortus, üs, M., rising (of sun).
exos, ossis, boneless, pliant.
exosculor, I, &iss fondly, admire.
exosso, I, deprive of bones or teeth.
1 exostra, ee, F., slage-machinery.
exosus, a, um, Aating, hateful.
Texoticus, a, um, outlandish.
expallesco, ui, 3, (urn pale, dread.
expalliatus, a, um, uncloaked.
expallidus, a, um, very pale, wan.
expalpo (or), t, get by coaxing.
expando, di, pass- (pans-), 3, !o
spread forth, expand.
expapillatus, a, um, bare-breasted.
expavesco, pavi, 3, fear greatly.
expectoro, 1, drive from the breast.
expedio, 4, bring out, release, set
forth, arrange.
expedit, i( is useful, or expedient.
expedite, readily, promptly.
expeditio, F., excursion, discussion.
expeditus, a, um, disengaged, light-
armed, without baggage, handy.
expello, puli, puls-, 3, /hrust out
Or q:way, reject.
expendo, di, sum, 3, weigh out,
measure, pay, charge, estimate.
experge-facio, 3, rouse, stir, excite.
expergiscor, perrectus, 3, awake.
expergo, gi, git-, 3, arouse, waken.
experientia, ee, F., (rial, experience.
experimentum, i, N., (rial, proof.
experior, expertus-, 4, /o fry, test.
expertus, a, um, íried, skilled.

expers, tis, [ pars, | having no share.
expetesso (-isso), 5, long for.
expeto, ivi (ii), it-, 3, secl, contrive,
desire, aspu'e for, attain.
expiátio, F., erpiation, atonement.
expilatio, onis, F., plunder, pillage.
expilaátor, Oris, M., pillager.
expilo, I, rob, plunder.
expingo, pinxi, pict-, 3, /o paint,
depict, describe.
expio, I, expiate, atone.
expiscor, I, fish out, search.
explanatio, onis, F., making clear,
explanation, distinctness.
explano, 1, /aiten, make clear.
expleo, evi, et-, 2, fill up, fulfil.
expletus, a, um, complete, filled up.
explicatio, F., uncoiling, explaining.
explicatus, a, um, spread-oult, clear.
explicitus, a, um, clear, easy.
explico, avi (ui), at- (it-), 1, to un-
fold, arrange, clear up.
explodo, si sum (plaudo), 3, !o
hoot off, drive away.
explorate, wilh certainty.
exploratio, F., searching, exploring.
explorator, Oris, M. examiner,
searcher, scout.
exploratus, a, um, established, sure.
exploro, 1, (o search, examine, re-
connoitre, test, prove.
explosio, onis, F., Aooting-off.
explosus, |-plodo,]| driven off.
expolio, 4, to polish, refine, adorn.
expolitio, F., polishing, refinement.
expolitus, a, um, neat, refined.
expono, posui, posit-, 5, se/ forth,
offer, expose, explain.
exporrigo, rexi, rect-, 3, spread
out, smoothen.
exportàtio, F., ezport, banishment.
exporto, 1, carry forth or away.
exposco, poposci, 3, ask, require.
expositio, F., ezposing, ezpounding.
expostulatio, onis, F., complaint.
expostulo, 1, demand, complain.
expressé (-sim), distinctly, strongly.
expressus, | -primo, | clear, distinct.
exprétus, [spretus, | spurned.
exprimo, pressi, press-, [premo,]
3, press or force out, represent.

68

exprobraátio, F., upbraiding, blame.
exprobo, i1, /o reproach, upbraid.
expromo, mpsi, mpt-, 3, (ake out,
exhibit, display, declare.
expugnaàbilis, e, /iable to capture.
expugnatio, F., s/orming, capture.
expugnator, M., conqueror, taker.
expugnax, acis, subduing.
expugno, 1, /o take by assault, sub-
due, extort, effect.
expulsio, onis, F., expulsion.
expulso, I, drive out, expel.
expulsus, [pello,] driven out.
expungo, nxi, nct. 35, prick out,
erase, fulfil, adjust (accounts).
expurgatio, F., justification.
expurgo, I, cleanse, vindicate.
expütesco, 3, putrify.
exputo, I, prune, examine.
exquiro, sivi, sit-, | queero, | 3, asc,
search ou!, inquire.
exquisite, accurately.
exquisitus, a, um, choice, excellent.
exseevio, 4, spend one's rage.
exsanguis, e, //oodless, pale, weak.
exsarcio, sart-, 4, patch up, mend.
exsatio (-saturo), t, glut, satisfy.
exscendo-—-escendo, «scend.
exscindo, idi, iss-, 5, /o extirpate.
exscribo, psi, pt-, 3, wrile out, copy.
exsculpo, psi, pt-, 3, dig out, erase.
exseco, cui, ct-, I, cu/ out or off.
exsecrabilis, e, cursing, accursed.
exsecratio, F., solemn oath, curse.
exsecratus, a, um, detestable.
exsecror, I, curse, swear solemnly.
exsectio, F., cu/ting out.
exsectus, |seco,] cut out.
exsecutio, F., fu/filment, discussion.
exsecuütor, Oris, M., performer, exe-
culer, prosecuter.
exsequens, tis, studious of.
exsequie, arum, F. [sequor,]
funeral rites, procession, obsequies.
exsequor, cutus, 5, follow out, pur-
sue, accomplish, relate, avenge. .
exsero, rui, rt-, 5, (rust forth, dis-
play, protrude.
exsertus, a, um, open, conspicuous.
exserto, I, síreich forth.
exsibilo, 1, /o /iss away.

exprobratio — exta. .

exsicco, I, dri wp, parch.
exsigno, I, write out, record.
exsilio, ui, 4, leap forth, spring up.
exsilium, i, N., exile, retreat.
exsisto, stiti, stit-, 3, come or
stand forth, exist.
exsolvo, vi, üt-, 3, unbind, dis-
charge, get clear, throw aside.
exsomnis, e, s/eepless, watchful.
exsorbeo, ui, 2, swallow up, drain,
exhaust.
exsors, tis, wilhout part or lot.
exspatior, I, expand, digress.
exspectatio, Onis, F., awaiting.
exspectatus, a, um, /onged for.
exspecto, I, ail for, anticipate.
exspergo, Spers-, 5, sprinkle, scatter.
exspes, hopeless.
exspiro, I, breathe out, blow or rush
forth, expire, cease.
exspolio, 1i, /o plunder, spoil.
exspuo, ui, üt, 5, spi! out, expel.
exsterno, I, terrif) greatly.
exstillo, 1, /o drop or trickle out.
exstimulo, 1, goad on, impel.
exstinctio, onis, F., annihilation.
exstinctor, Oris, M., destroyer.
exstinguo, nxi, nct-, 5, /o quench,
extinguish, annul, destroy.
exstirpo, 1, uproot, pluck out.
exsto, r, stand forth, appear.
exstructio, onis, F., siructure.
exstruo, xi, ct-, 3, heap up, build.
exsuctus, [sugo,] drained dry.
exsüdo, 1, sweat forth, exude, toil.
exsügo, xi, ct-, 5, suck out.
exsul, ulis, C., exile, wanderer.
exsulo, t, /o be in exile.
exsultans, tis, skipping, diffuse.
exsultatio, F., /eaping up for joy.
exsulto, 1, leap up, exult, revel.
exsuperàbilis, e, surmountable.
exsuperans, tis, excellent.
exsuperantia, ee, F., pre-eminence.
exsuperatio, Onis, F., exaggeration.
exsupero, I, mount, surpass, over-
power, exceed, excel, pass beyond.
exsurdo, rt, deafen, blunt.
exsurgo. surrexi, 3, rise, stand up.
exsuscito, I, rouse, excite.
exta, orum, w., //Ae internal organs.

extabesco — facinus. 69

extabesco, tabui, 3, /o fade, wane.
extaris, e, of (he exta.
extemplo (-pulo), immediately.
extemporalis, e, eztemporary.
extendo, di, tum (sum), 3, stretch
forth, increase, spread, extend.
extentus, a, um, wide-spread.
extento, 1, síiretch forth, exert.
extenuatio, F., t/iinning, lessening.
extenuo, I, make thin, weaken.
exter (-terus), a, um, outward, ex-
ternal, foreign.
exterebro, 1, bore out.
extergeo, si, sum, 3, wipe off.
exterior, us (compar.), outer.
extermino, I, drive away, banish.
externus, a, um, outward, foreign.
extero, trivi, trit-, 5, rub out, wear
out Or away.
exterreo, ui, it-, 2, sírike with terror.
extexo, 3, pick to pieces, plunder.
extimesco, timui, 5, fear greatlg.
extinguo—exstinguo, quench.
extispex, icis, diviner.
extollo, 3, raise, uplift, defer.
extorqueo, si, tum, 2, wrest away.
extorris, e, exiled.
extra, outside of, except, beyond.
extraho, xi, ct-, 3, draw forth, with-
draw, release, protract, outroot.
extraneus, a, um, external, strange.
extraordinarius, a, um, beyond
the ranks, uncommon.
extrarius, a, um, outward, strange.
extremitas, atis, F., end, edge.
extremus (-timus), a, um, ou(most,
remotest, utmost, latest, last.
extrico, I, disentangle, clear.
extrilidus, a, um, dauntless.
extrinsecus, from abroad, outside.
extritus, [tero,| «orn off.
extrüdo, si, sum, 3, t/rust forth.
extübero, 1, /o swell, raise.
extundo, tudi, tüs, 5, (o beat out,
strike out, devise, extort.
exturbo, 1, drive or thrust away.
exübero, r, abound, make full.
exüudo-—exsudo, exude.
exul—exsul, exile.
exulcero, I, fester, exasperate.
exululo, 1, owl.

exulto—exsulto, leap forth.

exundo, r, overflow, rush forth.

exungo, unct-, 5, anoint, squander.

exuo, ui, üt-, 5, put strip or cast off,
las; aside, despoil.

exüro, ussi, ust-, 3, burn up, con-
sume, parch, destroy.

exustio, F., burning, scorching.

exuviee, arum, F., spoils (stripped
from an enemy's body), Aide.

exveho—eéveho, carry off.

Py!

faba, ee, F., bea.
fabalis, e; -arius, a, um, of beans.
fabella, ee, F., short story or play.
faber, bri (g. pl. brum), w., smith,
artisan, crafisman.
faber, bra, brum, sKi/ful, ingenious.
Fabius Maximus, Dictator in the
second Punic War, B.C. 217—209.
fabre-facio, 3, faslion skilfully.
fabrica, &, F., workshop, fabric,
trade, trick or crafty device.
fabricatio, F., construction.
fabricator, Oris, M., artificer.

T'abricius, C., consul in the war

against Pyrrhus, B.C. 279.
fabricor (-co), t, fashion, construct.
fabrilis, e, of a smith; N., pl. tools.
fabula, ee, F., [for, | story, drama.
fabula, dim. of faba, bean.
fabulàris, e; -0sus, a, um, fabulous.
fabulator, oris, M., story-teller.
fabulor, 1, (o ialk, converse.
facesso, i, 1t-, 3. do eagerly, perform ;-

get clear, depart, retire.
facete, neatly, wittily.
facetiee, arum, F., wif, fun.
facetus, a, um, elegant, fine, funny.
facies, ei F., figure, face, appedr

ance, aspect, pretence.
facilis, e, [facio,] suited, apt, com-
pliant, favoring, prosperous, easy.
facilé, easily, no doubt.
facilitas, atis, F., facility, readiness,
ease, fluency, good humor.
facinorosus, a, um, aírocious.
facinus, Óris, N., bold deed, crime.

70 facio — fastigium.

facio, feci, fact-; P., fio, fieri, fac-
tus, make, do, perform, practise,
esteem, assume, cause ; fit, it hap-
pens, is usual; fiat, so be it.

factio, onis, F., making, doing, rank,
party, class, faction.

factiosus, a, um, /factious, seditious.

factito, 1, keep doing, practice, make.

factor, Oris, M., doer.

factura, ee, F., doing, deed.

factus, [facio,] done; N., deed.

factus, üis, M., doing, making.

facula, ee, F., [fax | torch, link.

facultas, atis, F., opportunity, sup-
ply, power, abundance, resource.

facunde, cloquently.

facundia, ee, F., eloquence.

facundus, a, um, fluent, eloquenr.

feecula, ee, tartar (of wine).

feeculentus, a, um, full of dregs.

Feesulee, arum, r., /"iesole, a hill-
town near Florence.

fcex, cis, F., lees, dregs, brine.

faginus (-eus), a, um, of beech.

Tfagus, i, F., beech-tree.

fala, ee, F., scaffolding, scaffold.

falarica, ee, F., fire-ball.

falcarius, i, M., scythe-maker.

falcatus, a, um, scgythe-hung or
scythe-shaped.

falcifer (-ger) era, um, scythe or
sickle-bearing.

1 falco, onis, M., falcon.

falcula, ee, F., sickle, talon.

falere, is, N., pedestal, pile. .

Falernus, a, um, F'alernian, of a re-
gion in Campania.

:Faliscus, a, um, of 'alerii, a city
of Etruria.

fallacia, ee, F., deceit, intrigue.

fallax, acis, deceitful, fallacious.

fallo,fefelli, fals-, 3, deceive, cheat,
beguile, escape notice.

falsi-dicus, -ficus, -loquus, speak-
ing or acting falsely.

falsimonia, ee, F., imposilion.

falso (6), falsely.

falsus, a, um, deceitful, false.

falx, cis, F., scythe, sickle, hook.

fama, ee, F., fame, report (good. or
evil), tradition, reputation.

famelicus, a, um, famished.
fames, is, F., hunger, need, greed.
famigeratio, onis, F., rumor.
famigerator, Oris, M., tale-bearer.
famigeratus, a, um, celebrated.
familia, ee, F., body of slaves, fam-
ily, household, company, clan.
familiaris, e, of servants or family,
intimate, friendly ; M., friend.
familiaritas, atis, F., intimacy.
familiariter, 6y families, familiarly.
famosus, a, um, of good or ill fame.
famularis, e, of servants Or service.
famulatus, üs, M., servitude.
famulor, 1, /o serve, be a servant.
famulus, a, um, serving, service-
able; M., F., servant.
fanaticus, a, um, inspired, rapt.
fanum, i, N., shrine, temple.
far, farris, N., spelt (a grain), meal.
farcimen, inis, N., sausage.
farcio, si, tum, 4, /o stuff, cram.
farfarus, i, M., coli^s-foot (a plant).
farina, ee, F., meal, flour, substance.
farrago, inis, F., mixed fodder (for
cattle), medley.
farrarius, a, um, of grain; N., pl.
granary. :
farratus (-eus), a, um, of corn, grain.
fartor, Oris, M., fattener (of fowls),
sausage-maker.
fartum, i, N., [farcio,] stuffing.
fas (indecl), right (by divine law).
fascia, ee, F., band, swathe.
fasciculus, i, M., packet.
fascina, ee, F., fagot.
fascino, rt, bewitch, fascinate.
fascinum, i, N., witcheraft, amulet.
fasciola, ee, F., bandage.
fascis, is, M., bundle ; fasces, (pl.),
rods-and-are, (symbol of office
with power of life and death),
consulship.
fastidio, 4, loathe, despise, scorn.
fastidiose, disdainfully.
fastidiosus, a, um, full of disgust.
fastidium, i, N., /oathing, aversion,
haughtiness, contempt.
fastigatus, a, um, sloping, steep.
fastigium, i N., /op (of gable),
highest point or rank.

fastigo — ferramentum. "ü

fastigo, I, bring to a point, exalt.

fastosus, a, um, haughty, sumptuous.

fastus, i, M., court-day; pl., calendar.

fastus, üs, M., laughtiness, contempt.

fatalis, e, fated, destined, fatal.

fataliter, by fate or destiny.

fateor, fassus, 2, confess, manifest.

faticánus (-cinus, -dicus), a, um,
predicting fate, prophetic. !

fatifer, era, um, deadly.

fatigatio, F., weariness, banter.

fatigo, I, wweary, plague, vez, jeer.

fatim, sufficiently.

fatisco (-cor), 3, gape open, faint.

fatuitas, atis, F., folly.

fatum, i, N., [for,] destiny, doom.

fatuor, 1, /alk foolishly.

fatus, üs, M. [for,] word.

fatuus, a, um, prophetic (a name
of Faunus).

fatuus, a, um foolish, tasteless.

fauces, ium, F., //roat, defile, gulf.

Faunus, i, a rustic deity of Latium,
son of Picus, gr.-són of Saturn.

Faustulus, i; the shepherd who

brought up Romulus.
faustus,a,um, fortunate, auspicious.
fautor, (-vitor), Oris, M. ; -trix,1cis,
F., favorer, patron.
faveo, favi, faut-, 2, favor, befriend.
favilla, ee, F., glowing embers.
favissee, àrum, F. storage-cell.
Favonius, i, V., the Spring West-
wind.
favor, Oris, M., good-will, applause.
favoràbilis, e, pleasing, in favor.
favus, i, M., honej-comb.
fax, fácis, F., torch, firebrand.
faxim,faxo—fecerim, fecero, sub.
and fut. perf. of facio, do.
febricito, I, be ill of fever.
febricula, ee, F., slight fever.
febris, is, im (em), i (e), F., fever.
Februarius, i, M., February.
februa, orum, N., purgation (religi-
ous festival of February 15).
fecunditas, tis, F., fertility, plenty.
fecundo, t, fertilize.
fécundus, a, um, fertile, abundant.
fel, fellis, N., gall, bitterness, wrath.
feles, is, F., cat, thief.

felicitas, atis, F., fertility, happiness.
feliciter, fruitfully, auspiciously.
feiinus, a, um, of a cat.
felix, icis, feriile, auspicious, happy.
fellitus (-0sus), a, um, ful/ of gall.
fello, t, to suck.
femella, ee, F., girl.
feminis, g. of femur, (/igh.
femina, ee, F., woman, female.
feminàátus, a, um, effjeminate.
femineus, a, um, of woman.
femininus, a, um, feminine.
femur, óris (inis), M., t^igh.
fenebris, e, of usury.
feneraátio, F., lending on interest.
fenerator, Oris, M., money-lender.
féneror (-0), 1, lend, practice usury,
cheat or extort by usury.
fenestra, ee, F., window, entrance.
fenestro, 1, furnish with windows.
fenilia, ium, N., hay-lof?.
fénisex, sécis, M., mower, rustic.
fenum, i, N., hay.
fénus, óris, N., tnlerest, gain, profit.
fera, ee, F., wild beast.
feralis, e, of the dead, deadly.
ferax, ácis, [fero, | /ertile.
ferculum, i, N., liter, bier, dish.
fere, almost, quite, hardly, generally.
ferentàárius, a; um, light-armed.
Feretrius, i, [ferio,] e Subduer.
tferetrum—ferculum, litter.
férisee, árum, F., holidays, festivals.
feriátus, a, um, aí leisure, quiet.
ferinus, a, um, of wild beasts.
ferio, 4, strike, batter, kill, cheat.
ferior, t, keep holiday.
feritas, atis, F., wildness, rudeness.
fermé—fere, nearly, hardly.
fermentatus, a, um, loose, soft.
fermento, 1, rise, ferment.
fermentum, i, N., /eaven, beer.
fero, tuli, latum, bear, carry, bring,
get, raise, show, report, $3, tell.
ferocia, ee; -citas, tatis, F., wild-
ness, ferocity. 2
ferociter, boldly, fiercely.
feroóculus, a, um, rather fierce.
Féronia, ee. F., a divinity of Plants.
ferox, Ocis, bold, fierce.
ferráàmentum, i, N., iron tool.

739 ferrarius — filum.

ferrarius, a, um, of iron ; M., black-
smith; F., iron-mine.
ferratus, a, um, iron-clad or shod.
ferreus, a, um, of iron, hard, cruel.
ferricrepinus, a, um, clanking.
ferriterium, i, N., chain-house, jail.
ferritribax, acis, iron-galled.
ferrügineus, a, um, of iron-rust
(color or taste).
ferrugo, inis, F., iron-rust.
ferrum, i, N., iron, steel (sword).
ferrümen, inis, N., cement, rust.
ferrumino, 1, /o solder, cement.
fertilis, e, fruitful, productive.
fertilitas, atis, F., fruiffulness, fer-
tility, abundance.
fertorius, a, um, for carrying ; N.,
sedan-chair.
fertum, i, N., oblation-cake.
fertus, a, um, fertile.
ferula, ee, F., fennel, twig, rod.
ferus, a, um, wild, rude, barbarous ;
F., a wild beast.
ferve-facio, 35, !o boil, melt.
fervens, tis, /of, glowing.
ferveo, bui,2; -vo (-vesco), vi, 3,
to burn, glow, ferment, swarm.
fervidus, a, um, /iof, glowing, fiery.
fervor, Oris, M., heat, glow, passion.
F'escennia, ee, F., a town of Etru-
ria on the Tiber.
Fescennini, rude jesting verses.
fessus, a, um, weary, weak.
festinanter (-atim, -ato), hastily.
festinatio, onis, F., Aaste, speed.
festino, r, make haste, hasten.
festinus, a, um, /asty, quick, early.
festive, joyously, delightfully.
festivitas, atis, F., gaiety, delight,
' cheer, festivityy, kindness.
festivus, a, um, lively, agreeable.
festuca, ee, F., sialk, straw, rod.
festus, a, um, festal ; N., banquet.
fetiales, pl., the college of heralds.
feto, 1, to breed, hatch, fructify.
fetüra, ee, F., bringing-forth.
fetus, a, um, breeding, teeming, full.
fetus, üs, M., breeding, breed, pro-
geny, offspring, fruit, produce.
fex, fecis—feex, lees, dregs.
fi, imperat. of fi1o, become.

fiber, bri, w., beaver.
fibla—fibula, c/asp.
fibra, ee, F., fibre, entrail.
fibrinus, a, um, of the beaver.,
fibula, ee, F., clasp, pin.
fibulo, 1, to clasp, fasten.
ficarius, a, um, of figs.
ficedula, ee, F., /ig-pecker (a bird).
ficetum, i, N., a fig-orchard.
fictilis, e, of clay, earthen.
fictio, onis; -türa, ee, F., making,
Jashioning, feigning.
fictor, Oris, M., nage-maker, baker.
ficus, i (üs), F., fig.
fideí-committo, 5, put in trust.
fide-jubeo, 2, give security.
fidelia, ee, F., earthen pot, jar.
fidelis, e, (rusty, faithful, sure.
fidelitas, atis, F., faithfulness.
Fidenee, arum, F., an old town of
Latium.
fidens, tis, confident, bold.
fidenter, courageously.
fidentia, ee, F., confidence, boldness.
fides, éi, r., írust, belief, credit,
promise, security, credibility.
fides, is, F., síring, lute, lyre.
fidicen, inis, M.; -cina, F., a lute-
player, or harpist.
fidicula, dim. of fides, /yre.
Fidius, god of Trust, an epithet of
Jupiter (as, me dius fidius).
fido, fisus, 3, (rust, confide.
fiducia, ee, F., trust, boldness, pledge.
fiducio, 1, /o pledge. mortgage.
fidus, a, um, (rusty, sure, safe.
figlinus, a, um, of a potter ; N., pot.
figmentum, i, N., forming, fiction.
figo, xi, xum, 3, fasten, fix, pierce.
figulàris, e, of a potter.
figulis, i, M., potter, bricklayer.
figura, ee, F., shape, kind, phantom.
figuratio, onis, F., fashioning.
figuro, 1, /o form, shape, picture.
filia, ee, (d. pl. abus), daughter.
filicatus, a, um, decked with fern.
filiola, ee, F., little daughter.
filiolus, i, N., little son.
filius, i, (v., fili), M., son ; pl. children.
filix, icis, F., fern.
filum, i, N., thread, fillet, outline.

fimbriee — floreo. 73

fimbriee, árum, r., t/reads, fringe.
fimus, i, M., (um, N.), dung, manure.
finalis, e, of. boundaries, final.
findo, fidi, fiss-, 5, split, part, divide.
fingo, nxi, fict, (o form, fashion,
make, instruct, represent, invent.
finio, 4, (o limit, bound, appoint.
finis, is, M., end, limit, border ; pl.,
bounds, territory.
finitimus, a, um, bordering, neigh-
boring, like ; pl., neighbors.
finitio, F., bounding, defining.
finitor, Oris, M., surveyor.
fio, fieri, fact-, P. of facio, make.
firmamentum, i, N., support, sky.
firmator, M.,establisher.
firme (-iter), firmly.
firmitas, atis ; -tudo, inis, F., firm-
ness, strength, endurance.
firmo, r, strengthen, establish.
Firmum, i, N., a port of E. Italy.
firmus, a, um, stable, strong.
fiscalis, e, of the treasury.
fiscella (-cina), ee, F., osier basket.
fiscus, i, M., basket, treasury.
fissilis, e, split (or that can be).
fissura, ee, F., cleft, chink.
fissus |findo,] split, cloven.
fissipes, pedis, cloven-footed.
fistuca, ee, F., rammer, beetle.
fistüco, I, ram down.
fistula, ee, F., pipe, tube, reed.
fistulator, Oris, M., « piper.
fistulosus, a, um, full of. holes.
fisus, |fido,] Aaving trusted.
fixus, |figo, | fixed.
flabellum, i, N., fan, fly-flap.
flabilis, e, air.
flabra, orum, w., blasts, breezes.
flacceo, 2 ; -cesco, 3, droop, wither.
flaccidus (flaccus), a, um, //abby,
Jfeeble, languid.
flagello, r, scourge, beat, lash. -
flagellum, i, N., whip, thong.
flagitatio, F., earnest request.
flagitator, oris, M., demander, dun.

e

flagitiosus, a, um, sAameful, infa-
mous, disgraceful.

flagitium, i, N., disgraceful thing or
act ; scoundrel, villain.

flagito, r, demand vehemently.
flagrans, tis, blazing, glowing.
flagranter, ardently, eagerly.
flagrantia, ee, F., burning heat.
flagritriba, ee, M., wearing out the
lash (nickname of a slave).
flagro, 1, to flame, blaze, glow, burn.
flagrum, i, N., whip, scourge.
flamen, inis, N.. blast, wind, gale.
flamen, inis, M., priest (of one god).
flaminica, a flamen's wife.
flaminius, a, um, of a flamen.
flamma, ee, F., flame, blaze, pas-
sion, conflagration, peril.
flammeus, a, um, fiery, red, flame-
colored ; N., bridal veil.
flammifer (-ger), era, um, flaming,
Jlame-bearing, fiery.
flammo, r1, /o blaze, burn, redden.
flatilis, e, produced by blowing.
flator, Oris, M., blower, caster (of
metal), melter, coiner.
flatura, ee, F., blowing, casting.
flatus, üs, M., blowing, blast.
flaveo, 2; -vesco, 5, to be golden,
or yellow.
flavus, a, um, yellow, gold-color.
flebilis, e, lamentable, tearful.
flecto, xi, xum, 35, (o bend, turn.
flemina, ee, F., swollen ankle.
fleo, flevi, flet-, 2, weep, drip, bewail.
fletus, üs, M., weepinq.
flexanimus, a, um, af/ecting, moved.
flexibilis (-ilis), e, p/iant, bending.
flexiloquus, a, um, equivocal.
flexio, onis, F., bending, inflection.
flexo, 1, (o bend, curve.
flexuosus, a, um, full of bends.
flexüra, ee, F.; -xus, üs, M., bend-
ing, turning, winding.
flexus, |flecto,] bent.
flictus, tis, M., clash.
flo, 1, to blow, cast (metal).
floccus, i, M., lock of. wool, trifle.
floces, um, F., dregs, lees.
F'lora, e, goddess of Flowers.
floralis, e, of. Flora ; N., pl., garden.
florens, tis, shining, flourishing.
Florentia, ee, F., Florence.
floreo, ui, 2, to bloom, flower, swell,
Jlourish, prosper.

74 floresco — fortiter.

floresco, ui, 3, come into blossom.
floreus (-idus), a, um, of /lowers,
Jlowery, abounding in flowers.
florilegus, a, um, cul/ing flowers.
florulentus, a, um, abounding in
Jlowers, blooming, youthful.
flos, oris, M., flower, blossom, top.
flosculus, i, M., /loweret.
flucto, 1, /o wave, flow.
fluctuátio, Onis, F., wavering.
fluctuo (-or), 1, undulate, waver.
fluctuosus, a, um, billowy.
fluctus, üs, M., wave, billow, flood.
fluens, tis, /lowing, lax, fluent.
fluentum, i, N., //ood, stream.
fluidus, a, um, //owing, fluid, lax.
fluito, 1, //oat, waver, undulate.
flumen, inis, N., stream, river, flood.
flümineus, a, um, of a river.
fluo, xi, xum, 3, (o flow, overflow,
pour, come forth, pass away.
fluor, oris, M., flowing, flux.
flustra, orum, N., ca/m at sea.
flüto, 1, to /loat.
fluvialis (-atilis), e, of a river.
fluvius, i, M., river, stream.
fluxio, onis; -xus, üs, M., a flowing.
fluxus [fluo, | //uid, loose, frail.
focale, is, N., [faux | neck-band.
focillo, t, comfort with warmth.
foculus, fire-pan, brazier.
focus, i, M., fire-place, hearth.
fodico, 1, (o pierce.
fodina, ee, F., pil, mine.
fodio, fodi, foss-, 5, dig.
foederatus, a, um, /eagued.
fcedero, 1, o league, establish.
foedifragus, a, um, perfidious.
foeditas, atis, F., fouíness, filth.
fcedo, 1, to defile, disfigure.
foedus, a, um, foul, ugly.
foedus, eris, N., league, treaty.
foenus—fenus, profit.
foeteo ; 2, -esco, 3, have an ill smell.
foetidus, a, um, of. evil odor, foul.
foetor, Oris, M., stench.
foetus—fetus, produce.
foetutina, ee, F., dirt-hole, puddle.
foliatus, a, um, /eaf? ; N., ointment.
folium, i, N., leaf, trifle.
folliculus, i, M., bag, pod, husk.

follis, is, M., bellows, wind-bag.

follitim, with monegy-bags. ^ .

fomentum, i, N., poultice, comfort.

fomes, itis, M., tinder, touchwood.

fons, tis, M., fountain, source.

fontanus, a, um, of a spring.

fonticulus, i, M., [fons,| spring.

for, fatus, 1, (S 38, iv.), speaL, say.

foramen, inis, N., aperture.

foras, out of. doors.

foratus, üs, M., boring.

forceps, ipis, D., (ongs, pincers.

fordus, a, um, wilh young.

fore, fut. infin. of sum, /o be.

forensis, e, of the forum.

forfex, ficis, F., shears.

forica, ee, F., storehouse.

forinsecus, from without.

foris, is, F., (gen. pl. um), door.

foris, abroad, from without.

forma, ee, F., shape, beauty, mould.

formalis, e, of a form or mould.

formatio, Onis, F., forming, design.

formator, Oris, M., former, framer.

Formiee, arum, F,, a town of S.
Latium.

formica, ee, F., ant.

formicinus, a, um, lite ants.

formidaàbilis, e, fearful.

formido, 1, (o fear, dread.

formido, inis, F., fear, dread.

formidolosus, a, um, t(imid, dread-
ful, fearful, afraid.

formidus, a, um, warm.

formo, 1, to f«tshion, shape.

formosus, a, um, beautiful.

formula, ee, F., beauty, pattern, rule.

formus, a, um, warm.

fornacalis, e, of a furnace or oven.

fornax, acis, F., furnace, oven, kiln.

fornicatim, archwise.

fornicatus, a, um, arched, vaulted.

fornix, icis, M., arch, vault, brothel.

| foro, 1, to bore, pierce.

forpex, icis, F., curling-tongs.

fors, tis, F., chance, fortune.

fors, forte, forsan, forsit, forsitan,
fortasse, perhaps.

Tfortax, acis, M., base of furnace.

fortis, e, strong, brave, vigorous.

fortiter, vigorously, boldly.

fortitudo — fringilla, 75

fortitudo, inis, F., vigor, braverg.
fortuitus, a, um, accidental.
fortuito (tu), accidentally.
fortuna, ee, F., fortune (good or
il), condition ; pl., property.
fortunatus, a, um, fortunate, pros-
perous, happy.
fortuno, r, make prosperous.
foruli, otum, w., book-shelves.
forum, i, N., public square, market ;
a square in Rome, the chief
place of public business.
forus, i, M., gangway, row of seats
or cells, garden-bed.
fossa, ee, F., ditch, trench.
fossilis, e; -tius, a, um, dug-up.
fossio, Onis; -üra, ee, F., digging.
fossor, Oris, M., digger.
fossus, [fodio,] dug.
fotus, [foveo,] warmed, cherished.
fotus, üs, M. warming, comforting.
fovea, ee, F., pit, pitfall.
foveo, fovi, fot-, 5, (to warm, cherish.
fraces, um, M., grounds, dregs.
fracesco, cui, 35, grow mellow or
rancid.
fracidus, a, um, sof?, mellow.
fractura, ee, F., breach, fragment.
fractus, [frango,] broken.
freenum—frenum, curb, bit.
frága, orum, N., s/rawberries.
fragesco, 3, be broken or subdued.
fragilis, e, frail, apt to break.
fragilitas, atis, F., frailty, britlle-
ness, weakness.
fragmen, inis, N., fracture, wreck,
fragment.
fragmentum, i, N., fragment, rem-
nant.
fragor, Oris, M., crash, din.
fragosus, a, um, fragile, broken,
rough, roaring, crashing.
frágrans, tis, sweet-scented.
fragrantia, ee, F., fragrance.
fragro, 1, to emit odor.
framea, ee, F., spear, sword.
frango, fregi, fract-, 3, (o break,
crush, bruise, weaken, subdue.
frater, tris, M., brother.
fraterculus, i, M., little brother.
fraterne, brotherly, heartily.

fraternitas, atis, F., brotherhood.
fraternus, a, um, brotherly. .
fratria, ee, F., brothers wife.
fratricida, ee, M., fratricide.
fraudatio, onis, F., deceit, fraud.
fraudator, oris, M., deceiver, cheat.
fraudo, t, cheat, defraud, steal.
fraudulentia, ee, F., deceil.
fraudulentus, a, um, deceitful.
fraus, dis, F., deceit, crime, harm.
fraxinus, i, F., ash; spear.
fraxinus (-eus), a, um, ashen.
Fregellanus, a, um, of F'regelle,
an old town of Latium.
fremebundus, a, um, murmuring.
fremitus, üs, M., roaring noise.
fremo, ui, it, 3, roar, murmur,
grumble, growl, mutter.
fremor, oris, M., low roaring.
frenator, oris, M., controller.
frendo, fres-, 5, gnash, crush.
freniger, a, um, bridied.
freno, r1, to bridle, curb, check.
frenum, i, N. (pl, i M., or a, N.),
curb, bit, bridle, rein.
frequens, tis, frequent, crowded, full.
frequenter, often, in large numbers.
frequentatio, Onis, F., crowding.
frequentatus, a, um, much used.
frequentia, ee, F., crowd, throng.
frequento, rz, /o resort, frequent,
crowd, assemble, celebrate.
frésus, [frendo,] bruised.
fretalis, e, of a strait. :
fretum, i, N., strait, channel, sea.
fretus, a, um, relying, sustained,
trusting, daring.
fretus, üs, M., reliance.
frico, cui, ct- (cat-), t, to rub.
frictus, [frigo,] roasted, parched.
frigeo, 2 ; -esco, frixi, 3, /o be cold,
stiff, torpid, languid, faint.
frigidarius, a, um, of cooling ; N.,
cooling-room ; pl., cold-closet.
frigide, coldly, feebly, flatly.
frigidulus, a, um, rather cold or stiff.
frigidus, a, um, cold, cool, chill, dull.
frigo, xi, ct- (xum), 3, roast, fry.
frigus, óris, N., coldness, winter, chill.
frigütio, 4, (o twilter, stammer.
fringilla, ee, F., robin (?), finch.

76 frio — fumifico.

frio, I, !o rub, break, crumble.
fritilla, ee, F., gruel.
fritillus, i, M., dice-box.
fritinnio, 4, twitter.
frivolus, a, um, si//y, paltry.
frixorium, i, N.; frixüra, eo, F.,
| frying-pan.
frixus, |frigo, | roasted.
frondaátor, Oris, M., /eaf-pruner.
frondeo, 5; -esco, dui, 3, put forth
leaves.
frondeus (-ifer, -osus),a, um, /eaf.
frons, dis, F., leaf, bough, garland.
frons, tis, F., brow, front, forehead.
frontalia, um, w., frontlet.
fronto, onis, M., wide-brow.
fructifer, era, um, fruit-bearing.
fructuarius, a, um, of fruit-bearing.
fructuosus, a, um, fruitful, profit-
able, abounding àn fruit.
fructus, [fruor, | enjoying.
fructus, üs, M., fruit, profit, enjoy-
ment, consequence, result.
frügalis, e, thrifty, prudent.
f1iügalitas, atis, F., (rift, worth.
früges, [frux,] fruits (of the earth).
frugi (indecl.), worthy, useful.
fruügifer, era, um, fruit-bearing.
frümentarius, a, um, of corn,
abounding in corn; res frumen-
taria, supply of corn.
frümentaàtio, onis, F., providing or
distributing of corn, foraging.
frümentor, t, fetch or provide corn.
frumentum, i, N., corn, grain.
fruniscor, nitus, 3, enjoy.
fruns—frons, tis, /eaf.
fruor, fruct- (fruit-), 3, (o enjoy.
frustatim (-tillatim), piecemeal.
frusto, r, break in pieces.
frustra, in vain, without reason.
frustratio, Onis, F., deceiving, dis-
appointment, failure.
frustror (-tro), t, deceive, disappoint.
frustulentus, a, um, full of crumbs.
frustum, i, N., piece, fragment.
frutectum, i, N., shrubbery.
frutex, icis, M., shrub, bush, stem.
fruticetum, i, N., ticket, shrubbery.
frutico, (-cor) 1, /o sprout, grow
bushy.

fruticosus, a, um, bushy, shrubby.

frux, gis, F., fruit, produce, [£ruges.]

fucatus, a, um, counterfeit.

füco, 1, /o paint, dye, stain.

fucosus, a, um, painted, colored,
stained, counterfeit.

fucus, i, M., orchil (a lichen), red,
rouge, deceit ; bee-glue; drone.

fuga, ee, F., flight, exile, avoiding.

fugaciter, in fleeing.

fugax, acis, /leet, fleeing.

fugicus, tis, /leeting, vanishing.

fugio, fugi, fugit-, 3, J/lee, pass
away, avoid, escape.

fugitivus, a, um, runaway, deserter.

fugito, 1, /lee hastily, avoid.

fugo, 1, drive, chase, rout.

fui, perf. of sum, to be.

fulcimen, inis, N., prop.

fulcio, fulsi, fult-, 4, (o prop, sup-
port, strengthen, secure.

fulcrum, i, N., bed-post, couch.

fulgeo, fulsi, 2 ; -gesco, 3, (o glitter,
Jlash, shine, lighten.

fulgetrum, i, N., heat-lightning.

fulgidus, a, um, glittering, shining.

fulgor, oris, M., flash, gleam, splen-
dor, brightness, glory.

fulgur, iíris, N., lightning.

fulguralis, e, of lightning.

fulguratio, onis, F., f//ashing.

fulgurio, 4, (o hurl lightning.

fulguro, t, /o lighten, flash, shine.

fulica, ee, ; -lix, icio, F. coot, diver.

füligo, ginis, F., soot.

fullo, onis, M., fuller.

fullonicus (-ius, a, um, of fullers;
F., fuller's art or shop.

fulmen, inis, N., thunderbolt.

fulmenta, ee, F., prop, shoe-heel.

fulmentum, i, N., prop, bedpost.

fulminàátio, Onis, F., /ightning.

fulmineus, a, um, of the thunder-
bolt, destructive.

fulmino, 1, url lightnings, blast.

fultura, ee, F., support.

fultus, [fulcio,] propped.

fulvus, a, um, yellow, tawny.

fümeus (-idus), a, um, smoky.

fumifer, era, um, emitting smoke.

fumifico, 1, burn incense.

fumigo — galbeum. 71

fümieo, 1, /o smoke, fumigate.
fümo, 1, (o smoke, steam, reek.
füumosus, a, um, smoky, reeking.
fümus, i, M., smoke, fume, vapor.
funalis, e, of « rope or trace; N.,
thong, torch, candlestand.
fünambulus, i, M,. rope-dancer.
funarius, a, um, of a rope.
functio, Onis, F., discharging, ful-
filment, execution.
functus, [fungor,] having fulfilled.
funda, ee, F., s/ing, casting-net, purse.
fundamen, inis; -mentum, i, N.,
foundation, groundwork.
fundator, Oris, M., founder.
fundatus, a, um, durable.
Fundi, orum, a town of Latium.
fundito, t, /o hurl, sling.

- funditor, Oris, M., s/inger.

funditus, from the bottom, utterly.
fundo, fuüdi, füs-, 5, (o pour, melt,
bathe, pour or spread forth, utter.
fundo, 1, to establish, found, secure.
fundus, i, M., bottom, estate.
fünebris, e; -ereus, a, um, of
burial, deadly, fatal.
funero, r, bury, destroy.
fünesto, r, pollute (with murder).
fünestus, a, um, fatal, mournful.
funetum, i, N., arbor of vines.
funginus, a, um, of mushrooms.
fungor, funct-, 5, perform, fulfil.
fungosus, a, um, fungous, spongy.
fungus, i, M., mushroom, soft-head,
candle-snuff-
funiculus, i, M., slender cord.
fünis, is, M., rope, cord, line.
fünus, eris, N., burial, corpse, death,
ruin, funeral rites.
fuo, 5,—sum, 5e.
fur, furis, M., thief, knave, drone.
fürax, acis, //iievish.
furca, ee, F., fork, stake, prop.
furcifer, eri, M., yoke-bearer (rascal).
furcilla, ee, F., dim. of furca, fork.
furcula, ee, F., forked prop, ravine.
furfur, uris, M., bran, scurf.
furiees, arum, F., madness; Furies
(goddesses of Vengeance).
furialis, e, raging, maddening.
furibundus, a, um, mad, raging.

fürinus, a, um, of thieves.

furio, I, madden, enrage.

furiosus, a, um, raging, furious.

furnus, i, M., oven.

furo, ui, 3, rage, be furious.

füror, 1, (o steal, take away secretly.

furor, Oris, M., raging, madness.

furtim, stealthily.

furtivus, a, um, síolen, secret.

furtum, i, N., /heft, deceit.

fürunculus, i, M., pilferer ; boil.

furvus, a, um, dusky, gloomy.

fuscina, ee, F., trident.

fusco, 1, to blacken, darken.

fuscus, a, um, swarthy, dark, hoarse.

füse, extended, copiously.

füsilis, e, molten, liquid.

füsio, onis, F., pouring, melting.

fustibalus, i, M., s/ing-staff.

fustis, is, M., cudgel, staff, club.

fustuarium, i, N., beating to death.

füsus, [fundo,] spread, diffuse.

füsus, üs, M., melting, pouring.

füsus, i, M., spindle.

fütatim, abundantly. :

fütilis, e, [fundo,] /oose, vain, idle;
for pouring ; N., pan.

futilitas, atis, F., vanity.

futurus, fut. part. of sum, to be.

*

G.

gabalus, i, M., gallows.
gabatee, arum, F., platter.

Gabii, orum, w., an old city of

Latium, 12 miles from Rome.
Gades, ium, F., Cadiz, a port of
Spain, a Phoenician colony.
geesum, i, N., heavy Gallic javelin.
Geeetuli, orum, a people of N.-W.
Africa, in Morocco.
tgagates, ee, M., asphalt, jet.
Tgalactites (galaxias), 8&0, M.,
milk-stone.
Galatee, árum, people of Galatia,
in N. central Asia Minor.
galbaneus, a, um, of galbanum.
galbanum, i, N., a fragrant qum.
galbanus, a, um, greenish yellow.
galbeum, i, N. ; us, M., arm-band.

18 galbula — genticus.

galbula, ee, F., yellow thrush ( ?).
galbulus, i, M., cypress-cone.
galbus, a, um, yellow ; smooth.
galea, ee, F., helmet (of leather).
galeatus, a, um, helmeted.
galena, ee, F., lead-ore, dross.
galeo, 1, to put on the helmet.
galeritus, a, um, Aooded ; F., crested
lark.
galerus, i, M. ; -um, N., leather cap.
galla, ee, F., gall-nut.
gallans, tis, revelling, raving.
Gallia, ee, F., Gaul, including Bel-
gium, France, and Switzerland.
gallicinium, i, N., cock-crowing.
Gallicus, (-canus), a, um, Gallic.
gallina, ee, F., hen.
gallináceus (-àricus), a, um, of
poultry.
gallinula, ee, F., pullet.
Gallogreecia, ee— Galatia.
Gallus, i, M., a Gaul; a Phrygian
stream ; a priest of Cybele.
gallus, i, M., cock.
gamba, ee, F., Aoof.
ganea, ee, F. ; -um, i, N., cook-shop.
ganeo, onis, M., glutton.
Ganges, is, M., a river of India.
gannio, 1, to yelp, bark.
gannitus, üs, M., yelping, chirping.
ganta, ee, F. (German), « goose.
Ganymedes, is, myth. son of
Laomedon, stolen by jupiter.
Garamantes, um, a tribe of in-
terior Africa.
Garganus, i, «., a stormy mountain
range of Apulia.
Gargara, orum, a mt. near Troy.
T gargarizo, 1, to gargle.
garrio, 4, to chatter, talk.
garrulitas, atis, F., cAattering.
garrulus, a, um, /alkative, garru-
lous, babbling, murmuring.
Tgarum (on), i, N., fish-sauce.
gaudeo, gavisus, 2 ($ 35, ii), to re-
joice, be glad, delight in.
gaudium, i, N., jo; (at heart).
1gaulus, i, M., bucket, tub.
Gaurus, i, a mt. of Campania.
gausapa, ee (-es,-e, -um), frieze, felt.
gavisus, [gaudeo, ] glad.

gaza, ee, F., (reasure.

Gela, ee, F., a city in S. Sicily.

gelasco, 3, freeze.

gelatio, onis, F., freezing.

gelicidium, i, N., frost.

gelide, coldly, faintly.

gelidus, a, um, cold, icy.

gelo, rt, freeze, chill, stiffen.

gelu, üs, N., frost, cold, chill.

gemellus, | geminus, ] t«in.

geminatio, onis, F., doubling.

gemino, 1, /o double, redouble, join.

geminus, a, um, twin, double, like.

gemitus, iis, M., a sigh, groan, roar.

gemma, ee, F., bud, gem.

gemmeus, a, um, of gems, glitter-
ing, sparkling.

gemmifer, era, um, containing gems.

gemmo, 1, (o put forth buds, or
shine with gems.

gemmula, ee, F., [gemma,] bud.

gemo, ui, it-, 5, sigh, bewail, moan.

gena, ee, F., cheek, eyelid.

gener, eri, M., son-in-law.

generalis, e, generic, general.

generatim, by kinds, generally.

generator, Oris, M., author, father.

genero, 1, engender, produce.

generositas, atis, F., noble breed.

generosus, a, um, of noble descent,
great, noble, generous.

t genesis, is, F., bir(h, creation.

genetrix, icis, F., inolher.

Geneva (-àva, -ua), &e, F., a city on
the Helvetian boundary of Gaul.

genialis, e, of. birth, nuptial, genial.

genialiter, genially, merrily.

geniculátus, a, um, wil bent knee,
knotted, bent, crooked.

geniculum, i, N., [genu, | knee, knot.

genista (-esta), ee, F., broom-plant.

genitalis, e; -tivus, a, um, of birt
or generation, fruitful, fertilizing.

genitor, Oris, M., father.

genitüra, ee; -tus, üs, M., birlh, gen-
eration, begetting.

genitus, [gigno, | begotten.

genius, i, M. (v. i), divine guardian ;
genius or inclination.

gens, tis, F., clan, race, house.

genticus, a, um, of a tribe or people.

gentilicius — gloria. 19

gentilicius, a, um, of a clan or
family.
gentilis, e, of the same clan or house.
gentilitas, atis, F., kindred of clan.
genu, üs, N., knee, Joint.
Genua, ee, F., Genoa ; also, Geneva.
genualia, um, N., garters.
genuinus, a, um, [genus,] innate,
native ; [gena,] of the cheek or jaw.
genus, eris, N., birth, breed, race.
Tgeometres (-tra), ee; -ter, tri, M.,
geometer.
Tgeometria, ee, F., geometry.
Tgeorgicus, a, um, of husbandry.
Bermana, ee, F., sister.
germane, faith full 3, brotherly.
Germania, ee, F., Germany.
germanitas, atis, F., brotherhood.
germanus, i, M., brother.
germanus, a, um, of one's own bro-
ther Or sister, genuine, true.
Germànus, a, um, German.
germen, inis, N. ; Spri 9 sprout, bud.
germinatio, onis, ; -tus, üs, M.,
sproulting, ger Mie.
germino, 1, (o bud, germinate.
gero, gessi, gest-, 3, (o bear, carry,
wear, wage (war), show, transact.
gero, onis, M., abducter, carrier.
gerree, arum, F., (rifles, nonsense.
gerro, onis, M., trifler, loafer.
gerulus, a, um, bearing, doing.
tgerusia, ee, F., old man's retreat.
Geryon, onis, myth. k. of Spain,
a monster with three bodies.
gestamen, inis, N., burden, a thing
worn, ornament, equipment, lüter.
gestatio, Onis, F., bearing, carry-
ing, place of resort.
gestator, Oris, M., bearer, carrier.
gesticulor, 1, make gestures.
gestio, Onis, F., doing, performing.
gestio, 4, exult, desire eagerly.
gesto (-tito), r, bear, carry, report.
gestor, Oris, M., tale-bearer.
gestus, [gero,] borne; res gestee,
deeds, exploits.
gestus, üs, M., gesture, bearing.
gesum—geesum, Javelin.
Getae, arum, a Thracian people
near the Danube.

gibber, era; gibbus (osus, -ero-
sus), a, um, hunch-backed.
Gigantes, um, (he Giants, sons of
Earth and Tartarus.
gignentia, um, N., growing things.
gigno, genui, genit-, 5, /eget, pro-
duce; P., arise, spring forth.
gilvus, a, um, pale yellow.
ginglza, ee, F., (he gum.
ginnus—hinnus, mule.
git, gith, coriander.
glaber, bra, um, smooth, beardless,
bald ; M., a youthful slave.
glacialis, e, icy.
glacies, ei, F., ice.
glacio, 1, freeze, harden, congeal.
gladiator, toris, M., a prize-fighter,
gladiator, swordsman, cutler.
gladiatorius, a, um, of gladiators.
gladiatura, ee, F., sword-fight.
gladiolus, i, M., small sword.
gladius, i, M., sword ; killing.
glandarius, a, um, of acorns.
glandifer, fera, um, acorn-bearing.
glandium, i, N., dainty bit.
glandulee, pl., g/ands (of throat).
glanis, is, F. ; -us, i, M., shad ( ?).
glans, dis, F., acorn, nut, bullet.
glarea, ee, F., gravel.
glareosus, a, um, gravelly.
glastum, i, N., woad.
tglauceum (-cion), i, F., celandine.
tglauciscus, i, M. , blue-fish.
Tglaucoma, tis, N.; -ma, ee, F.,
cataract (of the eye).
t glaucopis, idis, F., owl.
Glaucus, i, myth. son of Sisyphus.
tglaucus, a, um, bluish-gray.
gleba, ee, F., clod, sod, soil, lump.
glebalis, e, of clods or land.
glébula, ee, F., small clod or farm.
glesum, i, N., amber.
glis, gliris, M., dormouse.
glisco, 3, swell, grow, spread, kindle.
globo, i, make round, heap together.
globosus, a, um, spherical.
globus (-ulus). i, M., bali, globe.
glomeramen, inis, N., round mass.
glomero, 1, (o heap, gather in mass.
glomus, eris, N., ball of thread.
gloria, ee, F., glory, fame, ambition.

80 gloriatio — gravamen.

gloriatio, onis, F., glorying.
gloriola, ee, F., modest glory.
glorior, 1, (o boast, pride one's self.
gloriosus, a, um, famous, boastful.
glos, gloris, F., lusband's sister.
Tglossa, ee, F.; -ema, atis, N., à
foreign word, needing explanation.
glubo, 5, to strip, peel.
glüten, inis, N. ; glus, ütis, F., glue.
glütinator, Oris, N., bookbinder.
glütino, 1, /o glue, fasten.
glütinosus, a, um, gluey, tenacious.
glutio, 4 swallow, gulp, cluck.
gluto, Onis, M. , glutton.
glütus, a, um, lenacious, soft.
gnarus, a, um, knowing, sküful.
gnatus—natus, born (son).
gnavus—navus, busy.
Qtgnomon, ónis, M., indez of dial.
g£nosco—nosco, know.
Gnosius, a, um, Cretan ; of Gnosus,
the old capital of Crete.
gnotus, [nosco,] known.
Gorgo (on) ónis, (he Gorgon, a
name of Medusa.

Gortynius, a, um, Cretan (of
Gortyna).

Gothi, orum, /he Goths, a tribe of
N. Germany.

Tgrabatus, i, M., couch, pallet.
Gracchus, Ti, tribune, B.C. 133;
C. id., 123, authors of popular
laws, and slain by the nobility.
gracilis, e, slender, plain, meagre.
gracilitas, atis, F., slenderness, lean-
ness, simplicity.
graculus, i, M., jackdaw.
gradarius, a, um, of steps, pacing.
gradatim, step by step, gradually.

gradatio, onis, F., making or tak-

ing steps.
gradatus, a, um; -ilis, e, wit steps.
gradior, gressus, 5, jo. take steps.
Gradivus, i, an epithet of Mars.
gradus, üs, M., step, degree, station.
Graeee, rum, the gray sisters,
daughters of Phorcus.
Greecia, ee, F., Greece.
Greecus, a, um, Greek.
Graius, a, um, Greek.
grallee, arum, F., stilts.

gramen, inis, N., grass, herb.
grámineus, a, um, grassy.
Tgrammaticus, a, um, of grammar ;
M., philologist ; F., (-c6, 68), gram-
mar; N. pl, philology.
lgrammatista, ee, M., grammar-
master.
granaria, orum, N. pl. granary.
granatus, a, um, /Aaving seeds or
grains ; F., pomegranate.
grandeevus, a, um, aged.
grandesco, 3, grow great.
grandiloquus, a, um, /of/j-speak-
ing, boastful, grandiloquent.
grandinat, i/ Aails.
grandineus (-Oosus), a, um, full E
hail.
grandio, 4, to enlarge, increase.
grandis, e, great, tall, strong, old,
sublime, grand.
granditas, atis, F., grandeur.
granditer, exceedingly.
grando, inis, F., Aail, haülstorm.
Gràanicus, M., a stream in Mysia.
granifer, era, um, carrying grain.
granum, i, N., grain, seed, kernel.
Qtgraphicus, a, um, of drawing.
tgraphis, idis, F., pencil, draught.
Tgraphium, i, N., wriling-style.
grassator, Oris, M., idler, rioter.
grassatura, ee, F. ,riotin g, waylaying.
grassor, I, roam, loiter, attack, stay.
grate, gladly, gratefully.
grates, F., thanks.
grátia, ee, F., favor, esteem, regard,
friendship, grace, influence.
gratia (abl.), for the sake of.
Gràtiee, arum, /he Graces, Aglaia,
Euphrosyne, Thalia.
gratiis (gratis), without reward.
gratificatio, F., showing kindness.
grátificor, t, do favors, gratify.
gratiosus, a, um, enjoying or show-
ing favor, agreeable, beloved.
grütor, I, rejoice, congratulate.
gratuitus, a, um, done without pay.
gratulatio, F., con gratulation, Joy.
gratulor, I, (0 "congratulate, give jo
or thanks.
gráütus, a, um, grateful, agreeable.
gravamen, inis, N., trouble, vexalion.

gravastellus — Hadriaticus. 81

gravastellus, i, M., gray-head.
gravate, reluctantly.
gravatim, with difficulty.
gravedo, inis, F., catarrh.
graveolens, tis, of rank odor.
gravesco, 3, grow heavy, teem.
gravido, 1, (o load, burden.
gravidus, a, um, burdened, teeming.
gravis, e, /ecavy, burdensome, deep,
of weight or influence, rank.
graviter, weightily, seriously, deeply.
gravitas, atis, F., weight, vehemence,
dignity, severity, rankness.

gravo, I, /o load heavily ; P., feel as -

a burden, be weary.

gregalis, e, of the herd or common
sort; pl., companions.

gregalis, o, of the herd.

gregarius, a, um, of (he herd, com-
mon (soldiers).

gregatim, in flocks or herds.

grego, I, herd together.

gremium, i, N., /ap, bosom.

gressus, [gradior, | stepping.

gressus, ls, M., a stepping, going.

grex, gregis, F., flock, herd, com-
pany, swarm, troop.

groma, ee, F., measuring-rod.

grossus, a, um, /hick, gross; M.,
green fiq.

grümus, i, M., hillock.

grunnio, 4, (o grunt.

grus, gruis, F., crane.

gryllo, r, :o chirp.

tgryllus, i, M., grasshopper, cricket.

Gryneus, i (of Grynia or Grynium,
a town of /Eolis), Apollo.

T&ryps, gryphis, w., griffin.

grypus, i, M., hook-nosed.

gübernaculum, i, N., helm, guid-
ance, government.

gübernatio, onis, F., steering, gov-
erning, piloting.

gübernator, Oris, M., pilot, steers-
man, governor.

guübernatrix, icis, F., directress.

güberno, I, steer, direct, govern.

gübernum, i, N., helm, rudder.

gula, ee, F., t/iroat, qullet.

gulo, onis, M., epicure, glutton.

gulosus, a, um, gluttonous, dainty.

gummeus (-atus), a, um, gummy.

1gummi, N. indec. ; -is, is, F., gum.

gurdus, i, M., dolt, blockhead.

gurges, itis, M., gqulf, abyss, stream,
Jlood, whirlpool, prodigal.

gurgulio, onis, r., gullet.

gurgustium, i, N., /ut.

gustatus, tis M., laste, flavor.

gusto, I, (o laste, enjoy.

gustus, üs ; -ulus, i, M., (aste, relish,
fore-taste.

gutta (-ula), ee, F., drop, spot, bit.

guttatim, drop by drop.

guttatus, a, um, speckled.

guttur, uris, N., //roat.

guttus, i, M., bottle, flask.

tgymnasium,i, N., school for train-
ing, gymnasium.

tgymnicus (gymnasticus) a, um,
gymnastic.

tgyneeceum, i, N., women's apart-
ment, an inner room.

BY DSO, I, (o plaster.

Tgypsum, i, N., plaster, stucco.

tgyrinus, i, M., tadpole.

gyro, t, to acheel in a circle.

Tgyrus,i, M., circle, ring, race-course.

Gytheéum, i, N., a port of Laconia.

H.

habena, ge, F., t/ong, rein.
habentia, ee, F., property.
habeo, ui, it-, 2, /ave, hold, regard,
consider, use, possess, enjoy.
habilis, e, handy, fit, expert.
habilitas, atis, F.. aptitude.
habitabilis, e, Aabitable.
habitatio, onis, F., dwelling, rent.
habitator, oris, M., dweller.
habito, 1, hold, possess, dwell.
habitüdo, inis, F., condition, habit.
habitürio, 4, desire to possess.
habitus, [habeo,] eid.
habitus, üs, M., condition, quality.
hàc, [hioc,] by this way.
hactenus, itherto, thus far.
Hadria, ee, M., the Adriatic.
Hadriaticus, a, um, of the Adri-
atic, the Sea E. of Italy.

82 Hadrumetum — Helle.

Hadrumetum, i, N., a city of N.
Africa.

heedinus, a, um, of a kid.

heedus (-illus), i, M., kid.

Heemonia, e, F. a name of
Thessaly.

Heemus, i, w., the Balkan, mts. of
Thrace.

heereo, heesi, hees-, 2, to cling, stay,
stick fast.

heeres—heres, eir.

1 haeresis, is (eos), F., sect, craft.

heesitatio, onis, EF, s/ammering,
hesitation.

heesito, I, stick, stammer, hesitate.

Halcyone—Alcyone.

halec—alec, brine.

haleca—alica, mush.

Halesus, i, son of Agamemnon.

Halicarnassus, i| F., a city of
Caria.

halitus, üs, M., breath, vapor.

hallex—allex, t/wnmb.

hallucinor—alücinor, dream.

halo, 1, breathe, exhale.

1halophanta, ee, F., salt-informer,
villain.

1 halos, 6, F., Lalo.

Thalter, eris, M., dumb-bell.

Halys, yos, M., a river of Asia
Minor.

1hama (-ula), ee, F., evater-bucket.

hamadryas, adis, F., wood-nymph.

hàmatilis, e, hooked.

hamatus, a, um, ALooked, crooked.

1 hamaxagoga, ee, N., «aggoner.

1hàmaxo, 1, /o yoke to a waggon.

Hamilcar, áris, father of Hanni-
bal, chief in the rst Punic war.

hamiota, ee, w., angler.

hàmus (-ulus), i, M., hook, talon.

Hannibal, ális, a Carthaginian
chieftain, B.C., 247-183.

Hanno, onis, a general of Carth-
age, enemy of Hannibal.

1 haphe, es, rF., dust, sand.

hara, ee, F., pen, coop, sty.

harena—-arena, sand.

hariolor, 1, prophesy, talk nonsense.

hariolus, i, «. ; -ola, ee, F., diviner.

harmonia, ee, F., harmony, concord.

1 harpago, r1, to plunder.
]harpago, onis, M.

rappling-
hook. T E

. T harpax, ágis, rapacious.

1 harpe, 6s, r., sickle, falcon.

Harpyia, e, a rapacious monster
half bird, half woman.

harundo—-arundo, reed.

haruspex, icis, M., diviner (from
entrails).

hasta, ee, F., spear, pike; sub
hastà, at auction.

hastatus, a, um, spear-armed, of the
front rank of the Roman legion.

hastile, is, N., spear-shaft.

hastula, &e, F., a litlle spear or
branch.

haud (hau, haut), not at all.

hauddum, not yet.

haudquaquam, £j no weans.

haurio, hausi, haust-., 4, draw,
drain, consume.

haustus, üs, M., drawing, draught.

haveo-—aveo, covet.

1 hebdomas, ádis, F., a week, seven.

Hebe, es, goddess of Youth.

hebeo, 2 ; (-esco, 3), ^e blunt.

hebés, étis, blunt, dull, dim.

hebeto, 1, make blunt.

Hebrus, i, M., a river of Thrace.

Hecate, es, F. goddess of en-
chantments. ;

hecatombe, 6s, F., hecatomb.

Hector, óris, óra, son of Priam,
champion of Troy.

Hecuba, ee, wife of Priam.

hedera, ee, F., ivy.

hederàátus, a, um, ivy-crowned.

thedychrum, i, N., cosmetic.

hei ! a/as !

t helcium, i, N., yoke (for hauling).

Helena, d. of Jupiter and Leda,
wife of Menelaus.

Héliádes, um, sisters of Phae-
thon, changed to poplars.

1 hélianthés, is, N., sunflowers.

f helice, es, r., ewillow, osier.—

Helicon, Onis, a mt. of Boeotia.

t helix, icis, F., fwining ivy.

Helle, es, myth. d. of Athamas,
drowned in the Hellespont.

helleborus — Hierosolyma. 83

Thelleborus, i, N., hellebore.
helluo—-heluo, g/utton.
Hellespontus, i, M., the strait of
Dardanelles, S. E. of Thrace.
1helops, Ópis, M., surgeon.
Helotes, um, the Spartans' slaves.
heluo, onis, M., glutton.
hé&luor (helluor)i:, gormandize.
helus (helvella)—olus, pot-/erb.
helvenacus (-veolus), a, um, pale
yellow, wellowish.
Helvetii, orum, people of Helve-
tia (Switzerland).
helvus, a, um, dun, yellowish brown.
hem! aA/ indeed !
hemina, ee, F., Aalf-a-pint.
1heémispheerium, i, N., half-globe.
Henna—Enna, a town of Sicily.
1 hepar, átis, N., liver.
1hepsema, átis, N., grape-marma-
lade.
1 heptas, ádis, r., //e number seven.
1 hepteris, is, F., seven-banked ship.
hera, ee, F., mistress, lady.
Heracleus, a, um ; -ides, ee, of, or
descended from, Hercules.
herba, ee, F., grass, herbage.
herbàáceus (-bidus), a, um, grassy.
herbesco, 3, grow like grass.
herbifer, era, um, grass-bearing.
herbilia, e, fed on grass.
herbosus, a, um, full of grass.
herbula, ee, r., a little herb.
hercisco, 3, /o divide inheritance.
hercle! 5y Hercules !
herctum, i, N., inheritance, estate.
Hercynia silva, a German forest.
Herculaneum, i, N., a town near
Naples, destroyed, A.D. 79.
Hercules, is, myth. son of Jupiter
and Alcména, god of Strength.
Herculeus, a, um, of Hercules.
here—heri, yesterday.
hereditarius, a, um, inherited.
hereditas, atis, F., inheritance.
heredium, i, N., inherited estate.
heres, edis, M., heir, owner.
heri (here), yesterday, lately.
herilis, e, of the master.
1hermaphroditus, i, of both sexes.
H?rmes (-ma), e, Mercury.

Hermione, es, d. of Menelaus.
Hernici, orum, an ancient people
of Latium.
Hero, üs, a priestess of Venus in
Sestos, beloved by Leander.
Herodotus, i, a Greek Historian,
of Halicarnassus, B.C. 450.

1 heroicus, a, um, of heroes.

T heroina, ee; -is, idis, F., /eroine.

] heros, ois, oa, M., Aero, demigod.

Therous, a, um, of a hero.

] herpes, etis, M., a creeping sore.

herus (erus), i, M., master, owner.

hervum (ervum),, wild pea.

Hesione, es, d. of Laomedon, res-
cued by Hercules.

Hesperia, ee, F., Greek or poetic
name for /(aly or Spain.

hesperius, a, um, western.

Hesperus, i, son of Cephalus and
Aurora; the Evening Star.

hesperus, i, M., west (vesper).

hesternus, a, um, [heri] yester-
day's; abl., yesterday.

1 heteeria, ee, F., secret society.

heu! a/as/

1 heuretes, ee, M., inventor.

heus! Aalloo ! ho!

1 hexameter, tri, M., hexameter.

1 hexeris, is, F., siz-banked ship.

hiasco, 3, to split open.

hiatus, us, M., cleft, opening.

hibernáculum, i, N. winter apart-
ment ; pl., winter tents.

Hibernia, ee, F., /reland.

hiberno, 1, pass the winter.

hibernus, a, um, of winter, wintry
N., pl., winter-quarters.

hibiscum, i, N., marsh-mallow.

hibrida, ee, C., mongrel, half-breed.

hic, heec, hoc, tis, the latter.

hic, here, hereupon, herein.

hic-ce, (his (emphatic).

hiccine, /Ais, here (interrog.)

hiemalis, e, wintry, of. winter.

hiemo, 1, pass the winter; be cold,
frozen or stormy.

hiems (ps), mis, F., winter, storm.

hieratius, a, um, of sacred use.

Hiero, onis, ruler of Syracuse.

Hierosolyma, orum, Jerusalem.

84 hieto — horrens.

hieto, 1, yawn, gape.

Thilaris, e; -us, a, um, cheerful,
merry ; N. pl, spring-games.

hilaritas, atis, F., cheer, mirth.

hilaritüdo, inis, F., c/ieerfulness. ,

hilaro, 1, gladden, exhilarate.

hillee, arum, r., entrails.

hilum, i, N., trifle.

Himera, e, a river and town of
Sicily.

hinc, ence, hereafter, this side, ago.

hinnio, 4, (o neigh.

hinnitus, üs, M., neighing.

hinnuleus, i, M., young deer.

T hinnus (-ulus), i, ., mule.

hio, hiaxi, hiat-, I, yawn, gape.

1 hippace, es, F., cheese (of mare's
milk).

1 hippagoei, pl., horse-transports.

Hippo, onis, a city of Numidia.

Hippocrene, es, r., a fountain of
the Muses near Helicon.

Hippodame, es (-ia, ee), myth. wife
of Pelops ; also, of Pirithous.

1 hippodromos, i, M., race-course.

Hippolyte, es, an Amazon, w. of
Theseus, mother of Hippolytus.

1 hippomanes, is, N., horse-heat, (a
slime or excrescence).

T hir, N., hand.

hircinus, a, um, of a goat.

hircosus, a, um, /ike a goat.

hircus, i, M., he-goat, rankness.

hirnea (-ula), ee, F., vater-jug.

birpex—irpex, harrow. :

Hirpini, orum, people of S. Italy.

hirquus—hircus, goat.

hirrio, 4, /o snarl.

hirsütus, a, um, s/a99gy, bristly.

hirtus, a, um, hairy, shaggy.

hirüdo, inis, F., leech.:

hirundineus, (-ininus) a, um, of
swallows.

hirundo, inis, F., a swallow.

hisco, 35, /o open the lips, speak.

Hispania, ce, F., Spain.

Hispanus, a, um ; -iensis, e, Span-
ish; pl, Spaniards.

hispidus, a, um, /ristly, prickly.

Hister—Ister, Danube.

T historia, ee, F., history, tale, story.

historicus, a, um, historic ; M., his-
torian. xA

histricus, a, um, of stage-players.

histrio, onis, M., plagy-actor.

histrionia, ee, F., stage-play.

histrix—hystrix, porcupine.

hiulco, 1, cause to gape, open.

hiulcus, a, um, gaping, cleft, eager.

hodie, /o-day, now, at this time.

hodiernus, a, um, of to-day.

hcedus—heedus, Lid.

[T holo-, «wAole.

holus—olus, pot-herb.

Homericus, a, um, of Homer.

homicida, ee, C., man-slayer.

homicidium,i, N., homicide, murder.

homo, inis, C., man.

[Thomo., together.

homullus, -uncio, -unculus (dim.
of homo), manikin, petty man.

honestamentum, i, N., decoration.

honestas, atis, F., honor, beauty.

honeste, nobly, honorably.

honesto, 1, to adorn, honor.

honestus, a, um, Lonored, honora-
ble, noble.

honor (O5), Oris, M., Aonor, esteem,
dignity, reward, ornament.

honoràbilis, e, winning honor.

honorarius, a, um, conferring
honor ; N., gift.

honorate, honorably.

honoratus, a, um, distinguished,

' honored.

honorificus, a, um, doing honor.

honoro, 1, adorn, respect, honor.

honorus, a, um, woríhy of honor.

hora, ee, F., lour, season.

hordeàaceus (-arius, -eius), a, um,
of barley.

hordeum, i, N., barley.

hordus—fordus, wilh young.

horia, ee, F., fishing-boat.

horiola, ee, F., skiff.

horior, 3, cheer, encourage.

t horizon, ontis, M., bounding-line.

hornus (-otinus), a, um, belonging
to this year.

horologium, 1, N., clock.

horrendus, a, um, dreadful, awful.

horrens, tis, fearful, terrible, rough.

horreo — hydrus. 85

horreo, 2, bristle shudder at, be
rough or dreadful.

horresco, ui, 5, grow rough, tremble.

horreum, i, N., barn, granary.

horribilis, e, dreadful, horrible.

horridus (-ulus) a, um, rough,
shaggy, scraggy, bristling, frightful.

horrifer, era, um, bringing dread.

horrifico, 1, make rough, rufjle.

horrificus, a, um, causing horror.

horrisonus, a, um, of dreadful
sound.

horror, Oris, w., bristling, trembling,
dread, bugbear, rudeness.

horsum, /his way. -

hortamen, inis; -mentum, i, N.,
encouragement.

hortatio, onis, F., exhortation.

hortativus, a, um, serving for cheer.

hortator, oris, M., exhorter.

hortatus, üs, M., exhorting.

hortensis, e; -sius, a, um, of a
garden.

Hortensius, i; the Roman orator,
A.D. 114—52.

hortor, 1, cheer, exhort, urge.

hortus (-ulus), i, M., garden.

hospés, itis, host, quest, stranger ;
M., (as ad].), foreign, hospitable.

hospita, ee, F. ; -ta, orum, N. pl,
foreign, hospitable.

hospita, ee, F., hostess.

hospitalis, e, /;ospitable, of a guest.

hospitalitas, F., hospitality.

hospitaliter, Aospitably, as a. guest.

hospitium, i, N., hospitality, inn,
guest-chamber.

hospitor, r1, /o be a guest.

hostia, ee, F., victim (for sacrifice).

hosticus, a, um, /Ae enemy's.

hostilis, e, of an enemy, hostile.

Hostilius, Tullus, the third king
of Rome, B.C., 679-630.

hostio, 4, requite, strike.

hostis, is, C., stranger, enemy.

hostus, i, M., yield of olives.

huc (interr. -cine), hither, thus far.

hucusque, /itherto.

hui! Aa/

hujusmodi (-cemodi), of this sort.

humane, Aumanly, kindly.

humanitas, atis, F., human nature,
mankind, refinement.

humaniter, /ike men, courteously.

humanitus, in the manner of men.

hümanus, a, um, Auman, humane,
gentle, refined, courteous.

humatio, Onis, F., burial.

hümecto, 1, moisten.

humectus, a, um, moist, wet.

hümefacio, fact- 3, /o moisten.

huümeo, 2 (-esco, 3), (o be or. grow
Qoist.

humerus, i, M., shoulder, back, ridge.

humi, on the ground.

hümidulus, damp.

hümidus, a, um, moist, wet.

humifer, era, um, bringing wet.

humificus, a, um, moistening.

humilio, 1, abase.

humilis, e, /ow, lowly, base, humble.

humilitas, atis, F. /humbleness,
lowness, meanness, humility.

humiliter, deeply, lowly, basely.

humo, 1, /o bury.

hümor, oris, M., moisture, liquid.

hüumorosus, a, um, «wet.

humus, i, F., ground, soil, region.

1 hyacinthinus, a, um, Ayacinthine.

Hyacinthos, i, a youth of Sparta,
loved by Apollo.

Thyacinthus, i, M., blue-iris ( ?).

Hyadés, um, r. (rainers), a group
in the constellation Taurus.

1 hyeena, ee, F., hyena.

Thyalus, i, N., glass (green).

Hyantius, a, um, 5coftian.

hybernus—hibernus, wintry.

Hybla, ee (8, 68) F., a mt. of
Sicily, famous for honey.

Hydaspes, is, M., a river of India.

hydra, ee, water-snake.

Ilydra, ee, F., the hydra (lake-
monster) slain by Hercules.

Thydrargyrus, i, M., quicksilver.

T1 hydraulus, i, M., water-organ.

Thydreuma, atis, N., watering Or
resting place for caravans.

Thydria, ee, F., water-pot, pücher.

1hydromeli, itis, N., mead.

Tt hydrops, Opis, M., dropsy.

Thydrus (os), i, M., water-snake.

86 Hydrus — ignorabilis.

Hydrüs, untis, Otranto, a city of |

Calabria.

hyems-—-hiems, winter.

Hygea (-1ia, -6ia), ee, goddess of
Health.

Hylas, e, a youth of Argos, loved
by Hercules.

Hyllus, i, son of Hercules.

Hymen, enis (-eeus, i), M., god of
Marriage.

Thymen, enis, M., marriage-song,
marriage, wedding.

Hymettus (0s) i M. a mt. near
Athens, famous for honey and
marble.

hymnus, i, M., hymn, song.

Thypeethrus, a, um, open to the sky.

1 hyperbole, es, F., eraggeration.

Hyperborei, orum, people of the
extreme north.

] hyperboreus, a, um, northern.

Hyperion, ónis, father of the Sun.

[hypocaustum, i, N., heated bath-
room.

1hypocrita (es), ee, M., dumb-actor.

Thypogeum, i, N., cellar, vault.

]hypomnema, atis, N., memoran-
dum.

1 hypotheca, ee, F., security, pledge.

Hyrcanus, a, um, of the Caspian.

hystrix, icis, F., porcupine.

K.

Iacchus, i, a name of Bacchus.

jambus, i, M., i«mbus (S 79).

tianthinus, a, um, violét-colored.

Iapetos, i, father of the Titans.

Iapydes, um, people of Illyria.

Iapysgia, e, F., the peninsula of
S. E. Italy, country of Iapyx.

Iasius, i, son of Jupiter and Elec-
tra; also a king of Argos.

Iason, ónis, Jason, son of /Eson,
leader of the Argonauts.

Tiaspis, idis, F., Jasper.

1 Iberia, ee, F., Spain.

Ibérus, a, um, Spanish; of Iberia
(near the Caucasus).

lbex, icis, M., wild goat, chamois.

ibi, there, thereupon, at that time.
ibidem, just there, moreover.
Tibis, is (idis), F., ibis (an Egyptian
bird held sacred).
ibus for iis, [is,] (o or with them.
Icarus,i, myth. son of Daedalus,
drowned in the ZEgean sea.
iccirco (idcirco), on that account.
Tichneumon, Ónis, M., /2gyptian rat.
Ico, ici, ict-; 5, /o strike, hit, sting.
ictus, üs, M., bloic, stroke.
Ideeus, a, um, (of Mount Ida),
T'rojan or Cretan.
Idalium, i N. a city of Cyprus,
sacred to Venus.
tidea, ee, F., idea, creative type.
idem, eadem, ídem, same, very.
identidem, again and again.
ideo, so, therefore.
Tidiota, ee, M., rude, ignorant, or
common person.
tidolum (on), i, N., image, spectre.
Idomeneus,i, a Cretan hero in
the siege of Troy.
idonee, filly, properly.
idoneus, a, um, /i/, apt, capable.
idus, uum, F. pl. /des ($ 83), the
15th of March, May, July, Oct. ;
13th of the other months.
igitur, therefore, then (S 48, 5).
ignarus, a, um, ignorant, unaware,
inexperienced, heedless, unknown.
ignave (-iter), «diy, sluggishly.
ignavia, ee, F., sloth, cowardice.
ignavus, a, um, idle, slothful, cow-
ardly, unfruitful, sluggish.
ignesco, 3, kindle, take fire.
igneus (-olus) a, um, fiery, glow-
ing, hot, flaming, resplendent.
igniculus, i, M. /itile flame, spark.
ignifer, era, um, fire-bearing.
ignipes, pedis, /iery-footed.
ignipotens, tis, lord of fire.
ignis, is, M., fire, splendor, glow.
ignitus, a, um, fiery, glowing.

' ignivagus, a, um, /ike wild-fire.

ignobilis, e, unknown, obscure.
ignobilitas, atis, F., obscurily.
ignominia, ee, F., dishonor.
ignominiosus, a, um, disgraceful.
ignorabilis, e, unknown.

ignorantia — Ilva. 87

ignorantia, ee (-atio, Onis), F., want
of knowledge, ignorance.

ignoratus, a, um, unknown.

ignoro, 1, /o be ignorant of.

ignoscens, tis, forgiving, placable.

ignosco, novi, noOt-, 5, /o pardon,

- overlook, excuse, forgive.

ignotus, a, um, unknown.

ilex, icis, F., scarlet or holm oak.

Ilia, e (Rhaa Sylvia), mother of
Romulus and Remus.

ilia, um, N., groin, flank.

Iliacus (Ilius), a, um, 77ojan.

Iliades, ee, 7'rojan.

Iliás, adis, 7J'rojan woman.

ilicet, /et us go, all is over, at once.

ilicetum, i, N., Aolm-grove.

iliegnus (-ceus), a, um, of Aolm.

Ilion (-um), i, N., Troy.

TIhthyia, ee, Lucina.

illa, by that way.

illabefactus, a, um, unbroken.

illabor, laps-, 3, glide or fall upon.

illaboratus, a, um, untoiled-for

illaboro, 1, work upon.

illac, on that side.

illacessitus, a, um, unprovoled.

illacrimabilis, e, wnwept, pitiless.

illacrimo (-or), 1, «eep over, trickle.

illeesus, [1eedo,] unimpaired.

illeetabilis, e, c/eerless, gloomy.

illapsus, üs, M., [làbor, | /lowing-in.

illaqueo, 1, to ensnare, entangle.

illatenus, /Aus far.

illatio, onis, F., bringing-in, burial.

illatro, ir, /o bark at.

illatus, [infero,] brought.

illaudatus, a, um, unpraised.

illautus, |lavo,] unwashed.

ille, illa, illud, /Aat, the former, the
well-known (S 20, ii.).

illecebra, ee, F., charm, lure.

illecebrosus, a, um, enticing.

illectamentum, i, N., charm.

illectus, [lego,]| not gathered or
read ; [ilicio, | allured. :

illepidus, a, um, unpleasing.

illex, eegis, lawless.

illex, icis, alluring, enticing.

illibatus, a, um, unimpaired.

illiberabilis, e, sordid, mean.

illiberalitas, atis, F., meanness.

illiberaliter, ignobly, meanly.

illic, illeec, illoc (illuc), (Aat, yon-
der (interrog. -cine).

illic, /ere, yonder.

il-licio, lexi, lect., 3, entice, allure.

illicitator, Oris, M., mock-bidder.

illicite, unlawfully.

illicitus, a, um, forbidden, unlawful.

illicium, i, N., enticement, charm.

illico, there, on the spot.

illido, si, sum, [1eedo,] 5, to drive,
dash against, crush.

illigo, t, bind, fasten, encumber.

illim—illinc, thence.

illimis, e, clear of. mud.

illinc, 'hence, from that quarter.

illino, levi, lit- 3 ; -io, 4, (o smear,
bespread, anoint.

illiquefactus, a, um, liquid.

illisus, [illido,] erushed.

illisus, üs, M ; -sio, Onis, F., dash-
ing, striking.

illiteratus, a, um, unlettered.

illitus, [illino,] besmeared.

illix—illex, enticing.

illo, thither, to that end.

illoc, tAither, that.

illotus, [lavo,] unwashed, dirty.

illuc, to that place.

illüceo, 2, to shine upon.

illucesco, luxi, 3, (o grow bright,
dawn, shine upon.

illüdo, si, sum, 3, play, mock, de-
stroy, abuse.

illuminate, clearly, luminously. |

illumino, 1, make bright, illustrious,
or conspicuous.

illünis, e; us, a, um, without moon.

illusio, enis; F., mocking.

illusor, Oris, N., mocker, scoffer.

illustris, e, bright, clear, famous.

illustro, r, brighten, illuminate.

illusus, [1üdo, | mocked.

illütibilis, e, indelible.

ilutus—illotus, unwashed.

illuvies, ei, F., fouíness, dirt.

Illyricus, a, um, of llilyria, the
coast dist. N.-W. of Epirus.

Ilus, i, myth. founder of Ilium.

Ilva, ee, F., the island Elba.

88 imaginarius — immurmuro.

imaginarius, a, um, of images,
seeming e N., standard-bearer.
imaginatio, Onis, F., fancy.
imagino, I, (o shape, represent.
imaginor, I, /0 fancy, imagine.
imago, inis, F., image, copy, figure,
likeness, semblance.
imbecillitas, atis, F., feebleness.
imbecillus, a, um, /feeble, helpless.
imbellia, ee, F., unfilness for war.
imbellis, e, unwarlike, peaceful.
imber, bris, M., rain-storm, water.
imberbis, e; -bus, a, um, beardiess.
imbibo, bi, 3, drink in, resolve.
imbito, 3, enter.
imbracteo, 1, /o plate (with gold).
imbrex, icis, F., roof-tile, guter.
Imbricitor, Oris, M., rain-giver.
imbrico, I, cover with tiles.
imbricus, a, um, rainy.
imbrifer, era, um, rain-bringing.
imbuo, ui, üt-, 5, (o saturate, stain,
train, instruct, imbue.
imitabilis, e, (/;at ma be copied.
imitamen, Ínis, N., likeness, copy.
imitatio, Onis, F., àmitation.
imitator, Oris, M., copyist.
imitor (-to), I, (o imitate, copy.
imitus, from the bottom.
immadesco, madui, 3, grow moist.
immanis, e, monstrous, fierce.
immanitas, atis, F., cruceity, vast-
ness, ferocity, excess.
immaniter, excessively, fiercely.
immansuetus, a, um, untamed.
immaturitas, atis, F., unripeness.
immatuürus, a, um, untimely, un-
ripe, premature. ;
immedicabilis, e, incurable.
immeditatus, a, um, unstudied.
immemor, óris, unmindful.
immemorabilis, e, not to be told.
immemoraàtus, a, um, untold.
immense, vastly, immensely.
immensitas, atis, F., vasíness.
immensus, a, um, boundless, vast,
immeo, I, /o enter.
immerens, tis, undeserving.
immergo, si, sum, 5, /o plunge.
immerito, unjustly, without cause.
immeritus, a, um, undeserved.

"*

immersabilis, e, not to be drowned.
immersus, [mergo,] p/unged.
immetaàtus, a, um, unmeasured.
immigro, I, remove into.
imminens, tis, (/;ireatening.
immineo, 2, overhang, border om,
impend, threaten, be intent on.
imminuo, ui, üt-, 3, /essen, ruin.
imminütio, onis, F., /essening.
imminuütus, a, um, undiminished.
immisceo, scui, xt- (st), 2, (o min-
gle, blend.
immiseràbilis, e, unpified.
immisericors, dis, merciless.
immitis, e, Aarsh, rude, cruel.
immitto, misi, miss-, 3, admit, in-
troduce, send against, let grow.
immixtus, [misceo, ] mingled in.
immo, nay, surely, on the contrary.
immobilis, e, 2mmovable.
immoderate, extravagantly.
immoderatus, a, um, unrestrained.
immodestia, ee, F., unrestraint.
immodestus, a, um, unrestrained.
immodice, immoderately.
immodicus, a, um, without bounds,
unruly, extravagant.
immodulatus, a, um, unrhythmic.
immolatio, onis, F., sacrifice.
immolator, Oris, M., sacrificer.
immolitus, a, um, built up.
immolo, 1, [mola, | to sprinkle (with
meal), sacrifice.
immordeo, di, sum, 3, bi/e upon.
immorior, mortuus, 3, die upon.
immoror, I, /inger, delay.
immorsus, [mordeo,] corroded.
immortalis, e, deathless, endless.
immortalitas, àtis, F., immortality.
immotus, [moveo,] wnmoved.
immuügio, 4, roar within.
immulgeo, 2, milk into.
immunditia, ee, F., uncleanness.
immundus, a, um, unclean, foul.
immuünificus, a, um, s/ingy.
immuünio, 4, fortifj.
immuünis, e, exempt, devoid.
immiünitas, atis, F., exemption,
freedom from burdens.
immuünitus, a, um, unfortified.
immurmuro, I, (o0 murmur against.

immutabilis — impluvium. 89

immuütabilis, e, changed ; unchang-
ing, unalterable.
immütatio, Onis, F., exchange.
immütatus, a, um, unchanged.
immuütesco, mütui, 3, grow dumb.
immiüto, 1, /o change, alter.
imo—immo, surely.
impácatus, a, um, unsubdued.
impactus, [impingo,] struck, hit.
impages, is, F., frame-work, border.
impar, páris, unequal, inferior.
imparáàtus, a, um, unprepared.
impartio—impertio, impart.
impastus, a, um, unfed, famished.
impatibilis, e, insuff/erable.
impatiens, tis, not enduring.
impatientia, ee, F., impatience.
impavidus, a, um, fearíess. :
impedimentum, i, N., hindrance ;
pl., ^aggage, army-train.
impedio, 4, hinder, clasp, entangle.
impeditio, Onis, F., obstruction.
impeditus, a, um, obsíructed, en-
cumbered, embarrassed.
impello, puli, puls-, 5, push against,
urge, rouse, subdue, destroy.
impendeo, 2, overhang, impend.
impendiosus, a, um, extravagant.
impendium, i, N., erpense, outlay.
impendo, di, sum, 3, weigh out,
expend, employ, devote.
impenetrabilis, e, impenetrable.
impense, a/ great cost, eagerly.
impensus, a, um, «ample, grand,
costly, strong, vehement.
imperativus, a, um, 5y orders.
imperator, Oris, M., commander,
general, director, chief.
imperatorius, a, um, of a general.
imperatum, i, N., a command.
imperceptus, a, um, unperceived.
imperco, [parco,] 3, !o spare.
impercussus, [quatio,] not struck.
imperditus, a, um, not destroyed.
imperfectus, a, um, unfinished.
imperfossus, a, um, not stabbed.
imperialis, e, of the empire.
imperiosus, a, um, 4aving command
or dominion, tyrannical.
imperite, awkwardly, unskillfully.
imperitia, ee, F., lack of skill.

imperito, [impero,] (o command.
imperitus, a, um, inezperienced,
unskilled, ignorant.
imperium, i, N., military authorit; J»
order, command, dominion.
impermissus, a, um, forbidden.
impero, 1, (o command, rule, require,
order, exact, impose, prescribe.
imperterritus [terreo, | undaunted.
impertio, 4, share, impart, bestow.
impervius, a, um, impassable.
impetigo, inis, F., scurf.
impeto, 3, assail, attack.
impetrabilis, e, obtainable, success-
ful, propitious.
impetrio, 4, obtain by omens.
impetritum, i, N., à good omen.
impetro, r, obtain by request, effect.
impetus, us, M., attack, assault.
impexus, [pecto,] uncombed.
impico, r, cover with tar.
impie, impiously.
impietas, atis, F., ?mpiety, treason.
impiger, gra, um, active, bold.
impigre, actively, readily.
impilia, um, N., felt shoes.
impingo, pegi, pact-, 3, strike, hit.
impio, I, defile, pollute.
impius, a, um, without reverence,
undutiful, impious, wicked.
implacabilis, e, unappeasable.
implacatus, a, um, unappeased.
implacidus, a, um, ungentle, rude.
implecto, xi, xum, 3, interweave.
impleo, evi, et-, 2, to fill up, com-
plete, satisfy, fulfil, finish.
implexus, | plecto,] interwoven.
implexus, us, M., embrace.
implicatio, onis, F., interweaving.
implicatus, a, um, intricate.
impliciscor, 3, get entangled.
implicite, intricately.
implico, avi (ui), at- (it-) r, entan-
gle, entwine, involve, envelop.
imploratio, onis, F., imploring.
imploro, t, entreat, beseech, implore.
implümis, e, featherless, unfledged.
impluo, ui, üt-, 3, rain upon.
impluviaátus, a, um, square-bor-
dered (like a rain-tank).
impluvium, i, N., rain-basin.

90 impoenitus — inamabilis.

impoenitus, a, um, unpunished.
impolitia, ee, F., negligence.
impolitus, a, um, unpolished, rude.
impollütus, a, um, unstained.
impono, sui, sit- (st-), 5, put upon,
embark, impose, appoint, deceie.
imporcatus, a, um, in furrows.
importo, I, bring in, import.
importünitas, atis, F., unfilness,
rudeness, obtrusiveness.
importünus, a, um, unfit, rude,
grievous, dangerous, cruel, churlish.
importuosus, a, um, Aarborless.
impos, pótis, not master of.
impositicius, a, um, applied, laid on.
impositio, onis, F., application.
impossibilis, e, impossible.
impostor, Oris, M., deceiver.
impostus, |pono,] put upon.
impotens, tis, weak, ungovernable.
impotenter, weakly, passionately.
impotentia, ee, F., want, poverty,
ungovernableness, violence.
impreepeditus, a, um, unAindered.
impreesentiarum, for the present.
impransus, a, um, fasting.
imprecatio, onis, invoking of evil.
imprecor, I, invoke, imprecate.
impresse, forcibly.
impressio, Onis, F., pressing upon,
pressure, attack, division.
imprimis, chiefly, in the first place.
imprimo, pressi, press-, 3, press
upon, stamp, mark, imprint.
improbaàbilis, e, no! to be approved.
improbàtio, onis, F., disapproval.
improbe, i/mmoderately, badly.
improbitas, atis, F., wickedness.
improbiter, badly, erroneously.
improbo, r1, disapprove, rescind.
improbus, (-ulus) a, um, ^ad,
wicked, monstrous, outrageous.
improcerus, a, um, undersized.
improfessus, a, um, undeclared.
impromptus, a, um, not ready.
improperatus a, um, not hasty.
impropero, r, Aasten, cast against.
improprius, a, um, not befitting.
improsper, era, um, unfortunate.
improtectus, [tego,] unsheltered.
improvidus, a, um, not foreseeing.

improviso, of a sudden.
improvisus, a, um, unforeseen.
imprüdens, tis, not foreseeing, un-
aware, inconsiderate.
imprüdenter, without foresight.
imprüdentia, ee, F., lack of fore-
sight, ignorance.
impübes, is, youthful, beardless.
impübescens, tis, growing.
impudens, tis, shameless.
impudenter, shamelessly.
impudentia, ee, F., shamelessness.
impudicitia, ee, immodesty.
impudicus, a, um, shameless, im-
modest, unchaste.
impugnatus, a, um, unassailed.
impugno, t, /o attack, oppose.
impulsio, Onis, F., pressure, im-
pulse, influence.
impulsor, Oris, M., instigator.
impulsus, [pello,] pushed.
impulsus, üs, M., ;mpulse, pressure.
impüné, with impunity.
impünis, e, unpunished.
impünitas, atis, F., impunity.
impunitus, a, um, unpunished.
impuratus, a, um, defiled.
impuüre, vilely, shamefully.
impüritas, atis; -ritia, ee, F., wun-
cleanness, impurity.
impürus, a, um, unclean, foul.
imputaátor, Oris, M., reckoner.
imputatus, a, um, unpruned.
imputo, 1, charge, reckon, ascribe..
imus [inferus,] a, um, /owest.
in (acc.), into; (abl), in on (856, i).
[in-— not; on or against.
inaccessus, a, um, inaccessible.
inacesco, cui, 3, grow sour.
Inachius, a, um, 0f Árgos ; Inachia
juvenca, /o, d. of Inachus,
changed to a heifer. |
Inachos,i, first myth. k. of Argos.
inactus, [inigo,] driven in.
ineedifico, 1, build upon, erect.
ineequáabilis, e, uneven, unequal.
ineequalis, e, unequal, unlike.
ineequo, r, /o make level.
ineestimàbilis, e, not to be valued.
inalbo, 1 ; (-esco, 3), whiten, dawn.
inamabilis, e, unlovely.

inambulatio — incolumis. 91

inambulátio, Onis, F., promenading.
inambulo, r1, pace to and fro.
inamoenus, a, um, gloomy.
inanimis, e; -us (atus), a, um, l/fe-
less, inanimate.
inanio, 4, make void.
inanis, e, empty, void, vain.
inanitas, atis, F., emptinesss.
inaniter, vainly, idly.
inaratus, a, um, untilled, fallow.
inardesco, arsi, 3, take fire.
inaresco, arui, 3, dry up.
Inarime, es, F., the I. Ischia, near
Naples.
inaro, r, £o plough in, cultivate.
inassuetus, a, um, unwonted.
inaudax, acis, timid.
inaudio, 4, ^hear, learn.
inauditus, a, um, unheard.
inauguro, I, practise divination.
inaures, ium, F., ear-drops.
inauro, I, gild, enrich.
inauspicatus, a, um, willout au-
spices, unlucky, inauspicious.
inausus, [audeo,] unventured.
[inb-—imb-.
inceeduus, a, um, uncut.
incalesco, calui, 3, grow hot.
incalfacio, 3, !o heat.
incallidus, a, um, unskilful.
incandesco, dui, 3, glow, kindle.
incanesco, nui, 5, turn gray.
incanto, I, sing, chant, bewitch.
incanus, a, um, quite hoary.
incassum, in vain.
incaute, incautiously.
incautus, a, um, /eedless, inconsid-
erate, unforeseen, dangerous.
incedo, cessi, cess-, 3, go, advance,
march, arrive, happen.
incenatus, a, um ; -nis, e, dinnerless.
incendium, i, N., fire, conflagration.
incendo, di, sum, 3, burn, kindle.
incensio, onis, F., burning.
incensus,a, um, unassessed, kindled.
inceptio, onis, F., beginning.
incepto, r, undertake.
inceptum, i, N,, attempt, undertaking.
inceptus, [-cipio, |] begun.
incerno, 3, sírow, sift.
incero, 1, smear with wax.

incerto, 1, make doubtful.
incertus, a, um, doubtful, unsure.
incesso, cessivi (cessi) 3, attack.
incessus, üs, M., pace, gait, attack.
incesto, 1, defile, dishonor.
incestus, a, um, impure, unchaste ;
N., lewdness, incest.
incestus, üs, M., incest, unchastity.
inchoatus, a, um, incomplete.
inchoo, t, fo found, begin.
incido, cidi, càs-, [cado,] 5, !o fall
upon, occur, happen.
incido, cidi, cis-, | ceedo,] 3, (o cut
into or off, inscribe, register.
incilis, e, cut in ; N., a ditch.
incilo, r, (o rebuke.
incingo, hxi, nct-, 3, gird about.
incipio, cepi, cept-,[capio,] 3, /o
begin, commence.
incipisso, 3, begin. à
incise (-im), in short clauses.
incisio, Onis, F., cuíting, clause.
incisüra, ee, F., incision.
incisus, [|incido,] cu/.
incitamentum, i, N., inducement.
incitate, violently.
incitatio, Onis, F., incitement.
incitatus, a, um, swift, eager.
incito, I, hasten, rouse, enlarge.
incitus, |cieo,] swift ; unmoved.
incivilis, e, uncivil, unjust.
inclamo (-ito), 1, cry out upon.
inclaresco, rui, 3, grow famous.
inclemens, tis, Aarsh, rude, bitter.
inclementer, /;arshly, severely.
inclementia, ee, F., harshness, rigor.
inclinatio, onis, F., leaning.
inclinatus, a, um, bent, low.
inclino, 1, lean, bend, give way.
includo, si, sum, [claudo,] 5, shut
up, enclose, obstruct, stop, finish.
inclüsio, Onis, F., confinement.
inclutus (-clitus), a, um, famous.
incoctus, [coquo,] uncooked, raw.
incogitabilis, e; -tatus, a, um,
thoughtless, inconceivable.
incognitus, [nosco, | unknown, un-
tried, unclaimed.
incola, ee, C., inhabitant, resident.
incolo, colui, 3, dwell, inhabit.
incolumis, e, safe, unharmed.

92

incolumitas, átis, F., safety.
incomitatus, a, um, unaltended.
incomitio, 1, /o insult.
incommendatus, a,
doned.
incommoditas, atis, F., inconven-
ience, damage.
incommodo, t, annoy, injure.
incommodus, a, um, /roublesome,
inconvenient; N., trouble, disaster.
incompertus, a, um, unknown.
incompositus, a, um, ///-arranged.
incomptus, |como,]| unadorned.
inconcessus, [cedo,] un/awful.
inconcilio, I, win over.
inconcinnus, a, um, inelegant.
inconcussus, |-cutio, | wuishaken.
inconditus, a, um, unfashioned.
incongruus, a, um, unsuitable.
inconsideratus, a, um, ^heedless,
unadvised, inconsiderate.
inconstans, tis, changeful, fickle.
inconstantia, ee, F., inconstancy.
inconsultus, a, um, indiscreet, un-
asked, without counsel.
incontinens, tis, in'emperate.
incontinentia, ee, F., greediness.
inconveniens, tis, unsuiled.
incoquo, xi, ct-, 5, boil in or with.
incorporalis, e, bodiless.
incorruptus, [rumpo, | unspoiled.
increbresco, brui, 3, /o increase.
increbro, r, repeat often.
incredibilis, e, incredible.
incrementum, i, N. growth, pro-
geny, increase.
increpito, r, chide, call, challenge.
increpo, (ui, it-), 1, call, on, chide.
incresco, crévi, 3, grow, increase.
incrétus, a, um, unsifted, mixed.
incruentus, a, um, b/oodless.
incrusto, I, /o cover, coat over.
incubatio, onis, F., brooding.
incubito, 1, /ie upon.
incubo, ui, it-, r, [ie on, brood, hatch.
incudo, di, sum, 3, forge.
inculco, r, trample, cram.
inculpàatus, a, um, lameless.
incultus, |colo,] untilled, rude.
incumbo, cubui, cubit-, 3, /ie or

um, aban-

lean upon, give earnest heed, yield. |

incolumitas — indignor.

incunabula, orum,
origin, birthplace. '
incüria, ee, F., negligence.
incuriosus, a, um, negligent, un-
concerned.
in-curro, 5, run upon, attack, meet.
incursio, Onis, F.; -sus, üs, M.,
onset, assault, attack.
incurso, I, /o assault.
incurvo, I, /o crook, bend.
incurvus, a, um, crooked, bent.
incüs, udis, r., anvil.
incüusatio, onis, F., accusation.
incüso, 1I, charge, blame, accuse.
incustoditus, a, um, unguarded.
incusus, [cüdo,] forged.
incutio, cussi, cuss-, [quatio,] 3.
strike upon or into, cast, hurl.
indagatio, onis, F., search.
indagator, Oris, M., explorer.
indages, is, F., search.
indago, 1, /o track, search.
inde, (hence, thereupon, next.
indebite (-to), unduly.
indebitus, a, um, undue.
indecens, tis, unseenly.
indecor, óris ; -óris, e, inglorious.
indecorus, a, um, unbecoming.
indefensus, a, um, unprotected.
indefessus, a, um, unwearied.
indemnatus, a, um, uncondemned.
indemnis, e, [damno,] unharmed.
index, icis, C., informer, spy, title.
indicens, tis, not telling.
indicium, i, N., note, discovery, mark.
indico, r, point out.
indico, xi, ct-, 3, appoint, declare.
indictus, a, um, unsaid, unsung.
Indicus, a, um, of India.
indidem, from the same place.
indigena, ee, C., native. |
indigens, tis ; -es, is, needy.
indigeo, ui, [egeo,] 2, !o need.
indigestus, a, um, disordered.
Indigetes, um, pl., deified heroes.
indignans, tis, wrathful. ;
indignatio, Onis, F., wralh, dis-
pleasure.
indignitas, atis, F., un?worthiness.
indignor, 1, deem unworlhy, be
angry.

N., cradle,

indignus — infindo. 93

indignus, a, um, unworthy, wrong.
indigus (-uus), a, um, | egeo, | need y.
indiligens, tis, careless, negligent.
indipiscor, eptus, 3, obíain, begin.
indiscretus, a, um, unparted.
indistinctus, a, um, confused.
inditus, a, um, put upon.
individuus, a, um, indivisible.
indivisus, a, um, undivided.
indo, didi, dit-, 3, pu! into, impart.
indocilis, e, unteachable, untaught.
indoctus, a, um, wnlearned, un-
skilled, ignorant.
indoles, is, F., quality, talent.
indolesco, dolui, 3, !o feel pain.
indomitus, a, um, unsubdued.
indormio, 4, fall asleep over.
indotatus, a, um, unportioned.
[indu-— in-.
indubitàatus, a, um, undoubted.
indubito, 1, (o doubt respecting.
indüco, xi, ct-, 3, bring in or upon,
exhibit, mislead, spread, upon.
inductio, onis, F., bringing-in, pur-
pose, resolution.
indulgens, tis, fond, kind, tender.
indulgentia, ee, F., indulgence.
indulgeo, si, sum, 2, to be kind. or
fond, indulge, permit.
indümentum, i, N., garment.
induo, ui, üt-, 5, put on, assume.
indüresco, rui, 3, grow hard.
indüuro, r, Aarden.
Indus,a, um, of India ; pl., Hindus.
indüsium, i, N., under-garment.
industria, ee, F., diligence, industry ;
de industria, on purpose.
industrius, a, um, active, diligent.
indütiee, arum, F., í(ruce, pause.
indütilis, e, /at can be put on.
indütus, [induo,]| put on.
induviee, arum, F., garments.
inebrio, r, (o make drunk.
inedia, ee, [edo,] F., fasting.
inéluctàbilis, e, inevitable.
inemptus, [emo,] vnbought.
ineo, ii (ivi) it, 4, (o go in, enter
upon, begin. .
inepte, foolishly, absurdly.
ineptiee, arum, F., follies, trifles.
ineptus, a, um, foolish, silly, unfit.

inequito, 1, ride upon, traverse.
inermis, e; -us, a, um, unarmed.
inerro, r, ramble about.
iners, tis, [ars,] unskilled, sluggish.
inertia, ee, F., s/oth, ignorance, lack
of skill or energy.
inesco, 1, entice with bait, satisfy.
inexhaustus, a, um, unexhausted.
inexorabilis, e, inexorable.
inexpertus, a, um, uníried, un-
wonted, inexperienced.
inexplicabilis, e, intricate.
inexpugnabilis, e, impregnable.
inexsuperaàbilis, e, insurmountable.
inextricabilis, e, inextricable.
infabre, unskilfully. — H
infacetus,a, um, coarse, rude, blunt.
infamia, ee, F., il] repute, disgrace.
infamis, e, disreputable, infamous.
infamo, r1, (o defame, accuse.
infandus, a, um, unspeakable, hor-
rible, shocking.
infans, tis, speechless ; C., child.
infantia, ee, F., lack of eloquence,
infancy, childhood.
infaustus, a, um, unfortunate.
infector, Oris, M., a dyer.
infectus, | facio, | unwrought, unfin-
ished; [inficio,] stained.
infecundus, a, um, unfruitful.
infelix, icis, barren, unhappy.
infenso, 1I, ravage.
infensus, a, um, hostile, dangerous.
inferiee, arum, F., offerings for the
dead.
inferior, us, lower, later.
infernus, a, um, beneath, infernal.
infero, tuli, lat-, bring in or upon.
inferus, a, um ($ 17, iii), what is
below ; pl., of the lower world.
infeste, violently.
infesto, 1, to attack, molest, injure.
infestus, a, um, unsafe, hostile.
inficiens, tis, ineffective.
inficio, feci, fect-, 3, stain, imbue.
inficior—infitior, deny.
infidelis, e, unfaihful, faithless.
infidus, a, um, unírusty, unsafe.
infigo, xi, xum, 3, fiz, thrust, fasten.
infimus—imus, /owest, last.
infindo, fidi, fiss-, 3, cleave, cut in.

94 infinitas — injurius.

infinitas, atis, F., boundlessness.
infinitus, a, um, /oundless, end-
less, unlimited, infinite.
infirmitas, atis, F., weakness.
infirmo, 1, /o weaken, disprove.
infirmus, a, um, weak, feeble.
infit, he (or she) begins (to speak).
infities, arum, F., denial.
infitiator, Oris, M., denier of debts.
infitior, 1, deny, disown.
inflammo, 1, kindle, excite, inflame.
inflatus, us, M., a bíast.
inflecto, xi, xum, 35, bend, change.
infletus, a, um, unwept.
inflexio, Onis F.; -xus, tis, M., bend.
infligo, ixi, ict-, 3, sírike against,
inflict, impose.
inflo, t, blow upon, inflate, puff up.
influo, xi, ct-, 5, flow in or upon.
infodio, fodi, foss-, 5, dig, bury.
informatio, Onis, F., outline.
informis, e, s/;apeless, deformed.
informo, I, give shape to, describe.
inforo, I, accuse in court.
infortunium, i, N., »isfortune.
infra, beneath, below.
infractus, |frango,] unbroken; ez-
hausted, hurt, broken.
infremo, ui, 3, !o bellow.
infrenis, e ; -atus, a, um, unbridled.
infreno, 1, bridle, curb, restrain.
infrequens, tis, rare, infrequent.
infrequentia, ee, F., fewness, scanti-
ness, lack of. attendance.
infrico, cui, ct- (cat-), t, rub in.
infringo, fregi, fract-, 5, break in on,
check, weaken, mitigate.
infrio, 1, crumble upon or into.
infula, ee, F., bandage, filet.
infundibulum, i, N., funnel.
infundo, füdi, füs-, 3, pour in or
upon, put or cast upon, impose.
infusco, r, make dark, stain.
ingemino, r, redouble, repeat.
ingemo (-isco), ui, 5, groan, lament.
ingenero, 1, implant.
ingeniosus, a, um, (talented, fit.
ingenitus, a, um, inborn.
ingenium, i, N., quality, disposition,
intellect, talent, genius, temper.
ingens, tis, huge, vast, mighty.

ingenuus, a, um, native, freeborn,
noble, ingenuous, delicate.
ingero, gessi, gest-, 5, (o pour or
throw in, obtrude, inflict.
ingestus, a, um, laid or forced upon.
inglorius, a, um, inglorious.
ingluvies, ei, F., crop, maw.
ingrate, ungratefutly.
ingratia, ee, F., thanklessness.
ingratiis, against one's will.
ingratus, a, um, (/Aankless, displeas-
ing, ungrateful.
ingravesco, 3, grow heavy, increase.
ingravo, 1, weigh down, make worse.
ingredior, gress-, 3, enter, advance.
ingressus, üs, M., advance, march.
ingruo, ui, 5, break in upon.
inguen, inis, N., groin, crotch.
ingurgito, r, plunge in, gorge, glut.
inhabilis, e, unfit, unhandy.
inheereo, si, sum, 2, cing, stick.
inhibeo, ui, it-, 2, /ay hold, check,
exercise, employ.
inhio, 1, gape at, stand open.
inhonestus, a, um, dishonorable.
inhonorus (-aátus) a, um, un-
honored.
inhorreo, ui, 2 ; -8cO, 3, s'and erect,
shudder, tremble, bristle.
inhospitus, a, um; -alis, e, in/ios-
pitable.
inhuümanitas, atis, F., barbarity.
inhümanus, a, um, rude, churlish.
inhumàátus, a, um, wnburied.
inibi, /herein, on the point of.
inigo, egi, act-, 3, drive in.
inimice, /ostilely.
inimicitia, e, F., hostility.
inimicus, a, um, unfriendly, hurt-
ful; M., foe, personal enemy.
iniquitas, atis, F., injustice.
iniquus, a, um, uneven, unjust, un-
fair, unfit, hostile, hurtful.
initium, i, N., beginning, element ;
pl., mysteries, sacred rites.
injicio, jeci, ject-, [jacio,] 3, cast
upon or against, impose, occasion.
injungo, nxi, nct-, 3, join, fasten,
bring upon, inflict, impose.
injuria, ee, F., injury, wrong.
injürius (-0sus), a, um, wrongful.

injussus — instillo. 95

injussus, a, um, voluntary, unbid.
injussu (abl.), without orders.
injustus, a, um, unjust, wrong.
[inl-—ill-; inm-—imm-.
innascor, nàtus, 3, 5e born in.
innato, 1, float or swim upon.
innecto, xui, xum, 3, fasten, join.
innitor, nis-, 3, /ean on.
inno, r, //oat in or upon.
innocens, tis, harmless, guiltless.
innocentia, ee, F., blamelessness.
innocuus, a, um, ZAarmless.
innotesco, tui, 5, become known.
innoxius, a, um, /armless, unhurt.
innumerus, a, um, countless.
innuo, ui, üt-, 3, nod to, hint.
innuptus, a, um, unwed.
Ino, üs, myth. d. of Cadmus.
inoculo, 1, engrajt.
inolesco, evi, it-, 3, grow upon.
inopia, ee, F., want, lack, need.
inopinans, tis, no! expecting.
inopinus (-natus, a, um), unez-
pected ; inopinato, of a sudden.
inops, óÓpis, poor, needy, helpless.
[inp-—imp.
inquam (inquio), sa; ($ 38, iii).
inquietus, a, um, restless.
inquilinus, i, M. ; -a, ee, F., lodger.
inquino, 1, defile, pollute.
inquiro, sivi, sit-, 3, search, scek.
inquisitio, Onis, F., investigation.
inquisitor, Oris, M., examiner.
[inr-—irr-.
insania, ee, F., madness, insanity.
insanio, 4, be insane, rave, rage.
insanitas, átis, F., unsoundness.
insanus, a, um, mad, crazy, violent.
insatiabilis, e, insatiable. :
inscendo, di, sum, 3, step upon.
insciens, tis, without knowledge.
inscitia (-ientia), ee, F., ignorance.
inscitus, a, um, ignorant, unskilled.
inscius, a, um, without knowledge.
inscribo, psi, pt-, 3, write upon, in-
scribe, attribute, subscribe.
inscriptio, Onis, F., title, inscription.
inscriptus, [scribo, ] not written on.
insculpo, psi, pt- 3, carve upon.
inseco, ui, ct-, I, cut into, cut up.
insectum, i, N., insect.

insectatio, Onis, F., pursuing.
insector (-to), 1, to pursue, rail at.
insepultus, a, um, /jidden, unburied.
insequor, cütus, 3, follow close,
pursue, strive after.
insero, sevi, sit-, 5, plant, engraft.
insero, ui, rt-, 3, introduce, insert.
inserto, I, put into, insert.
inservio, 4, be of. service, devoted.
insideo, sedi, sess-, 2, si! upon, be
fixed, established.
insidiee, arum, F., ambush, strata-
gem, plot, treachery.
insidior, 1, /ie in wait for.
insidiosus, a, um, deceitful, sly.
insido, sedi, sess-, 5, seille, occupy.
insignio, 4, put a mark upon.
insignis, e, marked, distinguished ;
N., sign of. distinction, badge.
insignitus, a, um, marked, clear.
insilio, ui, [salio,] 4, /eap upon.
insimulo, 1, al/ege, blame, accuse.
insinuo, r, wind in, thrust in, get at.
insipiens, tis, foolish.
insisto, stiti, 3, stand on, pursue.
insitio, Onis, F., grafiing.
insolens, tis, unwonted, haughty.
insolenter, unusually, haughtily.
insolentia, ee, F., novelty, arrogance.
insolitus, a, um, unwonted, strange.
insomnia, ee, F. ; sleeplessness.
insomnis, e, s/eepless.
insomnium, i, N., à dream.
insono, ui, it-, I, resound, roar.
insons, tis, guililess, harmless.
inspecto, r, look in on, view, inspect.
insperátus, a, um, unhoped-for.
inspergo, si, sum, 5, strow upon.
inspicio, exi, ect-, 3, look into,
examine, contemplate, consider.
insplco, 1, sharpen, make pointed.
inspiro, 1, breathe in, inspire.
instabilis, e, infirm, tottering.
instans, tis, urgent, present.
instanter, vehemently.
instantia, ee, F., steadiness, firmness.
instar (indec.), N., likeness, like.
instauro, I, renew, reunite.
insterno, stravi, at-, 3, overspread.
instigo, I, urge, incite, instigate.
instillo, 1, pour 63 drops.

96 instinctus — interimo.

instinctus, üs, M., instigation.
instinguo, nxi, nct-, 5, instigate.
instita, ee, F., border, flounce.
instito, I, press on.
institor, Oris, M., huckster, dealer.
instituo, ui, üt-, (statuo), 5, appoint,
train, establish, contrive, resolve.
institutio, Onis, F., custom, training.
institutum, i, N., institution, purpose.
insto, stiti, I, stand upon, urge.
instratus, [sterno,] spread.
instrepo, ui, it-, 3, resound.
' instructio, Onis, F., erection, array.
instrümentum, i, N., (ool, apparel.
instruo, xi, ct-, 3, build, furnish,
instruct, prepare, provide.
insuasum, i, N., a dark color.
insuavis, e, unpleasant.

Insuber, bris, Milanese, Insubrian.

insudo, I, sweat at or upon.
insuesco, evi, et-, 5, to get wont.
insuetus, a, um, unaccustomed.
insula, ee, F., island, block of. houses.
insulse, foolisAly.
insulsus, a, um, [sal,] insipid.
insulto, rt, /eap at or against, revile.
insum, esse, fui, be in or on, belong.
insümo, mpsi, mpt-, 5, take, apply.
insuo, ui, üt-, 3, sew in, add to.
insuper, above, moreover.
insuperabilis, e, insurmountable.
insurgo, rexi, rect-, 3, rise upon
or against, mount, rise.
insusurro, I, whisper to.
intabesco, tabui, 3, pine away.
intactus, a, um, untouched, untried.
intectus, [tego,] uncovered, open.
integer, a, um, sound, entire, whole.
intego, xi, ct- 3, /o cover.
integritas, atis, F., wholeness, sound-
ness, integrity, purity.
integro, I, renew, repeat, restore.
integumentum, i, N., covering.
intellectus, üs, M., understanding.
intelligens, tis, intelligent, skilled.
intelligentia, ee, F., intelligence.
intelligo, xi, ct-, [lego,] 3, !o per-
ceive, understand, discern.
intemeratus, a, um, undefiled.
intemperans, tis, immoderate, ex-
travagant, profligate.

intemperantia, ee, F., inclemency,
extravag gance, excess.
intemperie, arum, F. incidiun y.
intemperies, ei, F., tempoest, rage.
intempestus (-tivus), a, um, un-
seasonable, unwholesome, storm.
intendo, di, tum (sum), 5, stretch,
strain, spread, aim at, intend.
intentatus, a, um, unattempted.
intentio, onis, F., stretching, effort.
intento, I, síretch forth, threaten.
intentus, a, um, intent, strict, eager.

| inter, between, among, during.

[inter-, among, at intervals.
interamnus, a, um, between rivers.
interbito, 1, come to naught.
intercalo, 1, insert, introduce.
intercapédo, inis, F., interruption.
intercedo, cessi, cess-, 3, come or
go between, protest (as tribune).
intercessio, Onis, F., intervention.
Intercessor, Oris, M., interposer.
intercido, cidi, cis-, [| cedo, 3, cut
to pieces, cut down, divide.
intercido, idi, [cado,] 5, fall be-
tween, befall, happen, perish.
intercipio, cepi, cept-, [capio,] 5,
intercept, rob, hinder.
intercluüdo, si, sum, [claudo,] 5,
shut off, hinder, blockade.
intercurro, ri, rs-, 3, run between.
intercus, cüítis, under the skin.
interdico, xi, ct-, 3, interfere, for-
bid, interdict.
interdictum, i, N., prohibition.
interdiu, by daj-time.
interdum, at times, meanwhile.
interduo 3, give for a thing.
interea; /n ihe mean time, at times.
interémptio, F., s/aughter.
interemptus, [-imo,| destroyed.
intereo, ii, it-, 4, perish, go among.
interest, there is difference or advan-
tage (S 50, iv. 4).
interfectio, onis, F., killing.
interfector, Oris, M., s/ayer.
interficio, feci, fect-, [facio,] 3, to
kill; interfio, perish.
inter-fundo 5, pour between.
interim (ibi) meanwhile.
interimo, emi, empt., Lll, destroy.

interior — invenio. 97

interior ($ 17, iii), inner.
interitus, üs, M., ruin.
interjaceo, 2, /ie between.
interjectus, a, um, put between.
interjectus, üs, M., casting in.
interjacio. jeci, ject-, 3, (row in.
inter-lego, 5, pluck here and there.
interlino, levi, lit-, 5, smear, erase.
interloquor, cütus, 35, interrupt.
interluceo, xi, 2, shine, appear.
interluo, 3, wash, flow together.
intermino, 1, (hreaten, forbid.
inter-misceo, 2, mingle among.
intermissio, Onis, F., interruption.
intermissus, a, um, interrupted.
inter-mitto, 3, cease, discontinue.
' inter-morior, 5, perish, decay.
intermortuus, a, um, //feless.
internecio, Onis, F., massacre.
internodium, i, N., between-joints.
internuntius, i, M., messenger.
internus, a, um, inward, internal.
intero, trivi, trit-, 5, bruise, crumble.
interpello, 1, interrupt, disturb.
interpolo, I, give new shape to.
interpono, sui, sit-, 5, put between,
utter, decree, interpose, pledge.
interpres, étis, C., interpreter, agent.
interpretatio, Onis, F., ezplanation.
interpretor, t, explain, decide.
interprimo, essi, ess- 3, crush.
interregnum, i, N., between-reigns.
interrex, regis, M., regent.
interritus, a, um, undaunted.
interrogo, 1, ask, sue, argue.
inter-rumpo, 35, break off, interrupt.
interruptus, a, um, broken up.
inter-scindo, 3, tear asunder.
intersepio, psi, pt-, 4, fence in.
interstinguo, nxi, nct-, 3, part, kill.
intersum, esse, fui, be present at, or
among; differ (see interest).
intertexo, xui, xt-, 3, interwweave.
intervallum, i, N., interval (between
the palisades), difference.
inter-vello, 3, pluck out or away.
inter-venio, 4, come between.
interventus, üs, M., interposition.
interverto, ti, sum, 3, turn aside.
interviso, si, sum, 5, spy, inspect.
intestabilis, e, abominable.

intestatus, a, um, intestate.
intestinus, a, um, internal.
intexo, xui, xt-, 3, interweave.
intimus, a, um ($8 7, iii.), inmost,
deepest, secret, intimate.
intolerabilis, e, unbearable.
intolerandus, a, um, insupportable.
intolerans, tis, impatient.
intoleranter, immoderately.
intolerantia, ee, F., insolence.
intono, ui, it-, r, thunder.
intonsus, [tondeo, | unshorn.
intorqueo, si, tum, 3, twist, hurl.
intortus, (wisted, involved.
intra, within, inside of.
intremo, ui, 3, /o tremble.
intrepidus, a, um, undaunted.
intrico, r, entangle, perplez.
intrinsecus, inwardly.
intritus, a, um, [tero,] unworn.
intro, r, enter, penetrate.
intro, inwardly, within.
introduco, xi, ct-, 5, lead in.
introeo, ivi (ii), it-, 4, enter.
introitus, us, M., entrance.
intro-mitto, 3, send in, let in.
intorsum (-sus), inwardly.
introspicio, exi, ect-, 3, inspect.
intubus, i, D.; um, i, N., endive.
intueor, itus, 2, gaze on, observe.
intumesoco, mui, 3, /o get swollen.
intus, within, on the inside.
intütus, a, um, unguarded.
inultus, [ulciscor, | unpunished.
inumbro, 1, shade.
inundo, 1, overflow, inundate.
inurbanus, a, um, unpolished.
inüro, ussi, ust-, 3, brand, burn.
inusitatus, a, um, uncommon.
inusque, unto, even to.
inutilis, e, useless, huríful.
Inuus, i, a name of Pan.
invado, si, sum, 3, come upon, at-
tack, enter upon, befall.
invalesco, valui, 3, grow strong.
invalidus, a, um, weak.
invectio, Onis, F., importing.
inveho, xi, ct-, 3, bring in or upon,
attack, inveigh against.
invenio, veni, vent-, 4, come upon,
find, discover, invent.

L4

98 inventor — itinerarius.

inventor, oris, M. ; -trix, icis, F., à
finder, discoverer.
invenustus, a, um, ungraceful.
inverecundus, a, um, sAaieless.
invergo, 5, pour upon.
inversus, a, um, perverted.
inverto, ti, sum, 3, reverse, upset.
investigo, 1, track, trace.
inveterasco, 3, grow old or fixed.
invetero, I, make or grow old.
invicem, 5y turns.
invictus, a, um, unconquered.
invideo, vidi, vis-, 3, grudge, envy.
invidia, ee, F., envy, malice.
invidiosus, a, um, envious, odious.
invidus, a, um, envious.
invigilo, 1r, be watchful, take pains.
inviolatus, a, um, unharmed.
inviso, si, sum, 3, visit.
invisus, a, um, unseen, hated.
invito, 1, invite, summon, challenge.
invitus, a, um, unwilling, reluctant.
invius, a, um, pathless, inpassable.
invocatus, a, um, uncalled.
invoco, rt, call upon, name, invoke.
involo, 1, 1j into or upon.
involucrum, i, N., wrapper.
involvo, i, üt-, 35, roll upon, wrap.
Io, £üs (onis), myth. d. of Inachus,
changed to a heifer.
Iocasta, ee (6, 68), m. of CEdipus.
Iolcos, i, M., a port in Thessaly.
Ionia, ee, dist. of 12 Greek cities
on W. coast of Asia Minor.
Ionicus (-ius), a, um, of /onia.
Iphigenia, ee, d. of Agamemnon,
sacrificed to Diana at Aulis.
ipse (ipsus), a, um, (3 20, ii), self.
ira, ee, F., rage, anger.
iracundia, ee, F., wrath, temper.
iracundus, a, um, passionate.
irascor, 1, (0 be angry, wrathful.
iratus, a, um, enraged.
ircus—-hircus, goat.
Iris, idis, F., messen
iris, idis, F., rainbow, sword-lily.
irpex, icis, M., rake, harrow.
irrado, 3, scrape, shave.
irrasus, a, um, unshaven.
irreparáabilis, e, irretrievable.
irrepo, psi, 3, creep in or upon.

irrequietus, a, um, restless,

irretio, 4, ensnare, entangle.

irrideo, 1di, 1s-, 2, laugh at, jest.

irridiculus, a, um, /aughable.

irrigo, 1, /o water, irrigate, nourish.

irriguus, a, um, full of. water.

irrisus, [rideo, | mocked.

irrisus, üs, M., mockery, derision.

irritàmentum, i, N., stimulant.

irrito, I, excite, inflame.

irritus, a, um, vain, void, useless.

irrogo, I, propose, appoint, injlict.

irroro, r, (o moisten, bedew.

r-rumpo, 3, (o break or burst in.

irruo, ui, 5, rush or pour in.

irruptio, onis, F., bursting-in.

is, ea, id (8 20), he, she, this, that.

Isauria,ee, F., a dist. of Asia Minor.

Isis, is (idis) an Egyptian goddess.

Ismarus, i, M.; -a, orum, N, a
mountain range of Thrace.

Issus, i, F., a city of Cilicia, where
Darius was defeated, B.C. 333.

istac, this way.

iste, a, ud (S 20, ii), /Aat.

Ister, tri, «., the lower Danube.

Tisthmus, i, M., isthmus.

Isthmius, a, um, Z/sthmian ; N. pl.,
games celebrated near Corinth.

istic, eec, oc (uc), /his same.

istic, (ere, yonder.

istim, to that place.

istinc, (ence, from yonder.

istiusmódi, of (Aat sort.

isto, istoc, (/ither, yonder.

istorsum, (Aitherward.

Istria, ee, F., the dist. near Venice.

istuc, thither dnte pog. -cine).

ita, so, thus.

Italia, ee, F., Jtaly.

Italis, idis, F., an Italian woman.

Italus (-icus), a, um, /talian.

itaque, and so, therefore.

item, so, likewise, also.

iter, itineris, N., way, road, march.

itero, 1, repeat, relate.

iterum, «a second time.

Ithacus, a, um, of /íhaca, an 1.
west of Greece ; M., Ulysses.

itidem, in like manner.

itinerarius, a, um, of the march.

itio — justus.

itio, Onis, F. ; itus, tis, M., a going.

ito, 1 (freq. of eo), go.

Itys, yos, ya, myth. s. of Tereus,
changed to a pheasant.

Iulus, i a name of Ascanius, as
founder of the Julian family.
Ixion, Ónis, k. of Lapithze, bound
to a fiery wheel in Tartarus.

iynx, gis, F., wry-neck (a bird).

J.

jaceo, ui, jacit-, 2, lie.

jacio, jeci, jact-, 3, (row, utter.
jactantia, ee, F., loud. boasting.
jactatio, onis, F., (ossing about.
jacto, r, (oss, hurl, discuss, boast.
jactüra, ee, F., tirowing, cost, loss.

, jactus, üs, M., a throw, cast.

jaculor, 1, /o cast, hurl, shoot.
jaculum, i, N., javelin, dart.
jaculus, a, um, /hrown ; N., net.
jam, now, already, presently.
jampridem, now, long since.
Janiculum, a hill of Rome, be-
yond the Tiber.
janitor, oris, M., door-keeper. -
janua, ee, F., door, entrance.
Januarius, a, um, January.
Janus, i, the Italian Sun-god.
jecur, óris (inoris), N., liver.
jejünium, i, N. ; -itas, F., fasting.
jejünus, a, um, Aungry, sterile, dry.
jentaculum, i, N., early meal.
jocor (o), t, to jest.
jocosus, a, um, /esting, facetious.
jocularis, e, funny, laughable.
jocus (-culus), i, M., joke, jest, fun.
Jovis, gen. of Juppiter.
Juba, e, k. of Numidia, partisan
of Pompey ; d. B.c. 46.
juba, ee, F., mane, hair.
jubar, áris, N., sunbeam, radiance.
jubatus, a, um, crested.
jubeo, jussi, juss-, 2, order, com-
mand, bid, entreat, decree.
jücunditas, atis, F., pleasantness.
jücundus, a, um, glad, delightful.
Jüdeea, ee, F., Palestine.

& üudaicus (-eeus), a, um, Jewish.

9g.

judex, 1cis, M., judge, juror.
judicatio, onis, F., investigation.
judicialis, e, of the court.
judicium, i, N., court, trial, judg-
ment, sentence.
jüdico, 1, to judge, decide.
jugalis, e, of a yoke, nuptial.
jugerum, i; pl, era, um, wN., acre
(about $ of English acre).
jügis, e, constant, perennial.
juglans, dis, F., walnut.
jügo, t, bind, Join, marry.
jugulo, r, cut the throat, kill.
jugulum, i, N. ; -us, i, M., /Aroat.
jugum, i, N., yoke, cross-beam.
Jugurtha, e, king of Numidia,
capt. B.C. 106.

Julius, a, um, of July ; a Gens, in-
cluding the family of Caesar.
jümentum, i, N., beast of burden.

junceus, a, um, of rushes.

junctüra, ee, F., joint, connection.

juncus, i, M., rush.

jungo, nxi, nct-, 5, join, yoke.

jünior, Oris, younger ($17, iii.).

Junius, a, um,of June; a Gens, in-
cluding the family of Brutus.

jünix, icis, F., Aeifer.

Juno, onis, queen of Heaven.

Juppiter, Jóvis, Jupiter, son of
Saturn, king of gods.

Jura, e, M., the mt. W. of Helvetia.

jürator, Oris, M., wifness.

jüratus, a, um, under oath.

jüreus, a, um (jus), of broth.

jurgium, i, N., dispute.

jurgo, t, to quarrel, dispute.

jüris consultus, i, M. jurist. —

jürisdictio, onis, F., administration
of justice, legal authority.

jürisperitus, a, um, skilled in law.

juro (or) r, swear, take oath.

jus, jüris, N., law, right, justice.

jus, jüris, N., broth, soup, gravy.

jusjurandum ($ 14, ii, 2), oat^.

jussum, i, N. ; -us, us, M. command.

jussus, [jubeo,] ordered.

justitia, ee, F., justice.

justitium, i, N., vacation of court.

justus, a, um, just, true, due, right ;
N., Justice ; pl., ceremonies.

100

juvenalis, e, youthful.

juvencus, a, um, young ; M., bul-
lock; F., heifer.

juvenesco, nui, 5, become a youth.

juvenilis, e, youthful, cheerful.

juvenis, is (um), C., a youth.

juventa, ee ;- tas, tatis ; -tus, tutis,
F., youth (reckoned from 20 to 40).

juvo, jüvi, jüt-, t, help, gratify.

juxta, near, close by, directly, alike. :

juxtim, close by, near.

EK

K, the praenomen Keeso.
k, (kal or Kalendee, arum, F.),
kalends, first of the month (8 83).
Karthaginiensis, e, Carthaginian.
Karthago, inis, F., Carthage; a
Mehr and powerful city of
Africa, long a deadly rival
5 Rome ; taken and destroyed,
B.C. 146. — The Carthaginian
wars were, I. B.C. 264—241 ; 2.
B.C. 219-202 ; 3. B.C. 149-146.

L.

L, the pra. Lucius ; num.,—50.
labasco (-or), 3, totter, waver.
Labdacus, myth. k. of Thebes.
labe-facio, 3, /oosen, shake, weaken.
labefacto, 1, shatter, overthrow, ruin.
labefio, P. of labefacio.
labellum, i, N., /ip, bath-tub.
labeo, onis, M., blubber-lip.
labes, is, F., fall, ruin, stain.
labia, ee, F. ; labium, i, N., lip.
labo, r1, totter, waver, sink.
labor, lapsus, 3, glide, fall, err.
labor, oris, M., /oil, distress.
laboriosus, a, um, full of toil.
laboro, 1, labor, strive, suffer.
labrum, i, N., /ip, magazine, vat.
labrusca, ee, F. ; -cum, i, N., «wild
grape.
Labyrinthus, ij M. an intricate
building wrought by Daedalus
in Crete, for the Minotaur.

|

juvenalis — leevus.

lac, lactis, N., milk.

1 Laceena, ee, a Spartan woman.
[Lacedeemon, ónis, F., Sparta,
S.-E. dist. of Peloponnesus ;

Lacedeemonius, a, um, Spartan.
lacer, era, um, mangled, torn.
laceratio, onis, F., mangling.
lacerna, ee, F., a warm cloak.
lacero, 1, mangle, rail at, destroy.
lacertus, 1 M.; -ta, ee, F., lizard.
lacertus, i, M., arm (upper-arm).
lacesso, 1vi, it-, 3, challenge, har-
ass, excite, provoke.
lachrima (-yma)—lacrima, tear.
lacinia, ee, F., lappet, dewlap.
laciniosus, a, um, jagged, indented.
1 Laco (-con), conis, w., a Spartan.
Laconicus, a, um, Spartan.
lacrima (lacruma), ee, F., fear.
lacrimàbilis, e, /earful, sad.
lacrimo (or), rt, ?weep.
lacrimosus,a, um, fearful, weeping.
lacteo, 2, suck or hold milk.
lacteus, a, um, milking, milk-white.
lactis, is, F., small entrail.
lacto (-ito), t, suckle, allure.
lactüca, ee, F., lettuce.
lacuna, ee, F., Aole, pool, gap, void.
lacünar, aris, N., panelled ceiling.
lacüno, t, /o hollow, panel.
lacus, us, M., lake, tank, vat.
leedo, si, sum, 3, sírike, hurt.
leena, ee, F., mantle.
Laértes, ee, father of Ulysses.
Leestrygónés, um, a myth. savage
race of Sicily and S. Italy.
leetabilis, e, jo;ful, glad.
leetamen, inis, N., manure.
leete, gladly, fruitfully.
leetifico, t, gladden, fertilize.
leetificus, a, um, gladdening.
leetitia, ee, F., joy, beauty, fertility.
leeto, r1, make glad ; P., to rejoice.
leetus, a, um, glad, jouful, i Md
fertile, charming.
leeve, awkwardly.
leevis—levis, smooth.
leevorsum, /o the left.
leevus, a, um, //e lef, unfortunate,
awkward; (in augury) fortunate ;
F. dem hand ; N., on the left.

lagena — latesco.

lagena, ee, F., flask.
Lagus, father of Ptolemy, the first
Grecian king of Egypt.
Laius, myth. king of Thebes, fa-
ther of (Edipus.
lambo, bi, bit-, 3, lick, wash.
lamenta, orum, N., /ament.
lamentabilis, e, mournful.
lamentatio, onis, F., mourning.
lamentor, 1, bewail, lament.
lamina, ee, F., leaf, layer.
1lampas, adis (da, dàs), r., torch.
1 hbampsacum (cus), i, a town in
Asia on the Hellespont.
lana, ee, F., wool, down.
lanarius, a, um, of sol; M. a
worker in wool; F., wool-factory.
lanatus, a, um, woolly.
lancea, ee, F., a light spear.
lances (lanx), dishes.
lancino, 1, mangle, destroy.
laneus, a, um, woolen, downy.
languens, tis, faint, languid.
langueo, 2 (-guesco, gui, 3), to be
or grow faint, languid, weak.
languidus, a, um, faint, weak.
languor, Oris, M., languor, faintness.
laniarius, a, um, of a butcher.
laniatus, üs, M., mangling..
lanicium, i, N., tb00l.
laniena, ee, F., "butcher? s stall.
lanificus, a, um, working in wool.
laniger, era, um, //eecy ; M., ram.
lanio, 1, mangle, tear, lacerate.
lanista, ee, M. , fencing-master, trai-
ner of vladiators.
lanius, i, M., butcher, executioner.
lanugo, inis, F., down, bloom.
lanugineus c osus), a, um, downy.
Lànuvium,i, N., a town of Latium,
23 miles S. E. of Rome.
. lanx, cis, F., dish, platter.
Làocoon, tis, myth. priest of
Apollo, in Troy.
Laomedon, tis, k. of Troy, father
of Priam and Ganymede.
lapathum (us), i, N., sorrel.
lapicidinee, arum, F., quarries.
lapidat, i! rains stones.
lapidàtio, onis, F., stoning.
lapideus (-arius) a, um of stone.

101

lapido, 1, throw stones at.

lapidosus, a, um, síony.

lapillus, i, M., pebble, gravel.

lapis, idis, M., stone, milestone.

Lapithee, arum, mountaineers of
Thessaly.

lappa, ee, F., burr.

. lapsio, onis, F., sliding, proclivity.

lapso, 1, slide, fall, stumble.
lapsus, üs, M., [labor,] fall, fligÀt.
laquear, aris, N., panelled ceiling.
laqueo, r, ensnare, entangle ; adorn
with pannelling.
laqueus, i, M., noose, snare, lasso. -
Lar, tis, first- Dorn (Etruscan).
Làrentia (Acca), wife of Faustu-
lus, nurse of Romulus.
Lares, ium (um), Aoushold deities ;
hearth, home.
large (-iter), bountifully.
largior, 4, bestow gifts, lavish, bribe.
largitas, atis, F., liberality, bribery.
largitor, Oris, M., giver, briber.
largus, a, um, ample, abundant.
laridum (lardum,, i, N., fat bacon.
Larinum, i, N., a Samnite town.
Larissa, ee, F., a city of Thessaly.
Larisseeus, a, um, 7"hessalian.
Làrius, i, M., L. Como, in N. Italy.
Tlarix, icis, D., larch.
larus, i, M., sea-mew ( ?).
larva, ee, F., mask, spectre, goblin.
larvo, 1, bewitch, enchant.
lasanum, i, F., cooking-pot.
lascivia, ee, F., sport, wantonness.
lascivio, 4, to be playful, wanton.
lascivus, a, um, playful, wanton.
lassitüdo, inis, F., weariness.
lasso, 1, make faint or languid.
lassus, a, um, faint, weary, languid.
latebra, ee, F., hiding-place, retreat.
latebrosus, & um, hidden, intricate.
latens, tis, hidden.
lateo, ui, 2, be hid, (w. acc.).
later, eris, M., brick, tile.
laterarius, a, um, of bricks; M.,
brick-maker ; *., brick-kiln.
laterculus, i, M., tile, pancake.
latericius, a, um, made of brick.
laterna, ee, F., lan'tern.
latesco, 3, hide ; iatesco, widen.

102

latex, icis, M., liquid ; pl., water.
latibulor, r, 5e hid, lurk.
latibulum, i, M., /urking-place.
laticlavius, a, um (with broad
stripe), of noble family.
latifundium, i, N., estate, plantation.
Latinus, a, um; Latialis, e, of
Latium, Latin.
Latinus, i, myth. k. of Latium.
latio, onis, rF., bringing.
latito, 1, [lateo,] hide, skulk, lurk.
latitudo, inis, F., breadth, size.
Latium, i, N., the district South-
ward from. Rome, having espe-
cial political rights (jus Latii).
Latona, ee, the mother of Apollo.
lator, oris, M., proposer of a law.
latrator, oris, M., barker, dog.
latratus, us, M., barking.
latrina, ee, F., sink, privy.
latro, r, to bark, rant, bluster.
latro, onis, M., robber, brigand, body-
guard, mercenary, assassin.
latrocinium, i, N., robbery, fraud.
latrocinor, r, serve for hire, rob,
plunder, hunt.
latrunculus, i, M., robber, freebooter.
latus, [fero,] borne, carried.
latus, a, um, broad, wide, copious.
latus, eris, N., side, flank, body.
laudabilis, e, praiseworthy.
laudàtio, onis, F., eulogy.
laudator, oris, M., eulogist.
laudo, 1, /o praise, eulogize.
laureatus, a, um, laurel-crowned.
Laurens, tis, of Laurentum, a. coast
town of. Latium.
laureola, ee, F., laurel-wreath.
laureus, a, um, of laurel.
lauriger, era, um, /laurel-decked.
laurus, i (üs), F., laurel, bay.
laus, laudis, F., praise, merit, glory.
laute, sumptuously.
lautia, ee, F., state-banquet.
lautitia, ee, F., magnificence.
Tlautumiee, àrum, F., stone-quarry.
lautus, |lavo,] noble, elegant.
lavatio, onis, F., bathing.
Laverna, ee, goddess of Gain.
Lavinia, e, daughter of Latinus,
wife of /Eneas.

latex — lenis.

lavo, lavi, laut- (lot-), 1, /o wash.

laxamentum, i, N., widening. -

laxitas, atis, F., roominess, breadth.

laxatus, a, um, wide, free.

laxe, spaciously, freely.

laxo, 1, open, expand, slacken.

laxus, a, um, wide, loose, open.

leeena (lea), ee, F., lioness.

11ebes, etis, M., kettle.

lectica, ee, F., litter, carrying-chair.

lecticarius, i, M., litter-bearer.

lecticula, ee, F., litter, bier.

lectio, onis, F., gathering, reading.

lectisternium, i, N., a banquet
offered to the gods or images.

lectito, t, [lego,| read frequently.

lector, Oris, M., reader.

lectus (-ulus), i, M., bed, couch.

lectus, [lego, | select, chosen.

Léda, ee, wife of Tyndarus, mother
of Helen and Clytaemnestra.

legalis, e, of the law.

legatum, i, N., bequest. à

legatio, onis, F., embassy, legation.

legativus, a, um, of the legation.

legatus, i, M., [16go,] an ambassa-
dor, deputy, lieutenant.

legifer, era, um, /aw-giving.

legio, onis, F., legion (of 4,200,
afterwards 6,000); army.

legionarius, a, um, of a legion.

legirupa, ee, M., law-breaker.

legitimus, a, um, lawful, right.

lego, 1t, depute, appoint, bequeathe.

lego, legi, lect-, 3, gather, pass
along, select, read, recite.

legümen, inis, N., beans or peas.

Leleges, um, a Pelasgian tribe,
of Greece and Asia Minor.

Lemannus, i, M., Lake Geneva.

lembus, i, M., yacht, cutter.

T1emma, Btis, N., topic, title.

Tlemniscus, i, M., ribbon, badge.

1 Lemnos, an I. in the 7Egean, the
abode of Vulcan.

lemures, um, M., shades, spectres.

lena, ee, F., procuress.

lene, calmly, indolently.

lenimen, inis, N., soothing, remedy.

lenio, 4, soothe, soften, mitigate.

lenis, e, smooth, mild.

lenitas — librarius.

lenitas, atis ; -tudo, inis, F., gentle-
ness, smoothness, mildness, lenity.

leno, onis, M., seducer, procurer.

lenocinium, i, N., trade of procurer,
allurement, decoration, finery.

lenocinor, t1, flatter, serve.

lens, lentis, F., /entil.

lentesco, 3, grow pliant, relax.

lenticula, ee, F., /entil.

. lentigo, inis, F., freckle.

lentiscus, i, F. ; -um, i, N., mastich.

lentitia, ee; -es, ei, rF., pliancy,
toughness, viscosity.

lentitüdo, inis, F., sluggishness.

lento, rt, bend, lengthen, protract.

lentor, Oris, M., pliancy.

lentus, a, um, s/ow, tough, pliant.

lenunculus, i, M., »oat, skiff.

leo, leonis, M., /ion.

Leonidas, &, a Spartan king,
killed at Thermopylz, 5.c. 480.

leoninus, a, um, of a lion.

Tlepas, ádis, r., /impet.

lepide, agreecable, pretti

lepidus, a, um, agreeabl

lepor (90s), Oris, w.,
charm, wit, humor.

lepus, óris, M., Aare.

Lerneeus, a, um, of Lerna, a marsh
near Argos.

Lesbis, idis ; -ias, ádis, F., Lesbian.

Lesbius (-Oous, -iacus), a, um, of
Lesbos, an island near Troy.

lessum (M. acc.), wailing.

letalis, e, deadly.

Tieéthargus, i, M., drowi ness.

Lethe, es r., (oblivion), a river of
the world below.

letifer, era, um, death-bringing.

leto, 1, s/ay, kill.

létum (lethum), i, N., death, ruin.

Leucadia, e; Leucas, ádis, F., a
peninsula of N. W. Greece.

1leucaspis, idis, with white shields.

Leucàta, ee, F., a prom. of Leucadia.

Leucothea, ee, myth. name of Ino.

Leuctra, Orum, N., a town of
Boeotia, famous for the defeat
of the Spartans, B.C. 371.

levàmen, inis; -mentum, i, N.,
alleviation, consolation.

facetious.
pleasaniness,

108

levatio, onis, r., uplifting, relief.
leviculus, a, um, rather vain.
levigo, t, bruise, make smooth.
levir, fri, M., husband's brother.
levis, e, /ight, easy, slight, false.
levis, e, smooth, soft, delicate.
levitas, atis, F., lightness, fickleness.
levitudo, inis, F., snoothness.
levo, 1, to uplift, lighten, relieve.
levo, t, to make smooth, polish.
lex, legis, F., law, rule, order.
libamen, inis; -mentum, i, N., liba-
tion, drink-offering.
Libanus,i, M., Mt. Lebanon, in Syria.
libella, ee, F., small coin, farthing.
libellus, i, M., [liber,] /4le book,
note, memorial, bill.
libens, tis, [libet,] willing, glad.
libenter, gladly.
libentia, ee, F., delight.
libenter, gladly, freely.
liber, era, um, free; pl., children.
Liber, eri, M., bacchus ; wine.
liber, bri, M., bark, book.
Libera, e, a name of Proserpine.
Liberàlia, um, festival of Bacchus.
liberalis, e, of. freemen, liberal.
liberalitas, atis, F., /iberality, gift.
lberàátio, Onis, F., release.
liberator, Oris, M., deliverer.
liberi, orum, w., children.
libero, r, deliver, release.
liberta, ee, F., freedwoman.
libertas, atis, F., freedom.
libertinus, a, um, of a freedman ;
M., freedman (as class).
libertus, i, M., freedman.
libet (lubet), i! pleases (S 89, 1).
libidinor, 1, indulge (ust.
libidinosus, a, um, lustful, sensual.
libido, inis, F., [libet,] eager or
unlawful desire, pleasure, caprice.
libita, orum, N., what one ill.
Libitina, ee, goddess of Burial.
libo, 1, (aste, touch, pour, cull.
libra, ee, r , pound (12 02z.), balance.
librámentum, i N., weighl, even
surface or balance.
libráàrius, a, um, of books; M.,
copyist, clerk; *., bookstore; N.,
book-chest. .

104

librarius, a, um, of a pound; F.,
head-spinner (weigher of wool).

libratio, onis, F., weighing out.

librátor, Oris, M., surveyor, engineer.

librilis, e, of a pound ; N., scales.

libripens, pendis, M., paymaster.

libro, 1, weigh, poise, hurl.

libum, i N., à cake.

Liburnus, a, um, Liburnian (of
Illyria) ; F., a swift galley.

Libya, ce -8, es), Libya, Africa.

Libyus (-ycus, -yssus, -ystinus),
a, um; -ys, yos (-ystis, tydis,
F.), Libyan, or African.

licens, tis, /ree, unrestrained.

licenter, a! pleasure.

licentia, ee, F., freedom, license.

liceo, cui, cit-, 2, be on sale, value.

liceor, itus, 2, bid (at auction).

licet, uit, 2, i/ is permitted (S 39, 1).

licet, although, even if, granted.

1 lichen, enis, M., lichen, eruption.

licitor, t, |liceor,] to bid.

licium, i, N., listing. thread, girdle.

lictor, Oris, M., lictor (attendant
on a magistrate ; a dictator had
24, a consul 12, a praetor 6).

lien, enis, M., spleen.

lienosus, a, um, splenetic.

ligamen, minis; -mentum, i, N. ;
-tura, ee, F., band, ligament.

Liger, éris, M., the river Loire.

lignarius, a, um, of wood ; M., car-
penter, lumber-dealer.

lignatio, onis, F., getting wood.

ligneus (-olus), a, um, wooden, dry.

lignor, 1, to get wood.

ligo, t, to bind, tie, fasten.

ligo, onis, M., grub-hoe.

ligula, dim. of lingua, tongue.

Ligures, um, people of Liguria
(Piedmont), the dist. near Genoa.

ligürio, 4, lick, long for, be dainty.

Ligusticus, a, um, of Liguria.

ligustrum, i, N., privet.

iium, i, N., lily.

Libybaeum, i, N., a promontory
at the west of Sicily.

Ima, ee, F., file.

limarius, a, um, s/imy, clayey, miry.

limatus, a, um, refined, correct.

librarius — litigiosus.

limax, acis, F., s/ug, snail.
limbus, i, M., edge, border, flounce.
limen, inis, N., sil//, threshold.
limés, itis, M., &y-path, boundary.
limis, e—l1limus, asíiant.
Iimito, 1, /imit, fir, divide.
limo, r1, /o file, whet, polish.
limosus, a, um, muddy, miry.
limpidus, a, um, clear, pure.
limus, a, um, as/ant, awry, squinting.
limus, i, M., s/ime, mud, dirt.
limus, i, M., girdle, apron.
linea, ee, F., thread, string, line, net.
lineamentum, i, N., /ine, stroke.
lineo, 1, sketch, straighten.
lineus, a, um, of flax.
lingo, nxi, nct-., 3, lick.
lingua, ee, F.. tongue, language.
lingulaca, ee, C., chatterbor, gossip.
liniger, era, um, /inen-wearing.
lino, levi, lít-, 3, anoint, smear.
linquo, liqui, lict-, 5, /eave, quit.
linteo, onis, M., linen-weaver.
linter, tris, F. (T. 2, i. 4), boat, tray.
linteus, a, um, of linen; N., linen
cloth, canvas. :
linum, i, N., faz, thread, net.
f Linus (os) i son of Apollo, a
singer and poet of 'Thebes.
Lipara, ee, F., an I. N. of Sicily.
lippio, 4, 1o be blear-eyed.
lippus, a, um, blear-eyed.
lique-facio, 3 ; P., -fio, melt, dissolve.
liqueo, cui (qui), 2 ; -esco, 3, to be
fluid, clear ; non liquet (n. 1),
the case is not clear.
liquide, clearly, confidently. ——
liquidus, a, um, /iquid, clear.
liquo, r, melt, dissolve, strain.
liquor, r, melt, flow.
liquor, Oris, M., liquid, fluidity.
lira, ee, F., ridge, furrow.
liro, 1, fo plough, harrow.
1liroe, trifles.
lis, litis, F., stlis, dispute, lawsuit.
litatio, Onis, F., propilious sacrifice.
litera (-ula), ee, letter (of alphabet) ;
pl., epistle, document, letters.
Iiterate, clearly, learnedly, literally.
literatus, a, um, lettered, learned.
litigiosus, a, um, disputatious.

l

litigium — lucubratio.

litigium, i, N., dispute.

ltigo, 1, (o sue, quarrel, litigate.

lito, t, sacrifice (with good omens),
"make expiation, appease.

htoralis, e; -eus, a, um, of the
shore.

littera—litera, letter.

littus—1itus, shore.

litura, ee, F., [lino,] blur, erasure.

litus, us, M., smearing, daubing.

htus, Óris, N., shore. |

lituus, i, M., augur's crook, horn.

liveo, 2, to be bluish.

lividus, a, um, bluish, lurid, envi-
ous, malignant.

livor, Oris, M., /vidness, envy.

lix, licis, M., ashes.

lixa, e, M., suller; pl, camp-fol-
lowers.

lixivus (-ius), a, um, of [ye.

localis, e, of « place.

locarius, a, um, of renting.

locatio, onis, F., location, lease.

locator, oris, M., one who lets, hirer.

loco, 1, put, let, give in marriage.

loculus, i, M., place, bier, coffin, stall.

locuples, etis, rich, sure, ample.

locupleéto, 1, to enrich. ,

locus, i, M. ; pl., a, N. ($8 14, ii. 1),
place, topic, rank ; abl., instead.

locusta, ee, F., locust, lobster.

locütio, onis, F., speaking, speech.

loctütus, |loquor, | Aaving spoken.

lodix, icis, r., coverlet, blanket.

Tlogicus, a, um, /ogical ; F., logic.

11ogos, i, M., word, jest, reason.

loligo, inis, F., cuttle-fish.

lolium, i, N., darnel, cockle, tares.

lIomentum, i, N., a bean-poultice.

Londinium, i, N., London.

: longeevus, a, um, aged, ancient.

longe, far, by far.

longinquitas, atis, F., distance, ex-
tent, length, duration.

longinquus, a, um, /ong, far.

longitudo, inis, F., length.

longurius, i, M., /ong pole.

longus (-ulus), a, um, /ong, far.

loquacitas, atis, F., loquacity.

loquax, acis, (alkative.

loquela, ee, F., word, discourse.

105

loquor, locütus, 5, speak, talk.
lora (-ea), ee, F., after-wine.
loretum, i, N., /aurel-grove.
loreus, a, um, of thongs.

lorica, ee, F., leather cuirass, breast-

work, parapet, fence.
lorico. 1, clothe in mail.
loripes, edis, /i/e, or bow-legged.
lorum, i, N., (hong, rein, scourge.
t1otos, i, M., water-lily, lotus.
lotus, |lavo,] washed.
Iubet—libet, ;/ pleases.
lubido, inis, Fr. —libido, pleasure.
lübrico, t, make slippery.
lübricus, a, um, slippery, fleeting.
lücaris, e, of the forest.
Lücanus, a, um, of Lucania, a
dist. of S. Italy.
Iucellum, i, N., s/ight gain.
luceo, luxi, 2, shine, gleam.
Lüceres, um, a patrician tribe in
the founding of Rome.
Lüceria, e, F., a town in Apulia.
lucerna, ee, F., lamp.
lucesco, 3, grow bright, dawn.
lucidus, a, um, bright, clear.
lücifer, era, um, /ight-bringing.
Lucifer, feri, «., the morning star.
luücifugus, a, um, /ight-shunning.

| Lucina, ee, the goddess of Birth.

lücinus, a, um, bringing to light.
lucrativus, a, um, of gain or be-
quest, profitable.
Iucri-facio, 3, get gain.
lucrificus, a, um, profitable.
Lucrinus, i, M., a lake near Baia.
lucripeta, ee, C., gain-seeker.
lucror, 1, !o get gain, profit.
lucrosus, a, um, gainful.
lucrum, i, N., gain, wealth.
Iuctámen, inis, N. ; -tatio, Onis, F.,
a wrestle, struggle, contest.
luctator, oris, M., wrestler.
luctifer, era, um, grief-bringing.
Iuctificus, a, um, causing grief.
Iuctisonus, a, um, sad-sounding.
Iuctor, 1, to struggle, wrestle.
lIuctuosus, a, um, sorrowful.
luctus, üs, M., grief, mourning.
lücu, [1ux,] 5y daylight.
lücubratio, onis, F., night-work.

106

lücubro, 1, to toil by night.
lüculente (-ter), brüliantly.
lüculentus, a, um, bright, famous.
Lücullus, i, L. Licinius, a wealthy
Roman noble, | commander
against Mithridates, B.C. 74—66.
Lucumo, onis, M. (an Etruscan
title), priest or prince.
lucus, i, M., ood or grove.
ludia, ee, F., aciress.
ludibriosus, a, um, scornful.
ludibrium, i, N., jest, mockery.
lüdibundus, a, um, playful, easy.
lüdicer (-crus), a, um, sportive.
ludificatio, onis, F., derision.
ludifico (-cor), 1, (o make sport. of,
deceive, deride, frustrate.
ludimagister, tri, M., teacher.
lüdio, onis, F. ; -ius, i, M., actor.
ludo, si, sum, 3, play, sport, deceive.
ludus, i, M., sport, game, school.
lues, is, F., pestilence, calamity.
Lugdunensis, e, of Lugdunum, a
city on the Rhone (Zyons).
lügeo, xi, ct-, 2, mourn, lament.
lügubris, e, mournful.
lüma, ee, F., (horn.
lIumbifragium, i, N., back-breaking.
lIumbricus, i, M., stomach-worm.
lumbus, i, M., loin.
]ümen, inis, N., /igÀt, lamp, eye.
lüminar, àris, N., window.
lümino, r, brighten, illumine.
lüminosus, a, um, light, bright.
luna, ee, F., moon.
lünaris, e, of the moon, moonlight.
luünatus, a, um, crescent-shaped.
lüno, t, bend (like half moon).
Iuo, lui, 5, ?cash, cleanse, expiate.
lupa, ee, F., she-wolf, prostitute.
lupatus, a, um, sharp-toothed ; N.
pl., curb, or toothed bit.
Lupercal, alis, N., grove of Pan
in Rome ; pl, a festival of Pan
celebrated in February.
Lupercus, i, «., a name of Pan.
lupinus (-illus), i, M., /upine.
lupinus, a, um, of a wolf.
lupus, i, M., wolf, a jagged bit.
lura, ee, F., bag, sacks mouth.
lurco, onis, M., glutton.

lucubro — Lyceum.

lurco (-or), 1, devour greedily.
luridus, a, um, oan, lurid.
luror, Oris, M., paleness.
luscinia (-Óla), ee, F., nightingale.
luscinus (-ius), a, um, one-eyed.
lusciosus, a, um, purblind.
luscus, a, um, one-eyed.
Lusitania, ee, r., Portugal.
lusito, 1, freq. of ludo, play.
lusor, Oris, M., player.
lusorius, a, um, of play; N., plag-
ground; F. pl, swift eruisers.
lustralis, e, of purifying; or, of
four years.
lustratio, onis, F., a purification,
going about.
lustricus, a, um, of purification.
lustro, I, purify, survey, iraverse.
lustrum, i, N., den, bog, forest ; expi-
ation, period of four years.
lüsus, us, M., [1üido,] game, sport.
lutamentum, i, N., »?ud-wall.
lutarius, a, um, of mud.
lüteolus, a, um, yellowish.
lutesco, 3, get muddy.
Lutetia, ee, F., Paris.
luteus, a, um, golden-yellow.
luteus, a, um, of mud, dirty.
luto, 1, bedaub with clay.
lutosus, a, um, mu«dy.
lutra, ee, F., otter.
lutulentus, a, um, muddy, dirty.
lutulo, 1, bespatier, bemire.
lutum, i, N., yellow-weed.
lutum, i, N., mud, clay.
lux, lücis, F., /igÀt, life, day.
luxo, 1, dislocate, displace.
luxuria, e (es, ei) F., luxuriance,
rankness, luxury.
luxurio (-or) 1, be luxuriant, abound.
luxuriosus, a, um, rank, luxuriant,
exuberant, wanton.
luxus, üs, M., excess, luxury, splen-
dor ; dislocation.
Lyeeus, i, &., a name of Bacchus.
Lyceeus,i, M. a mt. of Arcadia,
sacred to Jupiter and Pan.
Lycàon, ónis, myth. k. of Arca-
dia, changed to a wolf.
Lyceum, i, N., a gymnasium near
Athens, Aristotle's school.

lychnis — mage.

tlychnis, idis, /igAt-giving.

tlychnus, i, N., lamp, light.

Lycia, dist. of S. W. Asia Minor.

lyciscus, i, M., wolf-dog.

Lycius, a, um, of Lycia.

Lycurgus, i, legislator of Sparta ;
a myth. k. of Thrace.

Lydus (ius) a, um, of Lydia, a
dist.in W. Asia Minor; ÉEtruscan.

lympha, ee, F., spring-water.

lymphaàticus, a, um, panic-stricken.

Iympho, r1, (o drive distracted.

lynceus, a, um, sAarp-sighted.

lynx, lyncis, F., /ynx.

lyo, t, liquefy.

Tlyra, ee, F., /yre, lute.

1lyricus, a, 'um, lyrical.

Lysander, dri, a Spartan general
who captured Athens, B.C. 405.

Lysimachus, a general of Alex-
ander, afterwards k. of Thrace.

Lysippus, a sculptor of Sicyon.

lytra—1utra, otter.

M.

M, the praenomen Marcus ; num.,
1,000.

M', the praenomen Manius.

maccus, i, M., buffoon, simpleton.

Macedónés, um, ás, Macedonians.

Macedonia, dist. N. E., of Greece,
(Southern Turkey) made a
Roman prov. B.C. 148.

Macedonicus, i, surname of Q.
Caecilius Metellus.

Macedonius, a, um; peti nn e,
Macedonian.

macellarius, a, um, of ihe market ;
M., victualler.

macellum, i, M., meat market.

maceo, 2, be lean.

macer, cra, um, /ean.

maceria, ee, F., wall, enclosure.

macero, I, /o steep, soften, fret, vex.

macesco, 35, grow lean.

1macheera, ee, F. ; -ium,i, N., sword.

Machaon, Onis, myth. son of
JEsculapius, a surgeon of the
Greeks at Troy.

107

machina, ee, F., engine, staging.
máchinamentum, i, N., instrument,
machine, device.
machinatio, Onis, F., contrivance.
machinator, Oris, N. «engineer,
contriver, inventor.
machinor, r, contrive, scheme, plot.
machio, onis, M., à mason.
macies, ei, F., leanness.
macilentus, a, um, meagre.
macis, idis, F., nace ( ?).
macresco, crui, 3, grow lean.
macritudo, inis, F., leanness.
mactatio, Onis, F., saying.
macto, 1, kill, sacrifice, requite.
mactus, a, um, Aonored, adored;
macte, Aail! well done !
macula, ee, F., spot, stain.
maculo, 1, s/ain, speckle, pollute.
maculosus, a, um, speckled, stained.
madefacio, feci, fact-, 3, moisten.
madens, tis, «we, marshiy.
madeo, ui, 2; -esco, 3, be or get
wet, moist, drenched, overflowing.
madido, I, moisten.
madidus, a, um, wet, dyed, soaked.
mador, Oris, M., moisture.
madulsa, ee, M., drunken.
Maeander, dri M., a river of
Ionia ; a winding wa or border.
Mecenas, àtis, friend of Augus-
tus, patron of Virgil and Horace.
meeles—meles, badger.
Mzelius, Sp. slain for treason by
Cincinnatus, B.C. 436.
meena, ee, F., herring (?).
Mzenádés, priestesses of Bacchus.
Mzeenalus, range of mountains in
Arcadia, sacred to Pan.
Meeonia, a dist. of Lydia.
Mieeonides, ee, /Tomer.
Mzeonius,a, um, M«onian, Lydian.
Mieeotis, idis (os), the Sea of Azof.
meerens, tis, sad, grieving.
meereo, 2, grieve, mourn.
meeror, Oris, M., sadness.
meestitia, ee, F., grief.
meestus, a, tins. sad, grieved, un-
lucky, gloomy, mourning.
magalia, um, N., Auts, booths.
mage— magis, more.

108

1 magia, e ; -ice, es, F., magic.

1 magicus, a, um, magical.

magis (mage), more.

1 magis, idis ; -ida, ee, F., platter.

magister, tri M., master, leader,
director, chief, teacher.

magisterium, i, N., director's office.

magistra, ee, F., mistress.

magistratus, üs, M., office, magis-
tracy, magistrate.

magnanimus, a, um, great or
high-hearted, brave.

1 magnes, etis, M., magnet.

magnidicus, a, um, boastful.

magnifacio, 3, make much of.

magnifice (-ficenter), splendidly.

magnificentia, ee, F., grandeur,
splendor, boastfulness.

magnifico, 1, esteem highly, praise,
magnify.

magnificus, a, um, grand, boastful,
splendid, sumptuous.

magniloquentia, ee, F., loft; strain.

magniloquus, a, um, of lofty style.

magnipendo, 35, rate highly.

magnitudo, inis, F., greatness,
size, rank, dignity.

magnopere (magno opere), very
much, greatly.

magnus, a, um (comp. major,
superl. maximus), great.

magus, a, um, magical; M., magi-
cian; F., sorceress.

Maia, ee, myth. d. of Atlas, mother
of Mercury ; one of the Pleiades.

majalis, i, M., og.

majestas, atis, F., grandeur, splen-
dor, majesty.

májor, us, oris (comp. of magnus),
greater ; majores, ancestors.

Majus, a, um, month of May.

majusculus, a, um, rather larger.

mala, ee, F., jaw, cheek.

1 malacia, ee, F., calm. »

malacus, a, um, sof?, pliant.

1 malagma, atis, N., poultice.

male, i//, badly.

Malea, ee, F., S. point of Greece.

maledicax, acis, r., s/anderous.

maledicens, tis, scurrilous. "

maledico, xi, ct-, 5, revile, slander.

magia — mando.

maledictus, a, um, accursed; N.,
curse, abusive speech.
maledicus, a, um (-dicentior, -di-
-centissimus), abusive.
malefacio, feci, fact-, 3, do mis-
chief.
malefactor, oris, M., evil-doer.
malefactum, i, N., injury.
maleficium, i, N., mischief, crime.
maleficus, a, um, criminal, hurtful.
malesuadus, a, um, il/l-advising.
malevolens, tis (-volus), spiteful.
malevolentia, ee, F., il/-will.
malifer, era, um, apple-bearing.
maligne, spitefully, grudgingly.
malignitas, atis, F., alice, spite,
stinginess.
malignus, a, um, malicious, nig-
gardly, barren.
malitia, ee, F., evil quality, malice.
malitiosus, a, um, wicked, crafty.
malivolus—malevolus.
malleolus, i, M., mallet, shoot (for
planting), fire-ball.
malleus, i, M., hammer.
1 malus, i, M., lock of wool.
malo ($37, iii.), chooserather, prefer.
malum, i, N., apple, pulpy fruit.
malum, i, evil, misfortune.
malus, a, um (comp. p8jor, superl.
pessimus), bad.
malus, i, F., apple-tree, mast, beam.
malva, ee, F., mallow.
Mam., the praenomen Mamercus.
Mamers, tis, Oscan for Mars.
Mamertini, a tribe of N.E. Sicily.
mamma (-illa), ae, F., breast, udder.
mammosus, a, um, full-breasted.
manalis, e, flowing.
manceps, ipis, M., purchaser, hirer,
boridsman, proprietor.
mancipatio, onis, F., a transfer of
property by purchase.
mancipium, i, N , formal purchase,
possession, chattel, slave.
mancipo, 1, deliver as property.
mancus, a, um, maimed, infirm.
mandator, Oris, M., suborner.
mandaàtus, üs, M. ; -um, i, N., order.
mando, 1, commit, cominand, give.
mando, di, sum, 3, gnaw, chew.

mandra — massa.

1mmandra, ee, r., stall, herd.
manduco, I, c/iew.
manducus,i; -o, onis, M., glutton.
mane, morning, early.
maneo, mansi, mans-, wait, stay,
continue, abide, wait for.
Maànes, ium, shades of the de-
parted ; the lower world.
mango, Onis, M., dealer.
màni—mane, morning.
manicee, arum, F., sleeves, hand-
cufjs, manacles.
manicatus, «with; long sleeves.
manicula, ee, F., hand, handle.
manifestarius, a, um, evident.
manifeste (0), clearly, palpably.
manifesto, 1, make public.
manifestus, a, um, plain, proved.
manipularis, e, of the maniple.
manipulatim, 5y handfuls.
manipulus (-plus), i, M., handful;
infantry company (of 200), maniple.
mannus, i, M., draughi-horse, pony.
mano, I, (rickle, drop, spread.
mansio, onis, F., s/ay, continuance.
mansito, 1, abide, dwell.
mansue-facio, 3, make tame.
mansuefactus, a, um, /ame, gentle.
mansuesco, evi, et-, 3, make or
grow tame.
mansuetudo, inis, F., mildness.
mansuétus, a, um, mild, gentle.
mansus, [mando,] cZewed.
mantele, is, N., towel, napkin.
mantelum, i, N., cloak.
mantica (-ula), ee, F., travelling-bag.
manticulor, 1, steal, act slyly.
Mantinea, ee, F., a town in Arca-
dia, famous for the victory and
death of Epaminondas, B.c. 362.
manto, I, síay, wait.
Mantua, e, a tówn of N. Italy.
manuális, e; -aàrius, a, um, /eíld
in the hand, for the hand.
manubiee, arum, F., booty.
manübrium, i, N., ^andle.
manulea, ee, F. ; -us, i, M., sleeve.
manümissio, Onis, F., emancipa-
tion, act of liberation.
manü-mitto, 3, !o set free.
manupretium, i, N., wages, value.

109

manus, üs, F., hand, trunk (of ele-
phant), grappling-iron, band (of
troops), handiwork.

mapalia, um, N., cottages.

mappa, ee, F., napkin.

Marathon, onis, a town in Attica,
famous for the defeat of the
Persians, B.C. 49o.

marcens, tis, drooping, feeble.

marceo, 2 ; -esco, 3, wither, droop.

marcidus, a, um, wilhered, feeble.
marcor, Oris, M., decay, faintness.
marculus (-tulus), i, M,, hammer.
mare, is, N., sea, esp. the Mediter-
ranean; superum, the waters
E., and inferum, W., of Italy.

Mareota, ee, F., a lake of Egypt.

1 margarita, ee, F., pearl.

margino, I, enclose with border.

margo, inis, F., edge, border, margin.
marinus, a, um, of the sea.
marisca, ee, F., a large fig.
maritalis, e, nuptial.

maritimus, a, um, of t/e sea.

marito, I, o marry, give in marriage.

maritus, a, um, matrimonial, wed-
ded, M., husband, lover.

Marius, C., B.C. 157-86, conqueror
of Jugurtha, and chief of the
popular party in Rome.

Marmaricus, a, um, of Marmarica,
a dist. of N. Africa.

marmor, óris, N., marble.

marmoreus, a, um, of marble.

marmoro, I, cover with marble.

Maro, onis, cognomen of Virgil.

marra, ee, F., /ioe, hook. —

Mars, tis, the god of War.

Martialis, e, of Mars.

Martius, a, um, of Mars, warlike ;
the month of March.

1marsupium, i, N., pouch, purse.

Marsus, a, um, of the Marsi, a
people of interior Latium.

Marsyas, ee, a Satyr, skilled on
the pipe, flayed by Apollo.

1 martyr, yris, C., witness. martyr.

mas, máris, g. pl. ium, male, manly.

masculus (-inus) a, um, male,
masculine, manly.

massa, ee, F., lump, mass.

110

Massicus, i, M., a mt. of Campania.
Massilia, es, F., a coast town in
the S. E. of Gaul, Mavrseilles.
Massyli, orum, a people of Africa.

mastiche, es, F., gum-mastic.

1 mastigia, ee, M., scamp, rogue.

mastrüca, ee, F., sheepskin.

matara, ee, F., pike, javelin.
matella, ze; -io, Ouis, F., pot.
mateola, ee, F., mallet, beetle.
mater, tris, F., mo!her, nurse.
maáteria, ee; -es, ei, F., material,
timber, source, occasion, quality.

materiarius, a, um, of timber; M.,
lumber-merchant.

materio, 1, build of wood.

materior, I, get timber.

materis, is, F., pike.

maternus, a, um, motherly.

matertera, ee, F., mother's sister.

1mathematicus, a, um, mathemat-
ical; M., mathematician, astrologer.
matralis, e, of. a mother.
matricida, ee, C., matricide.
matrimonium, i, N., marriage.
matrimus, a, um, //at has a mother.
matrix, icis, F., dam, source, womb.
matrona, ee, F., à married woman.
maátronalis, e, of a matron.
matruelis, is, M., cousin.

matta, ee, F., rush-mat.

mattea (-ya), ee, F., dainty.

matula, ee, F., pot, blockhead.

matuüzre (-ate), early, speedily.

matüresco, rui, 5, grow ripe.

matüritas,atis, F., ripeness, prompt-
ness, maturity.

matüro, I, ripen, hasten.

maturus, a, um, ripe, ready, early.

matuütinus, a, um, of the morning.

Mauri, orum, /he Moors, a people
of N. Africa, near Spain.

Mauritania, ee, the dist. of N. W.
Africa, Morocco.

Mausoleum, i N. the tomb of
Mausolus, k. of Caria, built by
his wife, Artemisia, B.C. 365.

Mavors, tis, a name. of Mars.

Mavortius, a, um, of Mars.

maxilla, ee, F., jaiwbone.

maxime, especially, very greatly.

mediocritas, atis, F.,

Massieus — medius.

maximus, a, um, [magnus,] great-
est; maximus natu, ceídest.-

1mazonomous, i, M., a dish.

me (memet) acc. or abl. of ego, 7.

meabilis, e, passable.

meator, Oris, M., passer-by.

meatus, üs, M., passage, course.

1mechanicus, a, um, mechanical.
mecum, with me.

med-—me.

Medea, ee, myth. princess of Col-
chis, daughter of /Eetes, wife of
Jason, an enchantress.

medela, ee, F., remedy.

medens, tis, C., p/ysician.

medeor, 2, heal, relieve.

Medi, orum, the people of Media. -

mediastinus, i, M., helper, drudge.

mediatenus, Aalf-way.
mediator, oris, M., mediator.
medica, ee, F., a kind of clover.
medicabilis, e, curabíe. :

medicamen, inis; -mentum, i, N.,
remedy, drug, dye.

medicatus, a, um, drugged.

medicinus, a, um, of healing; F
medicine, surgeons office.

medico (-cor), t, /ieal, cure.

Medicus, a, um, of Media, a. dist.
of Asia, beyond the Tigris.

medicus, a, um, /iealing; M., phy-
sician, surgeon.

medie, moderately, tolerably.

medietas, atis, F., midst, half.

1 medimnum (us), i, N., sir pecks.

medio, r1, to halve, divide.

mediocris, e, ordinary, middling.
half-way,
medium, meanness, mediocrity.

Mediolanum, i, N., a city of N.
Italy, Milan.

medioximus, a, um, midmost.

meditamentum, i, N., planning.

meditatio, onis, F., thinking, plan-
ning, preparation.

meditatus, a, um, well-weighed.

mediterraneus, a, um, midiand;
N., mare, (e Mediterranean.

meditor, 1. think, meditate, practise.
medius, a, um, middie, midst of,
haly-way, mean; N., the middle.

mediusfidius, by my. faith, (me
deus Fidius juvet).
medulla, ee, F.. pit, marrow.
medullitus, /o (he marrow.
Medüsa, e, F., the Gorgon with
snaky hair, d. of Phorcus.
Megeera, ee, one of the Furies.
Megalensia, um, games in honor
of the Magna Mater (Cybele).
Megara, ev (orum), city or dist.
between Athens and Corinth.
mehercule, 5; Hercules !
mel, mellis, N., Aoney.
melculum, i, N., sweetheart.
1 mele, pl. of melos, song.
Meleager, gri, son of CEneus and
Althaa, who perished by the
burning of a brand on which
his life depended.
meles, is, F., badger, marten.
Melicerta (as) ee, myth. son of
Athamas and Ino, who with his
mother became a sea-divinity.
melicus, a, um, (uneful.
1melimela, orum, N., /oney-apples.
melinus, a, um, of (he badger.
melinus, a, um, of quinces.
melinus, a, um, of honey ; F., mead.
melior, us, (comp. of bonus,)
belter ; adv. melius.
Melita, ee ; -te, es, Malta, an island
south of Sicily.
Melitensis, e, Maltese.
1melitinus, a, um, of honey.
meliusculus, a, um, vaíher better. -
melleus (-arius), a, um, of honey.
mellifer, era, um, /,oneg-bearing.
mellifico, t, make honey.
melligo, inis, F., bee-glue, sap.
mellilla, ee, sweetness, delight.
mellitus (-ulus), a, um, /0nej-sweet.
1 melodia, ee, F., melody.
1 melos, i, N. pl. ; mele, song.
Melpomene, es, r., the muse of
tragic and lyric Poetry.
membrana, eae, F., membrane.
membratim, /imb by lünb.
membrum, i, N., lib, part, portion.
memet, njyself (acc).
memini, imp. memento ($ 38, i.)
remember, mention, bear in mind.

medius fidius — mentior.

1

Memnon, ónis, myth. king of
Ethiopia, son of Aurora and
Tithonus.

memor, óris, mindful, reminding.

memorabilis, e, memorable.

memorandus, a, um, memorable.

memoratus, üs, M., mention.

memorid, ae, F., memory, remem-
brance.

memoriter, bj heart, from memory.

memoro, I, (0 mention, recount.

Memphis, is (idos), old capital of
Egypt, 14 miles S. of Cairo.

mena—meena, herring (?).

Menander, dri, a Greek comic
poet, B.C. 342-292.

menda, ee, F., fault, defect.

mendaciloquus, a, um, false.

mendacium, i, N., falsehood.
mendax, acis, /ying, false.
mendicabulum, i, N., beggar.
mendicatio, onis, F., begging.
mendice, meanly, beggarly.
mendicitas, atis, F., beggary.
mendico (-cor), t, /o beg alms.
mendicula, ee, F., beggar's rags.

mendicus, a, um, eggarly; M.,
a beggar.

mendose, faultily, falsely.

mendosus, a, um, faulty, false.

mendum, i, N., fault, blemish.

Menelàus, i, myth. k. of Sparta,
brother of Agamemnon, and
husband of Helen.

1menis, idis, F. crescent (ornament).

mens, mentis, F., mind, heart.

mensa, eae, F., (abe.

mensarius, i, M., banker, broker.

mensio, Onis, F., ?neasure.

mensis, is, M., month.

mensor, Oris, M., easurer.

menstruàlis, e, every month.

menstruus, a, um, montAly.
mensula, ee, rF., little table.
mensüra, ee, F., "measure.
mensus, [metior,] measured.

menta (-tha), ee, F., c

mentiens, tis, /jing, false.

mentigo, inis, F., scab, scurf.
mentio, Onis, F., « calling to mind.
mentior, itus, 4, (o speak falsely.

,

112

mentitus, a, um, counterfeit.

mento, onis, w., long-chin.

mentum, i, N., chin, beard, cornice.

meo, I, go, pass, frequent.

meopte, mj own (abl).

mephitis, is, F., evil vapor.

mepte, »nyself (acc.).

meràácus, a, um, pure, unmixed.

mercaàbilis, e, purchasable.

mercator, Oris, M., a dealer, mer-
chant, purchaser.

mercatura, e, F.; -catus, us, M.,
trade, commerce, wares.

mercedonius, a, um, of wages.

mercedula, ee, F., sinall pay.

mercenarius, a, um, /ired, hireling.

merces, edis, F., pay, wages, bribe,
price, cost, revenue.

merces, pl. of merx, goods.

mercimonium, i, N., s/(ock of goods.

mercor, I, (o (rade, buy, purchase.

Mercurius, s. of Jupiter and Maia,
god of Trade, Eloquence, &c.

merda, ee, F., dung.

mere, purely, truly.

-mmerenda, e, F., lunch.

merens, tis, deserving.

mereo, ui; -eor, itus, 2, deserve,

win, earn, purchase, serve.
meretricius, a, um, of harlots.
meretrix, 1cis, F., /aríiot.
mergee, arum, F., pitchfork.
mergés, itis, F., s/eaf.
mergo, si, sum, 3, dip, plunge, sink.
mergus, i, M., diver (sea-bird).
meridianus, a, um, of noon, southi-
ern ; N., the South.
meridies, ei, M., noon, south.
meridio (-or), 1, /ake a noon nap.
merito, deservedly.
merito, I, /o earn, gain.
meritorius, a, um, of earning, for
hire; N., pl., hired rooms.
meritum, i, N., desert, reward, merit,
value, importance. j
meritus, a, um, deserving, due.
Mero, onis, M., wine-bibber (Nero).
merobibus, a, um, intemperate.
merops, ópis, F., bee-eater.
merso (-ito), rt, dip, plunge, drown.
mersus, [mergo, ]p/unged, drowned.

mentitus — migratio.

merula, ee, F., blackbird.

merum, i, N., wunmixed wine.

merus, a, um, pure, unmixed, bare.

merx, cis, F., merchandise.

[T meso-, in the middle.

Mesopotamia (between the rivers),
a district between the Tigris
and Euphrates.

Messana, ee, r., Messina, in Sicily.

Messene, es, capital city of Mess-
enia, the S.-W. dist. of Greece.

messis, is, F., reaping, harvest, crop.

messor, Oris, M., reaper.

messorius, a, um, of a reaper.

messus, |meto,] reaped, harvested.

[-met, se/f (intens.).

meta, ee, F., goal, limit, turning-post.

metalis, e, conical.

metallicus, a, um, of metal or
mines : M., miner.

» metallum, i, N., metal, mine.

1metamorphosis, is (gen. plur.
-eOn), F., /ransformation.

metator, Oris, M., fizer of bounds.

Metaurus, i M., a river in Um-
bria, famous for the defeat of
Hasdrubal, 5.c. 207.

metaxa, ee, F., raw silk.

1methodium, i, N., a est.

1 methodus, i, F., ay, method.

meticulosus, a, um, fimid, fearful.

metior, mensus, 4, (0 measure,
traverse.

meto, messui, mess-, 3, /o reap,
pluck, gather, cut down.

meto (-or) I, measure, lay out,
traverse, erect, set up.

1 metréta, ee, F., measure (9 gall).

1 metricus, a, um, of metre.

1 metropolis, is, F., mother-city.

1 metrum, i, N., measure, metre.

metuo, i, ütit-, 3, (o fear, dread.

metus, üis, M., fear, dread.

meus, a, um (voc. M., mi), my.

mi, for mihi, /o me, [| ego,]; my.

mica, ee, F., crumb, grain.

micans, tis, sparkling.

mico, ui, 1, /o beat, quiver, twinkle.

Midas, ee, myth. k. of Phrygia, who
turned all he touched to gold.

migratio, Onis, F., removal, transfer.

l

migro — miseriter.

miero, 1, remove, migrate, depart.
mile —mille, a thousand.
miles, itis, M., soldier (infantry).
Milesius, a, um, of Miletus, a port
in Caria, S. W. Asia Minor.
milia (pl. of mille), thousands.
miliarius, a, um, of millet.
militaris, e, of. soldiers, soldierly.
militarius, a, um, military.
militia, ee, F., military service, war.
milito, r, serve as soldier.
milium, i, N., millet.
mille (mile), /ousand ; mille pas-
suum (10ooo paces), a mile.
milleni, ee, a (distrib.), by thousands.
millesimus, a, um, //;ousandth.
miliarius, a, um, containing à
thousand ; N., milestone.
millies (milies), « t/ousand times.
Miltiides, is, Athenian com-
mander at Marathon, B.C. 490.
miltos, i, F., red-lead, cinnabar.
milvius, a, um, of the kite, ravenous.
milvus, i, M., kite, hawk.
mimicus, a, um, of mimes or farces.
mimus, i, M ; -a, ee, F., mimic actor.
min (mihine), for me?
t mina, ee, F., a Greek weight (100
drachmas), or coin ($18).
mina, ee, F., smooth.
minee, arum, F., //reats.
minanter, '/hreateningly.
minaátio, Onis, F., threateniny.
minax, àcis, threatening, projecting.
Mincius, i, a river in N. Italy.
Minerva, ee, goddess of Arms and
Skill, also called Pallas.
minime, by no means.
minimus, a, um, [parvus,] least.
minio, 1, /o paint red.
minister, tra, um, serving, helping.
minister, tri, M., accomplice, helper.
ministerium, i, N., service, attend-
ance, administration.
ministra, ee, F., female attendant.
ministrator, Oris, M., attendant.
ministro, 1, attend, serve, furnish.
minitor (-to), I, treaten, menace.
minium, i, N., cinnabar, red lead.
minor, us, [parvus,] less.
minor, 1, (/reaten, jut out.

118

Minos, ois, myth. k. of Crete, son
of Jupiter and Europa ; his gr.-
son, builder of the labyrinth.

Minotaurus, Minotaur, a monster
of Crete, half man, half bull.

Minous (-oius) a, um, of Minos,
Cretan.

Minturnee, arum, EF. a city of
southern Latium.

minumus-—minimus, /east.

minuo, i, üt, 3, lessen, diminish.
minus, [parum,] less.
minusculus, a, um, quite small.
minütal, alis, N., mince-meat.
minutatim, bi; by bit.

minute, minutely.

minutim, 7n bits.

minutus (-ulus), a, um, small, petty.

Minyee, arum, a people of Thes-
saly ; the companions of Jason.

mirabilis, e, marvellous, wonderful.

mirabundus, a, um, astonished.
miraculum, i, N., marvel, miracle.
mirandus, a, um, admirable. -
mirator, oris, M., admirer.

mire (mirifice), wonderfully.

mirificus, a, um, admirable.

mirmillo, onis, M., kind of gladiator.
miror, (-o), 1, to wonder, admire.
mirus, a, um, wonderful, strange.
miscellus (-àneus), a, um, mixed.
misceo, cui, mist- (mixt-), 2, miz,
mingle, blend, compound.
misellus, a, um, wretched, unhappy. -

Misenum, a promont. near Naples.

miser, era, um, wretched.

miserabiliter, pitiably.
miserandus, deplorable.
miseranter, pitiably.

misere (-iter), wretchedly, desper-
ately, lamentably. |

miseràbilis, e, pitiable, sad, pitiful.

miseratio, Onis, F., compassion. -

misereo, ui, it-; misereor, erit-
(ert-), 2, to pity, have mercy.

miseresco, 3, feel pity.

miseret (miseretur), if stirs pity.

miseria, ee, F., misery, distress.

misericordia, ee, F., mercy, misery.
misericors, dis, merciful.
miseriter, lamentably.

114

miseror, 1, lament, deplore, pity.
miserulus. a, um, unhappy.
missicius, a, um, discharged.
missiculo, 1, | mitto, ] &eep sending.
missilis, e, /hat may be thrown; N.,
a, missile weapon ; pl. gifts.
missio, Onis, F., /eiting-go, dis-
charge, throwing, hurling.
missito, 1, freq. of mitto, send.
missor, Oris, M., sender, shooter.
missus, | mitto, | sent.
missus, tis, M., sending, course.
misticius. a, um, mongrel.
mistim (mixtim), mixedly.
mistio, onis ; -üra, ee, F;, mingling.
mistus, a, um, [misceo,] mixed.
1 misy, yos, F., truffle, copperas.
mité, gently, [mitis]. :
mitella, ee, F., | mitra, ] turban.
mitesco, 3, grow mellow, gentle.
Mithras, e, the Persian Sun-god.
Mithridates, king of Pontus, con-
quered by Pompey, B.c. 63.
mitifico, 1, make mild or mellow.
mitigatio, Onis, F., soothing.
mitigo, 1, soothe, appease, fertilize.
mitis, e, mild, gentle, fruitful.
T mitra, ee, head-band, turban.
mitto, misi, miss-, 3, send, let go,
yield, launch, throw, hurl.
Mitylene, es, F., a city of Lesbos.
mixtus, | misceo, | mized.

1 mna—mina, an Attic coin.
Mnemosyne, es, F., Memory, the
mother of the Muses.
mobilis, e, movable, nimble, rapid,

pliant, inconstant.
mobilitas, atis, F., movableness,
quickness, inconstancy.
mobiliter, «wit swift motion.
mobilito, 1, /o make quick.
moderamen, inis, N., uanagement,
government, helm. 1
moderanter, «cit, moderation.
moderatio, Onis, F., moderation,
regularity, quidance, government.
moderator, oris, M. ; -trix, tricis,
F., director, controller.
moderatus, a, um, within bounds.
moderor (-o), t, regulate, control.
modeste, moderately, modestly.

miseror — molitus.

modestia, ee, F., moderation, mod-
esty, sobriety, discretion.
modestus, a, um, calm, moderate,
kind, friendly, modest.
modialis, e, holding a peck.
modice, moderately, meanly.
modicus, a, um, moderate, scanty.
modificor, 1, set bounds, measure.
modiolus, i, M., bucket, axle-box.
modius, i, M., à peck (16 sextarii).
modo, only, jus now; modo...
modo, now . . . again.
modulamen, inis, N., melody.
modulate, rAythmically.
modulatio, Onis, F., ?»asure, mel-
ody, rhythm. -
modulator, óÓris, M., director.
modulatus, a, um. regulated, sung.
modulor, t, (o measure, regulate or
beat time (in music or dance).
modulus, i, M., measure, melody.
modus, i, M., measure, limit, man-
ner; ejus modi, of tAat sort.
1 moechus, i, M. ; -a, ee, F., adulterer,
adulteress.
moenera, um, N. ; [munus, |] offices.
mcenia, ium, w., «walls, buildings.
mcenio, 4—munio, fortifj.
mcereo—meereo, grieve.
Moesi, orum, people of Moesia,
the dist. of the lower Danube.
moestus—mcoeestus, sad.
mola, ee, F., mill; grain or meal,
coarsely ground, salted, and
cast on the victim in sacrifice.
molaris, e, of a mill; M., a mill-
stone, jaw-tooth.
molarius, a, um, of a mill.
moles, is, F., mass, pier, burden, toil.
moleste, with difficult or vexation.
molestia, ee, F., vexation, trouble.
molesto, 1, :o trouble, annoy.
molestus, a, um, irksome, vexatious.
molimen, inis ; - mentum, i, N., à
effort, exertion, undertaking.
molior, 4, foil upon, struggle, wield,
do by effort, endeavor.
molitio, onis, F., laborious doing.
molitor, Oris, M., author, contriver.
molitus, a, um, [molo,] ground.
molitus, a, um, eei. toiling.

mollesco — mortalis.

mollesco, 3, grow soft, effemimate.

molliculus (-cellus), a, um, soft,
voluptuous, delicate.

mollio, 4, make soft or supple, lighten.

mollis, e, soft, mild, gentle, delicate.

molliter, softly, calmly.

mollitia, ee; -tüdo, inis, F., soft-
ness, flexibility, suppleness, pliancy.

mollitus, | mollio, | so/?.

molluscus, a, um, sofi-shelled.

molo, ui, it-, 5, grind.

1 moloche, es, r., mallows.

molochinarius,i, M., dyerin green.

Molossi, orum, people of eastern
Epirus.

molossus, i, M., hound, mastiff.

1molybdus, i, M.; -dis, idis, rF.,
lead.

momen, inis, M., movement, weight.

momentum, i, N., balance, particle,
moment, weight.

Mona, ee, F., the /sle of Man, also,
Anglesea, in the Irish Sea.

1 monachus, i, M., monk.

1 monas, ádis, F., unity.

monedula, ee, F., jackdatw.

moneo, ui, -itum, 2, /o warn, in-
struct, remind, admonish.

Moneta, ee, a name of Juno.

moneta, ee, F., coin, mint.

monile, is, N., necklace.

monimentum—monumentum.

monitio, onis, F., admonition.

monitor, Oris, M., remembrancer,
admonisher, overseer.

monitum, i, N.; -tus, üs, M., ad-
monition, warning, prophecy.

monitus, [moneo, | advised, warned.

[T mono., only, one.

1 monoceros, otis, M., unicorn.

1monochromos, on, of one color.

Monoecus, ij a name of Her-
cules; arx Monceci, a prom-
ontory of Liguria.

1monogrammus, i, M., outline.

1 monopodium, s/and (table).

mons, montis, M., mountain.

monstrátio, Onis, F., showing.

monstrator, Oris, M., /e that shows.

monstratus, a, um, conspicuous.

monstro, I, s/iow, inform, appoint.

115

monstrum, i, N., an evil omen, prod-
igy, monster.
monstruosus (-osus), a, um, of or
like a monster, strange.
montanus, a, um, mountainous.
monticola, ee, C., mountaineer.
montivagus, a, um, roaming the
hills.
montosus (-uosus), a, um, moun-
tainous, full of mountains.
monumentum, i, N., memorial.
Mopsopius, a, um, of Attica.
mora, ee, F., delay, hindrance.
1 mora, ee, F., division, battalion.
moralis, e, of character, moral.
moraliter, c/aracteristically.
morate, /lingeringly.
morator, oris, M., delayer.
moratus, [moror,] delayed.
moratus, a, um, of character.
morbidus (-osus), a, um, diseased.
morbus, i, M., disease, malady.
mordacitas, atis, F., s/arpness.
mordaciter, bitingly.
mordax, acis, biting, stinging.
mordeo, momordi, mors-, 2, bite,
sting, eat, devour.
mordicus (-citus), wilh bites.
mordicus, a, um, snappish.
1moze, foolish y.
mores, um, pl., M., [mos,]cAaracter.
moreétum, i, N., salad of garlic.
moribundus, a, um, dying.
morigeratio, onis, F., compliance.
morigeror (-o), t, gratify, comply.
morigerus, a, um, obsequious.
1 monio, onis, w., a blockhead.
1 morion, i, N., nightshade.
morior, mortuus, moriturus, 3,
to die, wither, vanish.
moror, 1, delay, care for.
morose, peevishly, anzxiously.
morositas, atis, F., fretfulness.
morosus, a, um, peevish, morose.
Morpheus, ei (eos), god of Dreams.
mors, mortis, F., death, a corpse.
morsico, 1, bite with the lips.
morsum, i, N., à bit, piece.
morsus, [mordeo, ] bitten.
morsus, us, M., biting, catch, bite.
mortalis, e, mortal, perishable.

116

mortalitas, atis, F., mortality.

mortarium, i, N., mortar, trough.

morticinus, a, um, dead (carrion).

mortifer, era, um, deadly.

mortualia, N. pl., dirges.

mortuarius, a, um, of the dead.

mortuus, morior, | dead; M., corpse.

morulus, a, um, dark-colored.

1 morum, i, N., mulberry.

1 morus, i, F., mulberry-tree.

1 morus, a, um, foolish.

mos, moris, M., manner, custom ;
pl., character, quality, conduct.

motio, Onis, F. ; mo/ion, emotion.

moto, r, [moveo,] keep in motion.

motor, Oris, M.. mover.

motus, | moveo, | moved, excited.

motus, üs, M. movement, emotion,
departure, tumult, change.

movens, tis, movable.

moveo, movi, mot-., 2, move, dis-
turb, set in. motion, excite, begin ;
P. (neut.), to move.

mox, presently, soon after.

muceo, 2 ; -cesco, 3, get musty.

mücidus, a, um, mouldy, musty.

mucosus, a, um, s/imy.

mücor, Oris, M., mould.

mücro, onis, M., edge, point, blade.

mücus, i, V., [mungo,] mucus.

muüsil, ilis, M., mullet.

muüzinor, rt, dally, trifle, delay.

mügio, 4, bellow, bray.

muügitus, us, M., bellowing, roaring.

mula, ee, dat. pl., -abus, F., mule.
mulceo, si, sum, 2, s/roke, soothe.
Muulciber, eris (eri) Vulcan.
muloo, 1, /o maul, handle roughly,
mulcta—multa, penalty.
mulctra, ee, F. ; -trum (-trarium,) i,
N., milk-paul.
mulgeo, si sum (ct-), 2, to milk.
muliebris, e, of a woman, woman-
ish, womanly, effeminate.
muliebriter, effeminately.
mulier, eris F., woman, wife.
muliercula, ee, F., iitile woman.
mulierosus (-brosus), a, um, fond
of women.
muülimus, a, um, of a mule.
mulio, onis, M., mule-driver.

mortalitas — municipium.

mulleus (calceus), i, M., red shoe.
mullus (-ulus), i, M., mullet.
mulsus, | mulceo, ] sweet as honey ;
F., sweetheart ; N., mead.
mulsus, [mulgeo,] milked.
multa, ee, rF., penalty, fine.
multaticus (-cius), a, um, of fines.
multaàtio, onis, F., fining.
multicius, a, um, delicate, splendid.
multifariam (-rie) on many sides,
variously.
multifarius, a, um, manifold.
multifidus, a, um, with many clefts.
multiformis, e, many-shaped.
multijugus, a, um, many, manifold.
multiloquax, acis, loquacious.
multimodis, in many ways.
multiplex, icis, of many folds or
parts.
multipliciter, /n man ways.
multiplico, 1, multiply.
multipotens, tis, very powerful.
multitudo, inis, F., multitude, crowd.

multo (mulcto), t, punish.

multo, 5; much (w. comparative).

multum, much.

multus, a, um (plus, plurimus),
much, frequent, diffuse ; pl., many.

muülus, i, M., mule.

Mummius, i, L (Achaicus), the
captor of Corinth, B.C., 146.

Munda, ee, F., a city of S. Spain,
taken by Caesar, B.C. 45.

mundanus, a, um, of the world.

munde, (-iter), neatly.

munditia, &; es, ei, F., cleanness,
elegance, terseness.

mundo, 1, cleanse.

mundus, (-ulus), a, um, clean, neat.

mundus, i M., decoration, imple-
ment, the world, or universe.

müneraàrius, a, um, of public shows
of gladiators.

muünero, I, bestow, present.

mungo, 3, blow the nose.

münia, ium, N., offices, duties.

müunuiceps, cipis, C. cilizen of a
free town, fellow-townsman.

münicipalis, e, of a free town.

münicipium, i, N., a free city hav-
ing a Roman citizenship.

munifex — Mysus.

münifex, icis, on duty.

munifice, liberally.

münificentia, ee, F., munificence.

münificus, a, um, munificent ;
bountiful, on duty.

münimen, inis; -mentum, i, N.,
defence, fortification.

muünio, 4, fortify, defend, build.

muünis, e, of. service, obliging.

muünitio, Onis, F., fortification.

münito, r, fortify, build.

muünitor, Oris, M., engineer.

muünitüra, ee, F., protection.

münitus, a, um, fortified, safe.

muünus, eris, N., office, gift, exhibi-
lion, service, favor.

müreena, ee, F., lamprey (sea-eel).

müzralis, e, of city-walls.

murcus, i, M., políroon.

mürex, icis, F., purple-fislt, purple
dye, crow's foot (iron points).

muria, ee, F., brine, pickle.

müricidus, i, M., coward.

mürinus, a, um, of mice.

murmur, uris, N., murmur, roar.

murmuro, I,/o0 murmur, grumble.

murrheus (-inus), a, um, of mur-
rha, a costly stone.

muzrrius, a, um, of myrrh.

murta—myrtus, myrile.

mürus, i, M., wall, embankment.

mus, müris, C., "»touse.

fmüsa, e, F., muse (goddess of
art and song), song, tit, science.

Müseeus, i; a Greek bard of the
mythic time.

1mysticus, a, um, of. mysteries.

musca (-ula), ee, F., f/y.

muscarius, a, um, of flies ; N., fly-
brush, closet.

muscipula, ee, F., mouse-trap.

muscosus (-cidus), a, um, moss).

musculus, i, M., lille mouse, muscle.

muscus, i, M., 71088.

1 müseus, a, um, of the Muses, poet-
ic ; N., museum, seatof the Muses.

1 müsica, ee (-6, 6s), F., music.

1müsice, splendidly.

fmüsicus, a, um, musical, poetic
or scientific ; M., musician.

müsivus, a, um, 70sdic.

117

mussito, I, be silent, murmur.
musso, I, murmur, ponder.
mustaceus, i; M.; -um, i N, à
cake sweetened with must.
mustela (-tella), ee, F., weasel.
musteus, a, um, of new wine.
mustus, a, um, young, new fresh ; N.,
must (fresh grape-juice).
mütabilis, e, changeable, mutable.
mütatio, onis, F., change, altering.
muütator, oris, M., exchanger.
mutilo, 1, (o dock, lop, mutilate.
mutilus (-cus) a, um, mulilated,
docked.
Mutina, ee, F., Modena, in N. Italy.
muütio (muttio), 4, mutter, murmur.
muütitio, Onis, F., muttering.
mütito, I, interchange.
müto, r, [moveo,] alter, change,
exchange, interchange, damage.
mütuàátio, onis, F., borrowing.
mütue (-O, -iter) mutually.
mütiuito (-or) 1r, seek to borrow.
mütuor, I, (o borrow.
mütus, a, um, dumb, mute, silent.
mütuus, a, um, borrowed, mutual.
Mycale, es, F., a city of Ionia.
Myceneus, a, um, of Miycenc,
the ancient capital of Argolis.
Mydonius, a, um, Prygian.
[myoparo, onis, M., « piratical
vessel. ;
myrica (66), ee, F., tamarisk, shrub.
Myrmidónés, um, a people of
'Thessaly, subjects of Achilles.
t myron (-um), i, N., ointment.
1 myropola, ee, N., perfumer.
1 myrrha, ee, F., myrrh.
1myrrheus (-atus, -inus,) a, um,
of myrrh, spiced.
myrtatus, a, um, seasoned with
myrtle-berries ; N., a kind of pud-
ding.
myrtetum, i, N., myrtle-grove.
myrteus (-inus), a, um, of myrtles.
Myrtous, a, um, Myrtoan, of the
western /Egean.
1 myrtum, i, N., myrtle-berry.
1 myrtus, i (üs), F., myrtle.
Mysus (-ius) a, um, of Mysia,
the N. W. dist. of Asia Minor.

118

1mysta (-tes), ee, M., priest of mys-
teries or secret rites. .
1mystagogus, i, M., mystagogue, a
guide to sacred places.
mysterium, N., secret rite, mystery.
1 mythicus, a, um, of fables.
1mythos, i, M., a fable, myth.
1myxus (os), i, M., wick-tube.

N.

N, the praenomen INNumerius.

Nabatheeus, a, um, of Nabathea,
a district of N. Arabia.

1nacca, ee, M., a fuller.

nactus, [nanciscor,] Zaving got.

nee (ne,) surely, really, indeed.

neenia—nenia, dirge.

Neenius, an old Roman poet, 5.c.
273-203, who served in the first
Punic War, and wrote its epic.

neevus, i, M., mole (birth-mark).

naias (nais), ádis, F., river-nymph.

nam, namque, for (S 43, 4).

nana, ee, F., dwarf.

nanciscor, nactus, 3, jet, find, meet.

nans, nantis, [no,] swimming.

nanus, i, M., dwarf, nag, pan.

1 napeeus, a, um, of the dell.

1 naphtha, ee, F., naphtha.

napus, i, M., turnip.

T napy, yos, N., mustard.

Nar, Naris, M., a river of Umbria.

Narbo, onis, M., Narbonne, a. city

. of S. W. Gaul (Narbonensis).

Narcissus, i; a beautiful youth,
changed to a flower.

nardinus, a, um, of nmard; N.,
spiced wine. — -

t nardus, i, M., nard (aromatic).

narinosus, a, um, //at-nosed.

naris, is, F., nostril ; pl. nose.
narratio, Onis, F., narrative.
narrator, Oris, M., relator.
narratus, üs, M., lale, narration.
narro, I, /o tell, relate, report.
narthex, ecis, F., the shrub fennel.
narus, gnarus, skilled.

Narycius, a, um, of Naryzx, a
Locrian city.

mytsa — naumachia.

Nasamones, um, a people of N.
Africa, eastward of Carthage.
nascens, tis, arising, beginning ;
N. pl, growing things.

nascor, natus, 5, be born, ascend,
arise, begin, grow, spring forth.

Nasica, ee (high-nose), P. Scipio,
consul B.C. 19r; his gr.-son
(slayer of Gracchus), B.C. 138.

nasiterna, ee, F., watering-pot.

Naso, onis (big-nose) the family
name of Ovid.

nassa (-xa), ee, F., fish-basket, net.

nasturtium, i, N., a kind of cress.

nasus, i, M., nose, handle, sarcasm.

nasutus, a, um, /arge-nosed, saga-
cious, sarcastic.

nata, ee, F., [nascor,] daughter.

natalicius, a, um, of one's birth-
day ;^ M., birthday ; N., gift; pl.,
birthday feast.

natalis, e, of one's birth ; M., birth-
day ; pl. lineage, origin ; N., birth-
hour ; pl, birth-right.

natantes, ia, [nato, ] fishes.

natatio, Onis, rF.; -tus, us, M,
swimming.

natator, Oris, M., swimmer.

natinor, 1, /o be busy.

natio, onis, F., birth, race, nation.

natis, is, F., rump.

nativus, a, um, by birth, native,
innate, natural.

nato, 1, (o swim, float, overflow.

natrix, icis, F., water-snake, scourge.

natura, ee, F., birth, nature.

naturalis, e, by birth, natural.

naturaliter, according to nature.

nátus, a, um, born, constituted, (w.
acc. of time), old ; M., son.

nátus, üs, M., birth, growth.

tnauclerus, i, M., shipmaster.

naucum (us) i, N., a trifle.

naufragium, i, N., shipwreck, wreck,
storm, ruin, destruction.

naufrago, 1, suffer wreck.

naufragus, a, um, wrecked, ruined,
dangerous, causing wreck.

1naulia, orum, w., lute.

1naulum, i, N., passage-money.

t naumachia, ee, F., sca-fight.

Naupactus, i, M., a coast-town of
ZEtolia.
Naupliades, is, Palamédes, son
of Nauplias, myth. k. of Eubcea.
| nausea, ee, F., sea-sickness.
aauseo, r, be sea-sick, qualmish.
hauseola, ee, F., qualm.
hauseosus, a, um, sickening.
nauta—navita, sailor.
| nautea, ee, F., nausea. bilgewater.
[nauticus, a, um, of ships; pl.
sailors, seamen.
navalis, e, of. ships; N., port, dock-
yard ; pl., harbor, rigging.
| navarchus, i, M., ship's captain.
nave, diligently.
navia, ee, F., ship, trough.
navicula (-cella), ee, r., boat, skiff.
navicularius, a, um, of boats ; M.,
skipper ; F., boat-hiring or agency.
inavifragus, a, um, causing wreck.
navigabilis, e, navigable.
navigatio, onis, F., sailing.
naviger, a, um, ship-bearing.
navigium, i, N., vessel, ship, raft.
navigo, I, to sail, navigate.
nàvis, is, em (im), F., ship.
nàvita, (nauta), ee, sailor, boatman.
návitas, atis, F., promptness.
naviter, diligently, promptly, fully.
nàvo, 1, do zealously, accomplish.
navus, a, um, prompt, diligent.
Naxos, i; F,,; an island in the
/Egean Sea.
ne, lest; (w. imperat.) not;
quidem, nol even.
ne for nee, surely.
-ne, interrog. part. (S 71), «whether.
Neapolis, is, F., Naples, in Cam-
pania, 120 miles S. E. of Rome.
t nebris, idis, F., fawn-skin.
nebula, ee, F., mist, vapor, cloud.
nebulo, onis, N., worthless fellow.
nebulosus, a, um, cloudy, misty.
nec—neque, nor, and not.
necàtus, [neco,] slain.
necdum, and not yet.
necessario (8), necessarily.
necessarius, a, um, necessary, kin-
dred ; M., friend, relative.
necesse (neut.), necessary.

ne...

Naupaoetus — negotior.

|

119
necessitas, atis, F., necessity, need,
friendship, relationship.
necessitudo, inis, F., intimacy,
need ; pl., friends, relatives.
necessum, inevitable.
necne, or not.
necnon, aíiso.
neco, cávi, cat- (ct-), 1, to Kill.
necopinans, tis, unaware.
necopinato, unexpectedly.
necopinatus, a, um, unezpected.
necopinus, a, um, unsuspecting,
unlooked for.
Tnecromantia, ee, F., evoking the
dead, necromancy.
nectar, áris, N., nectar, drink of
the gods.
nectareus, a, um, of nectar, deli-
cious ; F., a fragrant plant.
necto, xi (xui), xum, 3, io bind,
clasp, fasten, weave, devise.
nectus—necatus, [neco,] s/ain.
necubi, /est anywhere.
necunde, lest from an place.
nedum, much, less, not to say.
nefandus, a, um, [for,] ünpious,
abominable.
nefarie, impiously, wickedly.
nefarius, a, um, execrable, abomin-
able; N., a heinous crüne.
nefas, N. wrong, crime, harm, wretch.
nefastus, a, um, impious, inauspici- —
ous; dies, a day when no court
business could be done.
nefrens, dis, toolhless. *
negatio, onis, F., denial, refusal.
negito, I, persist in denying.
neglecte, (-tim), negligently.
neglectus, [negligo,| s/igAted.
neglectus, üs, M., neglect.
negligens, tis, negligent, heedless.
negligenter, heecllessly.
negligentia, ee, F., neglect.
negligo, exi, ect-, 3, /o neglect,
slight, despise, disregard.
nego, I, (o deny, refuse; hinder.
negotialis, e, of. business.
negotians, tis, M., «a dealer.
negotiatio, onis, F., «wAolesale trade.
negotiator, Oris, M., agent, trader.
negotior, 1, :o deal, traffic.

190

negotiosus, a, um, full of business.
negotium, [otium,]i, N., business,
trouble, difficulty, a. thing.
Neleus, ei, myth. k. of Pylos, son
of Neptune, father of Nestor.
Nemea, e, F., a town of Argolis.
nemen, inis; -ma, átis, N., (read,
Nemesis, is (ios), the goddess of
Justice, or Retribution.
nemo (T. 5), c., [ne homo,] »o one.
nemoralis (ensis), e, of the grove.
nemorosus, a, um, :0ody, leafy.
nempe, surely, why!
1nemus, óris, N., ood, grove, tree.
nenia, ee, F., ail, dirge, song.
neo, nevi, net-, 2, /o spin, weave.
Neoptolemus, i, son of Achilles.
1 neotericus, a, um, new.
nepa, ee, F., scorpion, crab.
Nephele, es, wife of Athamas,
mother of Phryxus and Helle.
nepos, Otis, M., grandson, nephew ;
prodigal, spendthrift.
nepotinus, a, um (-àlis, e), profuse.
nepotor, 1, squander, lavish.
neptis, is, F., granddaughter.
Neptünius, a, um, of or but by
Neptune.
Neptünus, i, god of the Waters,
brother of Jupiter; he sea.
nequam, worthless, wretched, vile.
nequaquam, £j no means.
neque (nec), neither, nor, and not.
nequedum, and not yet.
nequeo ($ 97, viii.), cannot.
néquicquam (-quiquam ), in vain.
nequior, nequissimus, [nequam, ]
more and most worthless.
nequis, qua, quod (quid), /est any.
nequiter, wortAlessly, badly.
nequitia, ee (-es, ei), F., badness,
vileness, negligence, levity.
nequo, no-whither.
nereis, idis, F., sea-nymph.
Nereus, i, a sea-deity, son of
Oceanus and Tethys.

Neritos (us), ij M., a mountain of
Ithaca ; -1us, a, um, /tAacan.
Nero, onis, family name of L. Do-
mitius Aénobarbus, the sixth

emperor, A.D. 54—68.

*

negotiosus — nigrans.

Nerva, successor of Domitian,
A.D. 96—98.

nerviee, arum, F., s/rings, chords.

Nervii, orum, a Belgian tribe.

nervose, energetically.

nervosus, a, um, sinewy, vigorous.

nervus, i, M., sinew, string, thong,
bow-string, vigor, force, a prison.

nesciens, tis, ignorant, unskilled.

nescienter, ignoranltly.

nescio, 4, be ignorant or unskilled.

nescius, a, um, ignorant, unable,
unskilled, unknown.

Nessus, i a Centaur, slain by
Hercules.

Nestor, óris, myth. king of Pylos,
son of Neleus.

netus, üs, M.,| neo, | spinning, thread.

neu—neve, nor.

neuter, tra, um, neither of two.

neutiquam, 5j no means.

neutralis, e, neuter.

neutro, /o neither side.

neutrubi, in neither place.

neve, and not, and lest.

nex, necis, F., death (by violence).

nexilis, e, bound together.

nexio, Onis, F., fastening.

nexo, xui (xi), 5, bind, join, fasten.

nexum, i, N., s/avery for debt.

nexuosus, a, um, full of knots.

nexus, [necto,| /astened ; M., pris-
oner, one bound to service.

nexus, üs, M., binding, obligation.

ni, not, that not, unless.

Niceea, ee, F., a town of Bithynia.

Nicias, ee, Athenian commander of
the Sicilian expedition B.C. 415.

nico, ci, 3, beckon. ji

Nicomedia, ee, F., the capital of
Bithynia.

nicto, 1, wink, blink, sign, strive.

nictus, üs, M., winking.

nidamentum, i, N., stuff for nest.

nidifico, 1, (o build nests.

nidor, Oris, M., vapor, steam, odor.

nidulor, 1, /o build nests.

nidus (-ulus), i, M., nest, retreat.

nigellus, a, um, dark, swarthy.

niger, gra, um, black, dark.

nigrans, tis, black, dusky.

nigredo — nominatus.

nigredo, inis, rF., blackness.

nigresco, 3, grow black or dark.

nigricans, tis, blackish.

nigritia, ee, F., blackness.

nigro, i, b/acken, be black.

nigror, Oris, M., blackness.

nihil, nothing, not at all.

nihildum, nothing yet. '

nihilominus, none the less.

nihilum, i, N.—nihil, nothing.
nil—nihil, nothing.

Nilus, i; M, (he Nie, the great
river of Egypt.

nimbatus, a, um, /igÀ!, vapory.

nimbifer, era, um, stormy.

nimbosus, a, um, s/ormy, rainy.
nimbus, i, M., rain-cloud, storm.
nimie (-0), by far, too much.
nimietas, atis, F., excess.
nimirum, doubtless.

nimis, (00 much, excessively.

nimius, a, um, excessive, too great.

ningit, ninxit, 3, i! snows.
ninguidus, a, um, $nowy.

ninguis, is, F., $now.

ningulus, a, um, nobody.

Ninive, es, r., JVineveh, the capi-
tal of Assyria, on the Tigris.
Ninus, myth. founder of Niniveh.
Niobe, és (-ba, &), daughter of
Tantalus, changed to stone after

the loss of all her children.

Niseeus (-6ius), of Nisus.

Niseis, idis, Scylla, d. of N isus,
k. of Megara, who betrayed his
kingdom to Minos.

nisi (ni) unless, if. not.

nisus, [nitor,| relying.

nisus (-xus), us, M., effort, pressure.

Nisus, i; myth. king of Megara,
changed to a hawk.

nitela (-dula), ee, F., dormouse.

nitens, tis, shining, brilliant, bloom-
ing, famous.

nitens, tis, [nitor,] striving.

niteo, ui, 2, (o shine, glitter, thrive,
Jlourish.

nitesco, tui, 3, to shine forth.

nitibundus, a, um, síraining.

nitide, brightly.

| nitido, 1, make bright, bathe.

191

nitidus. a, um, bright, sleek, elegant.

nitor, nisus (nixus), 3, /o sírain,
mount, strive, rely.

nitor, Oris, M., brightness, neatness.

T nitrum, i, N., soda, alkali.

nivalis, e, snowy.

nivarius, a, um, of snow.

nivatus, a, um, cooled with snow.

nivens, tis, closing (winking).

niveus, a, um, snowy, white.

nivosus, a, um, full of snow.

nix, nivis, F., snow.

nixor, 1, /ean, strive.

nixus, [nitor, | relying.

nixus, lis, M., effort, presssure.

no, I, (0o swim, sail.

nobilis, e, famous, noble. —

nobilitas, atis, F., nobility (of rank,
fame or quality), the nobles.

nobiliter, nobly.

nobilito, r, make famous.

nobiscum, [ego, ] wi/^ us.

nocens, tis, guilly, harmful; M.,
a criminal.

nocenter, qguiltily.

noceo, Cui, cit-, 2, (o harm, hurt.

nocivus, a, um, noxious.

noctilüca, ee, F., night-shining.

noctivagus,a, um, night-wandering.

noctu (-te), bj night.

noctua, ee, F., otl.

noctuabundus, a, um, in the night.

noctuinus, a, um, of oils.

nocturnus, a, um, nightly, dark.

nocuus, a, um, Aarmful. ;

nodatus, a, um, &notted.

nodo, 1, to fill with knots, fasten.

nodosus, a, um, £notty, swollen,
intricate, difficult.

nodus (-ulus),i, M., knot, knob, band,
coil, difficulty.

nolens, tis, unwilling.

nolo, nolle, nolui ($ 37, ii), be un-
willing, wish ill. |

nomades, um, C., wanderers.

nomen, inis, N., name (8 15), race,
debt, thing, fame, reason, pretext.

nomenclator, oris, M., namer.

nominatim, 5j name. i

nominatio, onis, F., naming.

nominàtus, a, um, celebrated.

122

nomino, I, call by name, make fa-
mous, nomanate, accuse.

1 nomisma, átis, N., coin, medal.

1 nomos, i, M., district, tune.

non, not, no.

nonee, arum, F. pl, Nones ($ 83),
the 7th of March, May, July,
Oct. ; 5th of the other months.

nónàgeni, ninety (each).

nonagies, ninety times. J

nonaginta, ninety.

nonanus, a, um, of the oth legion.

nonarius, a, um, of the 9th hour.

nondum, not yet.

nongenti (noningenti) se, a, 9oo.

nonies (-ens), nine times.

nonna, ee, F., à nun.

nonne (interrog.), not ?

nonnemo, inis, M., some one.

nonnihil, something.

nonnullus, a, um, some.

nonnumquam, sometimes.

nonnusquam, somewhere.

nonus, a, um, ninth.

nonus decimus, nineteenth.

Noreia, ee, F., a town of Noricum,
the dist. north of the Adriatic.

norma, ae, F., square, rule.

normalis, e, 5j (he square.

nos, nostrum, nobis, we.

noscito, I, recognize.

. nosco, novi, not-, 3, learn, be ac-
quainted, to know ; perf. know.
noster, tra, trum, our ; pl., M., our

men, N., our possessions.
nostras, atis, of our country.
nostratim, in our fashion.
nota, ee, F., mark, sign, note, stain.
notabilis, e, noteworthy.
notarius, a, um, of writing; M.,
short-hand writer, clerk.
notatio, onis, F., marking, choice.
notesco, tui, 3, become known.
nothus, a, um, ///egitimate, false.
notio, onis, F., a getting knowledge,
investigation, notion, idea.
notitia, ee (-es, ei), F., knowing, ac-
quaintance, note.
notius, a, um, southern.
noto, 1, designate, mark, signify,
brand, remark, write in cypher..—

nomino — nubo.

notor, Oris, M., voucher, witness.

notus, [nosco,] known.

notus (os), i, M., the South wind.

novacula, ee, F., razor, knife.

novalis, e, fallow, fresh-ploughed.

novatio, Onis, F., renewing.

nove, in new fashion, unusually.

novellus, a, um, young, new, fresh.

novem, nine.

november, bris (9th month), No-
vember.

novemdecim, nineteen.

novemdialis, e, of nine days.

novenarius, a, um, of nine.

noveni, ee, a, nine (each).

noverca, ee, F., stepmother.

novercalis, e, of a stepmother, hos-
tile, malevolent.

novi, [nosco,] 7 £now.

novies (-ens), nine times.

novissime, quite lately, lastly.

novissimus, a, um, /atest, last, low-
est, furlhest ; agmen, the rear.

novitas, atis, F., newness, strange-
ness, novelty.

noviter, newly, afresh.

novitius, a, um, new, fresh.

novo, I, (o renew, alter, invent, re-
fresh, change by revolution.

novus, a, um, nei, fresh, strange,
unwonted ; N., novelt; ; res novae,
revolution, novelties.

nox, noctis, F., night, darkness, the
world below, gloom, storm, death.

noxa (-ia), ee, F., harm, crime, pun-
ishment.

noxius (-Osus) a, um, harmful,
injurious, guilty.

nübecula, ee, small cloud, dark spot.

nübes,is,F.; (-is, M.), cloud, smoke,
vapor, gloom, obscurity.

nübifer, a, um, cloud-bearing.

nübigena, e, C., cloud-born; pl.
the Centaurs.

nübilarium, i, N., shed, barn.

nübilis, e, marriageable.

nübilo, 1, /o be or make cloudy.

nübilus (-0sus), a, um, cloudy, dark,
overcast, gloomy.

nübo, psi, pt-, 3, cover, veil, marry
(put on the veil, with dat.).

nucetum — nusquam.

nucetum, i, N., wood of nut trees.
nuceus, a, um ; -alis, e, of a nut.
nucleus, i, M., kernel, nut.
nucula, ee, F., little nut.
nüdatio, onis, F., stripping bare.
nude, nakedly, simply.
nüdius (tertius) now the (third)
day since.
nüdo, t, (o strip, make bare, despoil.
nudus, a, um, naked, bare, stripped,
unadorned, alone, destitute.
nügee, arum, F., nonsense, finery,
jesters.
nugalis, e, frivolous ; N. pl., trijles.
nugator, Oris, M., trifler, jester.
nügatorius, a, um ; nügax, acis,
trifling, futile, useless.
nüvigendus, i, M., dealer in finery.
nügor, t, jest, trifle, cheat.
nullatenus, 5j no means.
nullus, a, um (gen. ius), no, none,
of no account.
num, whether (S 71).
Numa, e, Pompilius, second k.
of Rome, B.C. 713-679.
Numantia, ee, F., a city of South
Spain, capt. by Scipio, B.C. 133.
nümarius, a, um, of money, bribed.
nümatus, a, um, moneyed, rich.
numella, ee, F., shackle, fetter.
nümen, inis, N., [nuo,] »od, com-
mand, divine will, divinity.
numeràbilis, e, //;at can be counted.
numerarius, a, um, of accounts.
numeratio, onis, F., payment.
numeratus, a, um, in ready money,
N., cash ; in numerato, a/ hand.
numero, I, count, reckon, pay out.
numero, precisely, quickly. .
numerose (-iter), nunmerously, har-
moniously, in poetic numbers.
numerosus, a, um, numerous, pro-
lific, populous, melodious.
numerus, i M., number, quantity,
troop, rank, part, order, measure
or number (in verse).
Numicius, i M. a stream in La-
tium ; name of a Roman Gens.
Numida, ee, /NVvumidian.
Numidia, e, F., a dist. of N.
Africa, W. of Carthage ; A/giers.

193

Numidicus, a, um, JVwmnidian; a
name given, to Metellus, con-
queror of Jugurtha.

numisma—nomisma, coin.

Numitor, Oris, grandíather of
Romulus.

nummus—numus, coin, money.

numnon, numne-—num, «whether.

numosus, a, um, weaithy.
numquam, never.

numquid, whether (emphatic).

numquis, wAether any.

nümularius, a, um, of money; M.,
state-banker.

nümus (-ulus), i M. money (as
coin—4 cents, $ 84); farthing.

nunc, now (S 41, ii. 2), but now.

nunccine? now?

nunciatio, onis, F., declaration.

nuncio—nuntio, announce.

nuncubi? anywhere? ever?
nuncupatio, Onis, F., naming, ap-
pointing, dedication.

nuncupo, I, (0 name or appoint (as
heir), vow publicly.

nuncusque, (il/ now.

nundinee, arum, F., market-day.

nundinalis, e, of the market.

nundinatio, onis, F., trafficking.
nundinor, 1, to attend. market, buy,
trade, troop together.

nundinus, a, um, of the 9th or
market-day ; N., market-time.

nunquam-—numquam, never.

nuntia, ee, F., messenger.

nuntiatio, Onis, F., announcement.

nuntio, I, (o announce, declare.

nuntius, i M., messenger, message,
order, tidings.

[nuo, nüt-, 3, to nod (only in com-
pounds).

nüper, /ately, just now.

nüperus, a, um, recent, fresh.

nupta, ee, F., [nüibo,] bride.

nuptiee, arum, F., marriage.

nuptialis, e, of a wedding.

nuptus, a, um, [nübo,] married ;.
F., bride, wife.

nuptus, üs, M., marriage.

nurus, üs, F., daughter-in-law.

nusquam, nowhere, in or to nothing.

124

nütabundus, a, um, s/aggering.

nütatio, onis, F., nodding, tottering.

nutiquam—neutiquam.

nüto, 1, /o nod, sway, waver.

nutricátus, üs, M., nursing, nurture.

nütricius, a, um, suckling, cherish-
ing ; M., tulor ; N., nourishment.

nütrico (-or), t, (o nourish, rear.

nütricula, ee, F., nurse.

nütrimen, inis; -mentum, i, N.,
nourishment, support.

nütrio (-or), 4, nourish, rear, cher-
ish, preserve (as fruit).

nütrix, icis, F., nurse, rearer,
breeder, nursery (of plants).

nütus, üs, M. & nod, command,
beckoning, downward motion.

nux, nucis, F., nut.

T1nympha, ee, T. bride, nymph (of
fountains, &c.).

tnympheea, ee, F. pen a

1nympheeum (-G&um), i N. fount
of the nymphs.

nymphalis, e, of the fountain.

nymphigena, ee, (he nymph-born
(Achilles).

Nyseeus, a, um, of Nysa, a city in
Caria ; Bacchic, of N ysa in India,
the birthplace of Bacchus.

O.

OQ, a common exclamation, or form
of address, with voc. or acc.

1 Oasis, is, F., a dist. in the Libyan
desert, an exile for criminals.

Oaxes, is, M., a river of Crete?

Ob, towards, at, about, on account of.

[-0b, towards, on, in the wa of.

Obeeratus (-rius), a, um, indebted ;
M., debtor, one bound for debt.

obambulo, 1, /o walk by.

obarmo, i, /o arm.

obaro, r, to plough up.

obaudio, 4, (o obey.

obauratus, a, um, gilded, gilt.

Obba, ee, F., goblet, mug or bowl.

[obc—occ-.

Obdo, didi, dit-, 3, put in the way,
envelop, close, wrap.

-

nutabundus — oblatio.

obdormio, 4 ; -isco, 5, !o fall asleep.
obduco, xi, ct-, 3, lead towards,
draw over, cover, fasten, shut up.
obductio, onis, F., veiling, covering.
obduresco, dürui, 5, (o grow hard
or stubborn.
obduro, 1, !o harden, make hard,
endure, persist.
obediens, tis, obedient.
obedienter, readily, willingly.
obedientia, ee, F., obedience.
obedio, 4, obey, yield, hearken.
obedo, edi, es-, 5, eat, devour.
1 obeliscus, i, M., obelisk, rosebud.
Obeo, ii, it-, 4, go towards, go down,
perish, survey, traverse, undertake,
enter on, meet (death), die.
obequito, 1, ride up to.
obero, [obsum,] wi// be present.
Oberro, 1, move about.
Obesitas, atis, F., jrossness.
obesus, [|edo,] /ean or eaten away ;
fat, coarse, swollen.
obex, icis, D., bar, bolt, barrier.
[obf-—oft- ; obg-—ogg-.
obheereo, 2 ; heeresco, heesi, 3, /o
stick. fast.
obiens, euntis, [| obeo,] meeting.
obirascor, iratus, I, get angry at.
obiter, on or by the way, at once.
obitus, üs, M., an approach, going
down, setting, downfall, death.
objaceo, ui, 2, /o lie over against.
objectatio (-ctio), onis, F., a cast-
ing-against, accusation, reproach.
objecto, 1, to throw against, oppose,
expose, repr oach.
"objectus, [objicio,] lying opposite,
ezposed ; N. pl., accusations.
objectus, üs, M., casting in the way,
exposure, intei "position, projection.
objex—obex, barrier.
objicio, jeci, ject-, 3, /o cast in the
way, resent, hold forth, upbraid.
objurgatio, onis, F., reproach.
objurgátor, Oris, M., a rebuker.
objurgatorius, a, um, reproachful.
objurgo (ito), t, to chide, dissuade,
rebuke, chastise. N
oblaqueo, 1, £o trench about.
oblatio, onis, F., offering, bestowal.

oblatro — observate.

oblatro, r1, rail or bark at.
oblatus, [offero,] offered.
oblectamen, inis ; -mentum, i, N.,
delight, joy, solace, amusement.
oblecto, 1, /o delight, gratify.
oblido, si, sum, 35, crush together.
obligatio, onis, F., binding, bond.
obligo, 1, to bind, tie close, pledge.
obligurio, 4, (o squander, devour.
oblimo, t, beslime, squander.
* oblino, levi, Hit-, 5, besmear, bedaub.
oblique, sideiwise, indirectly.
obliquo, 1, (0 twist, turn, warp.
obliquus, a, um, sidelong, awry,
indirect.
oblisus, [-lido,] erushe4.
oblitesco, litui, 5, [lateo,] Aide.
oblitero, r, (o blot out.
oblitus, [lino,] besmeared.
oblitus, a, um, forgetful, forgotten.
oblivio, Onis, F., forgetfulness, ob-
livion.
obliviosus, a, um, forgetful.
oblhiviscor, oblitus, 3, forget.
oblivium, i, N., forgetfulness.
obloco, t, give out on contract.
oblocütor, oris, M., contradicter.
oblongus, a, um, rather long.
obloquor, locütus, /o interrupt,
contradict.
Oobluctor, r, s/ruggle against.
obludo, si, sum, 35, play off jokes.
obmolior, 4, throw up in front.
obmoveo, movi, mot-, 2, bring
forward.
obmurmuro, I, murmur against.
obmuütesco, tui, 3. be speechless.
obnáàtus, a, um, growing on or near.
obnitor, sus (xus), 3, push against.
obnisus (-xus), a, um, resolute.
obnixe, with might and main.
obnoxie, guillily, submissively.
obnoxius, a, um, /frail, exposed,
liable, submissive, beholden.
obnübilus, a, um, beclouded.
obnübo, psi, pt-, 3, !o veil, cover.
obnuntiatio, onis, F., announce-
ment of evil omen.
obnuntio, (-cio), r, announce (evil).
oboleo, ui, 2, to emit odor.
T0bolus, i, N., a small coin (3 cts.).

195

Oborior, ortus, 4, !o rise, appear.

obortus, iis, M., origin.

[obp-—opp.

obrepo, psi, pt-, 3, creep up to,
steal upon, surprise, cheat.

obreptio, Onis, F., « stealing, sur-
prise.

obretio, 4, entangle.

obrigesco, gui, 5, grow hard or stiff.

obrodo, 35, to gnaw.

obrogo, r, ío repeal (by a later
law), invalidate.

obruo, rui, rut-, 5, io cover, bury,
overwhelm, overpower.

T obrussa (-ryza), ee, F., test, assay.

obsaturo, 1, /o sate, clog.

obscene, indecently, foully.

obscenitas, atis, F., foulness, im-
purity, inauspiciousness.

obscenus, a, um, of ill omen, foul,
impure, evil, indecent.

obscüratio, onis, F., darkening.

obscuüre, darkly, secretly.

obscüritas, atis, F., darkness, ob-
.Scurity, meanness.

obscüro, 1, /o darken, hide, blind.

obscürus, a, um, dark, unknown,
obscure, secret.

obsecratio, onis, F., supplication,
beseeching, protestation.

Obsecro, 1, (o beseech, implore. ;

obsecundo, r1, comply, obey, follow.

obsépio, psi, pt-, 4, /o fence in,
bar, close up.

obsequela (-quentia), ee, F., com-
plaisance, compliance.

obsequens, tis, yielding, indulgent.

obsequenter, obediently.

obsequiee, arum, F., funeral rites.

obsequiosus, a, um, compliant.

obsequium, i, N., yielding, compli-
ance, indulgence, obedience.

obsequor, cutus, 5, yield, gratify,
indulge, obey, submit.

obsero, I1, to bol, fasten.

obsero, sevi, sit-, 5, (o sow, plant,
cover, fill.

observans, tis, watchful, attentive.

observanter, carefully.

observantia, ee, F., respect, regard.

observate, circwnspectly.

126

observatio, onis, F., care, observ-
ance, rule, respect.
observator, oris, M. ;
F., observer.
observito, 1, watch carefully.
observo, 1, note, regard, watch.
Obsés, idis, C., //ostage, pledge.
obsessio, onis, F., blockade.
obsessor, Oris, M., a besieger, fre-
quenter.
obsessus, [obsideo,] beset.
obsidatus, üs, M. condition of
hostage.
obsideo, sedi, sess-, 2, to besiege,
beset, occupy, frequent ;
obsidio, onis, F., siege, blockade.
obsidior, 1, lii in wait for.
obsidium, i N., siege, blockade.
obsido, 3, beset, besiege, occupy.
obsignator, Oris, N., sealer, witness.
obsigno, 1, /o seal, attest, pledge.
obsipo, 1, sprinkle.
obsisto, stiti, stit-, 3, withstand,
resist, oppose, disapprove.
obsitus, [sero,] planted.
obsole-facio, 3, /o wear out, spoil.
obsolesco, evi, et-, fall into decay.
obsolete, sAabbily, meanly.
obsoletus, a, um, «orn out, poor,
shabby, ruinous.
obsonator, Oris, M., caterer.
obsonatus, us, M., marketing.
1obsonium, i, N., viands.
obsono (-or), t, purvey, furnish.
obsono, ui, it-, 1, interrupt noisily.
obsopio, 4, :o put to sleep.
obsorbeo, bui, 2, swallow up.
obsordesco, sordui, 3, get soiled,
wear out, diminish.
obstantia, ee, F., hindrance.
Obstetrix, Ícis, F., midwife.
obstinate, inflexibly.
obstinatio, onis, F., stubbornness.
obstinàátus, a, um, resolute.
obstino, 1, stand fast or against.
obstipesco—obstupesoo, 3, to be
amazed.
obstipo, 1, fo lean.
obstipus, a, um, bent, inclined.
obstitus, [-sisto,] set in the way,
opposed, struck by lightning.

-trix, tricis,

observatio — obtrudo.

Obsto, stiti, stat-, I, stand against,
oppose, check, be hateful to. —
obstrepo, ui, it-, 5, (o clamor at or

against, drown with noise.
obstrictus, [stringo,] bound.
obstrigillo, r, hinder, impede.
obstringo, strinxi, strict-, 3, bind
close, fasten, pledge.
obstructio, Onis, F., barrier, hin-
drance.
obstruo, xi, ctum, 3, build against,
. barricade, obstruct.
obstrüdo—-obtrüdo, thrust upon.
obstupefacio, feci, fact-, 5, amaze.
obstupesco, stupui, 5, be amazed.
obstupidus, a, um, stupefied.
obsum, esse, fui, be harmful.
obsuo, ui, üt-, 5, sew up, stop close.
obsurdesco, dui, 3, grow deaf.
obtego, xi, ct-, 3, (0 cover, hide,
veil, keep secret.
obtemperaàtio, onis, F., compliance.
obtempero, 1, comply, conform.
obtendo, di, tum, 3, draw or spread
over, hide, pretend, allege.
obtentus, a, um, [-tendo,] drawn,
[tineo,] eld.
obtentus, üs, M., drawing-over.
obtero, trivi, trit-, 3, bruise, wear,
crush, degrade, destroye "
obtestatio, onis, F., adjuring, en-
treaty, adjuration.
obtestor, I, call as witness, adjure.

obtexo, xui, xt-, 3, weave or
spread over.
obticeo, 2 ; (-cesco, 3), cui, to be

Or grow silent.
obtigo—obtego, cover.
obtineo, tinui, tent-, 2, hold, get,
maintain, prove, continue.
obtingo, tigi, 3, touch, strike, hap-
pen to, befail.
obtorpesco, torpui, 3, grow numb.
obtorqueo, si, tum, 2, /o turn,
twist, wrench.
obtrectatio, onis, F., disparaging.
obtrectator, Oris, M., traducer.
obtrecto, I, detract, oppose, injure.
obtritus, [tero] bruised.
obtrüdo, si, sum, 3, /o thrust upon,
gulp, stop close.

obtrunco — octingenti.

obtrunco, i; /o cut away, mangle,
kill, trim, prune.
obtueor, 2, gaze «ip on, perceive.
obtundo, tudi, tüs- (tuns-), 5, !o
thump, blunt, din.
obtüramentum, i, N., stopper, bung.
obtürbo, r, disturb, confuse.
obturgesco, tursi, 3, /o swell.
obtüro, 1, stop up, allay.
obtüse, dully, dunly.
obtüsio, Onis, F., blunting, bruise.
obtüsus, [tundo,] b/unted, dull.
obtütus, üs, M., «à gazing.
obumbro, 1, overshadow, obscure.
obuncus, a, um, bent, hooked.
obustus, [üro,] charred, scorched.
obvagulo, 1r, demand loudly.
obvallo, 1, t0 fortify, surround.
obvenio, veni, vent-, 4, come in
the way, befall.
obventio, onis, F., income, revenue.
obversor, 1, /o go or hover about,
appear, oppose.
obverto, ti, sum, 3, (urn towards.
obviam(w. dat.), in the way, at hand.
obvigilo, 1r, to be watchful.
obvio, 1, (o meet, prevent.
Obvius, a, um, meeting, in the way,
at hand, opposed, adverse, exposed.
Oobvolvo, vi, üt-, 3, (0 wrap, cover.
OCCa, &e, F., harrow.
occeaeco, r, make blind, darken.
occeedes, is, F., slaughter.
occallesco, lui, 3, get hardened.
occano, ui, 3, (o sound, blow.
occàásio, Onis, F., occasion, means,
opportunity, supply.
occasiuncula, ee, F., occasion.
occasus, tis, M., [cado,] fal/, down-
fall, destruction, setting, the west.
occátio, onis, F., harrowing.
occe&do, cessi, cess-, 3, go towards.
occento, I, sing in presence of.
occepso—occepero [occipio].
occepto, t, begin. :
occidens, tis, M., the west.
occidio, Onis, F., [ceedo,] mas-
sacre, destruction.
occido, cidi, cis, 3, kill, cut down.
occído, cido, càs, 3, fall, set, per-
ish, be ruined.

197

occiduus, a, um, setting, failing,
perishing, western.

occillo, 1, /o smash.

occino, ui, cent-, 3, chirp, croak,
sing (inauspiciously).

occipio, cepi, cept-, 5, begin, enter.

occiput, itis, |-itium, ij] N., back
of the head.

occisio, onis, F., slaughter, murder.

occisor, Oris, M., slayer, murderer.

occisus, [caedo, ] s/ain.

occlüdo, si, sum, 3, (o shut, stop.

OCOO, I, (0 harrow.

occubo, ui, 1, /o rest, repose.

occulco, r1, trample upon.

occulo, ui, cult-, 5, cover, hide.

occultatio, onis, F., hiding.

occultator, Oris, M., hider.

occulte (-tim, -to), secretly.

occulto, r1, to hide, secrete.

occultus, a, um, hidden, secret.

occumbo, cubui, cubit-, 5, /o fall,
sink, lie, yield, perish.

occupatio, Onis, F., seizing, hold-
ing, employment.

occupatus, a, um, busy, employed.

occupo, I, seize, occupy, anticipate,
attack, surprise, outstrip.

occurro, 3, run to meet, oppose,
attack, happen, appear, reply.

occursátio, onis, F., officiousness.

occurso, I, meet, attack, appear.

occursus, üs, M., meeting, opposing.

Oceanus, i, M. (ocean), Father of
Seas and Rivers.

Oceanitis, idis, F., d. of Oceanus ;
sea-nymph.

ocellátus, a, um, spotted.

.ocellus, i, M., little eye, eyelet.

Ocior, us, Occissimus, swifter.
Ociter, Ocius, Ocissime, siwifily.
ocrea, ae, F., greave (leg-armor).
ocreatus, a, um, greaved.
Octavius (-ànus), i, family name
of Augustus.
octávus, a, um, eighth; F., the
eighth hour (4 P.M.) ; one-eighth.
octies (ens), eight times.
octingentesimus, a, um, 8ooth.
octingeni (-genteni), 800 each.
octingenti, ee, a, eight hundred.

198

octipes, edis, eight-footed.

Octó, eight.

October, bris, w.,
month).

octodecim, eighteen.

octogenarius, a, um, of 80 years.

octogeni, a, um, eighty each.

octogesimus, a, um, eightieth.

octogies, eighty times.

octoginta, eighty.

octojugis, e, eigAt together.

octoni, a, um, eight each.

octuplus, a, um, eigAt-fold.

octussis, c/gh! asses.

ocularius, a, um, of the eyes.

oculatus, a, um, furnished with
eyes, visible, conspicuous.

oculeus, a, um, sharp-sighted.

oculissimus, a, um, dearest.

oculitus, most dearly.

oculo, t, furnish with eyes.

oculus, i, M. eye, vision, darling,
bud (of plants).

ocyor—-ocior, siwifler.

10da, ee; ode, es, F., song.

Todeum, i, m, music-Aall.

odi, osus (S 38, i), Aate, dislike.

odiose, hatefully.

odiosus, a, um, vezalious, hateful.

odium, i, N.,, hatred, offence, aver-
sion, disgust, insolence.

odor, Oris, M., odor, fragrance.

odoratio, onis, F.; -tus, üs, M.,
sense of smell, odor. E

odoratus, a, um, fragrant.

odorifer, era, um, fragrant, spicy.

odoro, I, /o emit perfume.

odoror, I, examine by scent, sn uff,
search, smell at.

odorus, a, um, fragrant.

odos—odor, sinell.

Odrysius, a, um, of the Odrysc, a
Thracian people.

Odyssea, ee, the story of Ulysses.

CEa3, e, F., a town of N. Africa,
in the territory of Tripoli.

CHagrus, i; myth. k. of Thrace,
father of Orpheus.

CHbalus, i , myth. k. of Sparta,
founder of Tarentum.

1 c?conomia, ee, F., economy.

October (8th

octipes — ogganio.

T cecus, i, m, Aall, saloon.
CHdipus, podis, myth. king of
'Thebes, son and slayer of Laius.
CHneus, ei (eos), k..of /Etolia,
father of Meleager and Tydeus.
CEnotria, e, F., an ancient name
of S. E. Italy.
Toestrus, i, «., gadfly, frenzy.
CEta, ee (-e, es), a mt. of Thessaly.
offa (ofella), ee, F., bit, morsel.
offatim, in bits.
offectus, | officio,] hindered.
offendo, di, sum, 3, strike, offend,
hit, fail, stumble, blunder.
offensa, ee, F., collision, affront.
offensatio, Onis, F., hilling, stum-
bling, blunder.
offensio, onis, F., stumbling, vexa-
tion, offence, aversion, anishap.
offensiuncula, ee, F., slight offence.
offenso, r, dash against, stumble.
offensus, |-fendo] offensive.
offero, obtuli, oblat-, offer, show,
adduce, occasion, inflict.
offerümenta, orum, w., gift.
officialis, e, of duties Or service.
officina, ee, F., workshop, factory.
officinator, Oris, M., a master-work-
man, artist.
officio, feci, fect-, 3, hinder, ob-
struct, injure, hurt.
officiose, courteously.
officiosus, a, um, obliging, dutiful.
officium, i, N., service, duty, favor.
offigo, xi, ct-, 5, fiv, fasten.
offirmàatus, a, um, resolute, stub-
born, obstinate.
offirmo, 1, make fast, persevere.
offla—oftula, li/tle bit.
offoco, 1r, choke with water.
offrenatus, a, um, curbed.
offringo, egi, act-, 3, (o cross-plough.
offücia, ee, F., cosmetic, trick.
offula, ee, F., bit fragment.
offulcio, (si) tum, 3, s/op up.
offulgeo, si, 2, shine upon.
offundo, üdi, üs-, 3, powr upon Or
forth ; P., spread, extend.
offusco, r, obscure, vilify.
offüsus, [ offundo,] poured.
ogganio, 4, snarl, yelp, growl.

Oggero — operose.

Oggero, 3, bring, carry.

Ogysges, is, (-us,.i) myth. founder
of Thebes.

Ogyagius, a, um, 7'^eban (Bacchus).

Oileus, i; myth. king of Locris,
father of Ajax (Oileus).

olax, acis, fragrant.

Olbia, ee, F., a city of Sardinia.

Olea, ee, F., olive.

oleaceus (-agineus, -arius), a, um;
-aris, e, of. oil, or the olive.

oleaster, tri, M., wild olive.

oleitas, atis, F., olive-harvest.

olens, tis, fragrant, odorous.

oleo, ui, 2, (0 emit odor.

oleatus, a, um, cured in oil.

olerator, Oris, M., kitchen-gardener.

olenticetum, i, N., noisome pool.

oleo, olui, 3, /o emit odor, betray
one's self by the smell.

oleosus, a, um, oily, full of oil.

oletum, i, N., o/ive-orchard ; dung.

oleum, i, N., olive-oil; the wrestling-
ground.

olfacio, feci, fact-, 5, smell, scent.

olfacto, r, smell at, detect.

olfactus, üs, M ., the sense of smell.

olidus, a. um, strong- -scented.

olim, once, ever, some day.

olitor, Oris, N., market gardener.

oliva, ee, F., olive, olive-branch.

olivetum, i, N., olive-orchard.

olivifer, era, um, olive-bearing.

olivitas, atis; -6ta, ee; F., olive-
harvest.

olivum, i, N., oil, ointment.

olla, ee, F., pot, jar.

ollaris, e; (-arius), of pots, potted.

olle, ollus, for ille, //Aa/.

olor, Oris, M., san ; odor.

olorifer, era, um, swan-bearing.

olorinus, a, um, of swans.

olus, eris, N., pot-herbs, vegetables.

Olympia, ee, a city of Elis (S.W.
Greece) where games were
held in honor of Jupiter.

olympias, adis, F., period of 4
years ; pl, the Muses.

Olympias, adis, m. of Alexander.

Olympius, a, um, of. Olympia; N.
pl, Olympic games.

199

Olympus,i, M., a mt. in Thessaly,
seat of the gods ; heaven.

Olynthius, a, um, of Olynthus, a
border-town of Macedonia.

omasum, i, N., (ripe, paunch.

Omen, inis, N., omen, portent, rit-
ual, or solemn usage.

omentum, i, N., fat, membrane.

ominor, I, prognosticate, predict.

ominosus, a, um, forboding.

omissus, a, um, negligent.

omitto, misi, miss-, 3, neglect, let go.

omnifariam, on all sides.

omnigenus, a, um, of all sorts.

omnimodo, 5j all means.

omnino, altogether, at all, by all
means, in general, universally.

omniparens, tis, a/|-producing.

omnipotens, tis, a//-powerful.

omnis, e, a/l, every,any (w. negat).

omnituens, tis, a//-seeíng.

Omphale, es, myth. q. of Lydia.

onager (-grus), gri, M., wild ass.

onco, I, /o bray.

onerarius, a, um, of burden, freight.

onero, I, /o load, stow, burden.

onerosus, a, um, burdensome.

onus, eris, N., a load, burden, eargo.

onustus, a, um, /oaded, freighted.

t onyx, ychis, M., onyz (yellowish
marble or gem).

opücitas, atis, F., shade.

opaco, ir, overshadow.

opácus, a, um, sAhady, obscure.

opella, ee, F., light task or service.

opera, ee, F., pains, íask, service,
care ; (abl.), by means ; day's work ;
pl, day-laborers.

operans, tis, effectual.

operarius, a, um, of work; M., à
laborer.

operatio, Onis, F., work, perform-
ance, solemnity.

operculo, t1, /o cover.

operculum (-imentum), i, N., lid,
cover, panel-work.

operio, ui, opert-, 4, cover, shut,
hide, conceal, dissemble.

Operior—opperior, «wait.

operor, I, work, toil, perform.

operose, with pains.

1390

operositas, atis, F., nice work.
operosus, a, um, /loilsome, busy.
opertaneus, a, um, secret, hidden.
operte, covertly.
operto, I, /o cover, hide.
opertus, a, um, /iidden, secret; N.,
secret shrine ; pl. oracles.
opes, [ops,] F., resources, wealth.
Ophiusius, a, um, of Cyprus.
opicus, a, um, clownish (Oscan).
opifer, era, um, /ielp-bringing.
opifex, icis, M., craftsman.
opificium, i, N., work.
opilio, onis, M., shepherd.
opime, sumptuously.
opimitas, atis, F., abundance.
opimo, I, /o fatten, enrich.
opimus, a, um, fat, rich, sumptuous,
noble; spolia opima, spoils
taken by a general from the
general of the defeated enemy.
opinàbilis, e, conjectural.
opináatio, Onis, F., conjecture.
opinatus, a, um, imagined, famous.
opinio, Onis, F., opinion, fancy,
rumor, report, reputation.
opinor (-o), r, to suppose, think.
opipare, sumptuously.
opiparus, a, um ; -is, e, sumptuous.
opitulor. t, bring aid, help.
topion (-um), i, N., opium, poppy-
juice.
oportet, uit, 2, it must be (S 39, 1).
oppango, peegi, pact-, 35, fasten.
oppecto, 3, comb away, pluck.
oppedo, 3, to insult.
opperior, 4, wait for.
oppessulatus, a, um, bolted fast.
oppeto, ivi, it-, 3, go to meet (death).
oppico, r, seal with pitch.
oppidanus, a, um, of a town, pro-
vincial ; M., townsman.
oppidatim, in every town.
oppido, exceedingly, utterly, surely.
oppidulum, dim. of
oppidum, i, N., (own (fortified).
oppignero, 1, /o pawn, pledge.
Oppllo, r, s/op, shut up.
oppleo, evi, et-, 2, to fill up.

Oppono, posui, posit-, 3, !io set

against, hold forth, allege, oppose.

operositas — opusculum.

opportune, seasonably.
opportunitas, atis, F., fifness, op-
portunity, advantage.
opportünus, a, um, /f//, seasonable.
exposed, liable.
oppositio, onis, F., opposition.
oppositus, |pono,] se! against.
oppositus, us, M., setting-against.
oppressio, onis, F., force, pressure,
oppression.
Opressus, a, um, crushed.
opprimo, pressi, press-, [premo,]
3, crush, overcome, seize, suppress.
opprobrium (-bramentum), i, N.,
reproach, disgráee, taunt.
opprobo, r1, /o repreach, upbraid.
oppugnatio, Onis, F., attack.
oppugnator, Oris, M., assailant.
oppugno, 1, /o «attack, storm, as-
sault, resist, beat with fists.
opputo, r, /o prune.
oprimentum-—- operimentum, /id.
Ops, Ópis, F., help, might; pl, re-
sources, wealth.
Ops, Opis. wife of Saturn, goddess
of Husbandry and Plenty.
opsonium-——-obsonium, viands.
optabilis, e, desirable.
optatio, onis, F., choice, wish.
optato, according to desire.
optatus, a, um, «wished-for, desir-
able, pleasant, dear. |
optimates, um, C., «aristocracy.
optime, excellently.
optimus, a, um, [bonus,] best.
optio, Onis, F., « choice.
optio, Onis, M., helper, aid.
optivus, a, um, chosen.
Opto, I, /o desire, wish, choose.
optumus--optimus, best.
opulens, tis; -lentus, a, um, rich.
opulente (-ter), sumptuously.
opulentia, ee, F., wealth, resources.
opulento, 1, /o enrich.
opulus, i, F., « :aple as support
for vines.
Opuntii, people of Opus, a town
of Locris.
opus, eris, N., work, task, business.
opus, need, needful, serviceable.
opusculum, i, N., lit/le work.

ora — oscen.

Ora, ee, F., shore, margin, region.
oraculum, i, N., oracle, prophecy.

' Oorárium, i, N., napkin, handkerchief.
Orütim, coastwise.

Oratio, Onis, F., speech, language,

harangue, plea, eloquence.

Oratiuncula, ee, F., letter, speech.
Orator, Oris, M. ; -trix, tricis, F.,

orator, pleader, envoy.

oratorie, eloquently.

Oratorius, a, um, oratorical.
Oratus, us, M., beseeching.
orbator, Oris, N., bereaver.
orbiculatus, a, um, rounded.
orbiculus, i, M., s/ice, pulley-wheel.
orbilis, e, of a wheel ; N., rim.
Orbis, is, M., circle, ring.
orbita, ee, F., (rack, course.
orbitas, atis, F., bereavement.
orbitosus, a, um, full of ruts.
orbo, t, bereave, deprive.
orbus, a, um, berefi, orphaned.
orca, ee, F., narwhal (whale):
Orcades, um, (he Orkney Islands.
Torchas, adis, N., a kind of olive.
orchestra, ee, F., the Senate's seat

in the theatre ; orchestra.

Orchomenus, i, myth. son of

Athamas ; a town of Boeotia.
orcinus, a, um, of the dead.
orcula, ee, F., &eg.

Orcus, i, &., the world below ; a

name of Pluto ; death.
ordeum-—-hordeum, barley.
ordinarius, a, um, customary, reg-

ular, in even rows ; M., overseer.
ordinate, -tim, in good order.
ordinatio, Onis, F., arrangement,

regulation, government.
ordinatus, a, um, well-ordered.
ordino, 1, se in order, govern.
ordior, oraus, 4, begin, undertake.
ordo, inis, M., order, rank, band.

Toreas, adis, F., mountain nymph.
Orestes, is (ee), son. of Agamem-

non, slayer of his mother.
torexis, is, F., longing.

T organicus, a, um, of instruments.
tTorganum, i, N., instrument, organ.
torgia, orum, N., night-revels (of

Bacchus).

181

oria—horia, fishing-boat.
torichalcum,i, N., copper ore, brass.
orcilla (-cula)—auricula, ear-(ap.
oriens, tis, rising, (he east.
orientalis, e, eastern.
6. .;a auriga, waggoner, driver.
originalis, e; -arius, a, um, original.
origo, inis, F., birlh, source, origin.
oriola—horiola, s&iff.
Orion, onis (ónis), a famous hun-
ter, changed to a constellation.
orior, ortus, oriturus, 4, /0 arise.
appear, originate, be born.
Orithyia, ee, myth. d. of Erectheus.
oriundus, a, um, sprung, descended.
ornàmentum, i, N.; equipment,
decoration, embellishment.
ornate, elegantly.
ornátor, Oris, M. ; -trix, tricis, F.,
decorator, body-servant.
ornátulus, a, um, fine, smart.
ornatus, a, um, equipped, adorned.
ornátus, üs, M., decoration, equip-
ment, embelishiment, apparel. — -
orneus, a, um, of the wild ash.
t ornithias, ee, F., spring wind.
t ornithon, onis, M., bird-house.
orno, 1, fi( out, equip, embellish, honor.
ornus, i, F., mountain-ash.
Oro, I, speak, plead, pray.
1 orobos, i, M., wild pea.
Orontes, is (ze), a river of Syria.
Orpheus, ei, ea, son of Onagrus
and Calliope, a bard of Thrace.
Orpheus (-icus, -aicus), a, um,
Orphean or Orphic.
orsus, [ordior,] begun; N. pl, a
beginning, undertaking.
orsus, üs, M., beginning, attempt.
torthius, a, um, high-pitched.
ortivus, a, um, rising, eastern.
ortus, [orior,] descended, born.
ortus, üs, M., rising, origin, birth.
Ortygia, ee, F., a name of Delos ;
also the island-dist. of Syracuse.
toryx, yeis, w., wild goat, gazelle.
toryza, ee, F., rice.
Os, Oris, N., mouth, face, entrance.
OS, ossis, N., bone, heart-wood.
oscedo, inis, F., yawning.
oscen, inis, M., divining-bird.

132

Osci (Opici), orum, the primi-
tive people of Campania.
oscillatio, onis, F., swinging.
oscillo, 1, /o swing.
oscillum, i, N., (0s), a litile mask.
oscitans, tis, s/uggish.
oscitanter, carelessly.
oscitatio, onis, F., gaping, yawning.
oscito, I, /o gape, yawn, open.
osculàátio, onis, F., kissing.
osculor (-o), 1, Liss, prize, cherish.
osculum, i, M., mouth, lip, kiss.
Osiris, is (idis), an Egyptian
deity, husband of Isis.
Osor, Oris, M., a hater.
Ossa, ee, F., a mt. in Thessaly.
osseus, a, um, of bone, bony.
ossiculum, i, N., litile bone.
ossifragus, i, M., osprey, sea-eagle.
ossuarius, a, um,. for receiving
bones ;. N., vault, sepulchre.
ostendo, di, sum (tum), 3, !/o
show, expose, disclose, declare.
ostensio, onis, F., exhibiting.
ostentarius, a, um, of prognostics.
ostentatio, onis, F., display, parade
ostentator, Oris, M., vain boaster.
ostento, I, exhibit, display, threaten,
reveal, indicate. — .
ostentum, i, N., prodigy, portent.
ostentus, [ostendo,] exposed.
ostentus, us, M., ex/liibiling.
Ostia, e, F., a port at the mouth
of Tiber, founded by Ancus.
ostiarius, a, um, of the door; M;,
porter ;. N., door-tax.
ostiatim, from door to door.
ostium, i, N., door, mouth, entrance.
T ostrea, ee, F., oyster.
ostrearius, a, um, of oysters.
ostreatus, a, um, rough, scabby.
ostrifer, era, um, producing oysters.
ostrinus a, um, purple.
Tostrum, i, N., sea-purple.
Osus, a, um (odi), Aating, hated.
Otho, onis, 8th emperor, A.D. 69.
Othrys, yos, M., a mt. in Thessaly.
Otior, I, /o be at leisure.
otiose, /eisurely, quietly, calnly.
otiosus, a, um, at leisure, tranquil,
idle, neutral, unprofitable.

Osci — paciscor.

otium (-olum), i, N., ease, idleness,
quiet, peace ; abl., at ease, leisurely.

ovanter, exultingly.

ovátio, Onis, F., an ovaltion (lesser
triumph, with myrtle wreath).

Ovatus, a, um, egg-shaped.

oviarius (-illus, -inus, -illinus), a,
um, of sheep.

ovicula, ee, F., a little sheep.

ovilis, e, of sheep ; N., sheepfold.

Oviparus, a, um, /aying eggs.

ovis, is, F,. sheep, simpleton.

ovo, I, £o ezult, triumph, celebrate.

ovum, i, N., egg; ab ovo usque
ad mala, from egg to fruit, i.e.
from first to last (of the feast).

Toxalis, idis, F., sorrel.

Oxus,i, M. a river flowing into
the Caspian.

Tfoxymeli, itis, N., vinegar mired
with honey, oxymel.

T oxys, yos, F., wild sorrel.

toxyzomus,a,um, with sour sauce.

1ozymumc--ocinum, clover.

P,

P, the praenomen Publius.

pabo, onis, M., wheelbarrow.

pabularis, e; -ius, a, um, of fodder.

pabulatio, onis, F., pasture, forage.

pabulator, oris, M., forager, herds-
man. ,

pabulor, 1, /o graze, forage, seek or
give nourishment.

pabulum, i, M., food, fodder.

pacalis, e, of. peace, peaceful.

pácate, peaceably.

pacator, oris, M., peacemaker.

pacatus, a, um, a/ peace, friendly,
reduced to submission.

Pachynum, i, N. ; -us, i, D., S. E.
promont. of Sicily.

pàcifer, era, um, peace-bringing.

pácificatio, onis, F., peace-making. :

pácificator, Oris, M., peace-maker.

pácifico, 1, pacify, appease.

pacificus, a, um, peace-making.

paciscor, pactus, 3, agree, con-
tract, bargain, barter.

pàco, 1, /o pacify, subdue.

pacta, ee, betrothed bride.

pactilis, e, plaitéd; wreatheq.

pactio, onis, F., bargain, compact.

Pactolus, i, M., a river of Lydia,
having golden sands.

pactor, oris, M., contractor.

pactus, [paciscor,] agreed; w.,
betrothed ; N., agreement, compact.

pactus, [pango, ] fized, composed.

Páacuvius, i, an old Roman poet,
A.D., 221—132.

Padaànus, a, um, of the river Po
(Padus), in N. Italy.

Padüsa, ee, F., a channel of the Po.

Peean, anis, M. a name of Apollo ;
a religious or festive hymn.

- 1 peedagogium, i, M., (/e boy's Aall.
T peedagogus, i, M., preceptor, boy's
attendant, leader, guide, pedant.

peedidus, a, um, filt/.y.
peedor, oris, M., filih, stench.
peegniarius, a, um, in play.
peeminosus, a, um, chinky, uneven.
peene (pene), a/most.
peeninsula, ee, F., peninsula.
peenula, ee, F., cloak, mantle.
peenulatus, a, um, cloaked.
peenuria—pen ria, poverty.
peeonius, a, um, medicinal, healing.
Paestum, i, N., a town of Lucania,
40 miles S. E. of Naples.
peetus (-ulus), a, um, blinking, leer-
ing, cross-eyed.
paganus (-icus), a, um, rustic, civic.
Pagaseeus, a, um, of Pagasa, in
Thessaly ; puppis, /Ae Argo.
pàagatim, 5y districts.
pagina (-ella) ee, r., page, leaf,
slab, book, garden-bed.
pàaginatus, a, um, planked.
pàágus, i, M., country-district, canton.
pàla, ee, F., spade, shovel.
Palemon, Onis, a sea-god, son
of Ino (Melicerta).
Paleestina, ee, F., Palestine.
Paleestinus, a, um, of Palestine;
also, of. Paleste, a port of Epi-
rus, entrance to the world
below ; deee, the F'uries.
t paleestra, ee, F., wrestling-place.

paco — palmeus.

193

fpalestricus, a, um, of the pal-
cestra ; M., wrestling-master.

palam, openly, publicly.

Palamedes, is, myth. k. of Euboea,
who perished at Troy.

palans, tis, wandering.

palaris, e, of. pales or stakes.

palatinus, a, um, of (he Palatium,
a hill of Rome ; imperial.

palatium, i, N., palace.

palatus, M. ; (-um, N.), palate, vault.

1 pale, es, r., wrestling.

palea, ee, F., chaff; cocks wattles.

palear, aris, N., dewlap, throat.

Pales, is, F., the deity of Cattle.

Palici, orum, sons of Jupiter and
Thalia (Z7Etna), honored in Sicily.

palilis, e, of Pales; N. pl. festival
of Pales, the shepherd's feast.

T palimpsestus, i, w., palimpsest (a
parchment twice written).

Palinürus, i, the pilot of 7Eneas.

palitans, tis, wandering.

paliurus, i, M., Christ-thorn.

palla, ee, F., woman's mantle, robe.

Palladius, a, um, of Pallas (Min-
erva) ; N., her image at Troy.

Pallanteus, a, um, of Pallas, son
of Evander..

pallens, tis, wan, pale, evil.

palleo, ui, 2 ; -esco, 3, to be pale,
sicken (with. fear or desire).

palliatus, a, um, cloaked, clad.

pallidus (-ulus), a, um, pale, pallid.

palliolatim, n « manlile.

pallium (-olum,, i, N., cover, cloak,
mantle (a Grecian garment).

pallor, Oris, M., paleness, unsightli-
ness, terror.

pallula, ee, F., little cloak.

palma, ee, F., palm, hand, oar-blade,
palm-wreath, date.

palmaàris, e, hand's-breadth, merit-

. ing the palm.

palmarius, a, um, of the palm ; N.,

prize, fee.
palmátus, a, um, marked with the
figure of the palm.
palmes, itis, M., vine-branch.
palmetum, i, M., palm-grove.
palmeus, a, um, /;and's breadth.

134

palmifer (ger), era, um, paílm-bear-
ing, abounding in palms.
palmipes, pedis, //at-footed.
palmo, 1, io mark with the palm.
palmosus, a, um, abounding in
palns.
palmula, ee, palm, date, oar-blade.
palmus, i, M., palm, span.
Palmyra, ee, a city of E. Syria.
pàlo, rt, /o support with stakes.
patior, 1, to wander, stray.
paipatio, onis, F., flattery, coaxing.
paipaátor, oris, M., /latterer.
paipebra, ee, F., eyelid, eyelash.
. paipebro, r1, o wink, blink.
paipitatio, onis, F., /robbing.
palpito, 1, (o throb, pant, tremble.
palpo (or), 1, to stroke, caress, coax.
palpus, i N.; (um, N.), stroking,
caressing, flattering.
palüdamentum, i N., a mülitary
cloak, a. generals cloak.
palüdatus, a, um, c/oaked.
palüdester, tris, marsAy.
paludosus, a, um, marshy, boggy.
palumbes, is, C. ; -us (-ulus), i, M. ;
-a, &e, F., wooil-pigeon.
palumbinus, a, um, of pigeons.
palus, i, M. ; -um, N., s/ake, prop.
palus, udis, F., marsh, swamp.
paluster, tris, e, marshy.
1 pammachum, i, M., boxing-match.
Pamphylia, e, F., à southern
coast-dist. of Asia Minor. i
pampineus (-aàceus, -arius, -atus),
a, um, full of leaves or tendrils.
pampino, I, to trim, clip (vines).
pamopinosus, a, um, /eafy, branchy.
pampinus, i, M., tendril, vine-leaf.
[Tt pan-, al/-.
Pan, Pànos, god of Shepherds.
1panacea, ee F.; -ces, is, N.;
panax, ácis, M., cure-all.
panarium (-olum), i, N., bread-
basket.
Panathenaicus, a, um, of the
Athenian festival of Pallas.
Tfpancarpus (-ius), a, um, of all
^— fruits.
Panchaia, ee, F., a dist. of Arabia.
1 pancratium, i, N., boz & wrestle.

palmifer — papilio.

1 pandectes, ee, M., repertory.:
pandiculor, 1, to stretch one's self.
Pandion, ónis, myth. k. of Athens,
f. of Progne and Philomena.
pando, 1, (o bend, curve.
pando, di, sum (passum), 3, to
spread, open, expand, relate. 2
Pandora, e, the first woman,
made by Vulcan.
panduüra, ee, F., rebec or banjo.
pandus, a, um, bent, crooked.
T panegyricus, a, um, laudatory.
Pangeeus, ij M.; a, orum, N., à
mountain of Thrace.
pango, nxi (pegi, pepigi), nct-
(pact-), 35, fasten, fix, contract.
paniceus, a, um, of bread ; N., loaf.
panicula, ee, F., (ufi, swelling.
panicum, i, M., panic, mullet.
Panionius, a, um, of all Ionia.
panis, is, M., bread, loaf, lump.
pannarius, a, um, of cloth.
panniculus, i, M., rag.
Pannonia, e, F., North Turkey.
pannosus (-üceus), a, um, ragged,
shrivelled.
pannus (-ulus) i, M., cloth, rag, bag.
fpannychius, a, um, /asting all
night.
Panormus, i, F.,
northern Sicily).
pansa, ee, splay-foot.
pansus, [pando,] outspread.
Pantheon, i, N:, temple of all the
gods, built by Agrippa, B.C. 27.
t panthera, ee, F., panther.
pantherinus, a, um, spotted, crafty.
pantices, F., bowels, sausages.
Panthuüs (ous), i, voc., ü, nephew
of Hecuba, priest of Apollo.
pantomimus, i, M. ; -a, ee, F., bal-
let-dancer, pantomime.
panucla— panicula, (uft.
panus, i, M., bobbin, tumor.
tpapee! strange! indeed!
papaver, eris, N., poppy.
Paphlago, onis, a native of Paph-
lagonia, in N. Asia Minor.
Paphos (-us) i F. a city of
Venus, in Cyprus.
pápilio, onis, M., butterfly, pavilion.

Palermo (in

. papilla — Parthus.

papilla, ee, F., breast, teat, pimple.

Papirius Cursor, dictator, B.C. 333.

pappas, ee, M., governor, tutor.

pappo, t1, eat (pap).

Tpappus,i, M., oid man, grandfather.

papula, ee, F., punple.

papyrius (-àceus), a, um, of papy-
rus.

T papyrus, i, M. , paper-r eed, paper.

pàr, páris, equal, Just, fit, comrade,
match, mate; N., a pair.

parabilis, e, easy 10 get.

T parabola, ee, F., comparison.

T paradisus, i, M., park, paradise.

Tparadoxus, a, um, sírange, con-
tradictory.

tparasitus, i, M., guest, parasite.

T parastas, adis ; y stata, &, F.
pilaster.

parate, with preparation, vigilantly,
promptly.

parátio, onis, F., getting, procuring.

paratus, | paro,] ready, equipped.

paratus, üs, M.; -türa, ee, F.,
prepa ation, equipment.

Parcee, arum, F., the F'ates, Clotho,
Lachésis, and ' Atropos.

parce, sparingly.

parci-(parsi-)monia, ee, F.,

parcipromus, i, M., niggard.

parcitas, atis, F., sparingness.

parciter, sparingly.

parco, pepe:ci (parsi), parcit-, 5,
to spare, refrain, forbear.

parcus, a, um, /frugal, sparing,
chary, scanty, petty, parsimonious.

Tpardális, is, F. ;-dus,i, M , panther.

1 parégoria, ee, F., relief, ease.

1 parelion, i, N., mock-sun.

pàárens, [pareo,] tis, obedient ; pl.,
subjects.

parens, tis, C. [pario,] parent,
ancestor, kindred, author, inventor.

parentalis, e, of parents; N. pl,
festival in their honor.

parento, 1, /o sacrifice for the dead,
avenge (by blood), atone. — .

páreo, ui, pàrit-., 2, appear, obey,
submit ; paret, i! is clear.

| párientia, ee, F., obedience.

» paries, etis, M., house-wall.

thrift.

135

parietalis, e; -tarius, a, um, of
walls ; F., pellitory (an herb).

parietinee, arum, F., ruins.

parilis, e, equal, like.

pario, 1, equalize, balance accounts.

pario, peperi, parit- (part-), 3, /o
produce, effect, bring forth.

Paris, idis, a son of Priam, the
abductor of Helen.

Parisii, orum, a people on the
Seine (northern: Gaul).

pariter, equally, alike, together.

parito, I, /o get ready.

Parius, a, um, of Paros, an I. in
the /Egean, famous for marble.

parma, ee, F., round shield, target.

Parma, ee, F., a city of N. Italy.

parmatus, a, um, armed with targets.

parmula, ee, F., little shield.

Parnasus (-ssus), i M. a mt.in
Phocis, above Delphi, sacred
to Apollo and the Muses.

paro, I, prepare, get ready, pro-
cure; make equal, determine.

t paro, onis, M., a light ship, cutter.

T parocha, ee, F., supply.

T parochus, i, M., purveyor, host.

t parcecia, ee, F, district, parish.

t paropsis, idis, F., dessert-dish.

parra, ee, F., owl or woodpecker (? ).

Parrhasius, a, um (of Parrhasia ),
Arcadian; dea, Carmenta, the
mother of Evander.

parricida, ee, C., parricide, traitor,
murderer, assassin.

parricidium, i, N., murder, treason.

pars, partis, F., part, share, portion,
party, office, duty, region.

parsimonia, ee, F., t/rift.

Parthaon, ónis, myth. k. of Cal-
ydon, father of CEneus.

"Parthenius, a, um, of Parthenius,

a mountain of Arcadia.
Parthenon, onis, M., the temple
of Pallas, in Athens.
Parthenope, es, a Syren ; Naples.
Parthi, orum, people of Parthia,
the dist. near the Caspian Sea.
Parthinus, a, um, of Parthus, a
city in Illyria.
Parthus (-icus), a, um, ,Parthian.

196

partiarius, a, um, partaking in
shares or partnership.

particeps, cipis, partaking; M.,
sharer, partner.

participatus, us, M. ; -tio, onis, F.,
-cipium, i, N., sharing, partaking.

participo, 1, í(o share, partake, àm-
part, participate.

particula, ee, F., bit, particle.

particularis, e, partial.

particulatim, piecemeal.

partilis, e, divisible.

partim, partly, principally.

partio, onis, rF., bringing forth.

partio (-ior), 4, divide, distribute.

partite, methodically.

partitio, onis, F., distribution.

partito, distributively.

partitor, Oris, M., divider.

partitudo, inis, F., bringing forth.

partitus, a, um, divided.

parturio, 4, to be in labor, yield.

parturitio, onis, F., bringing-forth.

partus, [pario,] /at has borne.

partus, üs, M., birth, young.

parum, not enough, litile, too little.

parumper, for or in a little while.

parve, slightly.

parvi, of. small value.

parvitas, atis, F., smalíness.

parvulum, not much.

parvus (-ulus) a, um; (minor,
minimus), small, little, petty.

Parsargadee, arum, the old Per-
sian capital.

pascalis, e, grazing

pasceolus, i, M., wallet.

pascito, 1, /o pasture, feed.

pasco, pàvi, past-, 5, /o feed, feast,
cherish ; P., pasture, graze.

pascuus, a, um, of grazing, pasture.

Pasiphae, es, (all-shining,) myth. d.
of Helios, wife of Minos.

passarius, a, um, [pando,] sun-
dried.

passer, eris, M., sparrow ; marinus,
ostrich, turbot.

passerculus,i, M.; -a, ee, F., pet bird.

passibilis, e, capable of suffering.

passim, here and there, at random.

passio, onis, rF., suffering, affection.

|
|
|

partiarius — patratio.

passivus, a, um, [pando,] spread
about, promiscuous ; [patior, ] suj-
Jering, passive ; -ve, passively:
passus, |patior,] having suffered ;
[pando,] spread (to dry); N.,
raisin-wine.
pàássus, us, M., step, pace (five feet) ;
mille passuum, a ile.
pastillus, i| M. ; um, N., litile loaf.
pastinaca, ee, F., parsnep, carrot.
pastinatum, i, N., (renched ground.
pastino, r, /o dig and trench.
pastinum, i, N. a garden-fork,
trenched bed.
pastio, onis, rF., pasturing, feeding.
pastor, Oris, M., herdsman, shep-
herd, keeper of animals.
pastoralis, e; -ius- (-icius) a, um,
of shepherds, or herdsmen.
pastus, | pasco,] /ed, having eaten.
pastus, üs, M., food, pasture.
T patagium, i, w., edge, border.
Patara, ee, F., a port of Lycia.
Patavium, i, N., Padua, N. Italy.
pate-facio, 5, /«) open, expose.
patefactus, a, um, convicted.
patella, ae, F., dish, plate, platter.
patens, tis, open, wide.
patenter, manifestly.
pateo, ui, 2 ; -esco, 3, fo lie open,
extend, be manifest, or accessible.
pater, tris, M., father, ancestor.
patera, ee, F., bowl, saucer.
pater-familias, /cad of a house.
paternus, a, um, /aiherly, native.
t patetee, arum, a kind of date.
patibilis, e, endurable, sensitive.
patibulatus, a, um, pilloried.
patibulum, i, N., gibbet, pillory.
patiens, tis, patient, enduring.
patienter, patiently.
patientia, ee, F., patience, forbear-
ance, subjection, submissiveness.
patina, ee, F., dish, pan.
patinàárius, a, um, sf/ewed. :
patior, passus, 3, suffer, endure,
permit, receive (good or ill).
pator, Oris, M., opening.
Patrensis, e, of Patre, an ancient
town of Achaia.
patrátio, onis, F., accomplishing.

patrator — pecus.

patrátor, Oris, M., effecter.
patrátus,a, um, effective, appointed.
patria, ee, F., native land, home.
T patriarcha (es), ee, M., patriarch.
patrice, paternally, fatherly.
patriciátus, üs, N., patrician rank.
patricida— parricida, parricide.
patricius, a, um, of noble rank ;
M. pl., patricians.
patricus, a, um, fatherly.
patrimonium, i, N., inheritance.
patrimus, a, um, "with a Jather
living.
patrisso, r, be like the father.
patritus, a, nm, of one's fathers.
patrius, e, of a father or fathers,
or native land, hereditary.
patro, 1, /o appoint, effect, perform.
patrocinium, i, N., defence, patron-
age, pleading in court.
patrocinor, 1, defend, patronize.
Patroclus, i, friend of Achilles,
slain by Hector.
patrona, ee, F., mistress , protectress.
patronatus, üs, M., patronslip.
patronus, i, M., patron, protector,
advocate, defender.
patruelis, e, &|indred, cousin.
patruus, i, N., uncle (father's side);
an austere adviser.
patulus, a, um, open, spreading.
pauci, ee, a, few ; N., a few words.
paucies, rarely.
paucitas, atis, F., fcwness.
paucus (-ulus), a, um, /itile, few.
paulatim, /ittle by little.
paulisper, for a short time.
paulo (paullo), 5; a little.
paululus, a, um, very little.
paulus (paullus), a, um, lile.
pauper, eris, poor, scanty.
pauperculus, a, um, poor.
pauperies, 6i, F., poverty, injury.
paupero, 1, impoverish, rob.
paupertas, atis, F., poverty, need.
1 pausa, ae, F., pause, check.
Pausanias, a Spartan king vic-
tor at Platea, B.C. 479.
pausarius, i, M., rowing-master.
pausatus. a, um, q/ rest.
pausea, ee, F., a kind of olive.

197

pauso, I, cease, pause.
pauxillatim, 5j degrees.
pauxillus (-ulus)—paucus, small.
pavefacio, fact-, 5, terrify.
paveo, pavi, 2; -vesco, 3.
I, to fear, dread, be afraid.
pavibundus, a, um, anzious.
pavicula, ee, F., a rammer.
pavide, timorously.
pavidus, a, um, fearful, timid.
pavimento, I, /o pave.

-vito,

. pavimentum, i, N., pavement.

pavio, 4, to beat, ram, trample.
pavo, onis; -us, i, M., peacock.
pavonaceus (-ninus), a, um, of a
peacock.
pavor, Oris, M., fear, dread.
pax, pácis, F., peace, quiet, favor.
paxillus, i, M., a little peg.
peccans, tis, C., offender.
peccatum, i, N.; -tus, üs, M.
fault, offence.
pecco, 1, fo sin, offend, fail.
pecorósus, a, um, rich in cattle.
pecten, inis, M., conib, card, reed,
quill (of lyre), scallop.
pectinatim, comb-like.
pecto, pexi, pex- (pectit-), 5; -tino
I, to comb, card, heckle.
péctorális, e, of the breast,
pectorosus, a, um, broad-breasted. :
pectus, óris, N., breast, heart.
pecu, cua, cui, pl., cuda, N., cattle.
pecuarius, a, um, of cattle ; F.,
cattle-breeding ; N., pl. herds.
pecuinus, a, um, brutish.
peculaátor, oris, M., peculator.
peculatus, üs, M., embezzlement.
peculiaris, e, one's own, peculiar.
peculiariter, as private property.
peculiatus, a, um, provided.
peculio, I, give for one's own.
pecüliosus, a, um, «wealthy.
peculium, i, N., property, savings.
pecülor, rt, /o peculate, embezzle.
pecunia, ee, F., wealth, money.
pecuniarius, a, um, of money.
pecuniosus, a, um, rich.
pecus, óris, N., cattle, flock.
pecus, üdis, F., one of the herd or
lock, a. sheep.

188

pedalis, e; -arius, a, um, of a foot.

pedamen, inis (-mentum, 3; N.,
stake, prop.

pedaàneus, a, um, foot-long.

pedarius, a, um, of the foot ; M., pl.,
unregistered senators without vote.

pedatim, foot by foot.

pedatus, us, M., attack on foot.

pedés, itis, M., one on foot, foot-
soldier; pl, infantry, land-force.

pedester, tris, tre, on foot, on land,
level, plain.

pedetentim, sep by step.

pedica, ee, F., shackle, snare.

pedis, is; -iculus, i, M., /ouse.

pediculus, i, M., footstalk.

pedisequus, i M., -a, ee, F., fol-
lower, attendant, footman.

peditatus, üs, M., infantry.

pedo, 1, :o set on foot, prop.

pedulis, e, of the feet ; N., sole.

pedum, i, N., shepherd's erook.

Pegasus, i, the winged horse of
the Muses.

1 pegma, atis, N., fixture, book-case,
stage-machiner y.

pejero, 1, /o swear falsely.

p6jor, us, [ malus, | «ose.

pelagius (-icus), a, um, of the sea.

1 pelagus, i, N., sea, flood.

Pelasgi, orum, a primitive people
of southern Europe.

Pelasgus, a, um, Grecian.
Peleus, ei (eos), myth. k. of Thes-
saly, father of Achilles.
Pelias, ee, myth. k. of Thessaly,
- son of N eptune and Tyro, slain

by Medea.
Pélides, ee, [Peleus], Achilles.
Pelion, i, N., a mt. of Thessaly.
Pelius (-acus), a, um, gf Pelion.
[pell-,—perl-.
Pella, &, a town of Macedonia,

birthplace of Alexander.
pelláacia, ee, rF., blandishment.
pellax, acis, seductive.
pellego—perlego, read through.
pellectus, [pellicio, ] enticed.
Pellene, es, F., a coast-town of

Achaia, on the Gulf of Corinth.
pellex, icis, F., concubine.

pedalis — penitus.

pellicatus, üs, M., concubinage.

pellicio, lexi, lect-, 3, entice, win
away, decoy.

pellicius, a, um, of skins.

pellio, onis, M., furrier.

pellis, is; -icula, ee, F., skin, tent.

pellitus, a, um, cíad in skins.

pello, pepuli, puls-, 3, beat, drive,
strike, conquer, expel, touch, affect.

pellüceo, xi, 2, shine through.

pellücidus, a, um, /ransparent,
glittering.

pelluo—perluo, wash off.

Pelopeus (-eius), a, um, of Pelops.
Pelopidee, arum, descendants of
Pelops.
Peloponnesus, i, F., the peninsula
of southern Greece.
Pelops, ópis, son of Tantalus,
father of Atreus and Thyestes.
1 peloris, idis, F., giant-mussel.
Pelorus, i; &., promont. of N. E.
Sicily.
1 pelta, ee, F., light shield.
peltatus, a, um, armed with pelta.
Pelusium, i, N,, a town at the E.
mouth of the Nile.
pelvis, is, im, i, F., basin.
penarius, a, um, for provisions ;
F., closet, larder.
penates, ium, /;ousehold gods, home.
pendens, tis, hanging, pending.
pendeo, pependi, 2, Aang, be in
suspense, depend, float, overhang.
pendo, pependi, pens-, 3, weigh,
pay, ponder, esteem, atone.
pendulus, a, um, hanging, lofty.
pene—peene, a/most.
Penelope, es, wife of Ulysses.
penés, with, in the power of.
penetrabilis, e, penetrable, piercing.
penetralis, e, inward, penetrating ;
N. pL, inmost, sanctuary.
penetro, I, enter, pierce.
Peneus, a, um, a river of Thes-
saly flowing through Tempe.
penicillum (-culus) i, N., órush,
painter's pencil, lint.
peniculàmentum, i, N., írain.
penitus, a, um, inward ; remote.
penitus, inwardly, utterly.

| penna — peremptorius.

penna, ee, F., feather, wing, pinnacle.
pennatus (-ifer, -iger) a, um,
feathered, winged.
Penninus, a, um, of the W. Alps.
pennula, ae, F., little wing.
pennus, a, um, pointed, sharp.
pensatio, onis, F., weighing.
pensilis, e, hanging, pendent.
pensio, onis, F., payment, taz, rent.
penso (-sito, 1), weigh, pay, ponder.
pensum, i, N., (ask, duty, stress.
pensus, [pendo, | weighed, esteemed.
Pentelicus,i, M, a mt. near Athens,
celebrated for its marble.
1 penteris, is, F., five-banked galley.
Penthesilea, ee, queen of Amazons.
Pentheus, ei, myth. k. of Thebes,
gr-son of Cadmus, torn to
pieces by his mother and sisters
in a Bacchic frenzy.
penula—peenula, cioak.
pénüria, ae, F., want, need.
penus, üs (i) M., provision, stores.
t peplum, i, N., robe (of Pallas).
t pepo, onis, M., pumpkin.
per, trough, throughout, during, by.
[per-, thoroughly, very.
1 pera, ee, F., bag, wallet.
perácer, cris, e, very sharp.
peracesco, cui, 5, get very sour.
peracütus, a, um, very keen.
Pereea, ee, F., a dist. of Caria.
pereeque, equally, on an average.
pereequo, 1, make equal, fill.
peragito, t, drive, harass.
perago, egi, act-, 3, drive on, carry
through, finish, complete, relate.
peragro, 1, /raverse, wander.
perambulo, 1, ramble through.
perangustus, a, um, very narrow.
peraro, 1, plough through, furrow.
peratim, 5j bags.
perbene, very well.
perbibo, bibi, bibit-, 3, drink in.
perbito, ti, 3, go through, perish.
percallesco, lui, 3, growvery hard.
percelebro, r, (o. practise or utter
often.
percello, culi, culs-, 3, strike, cast
down, overthrow, destroy.
percenseo, ui, 2, reckon up, survey.

139

perceptio, onis, F., gathering in.
perceptus, [-cipio, | received.
percido, cidi, cis-, 3, beat, crush.
percio, 4; -cieo, 2, stir up, excite.
percipio, cepi, cept-, 3, /ake up,
get, perceive, understand.
percisus, [cido,] broken.
percitus, |cieo,| stirred, excited.
percolo, 1, strain, filter.
percolo, colui, cult-, 3, complete,
adorn, revere.
percontatio, onis, F., inquiry.
percontor I1, inquire, investigate.
percrebresco, crebui, 3, spread,
prevail, grow frequent.
perculsus, |-cello,] séruck down.
per-curro, 3, run through, traverse.
percursio, Onis, F., /iasty view.
percussio, onis, F., beating, striking.
percussor, oris, M., síriker, slayer.
percutio, cussi, cuss-, 3, to strike,
pierce, kill, deceive.
perdite, desperately, incorrigibly.
perditus, | perdo, | ruined, desperate.
perdiu, for a long tine.
perdius, a, um, a// day long.
perdix, icis, C., partridge.
perdo, didi, dit-, 3, destroy, lose,
ruin, squander.
perdoceo, ui, ct-, 2, teach thor-
oughly.
perdolesco, ui, 5, grieve greatly.
perdomo, ui, it-, I, conquer, crush.
perdüco, xi, ct-, 3, bring through,
cover, persuade, conduct, protract.
perdudum, very long ago.
perduellio, onis, F., (reason.
perduellis, is, M., public enemy.
perduim, pr. sub. of perdo, destroy.
peredo, edi, es-, 3, consume, de-
vour.
peregre (-gri), abroad, from abroad.
peregrinatio, onis, F., travel.
peregrinitas, atis, F., alienage.
pereagrinor, 1, travel, be abroad.
peregrinus, a, um, foreign, alien,
strange.
peremnis, e, of river-crossing.
peremo (perimo), 3, destroy.
peremptorius, a, um, decisive,
final, fatal.

140

peremptus, [perimo,] destroyed.

perendie, day afier to-morrow.

perendinus, a, um, after to-morrow.

perennis, e, [annus, | constant, tast-
lasting, perennial.

perennitas, atis, F., duration.

perenno, 1, preserve or last long.

perenticida, ee, M., cutpurse.

pereo, ii (ivi), it-, 4, pass, perish,
pine, be ruined, spent.

perequito, I, ride through.

pererro, t, wander through, survey.

peresus, [edo,] consumed.

perexiguus, a, um, very little.

perfabrico, 1I, use up, overreach.

perfacilis, e, very easy, or courteous.

perfecte, coinpletely..

perfectio, onis, F., finish.

perfectus, a, um, finished, complete.

perfero, tuli, lát-, carry through,
convey, complete, endure.

perficio, feci, fect-, 3, !o finish,
accomplish.

perfidia, ee, F., treachery.

perfidiosus, a, um, false, faithless.

perfidus, a, um, í(reacherous, o
gerous, perfidious.

perfidus, a, um, //;oroughl trusty.

perfigo, xi, xum, 3, pierce.

perflo, 1, blow through.

perfodio, fodi, foss-, 5, dig through,
pierce, stab."

perforo, t, pierce, perforate.

perfractus, |-fringo, | shattered.

perfrico, cui, cat- (ct-), 1, to rub.

perfringo, fregi, fract-, 3, shatter,
burst through, infringe.

perfuga, ee, M., deserter.

perfugio, fügi, fugit-, 5, (o desert,
flee to, take refuge.

perfugium, i, N., shelter, refuge.

perfunctio. Onis, F., performing.

perfunctorius, a, um, negligent.

perfundo, füdi, füs-, 3, pour over,
bathe, steep, bestrew, imbue.

perfungor, funct-, 5, perform, get
through with.

perfuro, ui, 5, /o rage on.

perfusus, [fundo,] drenched.

Pergamenus, a, um, of Pergamum,
a city of Mysia ; F., parchment.

peremptus — permultus

Pergamum, i; -a, orum, N., th.
citadel of Troy, T'roy.
pergo, perrexi, rect-, 5, proceed.
pergula, ee, F., stall, prójection.
perhibeo ui, it-, 5, hold forth, say
perhorresco, ui, 3, shudder at.
Pericies, is, the leading statesmai
of Athens, from B.C. - 469-429.
periclitor, 1, try, risk, be in peril.
periculose, sith peril.
periculosus, a, um, perilous.
periculum, i, N., danger, hazard.
peridoneus, a, um, well-fitted.
perimo, emi, empt-, 5, /o destroy
ruin, hinder.
perinde, just 80, so much.
T periodus, i, M., period, circuit.
1 peristroma, atis, N., carpet, cur
tain.
perite, skilfully.
peritia, ee, F., ezperience, skill.
peritus, a, um, ezperienced, skilled
perjurium, i, N., perjury.
perjüro (p&jero), t, swear falsely.
perjürus, a, um, perjured, false.
perlabor, ps-, 3, qjlide through.
perlatus, [fero.] »orne.
perlego, leegi, lect-, to read through
perlevis, e, very light, slight.
perlongus, a, um, very long, tedious
perluo, ui, utum, 35, wash off.
perlustro, 1, traverse, survey.
permagnus, a, um, very great.
permaneo, nsi, ns-, 2, endure, stay
permano, I, flow through, penetrate
permeo, I, pass through, traverse. .
permetior, mensus, 4, (o measure
traverse.
permetuens, tis, greatly fearing.
permisceo, scui, xt (st-), 2, mix
confuse, confound.
permissio, Onis, F., permission.
permitto, misi, miss-, 3, Aurl, [e
go, let loose, permit.
permixtus, a, um, mingled, con
fused, disturbed.
permodestus, a, um, very modest.
per-moveo, 2, lo stir greatly, excite,
permulceo, si, sum, 2, (o stroke.
soothe, soften, appease.
permultus, a, um, very many.

permunio — perstringo.

permünio, 4, fortify throughout.
permutatio, onis, F., exchange.
permüto, t, (o change, exchange.
perna, ee, F,, haunch, ham, butt.
pernego, I, deny steadily.
pernicies, ei, F., ruin, damage.
perniciosus, a, um, ruinous, de-
structive.
pernicitas, atis, F., agility, swift-
ness, fleetness.
erniciter, nimbly.
ernimius, a, um, quite too much.
ernix, 1cis, swift, active, fleet.
ernocto, 1, s(ay all night.
ernosco, novi, not-, 3, (o study
or examine thoroughly.
ernotesco, notui, 3, get known.
pernox, noctis, /asting all night.
pero, onis, M.. 5oot, buskin.
ero, onis, sister of Nestor.
erodi, osus, Aate utterly.
eroratio, onis, r., /he close (of
a speech), peroration.
peroro, 1, plead throughout, finish.
erosus, a, um, utterly hateful.
perpastus, a, um, well-fed.
perpello, puli, puls-, 3, /o drive,
urge, constrain, push violently. .
perpendiculum, i, M., a. plummel,
plumb, perpendicular.
perpendo, di, sum, 3, weigh, con-
sider, poise, deliberate.
perperam, wrongly, falsely.
perpés, etis, perpetual, entire.
perpessio, Onis, F., enduring.
perpetior, pessus, 3, (o endure.
perpetro, 1, effect, accomplish.
perpetuitas, atis, F., continuily.
perpetuo, 1, /o make perpetual.
perpetuo (-um), constantly.
perpetuus, a, um, unbroken, con-
stant, general, whole, perpetual.
perplexe, confusedly, obscurely.
perplexus, a, um, iníricate, con-
fused, obscure, perplexed.
perpluo, 3, to rain through.
perpusillus, a, um, very little.
perquiro, sivi, sit-, 3, (o seek dili-
gently, examine.
perquisiter, accurately.
perrarus, a, um, very rare.

141

perrepto, r, crawl through.

perrumpo, rüpi, rupt-, 3, break
or force through, overcome.

Persa, e, mother of Circe and
Pasiphaé.

Persee, arum, Persians.

perseepe, very often.

perscribo, psi, ptum, 35, write in
full, note down, describe.

perscrütor, I, search through.

perseco, cui, ct, I, cuf out, dissect.

TPersephone, es—Proserpina.

persequor, cütus, 5, chase, pursue,
effect, take vengeance on.

Perses, e, k. of Macedonia, de-
feated, B.C. 146.

Perseus, ei (eos), son of Jupiter
and Danaé, who slew the Gor-
gon, and rescued Andromeda.

perseverantia, ee, F., constancy.

persevere, very strictly.
persevero, I, persist, persevere.

Persia, ee; Persis, idis, the coun-
try eastward of Syria, Persia.

persicus, a, um, ( Persian), luxu-
rious.

persido, sedi, sess-, 3, setíle.

persolla, dim. of persona, mask.

persolvo, solvi, solüt-, 5, o release
or pay in full.
persona, ee, F., mask, character (in
a play), person.
personatus, a, um, masked, as-
sumed, fictitious.
persono, ui, it-, 1, o resound, make
sound, cry aloud. i
perspecte, intelligently.
perspecto, 1, /o look at or through.
perspectus, a, um, evident.
perspergo, si, sum, 3, sprinkle, wet:
perspicax,acis, sharp-sighted, keen.
perspicio, exi, ect-, 3, /ook or see
through, examine, ascertain.
perspicue, clearly.
perspicuus, a, um, /ransparent,
clear, manifest. :
perspiro, r, breathe everywhere.
persto, stiti, stat-, I, stand fast.
perstrepo, ui, it-, 5, resound.
perstringo, nxi, ct-, 5, bind, graze
against, blunt, reprove, touch on.

142

persuadeo, si, sum, 2, persuade,
convince, prevail on.
persuasio, Onis, F.; -sus, üs, M.,
persuasion, conviction.
persulto, 1, /eap or skip about.
perteedet, i/ utterly wearies.
pertego, xi, ct, 3, cover thoroughly.
pertendo, di, sum, 5, carry on, go
forward.
pertento, 1, fry, test, seize.
pertenuis, e, very thin or weak.
pertergeo, si, sum, 2, wipe, rub.
perterreo, ui, it-, 1, terrify.
pertexo, xui, xt, 5, finish.
pertica, ee, F., pole, staff.
pertimesco, mui, 5, dread greatly.
pertinacia, ee, F., obstinacy, firm-
ness, pertinacity.
pertinaciter, stubbornly.
pertinax, acis, firm, unyielding.
pertineo, ui, 2, reach, belong, apply.
pertingo, 3, extend.
pertractate, elaborately.
pertracto, r1, touch, handle.
pertraho, xi, ct-, 3, drag, draw.
pertundo, tudi, tus, 3, beat, thrust
through, perforate.
perturbàtio, onis, F., disturbance.
perturbo, r, disturb, confuse.
pertüsus, [tundo,] pierced.
perungo, unxi, unct-, 3, besmear.
perüro, ussi, ust-, burn, consume,
inflame, parch with cold.
pervado, si, sum, 3, pass through,
peruade, arrive. |
pervagatus, a, um, wide-spread.
pervagor, r, roam through, pervade.
perveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry through.
pervello, i, 3, tiwitch, rouse, revile.
pervenio, veni, vent-, 4, arrive.
perverse, wrongly.
perversus, a, um, awry, wrong.
perverto, ti, sum, 3, (urn awry,
overthrow, ruin, corrupt.
pervestigo, 1, track, examine.
perviam, accessible.
pervicacia, ee, F., obstinacy.
pervicax, acis, firm, stubborn.
pervideo, vidi, vis-, 2, examine,
view.
pervigilium, i, M., night-watch.

persuadeo — phala.

pervigilo, 1, to watch all night.
pervinco, vici, vict-, 5, /horoughly
conquer, prevail, maintain.
pervius, a, passable, pervious.
pervolito, 1, /lit through.
pervolo, 1, //j about, dart through.
pervolo, velle, volui, wish greatly.
pervorto—perverto, 3, turn awry.
pervulgatus, a, um, very common,
well-known.
pervulgo, ri, spread abroad, make
common, haunt, frequent.
pes, pedis, M., foot; sheet (of sail).
pessimus, a, um, [malus,] vworse.
pessulus, i, M. ; -um, i, N., bolt.
pessum, (/o the bottom; ixe, to per-
ish ; dare, to ruin, undo.
pestifer, era, um, pestilential.
pestilens,tis, norious, unwholesome.
pestilentia, ee, F., plague, pesti-
lence.
pestis, is, F., plague, pest, destruc-
tion, ruin, bane.
petaso (io), onis, M., shoulder (of
pork)
petasus, i, M., broad-brimmed cap.
petaurum, i, N., s/age, spring-board. .
petigo, inis, F., scab, eruption.
petitio, Onis, F., attack, request, .
soliciting of office.
petitor, Oris, M., seeker, plaintiff.
peto, ivi, it-, 3, seek, aim at, attack,
ask, demand, sue for, solicit, fetch.
1 petra, ee, F., rock, cliff, crag.
petrosus, a, um, rocky.
petulans, tis, pert, saucy, wanton.
petulanter, wantonly.

petulantia, ee, F., impudence, pert-

nes$, wantonness.
petuülcus, a, um, apt to butt.
tpeuce, es, F. pilch-pine.
pexus, a, um, woolly.
Pheeacia—Corcytra ( ?).
T pheenomenon, i, N., appearance.
Phaéthon, ontis, son of Helios
(the Sun), and Clymeneé.
Pheethonteus (-tius) a, um, of
Phaethon.
Pheethontias (-tis), dis, sister of
Phaethon.
phala—fala, scaffold.

phalanga, ee, F., pole, roller.

phalanx, gis, F., solid square (of

troops), phalanx.

halaris, tyrant of Agrigentum,

about B.C. 550.

phaleree, arum, F., medal, decora-

tion, ornament.

tphallus,i, M., a symbol of fertility.

t phantasma, tis, M., apparition.

1 pharetra, ee, F., quiver.

pharetratus, a, um, bearing the
quiver.

T pharmaceutria, ee, F., sorceress.

Pharnaces, k. of Pontus, defeated
by Csesar, B.C. 46.

Pharsalus, i, F., a town in Thes-
saly, famous for the defeat of
Pompey, B.C. 48.

Pharos, i; F, an island near
Alexandria ; light-house.

tphaselus, i, q., £idney-bean.

Phasianus (-acus), a, um; as, adis,
of the Phasis ; M., a pheasant.

Phasis, idis (idos), M., a city and
river in Colchis.

Pheneos,i, F., a town of Arcadia.

Pheree, árum, a city of Thessaly.

Phidias, an Athenian sculptor,
B.C. 4898-432.

Phileeni, orum, two Carthaginian
brothers, buried alive on the
Cyrenian frontier.

Philippi, orum, M. a city of
Macedonia, where Brutus and
Cassius were defeated, B.C. 42.

Philippus, i, k. of Macedonia, f.
of Alexander ; B.C. 382-336.

[1 philo-, fond of.

Philoctetes, e, a companion of
Hercules, who received his
poisoned arrows.

t philologus, a, um, of learning or
scholarship.

Philomela, ee, F., sister of Progne,
changed to a nightingale.

1 philosophia, ee, F., philosophy.

Tphilosophor, 1, pAilosophize.

t philosophus, a, um, philosophic ;
M., philosopher.

t philyra, ee, F., linden-bark.

t phimus, i, N., dice-boz.

phalanga — Picti.

143

Phineus, ei (eos), myth. king of
Thrace, struck with blindness
and tormented by the Harpies.

fPhlegethon, ontis, the fiery
river of Hades.

Phlegreeus, a, um, of PhAlegra, in
Macedonia, where the giants
were struck with lightning.

1 phoca, ee (-6, 6s), F., seal, sea-dog.

Phocaea, ee, a town of lonia,
mother-city of Massalia.

Phocis, idis, F., a dist. of northern
Greece.

Phoebe, es, — Diana, sister of
Phoebus (the Moon).

Phoebus, i, M., Apollo, the Sun.

Phoenice, es, F., Phoenicia, Syria.

Phoenissa, e, F., a Phoenician
woman. :

Phoenix, pl., 1ces, PAhenician.

1 phoenix, icis, M., phaniz, a fabu-
lous bird.

Phorcus, i; son of Neptune, a
sea-god, father of Medusa.

tPhosphorus, i, M. (light-bringer),
the Morning Star.

Phrixus, son of Athamas, borne
to Colchis by the ram of the
golden fleece.

Phrygés, um, the Phrygians.

Phryegia, ee, F., the central dist. of
Asia Minor.

Phrygius, a, um, PArygian, Trojan.

Phthia, e, a town of Thessaly,
birthplace of Achilles.

t phylacista ee, M., jailer, dun.

t physicus, a, um, of science.

1 physis, is, F., nature.

piáabilis, e, expiable.

piacularis, e, expiator y.

piaculum, i, N., victim, sin-offering,
punishment, guilt, remedy.

piamen, inis; -mentum, i, N., a
atonement.

pica, ee, F., magpie.

picátus, a, um, pitchy.

picea, ee, F., pitch-pine.

Picenum, i, N., dist. of E. Italy.
piceus, a, um, pitch-black.
pico, 1, daub with pitch or tar.

Picti, orum, people of N. Britain.

144

pictor, Oris, M., painter.

pictura, ee, F., painting, picture.

pictus, [pingo,] painted, colored.

picus, i, M., woodpecker.

Picus, i. myth. son of Saturn, gr.-
father of Latinus.

pie, piously, kindly.

Pieridés, um, r., //e Muses, daugh-
ters of Pieros, k. of Thessaly.

pietas, atis, F., sense of duty, piety,
affection, tenderness.

piger, gra, um, grudging, dull, sad.

piget, uit, 2, i! veres, annoys.

pigmentum, i, F., a color, dye. -

pignero, I, give in pledge, pawn.

pigneror, 1, /ake as pledge.

pignus, óris, N., pledge, stake, token.

pigre, backwardly, sluggishly.

pigritia, ee; -es, ei, F., indolence.

pila, ee, F., pillar, mortar, pier.

pila (-ula), ee, rF., Pall.

pilanus, a, um, of the third rank.

pilatus, a, um, close, dense ; armed
with javelins.

pileatus, a, um, capped, bonneted.

pilentum, i, N., carriage.

pileus (-olus), i, M. ; -um,i, N., cap.

pilo, 1, ram down, thrust.

pilo, r, make bare, pillage.

pilum, i, N., pounder ; heavy javelin.

pilus, i, M., Aair.

pilus, i, M., , rank of infantry.

Pimpleus, a, um, of Pimpla, a fount
of Pieria ; F, (-6is, idos), Muse.

Tpinacotheca, ee, F., picture-gallery

T pincerna, ee, M., cup-bearer.

Pindarus, i, a Theban lyric poet,
B.C. 522-492.

Pindus, i, M., a mt. of Thessaly.

pinétum, i, N., pine-wood Es grove.

pineus, a, um, of pine; F., pine-
cone; pinea moles, ship.

pingo, nxi, ct-, 3, paint, stain, em-
broider.

pinguesco, 3, grow fat.

pinguis, e, fat, rich, dull, dense.

pinguiter, fatly, stupidly.

pinguitüdo, inis, r. , fatness.

pinifer (-ger), era, um , pine- bearing.

pinna (-ula), ee, F., feather.

pinnatus, a, am, feüthered, plumed.

pictor — pix.

pinniger, era, um, qwinged.

pinso, si (sui), sum (tum, situm),
3, (o pound, bruise.

pinus, üs (i) F., pine; ship, torch.

pio, 1, propitiate, expiate.

piper, eris, N., pepper.

pipilo, 1 ; pipio, 4, chirp, whünper.

pipio, onis, F., a nestling.

pipulum, i, N., chirping, outcry.

Pireeeus, i, M., the port of Athens.

1 pirata, ee, M., pirate.

T piráticus. a, um, of pirates; F.,
piracy.

Pirene, es, F., a fount at Corinth.

Pirithoüs, i, 'son of Ixion, king
of Lapithze ; friend of Theseus.

pirum, i, N., pear.

pirus, i, F., pear tree.

Pisa, ee, a city of Elis, made fam-
ous by the Olympic games.

Pisee, arum, a city of Etruria, Pisa.

Pisaurum,i, N., a town of Umbria.

piscarius, a, um, of fish; M., fish-
monger ; F., fish-market.

piscator, oris, M., fisherman.

piscatorius, a, um, of fishermen.

piscatus, üs, M., fishing.

piscina, ee, F., fish-pond, pool.

piscis, is (-culus, i), M., fish.

piscor, 1, catch fish.

piscosus, a, um, /ishy.

Pisidia, &, F., a southern district
of Asia Minor.

Pisistrátus, i, tyrant of Athens,
from A.D. 560-527.

1 pissinus, a, um, of pitch.

pistillum, i, N. ; us, i, M., pestle.

pistor, Oris, M., miller, baker.

pistrina, ee, F., bake-house.

pistrinum, i, N., mill, bakery.

pistris, is ; -ix, icis, F., shark.

pistus, [pinso,] pounded, grouud.

pisum, i, N., pease.

1 pithecus, i, M. ; -ium, i, N., ape.

1 pittacium, i, N., /abel.

Pittheus, i, myth. king of Troezen,
gr.-father of Theseus.

pituita, ee, F., slime, phlegm.

pius, a, um (compar. magis pius),
pious, tender, reverentia.

pix, picis, F., pitch.

placabilis — poenalis.

placabilis, e, mild, placable.
. placate, gently, calmly.
placatio, onis, rF., pacifying.
placátus, a, um, soothed, calm.
placenta, ee, F., cake. :
Placentia, ee, F., Piacenza, a city
of N. Italy, on the Po.
placeo, ui, it-, 2, please, satisfy.
placide, gently.
placidus, a, um, mild, gentle.
placitum, i, N., opinion, decree.
placitus, a, um, pleasing, acceptable.
placo, r1, soothe, appease, reconcile.
1 plaga, ee, F., blow, stroke.
plaga, ee, F., region ; pl., snare, trap.
plagium, i, N., kidnapping.
plagosus, a, um, fond of flogging.
plagula, ee, F., curtain, sheet.
planca, ee, F., board, plank.
planctus, a, um, [plango,] beaten.
planctus, üs, M., beating, wailing.
plane, clearly, wholly, by all means.
t planeta, ee, M., planet.
plango, nxi, nct-, 3, beat, bewail.
plangor, oris, M., beating, wailing.
planities, ei, F., /eve! surface, plain.
planta, ee, F., sprout, (wig ; sole.

plantaris, e, of setting, for the foot ;

N., pl, young trees.
plànus, a, um, even, level, clear.
Tplanus, i, M., vagabond, impostor.
1 plasma, atis, N., mould, image.
plasticus, a, um, of moulding.
Plateeee, arum, a city in Boeotia,
famous for the defeat of the
Persians, B.C. 479.
platalea, ee, F. spoonbill.
t platanus, i, F., plane-tree.
1 platea, ee, F., broad way.
Plato, onis, an Athenian philo-
sopher, R.C. 430-348.
plaudo, si, sum, 3, clap, applaud.
plausibilis, a, praiseworthy.
plausor, oris, M., applauder.
plaustrum, i, N., cart, waggon.
plausus, [plaudo,] applauded.
plausus (plosus), üs, M., applause,
clapping, flapping.
Plautus, a comic poet, B.C. 228.
plautus, a, um, //at, broad.
plebeius, a, um, plebeian, vulgar.

145

plebes—plebs, common people.

plebicola, e, rF., flatterer of the
people.

plebiscitum, i, N., popular decree.

plebs, plebis, rF., te commonalty.

plecto, xi (xui), xum, 3, (o weave,
braid, interweave.

plecto, 3, punish (generally in r.).

T plectrum, i, N., quil/ (for playing
the lute).

Pleiadés, daughters of Atlas (the
Seven Stars).

plene, largely, thoroughly.

plenus, a, um, full, laden, complete.

plerus, a, um, plerusque (gene-
rally, plur.), very many, most.

plexus, us, M., fwisting, weaving.

plexus, [plecto,] woven.

plico, ui (avi), it- (at-), r, fold.

plodo—plaudo, applaud.

ploratus, üs, M., Jament.

plostrum—plaustrum, cart.

pluit, pluvit, i/ rains.

pluma (-ula), e, F., feather, down,
scale (of armor).

pluümarius, a, um, of soft feathers.

plumatus, a, um, feathered.

plumbeus (arius), a, um, of lead,
leaden, dull.

plumbo, i, solder with lead.

plumbum, i, N., /ead.

plümeus (-Oosus), a, um, feathered.

pluo, plui (pluüvi), 3, to rain.

plüries, ofien, several times.

plürimus, a, um, [ muitus,] most.

plus, plüris (gen. pl., ium), most.

plusculus, a, um, rather more.

pluteus, i, M., pent-house, parapet.

Plüto, onis, god of the Lower
World.

Plütus, i, god of Riches.

pluvia, ee, F., rain.

pluvialis, e ; -vius, a, um, of rain.

pluviosus, a, um, rainy.

poculum, i, N., cup, bowl.

T podagra, ee, F., gout.

t podium, i, N., balcony, height.

1 poema, atis, N., poem.

poena, e, FE. indemnity, penalty,
punishment.

poenalis, e, of. penalty.

146

poenio—pünio, punish. — &&

poenitendus, a, um, blamable.

poenitens, tis, regretful, penitent.

poenitenter, with regret.

poenitentia, ee, F., repentance.

poenitet, uit, 2, it displeases, repents.

Poenus—Punicus, Caríhaginian.

1 poésis, is, F., poetry, poem.

1 poeta, ee, F., poet.

Tpoéticus, a, um, pociic; F.,
poetry, the poetic art.

polenta, ee, F., pearl-barley.

polio, 4, polish, adorn, refine.

polite, elegantly.

T politicus, a, um, of. civil polity.

politio, onis, F., polishing.

politus, a, um, accomplished, polite.

pollen, inis, N., fine flour.

pollens, tís, powerful.

pollenter, powerfully.

polleo, ui, 2, be strong, prevail.

pollex, icis, M., thumb.

pollicaris, e, of a thwunb.

polliceor, itus, 2, promise.

pollicitatio, Onis, F., promise.

pollicitor, t, promise (freq.).

pollinctor, Oris, M., undertaker.

pollingo, nxi, nct-, 5, (0 prepare
(a corpse) for burial.

pollis, inis—pollen, fine flour.

pollübrum, i, N., wash-basin.

pollüceo, xi, ctum, 2, of/er (as
sacrifice), serve.

pollucte, sumptuously.

polluctum, i, N., offering, banquet.

polluo, ui, ut-, 5, defile, dishonor.

pollütus, a, um, defiled, vile.

Pollux, ücis, myth. son of Leda,
twin-brother of Castor.

1 polus, i, M., pole, sky.

[T poly-, many.

Polydorus, i youngest son of
Priam.

Polyphemus,i, a Cyclops, blinded
by Ulysses of his only eye.

Polyxena, ee, d. of Priam, married
to Achilles.

pomarius, a, um, of fruit-trees.

pomeridianus, a, um, afternoon's.

pomerium (pomoerium) i, N.,
open space about a city.

poenio — porcinus.

pomifer, a, um, fruit-bearing.
Pomona, ee, goddess of Fruits.
pomosus, a, um, abounding in
fruit. "
pompa, ee, F., procession, parade.
Pompeius, i; à Roman general,
rival of Czesar, defeated at
Pharsalus, 5.c. 48.
Pompilius, Numa, second king of
Rome, B.C. 715-672.
pomypo, 1, /o perform with pomp.
pomposus, a, um, s/ately, pompous.
Pomptinus, a, um, of S. Latium.
pomum, i, N., fruit.
ponderatus, a, um, well-weighed.
pondero, t, weigh, ponder.
ponderosus, a, um, weighty, heavy.
pondo, in weight; a pound.
pondus, eris, N., weight, mass, load.
pone, behind.
pono, posui, posit-, 5, put, place, a-
bate, allay, assert, offer, surrender.
pons, pontis, M., bridge, gangway.
pontifex, ficis, M., priest, pontiff.
ponto, onis, M., punt, pontoon.
Tpontus, i, w., /he deep sea.
Pontus, i, M., the Black Sea; also,
a dist. on its southern shore.
pODa, ee, M., priests attendant, who
butchered the victim of sacrifice.
popina, ee, F., cook-shop.
popino, onis, M., jlutton.
poples, itis, M., &nee (beneath).
poplicus—publicus, public.
poplus, popolus—populus.
Poppeea, ee, the wife of Nero.
popularis, e, of or agreeable to the
people ; M., fellow-citizen.
populariter, vu/garly.
popularitas, atis, F., fellow-citizen-
ship, popularity.
populàátio, onis, F., ravage, plunder.
populator, oris, M., plunderer.
populeus (-nus), a, um, of poplar.
populor, r, devastate, pillage.
populosus, a, um, populous.
populus, i, M., people, multitude.
populus, i, F., poplar.
porca, ae, F., sow.
porcellus, i, M., pig.
porcinus, a, um, of swine.

poreus — preecaveo.

porcus (-ulus), i, M., hog.
porgo—porrigo, reach.
porrecte, far, extensively.
porrectio, Onis, F., extension.
porrectus, a, um, outstretched.
porricio, eci, ect-, 3, (o offer (sac-
rifice).
porrigo, rexi, ct-, 5, reach, stretch.
porrigo, inis, F., dandruff.
porro, forward, far, of. old, again.
porrum, i, N., leek.
Porsena (-nna) e, k. of Etruria,
who fought to restore Tarquin.
porta, ee, F., gate, door, entrance.

predict.
portentosus,a, üm, monstrous, hor-
rid, ominous.
portentum, i, N., omen, prodigy.
porticus, us, F., porch, gallery.
portio, onis, F., share, portion.
portitor, Oris, M., (az-gatherer ;
carrier, ferryman.
porto, I, carry, convey.
portorium, i, N., taz, transit-duty.
portuosus, a, um, abouruiing g in
harbors.
portus, üs, M., harbor, port, re,
posca, ee, F., vinegar-and-water.
posco, poposci, poscit-, 3, de-
inand, ask, need, require.
positio, onis, F., putting, setting.
positor, oris, M., founder.
ositus, | pono, ] situated, placed.
ositus, tis, M., situation.
possessio, Onis, F., possession.
OsSessor, Oris, M., occupant. .
ossideo, (2) and possido, (3),
edi, essum, possess, hold.
ossum, posse, potui, can, have
power (S 29, iii).
ost, after, behind.
ostea, afterwards.
osteaquam — postquam, after
(that), «when.
osteri, pl., posterity, descendants.
posterior, us (compar. after,
later, hinder.
osteritas, atis, F., future time.
posterus, a, um (-terior, -tremus,
-tumus), coming after.

portendo, di, tum, 3, /o indicate, |

147

post-féro, esteem inferior.

post-habeo, 2, esteem less, neglect. .

posthac, hereafter.

posthumus—postumus, /ast.

postibi, hereupon.

posticus, a, um, rear, hinder; N.,
back-door.

postidea, -illa, afterward.

postis, is, F., door-post ; pl., door.

postliminium, i, N., return home.

postmodo (um), afterward, shortly.

post-pono, 5, esteem less, postpone.

postquam, after (that), when, since.

postremo, finally.

postremus, [posterus, ] /ast, latest.

postridie, nert day.

post-sum, be after, retreat.

postulatio, onis, F., demand, claim,
complaint.

postulo, 1, ask, demand, impeach.

postus— positus, placed.

potatio, onis, F., drinking.

potator, oris, M., drinker

pote (potis), possible.

potens, tis, powerful.

potentatus, is, M., power, dominion.

potentia, ee, F., power, anthority.

potestas, átis, F., power, ability,
sovereignty.

potin? canst?

potio, onis, F., drink, draught.

potior, 4, get possession of.

potis, e, able; -ior, us, preferable ;
-issimus, chief.

potissime, especially.

potius, rather.

poto, (pot-), t, drink.

potor, Oris, M., drinker, sot.

potulentus, a, um, drinkable.

potus, a, um, having drunk.

potus, üis, M., drinking.

pree, in compar ison with, in rínd;
by reason of.

[pree -, before, in advance, very.

preeacuo, 3, sharpen, point.

preeacütus, a, um, pointed.

preebeo, ui, itum, 2, furnish, hold
out, offer, afford, design.

preeceedo—preecido, cut off.

preecanus, a, um, prematurely gray.

preecaveo, cavi, caut-, beware.

148

pree-cedo, 3, go before, surpass.
preecello, 3, rise above, excel.
preecelsus, a, um, very lofty.
preeceps, cipitis, /eadlong, steep.
preeceptor, Oris, M., anticipator,
commander, teacher.
preeceptum, i, N., rule, precept.
preecerpo, psi, pt- 3, (o gather
before the time.
preecido, cidi, cis-, 3, cut sheer off.
preecinctus, a, um, girt.
preecingo, nxi, nct-, 3, £o encircle.
preecino, ui, 3, sing before, predict.
preecipio, cepi, cept-, 3, (ake in
advance, anticipate, give rules.
preecipitium, i, N., precipice.
preecipito, 1, url down, hasten.
preecipue, especially.
preecipuus, a, um, special, prin-
cipal, distinguished.
preecise, briefly, concisely.

preecisus, a, um, cut off, abridged. :

preeclare, clearly, admirably.

preeclarus, a, um, clear, bright,
splendid, glorious.

preecludo, si, sum, 5, /o shut close.

preeco, onis, M., crier, herald.

preeconium, i N., crier's office,
celebration.

preecoque, prematurely.

preecordia, orum, N., diaphragm,
entrails, breast.

preecox, ocis, untimely ripe.

pree-curro, 3, run before, surpass.

preecursor, Oris, M., forerunner,
scout, advance-quard.

preeda, ee, F., pillage, prey, spoi.

preedatio, onis, F., plundering.

preedator, Oris, M., pillager, hunter.

preediator, Oris, M. real-estate
dealer.

preedicatio, Onis, F., proclaiming.

preedico, 1, proclaim, praise, boast.

preedico, xi, ct-, 3, predict, ad-
monish, give notice.

preedictum, i, N., prediction, order.

preedisco, 3, learn beforehand.

preeditus, a, um, endowed, ap-
pointed.

preedium, i, N., landed estate.

preedives, itis, very rich.

precedo — preenomen.

preedo, onis, M., robber, plunderer.
preedor, 1 , plunder, rob, catch.
prcedüco, xi, ct-, 5, draw in front.
preedulcis, e, very sweet.
preedurus, a, nm, very hard, hardy.
preeeo, ivi, it-, 4, go before, precede.
preefatio, onis, F., preface, formula.
preefectura, ee, F., governorship.
preefectus, i, M. superintendent,
commander, governor.
preefero, tuli, lat-, (o bear before,
prefer, display, anticipate.
preeferox, Oocis, very fierce.
preeficio, feci, fect-, 3, set over,
appoint, assign to command.
preefigo, xi, xum, 5, seí up, fasten,
fix on the end.
preefinio, 35, fix beforehand.
preefloro, i, pluck, tarnish.
preefluo, 3, flow in front.
preefodio, fodi, 5, dig before.
preefor, 1, say beforehand.
preefracte, resolutely, sternly.
preefractus, a, um, abrupt, stern.
preefringo fregi, fract-, 3, break
off, or to pieces.
preefulcio, si, tum, prop.
preefulgeo, si, 2, shine forth.
preegnans, tis, full, pregnant.
preegrandis, e, /uge, mighty.
preegravis, e, very heavy.
preegradior, gres-, 3, go before.
prejudicium, i, N., « previous de-
cision, precedent.

preelabor, ps-, 5, glide or sweep by.

preelatus, [fero,] hurrying past.
preelium—prcelium, Pattle.
preeludo, si, sum, 35, rehearse.
preelum—prelum, wine-press.
preemátuürus, a, um, untimely.
prae-metuo, 5, fear beforehand.
preemitto, misi, miss-, 3, send in
advance.
preemium, i, N., reward, profit.
pree-moneo, 2, aub predict.
preemünio, 4, fortify in front.
preenate, 1, swim or flow before.

Preeneste, is, N., a town in La- i

1
tium. E

preemnomen, inis, N., /he first 1

personal name (S 15).

|
|
I
|

1
1
Hi

preeoeeupo — preetor.

preeoccupo, 1, seize beforehand.
preeopto, 1, choose rather.
preeparo, t, prepare beforehand.
preepedio, 4, shackle, hinder.
preepes, etis, siift of. flight, winged ;
C., bird (of omen).
preepilatus, a, um, knobbed.
preepinguis, e, very fat.
preepondero, t, outweigh.
preepono, sui, sit-, 5, (o set over,
appoint, depute, prefer.
preepositus, i, M., prefect, com-
mander.
preeposterus, a, um, reversed, con-
fused, absurd.
preepotens, tis, very powerful.
preequam, in comparison.
pree-ripio, 3, snatch away.
praerogativus, a, um, Aaving the
first vote ; F., omen, privilege.
preerogo, I, ask first.
prerumpo, rüpi, rupt-, 5, break
off in front.
| preeruptus, a, um, steep, hasty.
prees, preedis, M., surety.
prees, at hand.
preesagio (-or), 4, forebode, presage.
preesagium, i, N., presentiment.
praesagus, a, um, foreboding.
praescisco, 3, learn beforehand.
preescius, a, um, prophetic.
preescribo, psi, pt-, 3, write before,
prefix, appoint.
preescriptio, Onis, F., inscription,
pretence, precept.
prescriptum, i, N., copy, precept.
preeseco, cui, ct-, I, cut off.
preesegmen, inis, N., a paring.
praesens, tis, present, prompt.
preesensio, onis, F., fore-feeling.
presentia, ee, F., presence; in
preesentia, at present.
preesentio, si, sum, 4, to feel or per-
ceive beforehand, forbode, divine.
praesepe, is, N.; -es, is; -ia, ee,
F.; -ium, i, N., stall, hut.
preesépio, psi, pt-, 4, barricade.
preesertim, especially.
preeses, idis, M., guardian, chief.
preesideo, sedi, sess-, 2, to guard,
preside, superintend.

149

preesidiarius, a, um, for defence.
preesidium, i, N., defence, guard,
garrison, aid.
preesignis, e, distinguished.
preestans, tis, excellent.
preestat, il is better.
preestabilis, e, eminent.
preestatio, onis, F., guaranty.
preestes, itis, C., guardian.
preestigiee, arum, F., íricks.
preestino, I1, (o buy.
praesto, at hand.
preesto, iti, it-. I, siand forth, sur-
pass, excel, furnish, exhibit.
preestolor, 1, wait for.
preestringo, nxi, ct-, 3, bind fast.
preestruo, xi, ct-, 3, build in. front,
prepare in advance.
praesul, -ulis, M., dance-leader.
pree-sum, be before, have charge of.
pree-sumo, 3, take or spend before.
preesumptio, Onis, F., anticipation.
preesuo, ui, ut-, 5, sew upon, cover.
preetego, xi, ct, shelter, protect.
preetendo, di, tum, 3, síretch or
hold forth, spread, assert.
preetento, 1, search, test.
preeter, beyond, along, contrary,
besides, except.
preeterea, besides, moreover, beyond.
preeterbito, Ir, go past.
praeter-eo, 4, pass by or beyond,
escape notice, neglect.
preeteritus, a, um, past, gone by;
N. pl., the past.
preeterlabor, psus, 35, glide by.
preeter-mitto, 3, let go, omit.
preeter-propter, about, nearly.
praeterquam, beyond, besides.
preeter-vehor, 3, be borne past.
preetexo, ui, xt-, 3, put Or weave
in. front, provide, pretend, cover.
praetexta (toga), ee, F., mantle with
purple border, worn by magis-
trates and children ; tragedy.
preetextatus, wearing the mantle.
preetextum, i, N., ornament; pre-
text, pretence.
preetextus, üs, M., authority.
preetor, oris, M., pretor (officer of
justice), chief, commander.

150

preetorianus, a, um, of the body-
guard.
preetorium, i, N., generals tent,
palace, body-guard.
preetorius, a, um, of the pretor;
porta, front-gate of the camp.
preetüra, ee, F., prectorship.
pree-ustus, a, um, burnt at the end.
preeut, in comparison with.
preevalens, tis, very strong.
preevaleo, ui, 2, have chief power.
preevalidus, a, um, very or too
strong, prevalent, grand.
preevaricor, 1, walk crooked, balk.
preevehor, vectus, 3, ride before.
preevenio, veni, vent-, 4, antici-
» pate, outstrip, prevent.
preeverto (-tor) 4, precede, out-
strip, ezceed, occupy or do first.
preevideo, vidi, vis-, 2, foresee.
preevius, a, um, leading the way.
Tpragmaticus, a, um, skilled in
affairs, relating to business.
prandeo, di, sum, 2, to breakfast.
prandium, i, N., breakfast, lunch.
pransus, a, um, Aaving breakfasted.
1 prasinus, a, um, leek-green.,
pratum (-ulum) i, N., meadoiw, plain.
prave, crookedly, wrongly.
pravitas, atis, F., depravity, per-
verseness, irregularity.
pravus, a, um, misshapen, bad.
precario, 5 entreaty.
precarius, a, um, got by entreaty or
favor ; uncertain.
precatio, onis, F., prayer.
preci, cem, ce ; pl., -ces, F., prayer,
entreaty (nom. sing. not used).
preciee (-tiee), a kind of grape.
precor, 1, beg, pray, invoke.
prehendo, di, sum, 5, seize, grasp.
prehensio, Onis, F., seizing, right
of arrest ; a jack-screw.
prehenso (prenso), t, grasp, detain.
prelum, i, N., wine or oil-press.
premo, essi, ess, 3, press, grasp,
cover, burden, oppress, disparage.
prendo—prehendo, :ake.
presse, closely, concisely.
presso, I, /o press violently.
pressorius, a, um, for pressing.

preetorianus — privilegium.

pressura, ee, F., pressure, throng.
pressus, a, um, close, concise.
pressus, u$, M., pressure.
1 prester, eris, w., whirlwind, water-
spout ; a venomous serpent.
pretiose, ius, splendidly. :
pretiosus, a, um, precious, costly.
pretium, i, N., value, price, pay.
[prex, see preci, prayer.
Priameius, a, um, of Priam.
Priamides, ee, son of Priam.
Priamus, myth. king of Troy.
Priapus, god of Gardens.
pridem, /ong ago, formerly.
pridianus, a, um, of the day before.
pridie, on the ddy before.

primeevus, a, um, young.

primanus, a, um, of the 1st legion.
primarius, a, um, of ihe 1st rank.
primas, atis, c/ief, noble.
primatus, üs, M., preeminence.
prime, especially.
primitiee, arum, F. first-fruits.
primitus, for (he first time.
primo, firsily, at first.
primordia, orum, x. pl., origin.
primoris, e, foremost, extreme.
primum, a/ first, in the first place.
primus, a, um, first, foremost.
princeps, cipis, C. first, chief,
prince, 2d rank (of infantry).
principalis, e, chief, princely.
principaliter, c/iefl y.
principatus, üs, M., chief. rank.
principium, i, M., a beginning ; pl.,
principles, front rank, open space
(in camp).
prior, us, former, previous, better .
pl., the ancients.
prisce, old-fashioned.
priscus, a, um, antique, severe.
pristinus, a, um, former, early,
preceding.
pristis—pistrix, shark.
prius ... quam, before, sooner, until.
privatim, privately, apart.
privatus, a, um, private, one's own.
privigna, ee, F., step-daughter.
privignus, i, M., síep-son.
privilegium, i, N. «a private law,
privilege.

privo — proficiscor. 151

privo, I, deprive, deliver.
privus, a, um, each, single, own.
pro, in front of, instead of, in behalf
of, according to, for, considering ;
pro quam, n proportiwn as.
pro, proh (w. acc.), O/ ah!
proavus, i, M., gr.-grandfather.
probàbilis, e, likely, pleasing.
probabiliter, probably.
probàátio, Onis, F., (rial, approval.
probator, oris, M., approver.
probàtus, a, um, proved, excellent.
probe, well, fitly, rightly, nobly.
probitas, atis, F., honesty, worth.
probo, 1, íry, prove, approve.
probrose, disgracefully.
probrosus, a, um, shameful, in-
famous.
probrum, i, N. disgraceful deed,
dishonor, insult.
probus, a, um, good, excellent.
procácitas, atis, F., impudence.
procáciter, slamelessly.
procax, ácis, bold, impudent.
prócédo, cess-, 3, advance, extend,
continue, result.
procella, ee, F., 'empest, storm.
procello, 3, cast down.
procellosus, a, um, tempestuous.
procer, eris, chief, foremost.
procere, (o great length.
próocéritas, atis, F., /cight, length.
proócérus, a, um, /igh, tall, long.
processio, Onis, F.; -us, üs, M.,
advance, progress.
prócido, idi, 3, fall flat.
prócinctus, üs, M., girding, pre-
paring.
prócingo, nctus, 5, /o gird, equip.
proclamo, I, cry out.
próoclino, 1, lean forward.
proclive, downward.
proclivis, e, sloping downward, in-
clined, easy ; N., declivity.
proclivitas, atis, F., propensity.
prócliviter, downward, easily.
Procne—Progne, d. of Pandion.
proconsul, ulis, N., proconsul (n
office after term of consulship).
procreo, 1, generate, produce.
Procris, wife of Cephalus.

Procrustes, a bandit of Attica,
slain by Theseus.
procubo, 1, /ie along.
procüdo, di, sum, 3, beat, forge.
procul, afar, remote.
proculoo, r, (rample down.
pro-cumbo, 3, fall forward, sink.
procüratio, onis, F., care, charge.
procurator, oris, M., deputy, stew-
ard, administrator, governor.
procüro, r1, (ake charge of.
pró-curro, 3, run forward, project.
procurvus, a, um, crooked.
procus, i, M., wooer, suilor ; chief.
prod-eo, 4, go forth, advance.
prodesse (prosum), /elp.
prodico, xi, ct-, 5, predict.
prodige, lavishly.
prodieialis, e, of omens.
prodigiosus, a, um, sírange, mar-
vellous.
prodigium, i, N., omen, prodigy.
prodigo, egi, act-, 3, consume.
prodigus, a, um, lavish, wasteful.
proditio, onis, F., (reachery.
proditor, oris, w., traitor.
prodo, 3, give forth, deliver, betray.
prodüco, xi, ct- 3, io lead forth,
produce, extend, promote, protract.
producte, lengthily.
productio, onis, F., lengthening.
productus, a, um, protracted.
prceliaris, e, of battle.
proelior, 1, /ight (in battle).
proelium, i, N., battle, strife.
Proetides, um, daughters of Proe-
tus, king of Tiryns.
profano, 1, consecrate.
profàno, 1, desecrate, violate.
profanus, a, um, unholy, impious.
profectio, Onis, F., departure.
profecto, surely.
profectus, [proficiscor,] gone.
profectus, iis, M. advance.
pro-fero, bring forward, produce.
professio, Onis, F., declaration.
professus, a, um, [profiteor, | man-
ifest; ex professo, avowedly.
profestus, a, um, not-festival.
próficio, 5, go forward, effect. j
proficiscor, fectus, 3, go, set forth.

152

profiteor, fessus, 2, /o promise,
profess, declare.

profligatus, a, um, dotwncast, cor-
rupt, wretched.

profligo, 1, despatch, ruin, conquer.

proflo, 1, breathe forth, melt.

profluens, tis, flowing, fluent.
profluo, xi, xum, 3, //ow forth.
profluvium, i, N., flow.

profor, t, speak out, predict.

pro-fugio, 3, escape, flee.

profugus, a, um, fugitive ; M., exile.
profundo, füdi, füs-, 5, shed, pour
forth, spend.

profundus, a, um, deep ; N., depth.

profüuse, lavishly, exceesively.

profusus, a, um, ertravagant.

progenies, ei, F., descent, progeny.

progigno, genui, genit-, 5, produce.

prognatus, a, um, descended ; pl.,
descendants.

Progne (Procne), es, myth. d. of
Pandion, k. of Athens ; wife of
Tereus, changed to a swallow.

progredior, gressus, 3, proceed.

progressio, Onis, F.; -us, üs, M.,
advance, progress.

prohibeo, ui, it-,2, hold in front, re-
strain, forbid.

proin, proinde, just so, accordingly.

projecte, carelessly.

projectus, a, um, extended, promi-
nent, inclined, dotbncast, abject.

projicio, jeci, ject-, 3, throw forth,
oppose, expel, reject. à

prolabor, psus, 3, slide forward,
escape, sink, fall.

prolatio, onis, F., bringing forward,
delay.

prolato, r, extend, defer.

prolatus, [fero,] brought forward.

prolecto, 1, allure, entice.

proles, is, um, F., offspring.

prolixe, copiously.

prolixus, a, um, extended, favor-
able, courtéous.

Tlprologus, i M. prologue, intro-
duction.

proloquor, cütus, 3, speak forth.

prolüdo, si, sum, 3, practice in
advance, prelude.

profiteor — propatulus.

proluo, 3, wash or cast forth.

proluvies, ei, F., overflow, filth.

promereo (-or), 2 deserve.

Prométheus, myth.s. of Iapetos.

promineo, ui, 2, overhang, project.

promiscue, a// together.

promiscuus, a, um, promiscuous.

promitto, misi, miss-, 5, put for-
ward, predict, promise.

promissus, a, um, hanging down ;
N., promise.

promo, mpsi, mpt- 3, io bring
forth, produce, utter.

promontorium, i, N. mountain-
range, headland, promontory.

promotus, a, um. advanced ; N.pl.,
preferable things.

promoveo, 2, move forward, ex-
tend, promote, reveal, postpone.

prompte, promptly.

promptuarius, a, um, of the stores ;
N., storeroom.

promptus, a, um, manifest; at
hand, prompt, ready.

promptus, üs, M., & manifesting,
readiness.

promuleo, 1, publish, proclaim.

promulsis, idis, F., a relish.

promus, a, um, of the larder; N.,
steward, distributor.

promütuus, a, um, prepaid, lent.

prone, downward.

pronuba, ee, F., presiding over mar-
riage (Juno) ; bride's attendant.

pronuntiatio, onis, F., proclama-
tion, utterance.

pronuntio, 1, proclaim, announce,
recite, relate.

pronuper, quite lately.

pronurus, üs, M., grandson's wife.

pronus, a, um, bending or fallen
forward, sinking, inclined.

t prooemium, i, N., introduction.

tproscenium,i, N., preface, prelude.

propagatio, onis, F., propagating.

propages, is; -go, inis, F., layer,
setting (of plants), offspring.

propago, I, propagate, continue.

propalam, publicly, openly. |

propansus (-passus), a, um, spread.

propatulus, a, uncovered.

prope — prosterno.

prope, pius, xime, near, almost.
propediem, very soon.
propello, puli, puls-, 5, /o push on.
propemodo (-dum), a/most.
propendeo, di,sum, 2, 4ang down,
preponderate, incline.
propense, willingly, readily, prone.
propensus, a, um, weighty.
properans, tis, hasty, speedy.
properanter, -ato, speedily.
properantia, ee, F., haste.
properátus, a, um, rapid, hasty.
propero, r, hasten.
propere, properiter, in haste.
properus, a, um, quick, rapid.
propexus, a, um, combed forward.
I propheta (-tes), ee, M., prophet.
Ipropino, r, drink one's health;
give to drink or eat.
oropinque, near at' hand.
oropinquitas, atis, F., nearness,
affinity.
»ropinquo, t, bring or draw near.
oropinquus, a, um, near, akin.
oropior, us, nearer, more like.
oropitio, I, appease.
xropitius, a, um, kind, favorable.
'propola, ee, w., forestaller.
'propolis, is, F., bee-glue.
oropono, sui, sit-, 3, set before,
put forth, offer, expose.
?ropontis, the Sea of Marmora.
xoporro, furthermore.
»roportio, Onis, F., proportion.
oxopositio, Onis, F., setting-forth,
design, purpose.
»ropositum, i, N., way, purpose.
xropreetor, oris, M., a ma gistrate,
propreator (ex- -praetor).
roprie, specially, fitly.
»roprietas, atis, F., property.
'roprius, a, um, one's own, proper,
constant.
ropter, near, by reason of.
xropterea, for that reason.
»x'opudium, i, N., a shameful-thing.
xopugnaculum, iN. bulwark,
»ropugnatio, onis, F., defence.
»'opugnator, Oris, M. champion.
o»opugno, I, defend, go out to fight.
xopulso, r1, defend, ward off.

153

propulsus, [pello,] pushed forward.
Tpropyleeum, i, N., gateway.
proquam, according as.

1 prora, ee, F., prow (of a ship).
prorepo, psi, pt-, 3, crawl forth.

1 proreta, ee; -reus, i, M., steersman.
proripio, ui, rept-, 5, snatch forth.
prorito, 1, provoke, allure.
prorogatio, Onis, F., eztending.

prorogo, 1, prolong, preserve, defer.

prorsum, s/raightforward.
prorsus, a, um, direct, prose.
prorsus, onward, precisely, utterly.
pro-rumpo, 3, thrust or rush forth.
pro-ruo, 3, demolish, rush forth.
proruptus, a, um, unrestrained.
prosa, ee, F., prose.
prosapia, ee, F., stock, race.
prosatus, [sero,] produced.
1 proscenium, i, N., s/age, theatre.
pro-scindo, 3, cut, furrow.
proscissus, [scindo,]| cur.
proscribo, 3, write on, publish, pro-
scribe (for assassination).
proscriptio, Onis, F 'ublishing,
proscr iption.
proseco, ui, ct-, 1, cut off.
prosectus,a, um, cut (for sacrifice).
prosecütus, [sequor, | following.
proseda, ee, F., /arlot.
prosequor, secüt-, 3, follow forth,
pursue, attend.
prosero, sévi;&at-, 3, produce (by
sowing).
Proserpina, ee, d. of Ceres, stolen
by Pluto, god of Hades.
proserpo, 35, creep forward.
prosilio, ui, 4, spring forth.
prospecte, prudently.
prospecto, 1, look forth or towards,
. expect, await.
prospectus, üs, M., view, prospect.
prospeculor, r, look forth, explore.
prosper (-erus), era, um, favorable,
fortunate.
prosperitas, atis, F., good fortune.
prospero, t, make happy or prosper.
prospicio, exi, ect-, 3, look forth,
walch, discern, foresee, provide.
prosterno, stravi, strat-, 3, strew,
overthrow, destroy.

he.

154

prostituo, ui, üit-, 3, expose, sully.
prosto, stiti, stat-, 1, stand forth,
be exposed.
prosubigo, 3, dig up, fashion.
prosum ($ 29, iv.), be helpful, profit.
protectio, onis, F., shelter.
protector, Oris, M., coverer, guard.
protectum, i, N., eaces.
protego, xi, ct-, 3, cover, shelter.
protelo, i, repulse, prolong.
protelum, i, N., row, team.
protendo, di, sum (tum), stretch
forth, extend.
protenus—protinus, onward.
pro-tero, 3, trample, drive.
proterreo, ui, it-, 2, scare away.
proterve (-iter), boldly, wantonly.
protervitas, atis, F., àmpudence.
protervus, a, um, vehement, bold.
protestor, 1, bear witness, protest.
Proteus, ei, a sea-divinity, of
changing form.
protinam, protinis, forthwith.
protinus, right onward, at once.
1 proto., first.
protollo, 35, stretch, forth.
protraho, xi, ct-, 3, (o draw forth,
expose, protract.
protritus, [-tero,] worn out.
protrüdo, di, sum, 3, push, defer.
proturbo, r, drive forth, repel.
prout, according as.
provectus, a, um, advanced.
proveho, xi, ct, 3, carry forth,
promote ; P., go, move.
provenio, veni, vent-, 4, come
forth, arise, grow, happen, prosper.
proventus, üs, M., growth, result.
proverbium, i, N., proverb, adage.
proverto, sum, 3, (urn forward.
provide, carefully.
providens, tis, prudent, foreseeing.
providenter, prudently.
providentia, ee, F., foresight,
provideo, vidi, vis-, 2, foresee,
care for, provide.
providus, a, um, foreseeing, pru-
dent, provident.
provincia, ee, F., province, charge.
provincialis, e, of a province.
provisio, Onis, rF., foresight.

prostituo — publico.

proviso, with foresight.

proviso, 3, 9o out to see.

provisor, Oris, M., foreseer.

provisus, | video, | provided.

provisus, us, M., foreseeing.

provocatio, onis, r., challenge.

provoco, i, cal] forth, challenge,
summon, rouse.

provolo, i1, lj forth, rush out.

pro-volvo, 5, roll forth, fall down.

proxime (-imo), next.

proximitas, atis, F., nearness.

proximus, a, um, nearest, neat.

prudens, tis, foreseeing, foreknow-
ing, skilled.

prüdenter, discreetly.

prudentia, ee, F., foresight, knowl-
edge, prudence.

pruina, ee, F., hoar-frost, winter.

pruinosus, a, üm, frosty.

prüna, ee, F., /ive coal.

prünum, i, N., plum.

prünus, i, F., plum-tree, black-thorn.

prürigo, inis, F., itching.

prurio, 4, (o iích.

Prüsias, ee, king of Bithynia, who
betrayed Hannibal.

Tprytaneum, i, N., town-hall.

1 psallo, 3, play the lyre.

1 pseudo-, false or sham.

1psittacus, i, M., parrot.

Psyche, es (soul), a nymph loved
by Cupid, and made immortal.

[-pte, self, own.

1 ptisana, ee, F., barley-water.

Ptolemeeus, i, a general of Alex-
ander, afterwards k. of Egypt,
till p.c. 2835.

pübens, tis, at puberty, vigorous.

pübertas, atis, F., puberty, youth.

pübes (-er, -is) eris, of ripe age;
downy.

pübes, is, rF., signs of manhood;
youth, or vigorous population.

pübesco, 3, ripen, attain puberty.

publicanus, a, um, of ihe revenue ;
M., farmer of the revenue.

publicátio, onis, F., confiscation.

publice (-citus), publicly, at state-
charge.

publico, 1, confíscate, make public.

publieus — puteal.

publicus, a, um, of the public ; N
public revenue; M., magistrate.

pudendus, to be ashamed of.

pudens, tis, modest, shamefaced.

pudenter, bashfully.

pudeo, 2, be ashamed ; -et, it shames.

pudibundus, a, um, bashful.

pudice, modestly, chastely.

pudicitia, ee, F., modesty.

pudicus, a, um, modest, chaste.

pudor, Oris, M., sense of honor or
shame, modesty, self-respect.

puella, ee, F., girl, maiden.

puellaris, e, girlish.

puer, eri, w., boy, child (till 17).

puerilis, e, boyish, childish.

pueriliter, like a child.

pueritia, ee, F., childhood.

puerperium, i, N., child-birth.

puerulus, i, M., little boy.

pugil, ilis, M., pugilist, boxer.

pugillaris, e, of the fist.

pugillus, i, M., handful.

pugilor, r1, /o box.

pugio, onis, M., dagger.

pugna, ee, F., a fight, combat.

pugnaciter, contentiously.

pugnax, acis, combative, obstinate.

pugno, 1, (o fight, struggle, contend.

pugnus, i, M., fist, handful.

pulcher, chra, um, beautiful, noble.

pulchre, beautifully, nobly.

| pulchritudo, inis, F., beauty.

puleium (-gium), i, N., pennyroyal.

pülex, icis, M., lea.

pullarius, a, um, of the young; M.,
keeper of the sacred chickens.

pullatus, a, um, in black garments.

pullities, ei, F., brood.

pullulo, r, /o sprout, produce.

pullus, i, M., young, colt, chick, twig.

pullus, a, um, dark, mournful.

pulmentum (-arium,), i, N., relish.

pulmo, onis, M., lung.

pulpa, ee, F., soft flesh.

pulpamentum, i, N., flesh, dainty.

pulpitum, i, N., s/age, platform.

puls, pultis, F., pottage.

pulsátio, onis, F., beating.

pulso, 1, beat, push, attack.

pulsus [pello,] driven, routed.

Y.

155

pulsus, üs, M., pushing, trampling.
pultarius, i, M., pot, jar.
pulto, 1, beat, strike.
pulver—pulvis, dust.
pulvereus, a, um, of dust.
pulvero, 1, /o bedust.
pulverulentus, a, um, dusty.
pulvillus, i, M,, a little cushion.
pulvinar, aris, N., couch.
pulvinus, i, N., cushion, pillow.
pulvis, eris, N., dust, arena.
pümex, icis, M., pumice-stone.
pümiceus, a, um, of pumice, dry.
pümico, 1, polish (with pumice).
pumilio, onis, N., dwarf, pigmy.
pumilus, a, um, dwarfish.
punctatim, concisely, to the point.
punctim, «with the point.
punctum, i, N., point, dot, bailot.
punctus, üs, M., a prick, sting.
pungo, pupugi, punct-, 3, pierce,
sting, afflict, distress.
püniceus, a, um, purple.
Punicus, a, um, Carthaginian.
pünio (-or) 4, punish, avenge.
pünitor, Oris, N., avenger.
pupa (-ula), ee, F., girl, doll.
pupillus, i, M. ; -a, ee, F., orphan,
ward; F., pupil (of the eye).
puppis, is, im, i, F., siern, ship.
pure, purely, clearly.
purgamen, inis; -mentum, i,
scouring fillh, purgation.

| purgatio, onis, F., cleansing.

purgo, 1, cleanse, clear, purify.
pürifico, 1, cleanse, expiate.
purpura, ee, F., purple-fish, purple.
purpuratus, a, um, clad in purple;
M., court-officer.
purpureus, a, um, purple, brilliant.
purpuro, I, to dye purple.
pürulentus, a, um, festering.
pürus, a, um, clear, clean, pure.
pus, puris, N., festering matter.
pusillanimis, e, timid.
pusillus, a, um, small, petty.
pusio, onis, M., a little boy.
pustula (püsula), ee, F., blister.
putàmen, inis, N., trimmings.
putátio, Onis, F., pruning.
puteal, alis, N., well-curb.

156

püteo, 2, Lave an ill smell.
Puteoli, orum, a coast-town near
Naples.
puter, tris, tre, rotten, crumbling.
pütesco, -isco, 3, /o rot, putrify.
puteus, i, M., a well, pit, cistern.
pütidus, a, um, rotten, offensive.
putillus, i, M. ; -a, ee, F., child.
puto, I, (o cleanse, trim, prune;
reckon, suppose, think, consider.
pütor, Oris, M., rottenness.
putre-facio; P., -f1o, putrify.
putresco, 3, :o decay.
putridus, a, um, rotten, mellow.
putus, a, um, clear, fine; M., a boy.
tpycta (es), ee, M., boxer.
Pydna,a town of Macedon, where
Perseus was defeated, B.C. 146.
Qpbysa, ee, F., the rump.
pygmeeus, a, um, pigmy, dwarf.
Pyle, arum, r. (gates) "Thermo-
pyle ; also a pass in Cilicia.
Pylos, i F. the city of Nestor
(Pylius) in S.W. Peloponesus.
tpyra, ee, F., funeral pile.
Tpyramis idis, F., pyramid.
Pyreneeus, a, um, of the Pyrenees.
t pyrites, ee, M., flint, millstone.
Pyrrha, myth. wife of. Deucalion.
Pyrrhus,i, i, myth. son of Achilles;
2, a king of Epirus, who fought
with the Romans 5.C. 280-274.
pyrum,—pirum, pear.
Pythagoras, e, a philosopher of
Samos, about B.C. 550.
Pythius, a, um, Pythian, a title of
Apollo, from Pytho, a name of
Delphi; r., Delphic priestess.
Python, onis, M, a serpent slain
by Apollo near Delphi.
"pyxis is, F., a box for ointments.

Q.

Q, the praenomen Quintus.

qua, where, bij what way, how; qua |

. qua, as well...as.
quacumque, wherever.
quadamtenus, (o such a point.
quadra, ee, F., square.

puteo — qualis.

quadrageni, ee, a, forty each.
quadragesimus, a, um, fortieth.
quadragies, forty times.
quadraginta, forty.
quadrans, tis, a quarter, farthing.
quadrate, four-fold.
quadratus, a, um, square, stout.
quadriennium, i, N., four years.
quadrifariam, four-fold.
quadrifidus, a, um, four-cleft.
quadrifrons, tis, four-fronted.
quadrigee, arum, F., /eam of four.
quadrigeni, e, a, 400 each.
quadrijugis, e; -gus, a, um, of a
team of four.
quadrimus, a, um, four years old.
quadringeni, ee, a, 400 each.
quadringenti, e, a, four hundred.
quadrigenties, 400 times.
quadrini, ee, a, four each.
quadripartitus, a, um, in four parts.
quadrivium, i, N., cross-roads.
quadro, 1, to be or make square.
quadrum, i, N., «à square.
quadrupedans, tis, galloping.
quadrupes, pedis; -pedus, a,
um, four-foote.
quadruplex, icis, four-fold.
quadruplico (-plo), 1, multiply by 4.
quadruplus, a, um, four-fold.
queerito, 1, seek earnestly.
queero, sivi, sit-, 3, seek, ask, ex-
amine (by torture).
queesitor, Oris, M., searcher.
quaesitus, tis, M., search.
quaeso, 1vi, itum, 3, seek, beseech.
queestio, Onis, F., inquiry, ezamina-
lion, case in hand.
quaestor, Oris, M., qucstor (treas-
urer, judge, or quartermaster).
queestorius, a, um, of te questor ,
M., ez-quastor.
quzestuóse, | gainfully.
queestuosus, a, um, gainful, eager
for gain, rich.
queestüra, ee, F., qucstorship.
queestus, üs, M., gain, profit, busi-
ness, employment.
qualibet, where or as you please.
qualis, e, of what sort; talis,...
qualis, such .. . as

qualitas — quinqueviri.

qualitas, atis, F., quality, condition.
qualiter, i» wAat way, as.
qualum (us), i, N., basket, hamper.
quam, Aow, as, than, very ; (with
superl.), the most possible.
quamdiu, /;ow long, as long as.
quamquam, although.
quamvis, as you will, although.
quanam, where? how?
quando, wen (S 48, 7), since.
quandoque (-cumque), whenever,
at some time or other.
quandoquidem, since.
quantillus, a, um, Aovw little !
quantitas atis, F., extent, quantity.
quanto, 5y how much.
quantopere, /ow greatly.
quantulus, a, um, Aow little.
quantum, as or how much.
quantus, a, um, ds or how great.
quantusvis (-libet), A^owever great.
quapropter, wherefore.
quaqua, wherever, whatever way.
quare, whereby, why, wherefore.
quartana, ee, F., quartan aque.
quartani, orum, of ihe 4th legion.
quarto (-tum), /he fourth time.
quartus, a, um, fourth.
quartus decimus, fourteenth.
quasi, «as if, as it were.
quasillum, i, N. (-us, M.), wool-basket.
quasso, I, shake, shalter.
quassus, [quatio, ] shaken.
quátenus, Aow far, how long, where.
quater, four times.
quaterni (pl), four each, by fours.
quatio, quassum, 3, shake, rack,
beat, harass, shatter.
quattuor (quatuor), four.
quattuordecim, fourteen.
-que, and, also.
queis—quibus, (dat. pl. of qui).
quemadmodum, /o:e, as.
queo, 4 (def. $ 37 viii.), can.
quercétum, i, N., oak-wood.
quercus, üs, F., oak.
queréla, ee, F., complaint, plaint.
querimonia, ee, F., complaint.
quernus (-neus), a, um, oaken.
queror, questus, 3, complain.
querquedula, ee, F., duck, teal. .

157

querquerus (quercerus) a, um,
shivering with cold or ague.
querquetulànus, of an oak-wood.
querulus, a, um, complaining.
questus, tis, M., complaint.
qui, quee, quod, who, which ($ 21).
qui, why, how, O that !
quia, because.
quic-—quid-, w/at.
quicum, quibuscum, «with whom.
qui-cumque, whoever.
quid, [quis,] what? why?
quidam, a certain one (T. 6).
quidem, indeed, at least; ne ...
quidem, not even.
quidni? «wy not?
quidquid (quicquid), whatever.
quies etis, F., rest, quiet, repose.
quiesco, evi, etum, 5, /o rest, sleep,
be quiet, or neutral.
quiete, calmly.
quietus, a, um, calm, still.
qui-libet, «n3 one you will.
quin, /Aat not, but that, nay, why not ?
quinarius, a, um, containing nd
quincunx, cis, F., five- sensi
pattern of fies, thus: $— 7. e
quincuplex, icis, five-fold.
quindecim, "fifteen.
quindecimvíri, Board of 15, having
in charge the Sybilline books. ..
quingenarius, a, um, of. 500 cách.
quingeni, ee, a, 500 each.
quingentesimus, a, um, 500//.
quingenti, ee, a, five hundred.
quingenties, five hundred times.
quini, ee, a, five each, by fives, five.
quinideni (quindeni), 15 eac/.
quinquageni, f/f! each.
quinquàagesimus, a, um, fifieth.
quinquagies, fif/j times.
quinquaginta, /f!y.
quinquatrus, uum, F.;
a feast of Minerva.
quinque, five.
quinquennis, e, of five years.
quinquennium, i, N., five years.
quinqueremis, is, F., quinquereme,
a ship of 5 banks of oars.
quinqueviri, pl. Board of five for
allotting lands, &c.

-tria, N. ,

158

quinquies (ens), five times.

quintanus, a, um, of the 5tÀ legion.

Quintilis, is, M., July.

quinto (-tum), for the fifih time.

quintus decimus, fifieenth.

quippe, indeed, surely, since.
quippiam —quidpiam, an thing.
quippi-nam, wA not? to be sure.

Quirinalis, e, of. Romulus; M., a
hillof Rome ; N. pl, afestivalof |
Quirinus, the deified Romulus.

quiris (curis), a spear.

Quirites, ium, the name by which
the Roman people were ad-
dressed in political assemblies.

quirito, I, shriek, scream.

quis, quee, quid, :ho? what? any.

quis—Qquibus, abl. pl. of qui.

quis-nam, who pray?

quis-piam «a one or thing.

quis-quam (with neg.). any.

quis-que, each, every, whoever.
quisquiliee, arum, (rash, refuse.
quis-quis (S 21, L, 1), whoever.
quivis, who or hat ou will.

quo, where, whither, wherefore, in
order that (S 64, ii.).

quoad, /ow long? as long or far as.

quocirca, wherefore.

quocumque, whithersoever.

quod, /Aat, in that, as to.

quodammodo, somehow.

quoius, quoi—cujus, cui [qui]

quolibet, whither you will.

quom--cum, wen.

quominus, /Aa' not ($ 65, iii.).

quomodo, /;ow ?

quonam, whither pray?

quondam, once, formerly, sometimes

quoniam, since, hereas.

quopiam, quoquam, any-whither.
quoque, a/so, even.

quoquo, wàilhersoever.

quoquomodo, Aowsoever.

quorsum, whitherward, to what end.
quot, Àow many, as many; with

words of time, every: as,
quotaunis, yearly.

quot cumque, /;owever many.

quoteri, pi., how many each.

quotidianus, a, um, daily.

quinquies — rancidus.

quotidie, every day.

quoties, (ens), iow often.
quotiescumque, Aowever often.
quotquot, however many.

quctus, a, um, one of how many.
quotus-cumque, of liowever many.
quotus-quisque, 4o many or few.
quousque, /;ow long? how far?
quovis, whither y0u will.
quum--cum, "hen, since.

quum maxime, very especially.

R.

rabide, madly, furiously.

rabidus, a, um, mad, fierce.

rabies, ei, F., madness, rage.

rabiosus, a, um, raving, fierce.

rabo, 3, !o be mad.

rabo, onis (arrhabo), pledge.

rabula, ee, M., brawler, pettifogger.

racemifer, era, um, cluster-bearing.

racemor, I, (o glean.

racemus, i, M., cluster of grapes.

radiatus, a, um, bright with rays.

radicatus, a, um, rooted.

radicitus, by the root.

radicor, 1, /o strike root.

radio, I, /o furnish wiüh spokes or
rays, to beam, shine. |

radius, i, N., s/afj, rod, spoke, ray
or beam.

radix, icis, F., root, foot (of hill),
source, foundation.

rado,si, sum, 3, scrape, shave, graze.

Reeticus, a, um, Zetian, of the
Tyrol.

rallum, i, N., [rado,] scraper.

rallus, a, um, thin.

ramalia, um, N. pl., brushwood.

rámenta, Orum, N. pl, parings,
scrapings.

rameus, a, um, of boughs.

rámices, um, M., blood-vessels.

Ramnes, the Latin stock in Rome.

ráàmosus, a, um, branching.

ramus (-ulus) i, M., branch, bough.

rana (-ula), ee, F., frog.

rancens, tis, purid.

rancidus, a, um, rank, offensive.

rancor — reclamo.

rancor, Oris, M., rankness, grudqe.

ranunculus, i, N., tadpole, crowfoot.

rapa (-ena), ee, F., turnip.
rapacitas, atis, F., greediness.
rapax, acis, grasping, greedy.
raphanus, i M., radish. — .
rapicius, a, um, of turnip or rape.
rapide, Lurriedly.
rapiditas, atis, F., siwifiness.
rapidus, a, um, swif?, hurried.
rapina, ee, F., robbery, plunder.
rapio, ui, pt-, 5, seize, drag away.
raptim, violently, hurriedly.
rapto, I, snatch away, lay waste.
raptor, oris, M., robber, plunderer.
raptus, |rapio,] snatched, stolen.
raptus, üs, M., ravishing by force.
rapum-—-rapa, (urnip.
rare (rarenter), seldom, rarely.
rarefacio, feci, fact-, 3, male rare.
raresco, 3, grow thin or rare.
raritas, atis, F., sparseness, fewness.
raritüdo, inis, F., /ooseness.
raro, seldom, sparsely.
rarus, a, um, rare, sparse, thin, few.
rasilis, e, smoothed, scraped.
raster, tri, M. ; (-trum, N ». a rake,
hoe, mattock..
rasüra, ee, F., scraping, shaving.
rasus, [rado,] scraped, shaven.
rate, surely.
ratio, Onis, F., [reor,] reason, rectk-
oning, matter, regard, motive, view.
ratiocinatio, Onis, F., reasoning.
ratiocinor, I, reckon, reason.
rationalis, e, of. reason or accounts.
ratis, is, F., raft, float, vessel.
ratiuncula, ee, F., pei! reckoning.
rato, surely.
ratus, [reor,] a, um, supposing ;
reckoned, fixed, proportional.
raucus, a, um, /Aoarse, harsh.
raudus, eris, N., lump (of brass).
Ravenna, e&, F., a port of N. E.
Italy.
ravio, 4, talk one's self. hoarse..
ravis, im, F., hoarseness.
ravus, a, um, íawny ; hoarse.
[re-, red-, back or again.
rea, ee, F., [reus,] defendant.
reapse, in very fact.

159

Reate, is, N,a Sabine town.

rebellio, onis, F.; -um, i, N,, à
renewal of war, revolt.

rebellis, is, insu; 'gent.

rebello, 1, fo revolt, renew hostilities.

rebito, 1, turn back, return.

reboo, 1, re-echo.

recaleo, 2. (o keep warm.

recalesco, ui, 3, recover warmth.

recanto, I, charm away, revoke.

recedo, cessi, cess-, 3, withdraw,
retreat, part, abandon.

recello, 3, spring back.

recens, tis, fresh, new, recent.

recenseo, ui, sum (sit-), 2, reckon
over, review.

recensio, Onis, F. ;
reviewing, register.

recenter, recently.

receptaculum, i, N.,
place of refuge.

receptio, onis, F., receiving.

recepto, I, (ake back, recover, har-
bor, admit, pull back, withdraw.

receptor (-ator), Oris, M., receiver,
concealer, harborer.

receptus, [recipio,] recovered ; N.,
an engagement.

receptus, us, M., retreat, refuge.

recessim, backward.

recessus, [recedo,] withdrawn.

recessus, üs, M., act or place of
retreat, recess, departure.

recidivus, a, um, [cado,] return-
ing, restored.

recido, 3, fall back, relapse, occur.

recido, si, sum, 35, cut off, abridge.

recingo, nct-, 5, ungird, loosen.

recino, [cano,] 3, resound, sing.

recipero—recupero, recover.

recipio, cepi, cept-, 3, rc(ake, with-
draw, recover, receive, undertake.

reciprocatio, onis, F., alternation.

reciproco, I, come and go, exchange. :

reciprocus, a, um, returning, re-
ceding, reciprocal.

recisus, a, um, cut off, abridged.

recitatio, onis, F., reading aloud.

recito, I, read out, recite.

reclamo (-ito) I, cry out against,
demand, resound.

-8us, üs, M.,

a receptacle

160

reclinis, e, leaning oackward.
reclino, 1, bend back, lean back.
reclivis, e; -us, a, um, s/oping back.
recludo, si sum, 3, uncover, dis-
close; shut fast.
recoctus, [coquo,| forged.
recogito, I, reflect.
recognitio, Onis, F.,
examination, review.
recognosco, Ovi, it-, 3, recognize,
review, examine.
recolligo, legi, lect-, 3, gather back.
recolo, ui, cult-, 5, (ill again, con-
sider, survey.
reconciliatio, Onis, F., reconcilia-
tion, restoring, renewal.
reconcilio, I, reconcile, restore.
reconditus, a, um, /idden, abstruse.
recondo, didi, dit-, 3, conceal,
store awa y.
recoquo, xi, ct-, 3, cook or forge
again, remould.
recordatio, onis, F., remembrance.
recordor, 1, /hink over, call to mind.
recrementum, i, N., dross, chaf.
recreo, I, restore, refresh.
recrepo, ui, I, resound.
re-cresco, 3, grow again.
recrüdesco, dui, 3, grow raw again.
recta, straightway, right on.
recte (-to), uprightly, directly.
rector, oris, M., quide, commander.
rectus, [rego,| 3; upright, - correct,
straight.
recubo, r1, recline, lie -sikwerd...
recumbo, cubui, 3, lie down, sink,
recline, fall.
recuperatio, Onis, F., recovery.
recuperator, Oris, N., recoverer;
pl, a Board of Claims.
recupero, I, recover, get back.
recüro, I, care for, restore.
recurro, curri, curs-, 3, run back,
return, recur.
recurso, I, Aasten or come back.
recursus, üs, M., « return, retreat.
recurvo, I, /o bend backward.
recurvus, a, um, bent back.
recüsatio, onis, F.. refusal, protest.
reciso, I, /o refuse, reject.
recussus [-cutio,] s/ruck back.

recollection,

reclinis — refocillo.

redactus, [-igo;] reduced, subdued.
redarguo, ui, tit-, 35, refute, confute.
reddo, didi, dit-, 5, restore, yield,
deliver, bestow, render, copy.
redemptio, onis, F., buying-off.
redemptor, Oris, M., contractor.
redemptus, [-imo,] redeemed.
redeo, ii, it-, 4, return, be reduced,
go back, proceed.
redhibeo, it-, 2, give or take back.
Rediculus, i, the divini! y causing
retreat of the enemy.
redigo, egi, act-, 3, drive or bring
back, reduce, compel.
rediniioulum, i, N., fillet, girdle.
redimio, 4, bind, wreathe, gird.
redimo, emi, empt-, 3, buy back,
buy up, redeem, obtain, atone.
redintegro, I, restore, renew.
reditio, onis, rF.; -tus, Us, M.,
return, revenue.
redivivus, a, um, restored, renewed.
redoleo, ui, 2, yield an odor.
redono, 1, give back, restore.
redüco, xi, ct-, 3, bring back, con-
duct, withdraw, reduce.
reductus, a, um, retired, remote.
reduncus, a, um, bent back.
redundans, tis, excessive.
redundo, 1, overflow.
reduvia, e, F., hangnail, fragment.
redux, ücis, brought back, restored.
refectio, onis, F., refreshment.
refectus, [reficio,] refreshed.
refello, felli, refute, repel, disprove.
refercio, si, tum, s/uf, cram.
refero, tuli, lat, bring back, restore,
withdraw, repay, report, reply, con-
vey, refer, record.
refert, ($ 50, iv. 4), t concerns.
refertus, [refercio,] full, crammed.
refervesco, vi, 5, (o boil up.
reficio, feci, fect-, 3, restore, refit.
refigo, xi, xum, un fasten, take down.
refingo, 3. make ane.
reflátus, üs, M., adverse wind.
reflecto, xi, xum, 3, bend or turn
back; animum, reflect.
reflo, 1, blow contrary.
refluo, 5, flow back, overflow.
refocillo, r, warm back to life.

reformido — remollio.

xeformido, 1, dread greatly.
reformo, I, (ransform, alter.
refoveo,fovi,fot-, 2, cherish, restore.
refractus, |refringo,] broken.
refrágor, 1, oppose, resist.
refreno, r1, curb, check.
refrico, cui, cát-, 1, /o gall or fret.
refrigero, t, o cool off or down.
refrigesco, ixi, 3, grow cool, or stalé.
refringo, fregi, fract-, 3, break off
or to pieces, destroy. — -
refugio, fügi, 3, //ee back, escape.
refugium, i, N., à refuge, escape.
refugus, a, um, receding, fleeing.
refulgeo, si, 2, /lash back, gleam.
refundo, füdi, füs-, 3, pour back.
refü sus, a, um, overflowing, spread.
refüto, r, check, drive back, refute.
regalis, e, king!y; M., pl. princes.
regaliter, royally, lordly.
regelo, 1, £o thaw.
regenero, I, reproduce.
regero, gessi, gest-, 3, carry or
throw back, transcribe.
regia, ee, F., royal residence.
régie, royally, despotically.
régificus, a, um, regal, sumptuous.
Régillus; M., a lake in Latium,
where the Latins were defeated
by Postumius, B.C. 498.
regimen, inis, N., guidance, rule,
government, command, helm.
regina, ee, F., queen, princess.
regio, onis, F., [rego,] direction,
bound, region, province.
régius, a, um, kingly, magnificent.
regnator, Oris, M., ruler, sovereign.
regno, I, /o reign, rule, govern.
regnum, i, N., royalty, reign, king-
dom, despotic authority. E:
rego, xi, ct-, 3, rule, guide, direct.
regredior, gress-, 3, return, retire.
regressus, us, M., & return, retreat.
regula, ae, F., bar, rule, model.
régulus, i, M., prince or petty ruler.
Regulus, M. Atilius,a commander
in the 1st Punic War, &.C. 296.
reicio—rojicio, cast back.
rejectio, Onis, F., throwing out.
rejicio, jeci, ject- 3, cast away,
force back, reject, drive back.

161

rejiculus, a, um. worthless.
relabor, laps-, 3, fail or flow back.
relanguesco, gui, 3, slacken, relax.
relatio, onis, F.; -tus, üs, M,
bringing back, return, report.
relatus, [fero,] brought back.
relaxo, 1, loosen, widen, relieve.
relegatio, onis, F., banishment.
relego, 1, despatch, remove, banish.
re-lego, 5, gather or traverse again.
relevo, r1, lift, lighten, refresh.
relictio, onis, F., abandonment.
relictus, [-linquo,] /ef? ; F., widow.
religio, Onis, F., religion, pious
scruple, sacredness, oath.
religiosus, a, um, pious, scrupulous,
sacred, religious.
religo, I, bind, fasten (to shore).
relino, levi, 3, unseal, open.
relinquo, liqui, lict-, 3, leave be-
hind, abandon, forsake, neglect.
reliquiee, arum, F., remnant, relics.
reliquor, 1, be in arrears.
reliquus, a, um remaining, rest. of,
future; N., arrears of debt.
relligio—religio, religion.
reluceo, xi, 2 ; -cesco, 3, shine out.
reluctor, 1, /o struggle against.
re-maneo, 2, s(ay, remain, endure.
remansio, onis, F., abiding, stay.
remedium, i, N., remedy, relief.
remeligo, inis, F., hinderer.
remeo, I, (o return.
remeétior, mensus, 4, /o measure
back, traverse, repass.
remex, igis, M., oarsman.
remigium, i, N., rowing, oars, crew.
remigo, I, /o row.
remigro, I, to journey back.
reminiscor, 3, recall to mind.
remisse, gently, slackly.
remissio, onis, F., remilting, slack-
ening, flagging, laxity.
remissus, a, um, /oose, lax, gentle.
remitto, misi, miss-, 3, send back,
relaz, restore, yield, lull.
remolior, 4, move back.
remollesco, 3, grow soft, relax.
remollio, it-, 4, /o soften.
remora, ee, F., delay, hindrance.
remordeo, mors-, 2, vez, torment.

162

remoror, I, /o delay, tarry, defer.

remote, a! a distance.

remotus, [moveo,| distant, sepa-
rate, remote.

removeo, movi, mot-, 2, withdraw,
remove, set aside, put away.

remügio, 4, bellow back.

remulceo, si, sum, 2, droop, soothe.

remulcum, i, N. G& warp, tow-
rope.
remuneratio, onis, F., reward.

remüneror, I, /0 recompense.
remurmuro, I, murmur back.
remus, i, M., an oar.
Remus, i, twin br. of Romulus:
renarro, I, leli over, relate.
renascor, natus, 3, grow up again.
reneo, 2, unravel, undo.
renes, um (ium), M., kidneys.
renideo, 3, o shine, glimmer, smile.
renitor. 3, strive against.
reno, I, swim back.
reno, onis w., reindeer (?).
renodo, 1, loosen.
renovatio, onis, F., renewal.
renovo, I, renew, restore, revive.
renumero, I, count over.
renuntiatio, Onis, F., report.
renuntio (cio), t, bring back word,
report, retract, renounce, proclaim.
renuo, nui, 3, deny, refuse.
reor, rátus, to believe, suppose.
repagula, orum, w., bars, restraints.
repandus, a, um, * bent back, up-
turned.
reparabilis, e, recoverable.
reparco, 3, to spare, refrain.
reparo, I, recover, restore.
repastino, I, /o dig again, travel.
repedo, 1, retreat.
repello, puli, puls-, 3, push back,
drive away, reject, repel.
rependo, di, ns, 3, weigh or pay
back, recompense, requi:e.
repens, tis, sudden, recent.
repenso, I, counterbalance.
repente, suddenly.
repentinus, a, sudden, unexpected.
repercussus, us, M., reverberation.
repercutio, cussi, cuss-, 3, to atrike
back, resound, re-echo.

remoror — requietus.

reperio, peri, pert-,4, find, discover.
repertor, oris, M., discoverer.
repertus, iis, M., discovery.
repetitio, onis, F., claim, repetition.
repeto, ivi (ii) it, E^ attack: again,
fetch or call back, resume, repeat.
repetundee, arum, F., (res), /hings
claimed on charge of extortion.
repleo, evi, et-, 2, fil] up, satisfy.
repletus, a, um, full.
replicatio, onis, F., a. folding back,
reply.
replico, r1, fold back, revolve, reflect.
repo, psi, pt-, 5, /o creep, crawl.
repono, posui, sit-, 3, put. or bend
back, restore, lay by, substitute.
reporto, r, óring back, bear away.
reposoco, 3, demand or claim back.
repositorium, i, N., tray, deposit.
repositus (postus), distant.
repotia, orum, N., carouse.
repreesentatio, onis, F., ez/ibiting,
pay in cash.
repreesento, I, erhibit, represent,
pay down, do promptly.
reprehendo, di, sum, 3, (o seize,
check, blame.
reprehensio, Onis, F., check, biame.
represse, with restraint.
reprimo, pressi, press-, 3, check,
restrain, confine, repress.
reprobo, rt, disapprove, condemn.
re-promitto, 3, bind, pledge, in
return.
repto, I, /o creep, craul.
repudiatio,
repudio, 1, [pudet,] divorce, reject. '
repudium, i, N., act of divorce.
repuerasco, 3, be a boy again.
repugnans, tis, opposed, contrary.
repugnantia, ee, F., repugnance.
repugno, I, oppose, resist, disagree.
repulsa, ee, F., refusal, rejection.
repulsus, [ pello, | remote.
repulsus, üs. M., rebounding, echo.
repurgo, I, purif?, purge.
reputatio, Onis, F., reckoning.
reputo, r1, count over, reckon, think.
requies, etis, F., rest, repose.
requiesco, evi, et-, 3, find rest.
requietus, a, rested, refreshed.

requiro — retinaculum.

requiro, sivi (sii) sit-, 3, (o seek
again, ask, demand, require.
requisitum, i, N., à need.
res, réi, F., a (hing, fact, property,
advantage, cause, affair, case.
resarcio, sart-, 5, restore, patch up.
rescindo, scidi, sciss-, 3, cut
down or away, lay open, abolish.
rescio, 4; -scisco, 3, ascertain.
rescribo, psi, pt-, 5, reply in writ-
ing, give a decision Or rescript.
reseco, ui, ct-, I, cut loose, restrain.
resecro, I, znplore repeatedly.
reséda, ee, F., mignonette.
resero, I, unlock, disclose.
resero, sevi, 3, plant again.
reservo, I, keep back, save up.
reses, idis, remaining idle, stagnant.
resex, ecis, N., a branch, cut in.
resideo, sedi, 2, remain, stay be-
hind, abide, be idle.
resido, sedi, 3, seílle, subside.
residuus, a, um, remaining, out-
standing ; N. pl., arrears.
resigno, 1r, unseal, open, cancel.
resilio, ui, 4, spring back, recoil.
resimus, a, um, f/attened back.
resina, ee, F., resin, vosin.
resinosus, a, um, gummy, resinous.
resipio, 3, savor, smack, taste.
resipisco, ivi (ii) 3, recover senses.
resisto, stiti, 3, s(and, stay, oppose.
resolütio, onis, F., slackening.
resolütus, a, um, relaxed.
resolvo, vi, ütum, 3, /oosen, re-
lease, unbind, relax, annul.
résono, avi, I, resound, re-echo.
resonus, a, um, resounding.
resorbeo, 2, suck or swallow back.
Irespecto, r, io look back, wait,
have regard to.
respectus, üs, M., a looking back,
regard, consideration.
respergo, si, sum, 3, besprinkle.
respersio, Onis, F., sprinkling.
respiciens, tis, regardful, provident.
respicio, exi, ect-, 3, look back on,
regard, respect, consider.
respiratio, onis, F., breathing.
respiro, t, breathe back, take breath.
resplendeo, 2, t0 9 glitter.

168

respondeo, di, sum, 2, fo answer,
promise, give di ict accord.
responsio, onis, F., reply, refuta-
tton, response.
responso (-ito), t, reply, respond.
responsum, i, N., a reply, opinion.
res-publica ($ 14, li, 2) common-
wealth. :
respuo, ui, 5, spit back, reject.
restagno, I, overflow, lie under water.
restauro, I, restore, renew.
restibilis, e, restored, resown.
restinguo, nxi, nct-, 5, extinguish.
restipulor, r, (o engage in return.
restis, is, im (em), e, F., rope, cord.
restito, I, /oi'er.
réstituo, ui, ut-, 3, se! up again,
deliver back, restore, recall.
restitutio, Onis, F., restoring, re-
placing, reinstating.
resto, stiti, I, s/ay, remain, resist.
restricte, sparingly.
restrictus, a, um, sírict, stingy.
restringo, nxi, ct-, 3, draw back,
bind fast ; unfasten, disclose.
resulto, 1, /eap back, re-echo.
re-sum, esse, fui, remain, abide.
resumo, mpsi, mpt-, 5, take back,
resume, restore.
resupino, I, bend back, break down.
resupinus, a, um, bent backward,
on the back, negligent, slothful.
resurgo, rexi, rect-, 3, rise again.
resuscito, I, revive.
resütus, a, um, ripped open.
retardatio, onis, F., delay.
retardo, 1, (o hinder, delay.
rete, is, N., net, snare.
retego, xi, ct-, 3, uncover, lay bare.
retendo, Hi, (sum), tum, 35, unbend.
retentio, onis, F., Aolding back.
retento, 1, hold back; try again.
retentus, [tendo,] re/axed ; [tineo]
kept, retained.
retexo, xui, xt-, 3, unweave, annul;
weave over, repeat.
retiarius, i, M., a net-fighter.
reticentia, ee, F., silence.
reticeo, ui, 2, keep silent, conceal.
reticulum, i, N., a litile net, bag.
retinaculum, i, 'N., band, hawser.

164

retinens, tis, lenacious.

retineo, ui, tent-, 2, hold back,
check, preserve, maintain.

retorqueo, si, tum, 2, Auri back,
twist, wrap about.

retractatio, Onis, F., hesitation.

retractio, onis, F., wil/idrawal.

retracto, 1, Àandle again; with-
draw, refuse, retract.

retractus, a, um, remote.

retraho, xi, ct-, 3, withdraw, keep
or drag back.

retribuo, ui, üt-, 5, restore, repay.

retrimentum, i, N. dregs, sedi-
ment.

retro, backward, back, formerly.

retrorsum (-sus) retroversus,
backward.

retrudo, sum, 3, //hirust back.

retundo, tudi, tus, 3, to beat back,
blunt, check, restrain.

retusus (-tunsus), a, um, b/unted.

reus, i, M., rea, ee, F., one arraigned,
on trial ; defendant or debtor.

reveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry back.

revello, velli, vuls-, 5, (ear away.

revelo, i, unveil, disclose.

revenio, veni, vent-, 4, !o return.

revera, in fact.

reverendus, a, um, venerable.

reverens, tis, respectful.

reverentia, ee, F., respect, reverence.

revereor, itus, 2, (o stand in awe,
revere, regard, respect.

reversio, Onis, F., a turning back.

revertor (-to), sus, 3, to turn back,
revert, return.

revimentum, i, N., fringe.

revincio, nxi, nct-, 4, bind fast.

revinco, ci, ct-, 3, conquer, convict.

reviresco, rui, 3, /o grow green or
strong. again.

reviso, 3, look back on, return.

revivisco, vixi, 3, /o revive.

revocatio, onis, F., recalling.

revoco, I, call back, fetch back,
recall, revoke, regain, withhold.

revolo, r1, //j back.

revolvo, vi, üt-, 3, roll back, unfold,
repeat ; P., return.

revomo, ui, 35, disgorge.

retinens — rigor. :

revorto—-reverto, return.
revulsus, |revello,] torn away.
rex, regis, M., king, chief, tyrant.
Rhadamanthus, i, myth. brother
of Minos, a judge in Hades.
Rheetia—Reetia, 'yrol.
Rhamnusius, a, um, F., of Eham-
nus, a town of Attica.
Rhea Sylvia, mother of Romulus.
rheda, ee, F., carriage, chariot.
rhedarius, i, M., coachman.
Rheginus, a, um, of HRhegium, at
the southern point of Italy.
Rhenus, i, M., (he Eine, eastern
boundary of Gaul.
Rhesus, i, myth. prince of Thrace,
killed by Diomed and Ulysses.
Trhetor, óris, M., rhetorician, orator.
Trheétoricus, a, um, of a rhetori-
— cian ; F., rhetoric, oratory.
rhinoceros, Otis, M., rhinoceros.
Rhipeeus, a, um, Scythian ; M. pl.,
mts. of northern Scythia.
Rhodanus, i, M., (he Rhone, a river
of S. E. Gaul.
Rhodope, 6s, F., a mt. range of
Thrace ; -eius, a, um, 7'Aracian.
Rhodos, i, F., the island Ahodes,
S. W. from Asia Minor.
Rhoeteum, i, prom. at the mouth
of Hellespont, near Troy.
rhombus, i, M., magic circle, turbot.
rhompheea, ee, F., a barbaric jave-
lin.
1rhoncus, i, M., snore, sneer.
Trhüs, rhois, M., sumach.
T1rhythmos, i, M., harmony, rhythm.
rica, ae, F. ; -cinium, i, N., /ead-veil.
ricinus, i, N., sheep-tick.
rictus, üs, M., /he open mouth.
rideo, si, sum, 2, laugh (at), smile.
ridiculose, laughably.
ridiculosus, a, um, /aughable.
ridiculus, a, um, funny, ridiculous,
absurd ; M., jester ; N., jest.
rigens, tis, s////; rigid, frozen.
rigeo, ui, 2, to be stiff, numb.
rigesco, gui, 3, /o stiffen, harden.
rigidus, a, um, stif/, hard, stern.
rigo, I, (o water, moisten.
rigor, Oris, M., stiffness, numbness.

riguus — rumex.

riguus, a, um, irrigating, watered.

rima, ee, F., crack, chink, crevice.

rimor, I, (urn up, rummage, explore.

rimosus, a, um, full of cracks.

ringor, rict-, 5, snarl, show the teeth.

ripa, ee, F., river-bank.

riparius, a, um, on the bank.

triscus, i, M., trunk, chest.

risus, us, M., laughter.

rite, in due order.

ritus, üs, M., rile, custom, ceremony.

rivalis, e, of a bank ; M., rival ; pl.,
neighbors (on the same brook).

rivulus, i, N., rill.

rivus, i, N., sí(ream, brook, channel.

rixa, ee, F., quarrel, contest.

rixor, 1, wrangle, quarrel, conflict.

robiginosus, a, um, rusty.

robigo, inis, F., rust, müdew.

rOboreus, a, um, oaken.

rOboro, 1, (o strengthen.

rObur, Óris, N., knotty oak (trunk
or timber), bulk, strength, vigor.

robustus, a, um, oaken, firm.

.xodo, si, sum, 3, /o gnaw, corrode,
backbite.

rodus—raudus, lump.

rogatio, Onis, F., inquiring, pro-

.. posal (of a bill), request.

rogátor, Oris, M., proposer (of a law).

rogatus, us, M., request.

rogito, r1, ask eagerly, entreat.

rogo, I, ask, solicit (votes), pro-
pose (a law), vequest.

rogus, i, M., funeral pile.

Roma, ee, Atome, founded 5.C. 753.

Romanus, a, um, Aoman.

Romulus, i, the founder and first
k. of Rome, B.C. 753-717.

roràarii, orum, w., [ros, | scirmishers.

rOro, I, /o drop, trickle, bedew.

rOs, rOris, M., dew, moisture; ma-
rinus, rosemary.

rOSA, 86, F., & r'0s€.

rosárius, a, um, of roses; N.,rose-
bed or garden.

roscidus, a, um, dewy, wet.

rosétum, i, N., rose-bed.

roseus, a, um, of roses, full of
roses, TOS.

Rosea, ee, a town of N. E. Italy.

165

rosmarinus, i, M. (-um, N.), rose-.
mary.

rostra, orum, the orator's platform
in the Forum.

rostratus, a, um, armed or adorned
with. points, beaked.

rostrum, i, N., beak, bil, ships beak.

rosus, [rodo,] gnawn.

rota (-ula), ee, F., wheel, disk, chariot.

roto, I, to turn, whirl, revolve.

rotundo, 1, (o make round.

rotundus, a, um, round, well-turned.

rube-facio, 3, (o redden.

rubens, tis, red, blushing.

rubeo, bui, 2, to be red, blush.

ruber, bra, um, red : mare, the ted
Sea (Arabian and Persian Gulfs).

rubesco, bui, 3, /o grow red, blush.

rubéta, orum, N., brambles.

rubeus, a, üm, red ; of brambles.

Rubico, onis, M., a river of N. Ita-
ly, bounding Caesar's province.
rubidus (-cundus) a, um, ruddy.
rübigo—robigo, rust, blight.
rubor, Oris, M., redness, bluslf.
rubrica, ee, F., red earth or chalk.
rubrus—ruber, red.
rubus, i, M., óramble, blackberry.
ructo, r, (o belch.
ructus, üs, M., belching.
rüdectus, a, um, rubbishy, poor.
rudens, tis, M., rope, cord, cordage.
rudiarius, i, M., [rudis,] discharged
gladiator, presented with a rod.
rudimentum, i, N., at(empt, rudi-
ment, rude beginning.
rudis, e, raw, rude ; (as noun) brute.
rudis, is, F., a rod, fencing-foil.
rudo, ivi, it-, 3, (o roar, bray.
rüdus, eris, N., rubble, soil, rubbish.
rüfo, 1, (o dye or stain red.
rüfus (-ulus),a, um, red, red-haired.
rüga, ee, a wrinkle, crease.
rugitus, üs, M., roaring, rumbling.
rügo, I, (o crease, wrinkle.
rügosus, a, um, wrinkled, furrowed.
ruina, ee, ruin, downfall.
ruinosus, a, um, going lo ruin.
ruma, ee, F., — rumis, breast.
rümen, inis, N., t/roat.
rumex, icis, sorrel, a kind of dart.

166

rumifico, I, (o make report.

Ruminalis ficus, a fig-tree, where
Romulus was nursed by a wolf.

ruminor, I, chew the cud, ruminate.

rumis, is, F., breast.

rumor, oris, M., (alk, rumor, repute.

rumpo, rüpi, rupt-, 3, break, burst,
interrupt, destroy.

rumpus, i, M., vine-branch, runner.

rümusculus, i, M., gossip.

rüna, ee, F., dart.

runco, I, /o eed out, pluck.

runco, onis, M., « grub-hoe.

ruo, rui, rut- (ruit-), 5, to rush, fall,
hasten, cast down or forth.

rüpes, is, F., à rock, cliff.

rupex, icis, M., a boor, clown.

rüpina, ee, F., cleft, chasm.

ruptor, oris, breaker, violator.

ruptus, [rumpo,] broken.

rüralis, e, of the country.

rüricola, ee, C., rustic, tilling the soil.

rüro, I, /o live in the country.

rursus, backward, again.

rus, rüris, N., (he country; ruri,
in, and rüre, from the country.

ruscum, i, N., butcher's broom.

russus (-eus), a, um, red.

rusticanus, a, um, of rustics.

rusticatio, Onis, F., country life.

rustice, clownishly.

rusticitas, atis, F., tillage, rusticity,
the country folk.

rusticor, I, to live in the country.

rusticus, a, um, rural; M., « rustic.

rüta, ee, F., rue, bitterness.

rutabulum, i, N., fire-shovel.

rutilo, r, make reddish, glow with red.

rutilus, a, um, golden-red.

rutrum, i, N., spade, shovel.

Rutuli, orum, a people of Latium.

S.

Sabaeus, a, um, of Saba (Sheba),
in Arabia Felix.

sabbata, orum, N., Sebbath.

Sabellus — Sabinus, Sabine, of
the highlands east of Rome.

sabulo, onis, M., grav.

rumifico — sagitto.

sabulosus, a, um, gravelly.
saburra, ee, F., sand, ballast.
saburro, r1, /o load with ballast.
saccarius, a, um, laden with sacks.
Tsaccharon, i, N., cane-juice.
Sacco, I, to strain, filter.
sacculus, i, N., filtering-bag, purse.
saccus, i, M., sack, bag, wallet.
sacellum, i, N., shrine.
sacer, cra, crum, sacred, holy;
accursed ; N., a sacred thing or
act; pl, sacred vessels or rites.
sacerdos, otis, C., priest, priestess.
sacerdotium, i, N., priesthood.
sacramentum, i, N., pledge or de-
posit ; suit at law ; military oath.
sacrarium, i, N., s/rine, chapel.
sacratus, a, um, /;allowed, sacred.
sacricola, ee, C., officiating priest.
sacrificium, i, N., sacrifice.
sacrifico, I, /o offer sacrifice.
sacrificus, a, um, sacrificia.
sacrilegium, i, N. profünation,
sacrilege, violation of sacred things.
sacrilegus, a, um, sacrilegious, pro-
fane, impious.
Sacro, I, (o consecrate, devote.
sacrosanctus, a, um, inviolable.
sacrum, i, N., «a sacred thing.
seeclum—seculum, age.
seepe, often.
seepenumero, again and again.
Sscepes—sepes, /edge.
sceeta— seta, bristle.
seeve, seeviter, fiercely.
seevio, I, to rage, be fierce or violent.
seevitia, ee, F., rage, ferocity.
seevus, a, um, enraged, fierce, cruel.
saga, ee, F., fortune-teller.
sagacitas, atis, F., keenness, saga-
city, shrewdness.

sagaciter, shrewdly, keenly.

sagatus, a, um, cíad in a mantle.

sagax, acis, keen-scented, shrewd.

sagina, ee, F., feeding, cramming.

sagino, I, (o fatten, pamper, enrich.

sagitta, ee, F., arrow.

sagittarius, a, um, of arrows; M.,
archer.

sagittifer, fera, arrow-bearing.

sagitto, át-, I, (o shoot arrows.

sagma — sanitas.

sagma, ee, F., pack-sacdle.

sagum (-ulum), i, N., woollen man-
tle; a military cloak.

Saguntum, i, a town in Spain.

sagus, a, um, prophetic.

sal, salis, M., salt; the sea; pl. wit,
sarcasm.

Salacia, e, goddess of the Sea,
wife of Neptune.

Salamis, is, F., an I. near Athens,
where Xerxes.was def. B.C. 430.

salarius, a, um, of salt; N., salt-
money (soldier's pay).

salax, acis, [salio, | /ustful.

salebra, ee, F., a rugged way.

salebrosus, a, um, rugged, rough.

Salentinus, a, S. E. of Italy.

Salernum, i, N., a coast-town of
Picenum.

Saliaris, e, of the Salii.

salictum, i, N., willow-grove.

salientes, ium, pl., water-springs.

salignus, a, um, of willow.

Salii, orum, priests of Mars.

salinee, arum, F., salt-works.

salinum (-llum), i, N., sali-cellar.

salio, it-, 4, /o salt.

salio, ui, salt-, 4, /eap, jump.

saliunca, ee, F., wild nard.

saliva, ae, F., spit, slime, savor.

salix, icis, F., willow.

salmacidus, a, um, salt and sour.

Salmacis, idis, a clear fountain in
Caria ; the fountain-nymph.

Salmoneus, son of Sisyphus, who
vied with the thunderbolt of
Jupiter.

Salmonis, idis, Tyro, daughter of
Salmoneus.

salsamentum, i, N., brine.

salse, wiltily, keenly.

salsüra, ee, F., pickle, brine.

salsus, a, um, keen, witty, salt.

saltatio, Onis, F., dancing.

saltaátor, Oris, M.; -trix, icis, F.,
dancer.

saltem, a! least, anjhow.

salto, I, (o dance, exhibit or accom-
pani with dance. |

saltuarius, i, M., forester.

saltuatim, 5j leaps, skippingly.

167

saltuosus, a, um, well-wooded.

saltus, us, M., a leap, spring ; for-
est (with open spaces), glade.

salüber, bris, bre, /ealthful, sound,
well, serviceable.

salübritas, atis, F., Aealthfulness.

salubriter, wholesomely.

salum, i, N., open sea, the deep.

salus, ütis, F., health, safety, greet-
ing, salutation.

salutaris, e, healthful, saving (as
the letter A, for acquittal).

salütatio, Onis, F., greeting.

salütator, Oris, M., greeter, visitor.

salütifer (-ger) era, um, /ealtÀ-
bringing, salubrious.

salüto, I, keep safe, salute, wait on.

salve, well, in good case.

salve, hail / or farewell!

salveo, 2, be well (S 38, v.).

salvus, a, um, safe, sound.

sambiüica, ee, F., a shrill instrument.

sambiücus, i, F., elder-bush.

Same, es—Cephalenia.

Samnites, ium, people of Sam-
nium, an inland dist. of S. E.
Italy, conquered, B.C. 290.

. Samos, i, F., an I. near Ephesus.

sanàbilis, e, curable.

sanatio, onis, F., healing.

sancio, nxi, nct-, 4, ratif», sanction:

sancte, sacredly, scrupulously.

sanctimonia, ee, F., sanctilyy, purity.

sanctio, onis, F., ordaining.

sanctitas, atis, F., sacredness.

sanctus, a, um, sacred, venerable,
pious, just, pure.

sandalium, i, N., sandal, slipper.

sandapila, ae, F., a bier.

sandaraca, ee, F., a red dye-stuff.

sandix, icis, F., vermilion, scarlet.

sane, sensibly, soundly, truly, to be
sure, no doubt.

sanguinalis, e; -arius, a, um, of
blood, blood.

sanguineus (-olentus) a, um, of
blood, blood, blood-red.

sanguino, 1, /o bleed, run with blood.

sanguis, inis, M., b/ood, race, vigor.

sanies, em, e, F., bloody matter.

sanitas, atis, F., health, soundness.

168

Tsanna, ee, F., a mocking grimace.

sano, I, make sound, heal, allay.

santana, ee, F., borax.

sanus, a, um, sound, sane, discreet.

sapa, ee, F., thickened must.

Tsaperda, ee, F., herring.

sapidus, a, um, savory.

sapiens, tis, «ise, discreet, skilled.

sapienter, prudently, sensibly.

sapientia, ee, F., wisdom, good sense.

sapinus, i, F., fir-tree.

sapio, Ivi (ii) 4, taste or savor of,
have sense, understand.

sapo, onis, M., soap.

sapor, Oris, M., (aste, savor; dainty.

Sappho, üs, « poetess of. Lesbos.

sarcina, ee, F., package, burden.

sarcinarius, a, um, of baggage.

sarcio, si, tum, 4, (o patch, repair.

[sarcophagus, a, um, Jlesh-con-
suming ; M., sepulehre.

sarculum, i, N., « light hoe.

sarda (-ina), ee, F., sardine.

Sardanapalus, an effeminate king
of Assyria, d. b.c. 820.

Sardes (1s), ium, capital of Lydia.

Sardus, a, um, Sardinian.

Tsarissa, e, F., a long Macedo-
nian /ance.

Sarmatia, ee, south-western Rus-
sia.

sarmen, inis, N., brushwood.

sarmentum, i, N., faggot, fetscine.

Sarpeédon, ónis, son of Jupiter
and Europa, slain at Troy.

sarpo, ptum, 3, prune, trim.

Sarra, e, F., Tyre; -anus, a um,
T'yrian, purple.

sarracum, i, N., cart, waggon.

sarrio, ui (ivi), itum, 4, /o ^oc.

sarritor, Oris, M., weeder.

sartàago, inis, F., frying-pan.

sartor, Oris, M., botcher, mender.

sartus, [sarcio,] repaired.

sat— satis, enough, sufficient.

sata, orum, N., [sero,] crops.

satago, 3, have one's hands full, pay.

satelles, itis, C., attendant, accom-
plice; pl. escort.

satias (- etas), atis, F., a sufficiency,
satiety, disgust.

sanna — Soeszevola

satin, enough ?

satio, r1, fill, satiate, satisfy.

satio, Onis, F., [sero,] sowing.

satira—satura, medley.

satiricus, a, satirical.

satis, enough.

satis-facio, 35, give satisfaction.

satisfactio, Onis, F., salisfaction,
justification, v eparation.

satius, [satis,] better, rather.

sativus, a, um, [sero,] planted.

sator, Oris, M., sower, author, father.

satrapes, ee (-ps, is) M., « satrap
(royal governor), viceroy.

satrapea (Cia) ee, F., saírapy, pro-
vince.

satullus, a, um, satisfied, filled.

satur, ura, um, safed, full, abundant.

satura, ee, F., medley, satire.

satureia, ee, F., savory.

saturitas, atis, F., fuíness, satiety.

Saturnalia, orum, ibus, N., festi-
val of Saturn (Dec. 17).

Saturnius, a, um, of Saturn; M.,
Jupiter; F., Juno.

Saturnus, i, «., god of Husbandry.

saturo, r, fill, cloy, satiate.

satus, sero, |sown, planted ; M., son.

satus, üs, M., sowing, planting, stock.

satyrus,i, M., «n ape; satyr (goat-
footed wood-deities).

saucio, I, £o wound, hurt, stab.

saucius, a, um, wounded, hurt, sick.

savillum, i, N., cheese-cake.

savior—suavior, iss.

saxatilis, e, among rocks.

saxetum, i, N., rocky place.

saxeus (Osus), a, um, sony, rocky.

saxum, i, N., stone, rock, boulder.

scabellum, i, N., footstool.

scaber, bra, um, rough, scurfy.

scabies, ei, F., scurf, eruption.

scabiosus, a, um, scurfy.

scabo, bi, 3, /o scratch.

scabratus, a, um, jagged.

Scabritia, &e; -es, el, F., roughness.

Sceea porta, west gate of Troy.

sceena—-scena, síage.

sceevitas, atis, F., awkwardness.

Sceevola, ee, C. Mucius, who at-
tempted to kill Porsenna.

SCceevus — scoria.

sceevus, a, um, on the left, awkward,
unlucky ; F., omen.
scalee, arum, F., a flight of stairs,
ladder, scaling ladders in a siege.
scalmus, i, N., thole-pin.
| Scalpo, psi, pt-, 5, /o cut, scrape.
scalprum (-pellum,), i, N., knife.
scalptüra, ee, F., cutting, engraving.
scalpturio, 4, scratch (like a hen).
scambus, a, um, bandy-legged.
scamillus, i, M., little bench.
1scamma, atis, N., wrestling-
ground.
scamnum, i, N., stool, bench, ridge.
15candalum, i, N., stumbling-block.
scando, di, sum, 3, climb, mount.
scandula, ee, F., a shingle..
scansilis, e, (hat may be climbed.
1scapha, ee, F., boat, skiff.
1scaphium, i, N., basin, bowl.
scapulee, arum, F., s//oulder-blades,
shoulders.
1scápus, i, M., shaft, stem.
scarifico, I, scratch open.
1scarus, i, N., a sea-fish (wrasse ?).
| &catebra, ee, F., gushing-up.
scateo, 2; scatürio, 4, (o bubble,
gush, abound. ;
Tscaurus, a, um, wit], swollen an-
kles.
scelerate, wickedly.
sceleratus, a, um, criminal, wicked,
(| pernicious ; M., scoundrel.
scelero, r, pollute, desecrate.
scelerosus (scelestus) a, um,
wicked, abominable.
sceleste, wickedly.
scelus, eris, N., crime, fault, mis-
fortune; rascal.
1scena, ee, s/age (of theatre).
1scenicus, a, um, of the stage, the-
atrical, fictitious ; M., actor.
tsceptrum, i, N., sceptre, dominion.
1 scheda, ee, F., strip of papyrus.
Tschedius, a, um, off-hand.
Tschéma, &tis, N., shape, fashion.
Tschistos, a, on, cleft.
1schoenus, i, M. ; -um, N., a rush.
1schola, ee, F., leisure, school, sect.
1scholasticus, a, um, o/ the schools ;
M., pedant, rhetorician.

169

Scibilis, e, bnowable.

sciens, tis, knowing, skilled.

scienter, knowingly.

scientia, ee, F., knowledge, skill.

scilicet, plainly, no doubt, surely.

scilla, ee, F., sea-onion, squill.
scin—scisne, Lnowst ?

scindo, scidi, sciss-, 3, /o cul,
break, part, rend, split.

scintilla, ee, F., a spark, glimmer.

scintillo, rt, sparkle.

Scio, 4, know, understand ; ordain.

Scipio, Onis, M., s/aff.

Scipio, onis, a noble family-name,
including the two conquerors of
Carthage.

Sciron, onis, a robber of Attica,
slain by Theseus.

scirpeus (-iculus) a, um, of
rushes ; F., basket-work.

scirpo, r, /o plait of rushes.

scirpus, i, bulrush, riddle.

sciscitor, I, inquire, examine.
scisco, sclvi, Scit-, 3, (o search,
enact.

. 8cissilis, e, cleavable, rent.

scissüra, ee, F., a rent, cleft.
scissus, [scindo,] split, cloven.
scitamenta, orum, N., delicacies. |
scite, skilfully, elegantly.
Scitor, I, ask, inquire.
scitulus, a, um, pretty, elegant.
scitus, [scisco,] shrewd, skilful,
sensible, eloquent. :
Tsciurus, i, M., a squirrel.
scitum, i, N.; -tus, üs, M., decree,
ordinance.
scius, a, um, knowing.
scobina, ee, F., a rasp.
scobis (bs), F., sawdust, filings.
Tscolopax, ácis, M., woodcock.
tscomber, bri, M., mackerel (?).
tscomma, atis, N., scoff, (aunt.
SscOpee, árum, F., twigs, brooims.
scopio, Onis, M., grape-stalk.
tscopos, i, M., mark, aim.
scopulosus, a, um, rocky, craggy.
tscopulus, i, N., a rock, crag, cliff.
scopus, i, M., stem, stalk.
scordalus, i, M., wrangler, brawler.
scoria, ee, F., dross, slag.

170

scorpio, Onis, M., scorpion.

scorteus, a, um, of leather.

scortum, i, N., skin ; a harlot, aban-
doned woman.

Scóti, orum, people of Scotland.

screo, I, (o hawk, hem.

Scriba, ee, M., clerk, scribe.

scribo, psi, pt-, 3, /o write, enroll.

scrinium, i, N., desk, book, chest.

scriptio, Onis, F., wriling, compo-
sition.

scriptito, I, write frequently.

scriptor, Oris, M., «riter, author.

Scriptum, i, N., a wriling, edict.

scriptura, &ee, F., wriling, compo-
sition.

scriptus, [scribo,] written.

scrobis (bs), D., ditch, trench, dike.

scrofa, ee, F. v Sow. .

scrüpeus (-Osus) a, um, sharp,
rough, steep.

scrüpulosus, a, um, Jagged, anz-
ious, exact.

scrupulus, i M. (4 of oz, &c.),
anziety, scruple.

scrüpus, i, M., à rough stone, anzi-.
ety, solicitude. :

scruta, orum, N., (rash.

scrutator, Oris, M., investigator.

scrütor, t, /o search, examine.

sculpo, psi, pt-, 3, carve, engrave.

sculponeee, arum, F., ?00den clog.

sculptilis, e, carved.

sculptor, oris, M., carver.

Sculptüra, ee, F., engraving.

scurra, ee, M., à dandy, buffoon.

scurrilis, e, scurrilous, jesting.

scurror, t, play the buffoon.

scüutale, is, N., ong (of sling).

scutarius, i, N., shie!d-maker.

scütatus, a, um, armed with shield.

scutella, ee, F., (ray, waiter.

scutica, ee, F., lash, whip.

scutra (-tula), ee, F., dish, tray.

15cutula, ee, F., rod, roller.

scütum (-ulum), i, N., a long shield
(of boards and leather).

Scylia, e, a rock near Sicily;
myth. d. of Phorcys, changed
to a sea-monster ; also, d. of
Nisus, k. of Megara.

scorpio — secundo.

Tscyphus, i, M., cup, goblet.

Scyros, i, an island near Euboea.

Scythee, arum, Seyihians, people
of Russia and Tartary.

se (sui), himse/f, &c. (S 19, r1.).

[se-(s&d-), without, aside; also, half.

Sebethis, F., of Sebethos (a stream
near Naples).

sebosus, a, um, greasy.

sebum, i, N., (allow, grease.

secedo, cessi, cess-, 3, willidraw,
secede, revolt, dissent.

. Secerno, crévi, cret-, 5, put apart,

separate, distinguish.

secessio, Onis, F., withdrawal, in-
surrection, secession.

secessus, üs, M., withdrawal, retire-
ment, solitude. j

secius, [secus,] less.

secludo, si, sum, 3, shut off, seclude,
separate, confine, exclude.

seclum—seculum, ae.

seclusus, a, um, remote, apart.

Seco, ui, sect-, I, cul, wound, divide.

secordia—socordia, slot.

secretarium, i, N., «a secret place,
council-chamber.

secreétio, Onis, F., separation.

secreto (-te), apart, secretly.

secretus, [secerno,] retired, hid-
den, secret; N., secret place.

secta, ee, F., a beaten path, sect.

sectarius, a, um, [seco,] mutilated.

sectator, Oris, M., follower, parti-
san ; pl., retinue, escort.

sectilis, e, cut, divided.

sectio, onis, F., cutting, dividing.

sector, Oris, M., culter, divider,
purchaser at public sale.

sector, r, follow eagerly.

sectüra, ee, F., cutting; pl., mines.

sectus, [seco,] cut.

secubo, ui, r, (o lie alone.

secularis, e, of the seculum, secular.

seculum, i, N., race, breed, genera-
tion, age, century.

secum, [sui,] with hinself.

secundani, of (he 2d legion.

secundarius, a, um, second-rate.

secunde, favorably..

secundo, secondly, à second time.

secundo — semis. ! 171

secundo, r, direct favorably, adjust.

secundum, affer, next, according to.

secundus, a, um, [sequor, ] follow-
ing, next, favorable, propitious ; se-
cundo flumine, down stream.

secure, /ieedlessly, fearlessly.

securicula, ee, F., Aatchet.

securis, is, F., axe, hatchet, death-
blow, dominion. j

securitas, tatis, F., safety, uncon-
cern, negligence.

securus, a, um, [cüra,] /ree of
care, easy, careless, safe.

secus, otherwise, ill, beside.

secütor, oris, M., follower.

sed (set), but.

sedate, calmly.

sedatio, onis, F., calming.

sedatus, [sedo,] calm, sedate.

sedecies, 16 times.

sedecim, sixteen.

sedecula, ee, F., a low stool.

sedentarius, a, um, si/fing.

sedeo, sedi, sess-, 2, sil, continue,
settle, subside, stay fast.

sedes, is, F., a seat, foundation.

sedile, is, N., «a seat, chair.

seditio, onis, F., sedition, discord.

seditiose, seditiously.

seditiosus, a, um, /actious, sedi-
lious, quarrelsome.

sedo, 1, to settle, allay, calm.

sedüco, xi, ct-, 5, lead apart, with-
draw, avert, mislead.

seductio, onis, F., taking aside.

seductor, Oris, M., misleader.

seductus, a, um, remote, loft.

sedulitas, atis, F., zeal, diligence.

sedulo, diligently, on purpose.

sedulus, a, um, busy, diligent.

sedum, i, N., Aouseleek.

seges, etis, F., cornfield, standing
corn, soil, crop, produce.

Segesta, ee, F., a city of N. Sicily.

segestra (-tria), ee, F. ; -tre, is, N.,

. rapper (of straw).

egmen, inis; -tum, i, N., [seco,]

strip, slice.

egmentatus, a, um, irimmed.

egnis, e, slow, slothful.

egniter, slowly, lazily.

segnitia, ce, F.; -6s, em, e, sioth,
indolence.

segrego, r, [grex] set apart.

sejugatus, a, um, apart.

sejugis, is, M., a siz-horse team.

sejungo, nxi, nct-, 3, part, disjoin,
separate.

Sejanus, an officer of Tiberius.

selectio, Onis, r., choosing.

selectus, [seligo,] cAosen.

Seleucus, i, a general of Alexan-
der, king of Syria, B.c. 280.

selibra, ee, F., half-pound.

seligo, legi, lect-, 5, (o separate,
call out, select.

sella (-ula), ee, F., seat, chair, saddle.

sellaria, ee, F., sitting-room.

sellisternia, orum, N., banquets
to female deities.

semanimis, e, Zal/-alive.

semel, once, once for all, the first
time, at any time.

Semele, es, daughter of Cadmus,
mother of Bacchus.

semen, inis, N., [sero,] seed, scion,
posterity, origin or element.

sementifer, era, um, seed-bearing.

sementis, is, F., sowing, seed-time.

sementivus, a, um, of seed-time.

semestris, 5, /alf-yearly.

semesus, [edo,] Aalf-eaten.

semet, himself.

semi-, Aalf.

semianimis, e; -us, a, um, half-
alive. ; :

semideus, a, um, Aalf-divine.

semiermis, e, Aalf-armed.

semifer, era, um, Aalf- beast, savage.

semihomo, inis, N., half-man.

seminarius, a, um, [s&men,] of
Seed ; N., nursery, seminary.

seminator, Oris, M., author.

seminecis (gen.), half-dead.

seminium, i, N., stock, breed.

semino, I, sow, beget, produce.

semipes, pedis, M., hal/f-foot.

semiputatus, a, um, Aaif-pruned.

Semiramis, is (idis) queen of
Assyria, B.C. 1225?

semirutus, a, um, Aalf-demolished.

semis, issis, half, 6 per cent.

172

semisomnus, a, um, Aa/f asleep.
semita, ee, F., footpath, by-way.
. semitalis, e; -arius, a, um, of paths.
semiustulatus, a, um, Aalf-burnt.
semiustus, [uro, | b/asted, scorched.
semivir, i, M., half-man, effeminate.
semivivus, a, um, Aalf-alive.
semivocalis, e, Aa/f-vocal (as cat-
tle), not quite dumb.
seémotus, a, um, distant.
86-moveo, 2, (o put aside.
semper, always.
sempiternus, a, um, everlasting.
semuncia, ee, F., half-ounce, trifle.
senaculum, i, N,, council-Aall.
senarius, a, um, of six each.
senator, Oris, M., senator.
senatorius, a, um, of the senate.
senatus, üs (i) M., Senate (coun-
cil of elders), or heads of the
patrician order.
senaátusconsultum, i, N., decree
of the Senate.

Seneca, e, M., à Stoic writer in
the time of N ero, A.D. 3-65.
senecta, ee; -tus, ütis, F., old age.

senectus, a, um, old.

senesco, senui, 5, grow old, decay.

senex, senis, old; M., old man.

seni, ee, a, siz each, six.

senideni, sixteen each.

senilis, e, aged.

senior, us, older, elder.

senium, i, N., old age, decay, grief.

sensibilis, e, perceptible.

sensilis, e, endowed with sensation.

sensim, gradually, slowly.

sensus, üs, M., [sentio,] feeling,
perception, sense, meaning.

sententia, e, F., opinion, purpose,
sentence, sense.

sententiosus, a, um, full of. sense
or pith.

senticetum, i, N., brier-thicket.

senticosus, a, um, //Aorny, briery.

sentina, ee, F., bilgewater, dregs.

sentino, I, /o bale out a ship.

sentio, sensi, sens-, 3, perceive,
feel, think, suppose, decide.

sentis, is, M., (horn, brier.

sentus (-Osus), a, um, rough.

semisomnus — sequestro.

seorsum, separately, by itself. .
Seorsus, a, um, separate.
separ, páris, separate.
separatim, apart, separately.
separatio, onis, F., separation.
separatus, a, um, separate, distinct.
separo, 1, /o part, separate.
sepelio, ivi (ii) pult-, 4, to bury.
sepes, is, F., hedge, fence.
Tsepia, ee, F., cuttle-fish.
sepimen, inis, N., fence, enclosure.
sepio, psi, pt-, 4, to hedge, fence.
sepono, posui, posit-, 3, (o put
aside, cull out, withdraw, banish.
sepositus, a, um, distant, choice.
seps, sepis, a venomous serpent.
sepse, one's self.
septem, seven.
September, bris, M., September.
septemdecim, seventeen.
septemgeminus, a, um; -plex,
plicis, seven-fold.
septemtrio, Onis, M.,
Bear, north.
septemvíri, orum, N., Board of
Seven (for dividing lands, &c.).
septendecim, seventeen.
septeni, ee, a, seven each.
septies (ens), seven times.
septimanus, a, um, of the seventh.
Septimontium, i, N., circuit of the
seven hills of Rome.
septimus, a, um, seventh; N., for |
the seventh time. |
septingeni, ee, a, 700 each.
septingenti, ee, a, seven hundred.
septuageni, seventy each.
septuágeésimus, a, um, seventieth.
septuaginta, seventy.
septuennis, e, of seven years.
septum, i, N. ; [sepio;] an enclosure.
septunx, uncis, M., seven-twelfihs.
sepulcrum, i, N., tomb, grave.
sepultüra, ee, F., bur ial.
sepultus, [sepelio,] buried.
Sequana, ee, F., (he Seine.
sequax, acis, close: . following, ductile.
sequela, ee, F., consequence.
sequester, tris, M , trustee, agent.
sequestro, I, give for safe-keeping, |
remove, put aside. |

the Polar

sequior — sexagesimus.

sequior, us, inferior.

sequor, cütus, 3, follow, pursue.

Ser, the praenomen Servius.

sera, ee, F., bar (for fastening).

Serapis, is (idis) an Egyptian
divinity.

serenitas, atis, F., clear weather,
fairness, serenity.

sereno, I, /o make clear or calm.

serenus, a, um, clear, bright, calm,
cheerful ; N., clear sky.

Seres, um, /e Chinese.

seria, ee, F., a large jar.

sericus, a, um, Chinese, silken; N.
pl, silk dresses.

series, em, e, F., succession, lineage.

serio, in earnest.

serius, a, um, grace, earnest.

Seriphus,i,a small I. of the /Egean.

seritas, atis, F., ateness.

sermo, Onis, M., (alk, discourse, re-
port, style (of language).

sermocinor, 1, /o talk, discuss.

sermunculus, i, M., (alk, tattle.
sero, sévi, sat-, 5, sow, plant, beget.
sero, ui, sert-, 5, bind, weave.
sero, late, too late.

ser5tinus, a, um, late, backward.

serpens, tis, F., a serpent.

serpentinus, a, um, snaky.
serperastra, orum, N., splints.
serpo, psi, pt-, 3, to creep, crawl.
serpyllum, i, N., wild thyme.
serra, ae, F., & saw, saw-fish.
serrágo, inis, F., sawdust.
serrátus, a, um, saw-shaped. »

Serro, I, (o sqw in. pieces.

serta, e, F., garland.

Sertorius, i an officer of Marius,
who held Spain against Sulla
till B.c. 73.

sertum, i, N., garland, wreath.

serum, i, N., they.

serus, a, um, /ate, too late.

serva, ee, F., female slave.

servàábilis, e, (hat can be saved.

sérvans, tis, careful.

servator, Oris, M.;
observer, preserver.

servilis, e, s/avish, servile.

serviliter, slavishly.

-trix, icis, F.,

173

servio, 4, to be a slave, serve, be
devoted to, care for.

servitium, i, N., slavery, servitude,
subjection, the slave-class.

servitritius, galled by service.

servitudo, inis; -tus, tütis, F.,
slavery, servitude.

Servius Tullius, the sixth king
of Rome; B.C. 578—534.

Servo, I, to preserve, save, protect,
heed, observe;

servula, ee, F., servant-girl.

servus (os), i, M., síave, servant.

servus, a, um, servile, subject, liable
to burdens.

T1sesamum, i, N., sesame.

sescuncia, ee, F. (13 0z.), one-eighth.

sescuplus—sesquiplus, a, um;
-plex, plicis, /a/f as much again.

sesqui-, once and a half.

sesquipedalis, e; -pes, pedis, of
a foot and a Aalf.

sessilis, *" for sitting ; spreading,
low.

sessio, onis, F., seat, sitting.

sessor, Oris, M., silter, dweller.

sestertium, i, N., —1,000 sesterces,
(about $40); decies sestertium,
1,000,000 ($40,000) ; 23 feet deep.

sestertius, i M. (21) a4 sesterce,
—4A cts. (see $ 83).

Sestos, i, F., a Thracian town on
the Hellespont.

set—sed, but.

seta, ee, F., stiff hair, bristle,

setania, e, F.; -um, i, N., medlar
(a fruit).

setiger, gera, um ; -osus, bristly.

seu—sive, or, whether.

severe, austerely.

severitas, atis,
ness, austerity.

severus, a, um, grave, serious, aus-
tere, stern, severe.

sevir, viri, M., of a Board of six.

sevoco, 1, call aside, withdraw.

sevum--sebum, (allow.

Sex. the praenomen Sextus.

sex, six.

sexageni, ee, a, sixty each.

sexagesimus, a, um, sitieth.

F., gravity, stern-

174

sexagies (-gesies), sixty times.

sexaginta, sixty.

sexcenarius, a, um, of 6oo.

sexceni, ee, a, 600 each.

sexcenti, ee, a, 600, a vast number.

sexcenties, 60o times.

sexdecim, sixteen.

sexennis, e, of six years.

sexennium, i, N., six years.

sexies, six times.

sextans, tis, M. ($ of as), farthing.

sextarius,i, N. (1 of congius), pint.

Sextilis, is, M. ; August.

sextus, a, um, sixth; N.,
time.

sexus, üs, M., sex.

si, if, whether ; quod si, but if.

sibi, [sui,] for one's self.

sibilo, r, to Aiss, whistle.

sibilus, i M.; pl. a, N., a iss.

sibilus, a, um, Aissing, whistling.

Sibylla, ee, F., sibyl, prophetess.

81C, s0, thus, s0 much.

S1Ca, e, F., dagger.

Sicanus, a, um, Sicilian; Sicanian
(ancient Italian).

sicarius, i, M., stabber, assassin.

siccanus (-eus), a, um, dry.

siccarius, a, um, for drying.

sicce (sic), so, thus.

siccine, so? thus?

siccitas, atis, F., dryness, drought.

sicco, I, to dry, dry up.

siccus, a, um, dry, thirsty, firm; N.,
dry ground.

Sicelis, idis, F., Sicilian, osi.

Sicheeus, i, the husband of Dido.

Sicilia, ee, Sicily.

sicilicula, ee, F., small sickle.

sicilicus, i, M., 1. of as, foot, &c.

Siciliensis, e, Sicilian.

sicilimenta, orum, w., aftermath.

sicilio, 4, cut with sickle.

sicilis, is, F., sickle.

sicubi, if anywhere.

Siculus, a, um, Sicilian; pl, an
ancient people of Italy.

sicunde, if from anywhere.

sic-ut (uti), so as, just as, as if.

Sicyon, onis, F., a town of N.
Peloponnesus.

the sixth

sexagies — simia.

sidereus, a, um; -àlis, e, of the
stars, starry, divine.

sideror, 1, (o be sun-struck.

sido, sidi, 3, si!, seille, sit fast.

Sidonius, a, um, of Sidon (Pho-
nicia or Carthage).

sidus, eris, N., star, group of stars,
sky, climate.

siem—sim, may be. .

Sigeus, a, um, of. Sigeum (a pro-
montory near Troy).

sigilla, orum, w., small figures, seal.

Sigillaria, orum, feast of images
(in the Saturnalia).

sigillatus, a, um, figured.

signaátor, Oris, N., wiíness to a will.

signatus, a, um, sealed, guarded.

signifer, era, um, image-bearing,
starry ; M., standard-bearer.

significatio, onis, F., mark, token,
applause, sign, meaning.

significatus, us, M., sign, token.

significo, t, betoken, portend, mean.

signo, rt, mark, designate, stamp, seal.

signum, i, N., mark, sign, standard,
statue, signal, image, constellátion.

sil, silis, N., yellow ochre.

Sila, e, F., a pitch-forest in the
south of Italy.

silens, tis, still, silent.

silenter, silently.

silentiosus, a, um, perfecily still.

silentium, i, N., silence, quiet, repose.

Silenus, i, attendant of Bacchus.

sileo, ui, 2, io be still, silent.

siler, eris, N., water-willow.

silesco, 3, to grow still.

silex, icis, D., flint, crag.

silicernium, i, N., funeral-feast.

siliceus, a, um, /linty.

siligineus, a, um, w/eaten.

siligo, inis, F., white winter wheat.

siliqua, ee, F., pod, husk.

silus, a, um, pug-nosed.

silva, ee, F., a wood, forest, grove.

Silvanus, i the god of Forests.

silvaticus, a, um,.of the forest.

silvester, tris, e, of forest or wood.

silvicola, ee, C., dwelling in woods.

silvosus, a, um, full of trees.

simia, ee, F., ape.

"ginguli, e, a

simila — smilax.

simila, ee, F., fine flour.

similis, e, /ike, similar.

similitudo, inis, F., likeness, simile.

similo—simulo, /iken.

simitu, /ogether, at once.

simius (-olus), i, M., ape.

simo, I, f/atten, press flat.

Simois, entis, M., a river of Troy.

simplex, icis, simple, plain, frank.

simplicitas, atis, F., simplicity, art-
lessness, frankness, honesty.

simpliciter, simply, directly.

simplus, a, um, simple.

simpulum, i, N., a small ladle.

simul, a/ (he same time; simul at-
que or ac, às soon as.

simulacrum, i, N., likeness, image.

simulans, tis, Sonata iot.

simulanter (-àte), pretendedly.

simulatio, Onis, F., feigning, pre-
tence, deceit.

simulator, Oris, M., deceiver.

simulatque, as soon as.

simulo, t, feign, pretend, copy.

simultas, atis, F., strife, quarrel.

simus (-ulus), a, um, /f/at-nosed.

sin, but if.

Tsinàpi, is, N., mustard.

. Sincere, uprightiy, frankly.

sinceritas, atis, F., soundness, in-
tegr ity, sincerity.

sincérus, a, um, sound, genuine.

sinciput, itis, N., half-head, cheek
(of pork), head.

1sindon, ónis, N., muslin.

sine, without.

singillatim, one bj one.

singularis, e, singular, unique.

singuláritas, atis, F., singleness.

singulariter, singly, exceedingly.

singularius, a, um, single.

singulatim (-gultim), one 55 one.

a, single, one to each.

singultio, 4, o hiccup, cluck.

singulto, r, /o gasp, hiccup.

singultus, üs, M., sobbing, gasping.

Sinis, is, a robber of Corinth, slain
by Theseus.

sinister, tra, um, left, on the left,
awkward, unlucky ; (in auspices,
sometimes), auspicious.

175

sinistra, ee, F., (he left hand.

sinistrorsus, towards the left.

sino, sivi, sit-, 3 permit.

Sinope, es, F., a town on the south
shore of the Black Sea.

sinuamen, inis, N. ; -átio, Onis, F.,
turning, winding.

Sinuessa, ee, F., a Latin colony in
Campania.

sinum, i, N., bowl.

sinuo, I, fo bend, swell, bulge.

sinuosus, a, um, winding, bending.

sinus, üs, 4, bending, curve, fold,
bosom, gulf.

siparium, i, N., s/age curtain.

1 sipho, onis, M., siphon, tube.

Sipontum, i, a port of Apulia.

Sipylus,i,M., a mountain of Lydia.

siqua, if by any way.

siquando, if ever.

siquidem, since.

siquis, siqua ($ 22, iii), 7f any.

siremps (similis reipsa), very like.

Sirenes, um, F., /he Sirens, myth.
monsters, half-bird, half-maiden.

siris, sirit, sirint, [sino,] may let.

Sirius, i, M., (he dog-star.

sirpus—scirpus, bulrush.

Tsirus, i, M., corn-pit.

sis, [sum,] may be; [si vis,] if thou
will (S 37, i.).

sisara, ee, F., leath, sweet broom.

sisto, stiti, 'stat-, 3, to. set, place,
arrest, set fast, stay, endure.

tsistrum, i, N., gong (?).

Sisyphus, i, myth. k. of Corinth.

Tsitanius, a, um, //is year's.

sitella, ee, F., urn, for drawing lots.

Sithonius, a, um, 7'racian.

siticulosus, a, um, /Airsty, parched.

sitiens, tis, /Airsty, parched, greedy.

sitio, 4, to thirst, thirst for.

sitis, is, im, i, F., thirst, drought.

Tsittace, es, F. , par rot.

situla, ee, F., bucket.

situs, [sino,] set, situated.

situs, üs, M., situation, position ; ;
dust, rust.

sive (seu), or if, whether, or.

T smaragdus, i, C., emerald, jasper.

T5milax, acis, F., "bindweed.

176

Tsmyrna, ee, F. , myrrh.

Smyrna, e, F., a city on the west-
ern coast of "Asia Minor.

" Soboles—suboles, offspring.

sobrie, soberly, prudently.

sobrietas, atis, F., moderation.

sobrinus, i, M.; -a, &e, F., cousin.

sobrius, a, um, sober, temperate,
prudent.

soccus (-ulus), i, M., sock, slipper.

socer, eri, M., father-in-law.

SOcia, ae, F., partner, companion.

socialis, e, of. companions or allies.

sociennus, i, N., comrade.

societas, átis, F., companionship,
partnership, alliance.

socio, r, to league, share, unite.

socius, i M., companion, partner,
ally, confederate.

socordia, ee, F., dulness, sloth.

SOcors, dis, foolish, stupid, sloth ful,
negligent.

Socrates, is, a philosopher of
Athens, B.C. 470—400.

socrus, üs, F., mother-in-law.

sodalicium, i, N., association, fel-
lowship, club.

sodalis, is, M., comrade, companion.

sodalitas, atis, F., fellowship, club.

sodes (si audes), an thou will.

801, solis, M., (he sun, day, daylight.

solamen, inis, N., comfort, solace.

solanum, i, N., nightshade.

solaris, e, of the sun.

solarium, i, N., sundial, balcony. .

solatium, i, N., relief, consolation,
comfort, solace.

solator, Oris, M., comforter.

solatus, a, um, sunburnt.

soldürii, orum, M., retainers.

soldus—solidus, firm.

solea, ae, F., sole, sandal.

solearius, i, M., sandal-maker.

soleatus, a, um, wearing sandals.

solemnis,—sollennis, accustomed,
solemn, established.

soleo, itug, 2, be wont.

solers— sollers, skilled.

solide, densely, closely, fully.

soliditas, atis, F., firmness, solidity.

solido, r, /o fasten, make firm.

smyrna —- sonorus.

solidus, a, um, dense, firm, solid,
complete, genuine ; N., firm ground.
solipuga, ee, F., a venomous insect.
solitarius, a, um, lonely.
solitas, atis; -tuüdo, inis, F., soli-
tude, wilderness, destitution, -
solitus, [soleo,] wonted.
solium, i, N., seat, throne, dominion.
solivagus, a, um, roving alone.
sollennis, e, stated, festive, solemn,
customary ; N., a sacred festival.
sollenniter, solemnly, formally.
sollers, tis, skilled, intelligent.
sollertia, ee, F., skill, ezpertness.
sollicitatio, onis, F., instigation.
sollicite, anziously.
sollicito, I, move, stir, excite.
s ue inis, F., anziety.
sollicitus, a, um, disturbed, anxious.
solo, I I, fo lay waste, make desolate.

Solon, onis, the legislator of
Athens; Archon, B.C. 594.
solor, 1, (o comfort, console.
solox, cis, harsh, coarse, bristly.
solpüga—solipüga, an insect.
solstitialis, e of. midsummer.
solstitium, i, N., solstice.
solum, i, N., ground, foundation.
solum, only, merely.
solus, a, um, ius, a/one, only, lonely.
solute, easily, carelessly.
solutio, onis, F., /oosening, pag-
ment, dissolving, solution.
solutus, [solvo | /oose, light.
solvo, vi, üt-, 3, /loosen, dissolve,
cast off (from shore), pay, explain,
dispel, release. — :
somniculosus, a, um, drowsy.
somnifer, era, um, soporific.
somnio, 1, io dream.
somnium, i, N., a dream.
somnulentus, a, um, drowsy.
somnus, i, M., sleep, night.
sonans, tis, noisy, resounding.
sonipes, pedis, loud-footed (steed).
sonitus, üs, M., sound, noise.
sono, ui, it-, t, (o sound, speak, boast.
sonor, Oris, N., noise, din.
sonorus, a, um, noisy, loud.

sons — speculum. 177

sons, tis, guilty, hurtful.

sonticus, a, um, dangerous.

sonus, i, M., noise, sound.

Tsophistes, ee, M., « sophist.

Sophocles, is, an Attic tragedian,
B.C. 495—405.

1sophos (us), i, sage, shrewd.

sOpio, 4, (o soothe, lull, put to sleep.

sopor, Oris, M., opium, opiate, stu-
por, lethargy.

soporifer, era, um, sleep-bringing.

soporo, I, put to sleep.

soporus, a, um, causing sleep.

Soracte, is, N., 4 mt. in Etruria.

Tsoracum, i, N., pannier.

sorbeo, ui, 2, suck in, swallow.

sorbillo, 1, /o sip.

sorbilo, sippingly.

sorbitio, onis, F., draught, potion.

sorbum, i, N. service-berry.

sordeo, 2, to be foul, sordid, dirty.

sordes, is, F., dirt, squalor, mourn-
ing, meanness, rabble.

sordesco, dui, 3, /o grow dirty.

sordidatus, a, um, in s/iabby clothes.

sordide, foully, meanly.

sordido, r, pol/lute.

sordidus, a, um, foul, sordid, squa-
lid, base.

sorex, icis, N., slirew-mouse.

soror, Oris, F., sister.

sorosius, a, um, of sisters.

SOrS, tis, F., lol, chance, destiny, cap-
ital (at interest) ; pl. prophecy.

sorsum-—-seorsum, apart.

sortilegus, a, um, prophetic.

sortior, 4, cast lots, allot, distribute,
obtain, select.

sortitio, onis, F., al/lotment.

sortito, 5 fate.

sortitus, üs, M., allotment.

sospes itis, saving, safe, fortunate.

sospitalis, e, giving safety.

. sospito, I, protect.

Sp. the praenomen Spurius.

fspádix, icis, C., « palm-branch
(with fruit) ; adj., chestnut-color.

1spado, onis, M., eunuch.

Spargo, si, sum, 3, sírew, scalter,
spread, extend.

sparsim, scattered.

sparsio, onis, F., sprinkling.

sparsus, [spargo,] scattered.

Sparta, ee, F., a city of S. Greece.

Spartácus, i, leader of a revolt of
gladiators, defeated B.C. 71.

Spartanus (-iacus, -icus), a, um,
Spartan.

sparteus, a, um, of broom.

1 Spartiates, ee, « Spartan.

spartum, i, M., Spanish broom.

sparus, i, M., a hunting-spear.

Tspatha, ee, F., spatula (paddle-
shape), a broad sword.

spatior, I, to walk about.

spatiosus, a, um, ample, spacious.

spatium, i, N., space, open space,
period, opportunity.

specialis, e, particular, special.

specialiter, specifically.

species, ei, F., view, appearance,
display, idea, vision, species.

specimen, inis, N., token, model.

specio, spexi, 3, /o look, view.

speciose, s/owily.

speciosus, a, um, /;andsome, showy.

spectàábilis, e, visible, worth seeing.

spectaculum, i, N., à sight, public
show, theatre.

spectamen, inis, N., mask, scene.

spectate, splendidly.

spectatio, onis, F., view, beholding.

spectator, Oris, M., observer, spec-
tator, critic.

spectatus, a, um, proved, esteemed.

spectio, onis, F., observing (of aus-
pices). :

specto, r, to behold, observe, test,
drive at.

spectrum, i, N., image, apparition.

specula, eae, F., a look-out, eminence.

spécula, ee, F., [spes,] s/igAt hope.

speculabundus, a, um, on íhe
watch.

specularis, e, of a mirror ; M., sheet
of mica ; N., pl. window-panes.

speculator, oris, M., a scout, ex-
plorer, examiner.

speculatorius, a, um, for scouting-
service.

speculor, t, /o spy, watch, examine.

speculum, i, N., mirror.

178

specus, üs, M., cave, den.
1speleeum, i, N., cavern.
Tspélunca, ee, F., cavern, den.
Spercheos (-ius) i, a river of
Thessaly.
spernax, acis, contemptuous.
sperno, sprevi, spret-, 5; -nor, I,
sever, despise, reject.
spero, I, /o hope, expect.
spes, spei, F., hope, anticipation.
sphaera, ee, ball, globe, sphere.
Sphinx, ngis, F., a myth. being,
half-woman, half-lion.
Spica, ee, F., point, spike, tuft, dart.
spiceus, a, um, of wheat-ears.
Spico, I, put forth ears.
spicilegium, i, N., gleaning.
spiculum, i, N., point, sting, dart.
spina, ee, F., (horn, spine.
spinetum, i, N., Aedge of thorns.
spinifer (ger) a, um, tAorn-bearing.
spinosus, a, um, //iorny, confused.
spinther, eris, N., bracelet.
spinus, i, F., black-thorn.
spira, ee, F., a coil, fold.
spirabilis, e, for breathing, vital.
spiraculum (-mentum), i; -men,
inis, N., vent-hole, pore.
spiritalis (-ualis), e, of breath or
spur.
Spiritus, üs, M., breath, spirit, pride.
spiro, I, breathe, blow, live, aspire.
spissamentum, i, N., stopper.
Spisse, densely, slowly.
spisso, I, to thicken.
spissus, a, um, dense, close, com-
pact, slow.
Tsplen, splenis, w., milt, spleen.
splendeo, 2,/0 be bright, shine, gleam.
splendesco, dui, 5, grow bright.
splendide, brilliantly.
splendidus, a, um, bright, brilliant,
sumptuous, illustrious, noble.
splendor, oris, N., lustre, splendor.
T splenicus, a, um, splenetic.

. 18podos, i, F. ; -ium, w., s/ag, dross.
spoliatio, onis, F., pillage, plunder.
spoliator, oris, M., plunderer.
spolio, 1, to strip, spoil, plunder.
spolium, i, N., //e spoil, plunder.
S$ponda, ee, F., couch, bedstead.

specus — stabularius.

spondalium, i, N., sacrificial hymn.
spondeo, spopondi, spons-, 3, (o
pledge, vow, betroth.
1spondylus, i, M., spine-joint.
Tspongia, ee, F., sponge, slag, chain-
qimnor, pwnmice.
sponsa, ee, F., betrothed, bride.
sponsalis, e, of betrothal.
sponsio, onis, F., pledge, security.
sponsor, Oris, M., surety, bondsman.
sponsum, i, N., à covenant.
sponsus, [spondeo,] pledged, be-
trothed.
sponsus, üs, M., betrothal.
spontalis, e; spontaneus, a, um,
voluntary. |
sponte, ab. tis, gen. of one's own
accord, voluntarily, freely.
sporta, ee, F., a hamper.
sportula (-tella) ae, F., small basket.
spretor, Oris, M., scorner.
sprétus, [sperno,] despised.
spüma, ee, F., fo«m, scum.
spümesco, 3, (o froth, surge.
spümeus, a, um, foamy, frothy.
spümo, 1, fo foam, froth.
spumosus, a, um, full of foam.
spuo, spui, spüt-, 3, o spit.
spurce, vilely.
spurcidicus, a, um, foul-mouthed.
spurcitia, ee, F., dirt, saut.
spurco, I, /o befoul.
spurcus, a, um, filthy, unclean, base.
spurius, a, um, i//egitimate.
spüto, r, /o spit, spit out. .
sputum, i, N., [spuo,] spit.
squàáleo, ui, 2, !/o be stiff, rough,
squalid, or in mourning-garments.
squalidus, a, um, rough, stif], foul.
squalor, Oris, N., foulness, squalor.
squama, ee, F., & scale.
squameus (-osus), a, um, scaly.
squarrosus, a, um, scabby.

. Squilla—scilla, sea-onion.

-8t, for est, is.

stabilimentum, i, N., support.

stabilio, 4, to make firm.

stabilis, e, firm, stable.

stabilitas, atis, F., steadiness.

stabularius, a, um, of a stopping-
place or stable.

stabulor — stolide.

stabulor, 1, /o abide, find shelter.

Btabulum, i, N., a standing-place,
abode, stall.

Tstacta, ee (-6, es), F., myrrh-oil.

stadium, i, N., séadium (125 paces
—606 ft.), race-course.

stagno, I, /o stagnale, lie under
water, be overflowed.

stagnosus, a, um, full of pools.

stagnum, i, N., pool, pond, marsh.

stamen, ínis, N., warp, thread.

stanneus, a, um, of tin.

stannum, i N. /i»; an alloy of
silver and lead.

statarius, a, um, firm, standing.

statera, ee, F., steel-yard, balance.

staticulum, i, N., small image.

statim, inimediately, as soon as.

statio, Onis, F., standing, abode,
post, anchorage.

stativus, a, um, síationary; of à
post or station.

Stator, Oris, sustainer (a title of
Jupiter).

statua, ee, F., statue, image.

statuarius, a, um, of statues.

statumen, inis, N., prop, stay, rib
(of ship).

Statuo, ui, üt, 3, /o set, establish,
resolve, believe, hold sure.

statüra, ee, F., height, stature.

status [sisto,] se/, placed.

Status, ts, M., position, posture, stat-
ure, condition.

Tstega, ee, F., deck.

15tela, ae, a column.

stella, ae, F., star. [starry.

stellatus, a, um ; stelliger, era, um,

stellio, onis, M., « newt, lizard.

stellionatus, us, M., trickery.

stello, r, glitter (or cover) with stars.

1stemma, atis, N., wreath, pedigree.

tstephanos, i, M. (treat), a. plant.

stercoro, I, /o apply manure.

stercus, Óris, N., dung, filth, manure.

sterilesco, 3, (o grow barren.

sterilis, e, sterile, barren.

sterilitas, atis, F., barrenness.

sternax, ácis /hrowing his rider.

sterno, stravi, strat-, 3, spread,
strew, lay smooth, cover, cast down.

179

sternumentum (-támentum), i,
N., à $neeze.

sternuo, ui, 35, sneeze, spulter.

sterquilinium, i, N., dungpit.

sterto, ui, 5, snore.

Stheneleius, a, um, of Sthenelus,
son of Perseus.

Tstibium, i, N., antimony.

Tstigma, atis, N., brand, scar.

Stilbon, onis, M., the planet Mer-
cury.

stilla, ee, F., a drop (of gum).

stillatim, drop by drop.

stillicidium, i, N., [cado, | dripping.

stillo, 1, (o drip, trickle, distil.

stilus, i, M., stake, point, style for
writing, style in writing.

stimmi—stibium, antimony.

stimulo, 1, /o prick, goad, rouse.

stimulus, i, M., a goad, spur, stroke.

stinguo, 3, /o quench.

stipatio, Onis, F., rong, retinue.

stipator, Oris, M., attendant.

stipendiarius, a, um, íribütary.

stipendior,'1, serve for pay. -

stipendium, i, N., /az, tribute, pay,
military service, duty.

stipes, itis, M., stock, post, tree.

stipo, I, crowd, throng, press, attend.

stips, stipis, F., gi/?, alms.

stipula, ee, F , stalk, stem, stubble.

stipulatio, Onis, F.; -tus, us, M.,
a stipulation, bargain.

stipulor, 1, to bargain, stipulate.

stiria, ee, F., icicle.

stiricidium, i, N., [cado, | snow-fall.

stirpitus, 5j the roots.

stirps (-pes, -pis), pis, F., « stock,
stem, sprout, race, source.

stiva, ee, F., plough-handle.

stlata, ee, F., a kind of ship.

stlis—lis, lawsuit.

sto, steti, stat-, I, /o stand, stand
fast, remain; cost (w. abl. of price);
stat, i/ is a fired purpose.

Stoicus, a, um, Sioic (austere).

stola, e, F., «a long robe, woman's
garment.

stolide, stupidly.

stolidus, a, um, dull, stupid.

stolo, onis, M., shoot, sucker.

180

stomachor, 1, /o be vexed, quarrel.

stomachosus, a, um, irritable.

stomachus, i, M., s/omach; taste,
dislike.

storax—-styrax, a gum.

storea, ee, F., mat of rope or straw.

Tstrabo, onis, M., squinting.

strages, is, F., an overthrow, mas-
sacre.

strágulus, a, um, for covering Or
spreading ; N., rug, mattress.

stramen, inis ; mentum, i, N., rug,
straw, litter.

stramineus, a, um, of straw.

strangulo, 1, to strangle, choke.

Tstrategema, atis, N., generalship.

Tstrategus, i, M., a general.

Tstratioticus, a, um, military.

strator, Oris, M., groom.

stratura, ee, F., pavement.

stratus, [sterno,] s/rown ; N., coc-
erlet, couch, horse-cloth.

strena, ee, F., sign, omen, gift.

strenue, vigorously.

strénuus, a, um, prompt, energetic,
vigorous.

strepito, 1, (o rustle, make a noise.

strepitus, us, M., a clashing, rustle,
noise.

strepo, ui, 3, to make a noise, re-
sound, murmur, roar.

stria, ee, F., furrow, fluting.

stricte (-tim), closely, briefly.

strictivus, a, um, plucked.

strictüra, ee, F., contraction.

strictus, [stringo, | close, brief, strict.

strideo (-do, 3), di, 2, to hiss, creak,
buzz, whiz, whistle.

stridor, Oris, M., « hissing, buzzing.

stridulus, a, um, wAizzing.

striga, ee, F., swath of grass.

striga, ee, F., ag, witch.

strigilis, is, F., a flesh-scraper.

strigmentum, i, N., scrapings.

strigo, I, s/op, give way.

strigosus, a, um, /ank, meagre.

stringo, nxi, ict-, 3, draw, press,
graze, strip, prune, constrain.

Strio, I, /o groove, furrow.

strix, ieis, F., sereech-owl ; channel.

TEMA ee, T. strophe, trick.

stomachor — styrax.

Strophades, um, islands S. W.
of Greece.

[strophium, i, N., band, belt, wreath.

Tstrophus, i, M., colic.

structe, orderly.

structilis, e, of building.

structor, Oris, M., builder.

structura, ee, F., construction, build-
ing ; pl, engineering works.

structus, [struo,] ordered, com-
posed.

strues, is (-ix, icis), F., a heap, pile.

struma, ee, F., (umor.

struo, xi ct-, 3, to pile, build, ar-
range, contrive.

struppus, i, M., band, thong.

tstrutheus, a, um, of sparrows.

Tstruthio, onis; strüthiocamelus,
i, M., ostrich.

Strymon, ónis, a river of Thrace.

studeo, ui, 2, (o be eager or zealous
Jor, to study.

studiose, earnestly.

studiosus, a, um, zealous, studious,
attached, devoted.

studium, i, N., zeal, desire, study.

stulte, foolishly.

stultitia, ee, F., folly.

stultus, a, um, foolish, silly.

stuüpa—stuppa, (ow.

stupe-facio, 3, ; P., -fio, stupify.

stupendus, a, um, amazing.

stupeo, ui, 2, (o be amiazed, gaze
with wonder.

stüpeus, a, um, of tow.

stupidus, a, um, confounded, stu-
pid, amazed.

stupor, Oris, M., numbness, aston-
ishment, amazement.

1stuppa, ee, F., tow.

stuppeus, a, um, of tow, hempen.

stupro, r, defile, debauch.

stuprum, i, N., dishonor, debauchery.

sturnus, i, M., starling.

Stygius, a, um, of the Stya.

stylus—stilus, s/yle.

Stymphalicus, a, um, of Stym-
phalus, a district in Arcadia,
haunted by birds of prey.

Tstypticus, a, um, astringent.

Tstyrax, acis, F., a fragrant resin.

Styx — subscus.

Styx, gis, F., the Styr (gloom), a
river of Hades.

suadela, ee, F., persuasion.

suadeo, si sum, 2, advise, urge,
plead, advocate, recommend.

suadus, a, um, persuasive.

suamet, [suus,] one's very own.

suarius, a, um, of swine.

suasio, onis, F., persuasion.

suasor, Oris, M., persuader, advo-
cate, counsellor.

suasorius, a, um, persuasive.

suásus, üs, M., persuasion.

suave, sweelly.

suavior, I, (o kiss.

suavis, e, sweet, pleasant.

suavitas, atis; -tuüdo, inis, F.,
sweetness, pleasantness.

suaviter, sweeily.

suavium, i, N., lips, kiss.

sub (S5 42, iii.), under, at the foot of,
during, towards, just after.

[sub-, under or in low degree (-isA).

subactio, onis, F., working-up, pre-
paring, discipline.

subactus, [subigo,] subdued.

subausculto, 1, listen secretly.

subblandior, 4, to fondle.

[subc—succ-.

subditivus, a, um, [-do,] spurious.

subdo, didi, dit-, 3, (o put under,
subdue, yield, substitute, forge.

subdolus, a, um, craft, sly.

subdüco, xi, ct-, 5, withdraw, uplift,
haul up, furl, secrete, calculate.

subductio, onis, F. Aauling a-
ground.

subeo, ii, it-, 4, advance, go under,
approach, undergo, submit to.

süber, eris, N., cork-tree.

[subf-—suff- ; subg-—sugg-.

subices, supports.

subigito, 1 (agito), intens. of

subigo, egi, act-, 3, bring under,
subdue, constrain, rub down.

subinde, directly after, from time
to time.

subitarius, a, um, prepared in
haste.

sübito, suddenly.

subitus, [subeo], sudden, hasty.

181

subjaceo, ui, 2, /ie under or near.

subjecte, submissively.

subjectio, Onis, F., putting under,
substituting, forging, subjoining.

subjecto, r1, /oss up from below.

subjectus, a, um, subject, near.

subjicio, jeci, ject-, 5, bring under,
throw up, substitute, subdue, add.

subjugo, r, bring under the yoke,
subdue.

subjungo, nxi, nct-, 5, [jugum,]
to yoke, annez, subdue.

sublabor, psus, 3, to sink, glide.

sublate, /oftily.

sublatio, onis, F., uplifting.

sublatus, [tollo,] e/ated.

sublego, legi, lect-, 3, gather,
snatch. stealthily.

sublestus, a, um, slight, trifling.

sublevo, 1r, uplift, lighten, relieve.

sublica, ee, F., sake, pile.

sublicius, a, um, built on piles.

subligo, 1, (o bind, fasten beneath.

sublime, /ofiily.

sublimis, e, /of?y, exalted, on high.

sublimitas, atis, F., /oftiness.

sublimiter, /oftily.

sublimo, 1, /o elevate.

sublino, levi, lit-, 3, besmear, cheat.

sublüceo, 2, o glimmer.

subluo, 35, to wash beneath.

sublustris, e, glimmering.

subluvies, em, e, F., dirt.

[subm-—summ-.

sub-nascor, 3, grow after.

subnecto, xum, 3, bind beneath.

subnixus, a, um, supported, lean-
ing on, defended by.

subo, r1, to be full, in heat.

suboleo, 2, to smell, scent.

suboles, is, F., sprout, offspring.

. subolesco, 3, to grow up.

suborno, rt, adorn, incite secretly.

[subp-—supp- ; subr-—surr-.

subscribo, psi, pt-, 3, write below,
subscribe, note down, agree to.

subscriptio, onis, F., subscription,
noting down, signature.

subscriptor, Oris, M., signer, ap-
prover.

subscus, tidis, F., dove-(ail, tenon.

182

subsecivus, a, um, the remaining,
over and above, leisure.
sub-seco, 1, /o clip away.
subsellium, i, N., a /ow bench, seat,
tribunal.
subsequor, cütus, 3, follow close.
subservio, r, (o be subject.
subsessa, ee, F., ambuscade.
subsessor, Oris, M., waylayer.

subsidiarius, a, um, of (he reserve.

subsidium, i, N., reserves, help.
subsido, sédi, sess-, 3, sink, settle,
abide, lie in wait.
subsignanus, a, um, ser ving near
the standard.
subsigno, t, subscribe, register.
subsilio, ui (ii), 4, spring upward.
subsisto, stiti, 3, take a stand, halt,
remain, withstand.
subsolanus, a, um, eastward.
subsortior, 4, to choose a substitute.
substantia, ee, F., substance.
sub-sterno, 3, s/rew beneath, bestrew.
substillus, a, um, dribbling.
sub-stituo, |statuo,| 5, /o put next,
suggest, substitute.
substo, t, /o be near, stay firm.
substramen, inis, N., litter.
sub-stringo, 3, bind close, check.
substrictus, a, um, c/ose.
substructio, Onis, F., foundation,
groundwork.
sub-struo, 3, build beneath.
subsulto, 1, £o jump, spring.
sub-sum, /o be near, or among.
subtemen, inis, N., yarn, woof..-
subter (S 56, i. 3), beneath, close.
subter-düco, 3, withdraw secretly.
subter-fugio, 3, //j by stealth.
sub-terlabor, 3, glide beneath.
subtero, trivi, trit-., 5, wear away.
subterraneus, a, um, underground.
subtertius, a, um, /ess by a third.
subtexo, xui, xt-, 3, weave below,
spread, subjoin, annez.
subtilis, e, slender, fine, delicate,
simple, plain.
subtilitas, atis, F., /ineness, keen-
ness, plainness.
subtiliter, finely, minutely.
subtraho, xi, ct-, 5, withdraw.

subsecivus — succumbo.

subtus, underneath.

subücula, e, F., «a shirt.

sübula, ee, F., [suo,] an aw.

subulcus, i, N., [sus,] swineherd.

Subüra, ee, F., a street in Rome.

suburbànus, a, um, near the city;
N., à suburban estate.

suburgeo, 2, drive close.

subüro, ust-, 35, to singe, scorch.

subvectio, Onis, F., conveyance.

subvecto, r, intens. of

subveho, xi, ct-, 5, carry, convey,
bring (up stream).

subvenio, veni, vent., 4, come to
aid, relieve, come to hand.

subverto, ti, sum, 3, to overthrow,
destroy, subvert.

subvexus, a, um, s/oping upward.

subvolo, t, //j upward.

subvolvo, 3, to roll up. or along.

succavus, a, um, /ollow below.

succedaneus, a, um, succeeding.

succedo, cessi, cess-, 3, go below,
mount, enter, advance, prosper.

succendo, di, sum, 3, /o set on fire.

succenseo, sui, sum, 2, to be angry.

succenturio, àt-, I, receive as re-
cruit.

suc-cerno, 3, shake, sift.

successio, Onis, F., sequence, Suc-
cess. 7

successor, Oris, M., follower, suc-
cessor, inheritor.

successus, üs, M., advance, success.

succidia, ee, F. flitch of bacon.

succido, [cado,]| 5, fall under, sink.

succido, [caedo,] 35, cut down or
away.

süccidus, a, um, sappy, juicy.

succiduus, a, um, sinking.

succincte (-tim), briefly.

succinctus, [cingo,] girt, ready.

suc-cingo, 3, (o gird, equip.
succino, 3, accompany in song.
succinum--sücinum, amber.
succisivus (subsecivus), a, um,
remaining.
succlamo, r, shout (in reply).
succollo, r, 1o shoulder.
succresco, I, grow up.
suc-cumbo, 3 to lie, sink, yield.

suceurro — supellex. 188

suc-curro, 3, run under or to help ;
occur to one's mind.
succus—sücus, sap, juice.
succusso, I, to jerk, jolt.
succutio, cussi, cuss-, 5, to (088 up.
sücidus, a, um, Juicy, fresh.
sücinum, i, N., amber.
$üco, Onis, N., sucker (usurer).
sücosus, a, um, Juicy.
suctus, [sugo, | erzhausted.
sucula, ee, F., Lus. windlass.
sücus, i, M., juice, sap, vigor.
sudarium, i, N., handkerchief.
sudatorius, a, um, for sweating.
sudes (is), is, F., s/ake, pile, peak.
südo, I, (o sweat, toil, exude.
südor, Oris, N., sweat, moisture, toil.
sudus, a, um, dry, bright, clear.
suesco, sueévi, suet-, 3, get wonted.
Suessa, ee, F., a town of Latium.
suffarcinatus, a, um, stuffed.
suffectio, onis, F., adding, supply.
suffectus, |sufficio,] supplied.
suffero,sustuli, sublat-, put under,
offer, sustain, endure.
suffertus, [fercio,] stuffed.
süffes, etis, N., the Carthaginian
chief magistrate.
sufficio, feci, fect-, 3, put under,
imbue, supply, suffice.
suffigo, xi, xum, 35, fasten, affix.
suffio, 4, fumigate.
suffitio, Onis, F., fumigation.
sufflamen, usis, N., clog, drag.
sufflatus, a, um, jloated.
sufflatus, üs, M., breath.
suftlo, 1, breathe or blow forth.
suffoco, I, suffocate.
suffodio, fodi, foss-, 3, pierce, stab,
undermine.
suffragatio, Onis, F., voting.
suffragator, Oris, M., supporter.
suffragium, i, N., a vote, judgment,
right of voting.
suffrágo, inis, F,, lam, postern.
suffragor, t, support by voting.
suffugio, fugi, 5, take refuge.
suffugium, i, N., shelter.
suffulcio, fulsi, fult-, 4, /o prop.
suffundo, füdi, füs-, 5, pour below,
| overspread, suffuse.

suffüsus, bashful. ;
suggero, gessi gest-, 35, carry
under, raise, furnish, suggest.
suggestum, i, N., a height, platform.
suggredior, gressus, 3, approach.
suggrunda, ee, F., eaves.
sugillo, rt, (o bruise, insult.
sugo, xi, ct-, 5, /o suck, exhaust.
sui, sibi, se (sese), one's self.
suillus, a, um, of swine.
sulcator, oris, M., ploughman.
sulco, 1, to cut, furrow, pleugh.
sulcus, i, M., furrow, trench, wake.
sulfur, uris, N., brimstone, sulphur.
sulfureus, a, um, /;ke sulphur.
Sulla, L. Cornelius, the Roman
Dictator, B.c. 138-78.
Sulmo, onis, M., a Pelignian town.
sultis—si vultis, if. you will.
sum, esse, fui (8S 29, 45, 3), to be
(w. dat.), belong.
sumen, inis, N., breast, udder.
summa, ee, F., /he chief. point, sum,
whole iain bod: (of army).
summas, atis, of high place.
summatim, on the surface, gently.
summe, n the highest degree.
summergo, si, sum, 5, plunge, sub-
MERE, snb. ^7;
summerus, a, um, vather clear.
sumministro, r, aid, supply.
summisse (-im), gently, calmly.
summissus, a, um, /ow, gentle, mean.
summitto, missi, miss-, 3, send
forth, rear, let down, send secretly.
summopere, (o tie utmost.
summoveo, movi, mot-, 2, send
or clear away, withdraw, withhold.
summus, a, um, u/iermost, utmost,
top of, highest, chief, last.
sümo, sumpsi, sumpt-, 3, /ake,
claim, spend, assume; sumere
poenam, /o inflict punishment.
sumptuarius, a, um, of expenses.
sumptuosus, a, um, costly, lavish.
sumptus, üs, N., expense, cost.
suo, sui, süt-, 3, /o sew, stitch.
suomet, suopte, one's own.
suovetaurilia, sacrifice of swine,
sheep and bull.
supellex, lectilis, F., furniture.

184

super ($ 56, 1, 2), above, concerning,
besides, during.

[super-, over and above, or upon.

superabilis, e, conquerable.

superbe, Aaughtily.

superbia, ee, F., pride, haughtiness.

superbio, 4, :o be haughty, splendid.

superbus, a, um, haughty, arrogant,
proud, superb, magnificent.

supercilium, i, N. Órow, ridge.
summit, arrogance, sternness.

superemineo, 2, overtop, excel. .

superficies, ei, F., surface, struc-
ture, what is aboveground.

superfio, to be remaining.

superfluo, xi, 3, overflow, abound.

superfluus, a, um, overflowing.

superfundo, 3, pour over, extend.

supergredior, gressus, 3, overstep.

superi, orum, /he upper divinities.

superimpleo, 2, fi// to overflowing.

superinjicio, 3, 'Aro on Or over.

superior, us, /igher, upper, former,
older, superior.

super-jacio, 3, t/irow upon, overtop.

supernas, nàátis, of he upper
country, northern.

superne, upward.

supernus, a, um, on high, celestial.

supero, I, surmount, surpass, sur-
vive, abound, subdue, go past.

super-pono, 3, place on or over.

supesedeo, sedi, sess-, 2, situpon
surpass, desist, omit.

superstes, stitis, C., a bystander,
survivor.

superstitio, Onis, F., superstition,
object of dread or scruple.

superstitiosus, a, um, superstitious,
prophetic, scrupulous.

supersto, I, s/and on or over.

super-sum, remain, abound, sur-
vive, be present, assist.

superus, a, um ($ 17, iii), upper,
higher ; pl., the celestials.

supervacaneus (-vacuus), a, um,
superfluous, needless.

super-venio, 4, come upon Or over,
follow, surpass, attack.

supine, negligently.

supino, I, /o lie backward.

super — surrado.

supinus, a, um, fallen backward,
outspread, heedless, haughty.:
suppar, paris, nearly equal.
supparasitor, I, (o fawn, flatter.
supparum, i, N. a womanmns linen
garment, topsail. —
suppedito, 1, [pes,] to abound,
have in abundance, furnish.
suppetiee, arum, F., aid, succor.
suppetior, I, (o aid, succor.
suppeto, ivi (ii), it-, 3, be at hand
or equal, to agree, correspond.
suppilo, I, filch, purloin. |
suppingo, pact-, 5, fasten beneath.
supplanto, 1, /rip up the heels,
overthrow.
supplementum, i, N, Jfilling-in,
supply, recruiting. —..
supplementum, i, N., filling up.
suppleo, evi, et-, (o fill up, supply.
supplex, icis, kneeling, suppliant.
supplicatio onis, F., public prayer
or thanksgiving.
suppliciter, suppliantly, humbly.
supplicium, i, N., prayer, supplica-
tion; also punishment, torture (the
criminal kneeling for the blow).
supplico, t, kneel, implore, worship.
supplodo, si, 3, stamp, applaud.
supplosio, Onis, F., samping.
sup-pono, 3, put beneath, substitute,
Jorge, counterfeit, subjoin.
supporto, I, carry, convey.
suppositicius, a, um, substituted.
suppositio, onis, F., substituting.
suppressio, Onis, F., keeping back
or down, embezzlement.
supprimo, pressi, pressS-, 3, press
down, sink, check, detain, suppress.
suppromus, i, M., under-butler.
supptro, r, /o gather matter, [pus ].
supputo, I, /o prune, turn.
supra, above, before, beyond, besides.
suprémus—summus, /iighest.
süra, ee, F., ca/f of the leg.
surculaceus (-osus), a, um, twoody.
surculus, is, M., sprout, shoot, twig.
surde, dimly, indistinctly.
surdus, a, um, deaf, dull, mute.
surgo, surrexi, ct-, 3, !o rise, lift.
surrado, si, sum, 3, scrape.

surremigo — taberna.

surremigo, I, /o rot beneath.
Surrentum, i, N. Sorrento (near
. Naples).

ur-répo, 35, creep softly, steal upon.

/aurrepticius, a, um, stolen.

surreptus, [ripio,] snatched away.

surrideo, si, 2, /o smile.

surrigo—surgo, rise.

surripio, pui, rept-, 5, snaich, steal.

Surrogo, I, substitute.

sur-ruo, 3, (o undermine, demolish.

sursum, upward, on high.

surus, i, N., branch, stake.

sus, suis, C., hog, sow.

Susa, orum, N., capital of Persia.

susceptor, Oris, M., contractor, re-
ceiver. .

suscipio, cepi, cept-, 3, /ake up,
sustain, acknowledge, undertake.

suscito, I, /ifl, cast up, rouse, restore.

suspecto, r, /o look up at, watch.

suspectus, a, um, suspicious, dan-
gerous.

suspectus, üs, M., looking-upward.

suspendium, i, N., hanging.

suspendo, di, sum, 3, hang, sus-
pend, support, depend, check, stop.

suspicax, acis, suspicious.

suspicio, pexi, ct-, 3, /ook up to,
admire, suspect, distrust.

suspicio, onis, F., distrust, suspicion.

suspiciosus, a, um, distrustful, sus-
picious, causing distrust.

suspicor, 1, mistrust, suspect, think.

suspiratio, Onis, F. ; -atus (-itus),
us, M.; -ium, i N. sigh, deep
breathing.

suspiro, I, /o sigh, sigh for.

susque deque, up and down.

sustentatio, Onis, F., delay, sus-
pense, forbearance, maintenance.

sustento, I, sustain, support, main-
tain, endure, delay.

sustineo, ui, tent-, hold up, sustain,
restrain, maintain, endure.

sustollo, 3, //f?, raise.

sustuli, [tollo, or suffero,] raised.

süsum-——sursum, upward.

susurro, I, (o whisper, murmur.

susurrus, i, N., à whisper, murmur.

sütéla, ee, F., [suo,] artifice.

185

sütilis, e, sewed, fastened.
sutor, oris, cobbler. [bler.
sutorius (-trinus), a, um, of a cob-
sutura, ee, F., a seam.
suus, a, um, one's own, favorable ;
pl M., one's friends or soldiers ;
N., one's property.
Sybaris, is, F., a Greek town in
S. E. Italy, noted for luxury.
Tsycaminus, i, F., mulberry.
1syce6, es, F., gum-resin.
lsycophanta, ee, M. informer,
slanderer, cheat, flatterer.
Sylla—Sulla.
Tsyllaba, ee, F., syllable.
sylva—-silva, forest.
T1symbola, ee, F., share, scot.
T1symbolus (um) ,i, M., mark, token.
Tsymphonia, ee, F., harmony.
symphoniacus, a, um, for singing. .
Symplegadés, um, F., cliffs in
the Euxine, which | dashed
against one anbther (myth).
Tsymposium, i, N., banquet.
Tsyngrapha, ee, F. ; us, i, M., note,
bond, contract.
Synnada, orum, a town of Phry-
gia, famous for marble.
Syphax, acis, king of Numidia,
ally of Carthage, died B.C. 201.
Syràacüsee, arum, F., a city of Si-
cily, taken by Marcellus, p.c. 212.
Syria, ee, F., the country E. of the
Mediterranean.
Syrinx, gis, F., a nymph, beloved
by Pan, changed to a reed.
1syrma, ee, F., a trailing robe.
syrtis, is (idos) F., quicksand;
Syrtes, two great shoals on the
North coast of Africa.

T

T, the praenomen Titus.

tabanus, i, M., gad/ly.

tabella, e, F., tablet, letter, ballot,
picture, votive tablet.

tabellarius, a, um, of tablets.

tabeo, 2, melt, waste, decay.

taberna, ee, F., shop, booth, inn.

186

tabernaculum; i, N., tent, pavilion.

tabernarius, a, um, of shops Or
booths ; pl., shopkeepers.

tàbes, is, F., decay, pestilence.

tàbesco, bui, 3, consume, dissolve.

tabidus, a, um, decaying, corrupt.

tabificus, a, um, dissolving, corrod-
ing, infectious.

tabula, aee, F., board, plank, tablet,
panel, picture.

tabularis, e, of boards or tablets.

tabularius, a, um, of records; M.,
registrar; F., record-office; N.,
archives.

tabulatio, onis, F., flooring.

tabulatus, a, um, boarded, floored ;
N., floor, layer.

tabulinum, i, N., balcony, terrace, a
shelf for records.

tabum, i, N., corruption, pestilence.

taceo, cui, cit-, 2, (o be silent, still,
noiseless.

tacite (to), silently.

taciturnitas, atis, F., silence.

taciturnus, a, um, inclined to silence

tacitus, a, um, silent, secret, mute.

tactio, Onis, F., touch. .

tactus, [tango,] touched.

tactus, üs, M., handling, touch.

teeda, ee, F., pitch-pine, torch ; mar-
riage-torch, wedding.

teedet, uit (teesum esty), i! wearies.

teedium, i, N., weariness, disqust.

Teenarus (os), i, C. ; (-on, N.), the
southern point of Greece.

Teenarius, a, um, Spartan.

teenia, ee, F., fillet, hair-band.

teesum est, [teedet,] i wearies.

teeter—teter, offensive.

tagax, acis, light-fingered.

talaris, e, of !he ankle; N. pl,
winged sandals.

talarius, a, um, of dice.

talea, ee, F., rod, bar; cutting.

talentum, i, N., talent (l cwt, or
sum of a little over $1000).

talio, onis, F., punishment in kind.

talis, e, such, of. such sort.

talpa, ee, rF., mole.

talus, i, M., ankle, ankle-bone, die.

tam, $0 ; tam ... quam, as (well) as.

tabernaculum — Tarracina.

tamarix, icis, F., tamarisk.
tamdiu, so /ong . . . (quamdiu, as).
tamen, yet, still, nevertheless.
tametsi (tamenetsi), although.
tammodo, but just now.
tamquam, as if, as it were.
Tanais, is, M., the river Don.
Tanaquil, ilis, wife of Tarquin.
tandem, at length, now then.
tango, tetigi, tact-, 3, touch, reach,
hit, affect, cheat, mention.
tanquam—tamquam, as if.
Tantalus, i| myth. k. of Phrygia,
punished in Tartarus with
eternal hunger and thirst.
tanti (gen.), at such a price.
tantillus, a, um, so little.
tantisper, for so long.
tanto, by so much (w. compar.).
tantópere, so much, so greatly.
tantulus, a, um, ever so little.
tantum, so much, so far, only.
tantummodo, only.
tantundem, Jjusí so much.
tantus, a, um, so great, so much,
so many.
tantus-dem, a, um, jusí so great.
tapete, is, N. (acc. -ta, pl., -tás, M.),
carpet, rug, tapestry.
tarandus, i, M., reindeer (?)
tarde, slowly.
tardipes, pedis, slow-foot.
tarditas, atis, F., slowness, dulness.
tardities, 6i; -tüdo, inis, F., s/ow-
ness.
tardiusculus, a, um, vzather slow.
tardo, 1, (o delay, prevent, linger.
tardus, a, um, slow, sluggish, linger-
ing, dull, deliberate.
Tarentinus, a, um, of Tarentum
(Taranto), in S. E. Italy.
tarmes, itis, M., woodworm.
Tarpeia, e, the maiden who be-
trayed the citadel to the Sabines.
Tarpeius mons, the steep north
front of the Capitoline.
Tarquinius, i the 5th and 7th k.
of Rome, B.C. 618—578, 534-509
(from Tarquinii, in Etruria).
Tarracina, &, F., à coast-town
half-way bet. Rome and Naples.

: Tarraconensis — temporatim.;

Tarraconensis, e, of Tarragona, in
Spain.

Tartarus (os), i| M.; -a, orum, N.,
the place of eternal torture,
hell; adj., Tartareus or -inus.

Tartessus, i, F., a port of Spain.

tarum, i, N., aloe-wood.

Tatius, i, a Sabine king, reigning
jointly with Romulus.

taura, ee, F., a barren cow.

taureus, a, um, of bulls or oxen.

Tauri, orum, a people of Thrace.

tauriformis, e, bull-shaped.

Taurii ludi, games in honor of
the infernal deities.

Taurimi, orum, people of N. W.

. Italy (Turin).

taurinus, a, um, of bulls, or oxen.

Taurois, entis, a fortress of Mas-
silia.

Tauromenium, i, N. a town of
eastern Sicily.

taurus, i, M., bull, oz, bullock.

taxa, ee, F., laurel.

taxatio, onis, F., reckoning.

taxeus, a, um, of yews.

taxim—tetigerim, [tango,] touch.
taxim, gently, by degrees.

taxo, 1, touch sharply, charge a-
gainst, appraise.

taxus, i, F., yew.

Taygetus,i M.; -a, orum, N.,, à
mountain-ridge in Laconia.

te (tu), thee.

Ttechna, ee, F., craft, trick.

tecte, covertly.

tectorius, a, um, for covering ; N.,
thatch, plaster.

tectum, i, N., roof, dwelling, shelter.

tectus, [tego,] sheltered.

tecum (tu), with thee.

ted—te, (ee.

teda—teeda, torch.

Tegea, ee, F., a town in Arcadia.

Tegeeéus (-eeus), a, um, Arcadian.

teges, etis, F., covering, mat.

tegillum, i, N., hood.

tegimen (tegmen), inis, N., cover.

tego, xi, ct-, 3, to cover, hide, shelter.

tegula, ee, F., (ile.

teguhum, i, N., roof.

187

tegumen, inis; -mentum, i, N,,
cover.

Teius, a, um, of Teos (Anacreon).

tela, ee, F., web, warp, loom.

Telamo (-on), onis, father of Ajax.

Teleboee, arum, a robber people
of Acarnania.

Telegonus, i, son of Ulysses and
Circe, slayer of his father. and.
founder of Tusculum.

Telemachus, i, son of Ulysses
and Penelope.

Telephus, i, son of Hercules and
Auge; king of Mysia.

tellus, uris, F., (he earth.

Telmessus, i, F., a town of Caria.

telum, i, N., spcar, javelin, weapon.

temerarius, a, um, accidental, rash.
temere, by chance, rashly, hastily.
temeritas, atis, F., chance, rashness.
temero, 1, /o profane, pollute.

Temesa (Tempsa), e, a-town of
S. Italy, noted for copper mines.

temetum, i, N., intoxicating drink.

temno, 3, scorn, despise.

temo, onis, M., beam, pole, waggon.

Tempe, pl., N., avalley of Thessaly.

temperamentum, i, N., measure,
moderation, temperament.

temperans, tis, moderate.

temperanter, wit]; moderation.

temperantia, ee, F., moderation.

temperate, temperately.

temperatio, onis, F., (empering.

temperatus, a, um, arranged, pre-
pared, moderate.

temperi, [tempus,] a! t/ie fit time.

temperies, ei, F., tempering, temper.

tempero, Ii, /o temper, qualify,
soften, regulate, govern, forbear.

tempestas, atis, F., (ime, season,
weather, tempest.

tempestive, seasonably.

tempestivitas, atis, F., timeliness.

tempestivus, a, um, fí!, ripe, timely.
templum, i, N., open circuit, sanc-
tuary, temple.

tempora, um, w., temples, head.

temporalis, e; -arius, a, um, for à
time, temporary.

temporaàtim, a/ times or seasons.

188

tempori, in season.

tempto—-tento, (7j.

tempus, oris, N., (ime, season, occa-
sion, circumstance.

temulentia, ee, F., intoxication.

temulentus, a, um, drunk.

tenàacitas, atis, F., stubbornness.

tenaciter, stubbornly.

tenax, àcis, grasping, firm, tena-
cious, stubborn, stingy.

tendo, tetendi, tent- (tens-) 3,
stretch, extend, spread out, go,
tend, endeavor, encamp.

tenebrae, arum, F., darkness, night,
gloom, blindness, death.

tenebricus (-cosus), a, um, gloomy,
dark, obscure.

tenebrosus, a, um, dark, gloomy.

Tenedos (us) i, F., an I. near Troy.

tenellus, a, um, /ender, delicate.

teneo, ui, tent-, 2, hold, keep, attain,
comprehend, restrain, endure.

tener, era, um, soft, tender.

tenerasco (-esco), 3, to grow soft.

teneritas, atis, F., sofiness.

tenor, Oris, M., career, course.

tensa, ee, F., a car (for the images
of the gods).

tensio, onis, F., stretching out.

tensus, [tendo,] stretched, tight.

tentabundus, trying here and there.

tentaàmen, inis; -mentum, i, N.;
-atio, onis, F., attempt.

tento, 1, (ry, tempt, attack, attempt.

tentórium, i, N., tent.

tentus, [tendo,] stretched ; [teneo,]
held.

tenuis, e, :hin, slender, narrow,
shallow, meagre, slight, fine.

tenuitas, atis, F., fhinness, scarcity.

tenuiter, /hinly, poorly, finely.

tenuo, r, make thin, dilute, attenu-
ate, reduce, enfeeble.

tenus, Óris, N., cord, snare.

tenus, up to, as far as.

tepe-facio, 3, !o make warm.

tepeo, 2, /o be lukewarm.

tepesco, pui, 5, grow lukewarm.

tepidarium, i, N., warm bath.

tepidus, a, um, /ukewarm, faint.

tepor, Oris, N., gentle warmth.

tempori — tersus.

ter, three times.
tercentum, i/Aree hundred.
terdecies, /hirteen times.
terebinthus, i, F., turpentine-tree.
terebra, ee, F., auger (for boring).
terebro, r, (o bore, pierce.
teredo, inis, F., borer.
terés, etis, [tero,] worn smooth,
rounded, polished.
Téreus, i, myth. king of Thrace.
tergeminus, a, um, /Aree-fold.
tergeo, 2 ; -gO, 8i, 5, (o wipe, cleanse.
Tergeste, is, N., a port of Istria,
Trieste.
tergilla, ee, F., pork-rind.
terginum, i, N., raw hide.
tergiversatio,Onis, F., refusal.
tergiversor, 1, turn the back, shuj-
Jfle, evade.
tergo—tergeo, wipe.
tergum, i; -us, ris, N., back, body,
hide ; daxe terga, to flee.
termés, itis, M., olive-bough.
terminalis, e, of. boundaries.
terminàtio, Onis, F., firing bounds.
termino, r, (o bound, limit, define.
terminus, i, M., boundary, limit.
ternideni, ee, a, thirteen each.
ternus, a, um, 5y threes, threefold ;
pl. three each, three.
tero, trivi, trit-, 3, wear, wear away,
bruise (for threshing), frequent.
Terpsichore, es, the Muse of
Dancing.
terra, ee, F. , earth, ground, region.
terrenus, a; um, earthen, earthy,
earthly.
terreo, ui, it-, 2, to-frighten, alarm,
scare away.
terrestris, e, of the earth, or land.
terreus, a, um, earthen.
terribilis,e, frightful, dreadful.
terricula, ee, F., & bugbear.
terrifico, 1, terrify.
terrificus, a, um, causing dread.
terrigena, ee, C., earth-born.
territo, I, /o terrif y. |
territorium, $3 territory. |
territus, [terreo,] frightened. |
terror, Oris, M , dread, terror. |
tersus, [tergo, | clean, correct, neat.

tertianus — Thracus. 189

tertianus, a, um, of the third.
tertio, at-, 1, (o do thrice.

tertio (um), for the 3d time, thirdly.

tertius, a, um, /hird.

teruncius (45 of as), penny, trifle.

tesca, Orum, N., wastes, wilds.

tessera, ee, F., square tablet, die,
chequer, token.

testa (-ula), ee, F., brick, tile, shell.

testáceus, a, um: of brick or tile.

testamentarius, a, um, of wills.

testamentum, i, N., a will, testa-
ment.

testatim, in fragments.

testatio, Onis, F., attestation..

testato, before witnesses.

testator, Oris, M., wiíness, testator.

testatus, a, um, proved, published.

testeus, a, um, of earthen.

testificatio, Ohis, F., evidence.

testificor, 1, prove, give evilence.

. testimonium, i, N., evidence.

testis, is, C., q wifness.

testor, I, bear witness, testify, prove,
attest, publish a will, call to witness.

testudineus, a, um, of a tortoise.

testüdo, inis, F., (ortoise, torloise-
shell; boards or shields, locked
to cover a storming-party.

testum, i (tu), N., earthen pot, lid.

tetanus, i, M., cramp.

tete (t&), thee (emphatic). *

téter, tra, um, offensive, foul.

Tethys, yos, F., wife of Oceanus.

Ttetra-, four.

Ttetrans, tis, M., a quarter.

tetrao, onis, M., Aeath-cock.

Ttetrarches, ee, M., tetrarch gov-
ernor of a quarter-province.

tetre, shockingly.

tetricus, a, um, crabbed, harsh.

tetuli, tuli (fero), bear.

Teucer, cri; myth. k. of Troy;
also, a brother of Ajax.

Teucrus (-crius), a, um, 7rojan.

Teutoni, orum (es, um), 7'eutons,
a German tribe.

texo, ui, tum, 3, to weave, braid,
build, cover.

textilis, e, woven ; N., web, cloth.

textor, Oris, M., weaver.

textrinus, a, um, of weaving or
construction ; N., ship-yard.
textüra, ee, F. ; -tus, M., siructure.
textus, [texo,] woven ; N., web.
Tthalamegus, i, F., barge.
tthalamus, i, M., bed-chamber, bed,
wedlock.
1thalassicus, a, um, sea-like.
Thales (etis) is, an Ionian phil-
osopher, B.C. 640—550.
Thalia, ee, F., the Muse of Comedy.
Tthallus, i, M., a green bough.
Thapsos, i, F., a town of Sicily.
Thaumantias, adis ; -tis, idis, /ris,
daughter of Thaumas.
theatralis, e, of the theatre.
Ttheatrum, i, N., /heatre.
Thébee, arum, F., a city of Egypt;
also, capital of Boeotia, T'hebes.
1theca, ee, F., case, sheath.
Themis, idis, F., goddess of Jus-
tice and Prophecy.
Themistocles, is, an Athenian
statesman, B.C. 513—449.
1 theriaca, ee, F., antidote.
tthermaee, arum, F., warm springs
or baths. —
Thermodon, tis, M., a river of
Pontus.
Thermopylee, arum, Thermopjyle,
the pass from Thessaly de-
fended by Leonidas, B.C. 480.

Tthesaurus, ip M., (reasure, treas-
ure-house. ;

Théseus, ei (eos), myth. king of
Athens, son of /Egeus and
ZEthra.

Theseus (-eius), a, um, of T/eseus.

Thessalia, ee, F., northern Greece.

Thetis, idis, a sea-nymph, mother
of Achilles.

ftheurgus, i, M., magician.

tthiasus, i, M., dance in honor of
Bacchus.

tholus, i, M., dome of temple.

t thomix, icis, F., cord, thread.

fthorax, acis, M., breast, breast-
plate.

Thràcia, ee, F., Trace (Turkey).

Thraácus (-cius, -cicus); Threi-
cius, a, um, 7'racian.

190

Thrásybülus, i, the liberator of
Athens, B.C. 404.

Thrax, acis (-eissa, F.), T'hracian.

Thule,8s, F., Shetland or Iceland (? .

Tthunnus, i, M., tunny-fish.

Thurinus, a, um, of ZTÀurü, a
city near Tarentum.

thüs, thüris—tus, incense.

Thyas (ias), adis, F., a bacchante.

Thyestes, e, brother of Atreus.

Tthymbra, ee, F., savory.

1thymele, es, F., leader's stand.

[thymum, i, N., (me.

tthyrsus, i, M., stem, staff twined
with vine-shoots. :

Ti. the pranomen Tiberius.

tiara, ee, F. (-as, M.), turban, tiara.

Tiberinus, of the T'ber.

Tiberis, is (idis), M., the Tiber.

Tiberius (Claudius Nero), empe-
ror from A.D. I4-31. .

tibia, ee, F., shin-bone ; pipe, flute.

tibiale, is, N., stocking, leggin.

tibicen, inis, M. ; -cina, ee, F., piper,
Jlutist ; prop, column.

Tibur, uris, N., a town of Latium
(T'ivoli) ; adj., Tiburs, tis.

Ticinus, i M., the river 7'cino in
N. Italy.

tigillum, i, N., a little beam.

tignarius, a, um, of beams.

tignum, i, N., a beam, log, lumber.

Tigranes, is, k. of Armenia, son-
in-law of Mithridates.

tigris, is (idis), C., tiger.

tilia, ee, F., linden-tree.

timeo, ui, 2, fear, dread, be anxious.

timide, /imidly.

timiditas, atis, F., cowardice.

timidus, a, um, timid, cowardly.

timor, Oris, M., fear, alarm, dread.

tinctus, [tingo, ] stained, dyed.

tinea, ee, F., bee-moth, book-worm.

tingo, nxi, nct-, 3, dye, stain, wet.

tinnio, 4, !o Jingle, scream.

tinnitus, üs, 4, ringing, jangling.

tinnulus, a, um, ringing, shrill.

tintinnabulum, i, N., bell.

tintinnaculus, a, um, clanking ; M.,
jailor.

tintinno, 1, £o ring, clank, jingle.

Thrasybulus — tono.

Tiresias, ee, a blind soothsayer of
Thebes. ,
tiro, Onis, M., raw recruit, beginner.

tirocinium, i, N., first service, raw

forces, recruits.

Tiryns, thos (is) F., a town of
Argolis, the home of Hercules.

Tisiphone, es, r. (avenger of blood),
one of the Furies.

Titan, anis, son of Calus ; also,
the Sun-god; pl, 7'tans, who
tried to scale Olympus, and
were driven by thunderbolts
into Tartarus.

Tithonus, i son of Laomedon,
wedded to Aurora.

Tities (-enses), one of the tribes
in early Rome. (Sabine?)

titillo, 1, to tickle.

titio, onis, M., firebrand.

titivillitium, i, N., trijle.

titubo, 1, :o stagger, reel, waver.

titulus, i, M., label, title, placard.

Tityos, i, a giant slain by Apollo,
his liver torn by a vulture in
Tartarus.

Tmolus (-ius) i, M. a mountain
of Lydia famous for wines.

tofus, i, M., tufa (a volcanic stone).

toga, ee, F., [tego,] /oga, mantle,
gown of peace. i
togatüs, a, um, wearing the toga ;
a Roman in civil life.
tolerabilis, e, endurable, enduring.
tolerans, tis, enduring, tolerant.
toleranter, patiently, tolerably.
tolero, 1, to bear, sustain.
tolleno, onis, M., well-sweep.
tollo (sustuli, sublat-), 5, //f!, raise,
exalt, lift away, carry off, weigh
(anchor), destroy, abolish.

Tolosa, ee, F., Toulouse in S. Gaul.

tolütim, on a trot.

tomentum, i, N., stuffing.

1tomus, i, M., piece, part, volume.

tonans, tis, the thunderer (Jupiter).
tondeo, totondi, tons-, 2, clip,
cut, shear, crop.

tonitrus, üs, M. (-tru ; -trium, i, N).,
thunder.

tono, ui, 1, £o thunder, roar, crash.

onsa, ee, F., an oar.
onsilis, e, shorn, clipped.
onsor, Oris, M., shearer, hair-cutter.

|tonstrina, ee, F., barber's shop.
tonsüra, ee, F., clipping, pruning.

tonsus, [tondeo,] sAorn.

|*tonus, i, «., sound, tone.
|tophus—tofus, /ufa.

topia, orum, N., fancy gardening.

topiürius, a, um, of gardening ;
M., gardener.

topper, diligently, speedily.

toral, alis, N., valance (of couch).

torcular, aris, N., oil or winepress.

torculus (-àrius), a, um, of a press.

Ttoreuma, atis, N., embossed work.

tormentum, i, N., [torqueo,] an
engine, missile, cord, rack, torment.

tormina, um, N., jripes.

"torno, 1, to turn, fashion.

ttornus, i, M., wheel, lathe.
torosus, a, um, muscular, brawny.
torpedo, inis, F,, numbness.
torpeo, ui, 2, !o be stiff; numb, dull.
torpesco, ui, 3, grow numb.
torpidus, a, um benumbed.
torpor, Oris, M., numbness.
torporo, 1, (o benumb.
torquaátus, a, um, having à neck-
chain.
torqueo, torsi, tort-, 2, twist, wind,
hurl, wrench, torture.

- torquis (6s), is, D., collar or twisted

chain, wreath.
torre-facio, 3, to parch.
torrens, tis, rushing, boiling; M.,
a torrent, rushing stream.
torreo, ui, tost-, 2, (o parch, roast.
torridus, a, um, parched, torrid.
torris, is, M., fire-brand. T»
torte, awry.
tortilis, e, twisted, crooked.
tortivus, a, um, made bj pressure.
tortor, Oris, M., tormentor.
tortuósus, a, um, winding, tortuous,
complicated, tangled.
tortüra, ee, F., wrenching.
tortus, [torqueo,] twisted.
tortus, üs, M., twisting, wreath.
torulus, i, M., tuft of. hair.
torus, i, M., swelling, muscle, couch.

tonsa — Tralles.

191

torvitas, atis, F., slernness.

torvus, a, um, wild, gloomy, savage.

tostus, [torreo,] parched.

tot, so many.

totidem, jusí so many.

toties (totiens), so often.

totus, a, um, g., ius, all, the whole.

toxicum, i, N., poison (for arrows).

[tra-, —trans-.

trabalis, e, of or like a beam.

trabea, ee, M., state-robe.

trabeatus, a, um, wearing the
trabea ; F., a kind of play.

trabs, bis, F., beam, timber, ship.

Trüchinius, a, um, of Trachin, a
town of Thessaly.

tractàbilis, e, tractable, pliant.

tractatio, Onis, F.; -tus, üs, M.,
touching, handling, treatment.

tractim, drawlingly, strokingly

tracto, r1, drag, touch, handle, treat.

tractus, |traho, | drawn-out.

tractus, üs, M., drawing, draught,
tract, district, course, length.

traditio, Onis, F., giving over, sur-
render, insiruction, tradition.

traditor, oris, M., betrager.

trádo, didi, dit-, 5, deliver, commit,
confide, surrender, betray.

trádüco, xi, ct-, 3, lead across,
transfer, bring over, expose.

tráductio, Onis, F., leading across,
conducting, removing, exposure.

trádux, ucis, N., vine-layer.

Ttragémata, um, N., sweetmeats.

T tragicus, a, um, of tragedy, tragic,
grand, terrible.

Ttragoedia, ee, F., tragedy.

t tragcedus, i, M., tragedian.

trágula, ee, F.. dart, javelin, plot.

trágum, i, N., porridge.

traha, ee, F., a drag, sledge.

traho, xi, ct-, 3, draw, drag, plun-
der, squander, protract.

Trajanus,i Roman emperor, A.D.
98-117.

trajectio, Onis, F. ; -tus, us. M., &
crossing, passage, transportation.

trajicio, jeci, ject-, 3, t/irow across,
transport, pierce, transfax.

Tralles, ium, F., a town in Lydia.

192

trama, ee, F., woof, weft.
tramés, itis, M., foot-path, course.
trano (transno), I, swim across.
tranquillitas, atis, F., stiliness,
calmness, serenity, brightness.
tranquillo, t, /o calm, still.
tranquillus, a, um, calm, tranquil.
trans, across, beyond.
[trans-, across or change.
transabeo, ii, 4, to pass through.
transadigo, egi, act-, 5, transfix.
transcendo, di, sum, 3, overstep,
exceed, transcend.
tran-scribo, 3, to copy, transfer.
trans-curro, 3, run across, traverse.
transenna, ee, F., noose, Snare.
transeo, ii, 4, jo across, pass over.
transero, sert-, 5, put through, graft.
trans-fero, carry over, transplant,
transfer, copy, convey.
transfigo, xi, xum, 3, transfix.
transfiguro, 1, transform.
trans-fodio, 3, pierce, thrust, stab.
transformo, 1, (ransform, alter.
transforo, 1, pierce through.
transfreto, I, cross a strait or ferr. jy.
transfuga, ee, C., deserter.
transfugio, füei, 3, to desert.
transfugium, i, N., desertion.
transfundo, füdi, füs-, 5, transfuse.
transgredior, gressus, 3, cross
over, go beyond.
transgressio, Onis, F., passiig over.
transigo, egi, act-, 3, drive or thrust
through, complete, finish, settle.
transilio, ui (ivi) 3, spring across,
hasten over.
transitio, onis, F.; -tus, üs, M.
passage, desertion, transition.
transitorius, a, um, for transit.
translatio, Onis, F., transferring,
translation, metaphor.
translator, Oris, M., transferrer.
translatus, [fero,] transferred.
transmarinus, a, um, from beyond
sea, foreign.
transmeo, I, 5o across.
transmigro, I, remove.
trans-mitto, 3, send across or
through, pass by, traverse.
transmissus, üs, M., passage.

?

trama — tribunatus.

transpadanus, a, um, beyond Po.
trans-pono, 3, transfer, remove.
transporto, I, convey, transport.
transtrum, i N. bench, ihwart (ir
ship), bank for rowers.
transvectio, Onis, F., transport.
transveho, xi, ct-, 5, convey across
transverbero, I, strike through.
transversus, a, um, crosswise.
transverto, ti, sum, 3, (urn across
transvolo, 1, 7j or pass over.
transvorsus—transversus.
Ttrapezita, ee, M., money-changer.
Trasimenus, i, a lake in Etruria.
trebax, acis, cunning, crafty.
Trebia, ee, F., Trebia in N. Italy.
treceni, ee, a, 300 each.
trecenti, ee, a, three hundred.
trecenties, 300 limes.
tredecies, /Airteen times.
tredecim, (hirteen.
treis—tres, //ree.
tremebundus, a, um, quivering.
treme-facio, 3, cause to shake.
tremendus, a, um, formidable.
tremisco, 3, quake, tremble.
tremo, ui, 5, /o shake, tremble (at).
tremor, Oris, M., irembling, dread.
tremulus, a, um, quivering, trem-
bling.
trepidátio, Onis, F., agitation.
trepide, in confusion or alarm.
trepido, r, be confused, agitated
throb, tremble at.

| trepidanter, anziously.
trepidus, a, um, resiless, anxious.

alarmed.
tres, tria, /ree.
tressis, is, M., three asses.
tresviri orum, M., Board of thre«
(in charge of prisons, &c.).
Ttriangulus, a, um, //ree-cornered.
triarii, orum, infantry of 3d rank.
tribülis, e, of the same tribe.
tribulo, I, press, oppress.
tribulum, i, N. ; -a, ee, F., scm
drag.
tribulus, i, M., thistle, caltrop (crow
foot, to impede cavalry).
tribünal, alis, N., judgment-seat.
tribunatus, üs, M., tribuneship.

tribunitius — trochus.

tribünitius, a, um, of a tribune.

tribunus, i, M., tribune, paymaster,
commander of a legion, or
defender of the plebs.

tribuo, ui, üt-, 3, allot, impart, ren-
der, 3jield, distribute.

tribus, üs, F., (ribe, a local division
of the Roman people, 35 in all.
The three patrician tribes, Ram-
nes, Tities, Luceres, have been
thought to represent thé Latin,
Sabine and Etruscan stock in
the founding of Rome.

tribütarius, a, um, of tribute.

tribütim, 5j tribes.

tributum, i, N., tribute, gift.

tricee, arum, r., íricks, trifles.

triceni, ee, a, thirty each.

tricenti, ee, a, three hundred.

tricesimus, a, um, /Airtieth.

trichila, ee, F., bower, arbor.

tricies, /hirty times.

triclinium, i| N., couch on three
sides (at table), dining-room.

trico, onis, M., trickster.

tricor, 1, to dally, shuffie.

tridens, tis, (Aree-pronged, three-
toothed ; M., trident.

triduum, i, N., /hree days.

triennium, i, N., (/;ree years.

triens, tis, M., à third (of as).

T trieris, is, F., trireme (a galley of .

three banks).
Ttrietericus, a, um, triennial.
1trieteris, idis, F., three years.
trifariam, in tree ways or places.
trifer, era, um, (Arice-bearing.
trifidus, a, um, //iree-cleft.
triformis, e, three-fold, triform.
triga, ee, F., team of. three horses.
trigeminus, a, um, three-twin, three-

fold, very great.
triginta, thirty.
ttrigonus, a, um, three-cornered.
trilinguis, e, having three tongues.
trilix, icis, /ree-twilled. :
trimestris, e, of three months.
trimodium, i, N., 3-peck measure.
trimus, a, um, //ree years old.
Trinacria, &, F. Sicily (having

three headlands)

193

trini, ee, a, (hree each.

ttriobolus, i, M. (3 oboli), sizpence.

triones, um, M. (team of oxen);
septem, (he Polar Bear, north.

triparcus, a, um, very stingy.

tripartitus, in (hree divisions.

triplex, icis, (Aree-fold.

Triptolemus, myth. k. of Eleusis,
inventor of agriculture.

tripudio, 1, (o dance, leap.

tripudium, i, N., a religious dance ;
a favorable omen (from the feed-
ing of chickens).

ftripus, odis, M., íripod (three-
footed seat).

triquetrus, a, um, tlree-cornered.

trirémis, is, r., trireme (galley with
three banks of oars).

tris—tres (acc.), three.

triste, sadly.

tristi—trivisti, [tero,] wore.

tristis, e, sad, gloomy, harsh, stern.

tristitia, ee, F., sadness, sternness.

trisulcus, a, um, (/ree-cleft, triple.

tritavus, i, M., ancestor (v. avus).

triticeus, a, um, of wheat.

triticum, i, N., wheat.

Triton, onis (0s) a sea-god, son
of Neptune.

Tritonia, e (of Lake Triton, in
Africa), Minerva.

tritor, Oris, M., grinder.

tritura, ee, F., grinding, rubbing
(threshing). ;

tritus, [tero,] rubbed, worn.

triumphalis, e, of a triumph.

triumphatus, a, um, vanquished,
got by conquest.

triumpho, 1, /o triumph, exult.

triumphus, i, M., triumph (a solemn
procession of victory).

triumviri, orum, Doard of Three
(for colonies, police, or mint).

Trivia, ee, Diana or Hecate.

trivialis, e, of (he sireet-corner.

trivium, i, N., meeting of 3 roads,
highivay, crossroad.

Troas, adis, F., a Trojan woman.

T trochilus, i, M., a ?ren.

t trochlea, ae, F., pulley-block.

ttrochus, i, M., hoop.

194

Troés, um, Trojans.

Trcezen, enis, F., a city of Argolis.

Troglodytee, dwellers in caves.

Troius, a, um, 7'ojan.

Troja, e, F., Z'roy (in north-
western Asia Minor).

Trojugena, ee, C., 7roy-born.

Ttropeeum, i, N. í(rophy (a post,
decorated with captured arms),
monument, victory.

Trophonius, i, a deity worshipped
in a cave of Boeotia.

1tropicus, a, um, of turning, tropic.

Tros, ois, myth. king of Phrygia.

Trous (-ius, -icus, -janus), a, um ;
Tros, ois, Trojan.

trua, ee, F., lade, gutter.

trucidatio, Onis, F., massacre.

trucido, 1, (o butcher, massacre.

truculentia, ee, F., harshness.

truculentus, a, um, Aarsh, fierce.

trudis, is, F., pole, pike.

trüdo, si, sum, 3, /o push, thrust.

trulla, ee, F., ladle, trowel.

trulleum, i, N., wash-basin.

trullisso, 1, /o plaster.

trunco, I, mutilate, cut off.

truncus, i, M., trunk, stem, body.

truncus,a, um, mangled, disfigured,
maimed, broken, cut off.

trusatilis, e, driven by hand.

trüsus, [trudo,] trust.

trutina, ee, F., balance.

trux, trucis, harsh, grim, stern.

Ttryblium, i, N., a plate, salver.

tu, tui, tibi, te, pl. vos, tou.

tuatim, in your fashion.

tuba, ee, F., trumpet.

tüber, eris, N., hump, mushroom.

tuber, eris, N., a kind of apple.

tubicen, inis, M., trumpeter.

tubilustrium, feast of trumpets.

tubulus, i, M., pipe, tube.

tuburcinor, r, 1, devour.

tubus, i, M., pipe, tube.

tucetum, i, N., sausage.

tudes, is, M., hammer.

tuditans, tis, s(riking, driving.

tueor, itus, 2, look at, gaze, guard.

tugurium, i, N., cottage, hut.

tuli, (fero, | bore.

Troes — tureus.

Tullianus, a, um, of Tullius ; N., a
dungeon built by him.
Tullius (Servius) sixth king of.
Rome, B.C., 578—534.
Tullus Hostilius, third king of
Rome, B.C., 679-640.
tum, /hen; cum (tum)...tum,
both . . and ; not only . . but also.
tume-facio, 3, cause to swell.
tumeo, 2, (o be swollen, turgid.
tumesco, mui, 3, (o become swollen.
tumide, Ahaughtily.
tumidus (-Oosus), a, um, swelling,
haughty, turgid, violent.
tumor, Oris, M., swelling, commotion.
tumulo, 1, to bury. —
tumulosus, a, um, /ily.
tumultuarius, a, um, /asty, con-
fused, irregular.
tumultuor (-0), t, £o be tumultuous.
tumultuose, in confusion.
tumultuosus, a, um, confused, tu-
"multuous.
tumultus, üs, N., t(umult, uproar.
tumulus, i, N., »ound, hill.
tunc, then.
tundo, tutudi, tuns- (tüs-), 3, /o
strike, bruise, stun, importune.
tunica, ee, F., tunic (a belted shirt),
coating, integument.
tunico, 1, /o clothe with tunic.
tunsus, [tundo,] beaten.
tuor, 3—tueor, gaze, guard.
türalis, e ; -arius, a, um, of incense.
turba, ee, F., crowd, disorder, brawl.
turbate, in confusion.
turbàtio, Onis, F., confusion.
turbator, Oris, M., disturber.
turbellee, arum, F., bustle, row.
turben—turbo, whirl..
turbide, in disorder.
turbido, 1, /o trouble, disturb.
turbidus, a, um, confused, wild, per-
plexed, stormy, turbid.
turbinatus, a, um, cone-shaped.
turbo, r, disturb, trouble, confuse.
turbo, inis, M., whirl, hurricane, top.
turbulentus, a, um, agitated, stor-
m3, seditious.
turdus, i, N., -a, e, F., thrush.
türeus, a, um, of incense.

—

turgeo — ultrix. 195

turgeo, tursi, 2, to be swollen. .

turgesco, 3, /o swell.

turgidus, a, um, swollen, turgid.

turibulum, i, N., censer.

türicremus,a, um, incense-burning.

türifer, era, um, yielding incense.

turma, ee, F., (troop, squadron (of
32), throng.

turmalis, e, of à squadron, cavalry.

turmáàtim, 5j squadrons, or troops.

Turnus, i, myth. king of Rutuli.

turpis, e, ugly, base, foul.

turpiter, basely.

turpitüdo, inis, F., foulness, dis-
grace, infamy.

turpo, 1, /o soil, pollute, dishonor.

turriger, era, um, bearing towers.

turris, is, im, i, F., tower, citadel.

turritus, a, um, castled, towering.

turtur, uris, M., /urtle-dove.

turunda, ee, F., paste, ball.

tüs, türis, N., incense.

"'"uscus, a, um, 7Z'uscan (of Etruria).

Tusculum, i, N., a town of Latium.

tussio, 4, to cough.

tussis, is, im, i, F., cough.

tüsus, [tundo,]| bruised.

tütámen, inis, N., defence.

tüte, (hou (emphatic).

tute, safely.

tütéla, ee, F., guardianship, protector.

tütelaris, e, of defence.

tuto, safely.

tutor, Oris, M., protector, guardian.

tütor, 1, to quard, ward off.

tütus, [tueor,] sae.

tuus, a, um, //y, your.

Tybris—Tiberis, Tiber.

Tydeus, ei (eos), myth. father of
Diomed (Tydides, e).

tympanum, i, N., drum, tambourine.

Tyndareus, ei (us, i) myth. king ,

of Sparta, father of Helen.

Typhoius, a, um, of. Typhoeus, or
Typhon, à giant buried under
ZEtna.

ftyphon, onis M., whirlwind, ty-

phoon.
T typus, i, M., figure, type.
ttyrannicida, ee, M., tyrant-killer.
ityrannicus, a, um, (yrannical.

Ttyrannis, idis, F., !yranny.

t tyrannus, i, M., sovereign, tyrant.

Tyrius, a um, of. T'yre.

Tyros (us) i, F., Tyre, a port of
Phoenicia.

Tyrrheénus, a, um, Zírurian.

U.

über, eris, N., breast, udder, fertility.

über, eris, rich, fertile, abundant.

überius, berrime, more fruitfully.

übero (-to), 1, to fertilize.

übertas, atis, F., richness, abun-
dance, fertility.

übertim, copiously.

ubi, where, when, as soon as.

ubicumque, wherever, everywhere.

ubilibet, anywhere you will.
ubinam, where ?

ubique, everywhere, wherever.

ubiubi, wherever.

ubivis, where you will.

üdo, 1, (o moisten.

üdo, onis, N., a fur or felt sock.

üdus, a, um, wet, moist.

ulcero, r, (o make sore.

ulcerosus, a, um, full of sores.

ulciscor, ultus, 3, (o revenge, punish.

ulcus, eris, N., sore, ulcer.
uliginosus, a, um, moist.

üligo, inis, F., moisture.

Ulixes, is (ei), Ulysses, myth. king
of Ithaca, famous for craft and
eloquence.

ullus, a, um, ius (w. neg.), any.

ulmeus, a, um, of cl»; ulmea
virga, rod (for whipping).

ulmitriba, ee, M., rod-wearer (slave).
ulmus, i, F., elm.

ulna, ee, F., elbow, ell.

ulpicum, i, N., a kind of leek.

uls, beyond.

ulterior, us, farther, beyond.

ultimo (um), for the last time.

ultimus, a, um, furthest, last.
ultio, Onis, F., vengeance.

ultor, Oris, M., avenger.

ultra, beyond, besides.

ultrix, icis, F., avenging.

196

ultro, beyond, afar, besides, volun-
tartlj, unconstrained, unprovoked.

ultroneus, a, um, voluntary.

ultus, [ulciscor, | avenged, punished.

ulula, ee, F., screech-owl.

uiulatus, üs, M., wailing, howling.

ululo, 1, /o wail, howl, resound.

ulva, ee, F., sedge, meadow-grass.

. Ulysses—Ulixes.

umber, bri, M., an Umbrian hound.

umbilicus, i, M., navel, centre.

umbo, onis, M., boss (of shield),
shield, elbow.

umbra, ee, F., shade, shadow, ghost.

umbraculum, i, N., shade, bower.

umbraticus, a, um, of the shade.

umbratilis, e, staying in shade, at
school.

umbratiliter, in outline.

Umbri, orum, people of Umbria,
a dist. of N. E. Italy.

umbrifer, era, w., shade-giving.

umbro, 1, /o shade, cover.

umbrosus, a, um, shady.

umquam, ever.

una, together.

üunanimis, e; -us, a, um, of'one iind
or will, unanimous.

ünanimitas, atis, F., unanümity.

uncatus, a, um, /hooked.

uncia, ee, F., one-twelfth (as ounce,
inch, &c.), a trijle.

uncialis, e; -arius, a, um, of an
ounce.

unciatim, 5; ounces or inches.

uncinus, i, M., /iook, barb.

unctio, onis, F., anointing.

unctor, Oris, M., anointer.

unctorium, i, M., anointing-room.

unctus, [ungo,] rich, sumptuous ;
N., banquet, ointment.

uncus, i, M., hook, barb.

uncus, a, um, crooked, hooked.

unda, ee, F., wave, water, tide.

undatim, like waves.

unde, whence.

[undé-, one from ; (as undeviginti).

undecentum, ninety-nine.

undecies, eleven times.

undecim, eleven.

undecimus, a, um, eleventh.

ultro — urbanus.

*
undeciremis, is, F., ship of 11 banks.
undecumque, whencesoever.
undelibet, whence you will.
undeni, e, a, eleven each.
undevicecimus, a, um, nineteenth.
undevieinti, nineteen.
undique, everywhere, from all sides.
undo, r1, to wave, overflow, abound.
undosus, a, um, full of waves, bil-
lowy.

unedo, onis, w., arbute.

unetvicesimus, a, um, twenty-first.

ungella, ee, F., a little claw.

ungo, nxi, nct-, 3, smear, anoint.

unguen, inis, N., fat, ointment.

unguentarius, a, um, of ointments ;
C., perfume.

unguentum, i, N., oüntment, per-
fume.

unguicilus, i, M., finger-nail.

unguinosus, a, um, oily. -

unguis, is, M., nail claw, talon;
ad unguem, accurately.

ungula, ee, F., 1oof, claw.

unguo—ungo, anoint.

unice, alone, singularly.

ünicolor, oris, of'one color.

unicus, a, um, single, sole, singular,
unique.

uniformis, e, of one shape.

unio, Onis, F., oneness ; M., a pearl.

unio, 4, to unite.

unitas, átis, F., oneness, sameness.

uniusmodi, of one sort.

universe (-im), in general.

universitas, atis, F., t/ie whole, the
universe.

universus, a, um, all together, as
a whole; N., the universe.

unoculus, a, um, one-ejyed.

unquam—umquam, ever.

unus, a, um, ius, one, some, only, a.

üpilio, onis, M., shepherd.

Uupupa, ee, F., a /oopoe, mattock.

Urania, the muse of Astronomy.

Uránus, myth. father of Saturn.

urbane, courteously, wittily.

urbanitas, atis, r., city-life, fashion,
refinement, wit, elegance.

urbanus, a, um, of the city; in city
stile, refined, witty, impudent.

urbiecus — vaccinium.

urbicus, a, um, of the city.

Urbinas, átis, of. Urbinum, a town
of Umbria.

urbs, bis, F., city, town (esp. Rome).

urceus, i, M., pitcher, waterpot.

ür&do, inis, F., « blight, burning.

urgeo (-gueo), ursi, 2, press, push,
crow, urge, oppress.

ürica (eruca), ee, F., caterpillar.

ürinor, I, (o dive.

T üurinus, a, um, windy.

urna, ee, F., water-jar, urn (for vot-
ing), measure of 3 gallons.

üro, ussi, ust-, 3, (o burn, blast, con-
swine, chafe, corrode.

ursinus, a, um, of a bear.

uraus, i, M. ; -a, ee, F., à bear.

urtica, ee, F., netlle.

ürus, i M., wild ox.

urvum, i, N., plough-tail.

üsio, Onis, F., use.

üsitate, as usual.

üsitatus, a, um, customary.

üsitor, I, (o use habitually.

uspiam, usquam, anywhere, in any
thing, in any direction.

usque, all (he way, as far as, until,
without stopping, incessantly.

usquequaque, everywhere.

ustor, Oris, M., 4 corpse-burner.

ustulo, I, (o scorch, crisp.

ustus, | üro,] burnt.

üsuárius (-rárius), a, um, for use.

üsü-capio, 3, (o acquire by use.

üsüra, ae, F., use, enjoyment, in-
terest- money.

üsurpátio, onis, F., making use.

üsurpo, 1, employ, make use of, get,
acquire wrongfully, usurp, call.

üsus, [ütor,] having used.

üsus, üs, M., use, service, custom, in-
tercourse, practice, need, occasion.

üsüfructus, üs, M., use and enjoy-
ment of another's property.

ut, (hat, as, when, how, granting that,
would that, in order that, that not
(with words of fearing).

utcumque, Aowever, whenever.

ütens, | ütor,] possessing.

ütensilis, e, fi! for use.

üter, tris, M., bag, skin.

197

uter, tra, um, trius, which (of two),
either one, whichever. ^

uter-cumque, whichever (of two).

uterinus, a, um, of the same mother.

uter-libet, which you will.

uter-que, each, both.

uterus, i, M., womb, belly.

uter-vis, which you will.

uti (utor), use.

uti—ut, /Aat.

ütibilis, e, serviceable.

Utica, ee, F., a town of N. Africa.

ütilis, e, uscful, profitable, fu; (as
a law term), in equity.

ütilitas, átis, F., use, service, profit.

ütiliter, advantageously.

utinam, would that !

utique, surely, in anjj case.

ütor, üsus, 3, (o use, employ, enjoy.

utpote, as,namely, seeing that.

utputa, as for instance.

utráalibet, on either side..

ütrarius, a, um, water-carrier.

utrasque, both tünes.

utriculàrius, i, M., bag-piper.

utrimque, on both sides.

utrimquesecus, on either hand.

utro, in which direction.

utrólibet, /o either side.

utroque, in both directions.

utrubi, where? (of two places).

utrubique (-dem), on both sides.

utrum, whether (S 71).

utut, however.

üva, ee, F., cluster of. grapes.

üvens, tis; -idus, a, um, moist,
damp, juicy, well-watered.

üvesco, 3, (o gel moist.

üvifer, era, um, cluster-bearing.

uxor, Oris, F., wif?.

uxorius, a, um, « wife's; fond of
one's wife.

v

—Qquinque, five.
vacans, tis, a! leisure, idle.
vacátio, onis, F., freedom, leisure,
dispensation, exemption-money.
vacca (-ula), ee, F., co.
vaccinium, i, N., bleaberry.

198

vaccinus, a, um, of Line.
vacerra, ee, F., /og, stock.
vacerrosus, a, um, crackbrained.
vacillatio, onis, F., wavering.
vacillo, 1, /o stagger, waver.
vacive, al leisure;
vacivus, a, um, empty.
VaCO, I, /o be void, at leisure.
vacue-facio, 5, (o make empty.
vacuitas, atis, F., exemption.
vacuo, 1, /o make empty.
vacuus, a, um, enply, free, clear,
vacant, open, wnmarried.
vadimonium, i, N., bail, securily.
vado, 3, /o go, walk, stride.
vador, 1, bind by bail.
vadosus, a, um, s/oal, shallow.
vadum, i, N., a shoal, ford, stream.
vee, alas /
veeneo—-veneo, be sold.
vafer, fra, um, sl», crafty.
vaframentum, i, N., írick.
vagabundus, a, um, vagrant.
vage, here and there, vaguely.
vagina, ee, F., sheath, husk.
vagio, 4, /o cry, squall.
vagitus, üs, M., crying.
vagor, I, w«nder, roam.

vagus, a, um, roaming, inconstant, '

valde, very, very much.

vale, valete, farewell.

valens, tis, vigorous, well, strong.
valenter, s/outly.

valentia, ee, F., vigor.

valeo, ui, it-, 2, to be well, vigorous,

valesco, 3, to get strong.

valetüdinarius, a, um, sickly.

valetüdo, inis, F., state of" health
(well or ill), soundness, health.

valgiter, «wr.

valgus, a, um, bow-legged.

valide, stoutly, certainly.

validus, a, um, strong, powerful,
sound, well.

vallaris, e, of the rampart.

valles (-is), is, F., valley.

vallo. t, fortify, entrench.

vallum, ij N., rampart. (earth-wall
set with palisades), entrenchment.

vallus, i, M., stake, palisade.,

powerful ; 1o be-worth or signify.

vaccinus — Vaticanus.

valvee, árum, r., folding-door.

valvolee, arum, F., pods.

vane, idly.

vanesco, 3, /o vanish, disappear.

vanidicus, a, um, false speaking.

vaniloquentia, ee, F., idíe talk.

vaniloquus, a, um, fülse, boastful.

vanitas, atis, F., emptiness, vanity.

vannus, i, F., winnowing-shovel.

vanus, a, um, empty, void, vain,
false ; N., nothingness.

vapidus, a, um, spoiled, vapid.

vapor, Oris, M., steam, exhalation,
warmth. !

vaporo, r1, /o steam, glow.

vappa, ee, F., spoiled tine.

vapularis, e, of logging.

vapulo, 1, to get flogged.

vara, ee, F., tresile, forked pole.

varia, ee, F., panther.

varico, 1, /o straddle, stride.

vàaricosus, a, um, with swollen veins.

varicus, a, um, straddling.

varie, in divers colors.

variego, I, /o variegate.

varietas, atis, F., diversity, change.

vario, I, diversify, embroider, alter.

varius, a, um, changing, various.

varix, icis, C., « swollen vein.

varus, a, um, bent, bow-legged.

varus, i, M., blotch, pimple.

vas, vadis, w., bil, security.

vas, vasis, pl., -a, orum, w., vessel,
dish, tool ; pl., baggage.

vasarium, i, N., furniture-outftt.

vascularius, i, M., w/ite-smith.

vasculum, i, N., a small vessel.

vastatio, onis, F., /aying-waste.

vastator, Oris, M. ravager, de-
stroyer.

vaste, rudely, widely.

vastitas, atis, F., « waste, desert,
desolation, vastness.

vastities, ei; -tüdo, inis, F., ruin.

vasto, I, make empty, lay waste,
destroy, forsake.

vastus, a, um, empty, waste, deso-
late, rude, vast.

vates, is, um, C., prophet, poet.

Vaticanus, a hill in Rome, west
of the Tiber.

vaticinatio — Venetus

vüticinatio, Onis, F., prophecy.
vaticinor, 1, /o prophesy, sing, rant.
vatius, a, um, knock-kneed.
|-ve, or.
[ve-, of negative effect.
vécordia, ee, F., folly, madness.
vécors, dis, [cor, | senseless, mad.
vectàrius, a, um, for draught.
vectigal, alis, N., (az, revenue.
vectigalis, e, of. taxes, tributary.
vectis, is, M., bar, lever.
vecto, I, carry, convey.
vector, Oris, M., carrier, passenger.
vectorius, a, um, for carrying.
vectura, ee, F., freight or passage.
vectus, [veho,| borne.
vegeo, 2, excite, rouse.
vegeto, I, (0 rouse, invigorate.
vegetus, a, um, vigorous, active.
vegrandis, e, diminutive.
vehemens, tis, eager, violent, vig-
orous, powerful.
vehementer, eagerly, vigorously.
vehementia, ee, F., sirenglh, vehe-
— mence, fervor.
vehens, tis, riding.
vehes, is, F., cart-load.
vehiculum, i, N., cart, vehicle.
veho, xi, ct-, 3, carry, bear, convey.
Veéiens, tis ; -taànus, a, um, of Veil,
a city of Etruria near Rome.
vel, or, either, or indeed, even.
velabrum, i, N., ewning; a street
in Rome for small shops, &c.
velamen, inis, N., cover, garment.
véelamentum, i, N., cover, veil, cur-
lain; pl, rods wound with fi-
lets, borne by suppliants.
véelarium, i, N., awning.
velati, orum, M., reserve-troops.
veles, itis, M., skirmisher.
Velia, e, F., top of the Palatine
Hill ; a coast-town of Lucania.
"vélifer, era, um, sail-bearing.
v&lificor, 1, /o make sail.
Veliternus, a, um, of Velitre, a
Volscian town.
vé!ites, [veles,] light troops.
vélitatio, Onis, F., skirmishing.
vélitor, t, (o skirmish, wrangle.
vélivolus, a, um, winged with sails.

199

vellatüra, &e, F., conveyance.
vellico, 1, /o pinch, twiütch.
vello, vulsi, vuls-, 3, pull, pluck.
vellus, eris, N., fleece ; pelt, wool.
velo, 1, /o veil, cover, wrap.
velocitas, àtis, F., swifiness.
velociter, swifily.
velox, Ocis, swift, fleet.
velum, i, N., sail, curtain, veil.
velümen, inis, N., /leece.
velut, veluti, just as, as for instance,
as it were, just as if.
vena, ee, F., vein.
venabulum, i, N., hunting-spear.
Venafranus (-fer), a, um, of Vena-
frum, a Samnite town.
venalicius, a, um, for sale.
venalis, e, for sale, venal.
véenáticus, a, um, for hunting.
vénátio, onis, F., (he chase, game.
venátor, Oris, M., /unter.
venátrix, icis, F., huntress.
vénátus, üs, M. ; -tura, ee, F., hunt-
ing, the chase.
vendibilis, e, salable, agreeable.
vendico—vindico, claim.
venditàrius, a, um, for sale.
venditatio, Onis, F., display.
venditio, onis, F., selling, sale.
vendito, 1, offer for sale, praise.
venditor, Oris, M., seller.
vendo, didi, dit-, 3, (o sell, cry up
(as if for sale), betraj for money.
venéficium, i, N., poisoning, magic.
venéficus, a, um, poisonous, magi-
cal ; M., sorcerer ; F., sorceress.
venenatus, a, um, envenomed.
veneno, 1, /o poison, dye.
venénum, i, N. poison, venom,
magical, charm, potion, dye.
véeneo, ivi (ii) it 4, ío be sold or
on sale.
venerábilis, e, wort of. veneration.
venerabundus, a, um, reverential.
venerandus, a, um, venerable.
venerátio, onis, F., reverence.
Venereus, a, um, of Venus, or love ;
M., & lucky throw ; F., à shell.
veneror, I, revere, supplicate.
Venetus, a, um, of Venetia, the
country near Venice.

200

venia, ee, F., favor, permission, for-
bearance, pardon.

venialis, e, gracious, pardonable.

venio, veni, vent-, 4, (o0 come.

venor, I, /o hunt, pursue.

venosus, a, um, full of veins.

venter, tris, ium, M., belly, pro-
tuberance.

ventilo, 1, toss in the air, fan, win-
now, disturb, disquiet.

ventio, onis, F., coming.

ventito, 1, keep coming.

ventosus, a, um, windy, speedy.

ventriosus, a, um, big-bellied.

ventus (-ulus), i, M., wind, breeze,

véenücula, ee, F., a raisin-grape.

venum, ui, o, M., sale.

venum-do, I, set to sale.

Venus, eris, the goddess of Love ;
love, charm.

venustas, atis, F., charm, grace.

venuste, charmingly.

venustus, a, um, graceful, lovely.

vepres, is, M., brier, bramble.

vepreétum, i, N., Uramble-bush.

ver, veris, N., spring.

veraciter, truthfully.

veratrix, 1cis, F., sorceress.

veratrum, i, N., hellebore.

verax, acis, truthful.

verbascum, i, N., mullein.

verbénee, arum, F., sacred boughs
(of olive, myrtle, laurel, &c.).

verber, eris, N., lash, scourge, thong.

verberátio, onis, F., flogging.

" verbereus, a, um, of stripes.

verbero, 1, (o scourge, beat, lash.

verbero, onis, M., scamp, rascal.

verbose, wordily.

verbosus, a, um, «wordy.

verbum, i, N. word pl. language,
discourse, phrase, saying, talk;
verbi causa, for example.

verculum, i, N., [ver,] darling.

vere, truly, rightly.

verecunde, modestly.

verecundia, ee, F., modest, shjyness.

verecundor, 1, be shy, or ashamed.

verecundus, a, um, modest, bashful.

verédus, i, M., posi-horse.

verendus, a, um, venerable, awful.

venia — versura.

verenter, reverenily.
vereor, I, to fear, be afraid, revere.
Vereilice, arum, F., (he Pleiades.
vergo, si, 3, bend, tur n, lie towards.
veridicus, a, um, írutA-speaking.
verisimilis, e, likely, truth-like.
veritas, atis, F., trulh, reality.
veritus, [vereor,] afraid. »
veriverbium, i, N., veracity.
vermiculatus, a, um, worm-tracked
(a style of pattern).
vermiculor, Ir, /o be wormy or
worm-eaten.
vermiculus, i, M., grub.
vermina, um, N., gripes.

vermino, I, (o have worms, or crawl- |

ing pains.
vermis, is, M., [verto,] «orm.

verna, e, C. « Aome-born slave,

native.

vernáculus, a, um, native, inmate.

vernalis, e, [ ver] of spring.
vernilis, e, slavish, fawning, jesting.
verno, I, to bloom, flourish.
vernula, ee, C., « young slave.
vernus,a,um, of spring ; N., spring-
time ; verno, in the spring.
vero, in truth, but, indeed.
verres, is, M., à boar-pig.
verrinus, a, um, of hog or pork.
verro, ri sum, 3, scrape, iet,
drive, drag away, conceal.
verrüca, ee, F., a steep height, wart.
verrücosus, a, um, warty, hilly.
verrunco, I, (o turn, turn out well.
versabilis, e, changeful.
versatilis, e, revolving, movable.
versicolor, Oris, parti-colored, va-
riable.

versiculus, i, M., a lille verse.

versifico, I, (o write in verse.

versipellis, e, /hat changes skin,
dissembling, erafty.

verso, I, turn, whirl, bend, disturb,
revolve, transact.

versor, I, dwell, abide, occupy one's
self, engage in.

versoria, ee, F., turning, return.

versum, /owards.

versüra, ee, F., turn, turning- -place,
borrowing to pay.

d

versus — vibro.

versus, [verto,] turned.
versus (vorsus), towards.

' versus, us, M., furrow, line, verse.

versütus, a, um, shrewd, crafty.

vertagus, i, N., jreyhound.

vertebra, ee, F., Joint.
vertex, icis, M., whirl, eddy, vortex;
e (op, crown, peak.

verticosus, a, um, whirling, edd j-

ing, full of wlrls.
vertigo, inis, r., whirling, giddiness.

. verto (vorto), ti, sum, 3, (o turn,

change, subvert, translate.
Vertumnus, i, god of Seasons.
veru, üs, um, ubus, N., à spit.
veruina, ee, F., javelin.
verum, i, N., /he truth.
verum, íruly, yes, but, yet.
verumtamen, but yet.
verus, a, um, írue, real.

"verütum, i, N., dart, javelin.

verütus, a, um, armed with darts.

vervactum, i, N., a fallow field.

vervago, 3, (o break up land.

vervex, ecis, M., « wether, multon-
head. |

vésania, ee, F., madness.

vésánus, a, um, mad, fierce, savage.

vescor, 3, to feed, eat, enjoy.

vescus, a, um, lile, thin, fine-

grained, wretched.

vésica (-ula) ee, F., the bladder,

purse, &c. (of bladder-skin).
vespa, ee, F., t»asp.
vesper, eri (eris), M., evening.
vespera, &e, F., evening.
vesperasco, 3, get towards evening.
vespertilio, Onis, M., d bat.
vespertinus, a, um, of evening.
vesperügo, inis, F., //e evening-
star, a bat. :
Vesta, ee, d. of Saturn, goddess
of the Household.
Vestalis, e, of. Vesta; pl. F., Ves-
tal Virgins (priestesses of Vesta).
vester, tra, um, your.
vestiarius, a, um, of clothes; N.,
wardrobe.

vestibulum, i, N., fore-court, en- '

trance, vestibule.
vesticeps, cipis, bearded, corrupt.

9201

vestigium, i, N., footstep, track,
moment; ex vestigio, instantly.
vestigo, I, (o trace back.
vestimentum, i, N., clothing.
vestio, 4, /o clothe, cover, surround.
vestiplica, ee, F., laundress.
vestitus, a, um, cíad.
vestis, is, F., clothing, garment, car-
pet, tapestry, covering.
vestispica, ee, F., clothes-maid.
vestitus, üs, M., raiment, attire.
vestras, atis, C., of. your people.
veteranus, a, um, [vetus, | veteran.
veterasco, ávi, 5, (o grow old.
veterátor, Oris, M., one grown old,
or cunning.
veteratorius, a, um, crafty.
veterinus, a, um, of beasts of. bur-
den, or draught-cattle.
veternósus,a, um,drotwsy, lethargic.
veternus, i, M., old age, drowsiness.
vetitum, i, N., [veto,] prohibition,
a. forbidden thing.
veto, ui, it-, r, forbid, hinder.
vetulus, a, um, little old.
vetus, eris, old ; pl. the ancients..
vetustas, atis, F., antiquity, old age.
vetuste, in the old way.
vetustus, a, um, aged, ancient, out
of date, antiguated.
vexatio, onis, F., shaking, distress.
vexaàtor, oris, N., troubler.
vexillarius, i, M., standard-bearer.
vexillátio, onis, F., battalion, squad-
ron, under one flag.
vexillum, i, N., standard, ensign, the
red flag of the general.
vexo, 1, shake, harass, vez, distress.
via, e, F., way, road, street, jour-
-mey, passage, manner, fashion.
vilis, e; -rius, a, um, of (he road.
viáticus, a, um, of a journey; N.,
travelling-supplies, prize-money.
vi&tor, Oris, M., wajjfarer, traveller,
summoner.
viatorius, a, um, of the journey.
vibex, icis, F., scar, stripe, weal.
vibia, ee, F., cross-plank.
vibrátus, üs, M., flickering.
vibro, r, brandish, shake, fling, vi-
brate, quiver, sparkle.

202

viburnum, i, N., waj/faring-tree (a
shrub).

vicanus, a, um, of a village, villager.

vicarius, a, um, substituted ; M., à
substitute, deputy.

vicatim, from street to street.

vicenarius, a, um, of twenty.

viceni, ee, a, twenty (each).

vicennalis, e, of twenty years.

vicesimus, a, um, one-twentieth ;
F., (az of five per cent.

vicia, ee, F., velch.

vicies, twenty times.

vicinalis, e; -arius, a, um, neigh-
boring, of the village.

vicinia, ee; -tas, tatis, F., neighbor-
hood, likeness, vicinity.

vicinus, a, um, near, neighboring,
like; M., neighbor.

vicis (gen. ), em, e; es, ibus, change,
turn, » lot, recompense ; acc., instead
of, for; in vicem, by turns.

vicissatim, again, in return.

vicissim, on the other hand ; in turn.

vicissitudo, inis; -tas, atis, F.,
"change, alternation.

victima, ee, F., victim (for sacrifice).

victimarius, i, M., assistant at sacri-
fice, or dealer in victims.

victito, 1, [ vivo,] subsist.

victor, Oris, M., conqueror.

victoria, ee, F., victory.

victrix, 1cis, F., s/e that conquers.

victualis, e, of. provisions.

victus, [vinco,] coriquered.

victus, us, M., dens food, living,
way of life.

vicus, i. N., street (of houses), village.

videlicet, :manifestly, plainly, of
course, namely.

viden (videsne), do you see?

video, vidi, vis-, 2, see, observe, un-
derstand, provide ; P., scem, appear,
seem good.

vidua, ae, F., widow.

viduitas, atis, F., dearth, lack.

vidulus, i, N., knapsack.

viduo, 1, bereave, deprive.

viduus, a, um, bereft, widowed.

Vienna, ee, F., Vienne, in south-
eastern Gaul, on the Rhone.

viburnum — vinculum.

vieo, &t-, 2, to twist, plait, weave.
viesco, 3, io shrink, wither. '
vietus, a, um, shrivelled, shrunk.
vigeni—viceni, twenty each.
vigeo, 2, ío thrive, Jlourish.
vigesco, vigui, 5, grow flourishing.
vigesimus, a, um, /.entieth. (
vigil, ilis, awake, watchful, alert. ,
vigilans, tis, ntes anzious. .
vigilantia, ee, F., watchfulness, vigi-
lance, walefulness.
vigilia, &, F., wakoefulness, tnl
guard, night-watch (X of the 1.
vigilo, r, watch, guard, be ibo:
viginti, twenty.
viginti viri, Board of vua
assigning lands). «|
vigor, Oris, M., energy, force, . |. ;r.
vilesco, vilui, /o grow worthle: .
vilipendo, 3, [pendo,] hold c |. :ap.
vilis, e, cheap, worthless, abundant.
vilitas, atis, F., cheapness, baseness.
viliter, cheaply.
vilito, 1, /o cheapen, degrade.
villa (-ula), ee, F., countrj-seat, villa.
villaticus, a, um, of a villa.
villico (-or), 1, manage an estate.
villicus, a, um, of a villa; M., F.,
steward, overseer.
villosus, a, um, /airy, shaggy.
villum, i, N., [vinum,] sup of wine.
villus, i, M., s4aggy hair.
vimen, inis, N., slender (wig, osier.
viminalis, e; -eus, a, um, of osiers.
vin (visne), will you?
vinàacea, ee, F., grape-husk.
vinaceum, i, N., grape-stone.
vinalis, e, of wine; N. pl, wine-
festival (in April and August.)
vinarius, a, um, of «ine; M., wine-
dealer ;. pl., N., wine-pots.
vinca, ee, F., periwinkle.
vinceus, a, um, for binding.
vincibilis, e, of conquest.
vincio, vinxi, vinct-, 4, bind, wind,
felter, confine, fortify.
vinco, vici, vict-, 3, conquer, sub-
due, surpass, prevail.
vinctüra, ee, F., bandage.
vinctus, [vincio,] bound.
vinculum, i, N., bond, chain, cord.

vindémia, ee, F., vintage, grape-
harvest; grapes, wine.
vindémiator, Oris, M., vintager.
vindémio, I, gather grapes.
vindex, icis, C., defender, deliverer,
protector, avenger.
vindicatio, Óliis, F., claim, defence,
vengeance.
vindiciee, àrum, F., claim at law.
vindico, r, to lay claim, save, de-
liver, avenge.
v^ "icta, ee, F., the liberating-rod ;
once, vengeance.
, €, F., vineyard, pent-house
; besiegers).
,tum, i, N., vineyard.
v1: sus, a, um, belonging to wine.
viüitulus, a, um, delightful.
vini!lentia, ae, F., intoxication.
vinóllentus, a, um, drunk with wine.
vinósus, a, um, full or fond of wine.
vinum, i, N., wine, grapes.
vio, I, j0, travel.
viola, ee, F., violet, gilliflower.
violábilis, e, subject to harm.
violáceus, a, um, of violet-color.
violàrius, a, um, of violet dye; N.,
bed of violets. :
violátio, Onis, F., injury.
violator, Oris, M., injurer, profaner,
murderer.
violátus, [violo,] harmed.
violens, tis, | vis, | violent, impetuous.
violentia, ee, F., violence, fierceness.
violentus, a, um, vehement, violent,
boisterous.
violo, t, (o harm, profane, violate.
vipera, ee, F., viper, adder.

or snake.
vipio, Onis, M., small crane.
vir, viri, N., man, male, lyusband.
virágo, inis, F., [virgo,] « heroine.
vireo, 2, to be green or vigorous.
vireo, onis, N., green-finch (?)
vires, ium, F., | vis,] strength, forces.
viresco, 3, grow verdant.
viresco, 3, (o grow strong.
virétum, i, N., turf, greensward. -
virga, ae, F., liUig, rod, wand.
virgator, Oris, M., a /logger.

vindemia — visus.

vipereus (-inus), a, um, of a viper

203

virgatus, a, um, of twigs, striped.
virgetum, i, N., osier-thicket.
virgeus, a, um, of rods or twigs.
virgidemia, ee, F., harvest of rods.
virginalis, e; -eus, a, um, of a
girl or maiden.
virginitas, atis, F., maidenhood.
Virginia, a Roman maiden, slain
by her father, to save her from
the decemvir, Ap. Claudius.
virginitas, atis, F., maidenhood.
virgo, inis, F., maiden, virgin, young
woman, Vestal; dea, Diana.
virgosus, a, um, full of twigs.
virgula, ee, F., a small rod.
virgultum, i, N., ticket, shrubberj.
viriee, arum, F., bracelets.
viridarium, i, N., pleasure-garden.
viridicatus, a, um, green.
viridis, e, green, verdant, youthful.
viriditas, atis, F., verdure, vigor.
virido, 1, (o make or grow green.
virilis, e, manly, belonging to a man.
virilitas, atis, F., manAood.
viriliter, manfullj.
viriola, ee, F., a little bracelet.
viriosus, a, um, robust, rude.
viritim, man by man.
virosus, a, um, [vir,] fond of men.
virosus, a, um, [ virus, | rank, slimy.

virtus, ütis, F., manhood, courage,

valor, virtue, power.
virulentus, a, um, poisonous.
virus, i, N., slime, poison, stench.
vis, vim, vi, F., force, violence,
abundance; pl., vires, strength.
viscátus, a, um, [viscum,] /imed.
viscera, um, N., flesh, bowels.
viscerátio, onis, F., distributing or
devouring of meat.
viscidus (-Osus), a, um, clamm;y,
sticky.
viscum, i, N., amistletoe, birdlime.
viscus, eris, N., [vescor,] an in-
terior organ ; pl., Jlesh, entras.
visibilis, e, visible.
visio, onis, F., sigAt, vision, idea.
visito, r, to see or visit often.
viso, si, sum, 3, view, look at, visit.
visus, [video,| seen; N., & vision.
visus, üs, M., act or object of sight.

204

vita, ee, F., life, subsistence, way of
life, shade or spirit.

vitabundus, dodging, avoiding.

vitalis, e, of life, vital.

vitatio, onis, F., shunning.

vitellus, i, M., little calf, yolk.

viteus, a, um, of (he vine.

vitiarium, i, N., nursery of vines.

vitiator, Oris, M., corrupter.

viticula, ee, F., little -vine, tendril.

vitifer, era, um, vine-bearing.

vitigenus (-eus), a, um, vine-borne.

vitilis, e, [vieo,] p/atted, braided,
woven ; N. pl, wicker-work.

vitio, 1, /o corrupt, hurt, spoil.

vitiosus, a, um, faulty, vicious.

vitis, is, F., vine, esp. grape-vine.

vitisátor, Oris, M., vine-planter.

vitium, i, N., fault, vice.

- vito, I, shun, avoid, escape.

vitrarius, i, M., glass-blower.

vitreus, a, um, of glass, glassy;
N. pl., glass-ware.

vitricus, i, M., step-father.

vitrum, i, N., glass, woad.

vitta, ee, F., band, fillet.

vitula, ee, F., heifer-calf.

vitulinus, a, um, of « calf;
(or N. pl.), veal.

vitulor, 1, | vinco,] keep Aoliday.

vitulus, i, M., calf, foal.

vituperabilis, e, blamable.

vituperatio, onis, F., blame.

vitupero, I, /o blame, censure.

vivacitas, atis, F. (vivax), vital
force, length of life.

vivarius, a, um, of living creatures ;
N., park, fish-pond..

vivax, acis, /ong-lived, vigorous.

viverra, ee, F., a ferret.

vivesco (-isco), 3, get life or vigor.

vividus, a, um, living, animated,
vivid, vigorous.

vivifico, I, to restore to life.

vivificus, a, um, quickening.

viviradix, icis, F., a quickset.

vivo, vixi, vict-, 4, to live, subsist,
endure, support life, dwell.

vivus, a, um, alive, living.

vix, scarcely, hardly.

vixdum, scarce yet.

vita — volutus.

vixet (vixisset), Aad lived.
vocabulum, i, N., name, noün.
vocalis, e, /oud, vocal ; F., vowel.
vocatio, onis, F., summons.
vocator, Oris, M., inviter.
vocàátus, us, M., call, invocation.
vociferatio, Onis, F., outcry. ;'
vociferor, r1, /o cry aloud, shout.
vocifico, I, to proclaüm.
vocito, I, call often or loudly.
vOCO, I, call, summon, invoke, invite.
vocula, ee, F., a soft or feeble voice,
vola, ee, F., palm, sole.
volaticus, a, um, winged, 3 esas
volatilis, e, "ingen sivift.
volatus, tis, M. ; -türa, ee, F., figli,
Volcánus—V ulcánus, Vulcan. |
volema (pira), N. pl., pound pear.
volens, tis, | volo, | willing UA V
favor abli y inclined.
volgo—vulgo, commonly.
volgus—vulgus, common people.
volito, 1, fy, flit, hasten.
volnus—vulnus, wound.
volo, velle, volui ($ 37, 1.), wish
will, maintain.
volo, 1, to fly, hasten.
volones, um, M., volunteers.
volpes—vulpes, for.
Volsci, orum, a people of Latium.
volsella, ee, F., [vello,] tweezers.
volsus, [vello,] plucked.
voltus—vultus, face.
volübilis, e, spinning, flowing.
volübilitas, atis, F., whirling, flow.
volucer, cris, cre, flying, winged,
fleet ; F., a bird, winged creature.
volümen, inis, N., a roll, volume,
eddy.
voluntarius, a, um, voluntar, y; ; M,
volunteer.
voluntas, atis, F., will, wish, choice,
good-will, meaning.
volupe, agreeably.
voluptarius, a, um, voluptuous.
voluptas, atis, F., pleasure, delight.
voluptuosus, a, um, full of delight.
volutabrum, i, N., wallowing-place.
volütatio, onis, F., wallowing.
volüto, 1, /o turn, twist, roll, ponder.
volütus, [volvo,] turned.

volva — zythum.

volva (-ula), ee, F., wrapper, womb.

volvo, vi, üt-, 5, to roll, turn, revolve,
ponder.

vomer (is), eris, M., ploughshare.

vomica, ee, F., boil, tumor, plague.

vomitorius, a, um, emetic ; N. pl.
theaire-entrance.

vomitus, us, M.; -tio, Onis, F.,
vonmutng.

vom o, ui, it-, 5, vomit, discharge.

vopiscus, i, N., (he living twin.

voracitas, atis, F., greediness.

voraginosus, a, um, ful/ of pits.

vorago, inis, F., gulf, chasm.

vorax, acis, devouring, greedy.

voro, I, (o devour, engulf, consume.

VOISO—VersOo, (urn.

vorsus—versus, /owards.

vortex—vertex, whirlpool.

vos (tu), you.

voster—-vester, your.

votivus, a, um, pledged by vow,
votive, longed for.

votum, i, N., a vot—w, solemn pledge,
votive offering, desire.

voveo, vOovi. VOt-, 3, (o vow, con-
secrate, devote.

vox, vOcis, F., voice, sound, call,
word, speech, proverb.

Vulcanus, i, the god of Fire.

vuleàris, e, common, ordinary.

vulgaátus, vulgo, commonly known.

vulgo, commonly, publicly.

vulgo, 1, to publish, divulge, mingle.

vulgus, i, N. ; (or M.), common peo-
ple, multitude, mob.

vulnero, 1, £o wound, hurt.

vulnificus, a, um, wounding.

vulnus, eris, N., à wound, hurt.

vulpes, is; -cula, ee, F., fox.

vulpinaris, e, crafty, foxy.

vulpinus, a, um, of a fox.

vulsella—volsella, f«weezers.

205

vulsus, [vello,] plucked.

vulticulus, i, M., inien, look.

vultuosus, a, um, full of airs.

vultur, uris, M.. vulture.

vulturinus, a, um, of the vulture.

vulturius, i, M., vulture, extortioner,
bad throw (of dice).

Vulturnus, i, M., a river of Cam-
pania.

vultus, üs, M., face, countenance.

vulva—volva, wrapper, womb.

X.

Xanthus, i, N., a river near Troy.

]xenium, i, N., a guest-gift.

Xenophon, ontis, Athenian gene-
ral and historian, B.C. 445-356.

Xerxes, is, king of Persia, who
invaded Greece, B.C. 480.

T xystus, i, M., a covered porch.

Zz.

Zacynthus, i, F., the island Zante.

Zama, ee, F., a town of N. Africa,
where Hannibal was defeated
by Scipio, B.C. 202.

T zamia, ee, F., hurt, loss.

t zea, ee, F., spelt (a kind of wheat).

T zelotypus, a, um, ealous.

Zephyrus, i M. the west wind,
Zephyr.

t zona, ee, F., belt, girdle, zone, hem,
monejy-belt.

zonàarius, a, um, of the belt ; sector,
cutpurse. :

t zopissa, ee, F., caulking-pitch.

t zotheca, ee, F., cabinet, niche.

t zygia, ee, F., hornbeam.

1 zythum, i, N., an Egyptian beer.

Cambridge: Press of John Wilson and Son.

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